1
|
Luo Q, Raulston EG, Prado MA, Wu X, Gritsman K, Whalen KS, Yan K, Booth CAG, Xu R, van Galen P, Doench JG, Shimony S, Long HW, Neuberg DS, Paulo JA, Lane AA. Targetable leukaemia dependency on noncanonical PI3Kγ signalling. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07410-3. [PMID: 38720074 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ) is implicated as a target to repolarize tumour-associated macrophages and promote antitumour immune responses in solid cancers1-4. However, cancer cell-intrinsic roles of PI3Kγ are unclear. Here, by integrating unbiased genome-wide CRISPR interference screening with functional analyses across acute leukaemias, we define a selective dependency on the PI3Kγ complex in a high-risk subset that includes myeloid, lymphoid and dendritic lineages. This dependency is characterized by innate inflammatory signalling and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 (PIK3R5), which encodes a regulatory subunit of PI3Kγ5 and stabilizes the active enzymatic complex. We identify p21 (RAC1)-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) as a noncanonical substrate of PI3Kγ that mediates this cell-intrinsic dependency and find that dephosphorylation of PAK1 by PI3Kγ inhibition impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Treatment with the selective PI3Kγ inhibitor eganelisib is effective in leukaemias with activated PIK3R5. In addition, the combination of eganelisib and cytarabine prolongs survival over either agent alone, even in patient-derived leukaemia xenografts with low baseline PIK3R5 expression, as residual leukaemia cells after cytarabine treatment have elevated G protein-coupled purinergic receptor activity and PAK1 phosphorylation. Together, our study reveals a targetable dependency on PI3Kγ-PAK1 signalling that is amenable to near-term evaluation in patients with acute leukaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evangeline G Raulston
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kira Gritsman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Karley S Whalen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kezhi Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A G Booth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter van Galen
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shai Shimony
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Hematology, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Lane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Korbecki J, Kupnicka P, Barczak K, Bosiacki M, Ziętek P, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Role of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 Ligands in Molecular Cancer Processes and Clinical Aspects of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4555. [PMID: 37760523 PMCID: PMC10526350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of leukemia known for its unfavorable prognoses, prompting research efforts to discover new therapeutic targets. One area of investigation involves examining extracellular factors, particularly CXC chemokines. While CXCL12 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 have been extensively studied, research on other CXC chemokine axes in AML is less developed. This study aims to bridge that gap by providing an overview of the significance of CXC chemokines other than CXCL12 (CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 ligands and CXCL14 and CXCL17) in AML's oncogenic processes. We explore the roles of all CXC chemokines other than CXCL12, in particular CXCL1 (Gro-α), CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL10 (IP-10), and CXCL11 (I-TAC) in AML tumor processes, including their impact on AML cell proliferation, bone marrow angiogenesis, interaction with non-leukemic cells like MSCs and osteoblasts, and their clinical relevance. We delve into how they influence prognosis, association with extramedullary AML, induction of chemoresistance, effects on bone marrow microvessel density, and their connection to French-American-British (FAB) classification and FLT3 gene mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Paweł Ziętek
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Orthopaedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Inflammatory response mediates cross-talk with immune function and reveals clinical features in acute myeloid leukemia. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231186. [PMID: 35441668 PMCID: PMC9093697 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated genetic mutations are an important cause for the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but abnormal changes in the inflammatory microenvironment also have regulatory effects on AML. Exploring the relationship between inflammatory response and pathological features of AML has implications for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation. We analyzed the expression variation landscape of inflammatory response-related genes (IRRGs) and calculated an inflammatory response score for each sample using the gene set variation analysis (GSVA) algorithm. The differences in clinical- and immune-related characteristics between high- and low-inflammatory response groups were further analyzed. We found that most IRRGs were highly expressed in AML samples, and patients with high inflammatory response had poor prognosis and were accompanied with highly activated chemokine-, cytokine- and adhesion molecule-related signaling pathways, higher infiltration ratios of monocytes, neutrophils and M2 macrophages, high activity of type I/II interferon (IFN) response, and higher expression of immune checkpoints. We