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Li J, Chen M, Yang X, Zhang L. Preparation of a novel hydrogel of sodium alginate using rural waste bone meal for efficient adsorption of heavy metals cadmium ion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160969. [PMID: 36549539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption has been an important method for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. However, there has been a lack of an environmentally friendly, low-cost, biodegradable and easily recyclable material. China produces bones are not fully utilized leads to a waste of resources Therefore, efficient application of bone meal (BM) for remediation of contaminants in water would provide a promising alternative for resource utilization of bones. In this paper, we use a combination of BM and sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a novel BM/SA/calcium ion (BM/SA/Ca2+) double cross-linked composite hydrogel (BMSAH). Enhance the mechanical structure of SA while making the BM easy to recycle and reuse. The morphology and structure of the BMSAH were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM-EDS. suggesting that the BMSAH can provide a larger specific surface area and high number of adsorption sites. The effects of the solution pH, ionic strength and contact time on the adsorption capacity of the BMSAH were investigated in depth, Under different conditions, BMSAH has a strong adsorption capacity of >90 %. XPS and FT-IR analysis showed that Cd2+ was adsorbed mainly via coordination interactions and hydrogen bonds with the carboxyl groups and nitrogen atoms in the BMSAH. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model, particle diffusion model and Isothermal adsorption lines indicate that the surface of the BMSAH is non-uniform suggesting that the adsorption of heavy metal ions by the BMSAH involves a combination of surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms, which is an overall chemical-physical adsorption process. In addition, the adsorption capacity of BMSAH remained above 90 % after three desorption cycles. Our work provides a new method for the preparation of a low-cost, high mechanical performance, biodegradable and easily recyclable physical hydrogels used for the removal of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China
| | - Mengxin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China.
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Feng H, Cheng J. Whole-Process Risk Management of Soil Amendments for Remediation of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil-A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1869. [PMID: 36767236 PMCID: PMC9914875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils by adding exogenous materials is a technology for remediating soils contaminated with heavy metals. Unlike industrial sites, the use of such techniques in agricultural soils requires consideration of not only reducing the mobility of heavy metals but also avoiding adverse effects on soil fertility and the growth of plants. Due to the uncertainty of the stability of amendments applied to agricultural soil, the application of amendments in farmland soil is controversial. This article reviewed the field studies in which amendments were used to immobilize heavy metals, and identified the potential environmental impacts of all aspects of soil amendment usage, including production and processing, transportation, storage, application to soil, long-term stability, and plant absorption. Results of the study indicated that after identifying the environmental risks of the whole process of the application of improvers in agricultural fields, it is necessary to classify the risks according to their characteristics, and design differentiated risk control measures for the safe application of this type of technology.
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Liu YZ, Fan RD, Liu SY, He H. Oxalic acid activated bone meal for immobilization of Pb and Cd contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:36281-36294. [PMID: 35064507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone meal (BM) is a cost-effective and low-carbon material to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. Moreover, its immobilization efficiency for heavy metals still requires improvement. This study aimed to assess the activation effect of oxalic acid on the BM to develop an oxalic acid-activated bone meal (ABM) for improving immobilization efficiency. Several series of tests, including the available phosphorus content test, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, are used to investigate the effect of activation on the immobilization ability and chemical speciation of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in soils and the different mechanisms of Pb/Cd immobilization using the ABM and BM. The results indicate that the ABM possesses a higher solubility than the BM. The activation of BM achieves optimal effect when using 1 mol/L oxalic acid solution with a liquid-solid ratio of 2:1. The TCLP and BCR test results show that the ABM significantly outperforms the BM in terms of Pb immobilization. The leaching concentration of Pb from ABM immobilized soils can meet regulatory limits in China and the USA, and it is also 30 to 75% lower than that from BM immobilized soils. Regarding Cd immobilization, ABM outperforms BM after 90 days of curing. The XRD analysis shows that heavy metal phosphates are the primary products of Pb and Cd immobilized by ABM, whereas heavy metal carbonates are the main products after the immobilization by BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering and Environmental Safety, Southeast University, Nanjing, 21189, China
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ri-Dong Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Song-Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering and Environmental Safety, Southeast University, Nanjing, 21189, China.
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Huan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering and Environmental Safety, Southeast University, Nanjing, 21189, China
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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Faucher S, Ivaneev AI, Fedotov PS, Lespes G. Characterization of volcanic ash nanoparticles and study of their fate in aqueous medium by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation-multi-detection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31850-31860. [PMID: 33619622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dimensional and elemental characterization of environmental nanoparticles is a challenging task that requires the use of a set of complementary analytical methods. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation coupled with UV-Vis, multi-angle laser light scattering and ICP-MS detection was applied to study the nanoparticle fraction of a volcanic ash sample, in a Milli-Q water suspension at pH 6.8. It has been shown that the separated by sedimentation nanoparticle fraction of the Klyuchevskoy volcano ash suspension contains 3 polydisperse populations for which size ranges (expressed in gyration radius, rG), hydrodynamic behaviours (evaluated via shape index) and elemental compositions are different. These 3 populations did not dissolve over the 72-h study but aggregated and settled out differently. Thus, the population of particles with gyration radii <140 nm (P1), which contained 6% Al2O3 and represented approximately 20% by mass of the nanoparticle fraction, remained in suspension without observable aggregation. The populations P2 and P3, which represented 67% and 13% by mass in the initial suspension, covered the rG range 25-250 nm and contained 17% and 15% Al2O3, respectively. Over time, populations P2 and P3 aggregated and their concentration in suspension at 72 h decreased by approximately 40% compared with the initial suspension. The decrease of these nanoparticle populations occurred either from the beginning of the temporal monitoring (P2) or after 30 h (P3). Aggregation generated a new population (P4) in suspension with rG up to 300 nm and mostly consisting of P2. This population represented only up to 6 to 7% of the nanoparticle fraction and decreased beyond 50 h. As a result, the trace elements present in the nanoparticle fraction and monitored (Cu and La) were also no longer found in the suspension. The results obtained can offer additional insights into the fate of volcanic ash nanoparticles in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Faucher
- IUniversité de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Helioparc, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053, Pau Cedex, 9, France.
| | - Alexandr I Ivaneev
- IUniversité de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Helioparc, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053, Pau Cedex, 9, France
- National University of Science and Technology 'MISIS', Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Petr S Fedotov
- National University of Science and Technology 'MISIS', Moscow, 119049, Russia
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Gaëtane Lespes
- IUniversité de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Helioparc, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053, Pau Cedex, 9, France.
