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Bouyahya A, El Omari N, Bakha M, Aanniz T, El Menyiy N, El Hachlafi N, El Baaboua A, El-Shazly M, Alshahrani MM, Al Awadh AA, Lee LH, Benali T, Mubarak MS. Pharmacological Properties of Trichostatin A, Focusing on the Anticancer Potential: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101235. [PMID: 36297347 PMCID: PMC9612318 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA), a natural derivative of dienohydroxamic acid derived from a fungal metabolite, exhibits various biological activities. It exerts antidiabetic activity and reverses high glucose levels caused by the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in Schwann cells, anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the expression of various cytokines, and significant antioxidant activity by suppressing oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms. Most importantly, TSA exhibits potent inhibitory activity against different types of cancer through different pathways. The anticancer activity of TSA appeared in many in vitro and in vivo investigations that involved various cell lines and animal models. Indeed, TSA exhibits anticancer properties alone or in combination with other drugs used in chemotherapy. It induces sensitivity of some human cancers toward chemotherapeutical drugs. TSA also exhibits its action on epigenetic modulators involved in cell transformation, and therefore it is considered an epidrug candidate for cancer therapy. Accordingly, this work presents a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in utilizing this natural compound for the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases, including cancer, along with the multiple mechanisms of action. In addition, this review summarizes the most recent and relevant literature that deals with the use of TSA as a therapeutic agent against various diseases, emphasizing its anticancer potential and the anticancer molecular mechanisms. Moreover, TSA has not been involved in toxicological effects on normal cells. Furthermore, this work highlights the potential utilization of TSA as a complementary or alternative medicine for preventing and treating cancer, alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.-H.L.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bakha
- Unit of Plant Biotechnology and Sustainable Development of Natural Resources “B2DRN”, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Mghila, P.O. Box 592, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat B.P. 6203, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohmed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road Fez, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.-H.L.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid B.P. 4162, Morocco
| | - Mohammad S. Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amma 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.-H.L.); (M.S.M.)
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2
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Hagiwara R, Oki Y, Matsumaru T, Ibayashi S, Kano K. Generation of metabolically functional hepatocyte-like cells from dedifferentiated fat cells by Foxa2, Hnf4a and Sall1 transduction. Genes Cells 2020; 25:811-824. [PMID: 33064855 PMCID: PMC7894465 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mature adipocyte-derived dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells have been identified to possess similar multipotency to mesenchymal stem cells, but a method for converting DFAT cells into hepatocytes was previously unknown. Here, using comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles, we have extracted three transcription factors, namely Foxa2, Hnf4a and Sall1 (FHS), that can convert DFAT cells into hepatocytes. Hepatogenic induction has converted FHS-infected DFAT cells into an epithelial-like morphological state and promoted the expression of hepatocyte-specific features. Furthermore, the DFAT-derived hepatocyte-like (D-Hep) cells catalyzed the detoxification of several compounds. These results indicate that the transduction of DFAT cells with three genes, which were extracted by comprehensive gene expression analysis, efficiently generated D-Hep cells with detoxification abilities similar to those of primary hepatocytes. Thus, D-Hep cells may be useful as a new cell source for surrogate hepatocytes and may be applied to drug discovery studies, such as hepatotoxicity screening and drug metabolism tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Hagiwara
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oki
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumaru
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shiho Ibayashi
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kano
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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3
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Ruoß M, Vosough M, Königsrainer A, Nadalin S, Wagner S, Sajadian S, Huber D, Heydari Z, Ehnert S, Hengstler JG, Nussler AK. Towards improved hepatocyte cultures: Progress and limitations. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111188. [PMID: 32045649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is among the most frequent reasons for drug withdrawal from the market. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reliable predictive in vitro tests, which unfailingly identify hepatotoxic drug candidates, reduce drug development time, expenses and the number of test animals. Currently, human hepatocytes represent the gold standard. However, the use of hepatocytes is challenging since the cells are not constantly available and lose their metabolic activity in culture. To solve these problems many different approaches have been developed in the past decades. The aim of this review is to present these approaches and to discuss the possibilities and limitations as well as future opportunities and directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvio Nadalin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Wagner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sahar Sajadian
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diana Huber
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zahra Heydari
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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4
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Chen C, Soto-Gutierrez A, Baptista PM, Spee B. Biotechnology Challenges to In Vitro Maturation of Hepatic Stem Cells. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1258-1272. [PMID: 29428334 PMCID: PMC6237283 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of liver disease is increasing globally. The only curative therapy for severe end-stage liver disease, liver transplantation, is limited by the shortage of organ donors. In vitro models of liver physiology have been developed and new technologies and approaches are progressing rapidly. Stem cells might be used as a source of liver tissue for development of models, therapies, and tissue-engineering applications. However, we have been unable to generate and maintain stable and mature adult liver cells ex vivo. We review factors that promote hepatocyte differentiation and maturation, including growth factors, transcription factors, microRNAs, small molecules, and the microenvironment. We discuss how the hepatic circulation, microbiome, and nutrition affect liver function, and the criteria for considering cells derived from stem cells to be fully mature hepatocytes. We explain the challenges to cell transplantation and consider future technologies for use in hepatic stem cell maturation, including 3-dimensional biofabrication and genome modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas, Madrid, Spain; Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Effect of Chromatin-Remodeling Agents in Hepatic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3038764. [PMID: 27242905 PMCID: PMC4876003 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3038764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic events, including covalent histone modifications and DNA methylation, play fundamental roles in the determination of lineage-specific gene expression and cell fates. The aim of this study was to determine whether the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA) promote the hepatic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) and their therapeutic effect on liver damage. 1 μM TSA and 20 μM 5-aza-dC were added to standard hepatogenic medium especially at differentiation and maturation steps and their potential function on hepatic differentiation in vitro and in vivo was determined. Exposure of rBM-MSCs to 1 μM TSA at both the differentiation and maturation steps considerably improved hepatic differentiation. TSA enhanced the development of the hepatocyte shape, promoted the chronological expression of hepatocyte-specific markers, and improved hepatic functions. In contrast, treatment of rBM-MSCs with 20 μM 5-aza-dC alone or in combination with TSA was ineffective in improving hepatic differentiation in vitro. TSA and/or 5-aza-dC derived hepatocytes-like cells failed to improve the therapeutic potential in liver damage. We conclude that HDACis enhance hepatic differentiation in a time-dependent manner, while DNMTis do not induce the hepatic differentiation of rBM-MSCs in vitro. Their in vivo function needs further investigation.
