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Ahsan SM, Injamum-Ul-Hoque M, Das AK, Rahman MM, Mollah MMI, Paul NC, Choi HW. Plant-Entomopathogenic Fungi Interaction: Recent Progress and Future Prospects on Endophytism-Mediated Growth Promotion and Biocontrol. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1420. [PMID: 38794490 PMCID: PMC11124879 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi, often acknowledged primarily for their insecticidal properties, fulfill diverse roles within ecosystems. These roles encompass endophytism, antagonism against plant diseases, promotion of the growth of plants, and inhabitation of the rhizosphere, occurring both naturally and upon artificial inoculation, as substantiated by a growing body of contemporary research. Numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial aspects of endophytic colonization. This review aims to systematically organize information concerning the direct (nutrient acquisition and production of phytohormones) and indirect (resistance induction, antibiotic and secondary metabolite production, siderophore production, and mitigation of abiotic and biotic stresses) implications of endophytic colonization. Furthermore, a thorough discussion of these mechanisms is provided. Several challenges, including isolation complexities, classification of novel strains, and the impact of terrestrial location, vegetation type, and anthropogenic reluctance to use fungal entomopathogens, have been recognized as hurdles. However, recent advancements in biotechnology within microbial research hold promising solutions to many of these challenges. Ultimately, the current constraints delineate potential future avenues for leveraging endophytic fungal entomopathogens as dual microbial control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ahsan
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
| | - Md. Injamum-Ul-Hoque
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.I.-U.-H.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.I.-U.-H.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Md. Mahi Imam Mollah
- Department of Entomology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh;
| | - Narayan Chandra Paul
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Cannabis Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
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Waqar S, Bhat AA, Khan AA. Endophytic fungi: Unravelling plant-endophyte interaction and the multifaceted role of fungal endophytes in stress amelioration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108174. [PMID: 38070242 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi colonize interior plant tissue and mostly form mutualistic associations with their host plant. Plant-endophyte interaction is a complex mechanism and is currently a focus of research to understand the underlying mechanism of endophyte asymptomatic colonization, the process of evading plant immune response, modulation of gene expression, and establishment of a balanced mutualistic relationship. Fungal endophytes rely on plant hosts for nutrients, shelter, and transmission and improve the host plant's tolerance against biotic stresses, including -herbivores, nematodes, bacterial, fungal, viral, nematode, and other phytopathogens. Endophytic fungi have been reported to improve plant health by reducing and eradicating the harmful effect of phytopathogens through competition for space or nutrients, mycoparasitism, and through direct or indirect defense systems by producing secondary metabolites as well as by induced systemic resistance (ISR). Additionally, for efficient crop improvement, practicing them would be a fruitful step for a sustainable approach. This review article summarizes the current research progress in plant-endophyte interaction and the fungal endophyte mechanism to overcome host defense responses, their subsequent colonization, and the establishment of a balanced mutualistic interaction with host plants. This review also highlighted the potential of fungal endophytes in the amelioration of biotic stress. We have also discussed the relevance of various bioactive compounds possessing antimicrobial potential against a variety of agricultural pathogens. Furthermore, endophyte-mediated ISR is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Waqar
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Adil Ameen Bhat
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Abrar Ahmad Khan
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Geat N, Singh D, Singh D, Saha P, Jatoth R, Babu PL. Assessing the efficacy of phyllospheric growth-promoting and antagonistic bacteria for management of black rot disease of cauliflower incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023:10.1007/s12223-023-01106-3. [PMID: 38060139 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the potential of phyllospheric bacterial strains isolated from cauliflower plants as biocontrol agents against black rot disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, through both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. A total of 46 bacterial strains were isolated from healthy and infected cauliflower leaves of both resistant and susceptible plants, and evaluated them for various traits, including plant growth-promoting activities and in vitro antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Further, a pot experiment was conducted with the susceptible cauliflower genotype (Pusa Sharad) and 10 selected phyllospheric bacterial isolates to assess their biocontrol efficacy against the disease. The results showed that 82.60% of phyllospheric bacterial isolates were positive for phosphate solubilization, 63.04% for ammonia production, 58.69% for HCN production, 36.95% for siderophore production, and 78.26% had the capacity to produce IAA. Out of the 46 isolates, 23 exhibited in vitro antagonistic activity against X. campestris pv. campestris and 10 isolates were selected for a pot experiment under glasshouse conditions based on their good plant growth-promoting activities and antagonistic assay. The results revealed that bacterial isolate CFLB-27 exhibited the highest biocontrol efficiency (65.41%), followed by CFLB-24 (58.30%), CFLB-31 (47.11%), and CFLB-26 (46.03%). These four isolates were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens CFLB-27, Bacillus velezensis CFLB-24, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CFLB-31, and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila CFLB-26. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of phyllospheric bacteria as an effective tool for disease management in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Geat
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342304, India.
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Devendra Singh
- Division of Plant Improvement and Pest Management, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342003, India
| | - Partha Saha
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajender Jatoth
- Agriculture College, Sircilla, Professor Jayashanker Telangana State Agricultural University Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Pedapudi Lokesh Babu
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Sanow S, Kuang W, Schaaf G, Huesgen P, Schurr U, Roessner U, Watt M, Arsova B. Molecular Mechanisms of Pseudomonas-Assisted Plant Nitrogen Uptake: Opportunities for Modern Agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:536-548. [PMID: 36989040 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-22-0223-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas spp. make up 1.6% of the bacteria in the soil and are found throughout the world. More than 140 species of this genus have been identified, some beneficial to the plant. Several species in the family Pseudomonadaceae, including Azotobacter vinelandii AvOP, Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501, Pseudomonas stutzeri DSM4166, Pseudomonas szotifigens 6HT33bT, and Pseudomonas sp. strain K1 can fix nitrogen from the air. The genes required for these reactions are organized in a nitrogen fixation island, obtained via horizontal gene transfer from Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Azotobacter vinelandii. Today, this island is conserved in Pseudomonas spp. from different geographical locations, which, in turn, have evolved to deal with different geo-climatic conditions. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms behind Pseudomonas-driven plant growth promotion, with particular focus on improving plant performance at limiting nitrogen (N) and improving plant N content. We describe Pseudomonas-plant interaction strategies in the soil, noting that the mechanisms of denitrification, ammonification, and secondary metabolite signaling are only marginally explored. Plant growth promotion is dependent on the abiotic conditions and differs at sufficient and deficient N. The molecular controls behind different plant responses are not fully elucidated. We suggest that superposition of transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome data and their integration with plant phenotype development through time will help fill these gaps. The aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge behind Pseudomonas-driven nitrogen fixation and to point to possible agricultural solutions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sanow
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Weiqi Kuang
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, China
| | - Gabriel Schaaf
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pitter Huesgen
- Central institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics (ZEA-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany
| | - Ute Roessner
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601 Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michelle Watt
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany
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Elsharkawy MM, Khedr AA, Mehiar F, El-Kady EM, Alwutayd KM, Behiry SI. Rhizobacterial Colonization and Management of Bacterial Speck Pathogen in Tomato by Pseudomonas spp. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1103. [PMID: 37317077 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and soil microorganisms interact at every stage of growth. Pseudomonas spp. are highly regarded for their ability to increase crop production and protection from diseases. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms of the rhizobacterial colonization of tomato roots via chemotaxis assay and the activation of tomato resistance against the pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). The capillary assay was used to evaluate the chemotaxis response of PGPRs (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria). The activities of defense enzymes and the expressions of PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were measured using real-time qPCR. Chemotactic responses to malic and citric acids (the most important root exudates found in different plant species) at low concentrations varied substantially among the rhizobacterial isolates (63 species). Beneficial isolates including Pseudomonas resinovorans A5, P. vranovensis A30, P. resinovorans A28, P. umsongensis O26, P. stutzeri N42, and P. putida T15 reacted well to different concentrations of root exudates. P. putida T15 demonstrated the most potent anti-Pst activity. At three and six days after inoculation, the greatest levels of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity were reported in the A5 and T15 groups. In tomato, transcript levels of four PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were elevated by rhizobacterial treatments. PGPR isolates alone or in combination with BABA (β-amino butyric acid) up-regulated the transcriptions of PR1, PR2, LOX, and PAL genes. Treatments with N42 and T15 resulted in the greatest improvements in tomato growth and yield traits. In conclusion, the results explain the mechanisms of rhizobacterial colonization for the improved management of Pst. Rhizobacterial isolates play a role in tomato's resistance to Pst via salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen M Elsharkawy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amr A Khedr
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Farid Mehiar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M El-Kady
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said I Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
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Abdelaziz AM, Elshaer MA, Abd-Elraheem MA, Ali OMOM, Haggag MI, El-Sayyad GS, Attia MS. Ziziphus spina-christi extract-stabilized novel silver nanoparticle synthesis for combating Fusarium oxysporum-causing pepper wilt disease: in vitro and in vivo studies. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:69. [PMID: 36670250 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The novelty of the present study is studying the ability of aqueous Ziziphus spina-christi leaves' extract (ZSCE) to produce eco-friendly and cost-effective silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) against Fusarium wilt disease. Phytochemical screening of ZSCE by HPLC showed that they contain important antimicrobial substances such as Rutin, Naringin, Myricetin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Hesperidin, Syringeic, Eugenol, Pyrogallol, Gallic and Ferulic. Characterization methods reveal a stable Ag NPs with a crystalline structure, spherical in shape with average particle size about 11.25 nm. ZSCE and Ag NPs showed antifungal potential against F. oxysporum at different concentrations with MIC of Ag NPs as 0.125 mM. Ag NPs treatment was the most effective, as it gave the least disease severity (20.8%) and the highest protection rate (75%). The application of ZSCE or Ag NPs showed a clear recovery, and its effectiveness was not limited for improving growth and metabolic characteristics only, but also inducing substances responsible for defense against pathogens and activating plant immunity (such as increasing phenols and strong expression of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase as well as isozymes). Owing to beneficial properties such as antifungal activity, and the eco-friendly approach of cost and safety, they can be applied in agricultural field as novel therapeutic nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Elshaer
- Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abd-Elraheem
- Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Omar M Omar M Ali
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt
| | - Muhammad I Haggag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt. .,Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
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Li L, Sun Y, Chen F, Hao D, Tan J. An alkaline protease from Bacillus cereus NJSZ-13 can act as a pathogenicity factor in infection of pinewood nematode. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:10. [PMID: 36627592 PMCID: PMC9830832 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are an important biological control for nematodes. We isolated the nematicidal Bacillus cereus NJSZ-13 from healthy Pinus elliottii trunks. Bioassay experiments showed killing of all tested nematodes by proteins from the NJSZ-13 culture filtrate within 72 h. Degradation of the nematode cuticles was observed, suggesting the action of extracellular bacterial enzymes. The responsible protease was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and SDS-PAGE. The protease had a molecular weight of 28 kDa and optimal activity at 55 °C and pH 9, indicating an alkaline protease. The study suggests the potential for using this B. cereus NJSZ-13 strain protease to prevent pinewood nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Li
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.418515.cInstitute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengmao Chen
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dejun Hao
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajin Tan
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Uniting the Role of Endophytic Fungi against Plant Pathogens and Their Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010072. [PMID: 36675893 PMCID: PMC9860820 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are used as the most common microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) against phytopathogens and are ubiquitous in all plant parts. Most of the fungal species have roles against a variety of plant pathogens. Fungal endophytes provide different services to be used as pathogen control agents, using an important aspect in the form of enhanced plant growth and induced systemic resistance, produce a variety of antifungal secondary metabolites (lipopeptides, antibiotics and enzymes) through colonization, and compete with other pathogenic microorganisms for growth factors (space and nutrients). The purpose of this review is to highlight the biological control potential of fungal species with antifungal properties against different fungal plant pathogens. We focused on the introduction, biology, isolation, identification of endophytic fungi, and their antifungal activity against fungal plant pathogens. The endosymbionts have developed specific genes that exhibited endophytic behavior and demonstrated defensive responses against pathogens such as antibiosis, parasitism, lytic enzyme and competition, siderophore production, and indirect responses by induced systemic resistance (ISR) in the host plant. Finally, different microscopic detection techniques to study microbial interactions (endophytic and pathogenic fungal interactions) in host plants are briefly discussed.
