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Torres R, Hidalgo C. Subcellular localization and transcriptional regulation of brain ryanodine receptors. Functional implications. Cell Calcium 2023; 116:102821. [PMID: 37949035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyR) are intracellular Ca2+ channels localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, where they act as critical mediators of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ calcium release (CICR). In the brain, mammals express in both neurons, and non-neuronal cells, a combination of the three RyR-isoforms (RyR1-3). Pharmacological approaches, which do not distinguish between isoforms, have indicated that RyR-isoforms contribute to brain function. However, isoform-specific manipulations have revealed that RyR-isoforms display different subcellular localizations and are differentially associated with neuronal function. These findings raise the need to understand RyR-isoform specific transcriptional regulation, as this knowledge will help to elucidate the causes of neuronal dysfunction for a growing list of brain disorders that show altered RyR channel expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Torres
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lago Panguipulli 1390, 5501842, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Department of Neurosciences. Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380000, Chile
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2
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KIMURA M, SHODA A, MURATA M, HARA Y, YONOICHI S, ISHIDA Y, MANTANI Y, YOKOYAMA T, HIRANO T, IKENAKA Y, HOSHI N. Neurotoxicity and behavioral disorders induced in mice by acute exposure to the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:497-506. [PMID: 36858584 PMCID: PMC10139785 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamide insecticides activate ryanodine receptors expressed in lepidopteran skeletal muscle and promote Ca2+ release in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, causing abnormal contractions and paralysis, leading to death of the pest. Although they had been thought not to act on nontarget organisms, including mammals, adverse effects on vertebrates were recently reported, raising concerns about their safety in humans. We investigated the neurotoxicity of the acute no-observed-adverse-effect level of chlorantraniliprole (CAP), a diamide insecticide, in mice using clothianidin (CLO), a neonicotinoid insecticide, as a positive control. The CLO-administered group showed decreased locomotor activities, increased anxiety-like behaviors, and abnormal human-audible vocalizations, while the CAP-administered group showed anxiety-like behaviors but no change in locomotor activities. The CAP-administered group had greater numbers of c-fos-immunoreactive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and similar to the results in a CLO-administered group in our previous study. Blood corticosterone levels increased in the CLO-administered group but did not change in the CAP-administered group. Additionally, CAP was found to decreased 3-Methoxytyramine and histamine in mice at the time to maximum concentration. These results suggest that CAP-administered mice are less vulnerable to stress than CLO-administered mice, and the first evidence that CAP exposure increases neuronal activity and induces anxiety-like behavior as well as neurotransmitter disturbances in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako KIMURA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Asuka SHODA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Midori MURATA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Yukako HARA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Sakura YONOICHI
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Yuya ISHIDA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Youhei MANTANI
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science,
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi YOKOYAMA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Tetsushi HIRANO
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama,
Japan
| | - Yoshinori IKENAKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido,
Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and
Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nobuhiko HOSHI
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
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Vega-Vásquez I, Lobos P, Toledo J, Adasme T, Paula-Lima A, Hidalgo C. Hippocampal dendritic spines express the RyR3 but not the RyR2 ryanodine receptor isoform. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 633:96-103. [PMID: 36344175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a brain region implicated in synaptic plasticity and memory formation; both processes require neuronal Ca2+ signals generated by Ca2+ entry via plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Through Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, the ER-resident ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ channels amplify and propagate Ca2+ entry signals, leading to activation of cytoplasmic and nuclear Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways required for synaptic plasticity and memory processes. Earlier reports have shown that mice and rat hippocampus expresses mainly the RyR2 isoform, with lower expression levels of the RyR3 isoform and almost undetectable levels of the RyR1 isoform; both the RyR2 and RyR3 isoforms have central roles in synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory processes. Here, we describe that dendritic spines of rat primary hippocampal neurons express the RyR3 channel isoform, which is also expressed in the neuronal body and neurites. In contrast, the RyR2 isoform, which is widely expressed in the neuronal body and neurites of primary hippocampal neurons, is absent from the dendritic spines. We propose that this asymmetric distribution is of relevance for hippocampal neuronal function. We suggest that the RyR3 isoform amplifies activity-generated Ca2+ entry signals at postsynaptic dendritic spines, from where they propagate to the dendrite and activate primarily RyR2-mediated Ca2+ release, leading to Ca2+ signal propagation into the soma and the nucleus where they activate the expression of genes that mediate synaptic plasticity and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Vega-Vásquez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Scientific Equipment Network (REDECA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Lobos
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Advanced Scientific Equipment Network (REDECA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tatiana Adasme
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging (CIES), Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Spatial Learning Is Associated with Antagonist Outcomes for DNA Methylation and DNA Hydroxymethylation in the Transcriptional Regulation of the Ryanodine Receptor 3. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:9930962. [PMID: 34434232 PMCID: PMC8380497 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9930962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been drawn to the role that intracellular calcium stores play in neuronal function. Ryr3 is an intracellular calcium channel that contributes to hippocampal long-term potentiation, dendritic spine function, and higher cognitive processes. Interestingly, stimuli that increase neuronal activity upregulate the transcriptional activity of Ryr3 and augment DNA methylation in its proximal promoter. However, if these observations are valid for complex behavioral tasks such as learning and memory remains being evaluated. Relative expression analysis revealed that spatial learning increased the hippocampal levels of Ryr3, whereas mice trained using a visible platform that resulted in no spatial association showed reduced expression. Interestingly, we also observed that specific DNA modifications accompanied these opposite transcriptional changes. Increased DNA methylation was observed in hippocampal samples from spatially trained mice, and increased DNA hydroxymethylation was found in samples from mice trained using a visible platform. Both DNA modifications were not altered in control regions, suggesting that these changes are not generalized, but rather specific modifications associated with this calcium channel's transcriptional regulation. Our two experimental groups underwent the same physical task differing only in the spatial learning component, highlighting the tight relationship between DNA modifications and transcriptional activity in a relevant context such as behavioral training. Our results complement previous observations and suggest that DNA modifications are a reliable signal for the transcriptional activity of Ryr3 and can be useful to understand how conditions such as aging and neuropathological diseases determine altered Ryr3 expression.
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Ben-Yehuda H, Arad M, Peralta Ramos JM, Sharon E, Castellani G, Ferrera S, Cahalon L, Colaiuta SP, Salame TM, Schwartz M. Key role of the CCR2-CCL2 axis in disease modification in a mouse model of tauopathy. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:39. [PMID: 34172073 PMCID: PMC8234631 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, dementia has been characterized by accumulation of waste in the brain and low-grade inflammation. Over the years, emerging studies highlighted the involvement of the immune system in neurodegenerative disease emergence and severity. Numerous studies in animal models of amyloidosis demonstrated the beneficial role of monocyte-derived macrophages in mitigating the disease, though less is known regarding tauopathy. Boosting the immune system in animal models of both amyloidosis and tauopathy, resulted in improved cognitive performance and in a reduction of pathological manifestations. However, a full understanding of the chain of events that is involved, starting from the activation of the immune system, and leading to disease mitigation, remained elusive. Here, we hypothesized that the brain-immune communication pathway that is needed to be activated to combat tauopathy involves monocyte mobilization via the C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)/CCL2 axis, and additional immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, including FOXP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells. METHODS We used DM-hTAU transgenic mice, a mouse model of tauopathy, and applied an approach that boosts the immune system, via blocking the inhibitory Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 pathway, a manipulation previously shown to alleviate disease symptoms and pathology. An anti-CCR2 monoclonal antibody (αCCR2), was used to block the CCR2 axis in a protocol that partially eliminates monocytes from the circulation at the time of anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) injection, and for the critical period of their recruitment into the brain following treatment. RESULTS Performance of DM-hTAU mice in short-term and working memory tasks, revealed that the beneficial effect of αPD-L1, assessed 1 month after a single injection, was abrogated following blockade of CCR2. This was accompanied by the loss of the beneficial effect on disease pathology, assessed by measurement of cortical aggregated human tau load using Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence-based immunoassay, and by evaluation of hippocampal neuronal survival. Using both multiparametric flow cytometry, and Cytometry by Time Of Flight, we further demonstrated the accumulation of FOXP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells in the brain, 12 days following the treatment, which was absent subsequent to CCR2 blockade. In addition, measurement of hippocampal levels of the T-cell chemoattractant, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (Cxcl12), and of inflammatory cytokines, revealed that αPD-L1 treatment reduced their expression, while blocking CCR2 reversed this effect. CONCLUSIONS The CCR2/CCL2 axis is required to modify pathology using PD-L1 blockade in a mouse model of tauopathy. This modification involves, in addition to monocytes, the accumulation of FOXP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells in the brain, and the T-cell chemoattractant, Cxcl12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Arad
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Efrat Sharon
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giulia Castellani
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shir Ferrera
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liora Cahalon
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Tomer-Meir Salame
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Bauerová-Hlinková V, Hajdúchová D, Bauer JA. Structure and Function of the Human Ryanodine Receptors and Their Association with Myopathies-Present State, Challenges, and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184040. [PMID: 32899693 PMCID: PMC7570887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are serious, life-threatening diseases associated with the dysregulation of Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. This dysregulation often arises from dysfunction of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), the principal Ca2+ release channel. Dysfunction of RyR1, the skeletal muscle isoform, also results in less severe, but also potentially life-threatening syndromes. The RYR2 and RYR1 genes have been found to harbor three main mutation “hot spots”, where mutations change the channel structure, its interdomain interface properties, its interactions with its binding partners, or its dynamics. In all cases, the result is a defective release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myocyte cytoplasm. Here, we provide an overview of the most frequent diseases resulting from mutations to RyR1 and RyR2, briefly review some of the recent experimental structural work on these two molecules, detail some of the computational work describing their dynamics, and summarize the known changes to the structure and function of these receptors with particular emphasis on their N-terminal, central, and channel domains.