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Mehta A, Dobersch S, Romero-Olmedo AJ, Barreto G. Epigenetics in lung cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 34:229-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bolleyn J, Fraczek J, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. Epigenetic Modifications as Antidedifferentiation Strategy for Primary Hepatocytes in Culture. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1250:203-211. [PMID: 26272144 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2074-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A well-known problem of cultured primary hepatocytes is their rapid dedifferentiation. During the last years, several strategies to counteract this phenomenon have been developed, of which changing the in vitro environment is the most popular one. However, mimicking the in vivo setting in vitro by adding soluble media additives or the restoration of both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix contacts is not sufficient and only delays the dedifferentiation process instead of counteracting it. In this chapter, new strategies to prevent the deterioration of the liver-specific phenotype of primary hepatocytes in culture by targeting the (epi)genetic mechanisms that drive hepatocellular gene expression are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bolleyn
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Fan SH, Wang YY, Lu J, Zheng YL, Wu DM, Li MQ, Hu B, Zhang ZF, Cheng W, Shan Q. Luteoloside suppresses proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89961. [PMID: 24587153 PMCID: PMC3935965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multi-protein complex which when activated regulates caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. Inflammasome activation is mediated by NLR proteins that respond to stimuli. Among NLRs, NLRP3 senses the widest array of stimuli. NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the development of many cancer types. However, Whether NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. Here, the anticancer effect of luteoloside, a naturally occurring flavonoid isolated from the medicinal plant Gentiana macrophylla, against HCC cells and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Luteoloside significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Live-cell imaging and transwell assays showed that the migration and invasive capacities of HCC cells, which were treated with luteoloside, were significantly inhibited compared with the control cells. The inhibitory effect of luteoloside on metastasis was also observed in vivo in male BALB/c-nu/nu mouse lung metastasis model. Further studies showed that luteoloside could significantly reduce the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The decreased levels of ROS induced by luteoloside was accompanied by decrease in expression of NLRP3 inflammasome resulting in decrease in proteolytic cleavage of caspase-1. Inactivation of caspase-1 by luteoloside resulted in inhibition of IL-1β. Thus, luteoloside exerts its inhibitory effect on proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results indicate that luteoloside can be a potential therapeutic agent not only as an adjuvant therapy for HCC, but also, in the control and prevention of metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-yan Wang
- Department of Function Examination, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Dong-mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Godoy P, Hewitt NJ, Albrecht U, Andersen ME, Ansari N, Bhattacharya S, Bode JG, Bolleyn J, Borner C, Böttger J, Braeuning A, Budinsky RA, Burkhardt B, Cameron NR, Camussi G, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Craig Rowlands J, Dahmen U, Damm G, Dirsch O, Donato MT, Dong J, Dooley S, Drasdo D, Eakins R, Ferreira KS, Fonsato V, Fraczek J, Gebhardt R, Gibson A, Glanemann M, Goldring CEP, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Groothuis GMM, Gustavsson L, Guyot C, Hallifax D, Hammad S, Hayward A, Häussinger D, Hellerbrand C, Hewitt P, Hoehme S, Holzhütter HG, Houston JB, Hrach J, Ito K, Jaeschke H, Keitel V, Kelm JM, Kevin Park B, Kordes C, Kullak-Ublick GA, LeCluyse EL, Lu P, Luebke-Wheeler J, Lutz A, Maltman DJ, Matz-Soja M, McMullen P, Merfort I, Messner S, Meyer C, Mwinyi J, Naisbitt DJ, Nussler AK, Olinga P, Pampaloni F, Pi J, Pluta L, Przyborski SA, Ramachandran A, Rogiers V, Rowe C, Schelcher C, Schmich K, Schwarz M, Singh B, Stelzer EHK, Stieger B, Stöber R, Sugiyama Y, Tetta C, Thasler WE, Vanhaecke T, Vinken M, Weiss TS, Widera A, Woods CG, Xu JJ, Yarborough KM, Hengstler JG. Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1315-530. [PMID: 23974980 PMCID: PMC3753504 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1051] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Godoy
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melvin E. Andersen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Nariman Ansari
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Johannes Georg Bode
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bolleyn
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Böttger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert A. Budinsky
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Britta Burkhardt
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Neil R. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - J. Craig Rowlands
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - María Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jian Dong
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- INRIA (French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control), Domaine de Voluceau-Rocquencourt, B.P. 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, France
- UPMC University of Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, 4, pl. Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Rowena Eakins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karine Sá Ferreira
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- GRK 1104 From Cells to Organs, Molecular Mechanisms of Organogenesis, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Fonsato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Fraczek
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew Gibson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chris E. P. Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - María José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geny M. M. Groothuis
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetics Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Gustavsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (Malmö), Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christelle Guyot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hallifax
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Adam Hayward
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Hoehme
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institut für Biochemie Abteilung Mathematische Systembiochemie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | | | - Kiyomi Ito
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585 Japan
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - B. Kevin Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claus Kordes
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward L. LeCluyse
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Peng Lu
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | - Anna Lutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Maltman
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick McMullen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Meyer
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dean J. Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jingbo Pi
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Linda Pluta
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Stefan A. Przyborski
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cliff Rowe
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Celine Schelcher
- Department of Surgery, Liver Regeneration, Core Facility, Human in Vitro Models of the Liver, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Ernst H. K. Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Stöber
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, Yokohama Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ciro Tetta
- Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Thasler
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agata Widera
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Courtney G. Woods
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | | | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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10
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Ramboer E, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Vinken M. Primary hepatocyte cultures as prominent in vitro tools to study hepatic drug transporters. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 45:196-217. [PMID: 23368091 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2012.756010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Before any drug can be placed on the market, drug efficacy and safety must be ensured through rigorous testing. Animal models are used for this purpose, though currently increasing attention goes to the use of alternative in vitro systems. In particular, liver-based testing platforms that allow the prediction of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacotoxicological properties during the early phase of drug development are of interest. They also enable the screening of potential effects on hepatic drug transporters. The latter are known to affect drug metabolism and disposition, thereby possibly underlying drug-drug interactions, which, in turn, may result in liver toxicity. Clearly, stable in vivo-like functional expression of drug transporters in hepatic in vitro settings is a prerequisite to be applicable in routine PK and pharmacotoxicological testing. In the first part of the article, an updated overview of hepatic drug transporters is provided, followed by a state-of-the-art review of drug-transporter production and activity in primary hepatocyte cultures (PHCs), being the gold-standard in vitro system. Specific focus is hereby put on strategies to maintain long-term functional expression, in casu of drug transporters, in these systems. In the second part, the use of PHCs to assess hepatobiliary transport and transporter-mediated interactions is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramboer
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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11
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Fraczek J, Bolleyn J, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Vinken M. Primary hepatocyte cultures for pharmaco-toxicological studies: at the busy crossroad of various anti-dedifferentiation strategies. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:577-610. [PMID: 23242478 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Continuously increasing understanding of the molecular triggers responsible for the onset of diseases, paralleled by an equally dynamic evolution of chemical synthesis and screening methods, offers an abundance of pharmacological agents with a potential to become new successful drugs. However, before patients can benefit of newly developed pharmaceuticals, stringent safety filters need to be applied to weed out unfavourable drug candidates. Cost effectiveness and the need to identify compound liabilities, without exposing humans to unnecessary risks, has stimulated the shift of the safety studies to the earliest stages of drug discovery and development. In this regard, in vivo relevant organotypic in vitro models have high potential to revolutionize the preclinical safety testing. They can enable automation of the process, to match the requirements of high-throughput screening approaches, while satisfying ethical considerations. Cultures of primary hepatocytes became already an inherent part of the preclinical pharmaco-toxicological testing battery, yet their routine use, particularly for long-term assays, is limited by the progressive deterioration of liver-specific features. The availability of suitable hepatic and other organ-specific in vitro models is, however, of paramount importance in the light of changing European legal regulations in the field of chemical compounds of different origin, which gradually restrict the use of animal studies for safety assessment, as currently witnessed in cosmetic industry. Fortunately, research groups worldwide spare no effort to establish hepatic in vitro systems. In the present review, both classical and innovative methodologies to stabilize the in vivo-like hepatocyte phenotype in culture of primary hepatocytes are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fraczek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
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12
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Doktorova TY, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Vinken M, Vanhaecke T, van Delft J, Kleinjans J, Ahr HJ, Rogiers V. Comparison of genotoxicant-modified transcriptomic responses in conventional and epigenetically stabilized primary rat hepatocytes with in vivo rat liver data. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:1703-15. [PMID: 23052194 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of mechanistic toxicogenomics implies that compound-induced changes in gene expression profiles provide valuable information about their mode of action. A growing number of research groups have presented evidence that whole-genome gene expression profiling techniques might be used as tools for in vivo and in vitro generation of gene signatures and elucidation of molecular mechanisms after exposure to toxic compounds. An important issue to be investigated is the in vivo relevance of in vitro-obtained data. In the current study, we compare the gene expression profiles generated in vitro, after exposing conventional and epigenetically stabilized primary rat hepatocytes to well-known genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (aflatoxin B1, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and 2-nitrofluorene) with those derived in vivo after oral exposure of rats to these compounds. Similar statistical tools were applied on both sets of data. The major molecular pathways affected in the in vivo setting were DNA damage, detoxification and cell survival response, as previously described. In the conventional hepatocyte cultures, two of the three genotoxicants showed quite similar responses as in vivo with respect to these pathways. The third compound (2-nitrofluorene) revealed in vitro response which was not observed in vivo. In the epigenetically stabilized hepatocytes, in contrast to what was expected, the responses were less relevant for the in vivo situation. This study highlights the importance of in vitro/in vivo comparison of data that are generated using in vitro models and shows that conventional primary rat hepatocyte cultures represent an appropriate in vitro model to retrieve mechanistic information on the exposure to genotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Y Doktorova
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhar), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium.