also used the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database to predict the sensitivity of AML samples with different inflammatory responses to common drugs, and found that AML samples with low inflammatory response were more sensitive to cytarabine, doxorubicin and midostaurin. SubMap algorithm also demonstrated that high-inflammatory response patients are more suitable for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Finally, we constructed a prognostic risk score model to predict the overall survival (OS) of AML patients. Patients with higher risk score had significantly shorter OS, which was confirmed in two validation cohorts. The analysis of inflammatory response patterns can help us better understand the differences in tumor microenvironment (TME) of AML patients, and guide clinical medication and prognosis prediction.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fei L, Ren X, Yu H, Zhan Y. Targeting the CCL2/CCR2 Axis in Cancer Immunotherapy: One Stone, Three Birds? Front Immunol 2021; 12:771210. [PMID: 34804061 PMCID: PMC8596464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.771210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR2 is predominantly expressed by monocytes/macrophages with strong proinflammatory functions, prompting the development of CCR2 antagonists to dampen unwanted immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, CCR2-expressing monocytes/macrophages, particularly in tumor microenvironments, can be strongly immunosuppressive. Thus, targeting the recruitment of immunosuppressive monocytes/macrophages to tumors by CCR2 antagonism has recently been investigated as a strategy to modify the tumor microenvironment and enhance anti-tumor immunity. We present here that beneficial effects of CCR2 antagonism in the tumor setting extend beyond blocking chemotaxis of suppressive myeloid cells. Signaling within the CCL2/CCR2 axis shows underappreciated effects on myeloid cell survival and function polarization. Apart from myeloid cells, T cells are also known to express CCR2. Nevertheless, tissue homing of Treg cells among T cell populations is preferentially affected by CCR2 deficiency. Further, CCR2 signaling also directly enhances Treg functional potency. Thus, although Tregs are not the sole type of T cells expressing CCR2, the net outcome of CCR2 antagonism in T cells favors the anti-tumor arm of immune responses. Finally, the CCL2/CCR2 axis directly contributes to survival/growth and invasion/metastasis of many types of tumors bearing CCR2. Together, CCR2 links to two main types of suppressive immune cells by multiple mechanisms. Such a CCR2-assoicated immunosuppressive network is further entangled with paracrine and autocrine CCR2 signaling of tumor cells. Strategies to target CCL2/CCR2 axis as cancer therapy in the view of three types of CCR2-expessing cells in tumor microenvironment are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Fei
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Ren
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bharucha JP, Sun L, Lu W, Gartner S, Garzino-Demo A. Human Beta-Defensin 2 and 3 Inhibit HIV-1 Replication in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:535352. [PMID: 34277460 PMCID: PMC8281893 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.535352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides, secreted by epithelial cells of the skin and mucosae, and astrocytes, which we and others have shown to inhibit HIV-1 in primary CD4+ T cells. Although loss of CD4+ T cells contributes to mucosal immune dysfunction, macrophages are a major source of persistence and spread of HIV and also contribute to the development of various HIV-associated complications. We hypothesized that, besides T cells, hBDs could protect macrophages from HIV. Our data in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in vitro show that hBD2 and hBD3 inhibit HIV replication in a dose-dependent manner. We determined that hBD2 neither alters surface expression of HIV receptors nor induces expression of anti-HIV cytokines or beta-chemokines in MDM. Studies using a G-protein signaling antagonist in a single-cycle reporter virus system showed that hBD2 suppresses HIV at an early post-entry stage via G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signaling. We find that MDM express the shared chemokine-hBD receptors CCR2 and CCR6, albeit at variable levels among donors. However, cell surface expression analyses show that neither of these receptors is necessary for hBD2-mediated HIV inhibition, suggesting that hBD2 can signal via additional receptor(s). Our data also illustrate that hBD2 treatment was associated with increased expression of APOBEC3A and 3G antiretroviral restriction factors in MDM. These findings suggest that hBD2 inhibits HIV in MDM via more than one CCR thus adding to the potential of using β-defensins in preventive and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Bharucha
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lingling Sun
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Suzanne Gartner
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alfredo Garzino-Demo
