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Limcharoen B, Wanichwecharungruang S, Kröger M, Sansureerungsikul T, Schleusener J, Lena Klein A, Banlunara W, Meinke MC, Darvin ME. Dissolvable microneedles in the skin: Determination the impact of barrier disruption and dry skin on dissolution. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 199:114303. [PMID: 38657740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Dissolvable microneedles (DMNs), fabricated from biocompatible materials that dissolve in both water and skin have gained popularity in dermatology. However, limited research exists on their application in compromised skin conditions. This study compares the hyaluronic acid-based DMNs penetration, formation of microchannels, dissolution, and diffusion kinetics in intact, barrier-disrupted (tape stripped), and dry (acetone-treated) porcine ear skin ex vivo. After DMNs application, comprehensive investigations including dermoscopy, stereomicroscope, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy (RCLSM), confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM), two-photon tomography combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging (TPT-FLIM), histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. The 400 µm long DMNs successfully penetrated the skin to depths of ≈200 µm for dry skin and ≈200-290 µm for barrier-disrupted skin. Although DMNs fully inserted into all skin conditions, their dissolution rates were high in barrier-disrupted and low in dry skin, as observed through stereomicroscopy and TPT-FLIM. The dissolved polymer exhibited a more significant expansion in barrier-disrupted skin compared to intact skin, with the smallest increase observed in dry skin. Elevated TEWL and reduced skin hydration levels were evident in barrier-disrupted and dry skins compared to intact skin. OCT and RCLSM revealed noticeable skin indentation and pronounced microchannel areas, particularly in barrier-disrupted and dry skin. Additional confirmation of DMN effects on the skin and substance dissolution was obtained through histology, SEM, and CRM techniques. This study highlights the impact of skin condition on DMN effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of considering dissolvability and dissolution rates of needle materials, primarily composed of hyaluronic acid, for optimizing DMN-based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Marius Kröger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Titiporn Sansureerungsikul
- Mineed Technology, 928 Block 28, Building D, Chulalongkorn 7 Alley, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Klein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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Park JS, Choi JH, Joung MY, Yang IG, Choi YS, Kang MJ, Ho MJ. Design of High-Payload Ascorbyl Palmitate Nanosuspensions for Enhanced Skin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:171. [PMID: 38399233 PMCID: PMC10891688 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A high-payload ascorbyl palmitate (AP) nanosuspension (NS) was designed to improve skin delivery following topical application. The AP-loaded NS systems were prepared using the bead-milling technique, and softly thickened into NS-loaded gel (NS-G) using hydrophilic polymers. The optimized NS-G system consisted of up to 75 mg/mL of AP, 0.5% w/v of polyoxyl-40 hydrogenated castor oil (Kolliphor® RH40) as the suspending agent, and 1.0% w/v of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na.CMC 700 K) as the thickening agent, in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). The NS-G system was embodied as follows: long and flaky nanocrystals, 493.2 nm in size, -48.7 mV in zeta potential, and 2.3 cP of viscosity with a shear rate of 100 s-1. Both NS and NS-G provided rapid dissolution of the poorly water-soluble antioxidant, which was comparable to that of the microemulsion gel (ME-G) containing AP in solubilized form. In an ex vivo skin absorption study using the Franz diffusion cell mounted on porcine skin, NS-G exhibited faster absorption in skin, providing approximately 4, 3, and 1.4 times larger accumulation than that of ME-G at 3, 6, and 12 h, respectively. Therefore, the high-payload NS makes it a promising platform for skin delivery of the lipid derivative of ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Myung-Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.P.); (J.-H.C.); (M.-Y.J.); (I.-G.Y.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Myoung-Jin Ho
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.P.); (J.-H.C.); (M.-Y.J.); (I.-G.Y.); (Y.-S.C.)
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Wang Z, Wang G, Lu H, Li H, Tang M, Tong A. Development of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:35. [PMID: 36418786 PMCID: PMC9684400 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first monoclonal antibody drug, muromonab-CD3, was approved for marketing in 1986, 165 antibody drugs have been approved or are under regulatory review worldwide. With the approval of new drugs for treating a wide range of diseases, including cancer and autoimmune and metabolic disorders, the therapeutic antibody drug market has experienced explosive growth. Monoclonal antibodies have been sought after by many biopharmaceutical companies and scientific research institutes due to their high specificity, strong targeting abilities, low toxicity, side effects, and high development success rate. The related industries and markets are growing rapidly, and therapeutic antibodies are one of the most important research and development areas in the field of biology and medicine. In recent years, great progress has been made in the key technologies and theoretical innovations provided by therapeutic antibodies, including antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-conjugated nuclides, bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and other antibody analogs. Additionally, therapeutic antibodies can be combined with technologies used in other fields to create new cross-fields, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), CAR-natural killer cells (CAR-NK), and other cell therapy. This review summarizes the latest approved or in regulatory review therapeutic antibodies that have been approved or that are under regulatory review worldwide, as well as clinical research on these approaches and their development, and outlines antibody discovery strategies that have emerged during the development of therapeutic antibodies, such as hybridoma technology, phage display, preparation of fully human antibody from transgenic mice, single B-cell antibody technology, and artificial intelligence-assisted antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqing Lu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjian Li
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Tang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pasquiers B, Benamara S, Felices M, Nguyen L, Declèves X. Review of the Existing Translational Pharmacokinetics Modeling Approaches Specific to Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) to Support the First-In-Human (FIH) Dose Selection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12754. [PMID: 36361546 PMCID: PMC9657028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has continuously growing in several diseases. However, their pharmacokinetics (PK) is complex due to their target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) profiles which can induce a non-linear PK. This point is particularly challenging during the pre-clinical and translational development of a new mAb. This article reviews and describes the existing PK modeling approaches used to translate the mAbs PK from animal to human for intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration routes. Several approaches are presented, from the most empirical models to full physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, with a focus on the population PK methods (compartmental and minimal PBPK models). They include the translational approaches for the linear part of the PK and the TMDD mechanism of mAbs. The objective of this article is to provide an up-to-date overview and future perspectives of the translational PK approaches for mAbs during a model-informed drug development (MIDD), since the field of PK modeling has gained recently significant interest for guiding mAbs drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Pasquiers
- PhinC Development, 91300 Massy, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Declèves
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
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A Pilot Study To Establish an Ovalbumin-induced Atopic Dermatitis Minipig Model. J Vet Res 2021; 65:307-313. [PMID: 34917843 PMCID: PMC8643094 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Because minipig skin is similar to human skin in anatomy and physiology, establishing an atopic dermatitis (AD) minipig model seems meaningful. Material and Methods We applied 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) or ovalbumin onto the back skin of five Yucatan minipigs aged 8-10 months and 19 kg in median weight. Two minipigs with the same parameters served as controls. Results Both DNFB and ovalbumin mediated epithelial hyperplasia, spongiosis, and immune cell infiltration in the dermis, which is a typical histopathological feature of AD. Moreover, AD upregulated the Th1- and Th2-related cytokine expressions in DNFB- or in ovalbumin-treated skin. Notably, AD-induced minipigs exhibited greater cytokine serum concentrations. Conclusion Histopathological finding and cytokine analysis revealed that DNFB or ovalbumin mediates AD. However, ovalbumin-treated minipig is a more reliable and precise AD model owing to the DNFB-induced severe skin damage. In summary, ovalbumin-treated skin shows similar AD as human in histopathological and molecular analysis.