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Calcium-induced calcium release and type 3 ryanodine receptors modulate the slow afterhyperpolarising current, sIAHP, and its potentiation in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230465. [PMID: 32559219 PMCID: PMC7304577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow afterhyperpolarising current, sIAHP, is a Ca2+-dependent current that plays an important role in the late phase of spike frequency adaptation. sIAHP is activated by voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, while the contribution of calcium from ryanodine-sensitive intracellular stores, released by calcium-induced calcium release (CICR), is controversial in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Three types of ryanodine receptors (RyR1-3) are expressed in the hippocampus, with RyR3 showing a predominant expression in CA1 neurons. We investigated the specific role of CICR, and particularly of its RyR3-mediated component, in the regulation of the sIAHP amplitude and time course, and the activity-dependent potentiation of the sIAHP in rat and mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons. Here we report that enhancement of CICR by caffeine led to an increase in sIAHP amplitude, while inhibition of CICR by ryanodine caused a small, but significant reduction of sIAHP. Inhibition of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ stores by ryanodine or depletion by the SERCA pump inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid caused a substantial attenuation in the sIAHP activity-dependent potentiation in both rat and mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neurons from mice lacking RyR3 receptors exhibited a sIAHP with features undistinguishable from wild-type neurons, which was similarly reduced by ryanodine. However, the lack of RyR3 receptors led to a faster and reduced activity-dependent potentiation of sIAHP. We conclude that ryanodine receptor-mediated CICR contributes both to the amplitude of the sIAHP at steady state and its activity-dependent potentiation in rat and mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons. In particular, we show that RyR3 receptors play an essential and specific role in shaping the activity-dependent potentiation of the sIAHP. The modulation of activity-dependent potentiation of sIAHP by RyR3-mediated CICR contributes to plasticity of intrinsic neuronal excitability and is likely to play a critical role in higher cognitive functions, such as learning and memory.
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Ben-Yehuda H, Matcovitch-Natan O, Kertser A, Spinrad A, Prinz M, Amit I, Schwartz M. Maternal Type-I interferon signaling adversely affects the microglia and the behavior of the offspring accompanied by increased sensitivity to stress. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1050-1067. [PMID: 31772304 PMCID: PMC7192855 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection during pregnancy is often associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. In mice, exposure of pregnant dams to the viral mimetic poly(I:C), serves as a model that simulates such pathology in the offspring, through a process known as Maternal Immune Activation (MIA). To investigate the mechanism of such effect, we hypothesized that maternal upregulation of Type-I interferon (IFN-I), as part of the dam's antiviral response, might contribute to the damage imposed on the offspring. Using mRNA sequencing and flow cytometry analyses we found that poly(I:C) treatment during pregnancy caused reduced expression of genes related to proliferation and cell cycle in the offspring's microglia relative to controls. This was found to be associated with an IFN-I signature in the embryonic yolk sac, the origin of microglia in development. Neutralizing IFN-I signaling in dams attenuated the effect of MIA on the newborn's microglia, while systemic maternal administration of IFNβ was sufficient to mimic the effect of poly(I:C), and led to increased vulnerability of offspring's microglia to subsequent stress. Furthermore, maternal elevation of IFNβ resulted in behavioral manifestations reminiscent of neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, by adopting a "two-hit" experimental paradigm, we show a higher sensitivity of the offspring to postnatal stress subsequent to the maternal IFNβ elevation, demonstrated by behavioral irregularities. Our results suggest that maternal upregulation of IFN-I, in response to MIA, interferes with the offspring's programmed microglial developmental cascade, increases their susceptibility to postnatal stress, and leads to behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orit Matcovitch-Natan
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Kertser
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Spinrad
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Padamsey Z, Foster WJ, Emptage NJ. Intracellular Ca 2+ Release and Synaptic Plasticity: A Tale of Many Stores. Neuroscientist 2019; 25:208-226. [PMID: 30014771 DOI: 10.1177/1073858418785334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is an essential trigger for most forms of synaptic plasticity. Ca2+ signaling occurs not only by Ca2+ entry via plasma membrane channels but also via Ca2+ signals generated by intracellular organelles. These organelles, by dynamically regulating the spatial and temporal extent of Ca2+ elevations within neurons, play a pivotal role in determining the downstream consequences of neural signaling on synaptic function. Here, we review the role of three major intracellular stores: the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and acidic Ca2+ stores, such as lysosomes, in neuronal Ca2+ signaling and plasticity. We provide a comprehensive account of how Ca2+ release from these stores regulates short- and long-term plasticity at the pre- and postsynaptic terminals of central synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Padamsey
- 1 Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William J Foster
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Nigel J Emptage
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
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Ueno H, Suemitsu S, Murakami S, Kitamura N, Wani K, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Region-specific reduction of parvalbumin neurons and behavioral changes in adult mice following single exposure to cranial irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:611-625. [PMID: 30601685 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1564081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing irradiation has several long-term effects including progressive cognitive impairment. Cognitive deterioration generally appears to be caused by abnormalities in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, with abnormal function of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV neurons) in the cerebral cortex. PV neurons are vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can be caused by ionizing irradiation. We speculated that selective impairment of specific brain regions due to ionizing irradiation may alter the degree of cognitive impairment. METHODS We irradiated mature mouse brains with 20 Gy-ionizing irradiation. Subsequently, we analyzed behavioral abnormalities and changes in the number of PV neurons. RESULTS PV neuron density was significantly lower in some cortical regions of irradiated mice than in control mice. Within 1 week of irradiation, both body weight and temperature of irradiated mice decreased. In the forced swim test, irradiated mice spent significantly less time immobile than did control mice. However, irradiated mice did not display any abnormalities in the elevated plus maze test, Y-maze test, tail suspension test, and social interaction test between 3 to 6 days after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high-dose irradiation is less likely to cause brain dysfunction in the subacute phase. Moreover, the vulnerability of PV neurons appears to be brain-region specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- a Department of Medical Technology , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Okayama , Japan.,b Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Suemitsu
- c Department of Psychiatry , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- c Department of Psychiatry , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- c Department of Psychiatry , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- c Department of Psychiatry , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- d Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- b Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- c Department of Psychiatry , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
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Rosenzweig N, Dvir-Szternfeld R, Tsitsou-Kampeli A, Keren-Shaul H, Ben-Yehuda H, Weill-Raynal P, Cahalon L, Kertser A, Baruch K, Amit I, Weiner A, Schwartz M. PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade harnesses monocyte-derived macrophages to combat cognitive impairment in a tauopathy mouse model. Nat Commun 2019; 10:465. [PMID: 30692527 PMCID: PMC6349941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple etiologies. Harnessing the immune system by blocking the programmed cell death receptor (PD)-1 pathway in an amyloid beta mouse model was shown to evoke a sequence of immune responses that lead to disease modification. Here, blocking PD-L1, a PD-1 ligand, was found to have similar efficacy to that of PD-1 blocking in disease modification, in both animal models of AD and of tauopathy. Targeting PD-L1 in a tau-driven disease model resulted in increased immunomodulatory monocyte-derived macrophages within the brain parenchyma. Single cell RNA-seq revealed that the homing macrophages expressed unique scavenger molecules including macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1), which was shown here to be required for the effect of PD-L1 blockade in disease modification. Overall, our results demonstrate that immune checkpoint blockade targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway leads to modification of common factors that go awry in AD and dementia, and thus can potentially provide an immunotherapy to help combat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Rosenzweig