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Recent Trends in Sustainable Remediation of Pb-Contaminated Shooting Range Soils: Rethinking Waste Management within a Circular Economy. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil metal contamination in recreational shooting ranges represents a widespread environmental problem. Lead (Pb) is the primary component of traditional ammunition, followed by metalloids such as antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As). Lead-based bullets and pellets deposited on the soil surface are subject to steady weathering; hence, metal(loid)s are released and accumulated in the underlying soil, with potential adverse consequences for ecosystem function and human health. Amongst the currently available environmentally-safe technologies for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils, chemical immobilization is recognized as the most practical and cost-effective one. This technology often uses inorganic and organic amendments to reduce metal mobility, bioavailability and toxicity (environmental benefits). Likewise, amendments may also promote and speed up the re-establishment of vegetation on metal-affected soils, thus facilitating the conversion of abandoned shooting ranges into public green spaces (social benefit). In line with this, the circular economy paradigm calls for a more sustainable waste management, for instance, by recycling and reusing by-products and wastes in an attempt to reduce the demand for raw materials (economic benefit). The objective of this manuscript is to present a state-of-the-art review of the different industrial and agro-food by-products and wastes used for the remediation of metal-contaminated shooting range soils.
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Simpson R, Cooper DML, Swanston T, Coulthard I, Varney TL. Historical overview and new directions in bioarchaeological trace element analysis: a review. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 33520004 PMCID: PMC7810633 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-020-01262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Given their strong affinity for the skeleton, trace elements are often stored in bones and teeth long term. Diet, geography, health, disease, social status, activity, and occupation are some factors which may cause differential exposure to, and uptake of, trace elements, theoretically introducing variability in their concentrations and/or ratios in the skeleton. Trace element analysis of bioarchaeological remains has the potential, therefore, to provide rich insights into past human lifeways. This review provides a historical overview of bioarchaeological trace element analysis and comments on the current state of the discipline by highlighting approaches with growing momentum. Popularity for the discipline surged following preliminary studies in the 1960s to 1970s that demonstrated the utility of strontium (Sr) as a dietary indicator. During the 1980s, Sr/Ca ratio and multi-element studies were commonplace in bioarchaeology, linking trace elements with dietary phenomena. Interest in using trace elements for bioarchaeological inferences waned following a period of critiques in the late 1980s to 1990s that argued the discipline failed to account for diagenesis, simplified complex element uptake and regulation processes, and used several unsuitable elements for palaeodietary reconstruction (e.g. those under homeostatic regulation, those without a strong affinity for the skeleton). In the twenty-first century, trace element analyses have been primarily restricted to Sr and lead (Pb) isotope analysis and the study of toxic trace elements, though small pockets of bioarchaeology have continued to analyse multiple elements. Techniques such as micro-sampling, element mapping, and non-traditional stable isotope analysis have provided novel insights which hold the promise of helping to overcome limitations faced by the discipline. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12520-020-01262-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Simpson
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
- Present Address: Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - David M. L. Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Treena Swanston
- Department of Anthropology, Economics and Political Science, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | | | - Tamara L. Varney
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON Canada
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Park JH, Wang JJ, Kim SH, Kang SW, Cho JS, Delaune RD, Ok YS, Seo DC. Lead sorption characteristics of various chicken bone part-derived chars. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1675-1685. [PMID: 29344748 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recycling food waste for beneficial use is becoming increasingly important in resource-limited economy. In this study, waste chicken bones of different parts from restaurant industry were pyrolyzed at 600 °C and evaluated for char physicochemical properties and Pb sorption characteristics. Lead adsorption isotherms by different chicken bone chars were carried out with initial Pb concentration range of 1-1000 mg L-1 at pH 5. The Pb adsorption data were better described by the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9289-0.9937; ARE = 22.7-29.3%) than the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.8684-0.9544; ARE = 35.4-72.0%). Among the chars derived from different chicken bone parts, the tibia bone char exhibited the highest maximum Pb adsorption capacity of 263 mg g-1 followed by the pelvis (222 mg g-1), ribs (208 mg g-1), clavicle (179 mg g-1), vertebrae (159 mg g-1), and humerus (135 mg g-1). The Pb adsorption capacities were significantly and positively correlated with the surface area, phosphate release amount, and total phosphorus content of chicken bone chars (r ≥ 0.9711). On the other hand, approximately 75-88% of the adsorbed Pb on the chicken bone chars was desorbable with 0.1 M HCl, indicating their recyclability for reuse. Results demonstrated that chicken bone char could be used as an effective adsorbent for Pb removal in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Park
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Seong-Heon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Se-Won Kang
- Department of Bio-Environmental Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Ju-Sik Cho
- Department of Bio-Environmental Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Ronald D Delaune
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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Huang G, Gao R, You J, Zhu J, Fu Q, Hu H. Oxalic acid activated phosphate rock and bone meal to immobilize Cu and Pb in mine soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:401-407. [PMID: 30851537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of soil by copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) is a serious concern because of its high health risk via the food chain. Oxalic acid-activated phosphate rock (APR) and bone meal (BM) were applied to Cu and Pb co-contaminated soil to investigate their efficacy in the immobilization of Cu and Pb. APR and BM were applied into the contaminated soil (158.8 mg/kg total Pb and 573.2 mg/kg Cu) at four levels of dosages (0.1%, 0.5%, 2%, and 4%) and incubated for one year. The results demonstrated that the acid exchangeable Pb fraction in the soil treated with APR and BM decreased compared to the control, while there was no noticeable change in the acid-exchangeable Cu fraction in the soil treated with either APR or BM. Meanwhile, the application of BM and APR increased the fraction of residual Cu and Pb in the polluted soils. Moreover, the addition of either APR or BM at the dose of 4% decreased the concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Cu and Pb in the amended soil, and the percentages of that reduction in the APR amended soils were 56% and 91% and in BM amended soils were 67% and 64%, respectively. The immobilization of Cu and Pb by APR and BM might be induced by the increased soil pH and soluble P contents in the amended soils. In general, BM is more effective than APR on the immobilization of Cu in polluted soil, while APR had greater efficiency than BM on the immobilization of Pb when the levels of amendments were above 2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Ruili Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jinwei You
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Qingling Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Hongqing Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