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Denman S, Tellam R, Vuocolo T, Ingham A, Wijffels G, James P, Colditz I. Fleece rot and dermatophilosis (lumpy wool) in sheep: opportunities and challenges for new vaccines. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an21120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During prolonged wetting of the fleece, proliferation of bacterial flora often dominated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Dermatophilus congolensis can induce dermatitis and fleece damage termed fleece rot and dermatophilosis respectively, which predispose sheep to blowfly strike. A large research effort in the 1980s and 1990s on vaccines to control fleece rot and dermatophilosis met with limited success. This review examines theoretical and technological advances in microbial ecology, pathogenesis, immunology, vaccine development and the characterisation of microbial virulence factors that create new opportunities for development of vaccines against these diseases. Genomic technologies have now created new opportunities for examining microbial dynamics and pathogen virulence in dermatitis. An effective vaccine requires the combination of appropriate antigens with an adjuvant that elicits a protective immune response that ideally provides long-lasting protection in the field. A clinical goal informed by epidemiological, economic and animal welfare values is needed as a measure of vaccine efficacy. Due to dependence of fleece rot and dermatophilosis on sporadic wet conditions for their expression, vaccine development would be expedited by in vitro correlates of immune protection. The efficacy of vaccines is influenced by genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the animal. Advances in understanding vaccine responsiveness, immune defence in skin and immune competence in sheep should also inform any renewed efforts to develop new fleece rot and dermatophilosis vaccines. The commercial imperatives for new vaccines are likely to continue to increase as the animal welfare expectations of society intensify and reliance on pharmacotherapeutics decrease due to chemical resistance, market pressures and societal influences. Vaccines should be considered part of an integrated disease control strategy, in combination with genetic selection for general immune competence and resistance to specific diseases, as well as management practices that minimise stress and opportunities for disease transmission. The strategy could help preserve the efficacy of pharmacotherapeutics as tactical interventions to alleviate compromised welfare when adverse environmental conditions lead to a break down in integrated strategic disease control. P. aeruginosa and D. congolensis are formidable pathogens and development of effective vaccines remains a substantial challenge.
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Pichlsberger M, Jerman UD, Obradović H, Tratnjek L, Macedo AS, Mendes F, Fonte P, Hoegler A, Sundl M, Fuchs J, Schoeberlein A, Kreft ME, Mojsilović S, Lang-Olip I. Systematic Review of the Application of Perinatal Derivatives in Animal Models on Cutaneous Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:742858. [PMID: 34631683 PMCID: PMC8498585 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.742858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the beneficial effects of perinatal derivatives (PnD) in wound healing goes back to the early 1900s when the human fetal amniotic membrane served as a biological dressing to treat burns and skin ulcerations. Since the twenty-first century, isolated cells from perinatal tissues and their secretomes have gained increasing scientific interest, as they can be obtained non-invasively, have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-fibrotic characteristics, and are immunologically tolerated in vivo. Many studies that apply PnD in pre-clinical cutaneous wound healing models show large variations in the choice of the animal species (e.g., large animals, rodents), the choice of diabetic or non-diabetic animals, the type of injury (full-thickness wounds, burns, radiation-induced wounds, skin flaps), the source and type of PnD (placenta, umbilical cord, fetal membranes, cells, secretomes, tissue extracts), the method of administration (topical application, intradermal/subcutaneous injection, intravenous or intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous implantation), and the type of delivery systems (e.g., hydrogels, synthetic or natural biomaterials as carriers for transplanted cells, extracts or secretomes). This review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview of the application of PnD in wound healing to assess its efficacy in preclinical animal models. We highlight the advantages and limitations of the most commonly used animal models and evaluate the impact of the type of PnD, the route of administration, and the dose of cells/secretome application in correlation with the wound healing outcome. This review is a collaborative effort from the COST SPRINT Action (CA17116), which broadly aims at approaching consensus for different aspects of PnD research, such as providing inputs for future standards for the preclinical application of PnD in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Pichlsberger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Urška Dragin Jerman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Tratnjek
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Sofia Macedo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences-Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Mendes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Anja Hoegler
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Sundl
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Fuchs
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ingrid Lang-Olip
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Costa C, Fernandes B, Guimarães D, Nogueira E, Martins M, Matamá T, Cavaco-Paulo A. Comparing the delivery to the hair bulb of two fluorescent molecules of distinct hydrophilicities by different nanoparticles and a serum formulation. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120653. [PMID: 33915189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The follicular route is an important drug penetration pathway in any topical application, either concerning dermatological and cosmetic skin treatments or any transdermal administration regimen. Efficient transport into follicles will depend on drug inherent properties but also on the chosen vehicle. The main study goal was to compare several systems for the delivery to the hair bulb of two fluorescent molecules of different water affinities: the hydrophobic Nile Red and the quite similar but hydrophilic Nile Blue. Three common nanoparticle types were compared in terms of encapsulation efficiency and stability: liposomes, ethosomes and polymeric nanoparticles. A liquid serum-like formulation was also developed, adjusting the final ethanol amount to the type of dye to be solubilized. Then, this formulation and the nanoparticle systems that successfully passed characterization and stability stages were further studied on their ability to reach the bulb. The serum formulation was able to deliver, both drug models, to deeper follicular regions than nanoparticles. Attending to the envisioned zone target of the follicle, the simplest approach proved to be the best choice from all the systems tested in this work. Nonetheless, nanocarriers and the inherent complexity of their manufacturing processes may be justified under very specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fernandes
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Guimarães
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Nogueira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Solfarcos - Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Solutions Ltd, Praceta do Vilar, Urbanização Quinta dos Órfãos, Bloco A - Loja 6, 4710-453 Braga, Portugal
| | - Madalena Martins
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Solfarcos - Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Solutions Ltd, Praceta do Vilar, Urbanização Quinta dos Órfãos, Bloco A - Loja 6, 4710-453 Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Bertho N, Meurens F. The pig as a medical model for acquired respiratory diseases and dysfunctions: An immunological perspective. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:254-267. [PMID: 33933817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
By definition no model is perfect, and this also holds for biology and health sciences. In medicine, murine models are, and will be indispensable for long, thanks to their reasonable cost and huge choice of transgenic strains and molecular tools. On the other side, non-human primates remain the best animal models although their use is limited because of financial and obvious ethical reasons. In the field of respiratory diseases, specific clinical models such as sheep and cotton rat for bronchiolitis, or ferret and Syrian hamster for influenza and Covid-19, have been successfully developed, however, in these species, the toolbox for biological analysis remains scarce. In this view the porcine medical model is appearing as the third, intermediate, choice, between murine and primate. Herein we would like to present the pros and cons of pig as a model for acquired respiratory conditions, through an immunological point of view. Indeed, important progresses have been made in pig immunology during the last decade that allowed the precise description of immune molecules and cell phenotypes and functions. These progresses might allow the use of pig as clinical model of human respiratory diseases but also as a species of interest to perform basic research explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Meurens