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Karthika S, Remya M, Varghese S, Dhanraj ND, Sali S, Rebello S, Jose SM, Jisha MS. Bacillus tequilensis PKDN31 and Bacillus licheniformis PKDL10 -As double headed swords to combat Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici induced tomato wilt. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105784. [PMID: 36122853 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. lycopersici, is a global threat to tomato production that needs to be addressed seriously. The current research envisages the use of two self-compatible Bacillus strains, Bacillus tequilensis PKDN31 and Bacillus licheniformis PKDL10, in a combinatorial approach. The spent supernatant of liquid cultures from strains PKDN31 and PKDL10 showed in vitro antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. attaining an inhibition percentage of 95.33% and 96.54%, respectively. The bacterial isolates lytic activity against Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated by scanning electron microscopic analysis and lytic enzyme production of amylase, lipase, protease and β-1,3 glucanase. Furthermore, PKDN31 and PKDL10 produced siderophores and had root colonizing ability that enhanced the biocontrol efficiency. Combined in vivo inoculation of Bacillus tequilensis PKDN31 and Bacillus licheniformis PKDL10 on tomato seeds revealed that the strains could induce systemic resistance in tomato against Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. lycopersici by increasing defence enzymes such as β-1,3 glucanase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chitinase, and total phenol accumulations. Pot culture experiments also proved the biocontrol efficacy of the above dual culture supplementation as this treatment displayed a better growth as well as defense against Fusarium challenge compared to the controls. The obtained results suggest that rhizobacterial isolates could be employed as systemic resistance inducers and biocontrol agents in tomato plants to protect against Fusarium wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karthika
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - M Remya
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Sherin Varghese
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - N D Dhanraj
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Sangeeta Sali
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Sharrel Rebello
- National Institute of Plant Science Technology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | | | - M S Jisha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India; National Institute of Plant Science Technology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India; School of Food Science and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
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10
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van Dijk LJA, Abdelfattah A, Ehrlén J, Tack AJM. Soil microbiomes drive aboveground plant–pathogen–insect interactions. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. A. van Dijk
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Inst. of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz Univ. of Technology Graz Austria
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
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11
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Hamze R, Nuvoli MT, Pirino C, Ruiu L. Compatibility of the bacterial entomopathogen Pseudomonas protegens with the natural predator Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 194:107828. [PMID: 36087780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea to the soil-dwelling bacterial entomopathogen Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 was investigated in this study. Laboratory bioassays were conducted on larval instars exposed to different bacterial concentrations by both direct feeding and indirectly by offering a pre-treated insect prey. Potential toxicity was assessed through dose-response bioassays, while possible sublethal effects were evaluated on immature development time and the reproductive performance (fecundity) of adults emerging from treated juveniles. As a result, no significant effects were observed on larval survival and development in a comparison between treated and untreated (control) groups. No significant impact on adult emergence and no detrimental effects on female fecundity were detected. Everything considered, the use of P. protegens in the agroecosystem appears to be compatible with chrysopids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hamze
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Tiziana Nuvoli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carolina Pirino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luca Ruiu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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12
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Xu S, Zhang Z, Xie X, Shi Y, Chai A, Fan T, Li B, Li L. Comparative genomics provides insights into the potential biocontrol mechanism of two Lysobacter enzymogenes strains with distinct antagonistic activities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:966986. [PMID: 36033849 PMCID: PMC9410377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.966986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysobacter enzymogenes has been applied as an abundant beneficial microorganism to control plant disease; however, most L. enzymogenes strains have been mainly reported to control fungal diseases, not bacterial diseases. In this study, two L. enzymogenes strains were characterized, of which CX03 displayed a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities toward multiple bacteria, while CX06 exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities toward diverse fungi and oomycete, and the whole genomes of the two strains were sequenced and compared. The genome annotation showed that the CX03 genome comprised a 5,947,018 bp circular chromosome, while strain CX06 comprised a circular 6,206,196 bp chromosome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CX03 had a closer genetic relationship with L. enzymogenes ATCC29487T and M497-1, while CX06 was highly similar to L. enzymogenes C3. Functional gene annotation analyses of the two L. enzymogenes strains showed that many genes or gene clusters associated with the biosynthesis of different secondary metabolites were found in strains CX03 and CX06, which may be responsible for the different antagonistic activities against diverse plant pathogens. Moreover, comparative genomic analysis revealed the difference in bacterial secretory systems between L. enzymogenes strains CX03 and CX06. In addition, numerous conserved genes related to siderophore biosynthesis, quorum sensing, two-component systems, flagellar biosynthesis and chemotaxis were also identified in the genomes of strains CX03 and CX06. Most reported L. enzymogenes strains were proven mainly to suppress fungi, while CX03 exhibited direct inhibitory activities toward plant bacterial pathogens and showed an obvious role in managing bacterial disease. This study provides a novel understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms of L. enzymogenes, and reveals great potential for its application in plant disease control.