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13
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Vinken M, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V. Primary hepatocyte cultures as in vitro tools for toxicity testing: quo vadis? Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:541-4. [PMID: 22261203 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cultures of primary hepatocytes are versatile tools that can serve many in vitro toxicity testing purposes. However, they cope with dedifferentiation, a process that is already initiated during the hepatocyte isolation procedure and that is manifested as the progressive loss of functionality upon subsequent cultivation. A number of strategies to prevent dedifferentiation have been introduced over the last decades, all which aim at re-establishing the in vivo hepatocyte micro-environment in vitro, but that are of merely limited success. Recent mechanistic insight into the mechanisms that underlie hepatocyte dedifferentiation has opened new avenues for the development of novel approaches that target the actual causes of this deteriorative process and thus for the generation of a long-term hepatic in vitro tool. Such experimental system is urgently needed, especially in the light of the stringent European legislative modifications that are currently encountered by the pharmaceutical, chemical and, particularly, the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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14
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Vinken M. Role of connexin-related signalling in hepatic homeostasis and its relevance for liver-based in vitro modelling. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2011; 2:82-7. [PMID: 22013553 PMCID: PMC3196623 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v2.i5.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions constitutes a major regulatory platform in the control of hepatic homeostasis. Hepatocellular gap junctions are composed of two hemichannels of adjacent cells which are built up by connexin proteins,
in casu Cx32. Mathieu Vinken, Pofessor at the Department of Toxicology of the Free University Brussels-Belgium, was one of the first investigators to demonstrate that hepatic connexin expression is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. In particular, he found that inhibitors of histone deacetylase enzymes enhance Cx32 production and gap junction activity in cultures of primary hepatocytes, a finding that is of importance for liver-based in vitro modelling. Professor Dr. Mathieu Vinken’s recent work is focussed on the elucidation of the role of connexin proteins and their channels in the hepatocyte life cycle. Specific attention is paid to apoptosis in this context, whereby it has been found that Cx32 hemichannels control the termination of induced cell death in cultures of primary hepatocytes. Overall, Professor Dr. Mathieu Vinken’s research can be considered as an important contribution to the field of hepatic connexin physiology.
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15
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Bolleyn J, Fraczek J, Vinken M, Lizarraga D, Gaj S, van Delft JHM, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. Effect of Trichostatin A on miRNA expression in cultures of primary rat hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1173-82. [PMID: 21513791 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was investigated on the microRNA (miR, miRNA) expression profile in cultured primary rat hepatocytes by means of microarray analysis. Simultaneously, albumin secretory capacity and morphological features of the hepatocytes were evaluated throughout the culture time. In total, 25 out of 348 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between freshly isolated hepatocytes and 7-day cultured cells. Nineteen of these miRNAs were connected with 'general metabolism'. miR-21 and miR-126 were shown to be the most up and down regulated miRs upon cultivation and could be linked to the proliferative response triggered in the hepatocytes upon their isolation from the liver. miR-379 and miR-143, on the other hand, were found to be the most up and down regulated miRs upon TSA treatment. Together with the higher expression of miR-122 observed in TSA-treated versus non-treated cultures, we hypothesize that the changes observed for miR-122, miR-143 and miR-379 could be related to the inhibitory effects of TSA on hepatocellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bolleyn
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Characterization of spontaneous cell death in monolayer cultures of primary hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:1589-96. [PMID: 21479951 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer cultures of primary hepatocytes, isolated from freshly removed livers, represent widely used in vitro tools in the area of liver physiology and pathology, pharmacology and toxicology. However, a major shortcoming of these systems is that they cope with dedifferentiation, which is accompanied by spontaneous cell death. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms that drive the process of self-generated cell demise in primary hepatocyte cultures. For this purpose, isolated rat hepatocytes were cultivated under conventional conditions, and the occurrence of apoptosis and necrosis was monitored during 4 days by performing a set of acknowledged cell death assays. These included examination of cell morphology by light microscopy, quantification of apoptotic and necrotic cell populations by Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide in situ staining, assessment of apoptotic and necrotic activities by measuring caspase 3-like activity and extracellular leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, and studying the expression of apoptosis regulators through immunoblot analysis. In essence, two cell death peaks were observed, namely shortly after cell seeding and in the final stages of the cultivation period, both involving apoptotic and necrotic actions. The outcome of this study not only sheds new light onto the molecular processes that underlie spontaneous cell death in primary hepatocyte cultures, but also opens perspectives for the establishment of strategies to increase cell survival in these popular in vitro systems.
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17
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Synergetic effects of DNA demethylation and histone deacetylase inhibition in primary rat hepatocytes. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1715-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Preservation of hepatocellular functionality in cultures of primary rat hepatocytes upon exposure to 4-Me2N-BAVAH, a hydroxamate-based HDAC-inhibitor. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 25:100-9. [PMID: 20932894 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Great efforts are being put in the development/optimization of reliable and highly predictive models for high-throughput screening of efficacy and toxicity of promising drug candidates. The use of primary hepatocyte cultures, however, is still limited by the occurrence of phenotypic alterations, including loss of xenobiotic biotransformation capacity. In the present study, the differentiation-stabilizing effect of a new histone deacetylase inhibitor 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzoyl)-aminovaleric acid hydroxamide (4-Me(2)N-BAVAH), a structural Trichostatin A (TSA)-analogue with a more favourable pharmaco-toxicological profile, was studied at a genome-wide scale by means of microarray analysis. Several genes coding for xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes were found to be positively regulated upon exposure to 4-Me(2)N-BAVAH. For CYP1A1/2B1/3A2, these observations were confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. In addition, significantly higher 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity levels were measured. These effects were accompanied by an increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)4α, but not of HNF1α. Finally, 4-Me(2)N-BAVAH was found to induce histone H3 acetylation at the proximal promoter of the albumin, CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 genes, suggesting that chromatin remodelling is directly involved in the transcriptional regulation of these genes. In conclusion, histone deacetylase inhibitors prove to be efficient agents for better maintaining a differentiated hepatic phenotype in rat hepatocyte cultures.