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N5E3, Canada
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10
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Fernandes B, Matamá T, Andreia C. Gomes, Cavaco-Paulo A. Cyclosporin A-loaded poly(d,l-lactide) nanoparticles: a promising tool for treating alopecia. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1459-1469. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alopecia treatments are scarce and lack efficacy. Cyclosporin A (CsA) has hair growth-inducing properties but its poor cutaneous absorption undermines its use in topical treatments. Aim: Development of a new potential topical treatment of alopecia with CsA. Materials & methods: CsA-loaded poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA) nanoparticles were obtained and characterized. Skin permeation was evaluated in ex vivo porcine skin. Results: Nanoparticles with good physicochemical stability increased CsA skin permeation/hair follicles accumulation, compared with a noncolloidal formulation. CsA biocompatibility in NCTC2455 keratinocytes (reference skin cell line) was clearly improved when encapsulated in PLA nanoparticles. Conclusion: This work fosters further in vivo investigation of CsA-loaded PLA nanoparticles as a promising new strategy to treat alopecia, a very traumatic, possibly autoimmune, disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fernandes
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia C. Gomes
- CBMA – Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Ober RA, Geist GE. Assessment of a Noninvasive Chronic Glucose Monitoring System in Euglycemic and Diabetic Swine (Sus scrofa). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2020; 59. [PMID: 32284091 PMCID: PMC7338878 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Models of type-I diabetes are well-characterized and commonly used in the preclinical evaluation of drugs and medical devices. The diabetic minipig is an excellent example of a translational model. However, chronic glucose monitoring in this species can be challenging; frequent blood sampling can be technically difficult and poorly tolerated in conscious swine. Skin-patch continuous blood glucose monitors are FDA-approved for human use and offer a potential refinement to cageside blood collection. However, this modality has not been evaluated in pigs. In this study, young adult male STZ-induced diabetic Yucatan minipigs (n = 4) and healthy York pigs (n = 4) were implanted with a 14-d skin-patch continuous glucose monitor. Readings from continuous glucose monitors were time-matched to whole blood samples, with glucose measurements performed using point-of-care blood glucose monitors, serum chemistry or both. The aims of the study were to assess if a continuous glucose monitoring system could accurately detect glucose levels in swine, and to compare the readings toboth point-of-care glucometers and serum chemistry results. We hypothesized that a continuous glucose monitoring system would accurately detect glucose levels in swine in comparison with a validated analyzer and could serve as an animal welfarerefinement for studies of diabetes. We found that the continuous glucose monitor used in this study provided an adequateadjunct for clinical management in the stable diabetic pig and a minimally invasive and inexpensive option for colony maintenanceof chronically diabetic swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Ober
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gail E Geist
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Halimi M, Alishahi M, Abbaspour MR, Ghorbanpoor M, Tabandeh MR. High efficacy and economical procedure of oral vaccination against Lactococcus garvieae/Streptococcus iniae in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:505-513. [PMID: 32092407 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to examine the efficacy of chitosan-alginate coated vaccines against pathogenicity of Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae in rainbow trout. Fish were divided into four groups including: Group A: fish immunized by chitosan-alginate coated vaccine, Group B: fish immunized by non-coated vaccine, Group C: fish feed by chitosan-alginate coated pellets without vaccine and Group D: fish feed by basic diet (non-coated and without vaccine). In groups A and B, the vaccination was carried out for 14 days and after that supplemented with fundamental diet (control diet). Comparable to groups A and B, fish of group C were also fed 14 days with test diets and after that fed control food. On day 0, 20, 40 and 60 of the experiment, serum samples were given. Fish have been challenged with live L. garvieae and S. iniae after 60 days. The levels of bactericidal activity and complement activity among innate immunity components extended on day 20 of the research and after that decreased in group A and B (P < 0.05) all through the examination. The relative expression of IL-6 and IgM in groups A and B extended on examination day 20. The expression of these genes illustrated no advancements in different groups in during the examination (P > 0.05). In group A, the serum antibody titer against L. garvieae and S. iniae broadly raised on day 40 and 60 of examination, whereas in group B, the immune response titer against S. iniae and L. garvieae illustrated a significant elevation on day 60 of the trial (P < 0.05). After challenge with live bacteria, survival rate of 83 ± 9.1%(challenged with S. iniae) and 72.18 ± 9.8% (challenged with L. garvieae) were gotten independently in group A, which were higher than survival of other exploratory groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present examination appear that the orally vaccination of rainbow trout with chitosan-alginate covered vaccine stimulates immunity system and also efficiently protects rainbow trout against Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Halimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Alishahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaspour
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghorbanpoor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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Guzman E, Montoya M. Contributions of Farm Animals to Immunology. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:307. [PMID: 30574508 PMCID: PMC6292178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
By their very nature, great advances in immunology are usually underpinned by experiments carried out in animal models and inbred lines of mice. Also, their corresponding knock-out or knock-in derivatives have been the most commonly used animal systems in immunological studies. With much credit to their usefulness, laboratory mice will never provide all the answers to fully understand immunological processes. Large animal models offer unique biological and experimental advantages that have been and continue to be of great value to the understanding of biological and immunological processes. From the identification of B cells to the realization that γδ T cells can function as professional antigen presenting cells, farm animals have contributed significantly to a better understanding of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Montoya
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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14
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De Guzman K, Morrin A. Screen-printed Tattoo Sensor towards the Non-invasive Assessment of the Skin Barrier. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keana De Guzman
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Centre for Sensor Research; Insight Centre for Data Analytics; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Aoife Morrin
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Centre for Sensor Research; Insight Centre for Data Analytics; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
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15
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Fernandes B, Silva R, Ribeiro A, Matamá T, Gomes AC, Cavaco-Paulo AM. Improved Poly (D,L-lactide) nanoparticles-based formulation for hair follicle targeting. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:282-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Fernandes
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB); University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - R. Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB); University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - A. Ribeiro
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB); University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - T. Matamá
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB); University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - A. C. Gomes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - A. M. Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB); University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