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miari KE, Guzman ML, Wheadon H, Williams MTS. Macrophages in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: Significant Players in Therapy Resistance and Patient Outcomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692800. [PMID: 34249942 PMCID: PMC8264427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) is a commonly occurring severe haematological malignancy, with most patients exhibiting sub-optimal clinical outcomes. Therapy resistance significantly contributes towards failure of traditional and targeted treatments, disease relapse and mortality in AML patients. The mechanisms driving therapy resistance in AML are not fully understood, and approaches to overcome therapy resistance are important for curative therapies. To date, most studies have focused on therapy resistant mechanisms inherent to leukaemic cells (e.g., TP53 mutations), overlooking to some extent, acquired mechanisms of resistance through extrinsic processes. In the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), leukaemic cells interact with the surrounding bone resident cells, driving acquired therapy resistance in AML. Growing evidence suggests that macrophages, highly plastic immune cells present in the BMME, play a role in the pathophysiology of AML. Leukaemia-supporting macrophage subsets (CD163+CD206+) are elevated in preclinical in vivo models of AML and AML patients. However, the relationship between macrophages and therapy resistance in AML warrants further investigation. In this review, we correlate the potential links between macrophages, the development of therapy resistance, and patient outcomes in AML. We specifically focus on macrophage reprogramming by AML cells, macrophage-driven activation of anti-cell death pathways in AML cells, and the association between macrophage phenotypes and clinical outcomes in AML, including their potential prognostic value. Lastly, we discuss therapeutic targeting of macrophages, as a strategy to circumvent therapy resistance in AML, and discuss how emerging genomic and proteomic-based approaches can be utilised to address existing challenges in this research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina E. Miari
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Monica L. Guzman
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. S. Williams
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The CCL5/CCR5 Axis in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071765. [PMID: 32630699 PMCID: PMC7407580 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can “hijack” chemokine networks to support tumor progression. In this context, the C-C chemokine ligand 5/C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCL5/CCR5) axis is gaining increasing attention, since abnormal expression and activity of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 have been found in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Numerous preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have shown a key role of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in cancer, and thus provided the rationale for clinical trials using the repurposed drug maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist used to treat HIV/AIDS. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in cancer. First, it describes the involvement of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in cancer progression, including autocrine and paracrine tumor growth, ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling and migration, cancer stem cell expansion, DNA damage repair, metabolic reprogramming, and angiogenesis. Then, it focuses on individual hematological and solid tumors in which CCL5 and CCR5 have been studied preclinically. Finally, it discusses clinical trials of strategies to counteract the CCL5/CCR5 axis in different cancers using maraviroc or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ladikou EE, Chevassut T, Pepper CJ, Pepper AG. Dissecting the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:815-825. [PMID: 32135579 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the most common adult acute leukaemia with the lowest survival rate. It is characterised by a build-up of immature myeloid cells anchored in the protective niche of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is central to the pathogenesis of AML as it has fundamental control over AML cell adhesion into the protective BM niche, adaptation to the hypoxic environment, cellular migration and survival. High levels of CXCR4 expression are associated with poor relapse-free and overall survival. The CXCR4 ligand, CXCL12 (SDF-1), is expressed by multiple cells types in the BM, facilitating the adhesion and survival of the malignant clone. Blocking the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is an attractive therapeutic strategy providing a 'multi-hit' therapy that both prevents essential survival signals and releases the AML cells from the BM into the circulation. Once out of the protective niche of the BM they would be more susceptible to destruction by conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we disentangle the diverse roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in AML. We then describe multiple CXCR4 inhibitors, including small molecules, peptides, or monoclonal antibodies, which have been developed to date and their progress in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Finally, the review leads us to the conclusion that there is a need for further investigation into the development of a 'multi-hit' therapy that targets several signalling pathways related to AML cell adhesion and maintenance in the BM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni E Ladikou
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Timothy Chevassut
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Chris J Pepper
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Andrea Gs Pepper