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Raz Dvir-Szternfeld
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Hila Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Pierre Weill-Raynal
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Liora Cahalon
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Alex Kertser
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Kuti Baruch
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Assaf Weiner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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Ueno H, Suemitsu S, Murakami S, Kitamura N, Wani K, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Aoki S, Ishihara T. Juvenile stress induces behavioral change and affects perineuronal net formation in juvenile mice. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:41. [PMID: 30012101 PMCID: PMC6048828 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many neuropsychiatric disorders develop in early life. Although the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated, it is possible that functional abnormalities of parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV neurons) are present. Several previous studies have shown that juvenile stress is implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. We aimed to clarify the effects of juvenile stress on behavior and on the central nervous system. We investigated behavioral abnormalities of chronically-stressed mice during juvenilehood and the effect of juvenile stress on PV neurons and WFA-positive perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are associated with vulnerability and plasticity in the mouse brain. Results Due to juvenile stress, mice showed neurodevelopmental disorder-like behavior. Juvenile stressed mice did not show depressive-like behaviors, but on the contrary, they showed increased activity and decreased anxiety-like behavior. In the central nervous system of juvenile stressed mice, the fluorescence intensity of WFA-positive PNNs decreased, which may signify increased vulnerability. Conclusion This study suggested that juvenile stressed mice showed behavioral abnormalities, resembling those seen in neuropsychiatric disorders, and increased brain vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan. .,Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Suemitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shozo Aoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
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13
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More J, Casas MM, Sánchez G, Hidalgo C, Haeger P. Contextual Fear Memory Formation and Destabilization Induce Hippocampal RyR2 Calcium Channel Upregulation. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5056181. [PMID: 30123252 PMCID: PMC6079367 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5056181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus-dependent spatial and aversive memory processes entail Ca2+ signals generated by ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ channels residing in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Rodents exposed to different spatial memory tasks exhibit significant hippocampal RyR upregulation. Contextual fear conditioning generates robust hippocampal memories through an associative learning process, but the effects of contextual fear memory acquisition, consolidation, or extinction on hippocampal RyR protein levels remain unreported. Accordingly, here we investigated if exposure of male rats to contextual fear protocols, or subsequent exposure to memory destabilization protocols, modified the hippocampal content of type-2 RyR (RyR2) channels, the predominant hippocampal RyR isoforms that hold key roles in synaptic plasticity and spatial memory processes. We found that contextual memory retention caused a transient increase in hippocampal RyR2 protein levels, determined 5 h after exposure to the conditioning protocol; this increase vanished 29 h after training. Context reexposure 24 h after training, for 3, 15, or 30 min without the aversive stimulus, decreased fear memory and increased RyR2 protein levels, determined 5 h after reexposure. We propose that both fear consolidation and extinction memories induce RyR2 protein upregulation in order to generate the intracellular Ca2+ signals required for these distinct memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamileth More
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Mercedes Casas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gina Sánchez
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurosciences and Physiology and Biophysics Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Haeger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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14
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Matsuki K, Kato D, Takemoto M, Suzuki Y, Yamamura H, Ohya S, Takeshima H, Imaizumi Y. Negative regulation of cellular Ca 2+ mobilization by ryanodine receptor type 3 in mouse mesenteric artery smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29537866 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00006.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physiological functions of type 3 ryanodine receptors (RyR3) in smooth muscle (SM) tissues are not well understood, in spite of their wide expression. However, the short isoform of RyR3 is known to be a dominant-negative variant (DN-RyR3), which may negatively regulate functions of both RyR2 and full-length (FL) RyR3 by forming hetero-tetramers. Here, functional roles of RyR3 in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling in mesenteric artery SM cells (MASMCs) were examined using RyR3 homozygous knockout mice (RyR3-/-). Quantitative PCR analyses suggested that the predominant RyR3 subtype in MASMs from wild-type mice (RyR3+/+) was DN-RyR3. In single MASMCs freshly isolated from RyR3-/-, the EC50 of caffeine to induce Ca2+ release was lower than that in RyR3+/+ myocytes. The amplitude and frequency of Ca2+ sparks and spontaneous transient outward currents in MASMCs from RyR3-/- were all larger than those from RyR3+/+. Importantly, mRNA and functional expressions of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel in MASMCs from RyR3-/- were identical to those from RyR3+/+. However, in the presence of BK channel inhibitor, paxilline, the pressure rises induced by BayK8644 in MA vascular beds of RyR3-/- were significantly larger than in those of RyR3+/+. This indicates that the negative feedback effects of BK channel activity on intracellular Ca2+ signaling was enhanced in RyR3-/-. Thus, RyR3, and, in fact, mainly DN-RyR3, via a complex with RyR2 suppresses Ca2+ release and indirectly regulated membrane potential by reducing BK channel activity in MASMCs and presumably can affect the regulation of intrinsic vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Matsuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Masashi Takemoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya , Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya , Japan
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15
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Whole-exome sequencing identifies two novel missense mutations (p.L111P and p.R3048C) of RYR3 in a Vietnamese patient with autism spectrum disorders. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Ryanodine receptor type 3 does not contribute to contractions in the mouse myometrium regardless of pregnancy. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:313-326. [PMID: 27866274 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptor type 3 (RyR3) is expressed in myometrial smooth muscle cells (MSMCs). The short isoform of RyR3 is a dominant negative variant (DN-RyR3) and negatively regulates the functions of RyR2 and full-length (FL)-RyR3. DN-RyR3 has been suggested to function as a major RyR3 isoform in non-pregnant (NP) mouse MSMCs, and FL-RyR3 may also be upregulated during pregnancy (P). This increase in the FL-RyR3/DN-RyR3 ratio may contribute to the strong contractions by MSMCs for parturition. In the present study, spontaneous contractions by the myometrium in NP and P mice were highly susceptible to nifedipine but were not affected by ryanodine. Ca2+ image analyses under a voltage clamp revealed that the influx of Ca2+ through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels did not cause the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]cyt) in MSMCs were not affected by caffeine. Despite the abundant expression of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in MSMCs, spontaneous transient outward currents were not observed in the resting state because of the substantive lack of Ca2+ sparks. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses indicated that DN-RyR3 was strongly expressed in the NP myometrium, while the expression of FL-RyR3 and DN-RyR3 was markedly reduced in the P myometrium. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of RyR2 and RyR1 was negligible in the NP and P myometria. Moreover, RyR3 knockout mice may become pregnant and deliver normally. Thus, we concluded that none of the RyR subtypes, including RyR3, play a significant role in the regulation of [Ca2+]cyt in or contractions by mouse MSMCs regardless of pregnancy.