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16
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Conte C, Caldera F, Catanzano O, D'Angelo I, Ungaro F, Miro A, Pellosi DS, Trotta F, Quaglia F. β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges as Multifunctional Ingredient in Water-Containing Semisolid Formulations for Skin Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3941-3949. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Summerfield A, Meurens F, Ricklin ME. The immunology of the porcine skin and its value as a model for human skin. Mol Immunol 2014; 66:14-21. [PMID: 25466611 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The porcine skin has striking similarities to the human skin in terms of general structure, thickness, hair follicle content, pigmentation, collagen and lipid composition. This has been the basis for numerous studies using the pig as a model for wound healing, transdermal delivery, dermal toxicology, radiation and UVB effects. Considering that the skin also represents an immune organ of utmost importance for health, immune cells present in the skin of the pig will be reviewed. The focus of this review is on dendritic cells, which play a central role in the skin immune system as they serve as sentinels in the skin, which offers a large surface area exposed to the environment. Based on a literature review and original data we propose a classification of porcine dendritic cell subsets in the skin corresponding to the subsets described in the human skin. The equivalent of the human CD141(+) DC subset is CD1a(-)CD4(-)CD172a(-)CADM1(high), that of the CD1c(+) subset is CD1a(+)CD4(-)CD172a(+)CADM1(+/low), and porcine plasmacytoid dendritic cells are CD1a(-)CD4(+)CD172a(+)CADM1(-). CD209 and CD14 could represent markers of inflammatory monocyte-derived cells, either dendritic cells or macrophages. Future studies for example using transriptomic analysis of sorted populations are required to confirm the identity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
| | - François Meurens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Meret E Ricklin
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
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18
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Marquet F, Vu Manh TP, Maisonnasse P, Elhmouzi-Younes J, Urien C, Bouguyon E, Jouneau L, Bourge M, Simon G, Ezquerra A, Lecardonnel J, Bonneau M, Dalod M, Schwartz-Cornil I, Bertho N. Pig Skin Includes Dendritic Cell Subsets Transcriptomically Related to Human CD1a and CD14 Dendritic Cells Presenting Different Migrating Behaviors and T Cell Activation Capacities. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5883-93. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Mishra DK, Dhote V, Mishra PK. Transdermal immunization: biological framework and translational perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 10:183-200. [PMID: 23256860 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.746660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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20
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A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of the Minipig: Data Compilation and Model Implementation. Pharm Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Kumar S, Sahdev P, Perumal O, Tummala H. Identification of a Novel Skin Penetration Enhancement Peptide by Phage Display Peptide Library Screening. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1320-30. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200594z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
57006, United States
| | - Preety Sahdev
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
57006, United States
| | - Omathanu Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
57006, United States
| | - Hemachand Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
57006, United States
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22
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Zheng Y, Tesar DB, Benincosa L, Birnböck H, Boswell CA, Bumbaca D, Cowan KJ, Danilenko DM, Daugherty AL, Fielder PJ, Grimm HP, Joshi A, Justies N, Kolaitis G, Lewin-Koh N, Li J, McVay S, O'Mahony J, Otteneder M, Pantze M, Putnam WS, Qiu ZJ, Ruppel J, Singer T, Stauch O, Theil FP, Visich J, Yang J, Ying Y, Khawli LA, Richter WF. Minipig as a potential translatable model for monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics after intravenous and subcutaneous administration. MAbs 2012; 4:243-55. [PMID: 22453096 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.4.2.19387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous (SC) delivery is a common route of administration for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) properties requiring long-term or frequent drug administration. An ideal in vivo preclinical model for predicting human PK following SC administration may be one in which the skin and overall physiological characteristics are similar to that of humans. In this study, the PK properties of a series of therapeutic mAbs following intravenous (IV) and SC administration in Göttingen minipigs were compared with data obtained previously from humans. The present studies demonstrated: (1) minipig is predictive of human linear clearance; (2) the SC bioavailabilities in minipigs are weakly correlated with those in human; (3) minipig mAb SC absorption rates are generally higher than those in human and (4) the SC bioavailability appears to correlate with systemic clearance in minipigs. Given the important role of the neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn) in the PK of mAbs, the in vitro binding affinities of these IgGs against porcine, human and cynomolgus monkey FcRn were tested. The result showed comparable FcRn binding affinities across species. Further, mAbs with higher isoelectric point tended to have faster systemic clearance and lower SC bioavailability in both minipig and human. Taken together, these data lend increased support for the use of the minipig as an alternative predictive model for human IV and SC PK of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zheng
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Devin B Tesar
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lisa Benincosa
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Pharma Research and Early Development; Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.; Nutley, NJ USA
| | - Herbert Birnböck
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Daniela Bumbaca
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kyra J Cowan
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Ann L Daugherty
- Drug Delivery, Pharma Technical Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Paul J Fielder
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Hans Peter Grimm
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amita Joshi
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Nicole Justies
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerry Kolaitis
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Pharma Research and Early Development; Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.; Nutley, NJ USA
| | | | - Jing Li
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Sami McVay
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jennifer O'Mahony
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Michael Otteneder
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Pantze
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wendy S Putnam
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Zhihua J Qiu
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jane Ruppel
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Thomas Singer
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Stauch
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank-Peter Theil
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jennifer Visich
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jihong Yang
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Yong Ying
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Leslie A Khawli
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Wolfgang F Richter
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Bertho N, Marquet F, Pascale F, Kang C, Bonneau M, Schwartz-Cornil I. Steady state pig dendritic cells migrating in skin draining pseudo-afferent lymph are semi-mature. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:430-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Li N, Peng LH, Chen X, Nakagawa S, Gao JQ. Transcutaneous vaccines: Novel advances in technology and delivery for overcoming the barriers. Vaccine 2011; 29:6179-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Eichelberger MC, Green MD. Animal models to assess the toxicity, immunogenicity and effectiveness of candidate influenza vaccines. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:1117-27. [PMID: 21749266 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.602065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Every year, > 100 million doses of licensed influenza vaccine are administered worldwide, with relatively few serious adverse events reported. Initiatives to manufacture influenza vaccines on different platforms have come about to ensure timely production of strain-specific as well as universal vaccines. To prevent adverse events that may be associated with these new vaccines, it is important to evaluate the toxicity of new formulations in animal models. AREAS COVERED This review outlines preclinical studies that evaluate safety, immunogenicity and effectiveness of novel products to support further development and clinical trials. This has been done through a review of the latest literature describing vaccines under development. EXPERT OPINION The objective of preclinical safety tests is to demonstrate the absence of toxic contaminants and adventitious agents. Additional tests that characterize vaccine content more completely, or demonstrate the absence of exacerbated disease following virus challenge in vaccinated animals, may provide additional data to ensure the safety of new vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna C Eichelberger