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Macanas-Pirard P, Quezada T, Navarrete L, Broekhuizen R, Leisewitz A, Nervi B, Ramírez PA. The CCL2/CCR2 Axis Affects Transmigration and Proliferation but Not Resistance to Chemotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168888. [PMID: 28045930 PMCID: PMC5207636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a high mortality rate despite chemotherapy and transplantation. Both CXCR4/SDF-1 and VLA-4/VCAM1 axes are involved in leukemia protection but little is known about the role of CCL2/CCR2 in AML biology and protection against chemotherapy. We measured CCR2 expression in AML cell lines and primary AML cells by flow cytometry (FCM), real time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB). CCL2 production was quantified by solid phase ELISA in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) serum. We measured chemotaxis in a transwell system with different concentrations of CCL2/CCR2 blockers; cell cycle with BrDU and propidium iodide and proliferation with yellow tetrazolium MTT. We determined synergy in in vitro cell apoptosis combining chemotherapy and CCL2/CCR2 blockade. Finally, we performed chemoprotection studies in an in vivo mouse model. Of 35 patients, 23 (65%) expressed CCR2 by FCM in PB. Two cell lines expressed high levels of CCR2 (THP-1 and murine AML). RT-PCR and WB confirmed CCR2 production. CCL2 solid phase ELISA showed significantly lower levels of CCL2 in PB and BM compared to normal controls. Chemotaxis experiments confirmed a dose-dependent migration in AML primary cells expressing CCR2 and THP-1 cells. A significant inhibition of transmigration was seen after CCL2/CCR2 blockade. Proliferation of CCR2+ AML cell lines was slightly increased (1.4-fold) after axis stimulation. We observed a non-significant increase in phase S THP-1 cells exposed to CCL2 and a concomitant decrease of cells in G1. The chemotherapy studies did not show a protective effect of CCL2 on cytarabine-induced apoptosis or synergy with chemotherapy after CCL2/CCR2 blockade both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, CCL2/CCR2 axis is expressed in the majority of monocytoid AML blasts. The axis is involved in cell trafficking and proliferation but no in vitro and in vivo chemotherapy protective effect was seen.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/cytology
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- U937 Cells
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Macanas-Pirard
- Hematology Oncology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Quezada
- Hematology Oncology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Navarrete
- Hematology Oncology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard Broekhuizen
- Hematology Oncology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leisewitz
- Hematology Oncology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Nervi
- Hematology Oncology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Ramírez
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Región de los Ríos, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu SE, Miller WE. The HCMV US28 vGPCR induces potent Gαq/PLC-β signaling in monocytes leading to increased adhesion to endothelial cells. Virology 2016; 497:233-243. [PMID: 27497185 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
US28 transcripts have been detected in primary monocytes and in THP-1 monocytes infected with HCMV but US28 protein expression has not yet been demonstrated in these cell types. Moreover, the mechanism(s) by which US28 signals and contributes to viral pathogenesis in monocytes remains unclear. Here, we show that US28 protein is robustly expressed in HCMV infected THP-1 monocytes and that US28 can trigger Gαq dependent signaling in THP-1 cells infected with HCMV and in THP-1 cells stably expressing US28. US28 signaling in these cells is dependent on G-protein coupling, but independent of chemokine binding. Importantly, we demonstrate that this US28 signaling is functionally important as it stimulates the adhesion of monocytes to an endothelial monolayer. Our studies, which demonstrate that US28-driven Gαq signaling has profound effects on monocyte biology, suggest that US28 driven phenotypic changes in HCMV infected monocytes may play important roles in HCMV dissemination and/or pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-En Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, USA
| | - William E Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gene silencing of MCP-1 prevents microglial activation and inflammatory injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 33:18-23. [PMID: 26851629 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are activated after intracerebral hemorrhage and induce neuron death by releasing proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, the related mechanism of microglia activation in such conditions remains elusive. MCP-1, the ligand of CCR2 expressed in the central nervous system, could promote microglia proliferation, survival and cytokine secretion. According to the previous findings, we make a hypothesis that whether alternation of MCP-1 level could attenuate microglia activation and toxicity to neuron in intracerebral hemorrhage. To identify that, we interfere with the MCP-1 expression of microglia by RNAi technology, and coculture the microglia and neuron in ICH. The results demonstrated that MCP-1 RNAi inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression in microglia and attenuated neuron injury. In conclusion, the present study suggests that MCP-1 might promote ICH induced microglia activation and toxicity to neuron, and MCP-1 RNAi might provide promising therapeutical strategy for ICH.