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19
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Evankovich J, Cho SW, Zhang R, Cardinal J, Dhupar R, Zhang L, Klune JR, Zlotnicki J, Billiar T, Tsung A. High mobility group box 1 release from hepatocytes during ischemia and reperfusion injury is mediated by decreased histone deacetylase activity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:39888-97. [PMID: 20937823 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.128348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mobilization and extracellular release of nuclear high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) by ischemic cells activates inflammatory pathways following liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In immune cells such as macrophages, post-translational modification by acetylation appears to be critical for active HMGB1 release. Hyperacetylation shifts its equilibrium from a predominant nuclear location toward cytosolic accumulation and subsequent release. However, mechanisms governing its release by parenchymal cells such as hepatocytes are unknown. In this study, we found that serum HMGB1 released following liver I/R in vivo is acetylated, and that hepatocytes exposed to oxidative stress in vitro also released acetylated HMGB1. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of enzymes that remove acetyl groups and control the acetylation status of histones and various intracellular proteins. Levels of acetylated HMGB1 increased with a concomitant decrease in total nuclear HDAC activity, suggesting that suppression in HDAC activity contributes to the increase in acetylated HMGB1 release after oxidative stress in hepatocytes. We identified the isoforms HDAC1 and HDAC4 as critical in regulating acetylated HMGB1 release. Activation of HDAC1 was decreased in the nucleus of hepatocytes undergoing oxidative stress. In addition, HDAC1 knockdown with siRNA promoted HMGB1 translocation and release. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HDAC4 is shuttled from the nucleus to cytoplasm in response to oxidative stress, resulting in decreased HDAC activity in the nucleus. Together, these findings suggest that decreased nuclear HDAC1 and HDAC4 activities in hepatocytes following liver I/R is a mechanism that promotes the hyperacetylation and subsequent release of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Evankovich
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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20
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Yang H, Nie Y, Li Y, Wan YJY. Histone modification-mediated CYP2E1 gene expression and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:32-9. [PMID: 20404016 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2009.009252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is rising due to alcohol drinking, hepatitis C viral infection and metabolic syndrome. Differential expression of CYP2E1 may play a pleiotropic role in the multistep process of liver carcinogenesis. Considerable attention has focused on the antitumor effect of trichostatin A (TSA) as well as CYP2E1 expression-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. However, very few studies have examined the mechanisms by which TSA has an antitumor effect and its association to CYP2E1 expression. The current study examined the action of TSA on CYP2E1 expression and the role of CYP2E1 in inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Our data showed that TSA selectively induced CYP2E1 in four studied human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (Huh7, PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B and HepG2), but not in normal primary human hepatocytes. TSA-mediated up-regulation of CYP2E1 expression was associated with histone H3 acetylation and the recruitment of HNF-1 and HNF-3beta to the CYP2E1 promoter in HepG2 cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments showed that TSA-induced caspase-3 cleavage was decreased due to reduced expression of CYP2E1 in HepG2 cells. Moreover, down-regulation of CYP2E1 was accompanied by decreased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that histone modification is involved in CYP2E1 gene expression and that CYP2E1-dependent mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a role in TSA-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, First Municipal's People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510180, China
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21
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Ellis JK, Chan PH, Doktorova T, Athersuch TJ, Cavill R, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Vinken M, Nicholson JK, M D Ebbels T, Keun HC. Effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a on the metabolome of cultured primary hepatocytes. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:413-9. [PMID: 19894772 DOI: 10.1021/pr9007656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing effects on cancer cells, and in cultures of primary hepatocytes has been shown to maintain xenobiotic metabolic capacity. Using an NMR-based metabolic profiling approach, we evaluated if the endogenous metabolome was stabilized and the normal metabolic phenotype retained in this model. Aqueous soluble metabolites were extracted from isolated rat hepatocytes after 44 and 92 h exposure to TSA (25 muM) together with time-matched controls and measured by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate analysis showed a clear difference in the global metabolic profile over time in control samples, while the TSA treated group was more closely clustered at both time points, suggesting that treatment reduced the time related effect on metabolism that was observed in the control. TSA treatment was associated with decreases in glycerophosphocholine, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, glycine and adenosine, an increase in glycogen, and a reduction in the decrease of inosine, hypoxanthine, and glutathione over time. Collectively, our data suggest that TSA treatment reduces the loss of a normal metabolic phenotype in cultured primary hepatocytes, improving the model as a tool to study endogenous liver metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and potentially affecting the accuracy of all biological assays in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Ellis
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Freidkin I, Herman M, Tobar A, Chagnac A, Ori Y, Korzets A, Gafter U. Effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on rat mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 298:F426-34. [PMID: 19923417 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00107.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) proliferate and produce extracellular matrix proteins in many progressive renal diseases. Recently, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) were shown to have antiproliferative and antifibrogenic effects in some in vitro and in vivo models. Using the [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation test, we have found that the HDI trichostatin A (TSA) effectively inhibits MC growth at nontoxic nanomolar concentrations. Similarly, the HDI valproic acid also inhibited MCs proliferation. Cell-cycle analysis indicated an arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase in response to TSA, which was accompanied by elevation in synthesis of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p21/Waf1 and p27/Kip1. TSA treatment suppressed alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-beta1, and collagen protein synthesis by MCs and induced myofibroblast-like appearance of proliferating MCs. In the in vivo model of the anti-Thy1.1-induced glomerulonephritis, TSA and valproic acid treatments significantly suppressed proteinuria. Collectively, these data suggest a therapeutic potential for HDIs in the treatment of mesangial proliferative diseases and glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Freidkin
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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23