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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26
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Poree DE, Giles MD, Lawson LB, He J, Grayson SM. Synthesis of amphiphilic star block copolymers and their evaluation as transdermal carriers. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:898-906. [PMID: 21341702 PMCID: PMC3081539 DOI: 10.1021/bm101185t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic star polymers offer substantial promise for a range of drug delivery applications owing to their ability to encapsulate guest molecules. One appealing but underexplored application is transdermal drug delivery using star block copolymer reverse micelles as an alternative to the more common oral and intravenous routes. We prepared 6- and 12-arm amphiphilic star copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of sequential blocks of polar oligo (ethylene glycol)methacrylate and nonpolar lauryl methacrylate from brominated dendritic macroinitiators based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid. These star block copolymers demonstrate the ability to encapsulate polar dyes such as rhodamine B and FITC-BSA in nonpolar media via UV/vis spectroscopic studies and exhibit substantially improved encapsulation efficiencies, relative to self-assembled "1-arm" linear block copolymer analogs. Furthermore, their transdermal carrier capabilities were demonstrated in multiple dye diffusion studies using porcine skin, verifying penetration of the carriers into the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawanne E Poree
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans Louisiana 70118, United States
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27
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Marquet F, Bonneau M, Pascale F, Urien C, Kang C, Schwartz-Cornil I, Bertho N. Characterization of dendritic cells subpopulations in skin and afferent lymph in the swine model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16320. [PMID: 21298011 PMCID: PMC3029332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous delivery of vaccines to specific skin dendritic cells (DC) subsets is foreseen as a promising strategy to induce strong and specific types of immune responses such as tolerance, cytotoxicity or humoral immunity. Because of striking histological similarities between human and pig skin, pig is recognized as the most suitable model to study the cutaneous delivery of medicine. Therefore improving the knowledge on swine skin DC subsets would be highly valuable to the skin vaccine field. In this study, we showed that pig skin DC comprise the classical epidermal langerhans cells (LC) and dermal DC (DDC) that could be divided in 3 subsets according to their phenotypes: (1) the CD163neg/CD172aneg, (2) the CD163highCD172apos and (3) the CD163lowCD172apos DDC. These subtypes have the capacity to migrate from skin to lymph node since we detected them in pseudo-afferent lymph. Extensive phenotyping with a set of markers suggested that the CD163high DDC resemble the antibody response-inducing human skin DC/macrophages whereas the CD163negCD172low DDC share properties with the CD8+ T cell response-inducing murine skin CD103pos DC. This work, by showing similarities between human, mouse and swine skin DC, establishes pig as a model of choice for the development of transcutaneous immunisation strategies targeting DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Marquet
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michel Bonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Imagerie Interventionnelle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florentina Pascale
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Centre de Recherche en Imagerie Interventionnelle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Celine Urien
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Chantal Kang
- Centre de Recherche en Imagerie Interventionnelle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Isabelle Schwartz-Cornil
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail: (NB); (IS-C)
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail: (NB); (IS-C)
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28
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Manconi M, Caddeo C, Sinico C, Valenti D, Mostallino MC, Biggio G, Fadda AM. Ex vivo skin delivery of diclofenac by transcutol containing liposomes and suggested mechanism of vesicle-skin interaction. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 78:27-35. [PMID: 21167279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we described a novel family of liposomes, the Penetration Enhancer-containing Vesicles (PEVs), as carriers for enhanced (trans)dermal drug delivery. In this study, to go deeply into the potential of these new vesicles and suggest the possible mechanism of vesicle-skin interaction, we investigated transcutol containing PEVs as carriers for diclofenac, in the form of either acid or sodium salt. PEVs, prepared with soy phosphatidylcholine and aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of transcutol, were characterized by size distribution, zeta potential, incorporation efficiency, thermotropic behavior, and stability. (Trans)dermal diclofenac delivery from PEVs was investigated ex vivo through new born pig skin using conventional liposomes and a commercial gel as controls. The mode of action of the vesicles was also studied by performing a pre-treatment test and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses. Results of the all skin permeation experiments showed an improved diclofenac (both acid and sodium salt) delivery to and through the skin when PEVs were used (especially in comparison with the commercial gel) thus suggesting intact PEVs' penetration through the pig skin. Images of the qualitative CLSM analyses support this conclusion. Thus, this work shows the superior ability of the PEVs to enhance ex vivo drug transport of both hydrophilic and lipophilic diclofenac forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manconi
- Department Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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29
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Mosconi T, Gruber T. Immunohistochemical comparison of whisker pad cutaneous innervation in Swiss Webster and hairless mice. Somatosens Mot Res 2010; 27:149-73. [PMID: 20961209 DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2010.513597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To establish the mouse mutant, hairless (Hr), as a useful model for future analyses of target-ending interactions, we assessed the cutaneous innervation in the whisker pad after loss of primary hair targets. Postnatal (P) development of fur in Hr begins similarly to that of "normal" Swiss Webster (SW) mice. Around P10, hairs are shed and the follicles rendered permanently incompetent. Hair loss progresses rostrocaudally until the entire skin is denuded. Substantial alterations in the distribution and density of sensory and autonomic endings in the mystacial pad vibrissal and intervibrissal fur innervation were discovered. Pilo-neural complexes innervating fur hairs were dismantled in Hr. Epidermal innervation in SW was rich; only a few endings expressed growth-associated protein-43 kdal (GAP), suggesting limited changes in axonal elongation. Innervation in Hr formed a dense layer passing upward through the thickened epidermis, with substantial increases among all types of endings. Vibrissal follicle-sinus complexes were also hyperinnervated. Endings in Hr vibrissae and fur were strongly GAP-positive, suggesting reorganization of innervation. Dermal and vascular autonomic innervation in both strains co-localized tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y, but only in Hr did neuropeptide Y co-localize calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and express GAP immunolabeling. Stereological quantitation of trigeminal ganglia revealed no differences in neuron number between Hr and SW, although there were small increases in cell volume in Hr trigeminal ganglion cells. These results suggested that a form of collateral sprouting was active in Hr mystacial pads, not in response to local injury, but as a result of loss of primary target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Mosconi