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17
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Viggiano A, Cacciola G, Widmer DAJ, Viggiano D. Anxiety as a neurodevelopmental disorder in a neuronal subpopulation: Evidence from gene expression data. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:729-40. [PMID: 26089015 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between genes and anxious behavior, is nor linear nor monotonic. To address this problem, we analyzed with a meta-analytic method the literature data of the behavior of knockout mice, retrieving 33 genes whose deletion was accompanied by increased anxious behavior, 34 genes related to decreased anxious behavior and 48 genes not involved in anxiety. We correlated the anxious behavior resulting from the deletion of these genes to their brain expression, using the Allen Brain Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The main finding is that the genes accompanied, after deletion, by a modification of the anxious behavior, have lower expression in the cerebral cortex, the amygdala and the ventral striatum. The lower expression level was putatively due to their selective presence in a neuronal subpopulation. This difference was replicated also using a database of human gene expression, further showing that the differential expression pertained, in humans, a temporal window of young postnatal age (4 months up to 4 years) but was not evident at fetal or adult human stages. Finally, using gene enrichment analysis we also show that presynaptic genes are involved in the emergence of anxiety and postsynaptic genes in the reduction of anxiety after gene deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Viggiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cacciola
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | | | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy; Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Science, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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18
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McKinney GJ, Hale MC, Goetz G, Gribskov M, Thrower FP, Nichols KM. Ontogenetic changes in embryonic and brain gene expression in progeny produced from migratory and residentOncorhynchus mykiss. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1792-809. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett J. McKinney
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195-5020 USA
| | - Matthew C. Hale
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Giles Goetz
- Conservation Biology Division; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Seattle WA 98112 USA
| | - Michael Gribskov
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Frank P. Thrower
- Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Juneau AK 99801 USA
| | - Krista M. Nichols
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Conservation Biology Division; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Seattle WA 98112 USA
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19
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Elnar AA, Desor F, Marin F, Soulimani R, Nemos C. Lactational exposure to low levels of the six indicator non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls induces DNA damage and repression of neuronal activity, in juvenile male mice. Toxicology 2014; 328:57-65. [PMID: 25510870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we evaluated the effects of lactational exposure to a representative mixture of the six indicator non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (∑6 NDL-PCBs) at low levels on the neurobiological changes and developmental/behavioral performances in mice. In this study, we analyzed the global gene expression profile in cerebellar neurons isolated from male mice presenting the most significant induction of anxiety-like behavior in our previous study (10 ng/kg ∑6 NDL-PCBs). Our results revealed changes in the expression of 16658 genes in the neurons of the exposed mice. Among these, 693 upregulated [fold change (FC)>2; p<0.05] and 665 downregulated (FC<2; p<0.05) genes were statistically linked to gene ontology terms (GO). Overexpressed genes belonged to GO terms involved with the cell cycle, DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint, response to DNA damage stimulus, regulation of RNA biosynthetic processes, and microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Downregulated genes belonged to terms involved with the transmission of nerve impulses, projection neurons, synapse hands, cell junctions, and regulation of RNA biosynthetic processes. Using qPCR, we quantified gene expression related to DNA damage and validated the transcriptomic study, as a significant overexpression of Atm-Atr Bard1, Brca2, Fancd2, Figf, Mycn, p53 and Rad51 was observed between groups (p<0.001). Finally, using immunoblots we determined the expression level of six selected proteins. We found that changes in the protein expression of Atm Brca1, p53, Kcnma1, Npy4r and Scn1a was significant between exposed and control groups (p<0.05), indicating that the expression pattern of these proteins agreed with the expression pattern of their genes by qPCR, further validating our transcriptomic findings. In conclusion, our study showed that early life exposure of male mice to a low level of ∑6 NDL-PCBs induced p53-dependent responses to cellular stress and a decrease in the expression of proteins involved in the generation, conduction, and transmission of electrical signals in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpiné Ardzivian Elnar
- Université de Lorraine, Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire et Bioactivité, MRCA/UR AFPA/INRA, BP 4102, 57040 Metz, France.
| | - Frédéric Desor
- Université de Lorraine, Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire et Bioactivité, MRCA/UR AFPA/INRA, BP 4102, 57040 Metz, France
| | - Fabian Marin
- Université de Lorraine, UMR INSERM-954 Nutrition - Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Faculté de médecine de Nancy, 54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Rachid Soulimani
- Université de Lorraine, Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire et Bioactivité, MRCA/UR AFPA/INRA, BP 4102, 57040 Metz, France
| | - Christophe Nemos
- Université de Lorraine, UMR INSERM-954 Nutrition - Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Faculté de médecine de Nancy, 54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; CHU de Nancy, Unité de foetoplacentologie, Maternité régionale Universitaire, 54000 Nancy, France
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20
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Liu Y, Li C, Gao J, Wang W, Huang L, Guo X, Li B, Wang J. Comparative characterization of two intracellular Ca²⁺-release channels from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6702. [PMID: 25330781 PMCID: PMC4204029 DOI: 10.1038/srep06702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are members of a family of tetrameric intracellular Ca2+-release channels (CRCs). While it is well known in mammals that RyRs and IP3Rs modulate multiple physiological processes, the roles of these two CRCs in the development and physiology of insects remain poorly understood. In this study, we cloned and functionally characterized RyR and IP3R cDNAs (named TcRyR and TcIP3R) from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. The composite TcRyR gene contains an ORF of 15,285 bp encoding a protein of 5,094 amino acid residues. The TcIP3R contains an 8,175 bp ORF encoding a protein of 2,724 amino acids. Expression analysis of TcRyR and TcIP3R revealed significant differences in mRNA expression levels among T. castaneum during different developmental stages. When the transcript levels of TcRyR were suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi), an abnormal folding of the adult hind wings was observed, while the RNAi-mediated knockdown of TcIP3R resulted in defective larval–pupal and pupal–adult metamorphosis. These results suggested that TcRyR is required for muscle excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in T. castaneum, and that calcium release via IP3R might play an important role in regulating ecdysone synthesis and release during molting and metamorphosis in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingkun Gao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuezhu Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Paula-Lima AC, Adasme T, Hidalgo C. Contribution of Ca2+ release channels to hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory: potential redox modulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:892-914. [PMID: 24410659 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Memory is an essential human cognitive function. Consequently, to unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the synaptic plasticity events underlying memory formation, storage and loss represents a major challenge of present-day neuroscience. RECENT ADVANCES This review article first describes the wide-ranging functions played by intracellular Ca2+ signals in the activity-dependent synaptic plasticity processes underlying hippocampal spatial memory, and next, it focuses on how the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channels, the ryanodine receptors, and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors contribute to these processes. We present a detailed examination of recent evidence supporting the key role played by Ca2+ release channels in synaptic plasticity, including structural plasticity, and the formation/consolidation of spatial memory in the hippocampus. CRITICAL ISSUES Changes in cellular oxidative state particularly affect the function of Ca2+ release channels and alter hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the associated memory processes. Emphasis is placed in this review on how defective Ca2+ release, presumably due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species, may cause the hippocampal functional defects that are associated to aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additional studies should examine the precise molecular mechanisms by which Ca2+ release channels contribute to hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory formation/consolidation. Future studies should test whether redox-modified Ca2+ release channels contribute toward generating the intracellular Ca2+ signals required for sustained synaptic plasticity and hippocampal spatial memory, and whether loss of redox balance and oxidative stress, by altering Ca2+ release channel function, presumably contribute to the abnormal memory processes that occur during aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Paula-Lima
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
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22
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Baker KD, Edwards TM, Rickard NS. The role of intracellular calcium stores in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1211-39. [PMID: 23639769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Memory processing requires tightly controlled signalling cascades, many of which are dependent upon intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)). Despite this, most work investigating calcium signalling in memory formation has focused on plasma membrane channels and extracellular sources of Ca(2+). The intracellular Ca(2+) release channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) have a significant capacity to regulate intracellular Ca(2+) signalling. Evidence at both cellular and behavioural levels implicates both RyRs and IP3Rs in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Pharmacobehavioural experiments using young chicks trained on a single-trial discrimination avoidance task have been particularly useful by demonstrating that RyRs and IP3Rs have distinct roles in memory formation. RyR-dependent Ca(2+) release appears to aid the consolidation of labile memory into a persistent long-term memory trace. In contrast, IP3Rs are required during long-term memory. This review discusses various functions for RyRs and IP3Rs in memory processing, including neuro- and glio-transmitter release, dendritic spine remodelling, facilitating vasodilation, and the regulation of gene transcription and dendritic excitability. Altered Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores also has significant implications for neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Baker