Collapse
|
12
|
Driss V, Quesnel B, Brinster C. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) contributes to thymus atrophy in acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:396-406. [PMID: 25382729 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients have revealed the existence of T-cell immunodeficiencies, characterized by peripheral T lymphocytes that are unable to interact with blasts, reduced thymic emigrants and oligoclonal restricted repertoires. These observations suggest that there is a profound thymic dysregulation, which is difficult to study in AML patients. Using the C1498 AML mouse model, we demonstrated that leukemia development was associated with thymus atrophy, which was defined by abnormal organ weight and reduced cellularity. In addition, we observed a dramatic loss of peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell numbers with increased frequencies of CD4(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory and activated/memory T cells. Investigating the mechanisms leading to this atrophy, we observed a significant accumulation of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in thymi of leukemic mice. Treatment of AML-bearing animals with a blocking anti-CCL2 antibody revealed a lower tumor burden, augmented antileukemic T-cell responses, and improved survival rate compared to nontreated mice. These results were not observed when neutralization of CCL2 was performed in thymectomized mice. Altogether, we show that the CCL2 protein participates in thymic atrophy in AML mice, and this could have important implications for future immunotherapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Driss
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), INSERM U.837, Lille Cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rafei M, Deng J, Boivin MN, Williams P, Matulis SM, Yuan S, Birman E, Forner K, Yuan L, Castellino C, Boise LH, MacDonald TJ, Galipeau J. A MCP1 fusokine with CCR2-specific tumoricidal activity. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:121. [PMID: 21943176 PMCID: PMC3189909 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The CCL2 chemokine is involved in promoting cancer angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis by malignancies that express CCR2 receptor. Thus the CCL2/CCR2 axis is an attractive molecular target for anticancer drug development. Methods We have generated a novel fusion protein using GMCSF and an N-terminal truncated version of MCP1/CCL2 (6-76) [hereafter GMME1] and investigated its utility as a CCR2-specific tumoricidal agent. Results We found that distinct to full length CCL2 or its N-truncated derivative (CCL2 5-76), GMME1 bound to CCR2 on mouse lymphoma EG7, human multiple myeloma cell line U266, or murine and human medulloblastoma cell lines, and led to their death by apoptosis. We demonstrated that GMME1 specifically blocked CCR2-associated STAT3 phosphorylation and up-regulated pro-apoptotic BAX. Furthermore, GMME1 significantly inhibited EG7 tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice, and induced apoptosis of primary myeloma cells from patients. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that GMME1 is a fusokine with a potent, CCR2 receptor-mediated pro-apoptotic effect on tumor cells and could be exploited as a novel biological therapy for CCR2+ malignancies including lymphoid and central nervous system malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moutih Rafei
- The Montreal Center for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luesink M, Jansen JH. Advances in understanding the pulmonary infiltration in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2010; 151:209-20. [PMID: 20735400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), differentiation therapy can be complicated by the development of a differentiation syndrome (DS). Pulmonary infiltration of differentiating leukaemic cells is a key event in the development of DS. Several mediators have been identified that may promote migration and extravasation of differentiating APL cells from the bloodstream into the tissue. Adhesion of APL cells to each other and to the endothelium is induced by upregulation of the expression of adhesion molecules and constitutively active β2-integrins during differentiation therapy. The expression of chemokines and their receptors is significantly upregulated as well. Pulmonary chemokine production can trigger transendothelial migration of differentiating APL cells from the bloodstream into the underlying tissue (initiation phase of DS). Massive production of chemokines by infiltrated APL cells can further enhance transendothelial migration of differentiating APL cells, causing an uncontrollable hyperinflammatory reaction in the lung (aggravation phase), which is not efficiently switched-off by corticosteroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Luesink
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Faaij CMJM, Willemze AJ, Révész T, Balzarolo M, Tensen CP, Hoogeboom M, Vermeer MH, van Wering E, Zwaan CM, Kaspers GJL, Story C, van Halteren AGS, Vossen JM, Egeler RM, van Tol MJD, Annels NE. Chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions in extramedullary leukaemia of the skin in childhood AML: differential roles for CCR2, CCR5, CXCR4 and CXCR7. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:344-8. [PMID: 20582977 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptor/ligand interactions orchestrate the migration of cells to peripheral tissues such as the skin. We analysed chemokine receptor expression by acute myeloid leukaemic (AML) cells present in peripheral blood (n = 7), bone marrow (n = 6), or skin (n = 11) obtained from 15 paediatric AML patients with skin involvement and in 10 AML patients without skin involvement. High percentages of circulating CCR2(pos) AML cells were only detected in patients with extramedullary disease. Skin-residing AML cells displayed a different set of receptors in situ, namely: CCR5, CXCR4, CXCR7 and CX3CR1. These results suggest the involvement of different chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions in homing and retention of AML blasts in the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M J M Faaij