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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Tan G, Xu P, Lawson LB, He J, Freytag LC, Clements JD, John VT. Hydration effects on skin microstructure as probed by high-resolution cryo-scanning electron microscopy and mechanistic implications to enhanced transcutaneous delivery of biomacromolecules. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:730-40. [PMID: 19582754 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although hydration is long known to improve the permeability of skin, penetration of macromolecules such as proteins is limited and the understanding of enhanced transport is based on empirical observations. This study uses high-resolution cryo-scanning electron microscopy to visualize microstructural changes in the stratum corneum (SC) and enable a mechanistic interpretation of biomacromolecule penetration through highly hydrated porcine skin. Swollen corneocytes, separation of lipid bilayers in the SC intercellular space to form cisternae, and networks of spherical particulates are observed in porcine skin tissue hydrated for a period of 4-10 h. This is explained through compaction of skin lipids when hydrated, a reversal in the conformational transition from unilamellar liposomes in lamellar granules to lamellae between keratinocytes when the SC skin barrier is initially established. Confocal microscopy studies show distinct enhancement in penetration of fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) through skin hydrated for 4-10 h, and limited penetration of FITC-BSA once skin is restored to its natively hydrated structure when exposed to the environment for 2-3 h. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of a 4-10 h hydration period to enhance transcutaneous penetration of large biomacromolecules without permanently damaging the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Tan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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Effect of Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Solution on Healing of Experimental Partial-Thickness Burns. World J Surg 2010; 34:1663-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-010-0420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Delivery of biologically active agents to animals is often perceived to be the poor relation of human drug delivery. Yet this field has a long and successful history of species-specific device and formulation development, ranging from simple approaches and devices used in production animals to more sophisticated formulations and approaches for a wide range of species. While several technologies using biodegradable polymers have been successfully marketed in a range of veterinary and human products, the transfer of delivery technologies has not been similarly applied across species. This may be due to a combination of specific technical requirements for use of devices in different species, inter-species pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and physiological differences, and distinct market drivers for drug classes used in companion and food-producing animals. This chapter reviews selected commercialised and research-based parenteral and non-parenteral veterinary drug delivery technologies in selected domestic species. Emphasis is also placed on the impact of endogenous drug transporters on drug distribution characteristics in different species. In vitro models used to investigate carrier-dependent transport are reviewed. Species-specific expression of transporters in several tissues can account for inter-animal or inter-species pharmacokinetic variability, lack of predictability of drug efficacy, and potential drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Brayden
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD) and UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Combadière B, Mahé B. Particle-based vaccines for transcutaneous vaccination. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 31:293-315. [PMID: 17915323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunization concepts evolve with increasing knowledge of how the immune system works and the development of new vaccination methods. Traditional vaccines are made of live, attenuated, killed or fragmented pathogens. New vaccine strategies can take advantage of particulate compounds--microspheres or nanoparticles--to target antigen-presenting cells better, which must subsequently reach the secondary lymphoid organs, which are the sites of the immune response. The use of the skin as a target organ for vaccine delivery stems from the fact that immature dendritic cells (DCs), which are professional antigen-presenting cells can be found at high density in the epidermis and dermis of human or animal skin. This has led to design various methods of dermal or transcutaneous vaccination. The quality and duration of the humoral and cellular responses to vaccination depend on the appropriate targeting of antigen-presenting cells, of the vaccine dose, route of administration and use of adjuvant. In this review, we will focus on the use of micro- and nano-particles to target the skin antigen-presenting cells and will discuss recent advances in the field of transcutaneous vaccination in animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behazine Combadière
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U543, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris, France.
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34
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Glenn GM, Flyer DC, Ellingsworth LR, Frech SA, Frerichs DM, Seid RC, Yu J. Transcutaneous immunization with heat-labile enterotoxin: development of a needle-free vaccine patch. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007; 6:809-19. [PMID: 17931160 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.6.5.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The skin is an attractive target for vaccine delivery. Adjuvants and antigens delivered into the skin can result in potent immune responses and an unmatched safety profile. The heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) from Escherichia coli, which acts both as antigen and adjuvant, has been shown to be delivered to human skin efficiently when used in a patch, resulting in strong immune responses. Iomai scientists have capitalized on these observations to develop late-stage products based on LT. This has encouraged commercial-level product development of a delivery system that is efficient, user-friendly and designed to address important medical needs. Over the past 2 years, extensive clinical testing and optimization has allowed the patch to evolve to a late-stage product. As a strategy for approval of a revolutionary vaccine-delivery system, the singular focus on optimization of LT delivery has enabled technical progress to extend patch-vaccine product development beyond LT. The field efficacy of the LT-based travelers' diarrhea vaccine has validated this approach. The discussion of transcutaneous immunization is unique, in that any consideration of the adjuvant must also include delivery, and the significant advances in a commercial patch application system are described. In this review, we integrate these concepts, update the clinical data and look to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Glenn
- Iomai Corporation, 20 Firstfield Road, Suite 250, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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35
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Cilurzo F, Minghetti P, Sinico C. Newborn pig skin as model membrane in in vitro drug permeation studies: a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E94. [PMID: 18181554 DOI: 10.1208/pt0804094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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36
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Fleece rot and dermatophilosis in sheep. Vet Microbiol 2007; 128:217-30. [PMID: 18055136 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fleece rot and dermatophilosis reduce health and production of sheep and predispose them to blow fly strike. This paper reviews aetiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, resistance, attempts to develop vaccines and prospects for new control strategies to these important skin diseases. Although the severity of fleece rot is associated with the abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on skin, microbial ecology studies are providing new insights into the contribution of other bacteria to the disease. Wool traits and body conformation traits that predispose sheep to fleece rot and dermatophilosis are heritable and have been used as indirect selection criteria for resistance for many years. Selection against BoLA-DRB3-DQB class II haplotype in cattle can substantially reduce the prevalence of dermatophilosis and holds promise for identification of gene markers for resistance to these bacterial diseases in sheep. Immune responses in skin and systemic antibody responses to bacterial antigens are acquired through natural infection and contribute to resistance; however, prototype antibacterial vaccines have to date failed to provide protection against the diversity of isolates of Dermatophilus congolensis and Pseudomonas species present in the field. Opportunities for future control through breeding for resistance, vaccines and non-vaccine strategies for controlling the microbial ecology of fleece are discussed. In combination, control strategies need to reduce the risk of transmission, minimise exposure of animals to stressors that enhance the risk of infection, and enhance resistance though genetics or vaccines.