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Hamid Y, Tang L, Yaseen M, Hussain B, Zehra A, Aziz MZ, He ZL, Yang X. Comparative efficacy of organic and inorganic amendments for cadmium and lead immobilization in contaminated soil under rice-wheat cropping system. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:259-268. [PMID: 30265933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in two consecutive rice-wheat cropping seasons on a yellow clay soil to assess the efficacy of organic and inorganic amendments for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) immobilization. Amendments were applied alone and in combinations to compare their efficacy for metals immobilization. Composite amendment of GSA-4 (Green Stabilizing Agent) and biochar resulted in higher biomass and grains yield for both rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Liming, DEK1 (Di Kang No. 1) or GSA-4 amendment increased soil pH from 6.34 to 7.35, 7.20 and 7.15, respectively. Soil amendments significantly reduced DTPA extractable Cd and Pb in soil at wheat harvest. Cadmium and Pb fractionation showed a significant decrease in the extractable fractions by the amendment of biochar (34% and 25%) or GSA-4 (35% and 26%, respectively). GSA-4 and biochar amendment enhanced metals immobilization and reduced their uptake by plant and subsequent accumulation in the grains of rice and wheat, particularly with GSA-4. These results indicate that GSA-4 and biochar, especially their combination, have great potential for application to remediate Cd and Pb contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38080, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Afsheen Zehra
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahir Aziz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38080, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhen-Li He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Li S, He Z, Li H. Effect of nano-scaled rabbit bone powder on physicochemical properties of rabbit meat batter. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4533-4541. [PMID: 29485183 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore a new method of deep processing and to improve the value of rabbit bone, we prepared a nano-scaled rabbit bone powder by dry ball milling and compared the effect of different particle sizes of rabbit bone powder [fine-scaled (236.01 ± 5.99 μm), superfine-scaled (65.92 ± 1.71 μm), nano-scaled (502.52 ± 11.72 nm)] on the nutritional characteristics, pH, color, water-holding capacity, textural and rheological attributes of rabbit meat batter. RESULTS The rabbit bone powder significantly affected nutritional characteristics of meat batters; in particular, the contents of calcium were increased, regardless of particle size. Additionally, the rabbit meat batter, which contained 20 g kg-1 nano-scaled rabbit bone, had the lowest centrifugal and cooking losses among the treatments. CONCLUSION Based on the textural and rheological attributes of the rabbit meat batters, the addition of 20 g kg-1 nano-scaled rabbit bone was the best treatment. This represents an important finding with respect to the deep processing of rabbit bone in the rabbit meat industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhifei He
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hongjun Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing, PR China
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Gu S, Tominaka T, Dodbiba G, Fujita T. Recovery of Indium and Gallium from Spent IGZO Targets by Leaching and Solvent Extraction. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.17we298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gu
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takashi Tominaka
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Gjergj Dodbiba
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Toyohisa Fujita
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
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Phusantisampan T, Meeinkuirt W, Saengwilai P, Pichtel J, Chaiyarat R. Phytostabilization potential of two ecotypes of Vetiveria zizanioides in cadmium-contaminated soils: greenhouse and field experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20027-38. [PMID: 27438875 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) poses a serious environmental and public health concern. Phytoremediation, i.e., the use of plants to remove contaminants from soil, has been proposed for treatment of Cd-contaminated ecosystems. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of Vetiveria zizanioides, commonly known as vetiver, to serve as an effective phytoremediation agent. Two ecotypes, i.e., India and Sri Lanka, were grown in greenhouse pots and in the field. Soils were amended with cow manure, pig manure, bat manure, and an organic fertilizer. Among all amendments, pig manure performed best in both greenhouse and field studies in terms of increasing total V. zizanioides biomass production in both ecotypes. In both greenhouse and in the field, tissue of the Sri Lanka ecotype had higher Cd concentrations than did the India ecotype. In the greenhouse, the presence of Cd did not affect total biomass production or root dry weight. The Sri Lanka ecotype had 2.7 times greater adventitious root numbers and 3.6 times greater Cd accumulation in roots than did the India ecotype. In the field study, the Sri Lanka ecotype offers potential as an excluder species, as it accumulated Cd primarily in roots, with translocation factor values <1 and a bioconcentration coefficient for roots >1 for all experiments except for the pig manure amendment. In addition, the highest Cd concentration in the Sri Lanka ecotype root (71.3 mg kg(-1)) was consistent with highest Cd uptake (10.4 mg plant(-1)) in the cow manure treatment. The India ecotype contained lower root Cd concentrations, and Cd accumulation was slightly higher in shoots compared to roots, with translocation factor (TF) values >1. The India ecotype was therefore not considered as an excluder in the Cd-contaminated soil. With the use of excluder species combined with application of organic amendments, soil contamination by Cd may be treated by alternative remediation methods such as phytostabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerawut Phusantisampan
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | | | - Patompong Saengwilai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - John Pichtel
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - Rattanawat Chaiyarat
- Faculty of Environmental and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, 73120, Thailand
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Zhao S, Jia L, Duo L. Combining Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Permeable Barriers for Enhanced Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals from Municipal Solid Waste Compost by and Reduced Metal Leaching. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:933-939. [PMID: 27136160 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.01.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction has the potential to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil, and chelants can be used to improve the capabilities of phytoextraction. However, environmentally persistent chelants can cause metal leaching and groundwater pollution. A column experiment was conducted to evaluate the viability of biodegradable nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) to increase the uptake of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn) by L. in municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and to evaluate the effect of two permeable barrier materials, bone meal and crab shell, on metal leaching. The application of NTA significantly increased the concentrations and uptake of heavy metals in . The enhancement was more pronounced at higher dosages of NTA. In the 15 mmol kg NTA treatment using a crab shell barrier, the Cr and Ni concentrations in the plant shoots increased by approximately 8- and 10-fold, respectively, relative to the control. However, the addition of NTA also caused significant heavy metal leaching from the MSW compost. Bone meal and crab shell barriers positioned between the compost and the subsoil were effective in preventing metal leaching down through the soil profile by the retention of metals in the barrier. The application of a biodegradable chelant and the use of permeable barriers is a viable form of enhanced phytoextraction to increase the removal of metals and to reduce possible leaching.