- Division of Immunology, Haematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
The chemokine network in acute myelogenous leukemia: molecular mechanisms involved in leukemogenesis and therapeutic implications. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010; 341:149-72. [PMID: 20376612 DOI: 10.1007/82_2010_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a bone marrow disease in which the leukemic cells show constitutive release of a wide range of CCL and CXCL chemokines and express several chemokine receptors. The AML cell release of various chemokines is often correlated and three release clusters have been identified: CCL2-4/CXCL1/8, CCL5/CXCL9-11, and CCL13/17/22/24/CXCL5. CXCL8 is the chemokine usually released at highest levels. Based on their overall constitutive release profile, patients can be classified into distinct subsets that differ in their T cell chemotaxis towards the leukemic cells. The release profile is modified by hypoxia, differentiation status, pharmacological interventions, and T cell cytokine responses. The best investigated single chemokine in AML is CXCL12 that binds to CXCR4. CXCL12/CXCR4 is important in leukemogenesis through regulation of AML cell migration, and CXCR4 expression is an adverse prognostic factor for patient survival after chemotherapy. Even though AML cells usually release high levels of several chemokines, there is no general increase of serum chemokine levels in these patients and the levels are also influenced by patient age, disease status, chemotherapy regimen, and complicating infections. However, serum CXCL8 levels seem to partly reflect the leukemic cell burden in AML. Specific chemokine inhibitors are currently being developed, although redundancy and pleiotropy of the chemokine system are obstacles in drug development.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chemokine induction by all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia: triggering the differentiation syndrome. Blood 2009; 114:5512-21. [PMID: 19828696 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-02-204834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), differentiation therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and/or arsenic trioxide can induce a differentiation syndrome (DS) with massive pulmonary infiltration of differentiating leukemic cells. Because chemokines are implicated in migration and extravasation of leukemic cells, chemokines might play a role in DS. ATRA stimulation of the APL cell line NB4 induced expression of multiple CC-chemokines (CCLs) and their receptors (> 19-fold), resulting in increased chemokine levels and chemotaxis. Induction of CCL2 and CCL24 was directly mediated by ligand-activated retinoic acid receptors. In primary leukemia cells derived from APL patients at diagnosis, ATRA induced chemokine production as well. Furthermore, in plasma of an APL patient with DS, we observed chemokine induction, suggesting that chemokines might be important in DS. Dexamethasone, which efficiently reduces pulmonary chemokine production, did not inhibit chemokine induction in APL cells. Finally, chemokine production was also induced by arsenic trioxide as single agent or in combination with ATRA. We propose that differentiation therapy may induce chemokine production in the lung and in APL cells, which both trigger migration of leukemic cells. Because dexamethasone does not efficiently reduce leukemic chemokine production, pulmonary infiltration of leukemic cells may induce an uncontrollable hyperinflammatory reaction in the lung.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia is driven by leukemic stem cells (LSCs) generated by mutations that confer (or maintain) self-renewal potential coupled to an aberrant differentiation program. Using retroviral mutagenesis, we identified genes that generate LSCs in collaboration with genetic disruption of the gene encoding interferon response factor 8 (Irf8), which induces a myeloproliferation in vivo. Among the targeted genes, we identified Mef2c, encoding a MCM1-agamous-deficiens-serum response factor transcription factor, and confirmed that overexpression induced a myelomonocytic leukemia in cooperation with Irf8 deficiency. Strikingly, several of the genes identified in our screen have been reported to be up-regulated in the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) subtype. High MEF2C expression levels were confirmed in acute myelogenous leukemia patient samples with MLL gene disruptions, prompting an investigation of the causal interplay. Using a conditional mouse strain, we demonstrated that Mef2c deficiency does not impair the establishment or maintenance of LSCs generated in vitro by MLL/ENL fusion proteins; however, its loss led to compromised homing and invasiveness of the tumor cells. Mef2c-dependent targets included several genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases and chemokine ligands and receptors, providing a mechanistic link to increased homing and motility. Thus, MEF2C up-regulation may be responsible for the aggressive nature of this leukemia subtype.