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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23
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Amador FJ, Stathopulos PB, Enomoto M, Ikura M. Ryanodine receptor calcium release channels: lessons from structure-function studies. FEBS J 2013; 280:5456-70. [PMID: 23413940 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are the largest known ion channels. They are Ca(2+) release channels found primarily on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of myocytes. Several hundred mutations in RyRs are associated with skeletal or cardiomyocyte disease in humans. Many of these mutations can now be mapped onto the high resolution structures of individual RyR domains and on full-length tetrameric cryo-electron microscopy structures. A closely related Ca(2+) release channel, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphospate receptor (IP3 R), shows a conserved structural architecture at the N-terminus, suggesting that both channels evolved from an ancestral unicellular RyR/IP3 R. The functional insights provided by recent structural studies for both channels will aid in the development of rationale treatments for a myriad of Ca(2+)-signaled malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Amador
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
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24
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Tsai SH, Chang EYC, Chang YC, Hee SW, Tsai YC, Chang TJ, Chuang LM. Knockdown of RyR3 enhances adiponectin expression through an atf3-dependent pathway. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1117-29. [PMID: 23389954 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important adipose-specific protein, which possesses insulin (INS)-sensitizing, antiinflammatory, and antiatherosclerotic functions. However, its regulation remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified that ryanodine receptor (RyR)3 plays an important role in the regulation of adiponectin expression. RyR3 was expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and its level was decreased upon adipogenesis. Silencing of RyR3 expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes resulted in up-regulated adiponectin promoter activity, enhanced adiponectin mRNA expression, and more adiponectin protein secreted into the medium. An inverse relation between RyR3 and adiponectin mRNA levels was also observed in adipose tissues of db/db mice. In addition, knockdown of RyR3 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in db/db mice and high-fat diet-fed obese mice increased serum adiponectin level, improved INS sensitivity, and lowered fasting glucose levels. These effects were in parallel with decreased mitochondrial Ca(2+), increased mitochondrial mass, and reduced activating transcription factor 3 (atf3) expression. Overexpression of atf3 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes blocked the effect of RyR3 silencing on adiponectin expression, indicating that an atf3-dependent pathway mediates the effect downstream of RyR3 silencing. Our data suggest that RyR3 may be a new therapeutic target for improving INS sensitivity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huei Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
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25
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Elnar AA, Diesel B, Desor F, Feidt C, Bouayed J, Kiemer AK, Soulimani R. Neurodevelopmental and behavioral toxicity via lactational exposure to the sum of six indicator non-dioxin-like-polychlorinated biphenyls (∑6 NDL-PCBs) in mice. Toxicology 2012; 299:44-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wayman GA, Bose DD, Yang D, Lesiak A, Bruun D, Impey S, Ledoux V, Pessah IN, Lein PJ. PCB-95 modulates the calcium-dependent signaling pathway responsible for activity-dependent dendritic growth. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:1003-9. [PMID: 22534176 PMCID: PMC3404671 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) promote dendritic growth in hippocampal neurons via ryanodine receptor (RyR)-dependent mechanisms; however, downstream signaling events that link enhanced RyR activity to dendritic growth are unknown. Activity-dependent dendritic growth, which is a critical determinant of neuronal connectivity in the developing brain, is mediated by calcium ion (Ca(2+))-dependent activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase-I (CaMKI), which triggers cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-dependent Wnt2 transcription. RyRs regulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular Ca(2+) signals, but whether RyRs promote dendritic growth via modulation of this signaling pathway is not known. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that the CaMKI-CREB-Wnt2 signaling pathway couples NDL PCB-enhanced RyR activity to dendritic arborization. METHODS AND RESULTS Ca(2+) imaging of dissociated cultures of primary rat hippocampal neurons indicated that PCB-95 (2,2',3,5'6-pentachlorobiphenyl; a potent RyR potentiator), enhanced synchronized Ca(2+) oscillations in somata and dendrites that were blocked by ryanodine. As determined by Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, PCB-95 also activated CREB and up-regulated Wnt2. Blocking CaMKK, CaMKIα/γ, MEK/ERK, CREB, or Wnt2 prevented PCB-95-induced dendritic growth. Antagonism of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors with bicuculline (BIC) phenocopied the dendrite-promoting effects of PCB-95, and pharmacological antagonism or siRNA knockdown of RyR blocked BIC-induced dendritic growth in dissociated and slice cultures of hippocampal neurons. CONCLUSIONS RyR activity contributes to dynamic remodeling of dendritic architecture in response to NDL PCBs via CaMKI-CREB-Wnt2 signaling in rats. Our findings identify PCBs as candidate environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in children with heritable deficits in calcium signaling associated with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Wayman
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Kawamoto EM, Vivar C, Camandola S. Physiology and pathology of calcium signaling in the brain. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:61. [PMID: 22518105 PMCID: PMC3325487 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) plays fundamental and diversified roles in neuronal plasticity. As second messenger of many signaling pathways, Ca(2+) as been shown to regulate neuronal gene expression, energy production, membrane excitability, synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, and other processes underlying learning and memory and cell survival. The flexibility of Ca(2+) signaling is achieved by modifying cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations via regulated opening of plasma membrane and subcellular Ca(2+) sensitive channels. The spatiotemporal patterns of intracellular Ca(2+) signals, and the ultimate cellular biological outcome, are also dependent upon termination mechanism, such as Ca(2+) buffering, extracellular extrusion, and intra-organelle sequestration. Because of the central role played by Ca(2+) in neuronal physiology, it is not surprising that even modest impairments of Ca(2+) homeostasis result in profound functional alterations. Despite their heterogeneous etiology neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the healthy aging process, are all characterized by disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis and signaling. In this review we provide an overview of the main types of neuronal Ca(2+) channels and their role in neuronal plasticity. We will also discuss the participation of Ca(2+) signaling in neuronal aging and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research ProgramBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carmen Vivar
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research ProgramBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research ProgramBaltimore, MD, USA
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Choi K, Le T, Xing G, Johnson LR, Ursano RJ. Analysis of kinase gene expression in the frontal cortex of suicide victims: implications of fear and stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2011; 5:46. [PMID: 21847376 PMCID: PMC3148763 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a serious public health issue that results from an interaction between multiple risk factors including individual vulnerabilities to complex feelings of hopelessness, fear, and stress. Although kinase genes have been implicated in fear and stress, including the consolidation and extinction of fearful memories, expression profiles of those genes in the brain of suicide victims are less clear. Using gene expression microarray data from the Online Stanley Genomics Database and a quantitative PCR, we investigated the expression profiles of multiple kinase genes including the calcium calmodulin-dependent kinase (CAMK), the cyclin-dependent kinase, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the protein kinase C (PKC) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mood disorder patients died with suicide (N = 45) and without suicide (N = 38). We also investigated the expression pattern of the same genes in the PFC of developing humans ranging in age from birth to 49 year (N = 46). The expression levels of CAMK2B, CDK5, MAPK9, and PRKCI were increased in the PFC of suicide victims as compared to non-suicide controls (false discovery rate, FDR-adjusted p < 0.05, fold change >1.1). Those genes also showed changes in expression pattern during the postnatal development (FDR-adjusted p < 0.05). These results suggest that multiple kinase genes undergo age-dependent changes in normal brains as well as pathological changes in suicide brains. These findings may provide an important link to protein kinases known to be important for the development of fear memory, stress associated neural plasticity, and up-regulation in the PFC of suicide victims. More research is needed to better understand the functional role of these kinase genes that may be associated with the pathophysiology of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
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Genomewide linkage analysis in Costa Rican families implicates chromosome 15q14 as a candidate region for OCD. Hum Genet 2011; 130:795-805. [PMID: 21691774 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has a complex etiology that encompasses both genetic and environmental factors. However, to date, despite the identification of several promising candidate genes and linkage regions, the genetic causes of OCD are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct linkage studies of childhood-onset OCD, which is thought to have the strongest genetic etiology, in several OCD-affected families from the genetically isolated population of the Central Valley of Costa Rica (CVCR). The authors used parametric and non-parametric approaches to conduct genome-wide linkage analyses using 5,786 single nucleotide repeat polymorphisms (SNPs) in three CVCR families with multiple childhood-onset OCD-affected individuals. We identified areas of suggestive linkage (LOD score ≥ 2) on chromosomes 1p21, 15q14, 16q24, and 17p12. The strongest evidence for linkage was on chromosome 15q14 (LOD = 3.13), identified using parametric linkage analysis with a recessive model, and overlapping a region identified in a prior linkage study using a Caucasian population. Each CVCR family had a haplotype that co-segregated with OCD across a ~7 Mbp interval within this region, which contains 18 identified brain expressed genes, several of which are potentially relevant to OCD. Exonic sequencing of the strongest candidate gene in this region, the ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3), identified several genetic variants of potential interest, although none co-segregated with OCD in all three families. These findings provide evidence that chromosome 15q14 is linked to OCD in families from the CVCR, and supports previous findings to suggest that this region may contain one or more OCD susceptibility loci.