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14
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Ashrafi M, Mohamad S, Yusoff I, Shahul Hamid F. Immobilization of Pb, Cd, and Zn in a contaminated soil using eggshell and banana stem amendments: metal leachability and a sequential extraction study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:223-230. [PMID: 25060308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal-contaminated soil is one of the major environmental pollution issues all over the world. In this study, two low-cost amendments, inorganic eggshell and organic banana stem, were applied to slightly alkaline soil for the purpose of in situ immobilization of Pb, Cd, and Zn. The artificially metal-contaminated soil was treated with 5% eggshell or 10% banana stem. To simulate the rainfall conditions, a metal leaching experiment for a period of 12 weeks was designed, and the total concentrations of the metals in the leachates were determined every 2 weeks. The results from the metal leaching analysis revealed that eggshell amendment generally reduced the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the leachates, whereas banana stem amendment was effective only on the reduction of Cd concentration in the leachates. A sequential extraction analysis was carried out at the end of the experiment to find out the speciation of the heavy metals in the amended soils. Eggshell amendment notably decreased mobility of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the soil by transforming their readily available forms to less accessible fractions. Banana stem amendment also reduced exchangeable form of Cd and increased its residual form in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Ashrafi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia,
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15
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Park JH, Cho JS, Ok YS, Kim SH, Kang SW, Choi IW, Heo JS, DeLaune RD, Seo DC. Competitive adsorption and selectivity sequence of heavy metals by chicken bone-derived biochar: Batch and column experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:1194-1204. [PMID: 26191994 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1047680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate adsorption of heavy metals in single- and ternary-metal forms onto chicken bone biochar (CBB). Competitive sorption of heavy metals by CBB has never been reported previously. The maximum adsorption capacities of metals by CBB were in the order of Cu (130 mg g(-1)) > Cd (109 mg g(-1)) > Zn (93 mg g(-1)) in the single-metal adsorption isotherm and Cu (108 mg g(-1)) >> Cd (54 mg g(-1)) ≥ Zn (44 mg g(-1)) in the ternary-metal adsorption isotherm. Cu was the most retained cation, whereas Zn could be easily exchanged and substituted by Cu. Batch experimental data best fit the Langmuir model rather than the Freundlich isotherms. In the column experiments, the total adsorbed amounts of the metals were in the following order of Cu (210 mg g(-1)) > Cd (192 mg g(-1)) > Zn (178) in single-metal conditions, and Cu (156) > Cd (123) > Zn (92) in ternary-metal conditions. Results from both the batch and column experiments indicate that competitive adsorption among metals increases the mobility of these metals. Especially, Zn in single-metal conditions lost it adsorption capacity most significantly. Based on the 3D simulation graphs of heavy metals, adsorption patterns under single adsorption condition were different than under competitive adsorption condition. Results from both the batch and column experiments show that competitive adsorption among metals increases the mobility of these metals. The maximum metal adsorption capacity of the metals in the column experiments was higher than that in the batch experiment indicating other metal retention mechanisms rather than adsorption may be involved. Therefore, both column and batch experiments are needed for estimating retention capacities and removal efficiencies of metals in CBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Park
- a Divison of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , South Korea
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16
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Asselin S, Ingram JC. Uranium Leaching from Contaminated Soil Utilizing Rhamnolipid, EDTA, and Citric Acid. APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOIL SCIENCE 2014; 2014:462514. [PMID: 29176990 PMCID: PMC5699500 DOI: 10.1155/2014/462514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants have recently gained attention as "green" agents that can be used to enhance the remediation of heavy metals and some organic matter in contaminated soils. The overall objective of this paper was to investigate rhamnolipid, a microbial produced biosurfactant, and its ability to leach uranium present in contaminated soil from an abandoned mine site. Soil samples were collected from two locations in northern Arizona: Cameron (site of open pit mining) and Leupp (control-no mining). The approach taken was to first determine the total uranium content in each soil using a hydrofluoric acid digestion, then comparing the amount of metal removed by rhamnolipid to other chelating agents EDTA and citric acid, and finally determining the amount of soluble metal in the soil matrix using a sequential extraction. Results suggested a complex system for metal removal from soil utilizing rhamnolipid. It was determined that rhamnolipid at a concentration of 150 μM was as effective as EDTA but not as effective as citric acid for the removal of soluble uranium. However, the rhamnolipid was only slightly better at removing uranium from the mining soil compared to a purified water control. Overall, this study demonstrated that rhamnolipid ability to remove uranium from contaminated soil is comparable to EDTA and to a lesser extent citric acid, but, for the soils investigated, it is not significantly better than a simple water wash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Asselin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Deerpoint Group, Inc., Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Jani C. Ingram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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17
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Gázquez MJ, Bolívar JP, Garcia-Tenorio R, Vaca F. A Review of the Production Cycle of Titanium Dioxide Pigment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/msa.2014.57048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Scheckel KG, Diamond GL, Burgess MF, Klotzbach JM, Maddaloni M, Miller BW, Partridge CR, Serda SM. Amending soils with phosphate as means to mitigate soil lead hazard: a critical review of the state of the science. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2013; 16:337-80. [PMID: 24151967 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.825216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ingested soil and surface dust may be important contributors to elevated blood lead (Pb) levels in children exposed to Pb contaminated environments. Mitigation strategies have typically focused on excavation and removal of the contaminated soil. However, this is not always feasible for addressing widely disseminated contamination in populated areas often encountered in urban environments. The rationale for amending soils with phosphate is that phosphate will promote formation of highly insoluble Pb species (e.g., pyromorphite minerals) in soil, which will remain insoluble after ingestion and, therefore, inaccessible to absorption mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Amending soil with phosphate might potentially be used in combination with other methods that reduce contact with or migration of contaminated soils, such as covering the soil with a green cap such as sod, clean soil with mulch, raised garden beds, or gravel. These remediation strategies may be less expensive and far less disruptive than excavation and removal of soil. This review evaluates evidence for efficacy of phosphate amendments for decreasing soil Pb bioavailability. Evidence is reviewed for (1) physical and chemical interactions of Pb and phosphate that would be expected to influence bioavailability, (2) effects of phosphate amendments on soil Pb bioaccessibility (i.e., predicted solubility of Pb in the GIT), and (3) results of bioavailability bioassays of amended soils conducted in humans and animal models. Practical implementation issues, such as criteria and methods for evaluating efficacy, and potential effects of phosphate on mobility and bioavailability of co-contaminants in soil are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk G Scheckel
- a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
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19
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Smičiklas ID, Sljivić-Ivanović MZ. Evaluation of factors influencing Co²⁺ removal by calcinated bone sorbent using experimental design methodology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:896-908. [PMID: 22423997 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.665006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Experimental design methodology was applied for evaluation of factors influencing Co(2+) sorption by thermally treated bovine bones. The major aim of this study was to determine factors which affect process the most, as well as their mutual interactions, in order to select conditions that provide maximum sorbent loading. Five process variables (sorbent mass, sorbate concentration, contact time, initial pH and agitation speed) were examined by full factorial design at two levels. The initial sorbate concentration and sorbent mass were found to be a principle factors influencing cation sorption. Furthermore, a considerable interaction effect between these two factors was detected. Optimal conditions for the maximum sorbent loading include the use of small sorbent doses and concentrated Co(2+) solution, without any previous pH adjustment, at least if the pH of actual waste water is within tested range (3 < pH < 6). The contact time and agitation speed, which within investigated ranges had no significant effect on sorption, may be set at their minimum levels (1 h; 10 rpm) to shorten the reaction time and reduce energy consumption. The influence of process factors on other system responses (amounts of Ca(2+) released from apatite phase of bones, and final pH values) were also determined and analyzed. Empirical mathematical models illustrated the dependences of responses on the process variables, whereas residual and statistical analysis confirmed model adequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana D Smičiklas
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
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20
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Zia MH, Codling EE, Scheckel KG, Chaney RL. In vitro and in vivo approaches for the measurement of oral bioavailability of lead (Pb) in contaminated soils: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:2320-7. [PMID: 21616569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed the published evidence of lead (Pb) contamination of urban soils, soil Pb risk to children through hand-to-mouth activity, reduction of soil Pb bioavailability due to soil amendments, and methods to assess bioaccessibility which correlate with bioavailability of soil Pb. Feeding tests have shown that urban soils may have much lower Pb bioavailability than previously assumed. Hence bioavailability of soil Pb is the important measure for protection of public health, not total soil Pb. Chemical extraction tests (Pb bioaccessibility) have been developed which are well correlated with the results of bioavailability tests; application of these tests can save money and time compared with feeding tests. Recent findings have revealed that fractional bioaccessibility (bioaccessible compared to total) of Pb in urban soils is only 5-10% of total soil Pb, far lower than the 60% as bioavailable as food-Pb presumed by U.S.-EPA (30% absolute bioavailability used in IEUBK model).