Collapse
|
19
|
Aggressive characteristics of myeloblasts expressing CD7 in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2009; 33:326-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Rolny C, Capparuccia L, Casazza A, Mazzone M, Vallario A, Cignetti A, Medico E, Carmeliet P, Comoglio PM, Tamagnone L. The tumor suppressor semaphorin 3B triggers a prometastatic program mediated by interleukin 8 and the tumor microenvironment. J Exp Med 2008; 205:1155-71. [PMID: 18458115 PMCID: PMC2373847 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20072509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are a large family of evolutionarily conserved morphogenetic molecules originally identified for their repelling role in axonal guidance. Intriguingly, semaphorins have recently been implicated in cancer progression (Neufeld, G., T. Lange, A. Varshavsky, and O. Kessler. 2007. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 600:118-131). In particular, semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) is considered a putative tumor suppressor, and yet we found that it is expressed at high levels in many invasive and metastatic human cancers. By investigating experimental tumor models, we confirmed that SEMA3B expression inhibited tumor growth, whereas metastatic dissemination was surprisingly increased. We found that SEMA3B induced the production of interleukin (IL) 8 by tumor cells by activating the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in a neuropilin 1-dependent manner. Silencing the expression of endogenous SEMA3B in tumor cells impaired IL-8 transcription. The release of IL-8, in turn, induced the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and metastatic dissemination to the lung, which could be rescued by blocking IL-8 with neutralizing antibodies. In conclusion, we report that SEMA3B exerts unexpected functions in cancer progression by fostering a prometastatic environment through elevated IL-8 secretion and recruitment of macrophages coupled to the suppression of tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rolny
- Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin, School of Medicine, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Colmone A, Sipkins DA. Beyond angiogenesis: the role of endothelium in the bone marrow vascular niche. Transl Res 2008; 151:1-9. [PMID: 18061122 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Specific tissue microenvironments, or niches, are critical for homing and maintenance of both stem cells and tumor cells in vivo. Little is known, however, about the molecular interactions between individual cells within these microenvironments. Recent studies that describe a newly identified hematopoietic stem and tumor cell vascular niche in the bone marrow (BM) suggest a critical role for vascular endothelial cell signaling and raise the possibility that bidirectional interactions of these cells with the vasculature regulate the niche dynamically. The mechanisms that govern hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)/tumor cell cross-talk with endothelial cells provide a promising new direction for future studies. Here we review recent advances that open new avenues of study in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Colmone
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill 60637, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alexiev BA, Wang W, Ning Y, Chumsri S, Gojo I, Rodgers WH, Stass SA, Zhao XF. Myeloid sarcomas: a histologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic study. Diagn Pathol 2007; 2:42. [PMID: 17974004 PMCID: PMC2186303 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-2-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context. - Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a neoplasm of immature granulocytes, monocytes, or both involving any extramedullary site. The correct diagnosis of MS is important for adequate therapy, which is often delayed because of a high misdiagnosis rate. Objective. - To evaluate the lineage differentiation of neoplastic cells in MS by immunohistochemistry, and to correlate the results with clinicopathologic findings and cytogenetic studies. Design. - Histologic and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 13 cases of MS. They were classified according to the World Health Organization criteria. Chromosomal analysis data were available in 11 cases. Clinical, pathological, and cytogenetic findings were analyzed. Results. - The study included six male and seven female patients with an age range of 25 to 72 years (mean, 49.3 years) and a male to female ratio of 1:1.2. MS de novo occurred in 4/13 (31%) of cases examined. The most sensitive immunohistochemical markers were CD43 and lysozyme present in all cases with MS (13/13, 100%). All de novo MS showed a normal karyotype, monoblastic differentiation, and lack of CD34. The most common chromosomal abnormalities in MS associated with a hematopoietic disorder were trisomy 8 and inv(16) (2/11, 18%). Conclusion. - An immunohistochemical panel including CD43, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), CD68 (or CD163), CD117, CD3 and CD20 can successfully identify the vast majority of MS variants in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The present report expands the spectrum of our knowledge showing that de novo MS has frequent monoblastic differentiation and frequently carries a normal karyotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borislav A Alexiev
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