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Rostami M, Karegar A, Ghorbani A. Effects of Arugula Vermicompost on the Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) and the Promotion of Resistance Genes in Tomato Plants. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:261-271. [PMID: 35953046 PMCID: PMC9372107 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes are the most important plantparasitic nematodes worldwide. Many efforts have been made to find non-chemical, risk-free, and environmentally friendly methods for nematode control. In this study, the effects of compost and vermicompost of arugula (Eruca sativa) on Meloidogyne javanica were investigated in three glasshouse experiments. In addition, the expression of the defense-related genes nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related 1 (NPR1) and lipoxygenase 1 (LOX1) was detected in tomato plants treated with vermicompost of arugula at 0, 2, 7, and 14 days after nematode inoculation. The result showed that the vermicompost of arugula significantly reduced the reproduction factor of the nematode by 54.4% to 70.5% in the three experiments and increased the dry weight of shoots of infected tomato plants. Gene expression analysis showed that LOX1 expression increased on the second and seventh day after nematode inoculation, while NPR1 expression decreased. The vermicompost of arugula showed stronger nematode inhibitory potential than the vermicompost of animal manure. The vermicompost of arugula is superior to arugula compost in suppressing the activity of M. javaniva and reducing its impact. It manipulates the expression of resistance genes and could induce systemic resistance against rootknot nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rostami
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186,
Iran
| | - Akbar Karegar
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186,
Iran
| | - Abozar Ghorbani
- Plant Virology Research Centre, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186,
Iran
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Karaj 14399-51113,
Iran
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14
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Wang X, Ding X, Fu K, Guo W, Zhan F, Yuan Z, Jia Z, Zhou L, Jiang X, Ghenijan O, Li Z, Dai J, Xie Y, Wang Z, Xinping Y. Molecular Identification and Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolates Against Larvae of the Asian Corn Borer
Ostrinia furnacalis
(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Xinjiang, China. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2979-2992. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Wang
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences PR China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture Ürümqi PR China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture Ürümqi PR China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ürümqi PR China
| | - Kaiyun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture Ürümqi PR China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ürümqi PR China
| | - Wenchao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture Ürümqi PR China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ürümqi PR China
| | - Faqiang Zhan
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences PR China
| | - Zihan Yuan
- College of Agriculture Xinjiang Agricultural University Ürümqi PR China
| | - Zunzun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture Ürümqi PR China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ürümqi PR China
| | - Liuyan Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences PR China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- College of Agriculture Xinjiang Agricultural University Ürümqi PR China
| | - Osman Ghenijan
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Technology Information, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ürümqi PR China
| | - Jinping Dai
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences PR China
| | - Yuqing Xie
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences PR China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences PR China
| | - Yang Xinping
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences PR China
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15
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Delanthabettu A, Narasimhappa NS, Ramaswamy A, Mallesh MH, Nagarajappa N, Govind G. Molecular Characterization of Native Bacillus thuringiensis Strains from Root Nodules with Toxicity Against the Fall Armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) and Brinjal Ash Weevil (Myllocerus subfasciatus). Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:274. [PMID: 35907079 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fall armyworm is an exotic pest which destroys a wide variety of crops Querywhereas the brinjal ash weevil is a serious pest of eggplant and other solanaceous vegetables. The goal of this research is to find a sustainable and ecologically friendly bio-control agent for managing FAW and brinjal ash weevils. Twelve natural Bacillus thuringiensis strains were isolated from cowpea root nodules, and the Gram-positive cells with characteristic Bt crystal structures were discovered using phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. There were bipyramidal, cuboidal, rhombus, and spherical crystals. The Bt cry gene content was characterized by PCR analysis, which revealed the presence of cry1, cry1I, cry3, cry7, cry7,8, cry14, cry26, and cry55 genes. The identity of Bt was confirmed by cloning and sequencing the cry genes. In the nucleotide sequences, no pseudo genes or indels were found in cry sequences. SDS-PAGE examination indicated the presence of bands ranging in size from 13 to 130 kDa, with 50-60 kDa being the most common. When compared to the control, the new native Bt strains were lethal, with pathogenicity ranging from 93 to 100% against S. frugiperda larvae and M. subfasciatus adults. The studies revealed that the native strains with conserved regions of 16S rRNA genes were compared to NCBI database sequences and classified as native Bt strains with 99-100% similarity to known Bt strains. In conclusion, native Bt strains from cowpea root nodules were shown to have bio-insecticidal activity against fall armyworm larvae and brinjal ash weevil adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asokan Ramaswamy
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore, 560089, India
| | | | - Nethra Nagarajappa
- Seed Technology Research Unit, AICRP on Seeds (Crops), UAS, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India
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16
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Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi as Biocontrol Tool against Fusarium Wilt Disease of Tomato Plant. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080775. [PMID: 35893143 PMCID: PMC9331501 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) improve plant health and resist plant pathogens. The present study was carried out to biocontrol tomato Fusarium wilt using PGPF through antifungal activity and enhance tomato plant immune response. Four PGPF were identified genetically as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor circinelloides and Pencillium oxalicum. In vitro antagonistic activity assay of PGPF against Fusariumoxysporum was evaluated, where it exhibited promising antifungal activity where MIC was in the range 0.25–0.5 mg/mL. Physiological markers of defense in a plant as a response to stimulation of induced systemic resistance (ISR) were recorded. Our results revealed that A. niger, M. circinelloides, A. flavus and P. oxalicum strains significantly reduced percentages of disease severity by 16.60% and 20.83% and 37.50% and 45.83 %, respectively. In addition, they exhibited relatively high protection percentages of 86.35%, 76.87%, 56.87% and 59.06 %, respectively. With concern to the control, it is evident that the percentage of disease severity was about 87.50%. Moreover, the application of M. circinelloides, P. oxalicum, A. niger and A. flavus successfully recovered the damage to morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments’ total carbohydrate and total soluble protein of infected plants. Moreover, the application of tested PGPF enhanced the growth of healthy and infected tomato plants.
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17
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Characterization and Assessment of 2, 4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens VSMKU3054 for the Management of Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081508. [PMID: 35893565 PMCID: PMC9330548 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial bio-products are becoming an appealing and viable alternative to chemical pesticides for effective management of crop diseases. These bio-products are known to have potential to minimize agrochemical applications without losing crop yield and also restore soil fertility and productivity. In this study, the inhibitory efficacy of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens VSMKU3054 against Ralstonia solanacearum was assessed. Biochemical and functional characterization study revealed that P. fluorescens produced hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophore, indole acetic acid (IAA) and hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, protease, cellulase and chitinase, and had the ability to solubilize phosphate. The presence of the key antimicrobial encoding gene in the biosynthesis of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) was identified by PCR. The maximum growth and antimicrobial activity of P. fluorescens was observed in king’s B medium at pH 7, 37 °C and 36 h of growth. Glucose and tryptone were found to be the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. DAPG was separated by silica column chromatography and identified by various methods such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. When R. solanacearum cells were exposed to DAPG at 90 µg/mL, the cell viability was decreased, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased and chromosomal DNA was damaged. Application of P. fluorescens and DAPG significantly reduced the bacterial wilt incidence. In addition, P. fluorescens was also found effective in promoting the growth of tomato seedlings. It is concluded that the indigenous isolate P. fluorescens VSMKU3054 could be used as a suitable biocontrol agent against bacterial wilt disease of tomato.
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18
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Jia R, Chen J, Hu L, Liu X, Xiao K, Wang Y. Alcaligenes faecalis Juj3 alleviates Plasmodiophora brassicae stress to cabbage via promoting growth and inducing resistance. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.942409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clubroot is a devastating disease threatening global cruciferous vegetable production caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae (Pb). We have evaluated the positive effects of the Alcaligenes faecalis Juj3 on cabbage growth promotion and Pb stress alleviation through pot and field experiments. The Juj3 strain was isolated from a healthy cabbage rhizosphere with growth-promoting characteristics and was identified as A. faecalis based on morphological traits and phylogeny. Seed germination assays revealed that Juj3 inoculation enhances cabbage bud shoot and root growth. In pot experiments, inoculation with Juj3 fermentation powder at cabbage sowing dates significantly improved the seedling biomass. Combining seed treatments with root irrigation after transplanting considerably reduced the clubroot disease index and resulted in appreciable biocontrol efficacy (83.7%). Gene expression analyses of cabbage after Juj3 inoculation showed that PR2 and EIN3 expression were significantly up-regulated. Physiologically, Juj3 inoculation enhanced cabbage chlorophyll content and root activity in a normal environment. Irrespective of whether plants were under normal environment or Pb stresses, Juj3 improved photosynthesis. Field trial analyses revealed that Juj3 exhibits satisfactory biocontrol efficacy in cabbage (51.4%) and Chinese cabbage (37.7%). Moreover, Juj3 could also enhance cabbage and Chinese cabbage biomass to improve the yield quality. These findings pave the way for future use of A. faecalis as biocontrol agents for clubroot and reveal the great potential of the rhizobacterium for plant growth-promoting applications in agriculture and horticulture.
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19
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Li C, Lei C, Wang K, Tan M, Xu F, Wang J, Zheng Y. MADS2 regulates priming defence in postharvest peach through combined salicylic acid and abscisic acid signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3787-3806. [PMID: 35266534 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MADS-box genes play well-documented roles in plant development, but relatively little is known regarding their involvement in defence responses. In this study, pre-treatment of peach (Prunus persica) fruit with β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) activated resistance against Rhizopus stolonifer, leading to a significant delay in the symptomatic appearance of disease. This was associated with an integrated defence response that included a H2O2 burst, ABA accumulation, and callose deposition. cDNA library screening identified nucleus-localized MADS2 as an interacting partner with NPR1, and this was further confirmed by yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation imaging, and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The DNA-binding activity of NPR1 conferred by the NPR1-MADS2 complex was required for the transcription of SA-dependent pathogenesis-related (PR) and ABA-inducible CalS genes in order to gain the BABA-induced resistance, in which MAPK1-induced post-translational modification of MADS2 was also involved. In accordance with this, overexpression of PpMADS2 in Arabidopsis potentiated the transcription of a group of PR genes and conferred fungal resistance in the transgenic plants. Conversely, Arabidopsis mads2-knockout lines showed high sensitivity to the fungal pathogen. Our results indicate that MADS2 positively participates in BABA-elicited defence in peach through a combination of SA-dependent NPR1 activation and ABA signaling-induced callose accumulation, and that this defence is also related to the post-translational modification of MADS2 by MAPK1 for signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, P.R. China
- College of Biology and Food Science, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Changyi Lei
- College of Biology and Food Science, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Kaituo Wang
- College of Biology and Food Science, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Tan
- College of Biology and Food Science, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- College of Biology and Food Science, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, P.R. China
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20
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Kashyap AS, Manzar N, Nebapure SM, Rajawat MVS, Deo MM, Singh JP, Kesharwani AK, Singh RP, Dubey SC, Singh D. Unraveling Microbial Volatile Elicitors Using a Transparent Methodology for Induction of Systemic Resistance and Regulation of Antioxidant Genes at Expression Levels in Chili against Bacterial Wilt Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020404. [PMID: 35204287 PMCID: PMC8869530 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatiles benefit the agricultural ecological system by promoting plant growth and systemic resistance against diseases without harming the environment. To explore the plant growth-promoting efficiency of VOCs produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens PDS1 and Bacillus subtilis KA9 in terms of chili plant growth and its biocontrol efficiency against Ralstonia solanacearum, experiments were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. A closure assembly was designed using a half-inverted plastic bottle to demonstrate plant–microbial interactions via volatile compounds. The most common volatile organic compounds were identified and reported; they promoted plant development and induced systemic resistance (ISR) against wilt pathogen R. solanacearum. The PDS1 and KA9 VOCs significantly increased defensive enzyme activity and overexpressed the antioxidant genes PAL, POD, SOD, WRKYa, PAL1, DEF-1, CAT-2, WRKY40, HSFC1, LOX2, and NPR1 related to plant defense. The overall gene expression was greater in root tissue as compared to leaf tissue in chili plant. Our findings shed light on the relationship among rhizobacteria, pathogen, and host plants, resulting in plant growth promotion, disease suppression, systemic resistance-inducing potential, and antioxidant response with related gene expression in the leaf and root tissue of chili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Nazia Manzar
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
| | | | - Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Man Mohan Deo
- Farm Machinery and Power, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, India;
| | - Jyoti Prakash Singh
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Amit Kumar Kesharwani
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
| | - Ravinder Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
| | - S. C. Dubey
- Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi 110012, India;
- Krishi Bhawan, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.K.); (D.S.)