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Abstract
The skin is populated with Langerhans cells, thought to be efficient, potent antigen-presenting cells, that are capable of inducing protective immunity by targeting antigen delivery to the skin. Delivery to the skin may be accomplished by active delivery such as intradermal injection, use of patches or a combination of a universal adjuvant patch with injections. The robust immunity induced by skin targeting can lead to dose sparing, novel vaccines and immune enhancement in populations with poorly responsive immune systems, such as the elderly. Vaccine delivery with patches (transcutaneous immunization), may allow self-administration, ambient temperature stabilization and ease of storage for stockpiling, leading to a new level of efficient vaccine distribution in times of crisis such as a bioterror event or pandemic influenza outbreak. The use of an adjuvant (immunostimulant) patch with injected vaccines has been shown in clinical studies to enhance the immune response to an injected vaccine. This can be used for dose sparing in pandemic influenza vaccines in critically short supply or immune enhancement for poor responders to flu vaccines such as the elderly. Transcutaneous immunization offers a unique safety profile, as adjuvants are sequestered in the skin and only delivered systemically by Langerhans cells. This results in an excellent safety profile and allows use of extremely potent adjuvants. The combination of the skin immune system, safe use of potent adjuvants and ease of delivery suggests that skin delivery of vaccines can address multiple unmet needs for mass vaccination scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Glenn
- Iomai Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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38
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Cox E, Verdonck F, Vanrompay D, Goddeeris B. Adjuvants modulating mucosal immune responses or directing systemic responses towards the mucosa. Vet Res 2006; 37:511-39. [PMID: 16611561 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2006014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing veterinary mucosal vaccines and vaccination strategies, mucosal adjuvants are one of the key players for inducing protective immune responses. Most of the mucosal adjuvants seem to exert their effect via binding to a receptor/or target cells and these properties were used to classify the mucosal adjuvants reviewed in the present paper: (1) ganglioside receptor-binding toxins (cholera toxin, LT enterotoxin, their B subunits and mutants); (2) surface immunoglobulin binding complex CTA1-DD; (3) TLR4 binding lipopolysaccharide; (4) TLR2-binding muramyl dipeptide; (5) Mannose receptor-binding mannan; (6) Dectin-1-binding ss 1,3/1,6 glucans; (7) TLR9-binding CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides; (8) Cytokines and chemokines; (9) Antigen-presenting cell targeting ISCOMATRIX and ISCOM. In addition, attention is given to two adjuvants able to prime the mucosal immune system following a systemic immunization, namely 1alpha, 25(OH)2D3 and cholera toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Abstract
Stratum corneum intercellular lipids play an important role in the regulation of skin water barrier homeostasis and water-holding capacity. Modification of intercellular lipid organization and composition may impair these properties. Patients with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and some genetic disorders have diminished skin barrier function. Lipid composition in diseased skin is characterized by decreased levels of ceramide and altered ceramide profiles. To clarify mechanisms underlying ceramides as a causative factor of skin disease, investigators have examined the activity of enzymes in the stratum corneum on ceramide production and degradation. The activities of ceramidase, sphingomyelin deacylase, and glucosylceramide deacylase are increased in epidermal atopic dermatitis. Investigators have also compared the expression levels of sphingolipid activator protein in the epidermis of normal and diseased skin. A decreased level of prosaposin has been identified in both atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. These results indicate that decreased ceramide level is a major etiologic factor in skin diseases. Hence, topical skin lipid supplementation may provide opportunities for controlling ceramide deficiency and improving skin condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Jun Choi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0989, USA
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40
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Kohli AK, Alpar HO. Potential use of nanoparticles for transcutaneous vaccine delivery: effect of particle size and charge. Int J Pharm 2004; 275:13-7. [PMID: 15081134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2003] [Revised: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 10/31/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of size and charge on the permeation of nanoparticles through the skin as the first step in designing a transdermal vaccine delivery system. Fluorescent particles ranging in size and charge were applied to the surface of full thickness pig skin in a diffusion chamber and the receptor fluid was assayed to determine permeation. Fluorescence microscopy was used to visualise the skin after experiments. The results showed that only 50 and 500 nm particles that were negatively charged were able to permeate the skin. This provides evidence of the potential of nanoparticles as delivery vectors for antigens and DNA for the purpose of transdermal vaccination protocols. The results would indicate that negative particles with sufficient charge may be ideal carriers for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Kohli
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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41
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Choi MJ, Zhai H, Löffler H, Dreher F, Maibach HI. Effect of Tape Stripping on Percutaneous Penetration and Topical Vaccination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1159/000078695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Glenn GM, Kenney RT, Hammond SA, Ellingsworth LR. Transcutaneous immunization and immunostimulant strategies. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2004; 23:787-813. [PMID: 14753392 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8561(03)00094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides an attractive immune environment for vaccine delivery and a safe and confined anatomic space for the use of potent adjuvants. It has been presumed that LCs as a class of dendritic cells should stimulate potent immune responses when activated by adjuvants, and this theory is beginning to be validated. Progress on simple pretreatment of the skin has led to well-developed, simple-to-use protocols that are not dissimilar from current protocols used to cleanse the skin before injection. Antigen and adjuvant formulation optimization has progressed, leading to phase 2 testing of the technology in formulated, manufacturable patches. Although delivery optimization and product testing is challenging, the major biologic observations underlying TCI and the IS patch have been established clearly in that large protein antigens have been delivered clinically, resulting in robust immune responses in a safe manner. During the next 5 years, the challenge will be to conduct a development program that leads to safe and effective vaccination in the context of specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Glenn
- IOMAI Corporation, 20 Firstfield Road, Suite 250, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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44
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Shkreta L, Talbot BG, Lacasse P. Optimization of DNA vaccination immune responses in dairy cows: effect of injection site and the targeting efficacy of antigen-bCTLA-4 complex. Vaccine 2003; 21:2372-82. [PMID: 12744868 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of immunization site and antigen presenting cell targeting on cattle immune responses to DNA immunization. Cows were vaccinated with the plasmid expression vector pCI alone, pCI encoding the bacterial antigen beta-galactosidase (pCI-beta-gal) or pCI encoding bCTLA 4 fused to beta-gal (pCI-bCTLA-hIgG-beta-gal). The plasmids were delivered by intramuscular, intradermal, intramammary gland, or intra supramammary lymph node needle-injection. Both vaccines induced significant humoral and cellular immune responses. pCI-beta-gal elicited a higher IgG response than immunization with pCI-bCTLA-hIgG-beta-gal. Cows injected intramuscularly and intramammary had higher IgG and IgG-1 humoral responses than cows immunized intradermaly or in the lymph nodes. The injection site did not significantly affect the magnitude of the IgG2 and IgM antibody responses, although a trend similar to the IgG results was observed. The lymphocyte proliferation index was higher with pCI-beta-gal but was not affected by the injection site. These results suggest that in bovine, the injection site can affect immune responses but they do not provide evidence that bCTLA-4-hIgG-antigen targeting is effective in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulzim Shkreta
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Sherbrooke, Canada J1K 2R1
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45
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Glenn GM, Kenney RT, Ellingsworth LR, Frech SA, Hammond SA, Zoeteweij JP. Transcutaneous immunization and immunostimulant strategies: capitalizing on the immunocompetence of the skin. Expert Rev Vaccines 2003; 2:253-67. [PMID: 12899576 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2.2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The skin is an attractive target for vaccine delivery. Topical application of adjuvants results in potent immune responses and good safety profiles. Adjuvants can be coadministered in a patch with vaccine antigens (transcutaneous immunization) or similar delivery format, or administered separately with an injection or IS patch (Iomai), leading to enhanced immune responses. These observations have moved into the clinic, highlighting the likelihood that skin delivery of vaccines will play an important future role in vaccine applications.