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Hussain Zia
- Technical Services Department, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited, Lahore, Pakistan.
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21
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Zhao S, Lian F, Duo L. EDTA-assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals by turfgrass from municipal solid waste compost using permeable barriers and associated potential leaching risk. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:621-626. [PMID: 20797852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A column experiment with horizontal permeable barriers was conducted to investigate phytoextraction of heavy metals by Lolium perenne L. from municipal solid waste compost following EDTA application, as well as to study the effects of L. perenne and permeable barriers on preventing metal from leaching. In columns with barriers, EDTA addition yielded maximum concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb of 155, 541 and 33.5 mg kg(-1) in shoot, respectively. This led to 4.2, 2.1 and 7.4 times higher concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb compared to treatment with no chelating agent, respectively. In treatments with 10 mmol kg(-1) EDTA, the barriers reduced leaching of Cu, Zn and Pb by approximately three times, respectively, resulting in leaching of total initial Cu, Zn and Pb by 27.3%, 25.2% and 28.8%, respectively, after four times' irrigation. These results indicate that L. perenne and permeable barriers are effective to reduce leaching of heavy metals and minimize the risk of contaminating groundwater in EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation. Thus these findings highlight that turfgrass and permeable barriers can effectively prevent metal leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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22
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Castro W, Hoogewerff J, Latkoczy C, Almirall JR. Application of laser ablation (LA-ICP-SF-MS) for the elemental analysis of bone and teeth samples for discrimination purposes. Forensic Sci Int 2010; 195:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Dybowska A, Manning DAC, Collins MJ, Wess T, Woodgate S, Valsami-Jones E. An evaluation of the reactivity of synthetic and natural apatites in the presence of aqueous metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:2953-2965. [PMID: 19187953 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal removal from contaminated effluents was examined following reaction with natural apatites of biological and geological origin or a synthetic hydroxylapatite (HAP). Mammalian meat and bone meal (MBM), a by-product from meat industry, was the biological apatite source. The effect of incineration on metal removal capacity of MBM and HAP was also examined. The reactivity of apatites for all tested metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) followed the general order: synthetic > biological > mineral. For all apatites tested, Pb was removed best and preferentially from multi-metal solutions. MBM and HAP (0.5 g solid) removed Pb completely from both highly concentrated single metal solutions (50 ml, 1000 mg/L Pb) and from multi-metal solutions (50 ml) with 100 mg/L each of Cd, Cu and Zn in addition to Pb. The incineration of MBM (725 degrees C and 850 degrees C) reduced significantly its capacity for removal of Zn (by 47%, from 56 mg/g to 9 mg/g) and Cd (by 38%, from 53 mg/g to 13 mg/g) in particular and to a lesser extent for Cu (by 14%, from 61 mg/g to 46 mg/g) while the removal of Pb was not affected (100 mg/g). The same pattern was observed for incinerated HAP. SEM and XRD analysis indicated that HAP reacted with the metals by precipitation of pure metal phosphates--Pb hydroxylapatite, Zn phosphate (hopeite), a Cd phosphate (identified only by ED-SEM) and Cu phosphate (libenthenite).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dybowska
- Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, SW75BD London, UK.
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24
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Miretzky P, Fernandez A. Phosphates for Pb Immobilization in Soils: A Review. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9654-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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25
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Thornton I, Farago ME, Thums CR, Parrish RR, McGill RAR, Breward N, Fortey NJ, Simpson P, Young SD, Tye AM, Crout NMJ, Hough RL, Watt J. Urban geochemistry: research strategies to assist risk assessment and remediation of brownfield sites in urban areas. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2008; 30:565-576. [PMID: 18584292 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-008-9182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Urban geochemical maps of Wolverhampton and Nottingham, based on multielement analysis of surface soils, have shown distribution patterns of "total" metals concentrations relating to past and present industrial and domestic land use and transport systems. Several methods have been used to estimate the solubility and potential bioavailability of metals, their mineral forms and potential risks to urban population groups. These include sequential chemical extraction, soil pore water extraction and analysis, mineralogical analysis by scanning electron microscopy, source apportionment by lead isotope analysis and the development of models to predict metal uptake by homegrown vegetables to provide an estimate of risk from metal consumption and exposure. The results from these research strategies have been integrated with a geographical information system (GIS) to provide data for future land-use planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thornton
- Imperial College and Imperial College Consultants, London SW7 2PG, UK.