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Takeuchi H, Iba M, Inoue H, Higuchi M, Takao K, Tsukita K, Karatsu Y, Iwamoto Y, Miyakawa T, Suhara T, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Takahashi R. P301S mutant human tau transgenic mice manifest early symptoms of human tauopathies with dementia and altered sensorimotor gating. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21050. [PMID: 21698260 PMCID: PMC3115982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of abnormal tau protein leading to cognitive and/or motor dysfunction. To understand the relationship between tau pathology and behavioral impairments, we comprehensively assessed behavioral abnormalities in a mouse tauopathy model expressing the human P301S mutant tau protein in the early stage of disease to detect its initial neurological manifestations. Behavioral abnormalities, shown by open field test, elevated plus-maze test, hot plate test, Y-maze test, Barnes maze test, Morris water maze test, and/or contextual fear conditioning test, recapitulated the neurological deficits of human tauopathies with dementia. Furthermore, we discovered that prepulse inhibition (PPI), a marker of sensorimotor gating, was enhanced in these animals concomitantly with initial neuropathological changes in associated brain regions. This finding provides evidence that our tauopathy mouse model displays neurofunctional abnormalities in prodromal stages of disease, since enhancement of PPI is characteristic of amnestic mild cognitive impairment, a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), in contrast with attenuated PPI in AD patients. Therefore, assessment of sensorimotor gating could be used to detect the earliest manifestations of tauopathies exemplified by prodromal AD, in which abnormal tau protein may play critical roles in the onset of neuronal dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyo Iba
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Section for Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsukita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Karatsu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Iwamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Virginia M. -Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Involvement of ryanodine receptors in neurotrophin-induced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:3029-34. [PMID: 21282625 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1013580108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyR) amplify activity-dependent calcium influx via calcium-induced calcium release. Calcium signals trigger postsynaptic pathways in hippocampal neurons that underlie synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Recent evidence supports a role of the RyR2 and RyR3 isoforms in these processes. Along with calcium signals, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key signaling molecule for hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory. Upon binding to specific TrkB receptors, BDNF initiates complex signaling pathways that modify synaptic structure and function. Here, we show that BDNF-induced remodeling of hippocampal dendritic spines required functional RyR. Additionally, incubation with BDNF enhanced the expression of RyR2, RyR3, and PKMζ, an atypical protein kinase C isoform with key roles in hippocampal memory consolidation. Consistent with their increased RyR protein content, BDNF-treated neurons generated larger RyR-mediated calcium signals than controls. Selective inhibition of RyR-mediated calcium release with inhibitory ryanodine concentrations prevented the PKMζ, RyR2, and RyR3 protein content enhancement induced by BDNF. Intrahippocampal injection of BDNF or training rats in a spatial memory task enhanced PKMζ, RyR2, RyR3, and BDNF hippocampal protein content, while injection of ryanodine at concentrations that stimulate RyR-mediated calcium release improved spatial memory learning and enhanced memory consolidation. We propose that RyR-generated calcium signals are key features of the complex neuronal plasticity processes induced by BDNF, which include increased expression of RyR2, RyR3, and PKMζ and the spine remodeling required for spatial memory formation.
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Schenk GJ, Veldhuisen B, Wedemeier O, McGown CC, Schouten TG, Oitzl M, de Kloet ER, Vreugdenhil E. Over-expression of δC-DCLK-short in mouse brain results in a more anxious behavioral phenotype. Physiol Behav 2010; 101:541-8. [PMID: 20705078 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Products of the Doublecortin-Like Kinase (DCLK) gene are associated with cortical migration and hippocampal maturation during embryogenesis. However, the functions of those DCLK gene transcripts that encode kinases and are expressed during adulthood are incompletely understood. To elucidate potential functions of these DCLK gene splice variants we have generated and analyzed transgenic mice with neuronal over-expression of a truncated, constitutively active form of DCLK-short, designated δC-DCLK-short. Previously, we have performed an extensive molecular characterization of these transgenic δC-DCLK-short mice and established that a specific subunit of the GABA(A) receptor, which is involved in anxiety-related GABAergic neurotransmission, is down-regulated in the hippocampus. Here we show that δC-DCLK-short mRNA is highly expressed in the hippocampus, cortex and amygdala of transgenic mice. We provide evidence that the δC-DCLK-short protein is expressed and functional. In addition, we examined anxiety-related behavior in δC-DCLK-short mice in the elevated plus maze. Interestingly, δC-DCLK-short mice spend less time, move less in the open arms of the maze and show a reduction in the number of rim dips. These behaviors indicate that δC-DCLK-short mice display a more anxious behavioral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert J Schenk
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Evidence for the involvement of calbindin D28k in the presenilin 1 model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2010; 169:532-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ryanodine receptor calcium channels and their partners as drug targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:1535-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ryanodine receptor studies using genetically engineered mice. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:1956-65. [PMID: 20214899 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyR) regulate intracellular Ca(2+) release in many cell types and have been implicated in a number of inherited human diseases. Over the past 15 years genetically engineered mouse models have been developed to elucidate the role that RyRs play in physiology and pathophysiology. To date these models have implicated RyRs in fundamental biological processes including excitation-contraction coupling and long term plasticity as well as diseases including malignant hyperthermia, cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, and seizures. In this review we summarize the RyR mouse models and how they have enhanced our understanding of the RyR channels and their roles in cellular physiology and disease.
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Pessah IN, Cherednichenko G, Lein PJ. Minding the calcium store: Ryanodine receptor activation as a convergent mechanism of PCB toxicity. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 125:260-85. [PMID: 19931307 PMCID: PMC2823855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-level polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures remain a significant public health concern since results from epidemiological studies indicate that PCB burden is associated with immune system dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and impairment of the developing nervous system. Of these various adverse health effects, developmental neurotoxicity has emerged as a particularly vulnerable endpoint in PCB toxicity. Arguably the most pervasive biological effects of PCBs could be mediated by their ability to alter the spatial and temporal fidelity of Ca2+ signals through one or more receptor-mediated processes. This review will focus on our current knowledge of the structure and function of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in muscle and nerve cells and how PCBs and related non-coplanar structures alter these functions. The molecular and cellular mechanisms by which non-coplanar PCBs and related structures alter local and global Ca2+ signaling properties and the possible short and long-term consequences of these perturbations on neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Matsuo N, Tanda K, Nakanishi K, Yamasaki N, Toyama K, Takao K, Takeshima H, Miyakawa T. Comprehensive behavioral phenotyping of ryanodine receptor type 3 (RyR3) knockout mice: decreased social contact duration in two social interaction tests. Front Behav Neurosci 2009; 3:3. [PMID: 19503748 PMCID: PMC2691151 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.08.003.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration is crucial for various neuronal functions such as synaptic transmission and plasticity, and gene expression. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are a family of intracellular calcium release channels that mediate calcium-induced calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Among the three RyR isoforms, RyR3 is preferentially expressed in the brain especially in the hippocampus and striatum. To investigate the behavioral effects of RyR3 deficiency, we subjected RyR3 knockout (RyR3–/–) mice to a battery of behavioral tests. RyR3–/– mice exhibited significantly decreased social contact duration in two different social interaction tests, where two mice can freely move and make contacts with each other. They also exhibited hyperactivity and mildly impaired prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition while they did not show significant abnormalities in motor function and working and reference memory tests. These results indicate that RyR3 has an important role in locomotor activity and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsuo
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University Toyoake, Japan
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Uhl GR, Drgon T, Johnson C, Li CY, Contoreggi C, Hess J, Naiman D, Liu QR. Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1141:318-81. [PMID: 18991966 PMCID: PMC3922196 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1441.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWA) can elucidate molecular genetic bases for human individual differences in complex phenotypes that include vulnerability to addiction. Here, we review (a) evidence that supports polygenic models with (at least) modest heterogeneity for the genetic architectures of addiction and several related phenotypes; (b) technical and ethical aspects of importance for understanding GWA data, including genotyping in individual samples versus DNA pools, analytic approaches, power estimation, and ethical issues in genotyping individuals with illegal behaviors; (c) the samples and the data that shape our current understanding of the molecular genetics of individual differences in vulnerability to substance dependence and related phenotypes; (d) overlaps between GWA data sets for dependence on different substances; and (e) overlaps between GWA data for addictions versus other heritable, brain-based phenotypes that include bipolar disorder, cognitive ability, frontal lobe brain volume, the ability to successfully quit smoking, neuroticism, and Alzheimer's disease. These convergent results identify potential targets for drugs that might modify addictions and play roles in these other phenotypes. They add to evidence that individual differences in the quality and quantity of brain connections make pleiotropic contributions to individual differences in vulnerability to addictions and to related brain disorders and phenotypes. A "connectivity constellation" of brain phenotypes and disorders appears to receive substantial pathogenic contributions from individual differences in a constellation of genes whose variants provide individual differences in the specification of brain connectivities during development and in adulthood. Heritable brain differences that underlie addiction vulnerability thus lie squarely in the midst of the repertoire of heritable brain differences that underlie vulnerability to other common brain disorders and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Uhl
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Galeotti N, Vivoli E, Bartolini A, Ghelardini C. A gene-specific cerebral types 1, 2, and 3 RyR protein knockdown induces an antidepressant-like effect in mice. J Neurochem 2008; 106:2385-94. [PMID: 18643873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of baseline intracellular calcium levels was observed in platelets or lymphoblasts of patients with bipolar affective disorders suggesting an altered intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The role of supraspinal endoplasmic ryanodine receptors (RyRs), which allow mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores, in the modulation of depressive states was, then, investigated. Ryanodine and FK506 reduced the immobility time in the mouse forced swimming test showing an antidepressant-like profile comparable with that produced by amitriptyline and clomipramine. We generated types 1, 2, and 3 RyR knockdown mice by using selective antisense oligonucleotides (aODN) to investigate the role of each RyR isoform. A gene-specific cerebral RyR protein level reduction in knockdown animals was demonstrated by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemical experiments. Repeated intracerebroventricular administration of aODNs complementary to the sequence of the types 1, 2, or 3 RyR produced an antidepressant-like response in the forced swimming test. The aODN-induced reduction of immobility time was temporary and reversible and did not impair motor coordination, spontaneous mobility, and exploratory activity. These findings identify cerebral RyRs as critical targets underlying depressive states and should facilitate the comprehension of the pathophysiology of mood disorders and help developing of new therapeutical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G. Pieraccini, Florence, Italy.