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Kook SH, Son YO, Han SK, Lee HS, Kim BT, Jang YS, Choi KC, Lee KS, Kim SS, Lim JY, Jeon YM, Kim JG, Lee JC. Epstein-Barr virus-infected Akata cells are sensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA-provoked apoptosis. BMB Rep 2009; 38:755-62. [PMID: 16336792 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2005.38.6.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 90 % of the world's population and has a potential oncogenic nature. A histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), has shown potential ability in cancer chemoprevention and treatment, but its effect on EBV-infected Akata cells has not been examined. This study investigated the effect of TSA on the proliferation and apoptosis of the cells. TSA inhibited cell growth and induced cytotoxicity in the EBV-infected Akata cells. TSA treatment sensitively induced apoptosis in the cell, which was demonstrated by the increased number of positively stained cells in the TUNEL assay, the migration of many cells to the sub-G0/G1 phase in flow cytometric analysis, and the ladder formation of genomic DNA. Western blot analysis showed that caspase-dependent pathways are involved in the TSA-induced apoptosis of EBV-infected Akata cells. Overall, this study shows that EBV-infected B lymphomas are quite sensitive to TSA-provoked apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Kook
- Laboratory of Cell Biology in Department of Orthodontics and Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, Korea
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Snykers S, De Kock J, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. In vitro differentiation of embryonic and adult stem cells into hepatocytes: state of the art. Stem Cells 2009; 27:577-605. [PMID: 19056906 PMCID: PMC2729674 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are a unique source of self-renewing cells within the human body. Before the end of the last millennium, adult stem cells, in contrast to their embryonic counterparts, were considered to be lineage-restricted cells or incapable of crossing lineage boundaries. However, the unique breakthrough of muscle and liver regeneration by adult bone marrow stem cells at the end of the 1990s ended this long-standing paradigm. Since then, the number of articles reporting the existence of multipotent stem cells in skin, neuronal tissue, adipose tissue, and bone marrow has escalated, giving rise, both in vivo and in vitro, to cell types other than their tissue of origin. The phenomenon of fate reprogrammation and phenotypic diversification remains, though, an enigmatic and rare process. Understanding how to control both proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and their progeny is a challenge in many fields, going from preclinical drug discovery and development to clinical therapy. In this review, we focus on current strategies to differentiate embryonic, mesenchymal(-like), and liver stem/progenitor cells into hepatocytes in vitro. Special attention is paid to intracellular and extracellular signaling, genetic modification, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In addition, some recommendations are proposed to standardize, optimize, and enrich the in vitro production of hepatocyte-like cells out of stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Snykers
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
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Joanna F, van Grunsven LA, Mathieu V, Sarah S, Sarah D, Karin V, Tamara V, Vera R. Histone deacetylase inhibition and the regulation of cell growth with particular reference to liver pathobiology. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:2990-3005. [PMID: 19583816 PMCID: PMC4516460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional activity of genes largely depends on the accessibility of specific chromatin regions to transcriptional regulators. This process is controlled by diverse post-transcriptional modifications of the histone amino termini of which reversible acetylation plays a vital role. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are responsible for the addition of acetyl groups and histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyse the reverse reaction. In general, though not exclusively, histone acetylation is associated with a positive regulation of transcription, whereas histone deacetylation is correlated with transcriptional silencing. The elucidation of unequivocal links between aberrant action of HDACs and tumorigenesis lies at the base of key scientific importance of these enzymes. In particular, the potential benefit of HDAC inhibition has been confirmed in various tumour cell lines, demonstrating antiproliferative, differentiating and pro-apoptotic effects. Consequently, the dynamic quest for HDAC inhibitors (HDIs) as a new class of anticancer drugs was set off, resulting in a number of compounds that are currently evaluated in clinical trials. Ironically, the knowledge with respect to the expression pattern and function of individual HDAC isoenzymes remains largely elusive. In the present review, we provide an update of the current knowledge on the involvement of HDACs in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes in the liver, being the main site for drug metabolism within the body. Focus lies on the involvement of HDACs in the regulation of growth of normal and transformed hepatocytes and the transdifferentiation process of stellate cells. Furthermore, extrapolation of our present knowledge on HDAC functionality towards innovative treatment of malignant and non-malignant, hyperproliferative and inflammatory disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraczek Joanna
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Brussels, Belgium.
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26
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Snykers S, Henkens T, De Rop E, Vinken M, Fraczek J, De Kock J, De Prins E, Geerts A, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. Role of epigenetics in liver-specific gene transcription, hepatocyte differentiation and stem cell reprogrammation. J Hepatol 2009; 51:187-211. [PMID: 19457566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Controlling both growth and differentiation of stem cells and their differentiated somatic progeny is a challenge in numerous fields, from preclinical drug development to clinical therapy. Recently, new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms have unveiled key regulatory roles of epigenetic marks driving cellular pluripotency, differentiation and self-renewal/proliferation. Indeed, the transcription of genes, governing cell-fate decisions during development and maintenance of a cell's differentiated status in adult life, critically depends on the chromatin accessibility of transcription factors to genomic regulatory and coding regions. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic control of (liver-specific) gene-transcription and the intricate interplay between chromatin modulation, including histone (de)acetylation and DNA (de)methylation, and liver-enriched transcription factors. Special attention is paid to their role in directing hepatic differentiation of primary hepatocytes and stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Snykers
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Screening of amide analogues of Trichostatin A in cultures of primary rat hepatocytes: search for potent and safe HDAC inhibitors. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:338-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Reilly CM, Thomas M, Gogal R, Olgun S, Santo A, Sodhi R, Samy ET, Peng SL, Gilkeson GS, Mishra N. The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A upregulates regulatory T cells and modulates autoimmunity in NZB/W F1 mice. J Autoimmun 2008; 31:123-30. [PMID: 18650065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine if the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI), trichostatin A (TSA), would alter systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in NZB/W mice. Fourteen to sixteen-week-old female NZB/W F1 mice were given TSA (1.0mg/kg body weight (BW)) intraperitonealy (i.p.) daily, TSA (1.0mg/kg BW) i.p.+anti-CD25 (250mg/mouse) i.p. every third day, only anti-CD25 (250mg/mouse) i.p., DMSO or isotype IgG. Disease progression was assessed as they aged. Mice were sacrificed at 26 or 38 weeks of age, tissues collected and evaluated. At 36 weeks, TSA-treated animals had decreased anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) autoantibodies and decreased protein excretion compared to controls. Spleen size and the percentage of CD4+CD69+ cells were decreased, with an increase in CD4+CD25+ T cells in the TSA-treated mice. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of T cells showed a decrease in IL-6 production but an increase in TGF-beta1 and Foxp3 in the TSA-treated animals. Kidney analysis showed a decrease in IgG and C3 deposition, decrease in pathologic glomerular disease and renal MCP-1, MMP-9, and IL-6 mRNA expression. Anti-CD25-treated mice euthanized at 26 weeks of age showed decreased Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ T cells compared to TSA-treated mice. These data suggest TSA administration modulates lupus-like disease, in part, by increasing T regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, USA.