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21
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Meena M, Yadav G, Sonigra P, Nagda A, Mehta T, Zehra A, Swapnil P. Role of Microbial Bioagents as Elicitors in Plant Defense Regulation. TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS FOR BIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS 2022:103-128. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12990-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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22
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Biofertilizer Application Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance and Alters the Antioxidant Enzymes in Medicinal Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. Styriaca). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of mycorrhiza, Thiobacillus and Nitroxin (Azotobacter and Azospirillum sp.) biofertilizers under drought stress conditions with four levels of field capacity (FC) (control(100%), 85%, 70%, and 50%) on the antioxidant enzyme activities of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. Styriaca) were evaluated during the years 2018–2019. Irrigation levels exhibited significant effects on all studied variables, except for the catalase (CAT) enzyme. A significant correlation was observed between the effects of irrigation levels and biofertilizers on antioxidant enzymes, soluble protein content, and grain yield. The highest activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes was achieved using mycorrhiza in 50% FC. Increasing drought intensity and mycorrhiza stimulated glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities by 32% and 66%, while Nitroxin increased them by 16% and 43%, respectively. Under severe drought stress conditions, only mycorrhiza exhibited a positive effect on GR and GPX enzymes. Under moderate and severe drought stress conditions, Nitroxin increased grain yield by 13% and 12.6%, respectively. The irrigation regimes and bio-fertilizers had a significant effect on β-sitosterol percentage. The highest amount was observed at the highest level of drought stress. Among the various bio-fertilizers treatments, the application of Thiobacillus yielded the highest percentage of β-sitosterol. The results of the present study demonstrate that the application of biofertilizers is beneficial in coping with drought stress.
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23
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Deng Y, Huang H, Lei F, Fu S, Zou K, Zhang S, Liu X, Jiang L, Liu H, Miao B, Liang Y. Endophytic Bacterial Communities of Ginkgo biloba Leaves During Leaf Developmental Period. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:698703. [PMID: 34671323 PMCID: PMC8521191 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-specialized secondary metabolites have ecological functions in mediating interactions between plants and their entophytes. In this study, high-throughput gene sequencing was used to analyze the composition and abundance of bacteria from Ginkgo leaves at five different sampling times. The results indicated that the bacterial community structure varied during leaf developmental stage. Bacterial diversity was observed to be the highest at T2 stage and the lowest at T1 stage. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were found as the dominant phyla. The major genera also showed consistency across sampling times, but there was a significant variation in their abundance, such as Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, and Staphylococcus. Significant correlations were observed between endophytic bacteria and flavonoids. Especially, Staphylococcus showed a significant positive correlation with quercetin, and changes in the abundance of Staphylococcus also showed a strong correlation with flavonoid content. In order to determine the effect of flavonoids on endophytic bacteria of Ginkgo leaves, an extracorporeal culture of related strains (a strain of Staphylococcus and a strain of Deinococcus) was performed, and it was found that the effect of flavonoids on them remained consistent. The predicted result of Tax4Fun2 revealed that flavonoids might lead to a lower abundance of endophytic microorganisms, which further proved the correlation between bacterial communities and flavonoids. This study provided the first insight into the bacterial community composition during the development of Ginkgo leaves and the correlation between the endophytic bacteria and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Haonan Huang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Fangying Lei
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Shaodong Fu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Zou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Luhua Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Miao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
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Liu Y, Zhou Y, Qiao J, Yu W, Pan X, Zhang T, Liu Y, Lu SE. Phenazine-1-carboxylic Acid Produced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis YL-1 Is Effective against Acidovorax citrulli. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102012. [PMID: 34683333 PMCID: PMC8541086 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Acidovorax citrulli causes the destructive fruit blotch (BFB) on cucurbit plants. Pseudomonas chlororaphis YL-1 is a bacterial strain isolated from Mississippi soil and its genome harbors some antimicrobial-related gene clusters, such as phenazine, pyrrolnitrin, and pyoverdine. Here, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of strain YL-1 as compared with its deficient mutants of antimicrobial-related genes, which were obtained using a sacB-based site-specific mutagenesis strategy. We found that only phenazine-deficient mutants ΔphzE and ΔphzF almost lost the inhibitory effects against A. citrulli in LB plates compared with the wild-type strain YL-1, and that the main antibacterial compound produced by strain YL-1 in LB medium was phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) based on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Gene expression analyses revealed that PCA enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased the activity of catalase (CAT) in A. citrulli. The inhibition effect of PCA against A. citrulli was lowered by adding exogenous CAT. PCA significantly upregulated the transcript level of katB from 6 to 10 h, which encodes CAT that helps to protect the bacteria against oxidative stress. Collectively, the findings of this research suggest PCA is one of the key antimicrobial metabolites of bacterial strain YL-1, a promising biocontrol agent for disease management of BFB of cucurbit plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhou Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
| | - Yaqiu Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.P.)
| | - Junqing Qiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.P.)
| | - Wenjie Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiayan Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.P.)
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Shi-En Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (S.-E.L.)
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Wang H, Liu R, You MP, Barbetti MJ, Chen Y. Pathogen Biocontrol Using Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPR): Role of Bacterial Diversity. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091988. [PMID: 34576883 PMCID: PMC8470069 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast microbial community inhabits in the rhizosphere, among which, specialized bacteria known as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) confer benefits to host plants including growth promotion and disease suppression. PGPR taxa vary in the ways whereby they curtail the negative effects of invading plant pathogens. However, a cumulative or synergistic effect does not always ensue when a bacterial consortium is used. In this review, we reassess the disease-suppressive mechanisms of PGPR and present explanations and illustrations for functional diversity and/or stability among PGPR taxa regarding these mechanisms. We also provide evidence of benefits when PGPR mixtures, rather than individuals, are used for protecting crops from various diseases, and underscore the critical determinant factors for successful use of PGPR mixtures. Then, we evaluate the challenges of and limitations to achieving the desired outcomes from strain/species-rich bacterial assemblages, particularly in relation to their role for plant disease management. In addition, towards locating additive or synergistic outcomes, we highlight why and how the benefits conferred need to be categorized and quantified when different strains/species of PGPR are used in combinations. Finally, we highlight the critical approaches needed for developing PGPR mixtures with improved efficacy and stability as biocontrols for utilization in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xianyang 712100, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runjin Liu
- Institute of Mycorrhizal Biotechnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Ming Pei You
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.Y.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Martin J. Barbetti
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.Y.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.Y.); (M.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Characterization of Endophytic Fungi, Acremonium sp., from Lilium davidii and Analysis of Its Antifungal and Plant Growth-Promoting Effects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9930210. [PMID: 34395628 PMCID: PMC8358427 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9930210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from the Asian culinary and medicinal plant Lilium davidii and analyzing its antifungal and plant growth-promoting effects. In this study, the fungal endophyte Acremonium sp. Ld-03 was isolated from the bulbs of L. davidii and identified through morphological and molecular analysis. The molecular and morphological analysis confirmed the endophytic fungal strain as Acremonium sp. Ld-03. Antifungal effects of Ld-03 were observed against Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Fusarium fujikuroi. The highest growth inhibition, i.e., 78.39 ± 4.21%, was observed for B. dothidea followed by 56.68 ± 4.38%, 43.62 ± 3.81%, and 20.12 ± 2.45% for B. cinerea, F. fujikuroi, and F. oxysporum, respectively. Analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction through UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS revealed putative secondary metabolites which included xanthurenic acid, valyl aspartic acid, gancidin W, peptides, and cyclic dipeptides such as valylarginine, cyclo-[L-(4-hydroxy-Pro)-L-leu], cyclo(Pro-Phe), and (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione. Other metabolites included (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-((S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propanoic acid, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 9-octadecenamide, D-erythro-C18-Sphingosine, N-palmitoyl sphinganine, and hydroxypalmitoyl sphinganine. The strain Ld-03 showed indole acetic acid (IAA) production with or without the application of exogenous tryptophan. The IAA ranged from 53.12 ± 3.20 μg ml−1 to 167.71 ± 7.12 μg ml−1 under different tryptophan concentrations. The strain was able to produce siderophore, and its production was significantly decreased with increasing Fe(III) citrate concentrations in the medium. The endophytic fungal strain also showed production of organic acids and phosphate solubilization activity. Plant growth-promoting effects of the strain were evaluated on in vitro seedling growth of Allium tuberosum. Application of 40% culture dilution resulted in a significant increase in root and shoot length, i.e., 24.03 ± 2.71 mm and 37.27 ± 1.86 mm, respectively, compared to nontreated control plants. The fungal endophyte Ld-03 demonstrated the potential of conferring disease resistance and plant growth promotion. Therefore, we conclude that the isolated Acremonium sp. Ld-03 should be further investigated before utilization as a biocontrol agent and plant growth stimulator.