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Tochigi M, Kato C, Ohashi J, Koishi S, Kawakubo Y, Yamamoto K, Matsumoto H, Hashimoto O, Kim SY, Watanabe K, Kano Y, Nanba E, Kato N, Sasaki T. No association between the ryanodine receptor 3 gene and autism in a Japanese population. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008; 62:341-4. [PMID: 18588595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic etiology. Chromosome 15q11-q14 has been proposed to harbor a gene for autism susceptibility because deletion of the region leads to Prader-Willi syndrome or Angelman syndrome, having phenotypic overlap with autism. Here we studied the association between autism and the ryanodine receptor 3 (RyR3) gene, which is located in the region. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that has investigated the association. METHODS We genotyped 14 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 166 Japanese patients with autism and 375 controls. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between the patients and controls in allelic frequencies or genotypic distributions of the 14 SNPs. Analysis after confining the subjects to males showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides no positive evidence for the association between the RyR3 gene and autism in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tochigi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Univerisity of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Inhibition of mGluR1 and IP3Rs impairs long-term memory formation in young chicks. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2008; 90:269-74. [PMID: 18495503 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is involved in a myriad of cellular functions in the brain including synaptic plasticity. However, the role of intracellular Ca(2+) stores in memory processing remains poorly defined. The current study explored a role for glutamate-dependent intracellular Ca(2+) release in memory processing via blockade of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) and inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs). Using a single-trial discrimination avoidance task developed for the young chick, administration of the specific and potent mGluR1 antagonist JNJ16259685 (500nM, immediately post-training, ic), or the IP(3)R antagonist Xestospongin C (5microM, immediately post-training, ic), impaired retention from 90min post-training. These findings are consistent with mGluR1 activating IP(3)Rs to release intracellular Ca(2+) required for long-term memory formation and have been interpreted within an LTP2 model. The consequences of different patterns of retention loss following ryanodine receptor (RyR) and IP(3)R inhibition are discussed.
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Galeotti N, Quattrone A, Vivoli E, Norcini M, Bartolini A, Ghelardini C. Different involvement of type 1, 2, and 3 ryanodine receptors in memory processes. Learn Mem 2008; 15:315-23. [PMID: 18441289 DOI: 10.1101/lm.929008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The administration of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) agonist 4-Cmc (0.003-9 nmol per mouse intracerebroventricularly [i.c.v.]) ameliorated memory functions, whereas the RyR antagonist ryanodine (0.0001-1 nmol per mouse i.c.v.) induced amnesia in the mouse passive avoidance test. The role of the type 1, 2, and 3 RyR isoforms in memory processes was then evaluated by inhibiting the expression of the three RyR proteins in the mouse brain. A selective knockdown of the RyR isoforms was obtained by the i.c.v. administration of antisense oligonucleotides (aODNs) complementary to the sequence of RyR1, RyR2 and RyR3 proteins, as demonstrated by immunoblotting experiments. RyR1 (5-9 nmol per mouse i.c.v.) knockdown mice did not show any memory dysfunction. Conversely, RyR2 (1-7 nmol per mouse i.c.v.) and RyR3 (1-7 nmol per mouse i.c.v.) knockdown animals showed an impairment of memory processes. This detrimental effect was temporary and reversible, disappearing 7 d after the end of the aODN treatment. At the highest effective doses, none of the compounds used impaired motor coordination, as revealed by the rota rod test, nor modified spontaneous mobility and inspection activity, as revealed by the hole-board test. In conclusion, the lack of any involvement of cerebral RyR1 was demonstrated. These findings also showed the involvement of type 2 and type 3 RyR in the modulation of memory functions identifying these cerebral RyR isoforms as critical targets underlying memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, I-50139 Florence, Italy.
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43
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Galeotti N, Quattrone A, Vivoli E, Bartolini A, Ghelardini C. Type 1 and type 3 ryanodine receptors are selectively involved in muscarinic antinociception in mice: an antisense study. Neuroscience 2008; 153:814-22. [PMID: 18403125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of an intracellular calcium content increase to obtain cholinergic antinociception was demonstrated. The physiological and pathological role of ryanodine receptors (RyRs), receptors involved in the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores, at the CNS level is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the role of supraspinal endoplasmic type 1, 2 and 3 RyR subtypes in muscarinic antinociception in conditions of acute thermal (hotplate test) and inflammatory (abdominal constriction test) pain. In the absence of isoform selective RyR antagonists, types 1, 2 and 3 RyR knockdown mice were obtained. Western blotting experiments were performed to quantify the RyR isoform protein levels in knockdown mice demonstrating a selective protein level reduction in knockdown animals. I.c.v. pretreatment with an antisense oligonucleotide (aODN) against type 1 or type 3 RyR prevented cholinergic antinociception in the hotplate test shifting to the right of the physostigmine dose-response curve. This antagonistic effect disappeared 7 days after the end of the aODN administration. Conversely, the physostigmine analgesia remained unmodified in type 2 RyR knockdown mice. Similar results were obtained in the abdominal constriction test. Mice undergoing aODN treatments showed neither alteration of animals' gross behavior nor locomotor impairment (rota-rod and hole board tests). These results elucidate the intracellular mechanism underlying muscarinic antinociception. A selective involvement of RyR1 and RyR3 in supraspinal muscarinic analgesia was demonstrated whereas RyR2 appears not to play an essential role in acute thermal and inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Galeotti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, Italy.
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44
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Huddleston AT, Tang W, Takeshima H, Hamilton SL, Klann E. Superoxide-induced potentiation in the hippocampus requires activation of ryanodine receptor type 3 and ERK. J Neurophysiol 2008; 99:1565-71. [PMID: 18199822 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00659.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and behave as signaling molecules via redox modifications of target proteins. In particular, superoxide is necessary for induction of LTP, and application of superoxide to hippocampal slices is sufficient to induce LTP in area CA1. Although a rise in postsynaptic intracellular calcium is necessary for LTP induction, superoxide-induced potentiation does not require calcium flux through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) mediate calcium-induced calcium release from intracellular stores and have been shown to modulate LTP. In this study, we investigated the highly redox-sensitive RyRs and L-type calcium channels as calcium sources that might mediate superoxide-induced potentiation. In agreement with previous studies of skeletal and cardiac muscle, we found that superoxide enhances activation of RyRs in the mouse hippocampus. We identified a functional coupling between L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and RyRs and identified RyR3, a subtype enriched in area CA1, as the specific isoform required for superoxide-induced potentiation. Superoxide also enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in area CA1, and ERK was necessary for superoxide-induced potentiation. Thus superoxide-induced potentiation requires the redox targeting of RyR3 and the subsequent activation of ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tara Huddleston
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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45
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Edwards TM, Rickard NS. New perspectives on the mechanisms through which nitric oxide may affect learning and memory processes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2007; 31:413-25. [PMID: 17188748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been well established as a molecule necessary for memory consolidation. Interestingly, the majority of research has focused on only a single mechanism through which NO acts, namely the up-regulation of guanylate cyclase (GC). However, since NO and NO-derived reactive nitrogen species are capable of interacting with a broad array of enzymes, ion channels and receptors, a singular focus on GC appears short-sighted. Although NO inhibits the action of a number of molecules there are four, in addition to GC, which are up-regulated by the direct presence of NO, or NO-derived radicals, and implicated in memory processing. They are: cyclic nucleotide-gated channels; large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels; ryanodine receptor calcium release (RyR) channels; and the enzyme mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferase. This review presents evidence that not only are these four molecules worthy of investigation as GC-independent mechanisms through which NO may act, but that behavioural evidence already exists suggesting a relationship between NO and the RyR channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Edwards
- School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Monash University-Clayton, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800 Vic., Australia.