CXCR4 chemokine receptors retain hematopoietic progenitors and leukemia cells within the marrow microenvironment. We prospectively evaluated the prognostic implication of CXCR4 in 90 consecutive patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) by flow cytometry. Patients were divided into groups with low (n=32), intermediate (n=26), or high (n=32) CXCR4 expression, as defined by CXCR4 mean fluorescence intensity ratio thresholds of less than 5, 5 to 10, or more than 10, respectively. We found that low CXCR4 expression on AML cells correlated with a better prognosis, resulting in a longer relapse-free and overall survival of 24.3+/-2.9 months for low CXCR4-expressing patients, compared with 17.4+/-3.4 months for intermediate and 12.8+/-2 months (mean+/-SEM) for patients with high expression. In univariate analyses, CXCR4 expression, cytogenetics, white blood cell count, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) predicted for shorter survival. Multivariate analysis revealed CXCR4 expression and unfavorable cytogenetics as independent prognostic factors. We conclude that CXCR4 expression in AML is an independent prognostic predictor for disease relapse and survival that can rapidly and easily be determined at disease presentation. These findings warrant further investigation into the role of CXCR4 in AML and suggest that CXCR4 should be incorporated into the risk assessment of AML patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Receptors, CXCR4/analysis
- Receptors, CXCR4/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Recurrence
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Survival Rate
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke C Spoo
- Department of Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deeb G, Baer MR, Gaile DP, Sait SNJ, Barcos M, Wetzler M, Conroy JM, Nowak NJ, Cowell JK, Cheney RT. Genomic profiling of myeloid sarcoma by array comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2005; 44:373-83. [PMID: 16080198 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a tumor mass of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells occurring in an extramedullary site. In this study, seven cases of MS [stomach (1), testis (1), skin (2), and lymph node (3)] and 3 synchronous and 1 follow-up bone marrow (BM) samples were studied for genomic abnormalities using array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). Array-CGH construction used approximately 5,400 bacterial artificial chromosome clones from the RPCI-11 library, spanning the human genome. Data were analyzed using the DNAcopy software and custom heuristics. All MS cases had genomic abnormalities detected by array-CGH. Unbalanced genomic abnormalities in five MS cases were confirmed by conventional cytogenetics (CC) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); these abnormalities included loss of 4q32.1-q35.2, 6q16.1-q21, and 12p12.2-p13.2 and gain of 8q21.2-q24.3, 8, 11q21-q25, 13q21.32-q34, 19, and 21. Array-CGH was also invaluable in identifying possible deletions, partner translocations, and breakpoints that were questionable by CC. The remaining two MS cases had genomic aberrations detected by array-CGH, but were not studied further by CC/FISH. Chromosome 8 was most commonly abnormal (3/7 cases). Identical genomic abnormalities were demonstrated in MS and in synchronous BM in two cases. These results demonstrate that array-CGH is a powerful tool to screen MS tissue for unbalanced genomic abnormalities, allowing identification of chromosome abnormalities when concurrent BM is nonanalyzable or nonleukemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Deeb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cignetti A, Vallario A, Roato I, Circosta P, Allione B, Casorzo L, Ghia P, Caligaris-Cappio F. Leukemia-derived immature dendritic cells differentiate into functionally competent mature dendritic cells that efficiently stimulate T cell responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:2855-65. [PMID: 15295005 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.4.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary acute myeloid leukemia cells can be induced to differentiate into dendritic cells (DC). In the presence of GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, and/or IL-4, leukemia-derived DC are obtained that display features of immature DC (i-DC). The aim of this study was to determine whether i-DC of leukemic origin could be further differentiated into mature DC (m-DC) and to evaluate the possibility that leukemic m-DC could be effective in vivo as a tumor vaccine. Using CD40L as maturating agent, we show that leukemic i-DC can differentiate into cells that fulfill the phenotypic criteria of m-DC and, compared with normal counterparts, are functionally competent in vitro in terms of: 1) production of cytokines that support T cell activation and proliferation and drive Th1 polarization; 2) generation of autologous CD8(+) CTLs and CD4(+) T cells that are MHC-restricted and leukemia-specific; 3) migration from tissues to lymph nodes; 4) amplification of Ag presentation by monocyte attraction; 5) attraction of naive/resting and activated T cells. Irradiation of leukemic i-DC after CD40L stimulation did not affect their differentiating and functional capacity. Our data indicate that acute myeloid leukemia cells can fully differentiate into functionally competent m-DC and lay the ground for testing their efficacy as a tumor vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cignetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|