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Kalozoumis P, Savvas D, Aliferis K, Ntatsi G, Marakis G, Simou E, Tampakaki A, Karapanos I. Impact of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Grafting on Tolerance of Tomato to Combined Water and Nutrient Stress Assessed via Metabolomics Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670236. [PMID: 34149768 PMCID: PMC8212936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and grafting were tested as possible cultural practices that may enhance resilience of tomato to stress induced by combined water and nutrient shortage. The roots of tomato grown on perlite were either inoculated or not with PGPR, applying four different treatments. These were PGPR-T1, a mix of two Enterobacter sp. strains (C1.2 and C1.5); PGPR-T2, Paenibacillus sp. strain DN1.2; PGPR-T3, Enterobacter mori strain C3.1; and PGPR-T4, Lelliottia sp. strain D2.4. PGPR-treated plants were either self-grafted or grafted onto Solanum lycopersicum cv. M82 and received either full or 50% of their standard water, nitrogen, and phosphorus needs. The vegetative biomass of plants subjected to PGPR-T1 was not reduced when plants were cultivated under combined stress, while it was reduced by stress to the rest of the PGPR treatments. However, PGPR-T3 increased considerably plant biomass of non-stressed tomato plants than did all other treatments. PGPR application had no impact on fruit biomass, while grafting onto 'M82' increased fruit production than did self-grafting. Metabolomics analysis in tomato leaves revealed that combined stress affects several metabolites, most of them already described as stress-related, including trehalose, myo-inositol, and monopalmitin. PGPR inoculation with E. mori strain C3.1 affected metabolites, which are important for plant/microbe symbiosis (myo-inositol and monopalmitin). The rootstock M82 did not affect many metabolites in plant leaves, but it clearly decreased the levels of malate and D-fructose and imposed an accumulation of oleic acid. In conclusion, PGPR are capable of increasing tomato tolerance to combined stress. However, further research is required to evaluate more strains and refine protocols for their application. Metabolites that were discovered as biomarkers could be used to accelerate the screening process for traits such as stress tolerance to abiotic and/or abiotic stresses. Finally, 'M82' is a suitable rootstock for tomato, as it is capable of increasing fruit biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kalozoumis
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Savvas
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Aliferis
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Marakis
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evridiki Simou
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tampakaki
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karapanos
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Klomchit A, Calderin JD, Jaidee W, Watla-iad K, Brooks S. Napthoquinones from Neocosmospora sp.-Antibiotic Activity against Acidovorax citrulli, the Causative Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch in Watermelon and Melon. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:370. [PMID: 34066879 PMCID: PMC8151544 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is a bacterial disease that devastates Cucurbitaceae crops worldwide, causing significant economic losses. Currently, there is no means to treat or control the disease. This study focused on exploring the antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi against Acidovorax citrulli (Aac), the causative agent of BFB. Based on disc diffusion, time kill and MIC microdilution broth assays, four endophytes showed promise in controlling Aac. Nonetheless, only one strain, Neocosmospora sp. MFLUCC 17-0253, reduced the severity of disease on watermelon and melon seedlings up to 80%. Structure analysis revealed production of several compounds by the fungus. Three of these secondary metabolites, including mixture of 2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-acetonyl-8-hydroxy-1,4-maphthalenedione and 5,8-dihydroxy-7-acetonyl-1,4-naphthalenedione, anhydrojavanicin, and fusarnaphthoquinones B exhibited antagonistic activity against Aac. The chemical profile data in planta experiment analyzed by LC-Q/TOF-MS suggested successful colonization of endophytic fungi in their host plant and different metabolic profiles between treated and untreated seedling. Biofilm assay also demonstrated that secondary metabolites of Neocosmospora sp. MFLUCC 17-0253 significantly inhibited biofilm development of Aac. To the best of our knowledge, secondary metabolites that provide significant growth inhibition of Aac are reported for the first time. Thus, Neocosmospora sp. MFLUCC 17-0253 possesses high potential as a biocontrol agent for BFB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthikan Klomchit
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.K.); (K.W.-i.)
| | - Jorge Daniel Calderin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Wuttichai Jaidee
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Kanchana Watla-iad
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.K.); (K.W.-i.)
| | - Siraprapa Brooks
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.K.); (K.W.-i.)
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Khanna K, Kohli SK, Ohri P, Bhardwaj R. Plants-nematodes-microbes crosstalk within soil: A trade-off among friends or foes. Microbiol Res 2021; 248:126755. [PMID: 33845302 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants interact with enormous biotic and abiotic components within ecosystem. For instance, microbes, insects, herbivores, animals, nematodes etc. In general, these interactions are studied independently with plants, that condenses only specific information about the interaction. However, the limitation to study the cross-interactions masks the collaborative role of organisms within ecosystem. Beneficial microbes are most prominent organisms that are needed to be studied due to their bidirectional nature towards plants. Fascinatingly, Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (PPNs) have been profoundly observed to cause mass destruction of agricultural crops worldwide. The huge demand for agriculture for present-day population requires optimization of production potential by curbing the damage caused by PPNs. Chemical nematicides combats their proliferation, but their extended usage has abruptly affected flora, fauna and human populations. Because of consistent pressing issues in regard to environment, the use of biocontrol agents are most favourable alternatives for managing agriculture. However, this association is somehow, tug of war, and understanding of plant-nematode-microbial relation would enable the agriculturists to monitor the overall development of plants along with limiting the use of agrochemicals. Soil microbes are contemporary bio-nematicides emerging in the market, that stimulates the plant growth and impedes PPNs populations. They form natural enemies and trap nematodes, henceforth, it is crucial to understand these interactions for ecological and biotechnological perspectives for commercial use. Moreover, acquiring the diversity of their relationship and molecular-based mechanisms, outlines their cascade of signaling events to serve as biotechnological ecosystem engineers. The omics based mechanisms encompassing hormone gene regulatory pathways and elicitors released by microbes are able to modulate pathogenesis-related (PR) genes within plants. This is achieved via Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) or acquired systemic channels. Taking into account all these validations, the present review mainly advocates the relationship among microbes and nematodes in plants. It is believed that this review will boost zest and zeal within researchers to effectively understand the plant-nematodes-microbes relations and their ecological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Zhou XG, Kumar KVK, Zhou LW, Reddy MS, Kloepper JW. Combined Use of PGPRs and Reduced Rates of Azoxystrobin to Improve Management of Sheath Blight of Rice. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1034-1041. [PMID: 32931392 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1596-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Farmers rely heavily on the use of strobilurin fungicides to manage sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, the most important disease in rice in the southern United States. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate the potential use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) in combination with a reduced rate of azoxystrobin application as a strategy to improve the current fungicide-reliant management. Of the nine antagonistic PGPR strains screened in the greenhouse, Bacillus subtilis strain MBI600 provided the most significant and consistent suppression of ShB. Efficacy of strain MBI600 was further evaluated at the concentrations of 0, 103, 106, 109, and 1011 CFU/ml alone or in combinations with 0, 17, 33, 50, 67, 83, and 100% of the recommended application rate (0.16 kg a.i./ha) of azoxystrobin. Strain MBI600 applied at 106,109, and 1011 CFU/ml alone was effective in reducing ShB severity. Combinations of this strain at these rates with ≥33% of the recommended application rate of azoxystrobin further reduced ShB severity. A dose-response model defining the relationships between strain MBI600, azoxystrobin, and ShB severity was established. Estimates of the effective concentrations (EC50 and EC90) of strain MBI600 when applied in combination with 50% of the recommended application rate of azoxystrobin were 104 and 109 CFU/ml, respectively. A field trial was conducted over 4 years to verify the efficacy of their combinations. Strain MBI600 alone, when applied at 109 CFU/ml at the boot stage, reduced ShB severity but did not significantly increase grain yields each year. Combination of strain MBI600 with azoxystrobin at half of the recommended application rate improved efficacy of strain MBI600, reducing ShB severity to a level comparable to that of azoxystrobin applied at the full rate in all 4 years. The combined treatment also increased grain yield by 14 to 19%, comparable to the fungicide applied at the full rate in 3 of 4 years. Combined use of PGPR strain MBI600 with a reduced rate of azoxystrobin application can be a viable management option for control of ShB while allowing producers to use less fungicide on rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Gen Zhou
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX 77713, U.S.A
| | - K Vijay Krishna Kumar
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh 534 122, India
| | - Linda W Zhou
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX 77713, U.S.A
| | - M S Reddy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A
| | - Joseph W Kloepper
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A
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Bacillus licheniformis PR2 Controls Fungal Diseases and Increases Production of Jujube Fruit under Field Conditions. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using biocontrol agents to control fungal diseases and increase the production of jujube fruit (Zizyphus jujua Miller var. inermis Rehder). The purpose of this study was to use Bacillus licheniformis PR2 to inhibit fungal diseases and promote fruit production in jujube orchards. B. licheniformis PR2 secreted 92.4 unit/mL of chitinase, which inhibited fungal phytopathogens through hyphal alterations with swelling and bulbous structures. B. licheniformis PR2 also inhibited mycelial growths of fruit fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Phytophthora nicotianae by 81.3%, 60.1%, and 67.0%, respectively. B. licheniformis PR2 increased jujube fruit yield by 17.9 kg/tree by reducing rotting damage caused by fungal pathogens, with a yield 3.2 times higher than that achieved by the control without PR2 treatment. In addition, B. licheniformis PR2 produced auxin, which promoted cell division after flower fertilization, thus increasing fruit length and diameter by 1.2-fold compared to those of the control. These results confirmed that eco-friendly B. licheniformis PR2 could effectively control fungal diseases in jujube orchards and improve its fruit size and yield.