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46
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Moriguchi S, Nishi M, Komazaki S, Sakagami H, Miyazaki T, Masumiya H, Saito SY, Watanabe M, Kondo H, Yawo H, Fukunaga K, Takeshima H. Functional uncoupling between Ca2+ release and afterhyperpolarization in mutant hippocampal neurons lacking junctophilins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:10811-6. [PMID: 16809425 PMCID: PMC1502313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509863103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional membrane complexes (JMCs) composed of the plasma membrane and endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum seem to be a structural platform for channel crosstalk. Junctophilins (JPs) contribute to JMC formation by spanning the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and binding with the plasma membrane in muscle cells. In this article, we report that mutant JP double-knockout (JP-DKO) mice lacking neural JP subtypes exhibited an irregular hindlimb reflex and impaired memory. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that the activation of small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels responsible for afterhyperpolarization in hippocampal neurons requires endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release through ryanodine receptors, triggered by NMDA receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx. We propose that in JP-DKO neurons lacking afterhyperpolarization, the functional communications between NMDA receptors, ryanodine receptors, and small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels are disconnected because of JMC disassembly. Moreover, JP-DKO neurons showed an impaired long-term potentiation and hyperactivation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Therefore, JPs seem to have an essential role in neural excitability fundamental to plasticity and integrated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Moriguchi
- *Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Miyuki Nishi
- Departments of Medical Chemistry and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan
| | - Shinji Komazaki
- Department of Anatomy, Saitama Medical School, Saitama 350, Japan; and
| | | | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- **Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiko Watanabe
- **Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
| | | | - Hiromu Yawo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- *Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Departments of Medical Chemistry and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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47
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Galeotti N, Bartolini A, Ghelardini C. Blockade of intracellular calcium release induces an antidepressant-like effect in the mouse forced swimming test. Neuropharmacology 2006; 50:309-16. [PMID: 16249008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Revised: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of intracellular calcium in the modulation of a depressant-like condition was investigated in the mouse forced swimming test. I.c.v. administration of TMB-8 (0.23-46.3 nmol per mouse), a blocker of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, decreased the mouse immobility time. I.c.v. injection of thapsigargin (0.003-3 nmol per mouse), compound which selectively inhibits Ca2+ uptake into the endoplasmic reticulum, produced, 60 min after administration, a depressant-like condition. Xestospongin C (1-100 pmol per mouse i.c.v.), an InsP3-receptor antagonist, decreased the mouse immobility time. By contrast, d-myo-inositol (5.4-540 pmol per mouse i.c.v.), compound which produces InsP3, resulted in a depressant-like effect. Similarly, ryanodine (0.1-600 pmol per mouse i.c.v.), an RyR antagonist, decreased the immobility time values whereas the administration of 4-chloro-m-cresol (0.1-100 pmol per mouse i.c.v.), an RyR agonist, showed an opposite effect. The antidepressant-like effects observed with TMB-8, xestospongin C and ryanodine were comparable to that produced by the antidepressant drugs amitriptyline and clomipramine. The treatments employed did not produce any behavioural impairment of mice as revealed by the rota-rod and hole board tests indicating that the antidepressant- and depressant-like effects were not due to a compromised locomotor activity and spontaneous motility of the treated animals. These results indicate that a central variation in intracellular calcium contents is involved in the modulation of a depressive-like condition in the mouse forced swimming test. In particular, the blockade of both InsP3Rs and RyRs appears to play an important role in the induction of an antidepressant-like effect, whereas the stimulation of these receptors is involved in a depressant-like response of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, Italy.
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48
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Edwards TM, Rickard NS. Pharmaco-behavioural evidence indicating a complex role for ryanodine receptor calcium release channels in memory processing for a passive avoidance task. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2006; 86:1-8. [PMID: 16473029 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signalling is an important process underlying neuronal function and consequently behaviour. The release of calcium from intracellular stores via the ryanodine receptor calcium release (RyR) channel has been implicated in both synaptic plasticity and to a limited extent in memory processing. While past investigations have suggested a role for RyR channels in long-term memory, the present study suggests their action is more complex. Using a single trial passive avoidance task developed for the day-old chick, it is proposed that RyR channels are necessary both prior to the expression of long-term memory and also in retrieval processes. Specifically, 5 mM dantrolene (a specific RyR channel blocker) resulted in a persistent retention loss from 40 min post-training while 10 nM dantrolene produced a transient retention loss centred at 40 min post-training. We speculate that in the context of memory formation, RyR channels may be activated by nitric oxide and in the context of memory retrieval may lead to the activation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium BK(Ca) channels which, when blocked by 50 nM iberiotoxin, also demonstrated a transient retention loss centred at 40 min post-training.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Edwards
- School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Monash University, 3800 Vic., Australia.
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49
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Mauceri D, Cattabeni F, Di Luca M, Gardoni F. Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II Phosphorylation Drives Synapse-associated Protein 97 into Spines. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:23813-21. [PMID: 15044483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402796200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97) has been involved in the correct delivery and clustering of glutamate ionotropic receptors to the postsynaptic compartment. Here we demonstrate that synaptic trafficking of SAP97 itself was modulated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in cultured hippocampal neurons. CaMKII activation led to increased targeting of SAP97 into dendritic spines, whereas CaMKII inhibition was responsible for SAP97 high colocalization in the cell soma with the endoplasmic reticulum protein disulfide-isomerase. No effect was detected for other members of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein family, such as SAP102 and PSD-95. Transfection of activated alphaCaMKII T286D dramatically increased concentration of both endogenous and transfected SAP97 at postsynaptic terminals. In vitro CaMKII phosphorylation of the SAP97 N-terminal fusion protein and metabolic labeling of transfected COS7 cells indicated SAP97-Ser-39 as a CaMKII phosphosite in the SAP97 protein sequence. Moreover, transfection in hippocampal neurons of SAP97 mutants that blocked or mimicked Ser-39 phosphorylation had effects similar to those observed upon inhibiting or constitutively activating CaMKII. Further, CaMKII-dependent SAP97-Ser-39 phosphorylation determined a redistribution of the glutamate receptor subunit (GluR1) of the AMPA receptor. In conclusion, our data show that CaMKII-dependent SAP97-Ser-39 phosphorylation regulates the association of SAP97 with the postsynaptic complex, thus providing a fine molecular mechanism responsible for the synaptic delivery of SAP97 interacting proteins, i.e. ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mauceri
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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50
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Nishi M, Sakagami H, Komazaki S, Kondo H, Takeshima H. Coexpression of junctophilin type 3 and type 4 in brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 118:102-10. [PMID: 14559359 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(03)00341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that junctophilins (JPs) contribute to the formation of junctional membrane structures in excitable cells by interacting with the plasma membrane and spanning the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) membrane. In the brain, functional crosstalk between cell-surface and intracellular channels is proposed in the "subsurface cistern" as the junctional membrane complex observed in neurons. So far, three JPs have been identified as tissue-specific subtypes derived from different genes; JP-1 is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle, JP-2 is detected throughout muscle cell types, and JP-3 is predominantly expressed in the brain. In this paper, we report a novel JP subtype, JP-4, encoded in the human (chromosome 14q11.1) and mouse (chromosome 14C1-2) genomes. Cloning the cDNA showed that JP-4 shares characteristic structural features with other JP subtypes, and Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated its brain-specific expression. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that both JP-3 and JP-4 mRNAs are expressed in discrete neuronal sites, and their overall regional distribution patterns were similar in the brain. Furthermore, both the JP mRNAs and subsurface cistern showed somatodendritic localization in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. The results obtained suggest the collaborative contribution of JP-3 and JP-4 to the subsurface cistern formation in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Nishi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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