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26
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Mouchet F, Cren S, Deydier E, Guilet R, Gauthier L. Preliminary study of Lead (Pb) immobilization by meat and bone meal combustion residues (MBMCR) in soil: assessment of Pb toxicity (phytotoxicity and genotoxicity) using the tobacco model (Nicotiana tabacum var. xanthi Dulieu). Biometals 2008; 21:443-58. [PMID: 18253838 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-008-9133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a major chemical pollutant in the environment. The present investigation evaluates the possible use of Meat and Bone Meal Combustion Residues (MBMCR), to sequester Pb from the soil compartment using the heterozygous tobacco model (Nicotiana tabacum var. xanthi Dulieu) characterized by the a1+ /a1 a2+ /a2 system. The toxic potential of Pb-contaminations (50, 100, 1,000, 2,000 and 10,000 mg Pb kg(-1)) as Pb(NO3) in standard soil was investigated in lab conditions according to three endpoints: (i) acute toxicity of plants (mortality, height and surface area parameters), (ii) Pb-accumulation in roots, stems and leaves, and (iii) genetic effects as the expression of reversion in the leaf of plants. Moreover, chemical investigations of Pb interactions with soil were realized to complete the toxicity evaluation. The results demonstrated that: (i) MBMCR were not acutely toxic or genotoxic to tobacco plants, (ii) Pb is acutely toxic to tobacco plants at 10,000 mg Pb kg(-1) of soil, (ii) but is not genotoxic, and (iii) Pb-bioaccumulation is significant in leaves, stems and roots (from 1,000, 2,000, and 50 mg Pb kg(-1) of soil, respectively). In contrast, in the presence of MBMCR, the toxic impacts of Pb were inhibited and Pb-accumulation in tobacco plants was reduced. In complement, chemical analyses highlighted the high capacity of the standard soil to immobilize Pb. The results suggest that even if Pb is bioavailable from soils to plants, complex mechanisms could occur in plants protecting them from the toxic impact of Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mouchet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle Ecolab, UMR CNRS 5245, Université Paul Sabatier UPS, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Campus INP-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326,Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
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27
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Tõnsuaadu K, Viipsi K, Trikkel A. EDTA impact on Cd2+ migration in apatite-water system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 154:491-497. [PMID: 18054159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The impact factors on Cd sorption and desorption in aqueous solution on apatite were studied. Batch experiments were carried out using synthetic hydroxyapatite with Ca/P 1.44, 1.66 and 1.94 in Cd(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2-EDTA equimolar complex solutions in the pH range from 4 to 7. It was established that Cd sorption on apatite depends not only on apatite specific surface area but also on Ca/P mole ratio in apatite as well as on the presence of chelating compounds. Presence of EDTA in the solution decreases the amount of Cd bound. [CdEDTA]2- prevents chemical sorption of Cd2+ ions on apatite. EDTA considerably decreases the sorption capacity of apatite with Ca excess. Impact of EDTA is smaller for the stoichiometric apatite and for the apatite with calcium deficiency. Cd bound due to adsorption is more easily removed from apatite. Ca2+ ions increase and presence of EDTA in a solution cause total Cd desorption from apatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Tõnsuaadu
- Tallinn University of Technology, Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia.
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28
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Deydier E, Guilet R, Cren S, Pereas V, Mouchet F, Gauthier L. Evaluation of meat and bone meal combustion residue as lead immobilizing material for in situ remediation of polluted aqueous solutions and soils: "chemical and ecotoxicological studies". JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 146:227-36. [PMID: 17240054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As a result of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis, meat and bone meal (MBM) production can no longer be used to feed cattle and must be safely disposed of or transformed. MBM specific incineration remains an alternative that could offer the opportunity to achieve both thermal valorization and solid waste recovery as ashes are calcium phosphate-rich material. The aim of this work is to evaluate ashes efficiency for in situ remediation of lead-contaminated aqueous solutions and soils, and to assess the bioavailability of lead using two biological models, amphibian Xenopus laevis larvae and Nicotiana tabaccum tobacco plant. With the amphibian model, no toxic or genotoxic effects of ashes are observed with concentrations from 0.1 to 5 g of ashes/L. If toxic and genotoxic effects of lead appear at concentration higher than 1 mg Pb/L (1 ppm), addition of only 100 mg of ashes/L neutralizes lead toxicity even with lead concentration up to 10 ppm. Chemical investigations (kinetics and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis) reveals that lead is quickly immobilized as pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2] and lead carbonate dihydrate [PbCO(3).2H2O]. Tobacco experiments are realized on contaminated soils with 50, 100, 2000 and 10000 ppm of lead with and without ashes amendment (35.3g ashes/kg of soil). Tobacco measurements show that plant elongation is bigger in an ashes-amended soil contaminated with 10000 ppm of lead than on the reference soil alone. Tobacco model points out that ashes present two beneficial actions as they do not only neutralize lead toxicity but also act as a fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Deydier
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Santé - LCIS (LU06), IUT, Avenue G. Pompidou, BP 258, 81104 Castres, France.
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29
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Chrysochoou M, Dermatas D, Grubb DG. Phosphate application to firing range soils for Pb immobilization: the unclear role of phosphate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 144:1-14. [PMID: 17360110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate treatment has emerged as a widely accepted approach to immobilize Pb in contaminated soils and waste media, relying on the formation of the highly insoluble mineral pyromorphite as solubility-controlling phase for Pb. As such, phosphate treatment has been proposed as a Best Management Practice (BMP) for firing ranges where Pb occurs in its metallic forms and several other phases (carbonates, oxides). While pyromorphite thermodynamically has the potential to control Pb solubility at low levels, its formation is kinetically controlled by pH, the solubility of the phosphate source, and the solubility of Pb species. Treatability studies have shown that excess quantities of soluble and acidic phosphate sources, such as phosphoric acid, are necessary for successful in situ treatment. Even under these conditions, Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), the only reliable method to identify and quantify Pb speciation, showed that Pb conversion to pyromorphite in in situ treated soils was less than 45% after 32 months. Furthermore, the use of lime (CaO) to restore soil pH in acidified soil treatments inhibited further conversion. Additionally, phosphate treatment is known to reduce bioavailability through pyromorphite formation in the intestinal tract, and the phytoaccumulation of Pb; both desirable effects for Pb-impacted areas. Given the costs of phosphate treatment, the use of biogenic phosphate sources, such as bone meal, may be a more environmentally sustainable approach toward this end. In the many studies focusing on phosphate treatment, the attendant P leaching and eutrophication have been largely overlooked, along with other issues such as the enhanced leaching of oxyanionic contaminants, such as Se, As and W. The success and sustainability of applying phosphate as a BMP in firing range soils therefore remain questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chrysochoou
- W.M. Keck Geoenvironmental Laboratory, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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30
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Luo CL, Shen ZG, Li XD. Plant uptake and the leaching of metals during the hot EDDS-enhanced phytoextraction process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2007; 9:181-196. [PMID: 18246767 DOI: 10.1080/15226510701375986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using pot experiments, the effect of the application of the biodegradable chelating agent S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) in hot solutions at 90 degrees C on the uptake of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd by corn (Zea mays L. cv. Nongda No. 108) and beans (P vulgaris L. white bean), and the potential leaching of metals from soil, were studied. When EDDS was applied as a hot solution at the rate of 1 mmol kg(-1), the concentrations and total phytoextraction of metals in plant shoots exceeded or approximated those in the shoots of plants treated with normal EDDS at the rate of 5 mmol kg(-1). On the other hand, the leaching of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd after the application of the hot EDDS solution at the rate of 1 mmol kg(-1) was reduced by 46%, 21%, 57%, and 35% in comparison with that from the application of normal EDDS at 5 mmol kg(-1), respectively. For treatment with 1 mmol kg(-1) of EDDS, the leached metals decreased to the levels of the control group (that without EDDS amendment) 14 d after the application of EDDS. The soil amendment with biodegradable EDDS in hot solutions may provide a good alternative to chelate-enhanced phytoextraction in enhancing metal uptake by plants and limiting metals from leaching out of the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Luo
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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31