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Liu Y, Gao J, Bai Z, Wu S, Li X, Wang N, Du X, Fan H, Zhuang G, Bohu T, Zhuang X. Unraveling Mechanisms and Impact of Microbial Recruitment on Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.) and the Rhizosphere Mediated by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010161. [PMID: 33445684 PMCID: PMC7828142 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are noticeably applied to enhance plant nutrient acquisition and improve plant growth and health. However, limited information is available on the compositional dynamics of rhizobacteria communities with PGPR inoculation. In this study, we investigated the effects of three PGPR strains, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the ecophysiological properties of Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), rhizosphere, and bulk soil; moreover, we assessed rhizobacterial community composition using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Inoculation with S. rhizophila, R. sphaeroides, and B. amyloliquefaciens, significantly increased the plant total N (TN) (p < 0.01) content. R. sphaeroides and B. amyloliquefaciens selectively enhanced the growth of Pseudomonadacea and Flavobacteriaceae, whereas S. rhizophila could recruit diazotrophic rhizobacteria, members of Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria, whose abundance was positively correlated with inoculation, and improved the transformation of organic nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen through the promotion of ammonification. Initial colonization by PGPR in the rhizosphere affected the rhizobacterial community composition throughout the plant life cycle. Network analysis indicated that PGPR had species-dependent effects on niche competition in the rhizosphere. These results provide a better understanding of PGPR-plant-rhizobacteria interactions, which is necessary to develop the application of PGPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.G.); (Z.B.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (N.W.); (X.D.); (H.F.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jie Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.G.); (Z.B.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (N.W.); (X.D.); (H.F.); (G.Z.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.G.); (Z.B.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (N.W.); (X.D.); (H.F.); (G.Z.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanghua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.G.); (Z.B.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (N.W.); (X.D.); (H.F.); (G.Z.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianglong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.G.); (Z.B.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (N.W.); (X.D.); (H.F.); (G.Z.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.G.); (Z.B.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (N.W.); (X.D.); (H.F.); (G.Z.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiongfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.G.); (Z.B.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (N.W.); (X.D.); (H.F.); (G.Z.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haonan Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.G.); (Z.B.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (N.W.); (X.D.); (H.F.); (G.Z.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.G.); (Z.B.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (N.W.); (X.D.); (H.F.); (G.Z.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tsing Bohu
- CSIRO Mineral Resources, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia;
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.G.); (Z.B.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (N.W.); (X.D.); (H.F.); (G.Z.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6284-9193
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Biocontrol of Two Bacterial Inoculant Strains and Their Effects on the Rhizosphere Microbial Community of Field-Grown Wheat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8835275. [PMID: 33506038 PMCID: PMC7811418 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8835275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biocontrol by inoculation with beneficial microbes is a proven strategy for reducing the negative effect of soil-borne pathogens. We evaluated the effects of microbial inoculants BIO-1 and BIO-2 in reducing soil-borne wheat diseases and in influencing wheat rhizosphere microbial community composition in a plot test. The experimental design consisted of three treatments: (1) Fusarium graminearum F0609 (CK), (2) F. graminearum + BIO-1 (T1), and (3) F. graminearum F0609 + BIO-2 (T2). The results of the wheat disease investigation showed that the relative efficacies of BIO-1 and BIO-2 were up to 82.5% and 83.9%, respectively. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that bacterial abundance and diversity were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups (T1 and T2) than in the control, with significantly decreased fungal diversity in the T2 group. Principal coordinates and hierarchical clustering analyses revealed that the bacterial and fungal communities were distinctly separated between the treatment and control groups. Bacterial community composition analysis demonstrated that beneficial microbes, such as Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Nocardioides, Rhizobium, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Microbacterium, were more abundant in the treatment groups than in the control group. Fungal community composition analysis revealed that the relative abundance of the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium and Gibberella decreased and that the well-known beneficial fungi Chaetomium, Penicillium, and Humicola were more abundant in the treatment groups than in the control group. Overall, these results confirm that beneficial microbes accumulate more easily in the wheat rhizosphere following application of BIO-1 and BIO-2 and that the relative abundance of phytopathogenic fungi decreased compared with that in the control group.
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Zhou Y, Chen J, Zhu X, Wang Y, Liu X, Fan H, Duan Y, Chen L. Efficacy of Bacillus megaterium strain Sneb207 against soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) in soybean. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:568-576. [PMID: 32815305 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is the most devastating and yield-limiting pest in soybean worldwide. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, biological control becomes more and more urgent. The Bacillus megaterium Sneb207 has previously shown the ability to inhibit the movement of SCN, but little is known about its effect on nematode control in agricultural settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Sneb207 against SCN and investigate the ability of Sneb207 to induce systemic resistance to H. glycines in soybean. RESULTS The stability and efficiency of SCN control by Sneb207 was assessed in two field experiments. Compared to non-treated control, Sneb207 significantly reduced the number of cysts, SCN juveniles, and eggs, while it promoted soybean growth. Furthermore, results of two pot experiments showed that the number of initial infections of second-stage juveniles were 231.75 and 131.3 after Sneb207 treatment, respectively, lower than control (274.75 and 215.33). Sneb207 reduced the total number of juveniles and females, and lengthened SCN development time. Moreover, through the split-root system and real-time quantitative PCR experiments, we found that Sneb207 induced systemic resistance and enhanced the gene expression of GmACS9b, GmEDS1, GmPAD4, GmSAMT1, and GmNPR1-1 involved in the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways at different levels. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that B. megaterium Sneb207 inhibits the invasion, the development, and reproduction of SCN by inducing systemic resistance. The overall outcomes of the present study support B. megaterium Sneb207 as a potential biocontrol agent for H. glycines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Daqing Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Yadav AN, Kaur T, Devi R, Kour D, Yadav A, Dikilitas M, Usmani Z, Yadav N, Abdel-Azeem AM, Ahluwalia AS. Biodiversity and Biotechnological Applications of Industrially Important Fungi: Current Research and Future Prospects. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gupta S, Kaur G, Nirwan J. Role of Endophytes in Plant-Associated Remediation and Plant Growth Promotion: A Deep Insight. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54422-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Martin-Rivilla H, Garcia-Villaraco A, Ramos-Solano B, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ, Lucas JA. Bioeffectors as Biotechnological Tools to Boost Plant Innate Immunity: Signal Transduction Pathways Involved. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121731. [PMID: 33302428 PMCID: PMC7762609 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of beneficial rhizobacteria (bioeffectors) and their derived metabolic elicitors are efficient biotechnological alternatives in plant immune system elicitation. This work aimed to check the ability of 25 bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of Nicotiana glauca, and selected for their biochemical traits from a group of 175, to trigger the innate immune system of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The five strains more effective in preventing pathogen infection were used to elucidate signal transduction pathways involved in the plant immune response by studying the differential expression of Salicylic acid and Jasmonic acid/Ethylene pathway marker genes. Some strains stimulated both pathways, while others stimulated either one or the other. The metabolic elicitors of two strains, chosen for the differential expression results of the genes studied, were extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, and their capacity to mimic bacterial effect to trigger the plant immune system was studied. N-hexane and ethyl acetate were the most effective fractions against the pathogen in both strains, achieving similar protection rates although gene expression responses were different from that obtained by the bacteria. These results open an amount of biotechnological possibilities to develop biological products for agriculture.
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Siderophore production by Bacillus subtilis MF497446 and Pseudomonas koreensis MG209738 and their efficacy in controlling Cephalosporium maydis in maize plant. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:1195-1209. [PMID: 33231747 PMCID: PMC7683328 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Late wilt disease, caused by Cephalosporium maydis in maize plant, is one of the main economical diseases in Egypt. Therefore, to cope with this problem, we investigated the potentiality of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in controlling this disease. Six strains (Bacillus subtilis, B. circulance, B. coagulanse, B. licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluroscence and P. koreensis) were screened for siderophore production, and using dual plate culture method and greenhouse experiment, antagonistic activity against C. maydis was studied. Using two superior strains, single and dual inoculation treatments in maize were applied in field experiment during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. Results indicated that B. subtilis and P. koreensis strains had shown the most qualitative and quantitative assays for siderophore production and antagonistic activities. In greenhouse, the most effective treatments on the pre- and post-emergence damping off as well as growth promotion of maize were T3 treatment (inoculated with B. subtilis), and T8 treatment (inoculated with P. koreensis). In field experiment, T5 treatment (inoculated with a mixture of B. subtilis and P. koreensis) showed significant increases in catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, as well as total chlorophyll and carotenoids than control treatments during the two growing seasons. In the same way, the highest effect in reducing infection and increasing the thickness of the sclerenchymatous sheath layer surrounding the vascular bundles in maize stem was observed and these results were a reflection of the increase in yield and yield parameters.