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Henkens T, Vinken M, Lukaszuk A, Tourwé D, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V. Differential effects of hydroxamate histone deacetylase inhibitors on cellular functionality and gap junctions in primary cultures of mitogen-stimulated hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 2008; 178:37-43. [PMID: 18358644 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitors are well known to induce proliferative blocks and concomitant differentiation boosts in a plethora of tumor cells. Despite their promising potential as clinical therapeutics, however, the biological outcome of HDAC-inhibitors in non-tumorous cells has been poorly documented. We previously reported that the HDAC-inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) and its metabolically more stable structural analogue 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzoyl)-aminovaleric acid hydroxamide (4-Me2N-BAVAH) cause cell cycle arrests in primary cultures of mitogen-stimulated hepatocytes. The present study was set up to explore whether this proliferative block in non-tumorous cells is also associated with inducing effects on the differentiated hepatocellular phenotype, a scenario that is usually observed in tumorous cells. In particular, the molecular actions of TSA and 4-Me2N-BAVAH on hepatic functionality and gap junctions, gatekeepers of liver homeostasis, in primary cultures of mitogen-stimulated hepatocytes are investigated. Both HDAC-inhibitors were found to promote albumin secretion and CYP1A1 gene transcription and functionality, whereas CYP2B1 gene transcription and activity were only slightly enhanced. The protein production of the gap junction component Cx26 was downregulated, whereas Cx32 expression was upregulated in response to HDAC-inhibition. Furthermore, TSA increased protein levels of the non-specific hepatocellular Cx43, whereas 4-Me2N-BAVAH rather diminished its expression. These data provide new insight into the biological impact of HDAC-inhibitors on the homeostatic balance in hepatocytes, being major executors of xenobiotic biotransformation and primary targets of drug-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Henkens
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Knutson SK, Chyla BJ, Amann JM, Bhaskara S, Huppert SS, Hiebert SW. Liver-specific deletion of histone deacetylase 3 disrupts metabolic transcriptional networks. EMBO J 2008; 27:1017-28. [PMID: 18354499 PMCID: PMC2323257 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) is an enzymatic component of transcriptional repression complexes recruited by the nuclear hormone receptors. Inactivation of Hdac3 in cancer cell lines triggered apoptosis, and removal of Hdac3 in the germ line of mice caused embryonic lethality. Therefore, we deleted Hdac3 in the postnatal mouse liver. These mice developed hepatomegaly, which was the result of hepatocyte hypertrophy, and these morphological changes coincided with significant imbalances between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Loss of Hdac3 triggered changes in gene expression consistent with inactivation of repression mediated by nuclear hormone receptors. Loss of Hdac3 also increased the levels of Ppar gamma2, and treatment of these mice with a Ppar gamma antagonist partially reversed the lipid accumulation in the liver. In addition, gene expression analysis identified mammalian target of rapamycin signalling as being activated after deletion of Hdac3, and inhibition by rapamycin affected the accumulation of neutral lipids in Hdac3-null livers. Thus, Hdac3 regulates metabolism through multiple signalling pathways in the liver, and deletion of Hdac3 disrupts normal metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Knutson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brenda J Chyla
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph M Amann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Srividya Bhaskara
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stacey S Huppert
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott W Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 512 Preston Research Building, 23rd and Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Tel.: +1 615 936 3582; Fax: +1 615 936 1790; E-mail:
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Papeleu P, Wullaert A, Elaut G, Henkens T, Vinken M, Laus G, Tourwé D, Beyaert R, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by the histone deacetylase inhibitor 4-Me2N-BAVAH induces an early G1 cell cycle arrest in primary hepatocytes. Cell Prolif 2007; 40:640-55. [PMID: 17877607 PMCID: PMC6496027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2007.00466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Benzoylaminoalkanohydroxamic acids, including 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzoyl)aminovaleric acid hydroxamide (4-Me(2)N-BAVAH), are structural analogues of Trichostatin A, a naturally occurring histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). 4-Me(2)N-BAVAH has been shown to induce histone hyperacetylation and to inhibit proliferation in Friend erythroleukaemia cells in vitro. However, the molecular mechanisms have remained unidentified. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we evaluated the effects of 4-Me(2)N-BAVAH on proliferation in non-malignant cells, namely epidermal growth factor-stimulated primary rat hepatocytes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We have found that 4-Me(2)N-BAVAH inhibits HDAC activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations and prevents cells from responding to the mitogenic stimuli of epidermal growth factor. This results in an early G(1) cell cycle arrest that is independent of p21 activity, but instead can be attributed to inhibition of cyclin D1 transcription through a mechanism involving inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB activation. In addition, 4-Me(2)N-BAVAH delays the onset of spontaneous apoptosis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures as evidenced by down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bid and Bax, and inhibition of caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Papeleu
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Henkens T, Vinken M, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V. Modulation of CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 expression upon cell cycle progression in cultures of primary rat hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1253-7. [PMID: 17560764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary cultures of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated hepatocytes are a valuable tool to study the regulation of hepatocyte proliferation. As progression through the cell cycle is generally associated with a reduction in liver-specific functions, we studied the effects of a proliferative response triggered by EGF on the albumin secretion and urea production, and on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP2B1 expression and their corresponding 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (PROD) activities. It was found that cell cycle entry is associated with decreased albumin secretion and urea production. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that in hepatocytes cultured under proliferative conditions, the protein expression of CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 was substantially decreased, as well as the CYP2B-mediated PROD activity. In contrast, EROD activity was not altered. In addition, the expression levels of the liver enriched transcription factors (LETFs) hepatic nuclear factor (HNF) 3beta and HNF4alpha were downregulated under proliferative conditions, whereas the expression of HNF1alpha remained constant. In conclusion, we show that in cultured primary hepatocytes, cell cycle progression significantly modulates albumin secretion, urea production and CYP-mediated biotransformation, probably involving transcriptional regulation by hepatic nuclear factors. Therefore, in order to maintain primary hepatocytes functional in culture, cell cycle inhibition must be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Henkens
- Department of Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Lu YS, Kashida Y, Kulp SK, Wang YC, Wang D, Hung JH, Tang M, Lin ZZ, Chen TJ, Cheng AL, Chen CS. Efficacy of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor in murine models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2007; 46:1119-30. [PMID: 17654699 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, yet effective therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. This study was aimed at assessing the antitumor effect of a novel phenylbutyrate-derived histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, OSU-HDAC42, vis-à-vis suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), in in vitro and in vivo models of human HCC. OSU-HDAC42 was several times more potent than SAHA in suppressing the viability of PLC5, Huh7, and Hep3B cells with submicromolar median inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values. With respect to SAHA, OSU-HDAC42 exhibited greater apoptogenic potency, which was associated with reduced levels of the apoptotic regulators phosphorylated Akt B-cell lymphoma-xL, survivin, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2. The in vivo efficacy of OSU-HDAC42 versus SAHA was assessed in orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft tumor models in athymic nude mice. Daily oral treatments with OSU-HDAC42 and SAHA, both at 25 mg/kg, suppressed the growth of orthotopic PLC5 tumor xenografts by 91% and 66%, respectively, and of established subcutaneous PLC5 tumor xenografts by 85% and 56%, respectively. This differential tumor suppression correlated with the modulation of intratumoral biomarkers associated with HDAC inhibition and apoptosis regulation. Moreover, the oral administration of OSU-HDAC42 at 50 mg/kg every other day markedly suppressed ectopic tumor growth in mice bearing large tumor burdens (500 mm(3)) at the start of treatment. CONCLUSION OSU-HDAC42 is a potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of HDAC with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity that includes targets regulating multiple aspects of cancer cell survival. These results suggest that OSU-HDAC42 has clinical value in therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Shen Lu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Vinken M, Henkens T, Snykers S, Lukaszuk A, Tourwé D, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. The novel histone deacetylase inhibitor 4-Me2N-BAVAH differentially affects cell junctions between primary hepatocytes. Toxicology 2007; 236:92-102. [PMID: 17482745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show great pharmaceutical potential, particularly in relation to cancer. However, very little is known about their biological outcome on hepatocytes, the major executors of xenobiotic biotransformation in the organism. The current study was set up to investigate the effects of the newly synthesized HDAC inhibitor 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzoyl)-aminovaleric acid hydroxamate (4-Me(2)N-BAVAH) on hepatocyte gap junctions and adherens junctions, being main guardians of liver homeostasis. For that purpose, freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were cultivated for 7 days either in the absence or presence of 50 microM 4-Me(2)N-BAVAH. Gap junction activity became promoted upon exposure to 4-Me(2)N-BAVAH, which was associated with elevated Cx32 protein levels. By contrast, both Cx26 and Cx43 protein levels were negatively affected. The modifications in connexin protein content were not reflected at the transcriptional level. Finally, neither the expressions nor the cellular localizations of the adherens junction building stones E-cadherin, beta-catenin and gamma-catenin were altered by 4-Me(2)N-BAVAH, a finding that is in contrast to what is commonly observed in tumor cells following exposure to HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Snykers S, Vanhaecke T, De Becker A, Papeleu P, Vinken M, Van Riet I, Rogiers V. Chromatin remodeling agent trichostatin A: a key-factor in the hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived of adult bone marrow. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2007; 7:24. [PMID: 17407549 PMCID: PMC1852547 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-7-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The capability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) derived of adult bone marrow to undergo in vitro hepatic differentiation was investigated. Results Exposure of hMSC to a cocktail of hepatogenic factors [(fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-transferrin-sodium-selenite (ITS) and dexamethasone)] failed to induce hepatic differentiation. Sequential exposure to these factors (FGF-4, followed by HGF, followed by HGF+ITS+dexamethasone), however, resembling the order of secretion during liver embryogenesis, induced both glycogen-storage and cytokeratin (CK)18 expression. Additional exposure of the cells to trichostatin A (TSA) considerably improved endodermal differentiation, as evidenced by acquisition of an epithelial morphology, chronological expression of hepatic proteins, including hepatocyte-nuclear factor (HNF)-3β, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), CK18, albumin (ALB), HNF1α, multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)2 and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α, and functional maturation, i.e. upregulated ALB secretion, urea production and inducible cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activity. Conclusion hMSC are able to undergo mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. TSA is hereby essential to promote differentiation of hMSC towards functional hepatocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Snykers