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Sneddon IR, Orueetxebarria M, Hodson ME, Schofield PF, Valsami-Jones E. Use of bone meal amendments to immobilise Pb, Zn and Cd in soil: A leaching column study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 144:816-25. [PMID: 16584820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to test the stabilisation of metals in contaminated soils via the formation of low-solubility metal phosphates. Bone apatite, in the form of commercially available bone meal, was tested as a phosphate source on a mine waste contaminated made-ground with high levels of Pb, Zn and Cd. Triplicate leaching columns were set up at bone meal to soil ratios of 1:25 and 1:10, in addition to unamended controls, and were run for 18 months. The columns were irrigated daily with a synthetic rain solution at pH of 2, 3, and 4.4. After 100 days, the leachate Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations of all amended columns were significantly reduced. For 1:10 treatments, release of these metals was suppressed throughout the trial. For 1:25 treatments, Zn and Cd concentrations in the leachates began to increase after 300 days. DTPA and water extractions showed that Pb and Cd were more strongly held in the amended soils. This study concludes that the complexity of soil processes and the small quantities of metals sequestered precluded determination of a metal immobilisation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Sneddon
- Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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32
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Dybowska A, Farago M, Valsami-Jones E, Thornton I. Remediation strategies for historical mining and smelting sites. Sci Prog 2006; 89:71-138. [PMID: 17240694 PMCID: PMC10361168 DOI: 10.3184/003685006783238344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The environmental, social and economic problems associated with abandoned mine sites are serious and global. Environmental damage arising from polluted waters and dispersal of contaminated waste is a feature characteristic of many old mines in North America, Australia, Europe and elsewhere. Today, because of the efficiency of mining operations and legal requirements in many countries for prevention of environmental damage from mining operations, the release of metals to the environment from modern mining is low. However, many mineralized areas that were extensively worked in the 18th and 19th centuries and left abandoned after mining had ceased, have left a legacy of metal contaminated land. Unlike organic chemicals and plastics, metals cannot be degraded chemically or biologically into non-toxic and environmentally neutral constituents. Thus sites contaminated with toxic metals present a particular challenge for remediation. Soil remediation has been the subject of a significant amount of research work in the past decade; this has resulted in a number of remediation options currently available or being developed. Remediation strategies for metal/metalloid contaminated historical mining sites are reviewed and summarized in this article. It focuses on the current applications of in situ remediation with the use of soil amendments (adsorption and precipitation based methods are discussed) and phytoremediation (in situ plant based technology for environmental clean up and restoration). These are promising alternative technologies to traditional options of excavation and ex situ treatment, offering an advantage of being non-invasive and low cost. In particular, they have been shown to be effective in remediation of mining and smelting contaminated sites, although the long-term durability of these treatments cannot be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dybowska
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2BP, UK
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33
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Impellitteri CA. Effects of pH and phosphate on metal distribution with emphasis on As speciation and mobilization in soils from a lead smelting site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2005; 345:175-90. [PMID: 15919538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic in soils from the Asarco lead smelter in East Helena, Montana was characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Arsenic oxidation state and geochemical speciation were analyzed as a function of depth (two sampling sites) and surface distribution. These results were compared with intensive desorption/dissolution experiments performed in a pH stat reactor for samples from the site with the highest degree of As heterogeneity. The objectives of the study were to investigate the solid-phase geochemical As speciation, assess the speciation of As in solutions equilibrated with the solids under controlled pH (pH=4 or 6) and Eh (using hydrogen or air) environments, observe the effects of phosphate on the release of As into solution, and examine the effects of phosphate on metal mobility in the systems. Arsenic was predominantly found in the As(V) valence state, though there was evidence that As(III) and As(0) were present also. The dominant geochemical phase was scorodite (FeAsO4.2H2O). The pH was controlled in the pH stat experiments by the addition of equinormal solutions of monoprotic (HNO3), diprotic (H2SO4), or triprotic (H3PO4) acids. For many of the divalent metal cations, solution concentrations greatly decreased in the presence of phosphate. Solutions were also analyzed for anions. Evidence exists for sulfate release into solution. More As was released into solution at lower pH. A slight increase in solution arsenate occurs with the addition of phosphate, but the risk posed from the increased desorption/dissolution of As must be weighed against the decrease in solution concentrations of many metals especially Pb. If tailings from this site underwent acidification (e.g., acid mine drainage), in situ sequestration of metals by phosphate could be combined with placement of subsurface permeable reactive barriers for capture of As to reduce the risk associated with arsenic and trace metal mobilization. Results from this study could be used in risk management plans for sites similar to the Pb smelter site examined here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Impellitteri
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
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Stack AG, Erni R, Browning ND, Casey WH. Pyromorphite growth on lead-sulfide surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2004; 38:5529-5534. [PMID: 15575268 DOI: 10.1021/es049487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (EC-STM) and electron microscopies have been used to follow the nucleation and growth of approximately 10-15 nm pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl,OH) particles on a galena (PbS) substrate under oxidative conditions. The particle sizes and crystal morphologies are found to be strongly affected by solution and oxidation potential, and in the earliest stages the particles are generally sufficiently small to be mobilized in a soil. It is clear that the particles grow epitaxially under these conditions, based on observations of the particles' adherence to the surface during imaging, their preferred crystallographic orientation, their growth along surface features on the galena, and commensurate atomic structures. Through cyclic voltammetry, we show that the presence of phosphate also partially passivates the surface of the galena to oxidation. We propose two possibilities for the mechanism of passivation, one is that pyromorphite nucleation inhibits the retreat of steps, and the second is that adsorbed phosphate stabilizes a lead-terminated surface structure by coordinating lead and slowing its dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Stack
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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35
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Chen Y, Li X, Shen Z. Leaching and uptake of heavy metals by ten different species of plants during an EDTA-assisted phytoextraction process. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 57:187-196. [PMID: 15312735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In a pot experiment, the potential use of 10 plant species, including six dicotyledon species and four monocotyledon species, was investigated for the EDTA-enhanced phytoextraction of Pb from contaminated soil. Mung bean and buckwheat had a higher sensitivity to the EDTA treatment in soils. In the 2.5 and 5.0 mmol kg(-1) EDTA treatments, the Pb concentrations in the shoots of the six dicotyledon species ranged from 1,000 to 3,000 mg kg(-1) of dry matter, which were higher than those of the monocotyledon species. The highest amount of phytoextracted Pb (2.9 mg Pb pot(-1)) was achieved in sunflowers, due to the high concentration of Pb in their shoots and large biomass, followed by corns (1.8 mg Pb pot(-1)) and peas (1.1 mg Pb pot(-1)). The leaching behavior of heavy metals as a result of applying EDTA to the surface of the soil was also investigated using short soil-leaching columns (9.0-cm diameter, 20-cm height) by the percolation of artificial rainfall. About 3.5%, 15.8%, 13.7% and 20.6% of soil Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd, respectively, were leached from the soil columns after the application of 5.0 mmol kg(-1) of EDTA. The growth of sunflowers in the soil columns had little effect on the amount of metals that were leached out. This was probably due to the shallowness of the layer of soil, the short time-span of the uptake of metals by the plant and the plant's simple root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Chen
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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36
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Hodson ME. Heavy metals--geochemical bogey men? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2004; 129:341-343. [PMID: 15016455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals is a loose term usually used to indicate environmentally "bad" metals. It is poorly defined with a multitude of often contradictory definitions based on density, atomic weight, atomic number or other properties of the elements or their compounds. Alternative, scientifically rigorous definitions exist for subgroups of metals and should be used instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Hodson
- Department of Soil Science, School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DW, UK.