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Synergistic Effect of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma asperellum to Induce Maize ( Zea mays L.) Defense against the Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) and Larval Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218215. [PMID: 33153030 PMCID: PMC7663379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostrinia furnacalis, is the major pest of maize causing significant yield losses. So far, many approaches have been used to increase the virulence of entomopathogenic fungal isolates. The current study is an attempt to estimate synergistic effect of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma asperellum in order to explore larval immune response through RNA sequencing and differentially expression analysis. In vivo synergism was examined in seven proportions (B. bassiana: T. asperellum = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1) and in the in vitro case, two inoculation methods were applied: seed coating and soil drenching. Results revealed significant decrease in plant damage and high larval mortality in fungal treatments. Fungal isolates mediated the plant defense by increasing proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and protease activities. Seed coating method was proved to be the most effective in case of maize endophytic colonization. In total, 59 immune-related differentially expressed genes DEGs were identified including, cytochrome P450, heat shock protein, ABC transporter, cadherin, peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), cuticlular protein, etc. Further, transcriptomic response was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Our results concluded that, coculture of B. bassiana and T. asperellum has the synergistic potential to suppress the immune response of O. furnacalis and can be used as sustainable approach to induce plant resistance through activation of defense-related enzymes.
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Khoshfarman-Borji H, Pahlavan Yali M, Bozorg-Amirkalaee M. Induction of resistance against Brevicoryne brassicae by Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid in canola. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:597-610. [PMID: 32252840 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem: Aphididae), is one of the most serious pests of canola worldwide. In this research, the effects of Pseudomonas putida, salicylic acid (SA), and integrated application of both inducers were studied on the resistance of canola to B. brassicae. In free-choice situation, the number of B. brassicae attracted on canola plants under treatments containing P. putida and SA was significantly lower compared to control plants. In the life table study, pre-adult survival, longevity, reproductive period, and fecundity of this aphid were lowest on plants treated with P. putida + SA. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of population increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) of B. brassicae decreased significantly in the following order: control (47.19 offspring, 0.293 and 1.340 day-1), P. putida (16.7 offspring, 0.238 and 1.269 day-1), SA (6.37 offspring, 0.163 and 1.178 day-1), and P. putida + SA (3.24 offspring, 0.112 and 1.119 day-1). Moreover, the beneficial effect of the integrated application of P. putida and SA on plant growth parameters was significantly evident in our study. The highest values of glucosinolates, total phenol, and flavonoids were recorded in P. putida + SA treatment. We concluded that canola plants treated with P. putida + SA are more resistant to the cabbage aphid. These findings demonstrated that SA integrated with P. putida on canola plants act effectively for reducing the population of B. brassicae and can be used in integrated management programs of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khoshfarman-Borji
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Iran
| | - M Pahlavan Yali
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Iran
| | - M Bozorg-Amirkalaee
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
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Chen Y, Liu T, Li Q, Ma Y, Cheng J, Xu L. Screening for Candidate Genes Associated with Biocontrol Mechanisms of Bacillus pumilus DX01 Using Tn5 Transposon Mutagenesis and a 2-DE-Based Comparative Proteomic Analysis. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3397-3408. [PMID: 32915287 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1467 mutants of the biocontrol bacterium Bacillus pumilus DX01 were obtained by Tn5 insertional mutagenesis and subjected to the determination of antagonistic capabilities. Compared with the wild-type strain DX01, the mutant M25 was identified to have the most significant reduction in antagonistic capability against the phytopathogen Bipolaris maydis and extracellular proteinase activity. The integration site of the exogenous T-DNA in the genome of mutant M25 was revealed in the coding region of malony CoA-ACP transacylase (MCAT) gene (mcat), which belongs to a polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster, DX01pks of B. pumilus DX01. Furthermore, the whole DX01pks gene cluster was cloned using Illumina Solexa sequencing technology, and it has a modular framework different from the other two gene clusters involved in polyketide synthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 (pks1) and B. subtilis 168 (pksX). Finally, in order to gain more insights into the molecular mechanisms of biocontrol of B. pumilus DX01, the changes in the relative level of expression of total proteins between the original strain DX01 and the mutant M25 were detected by 2-DE-based proteomic analysis. A total of twenty differentially expressed proteins were identified upon the mcat gene transposition mutagenesis. Of these proteins, seven proteins were up-regulated in expression level and the other proteins were down-regulated. Taken together, the results in this study showed that Tn5 transposon mutagenesis of B. pumilus DX01 can lead to a significant change of antiphytopathogen ability, and the DX01pks gene cluster possibly play a potential role in the biocontrol processes of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Chen
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qiongjie Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiejie Cheng
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lurong Xu
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Subedi P, Gattoni K, Liu W, Lawrence KS, Park SW. Current Utility of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as Biological Control Agents towards Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1167. [PMID: 32916856 PMCID: PMC7569769 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are among the most economically and ecologically damaging pests, causing severe losses of crop production worldwide. Chemical-based nematicides have been widely used, but these may have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Hence, biological control agents (BCAs) have become an alternative option for controlling PPN, since they are environmentally friendly and cost effective. Lately, a major effort has been made to evaluate the potential of a commercial grade strain of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as BCAs, because emerging evidence has shown that PGPR can reduce PPN in infested plants through direct and/or indirect antagonistic mechanisms. Direct antagonism occurs by predation, release of antinematicidal metabolites and semiochemicals, competition for nutrients, and niche exclusion. However, the results of direct antagonism may be inconsistent due to unknown endogenous and exogenous factors that may prevent PGPR from colonizing plant's roots. On the other hand, indirect antagonism may occur from the induced systemic resistance (ISR) that primes whole plants to better fight against various biotic and abiotic constraints, actuating faster and/or stronger defense responses (adaption), enhancing their promise as BCAs. Hence, this review will briefly revisit (i) two modes of PGPR in managing PPN, and (ii) the current working models and many benefits of ISR, in the aim of reassessing current progresses and future directions for isolating more effective BCAs and/or developing better PPN management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kathy S. Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (P.S.); (K.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Sang-Wook Park
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (P.S.); (K.G.); (W.L.)
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Endophytic microbes: biodiversity, plant growth-promoting mechanisms and potential applications for agricultural sustainability. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1075-1107. [PMID: 32488494 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic microbes are known to live asymptomatically inside their host throughout different stages of their life cycle and play crucial roles in the growth, development, fitness, and diversification of plants. The plant-endophyte association ranges from mutualism to pathogenicity. These microbes help the host to combat a diverse array of biotic and abiotic stressful conditions. Endophytic microbes play a major role in the growth promotion of their host by solubilizing of macronutrients such as phosphorous, potassium, and zinc; fixing of atmospheric nitrogen, synthesizing of phytohormones, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and act as a biocontrol agent against wide array of phytopathogens. Endophytic microbes are beneficial to plants by directly promoting their growth or indirectly by inhibiting the growth of phytopathogens. Over a long period of co-evolution, endophytic microbes have attained the mechanism of synthesis of various hydrolytic enzymes such as pectinase, xylanases, cellulase, and proteinase which help in the penetration of endophytic microbes into tissues of plants. The effective usage of endophytic microbes in the form of bioinoculants reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers. Endophytic microbes belong to different phyla such as Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-thermus, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The most predominant and studied endophytic bacteria belonged to Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes and then by Actinobacteria. The most dominant among reported genera in most of the leguminous and non-leguminous plants are Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Burkholderia, Rhizobium, and Klebsiella. In future, endophytic microbes have a wide range of potential for maintaining health of plant as well as environmental conditions for agricultural sustainability. The present review is focused on endophytic microbes, their diversity in leguminous as well as non-leguminous crops, biotechnological applications, and ability to promote the growth of plant for agro-environmental sustainability.
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Bukhat S, Imran A, Javaid S, Shahid M, Majeed A, Naqqash T. Communication of plants with microbial world: Exploring the regulatory networks for PGPR mediated defense signaling. Microbiol Res 2020; 238:126486. [PMID: 32464574 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural manipulation of potentially beneficial rhizosphere microbes is increasing rapidly due to their multi-functional plant-protective and growth related benefits. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are mostly non-pathogenic microbes which exert direct benefits on plants while there are rhizosphere bacteria which indirectly help plant by ameliorating the biotic and/or abiotic stress or induction of defense response in plant. Regulation of these direct or indirect effect takes place via highly specialized communication system induced at multiple levels of interaction i.e., inter-species, intra-species, and inter-kingdom. Studies have provided insights into the functioning of signaling molecules involved in communication and induction of defense responses. Activation of host immune responses upon bacterial infection or rhizobacteria perception requires comprehensive and precise gene expression reprogramming and communication between hosts and microbes. Majority of studies have focused on signaling of host pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and nod-like receptor (NLR) and microbial effector proteins under mining the role of other components such as mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), microRNA, histone deacytylases. The later ones are important regulators of gene expression reprogramming in plant immune responses, pathogen virulence and communications in plant-microbe interactions. During the past decade, inoculation of PGPR has emerged as potential strategy to induce biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants; hence, it is imperative to expose the basis of these interactions. This review discusses microbes and plants derived signaling molecules for their communication, regulatory and signaling networks of PGPR and their different products that are involved in inducing resistance and tolerance in plants against environmental stresses and the effect of defense signaling on root microbiome. We expect that it will lead to the development and exploitation of beneficial microbes as source of crop biofertilizers in climate changing scenario enabling more sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien Bukhat
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Imran
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shaista Javaid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore Main Campus, Defense road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Afshan Majeed
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Naqqash
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan.