- Dept. Toxicology., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Dept. Toxicology., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann De Becker
- Dept. Medical Oncology and Hematology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Academic. Hospital, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peggy Papeleu
- Dept. Toxicology., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Dept. Toxicology., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Van Riet
- Dept. Medical Oncology and Hematology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Academic. Hospital, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Dept. Toxicology., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
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Snykers S, Vinken M, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. Differential role of epigenetic modulators in malignant and normal stem cells: a novel tool in preclinical in vitro toxicology and clinical therapy. Arch Toxicol 2007; 81:533-44. [PMID: 17387455 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-007-0195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are primitive cells that undergo asymmetric division, thereby giving rise to one clonogenic, self-renewing cell and one cell able to undergo multipotent differentiation. Disturbance of this controlled process by epigenetic alterations, including imbalance of histone acetylation/histone deacetylation and DNA methylation/demethylation, may result in uncontrolled growth, formation of self-renewing malignant stem cells and eventually cancer. In view of this notion, several epigenetic modulators, in particular those with histone deacetylase inhibiting activity, are currently being tested in phase I and II clinical trials for their promising chemotherapeutic properties in cancer therapy. As chromatin modulation is also involved in regulation of differentiation, normal development, embryonic and adult stem cell functions and maintenance of their plasticity during embryonic organogenesis, the question can be raised whether predestined cell fate can be modified through epigenetic interference. And if so, could this strategy enforce adult stem cells to differentiate into different types of functional cells? In particular, functional hepatocytes seem important for preclinical toxicity screening of candidate drugs. This paper reviews the potential use and relevance of epigenetic modifiers, including inhibitors of histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases (1) to change cell fate and 'trans'differentiate normal adult stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells and (2) to cure disorders, caused by uncontrolled growth of malignant stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Snykers
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Elaut G, Laus G, Alexandre E, Richert L, Bachellier P, Tourwé D, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. A Metabolic Screening Study of Trichostatin A (TSA) and TSA-Like Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Rat and Human Primary Hepatocyte Cultures. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 321:400-8. [PMID: 17218485 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.116202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxamic acid (HA)-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, with trichostatin A (TSA) as the reference compound, are potential antitumoral drugs and show promise in the creation of long-term primary cell cultures. However, their metabolic properties have barely been investigated. TSA is rapidly inactivated in rodents both in vitro and in vivo. We previously found that 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzoyl)aminovaleric acid hydroxyamide or 4-Me2N-BAVAH (compound 1) is metabolically more stable upon incubation with rat hepatocyte suspensions. In this study, we show that human hepatocytes also metabolize TSA more rapidly than compound 1 and that similar pathways are involved. Furthermore, structural analogs of compound 1 (compounds 2-9) are reported to have the same favorable metabolic properties. Removal of the dimethylamino substituent of compound 1 creates a very stable but 50% less potent inhibitor. Chain lengthening (4 to 5 carbon spacer) slightly improves both potency and metabolic stability, favoring HA reduction to hydrolysis. On the other hand, Calpha-unsaturation and spacer methylation not only reduce HDAC inhibition but also increase the rate of metabolic inactivation approximately 2-fold, mainly through HA reduction. However, in rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures, compound 1 is shown to be extensively metabolized by phase II conjugation. In conclusion, this study suggests that simple structural modifications of amide-linked TSA analogs can improve their phase I metabolic stability in both rat and human hepatocyte suspensions. Phase II glucuronidation, however, can compensate for their lower phase I metabolism in rat hepatocyte monolayers and could play a yet unidentified role in the determination of their in vivo clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Elaut
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Vinken M, Papeleu P, Snykers S, De Rop E, Henkens T, Chipman JK, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. Involvement of cell junctions in hepatocyte culture functionality. Crit Rev Toxicol 2006; 36:299-318. [PMID: 16809101 DOI: 10.1080/10408440600599273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In liver, like in other multicellular systems, the establishment of cellular contacts is a prerequisite for normal functioning. In particular, well-defined cell junctions between hepatocytes, including adherens junctions, desmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions, are known to play key roles in the performance of liver-specific functionality. In a first part of this review article, we summarize the current knowledge concerning cell junctions and their roles in hepatic (patho)physiology. In a second part, we discuss their relevance in liver-based in vitro modeling, thereby highlighting the use of primary hepatocyte cultures as suitable in vitro models for preclinical pharmaco-toxicological testing. We further describe the actual strategies to regain and maintain cell junctions in these in vitro systems over the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Vinken M, Henkens T, Vanhaecke T, Papeleu P, Geerts A, Van Rossen E, Chipman JK, Meda P, Rogiers V. Trichostatin a enhances gap junctional intercellular communication in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2006; 91:484-92. [PMID: 16531468 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) on connexin (Cx) expression and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) were investigated in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. GJIC was monitored by using the scrape-loading/dye transfer method. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry were used to investigate Cx protein levels and localization. Cx gene expression was studied by means of quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. TSA increased Cx32 protein levels and affected negatively the Cx26 protein levels. The latter was preferentially located in the cytosol of cultured cells. TSA also promoted the appearance of Cx43 in the nuclear compartment of primary cultured hepatocytes. Overall, this resulted in enhanced GJIC activity. It is important to note that the time of onset of TSA treatment was crucial for the extent of its outcome and that the effects of TSA on Cx protein levels occurred independently of transcriptional changes. TSA differentially affects Cx proteins in primary rat hepatocyte cultures, suggesting distinct regulation and/or distinct roles of the different Cx species in the control of hepatic homeostasis. TSA enhances GJIC between primary cultured rat hepatocytes, an interesting finding supporting its use to further optimize liver-based in vitro models for pharmacotoxicological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Son YO, Choi KC, Lee JC, Kook SH, Lee HJ, Jeon YM, Kim JG, Kim J, Lee WK, Jang YS. Involvement of caspase activation and mitochondrial stress in trichostatin A-induced apoptosis of Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Akata. J Cell Biochem 2006; 99:1420-30. [PMID: 16817225 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 90% of the human population and has a potential oncogenic nature. Trichostatin A (TSA) has potent antitumor activity, but its exact mechanism on EBV-infected cells is unclear. This study examined the effects of TSA on proliferation and apoptosis of the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Akata. TSA treatment inhibited cell growth and induced cytotoxicity in both the EBV-negative and -positive Akata cells. TSA sensitively induced apoptosis in both cells, as demonstrated by the increased number of positively stained cells in the TUNEL assay, the migration of many cells to sub-G1 phase by flow cytometric analysis, and the formation of DNA ladders. This suggests that EBV has no effect on the sensitivity to TSA. Western blot analysis showed that the cleavage of PARP and Bid and the activation of caspases are closely related to the TSA-induced apoptosis of the cells. The reduction in mitochondrial transition potential and the release of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria to cytosol was also observed after the TSA treatment, but was suppressed by treating the cells with a cathepsin B inhibitor. Overall, these findings suggest that besides the caspase-dependent pathway, mitochondrial events are also associated with the TSA-induced apoptosis of Akata cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- Division of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, Korea
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Vanommeslaeghe K, Loverix S, Geerlings P, Tourwé D. DFT-based ranking of zinc-binding groups in histone deacetylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6070-82. [PMID: 16006131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2005] [Revised: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have recently attracted considerable interest as targets in the treatment of cell proliferative diseases such as cancer. In the present work, a general framework is proposed for chemical groups that bind into the HDAC catalytic core. Based on this framework, a series of groups was selected for further investigation. A method was developed to rank the HDAC inhibitory potential of these moieties at the B3LYP/6-31G* level, making use of extra diffuse functions and of the PCM solvation model where appropriate. The resulting binding geometries indicate that very stringent constraints should be satisfied in order to have bidental zinc chelation, and even more so to have a strong binding affinity, which makes it difficult to predict the binding mode and affinity of such zinc-binding groups. The chemical hardness and the pK(a) were identified as important criteria for the binding affinity. Also, the hydrophilicity may have a direct influence on the binding affinity. The calculated binding energies were qualitatively validated with experimental results from the literature, and were shown to be meaningful for the purpose of ranking. Additionally, the insights gained from the present work may be useful for increasing the accuracy of QSAR models by providing a rational basis for selecting descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vanommeslaeghe
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Organic Chemistry Group, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium.