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37
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Eighmy TT, Dykstra Eusden J. Phosphate stabilization of municipal solid waste combustion residues: geochemical principles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.236.01.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe use of orthophosphate (PO43−) as a chemical stabilization agent for municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion residues is widespread in Japan and North America. The application of this technology to MSW ashes generally parallels its use with other metal contaminated wastes (e.g., soils, sediments, smelter dusts, slags, wire chopping wastes, mine tailings), especially Pb-contaminated soils. The technology relies on the fact that PO43− forms very insoluble and stable minerals for a variety of divalent metal cations (e.g., Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn). Extensive data from phosphate-treated contaminated soil systems suggest that stabilization involves surface immobilization reactions involving sorption, heterogeneous nucleation and surface precipitation, and/or solution phase precipitation involving homogeneous nucleation and precipitation. A geochemical basis for use of PO3−4in ash systems is presented with a focus on the wide theoretical pH distribution, pH-pE predominance and redox stability of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn phosphates within complex bottom ash pore water systems. Stabilization mechanisms in bottom ashes, scrubber residues, and vitrification dusts are similar to those observed in soil systems. Some longer term leaching behaviour of phosphate-stabilized ashes are presented. The roles of Ostwald ripening, solid solutions (e.g., (Pb,Ca)5(PO4)3OH), and kinetically controlled reaction pathways probably are more important than what is presently envisioned in phosphate-stabilized ash systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Taylor Eighmy
- Environmental Research Group, Civil Engineering Department, University of New Hampshire Durham, NH, USA
| | - J. Dykstra Eusden
- Geology Department, Carnegie Science Center, Bates College Lewiston, ME, USA
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38
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Hage JLT, Mulder E. Preliminary assessment of three new European leaching tests. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2004; 24:165-172. [PMID: 14761755 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-053x(03)00129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaching tests are used for characterization purposes and are indispensable for characterization of waste- and building materials. In several countries the use of leaching tests is settled by legislation. Since Europe is becoming a more united community, legislation becomes more and more harmonized as a logical next step in a more European approach towards environmental issues. In this study a comparison is made between three leaching tests, which are being developed in CEN technical committee 292. The percolation test is basically a column filled with granulated material, which is percolated with simulated rainwater for 3 weeks. The amount of water corresponds to 10 times the amount of solid; the eluate is sampled in several fractions. The second test is the pH-stat test in which pulverized material is leached for 24 h at eight different pH-values with the same liquid/solid ratio of 10. The third test reported is the shake test, in which the maximum leachable amount is being investigated at the materials own pH-value. For this purpose pulverized material was used and the total amount, of water had again the same liquid/solid ratio of 10. A comparison was made in exchangeability of produced data. The results of the leaching experiments were comparable within limits of +20 to -43%. Other matters such as running time, information generated about leaching behavior and cost are also discussed. The pH-stat test gives the most information, but is expensive. The percolation test generates detailed information, whereas the shake test is a relatively inexpensive alternative for the percolation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L T Hage
- TNO Environment, Energy and Process Innovation, Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 342, 7300 AH Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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39
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Deydier E, Guilet R, Sharrock P. Beneficial use of meat and bone meal combustion residue: "an efficient low cost material to remove lead from aqueous effluent". JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2003; 101:55-64. [PMID: 12850320 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(03)00137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Meat and bone meal (MBM) combustion residues, a natural apatite-rich substance, was evaluated as a low cost substitute for hydroxyapatite in lead sequestration from water effluents. The thermal behaviour of crude meat and bone meal was followed by TGA and 24% inorganic residue was collected. The resulting ashes were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution, specific surface area (BET), and elemental analysis confirming apatite contents, with high level of phosphate (56.3%) and calcium (36.8%). Mechanism and kinetics of lead removal by this bioinorganic material were investigated and compared to mechanisms and kinetics involved with synthetic apatite. Batch metal removal experiments were carried out with 500 and 1500ppm (mg/kg) Pb(2+) solutions. Lead concentration, calcium and pH were monitored. We observed that the mechanism is similar to that occurring for pure apatite, and involved both surface complexation and calcium hydroyapatite (CaHA), Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2), dissolution followed by less soluble Pb(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2) precipitation, as confirmed by XRD analysis of ashes after incubation with lead solution. Our results show that this natural apatite-rich material removes in a few minutes a large quantity of lead (275mg/g capacity) which remains however lower than the theoretical maximum capacity (if calcium were totally substituted by lead). Meat and bone meal combustion residues represent a valuable alternative apatite source for environmental application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Deydier
- L.C.B.M., Equipe de recherche de Castres, Université Paul Sabatier, IUT A, Avenue Georges Pompidou, 81100, Castres, France.
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