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46
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Hein WR, Griebel PJ. A road less travelled: large animal models in immunological research. Nat Rev Immunol 2003; 3:79-84. [PMID: 12511878 DOI: 10.1038/nri977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The main advances in immunology have been forged or underpinned by animal experiments. However, animal research now focuses excessively on one laboratory species, and there is too much redundant repetition and too few transfers from basic discovery to successful clinical application. These features can be improved markedly by placing more emphasis on biological relevance when evaluating animal models and by taking greater advantage of the unique experimental opportunities that are offered by large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Hein
- AgResearch Limited, Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, Ward Street, PO Box 40063, Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
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47
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Cui Z, Fountain W, Clark M, Jay M, Mumper RJ. Novel ethanol-in-fluorocarbon microemulsions for topical genetic immunization. Pharm Res 2003; 20:16-23. [PMID: 12608531 PMCID: PMC7101539 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022234305600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditionally, vaccines have been administered by needle injection. Topical immunization through the intact skin with either protein- or DNA-based vaccines has attracted much attention recently. We sought to enhance the immune responses induced by DNA-based vaccines after topical application by developing novel ethanol-in-fluorocarbon (E/F) microemulsion systems to aid in the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA). METHODS Ten different fluorosurfactants were selected or synthesized and screened by pseudo-phase-diagram construction for their ability to form E/F microemulsions. Plasmid DNA was successfully incorporated into E/F microemulsions using several different fluorosurfactants and perfluorooctyl bromide as the continuous fluorocarbon phase. For several reasons, Zonyl FSN-100 (an ethoxylated nonionic fluorosurfactant) was selected for further studies. In vivo studies were performed in mice to assess pDNA expression in skin and immunologic responses after topical application of this system using a luciferase-encoding plasmid (CMV-luciferase) and a CMV-beta-galactosidase-encoding plasmid, respectively. RESULTS Plasmid DNA incorporated into E/F microemulsion using FSN-100 as the surfactant was found to be stable. After topical application of this E/F microemulsion system, significant enhancements in luciferase expression and antibody and T-helper type-1 biased immune responses were observed relative to those of "naked" pDNA in saline or ethanol. For example, with the E/F microemulsion system, the specific serum IgG and IgA titers were increased by 45-fold and over 1000-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION A novel fluorocarbon-based microemulsion system for potential DNA vaccine delivery was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082
| | - William Fountain
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082
| | - Michael Clark
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082
| | - Michael Jay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082
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De Rose R, Tennent J, McWaters P, Chaplin PJ, Wood PR, Kimpton W, Cahill R, Scheerlinck JPY. Efficacy of DNA vaccination by different routes of immunisation in sheep. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2002; 90:55-63. [PMID: 12406655 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination, delivered through various routes, has been used extensively in laboratory animals. Few studies have focused on veterinary species and while results obtained in laboratory animals can often be extrapolated to veterinary species this is not always the case. In this study we have compared the effect of the route of immunisation with DNA on the induction of immune responses and protection of sheep to challenge with live Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA encoding an inactivated form of the phospholipase D (PLD) antigen linked to CTLA4-Ig resulted in the induction of a strong memory response and sterile immunity following challenge in 45% of the animals. In contrast, gene gun delivery or subcutaneous (SC) injection of the DNA vaccine induced comparatively poor responses and insignificant levels of protection. Thus, DNA vaccine efficacy in sheep is strongly influenced by the route of vaccination. Amongst intramuscular vaccinates, protected sheep had significantly elevated IgG2 responses compared to unprotected animals, while both subgroups had equivalent IgG1 levels. This suggests that the presence of IgG2 antibodies and hence a Th1-like response, induced by the DNA vaccine gave rise to protective immunity against C. pseudotuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert De Rose
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, CSIRO Livestock Industries, Private Bag No 24, Vic 3220, Geelong, Australia.
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49
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Abstract
Inoculation of naked DNA represents a novel approach to vaccine and immune therapeutic development. DNA vaccines or genetic immunization offers several advantages over the conventional vaccines for specific immune activation. Although a large number of vaccines have been made and are being used in the poultry industry, there have been no major advances in vaccine technology for this animal industry sector for decades. The potential advantages of DNA vaccines, such as over coming maternal immunity, in ovo delivery and absence of requirement for a cold-chain, combined with immunological efficacy make this new vaccine technology very attractive for the poultry industry. This review lists all of the published reports of experimental DNA vaccines developed for use in poultry and focuses on the trends, potentials and remaining barriers in the development of this new revolution in poultry vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Oshop
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-3711, USA
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50
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Heckert RA, Elankumaran S, Oshop GL, Vakharia VN. A novel transcutaneous plasmid-dimethylsulfoxide delivery technique for avian nucleic acid immunization. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2002; 89:67-81. [PMID: 12208052 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we show that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) enhances liposome-mediated transfection of nucleic acid in chicken macrophage cells and that this could be exploited for the transcutaneous delivery of naked DNA through the intact skin of chickens. We found that DMSO enhanced transfection efficiencies of lipofectamine and polyethyleneimine in HD-11 chicken macrophage cells. Based on this principle, we showed that transcutaneous delivery of a DNA plasmid-dimethylsulfoxide mixture (1:1) to untreated skin of chickens results in a wide distribution of the plasmid in the body. Distribution studies were done using plasmids encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene and a bivalent DNA vaccine coding for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) immunogenic protein genes. This bivalent vaccine induced mucosal and systemic immune responses, as evidenced by IgA and IgM production in the tears and serum of vaccinated chickens. Mucosal immune responses in the tears after topical vaccination were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than after i.m. delivery of the same DNA vaccine and were characterized by the absence of an IgG response. The biodistribution of plasmid indicated that topical delivery with DMSO resulted in a wide distribution and persistence of the plasmid until 15 weeks post-primary vaccination. Both delivery methods resulted in insert-specific message being made in several body tissues, but after topical delivery the virus-specific mRNA could be detected in the bone marrow of one out of three chickens until 15 weeks post-primary vaccination. Furthermore, transcutaneous delivery of this DNA vaccine using DMSO conferred protection from challenge with virulent IBDV (86% survival) and NDV (86% survival). This novel transcutaneous method of delivery of a DNA vaccine shows promise as being an easy and effective way to deliver nucleic acids through intact skin for vaccination or therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Heckert
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-3711, USA.
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