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Papeleu P, Vanhaecke T, Elaut G, Vinken M, Henkens T, Snykers S, Rogiers V. Differential effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors in tumor and normal cells-what is the toxicological relevance? Crit Rev Toxicol 2005; 35:363-78. [PMID: 15989141 DOI: 10.1080/10408440590935639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors target key steps of tumor development: They inhibit proliferation, induce differentiation and/or apoptosis, and exhibit potent antimetastatic and antiangiogenic properties in transformed cells in vitro and in vivo. Preliminary studies in animal models have revealed a relatively high tumor selectivity of HDAC inhibitors, strenghtening their promising potential in cancer chemotherapy. Until now, preclinical in vitro research has almost exclusively been performed in cancer cell lines and oncogene-transformed cells. However, as cell proliferation and apoptosis are essential for normal tissue and organ homeostasis, it is important to investigate how HDAC inhibitors influence the regulation of and interplay between proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in primary cells as well. This review highlights the discrepancies in molecular events triggered by trichostatin A, the reference compound of hydroxamic acid-containing HDAC inhibitors, in hepatoma cells and primary hepatocytes (which are key targets for drug-induced toxicity). The implications of these differential outcomes in both cell types are discussed with respect to both toxicology and drug development. In view of the future use of HDAC inhibitors as cytostatic drugs, it is highly recommended to include both tumor cells and their healthy counterparts in preclinical developmental studies. Screening the toxicological properties of compounds early in their development process, using a battery of different cell types, will enable researchers to discard those compounds bearing undesirable adverse activity before entering into expensive clinical trials. This will not only reduce the risk for harmful exposure of patients but also save time and money.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Papeleu
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Vanommeslaeghe K, De Proft F, Loverix S, Tourwé D, Geerlings P. Theoretical study revealing the functioning of a novel combination of catalytic motifs in histone deacetylase. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:3987-92. [PMID: 15878665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have recently attracted considerable interest as targets in the treatment of cell proliferative diseases such as cancer. In the present work, the chemical properties of the active site of HDAC were theoretically investigated at a high computational level. Evidence was gathered for a novel catalytic mechanism, which differs from a previous proposal in the native protonation state of the His-Asp dyads, and in the deprotonation of water as a distinct step in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vanommeslaeghe
- General Chemistry Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Armeanu S, Pathil A, Venturelli S, Mascagni P, Weiss TS, Göttlicher M, Gregor M, Lauer UM, Bitzer M. Apoptosis on hepatoma cells but not on primary hepatocytes by histone deacetylase inhibitors valproate and ITF2357. J Hepatol 2005; 42:210-7. [PMID: 15664246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Revised: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Due to a particular resistance against conventional chemotherapeutics, palliative treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) is highly ineffective. Recent demonstration of both proliferation-inhibition and apoptosis of hepatoma cells by a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC-I) treatment opens up a promising new approach. However, little is known about tumor cell death mechanisms and HDAC-I influences on healthy hepatocytes. METHODS HDAC-I substances with favourable in vivo profiles, valproate (VPA) and ITF2357, were investigated on HCC cell lines and primary human hepatocytes (PHH). Histone acetylation and apoptosis-modulating proteins were investigated by western-blotting, proliferation by sulforhodamin B binding, toxicity by enzyme release, apoptosis by FACS analysis. RESULTS VPA and ITF2357 inhibited proliferation in HCC cell lines. Both substances induced considerable cellular damage in HCC-derived cells, but PHH tolerated these substances well. A downregulation of anti- and upregulation of proapoptotic factors was found. Moreover, Bcl-X(L) transfection into HCC cells abrogated apoptosis induced by both substances, indicating that modulation of intracellular pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins is a key event in VPA or ITF2357 induced tumor-cell death. CONCLUSIONS Preferential induction of cell death in HCC-derived cell lines, without toxicity in PHH, demonstrates the potential of VPA and ITF2357 to become promising new tools in the fight against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Armeanu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Clinic, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Vanhaecke T, Henkens T, Kass GEN, Rogiers V. Effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A on spontaneous apoptosis in various types of adult rat hepatocyte cultures. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:753-60. [PMID: 15276083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2003] [Accepted: 05/07/2004] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation and deacetylation of histones, catalysed by histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylases (HDAC), respectively, are known to be involved in gene expression regulation. Here, the effect on the activity and expression of several apoptosis-related proteins of trichostatin A (TSA), a well-known HDAC inhibitor, were studied in short-term (conventional monolayer) and long-term cultured (collagen I gel sandwich cultures and co-cultures) adult rat hepatocytes. No significant effects of TSA on the caspase-3-like activity were seen in rat hepatocytes cultured in a sandwich configuration or in a co-culture with rat liver epithelial cells of primitive biliary origin. In both culture models, the basal level of apoptosis was found to be much lower than in control monolayer cultures. In the latter system, it was found that, after 4 days of culture, TSA decreased the levels of caspase-3 (both proform and p17 fragment) and of the pro-apoptotic protein Bid. No effect of TSA was found on the expression of Bax. As expected, a TSA-mediated increase of acetylated histones H3 and H4 was observed in all culture systems examined. In addition, in the presence of TSA, increased albumin secretion and cytochrome P450 1A1/2 and 2B1-dependent enzyme activities were found in conventional cultures after 7 days. In conclusion, TSA delayed the occurrence of apoptosis and loss of liver specific functions in conventional hepatocyte monolayers. In contrast, in hepatocyte culture models in which spontaneous apoptosis is already minimised through the addition of either extracellular matrix components (sandwich cultures) or non-parenchymal liver cells (co-cultures), TSA did not have any additional anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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