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De Vrieze M, Varadarajan AR, Schneeberger K, Bailly A, Rohr RP, Ahrens CH, Weisskopf L. Linking Comparative Genomics of Nine Potato-Associated Pseudomonas Isolates With Their Differing Biocontrol Potential Against Late Blight. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:857. [PMID: 32425922 PMCID: PMC7204214 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For plants, the advantages of associating with beneficial bacteria include plant growth promotion, reduction of abiotic and biotic stresses and enhanced protection against various pests and diseases. Beneficial bacteria rightly equipped for successful plant colonization and showing antagonistic activity toward plant pathogens seem to be actively recruited by plants. To gain more insights into the genetic determinants responsible for plant colonization and antagonistic activities, we first sequenced and de novo assembled the complete genomes of nine Pseudomonas strains that had exhibited varying antagonistic potential against the notorious oomycete Phytophthora infestans, placed them into the phylogenomic context of known Pseudomonas biocontrol strains and carried out a comparative genomic analysis to define core, accessory (i.e., genes found in two or more, but not all strains) and unique genes. Next, we assessed the colonizing abilities of these strains and used bioassays to characterize their inhibitory effects against different stages of P. infestans' lifecycle. The phenotype data were then correlated with genotype information, assessing over three hundred genes encoding known factors for plant colonization and antimicrobial activity as well as secondary metabolite biosynthesis clusters predicted by antiSMASH. All strains harbored genes required for successful plant colonization but also distinct arsenals of antimicrobial compounds. We identified genes coding for phenazine, hydrogen cyanide, 2-hexyl, 5-propyl resorcinol and pyrrolnitrin synthesis, as well as various siderophores, pyocins and type VI secretion systems. Additionally, the comparative genomic analysis revealed about a hundred accessory genes putatively involved in anti-Phytophthora activity, including a type II secretion system (T2SS), several peptidases and a toxin. Transcriptomic studies and mutagenesis are needed to further investigate the putative involvement of the novel candidate genes and to identify the various mechanisms involved in the inhibition of P. infestans by different Pseudomonas strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mout De Vrieze
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adithi R. Varadarajan
- Agroscope, Research Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics & SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Agroscope, Research Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics & SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bailly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf P. Rohr
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christian H. Ahrens
- Agroscope, Research Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics & SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Laure Weisskopf
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Serteyn L, Quaghebeur C, Ongena M, Cabrera N, Barrera A, Molina-Montenegro MA, Francis F, Ramírez CC. Induced Systemic Resistance by a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Impacts Development and Feeding Behavior of Aphids. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11040234. [PMID: 32276327 PMCID: PMC7240704 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microorganisms on plant-insect interactions have usually been underestimated. While plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to induce plant defenses, endosymbiotic bacteria hosted by herbivorous insects are often beneficial to the host. Here, we aimed to assess whether PGPR-induced defenses in broad bean plants impact the pea aphid, depending on its genotype and the presence of endosymbionts. We estimated aphid reproduction, quantified defense- and growth-related phytohormones by GC-MS, and measured different plant growth and physiology parameters, after PGPR treatment. In addition, we recorded the feeding behavior of aphids by electropenetrography. We found that the PGPR treatment of broad bean plants reduced the reproduction of one of the pea aphid clones. We highlighted a phenomenon of PGPR-induced plant defense priming, but no noticeable plant growth promotion. The main changes in aphid probing behavior were related to salivation events into phloem sieve elements. We suggest that the endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa played a key role in plant-insect interactions, possibly helping aphids to counteract plant-induced resistance and allowing them to develop normally on PGPR-treated plants. Our results imply that plant- and aphid-associated microorganisms add greater complexity to the outcomes of aphid-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Serteyn
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.Q.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (C.C.R.); Tel.: +3-281-622-235 (L.S.); +5-671-220-0289 (C.C.R.)
| | - Céleste Quaghebeur
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.Q.); (F.F.)
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Nuri Cabrera
- Laboratorio Interacciones Insecto-Planta, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 1141 Talca, Chile;
| | - Andrea Barrera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 1141 Talca, Chile; (A.B.); (M.A.M.-M.)
| | - Marco A. Molina-Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Ecología Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 1141 Talca, Chile; (A.B.); (M.A.M.-M.)
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, 1281 Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.Q.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudio C. Ramírez
- Laboratorio Interacciones Insecto-Planta, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 1141 Talca, Chile;
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (C.C.R.); Tel.: +3-281-622-235 (L.S.); +5-671-220-0289 (C.C.R.)
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47
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Alcaide C, Rabadán MP, Moreno-Pérez MG, Gómez P. Implications of mixed viral infections on plant disease ecology and evolution. Adv Virus Res 2020; 106:145-169. [PMID: 32327147 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mixed viral infections occur more commonly than would be expected by chance in nature. Virus-virus interactions may affect viral traits and leave a genetic signature in the population, and thus influence the prevalence and emergence of viral diseases. Understanding about how the interactions between viruses within a host shape the evolutionary dynamics of the viral populations is needed for viral disease prevention and management. Here, we first synthesize concepts implied in the occurrence of virus-virus interactions. Second, we consider the role of the within-host interactions of virus-virus and virus-other pathogenic microbes, on the composition and structure of viral populations. Third, we contemplate whether mixed viral infections can create opportunities for the generation and maintenance of viral genetic diversity. Fourth, we attempt to summarize the evolutionary response of viral populations to mixed infections to understand how they shape the spatio-temporal dynamics of viral populations at the individual plant and field scales. Finally, we anticipate the future research under the reconciliation of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary ecology, drawing attention to the need of adding more complexity to future research in order to gain a better understanding about the mechanisms operating in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alcaide
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Dpto Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Rabadán
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Dpto Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel G Moreno-Pérez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Dpto Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Gómez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Dpto Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Murcia, Spain.
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48
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Aguilar E, del Toro FJ, Figueira-Galán D, Hou W, Canto T, Tenllado F. Virus infection induces resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and to drought in both compatible and incompatible bacteria–host interactions, which are compromised under conditions of elevated temperature and CO2 levels. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:122-135. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Aguilar
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Francisco J. del Toro
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - David Figueira-Galán
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Weina Hou
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Tomás Canto
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Francisco Tenllado
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
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49
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Cesa-Luna C, Baez A, Quintero-Hernández V, De la Cruz-Enríquez J, Castañeda-Antonio MD, Muñoz-Rojas J. The importance of antimicrobial compounds produced by beneficial bacteria on the biocontrol of phytopathogens. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v25n1.76867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria produce antimicrobial compounds to compete for nutrients and space in a particular habitat. Antagonistic interactions can be evaluated by several methodologies including the double-layer agar and simultaneous inhibition assays. Among the well-known inhibitory substances produced by bacteria are the broad-spectrum antibiotics, organic acids, siderophores, antifungal, and bacteriocins. The most studied bacterial genera able to produce these inhibitory substances are Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia, and Burkholderia. Some beneficial bacteria can promote plant growth and degrade toxic compounds in the environment representing an attractive solution to diverse issues in agriculture and soil pollution, particularly in fields with damaged soils where pesticides and fertilizers have been indiscriminately used. Beneficial bacteria may increase plant health by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms; some examples include Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Azospirullum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas protegens, and Burkholderia tropica. However, most studies showing the antagonistic potential of these bacteria have been performed in vitro, and just a few of them have been evaluated in association with plants. Several inhibitory substances involved in pathogen antagonism have not been elucidated yet; in fact, we know only 1 % of the bacterial diversity in a natural environment leading us to assume that many other inhibitory substances remain unexplored. In this review, we will describe the characteristics of some antimicrobial compounds produced by beneficial bacteria, the principal methodologies performed to evaluate their production, modes of action, and their importance for biotechnological purposes.
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50
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Verly C, Djoman ACR, Rigault M, Giraud F, Rajjou L, Saint-Macary ME, Dellagi A. Plant Defense Stimulator Mediated Defense Activation Is Affected by Nitrate Fertilization and Developmental Stage in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:583. [PMID: 32528493 PMCID: PMC7264385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense stimulators, used in crop protection, are an attractive option to reduce the use of conventional crop protection products and optimize biocontrol strategies. These products are able to activate plant defenses and thus limit infection by pathogens. However, the effectiveness of these plant defense stimulators remains erratic and is potentially dependent on many agronomic and environmental parameters still unknown or poorly controlled. The developmental stage of the plant as well as its fertilization, and essentially nitrogen nutrition, play major roles in defense establishment in the presence of pathogens or plant defense stimulators. The major nitrogen source used by plants is nitrate. In this study, we investigated the impact of Arabidopsis thaliana plant developmental stage and nitrate nutrition on its capacity to mount immune reactions in response to two plant defense stimulators triggering two major defense pathways, the salicylic acid and the jasmonic acid pathways. We show that optimal nitrate nutrition is needed for effective defense activation and protection against the pathogenic bacteria Dickeya dadantii and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Using an npr1 defense signaling mutant, we showed that nitrate dependent protection against D. dadantii requires a functional NPR1 gene. Our results indicate that the efficacy of plant defense stimulators is strongly affected by nitrate nutrition and the developmental stage. The nitrate dependent efficacy of plant defense stimulators is not only due to a metabolic effect but also invloves NPR1 mediated defense signaling. Plant defense stimulators may have opposite effects on plant resistance to a pathogen. Together, our results indicate that agronomic use of plant defense stimulators must be optimized according to nitrate fertilization and developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Verly
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Staphyt-Service L&G/BIOTEAM, Martillac, France
| | - Atsin Claude Roméo Djoman
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Staphyt-Service L&G/BIOTEAM, Martillac, France
| | - Martine Rigault
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | | | - Loïc Rajjou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | | | - Alia Dellagi
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- *Correspondence: Alia Dellagi,
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