1
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Kulac I, Roudier MP, Haffner MC. Molecular Pathology of Prostate Cancer. Clin Lab Med 2024; 44:161-180. [PMID: 38821639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Molecular profiling studies have shed new light on the complex biology of prostate cancer. Genomic studies have highlighted that structural rearrangements are among the most common recurrent alterations. In addition, both germline and somatic mutations in DNA repair genes are enriched in patients with advanced disease. Primary prostate cancer has long been known to be multifocal, but recent studies demonstrate that a large fraction of prostate cancer shows evidence of multiclonality, suggesting that genetically distinct, independently arising tumor clones coexist. Metastatic prostate cancer shows a high level of morphologic and molecular diversity, which is associated with resistance to systemic therapies. The resulting high level of intratumoral heterogeneity has important implications for diagnosis and poses major challenges for the implementation of molecular studies. Here we provide a concise review of the molecular pathology of prostate cancer, highlight clinically relevant alterations, and discuss opportunities for molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kulac
- Department of Pathology, Koç University School of Medicine, Davutpasa Caddesi No:4, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Martine P Roudier
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Mokni M, Tlili A, Khalij Y, Attia G, Zerrouki C, Hmida W, Othmane A, Bouslama A, Omezzine A, Fourati N. Designing a Simple Electrochemical Genosensor for the Detection of Urinary PCA3, a Prostate Cancer Biomarker. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:602. [PMID: 38793175 PMCID: PMC11123437 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of a simple electrochemical detection of Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3) fragments extracted from patients' urine, using a thiolated single-strand DNA probe immobilized on a gold surface without using a redox probe. To enhance the PCA3 recognition process, we conducted a comparative analysis of the hybridization location using two thiolated DNA probes: Probe 1 targets the first 40 bases, while Probe 2 targets the fragment from bases 47 to 86. Hybridization with PCA3 followed, using square wave voltammetry. The limit of detection of the designed genosenors were of the order of (2.2 ng/mL), and (1.6 ng/mL) for Probes 1 and 2, respectively, and the subsequent sensitivities were of the order of (0.09 ± 0.01) µA-1 · µg-1 · mL and (0.10 ± 0.01) µA-1 · µg-1 · mL. Specificity tests were then conducted with the sensor functionalized with Probe 2, as it presents better analytical performances. The electrochemical results indicate that the designed sensor can clearly discriminate a complementary target from a non-complementary one. A further modeling of the calibration curves with the Power Law/Hill model indicates that the dissociation constant increases by one order of magnitude, confirming the ability of the designed sensor to perfectly discriminate complementary targets from non-complementary ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Mokni
- SATIE Laboratory, UMR CNRS 8029, Cnam, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003 Paris, France; (M.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.); (C.Z.)
- Biochemistry Department, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Route Ceinture Sahloul, Sousse 4054, Tunisia; (Y.K.); (A.B.); (A.O.)
| | - Amal Tlili
- SATIE Laboratory, UMR CNRS 8029, Cnam, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003 Paris, France; (M.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.); (C.Z.)
- LIMA Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Yassine Khalij
- Biochemistry Department, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Route Ceinture Sahloul, Sousse 4054, Tunisia; (Y.K.); (A.B.); (A.O.)
| | - Ghada Attia
- SATIE Laboratory, UMR CNRS 8029, Cnam, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003 Paris, France; (M.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chouki Zerrouki
- SATIE Laboratory, UMR CNRS 8029, Cnam, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003 Paris, France; (M.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Wissem Hmida
- Sahloul University Hospital, Urology Department, Street Route Ceinture Sahloul, Sousse 4054, Tunisia;
| | - Ali Othmane
- LIMA Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Ali Bouslama
- Biochemistry Department, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Route Ceinture Sahloul, Sousse 4054, Tunisia; (Y.K.); (A.B.); (A.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Ibn Sina, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Asma Omezzine
- Biochemistry Department, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Route Ceinture Sahloul, Sousse 4054, Tunisia; (Y.K.); (A.B.); (A.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Ibn Sina, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Najla Fourati
- SATIE Laboratory, UMR CNRS 8029, Cnam, 292 rue Saint Martin, 75003 Paris, France; (M.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.); (C.Z.)
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3
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Gao J, Shi W, Wang J, Guan C, Dong Q, Sheng J, Zou X, Xu Z, Ge Y, Yang C, Li J, Bao H, Zhong X, Cui Y. Research progress and applications of epigenetic biomarkers in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1308309. [PMID: 38681199 PMCID: PMC11048075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1308309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are heritable changes in gene expression without changes in the nucleotide sequence of genes. Epigenetic changes play an important role in the development of cancer and in the process of malignancy metastasis. Previous studies have shown that abnormal epigenetic changes can be used as biomarkers for disease status and disease prediction. The reversibility and controllability of epigenetic modification changes also provide new strategies for early disease prevention and treatment. In addition, corresponding drug development has also reached the clinical stage. In this paper, we will discuss the recent progress and application status of tumor epigenetic biomarkers from three perspectives: DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, and histone modification, in order to provide new opportunities for additional tumor research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Gao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wujiang Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Canghai Guan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingfu Dong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialin Sheng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinlei Zou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yifei Ge
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengru Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiehan Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haolin Bao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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4
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Liu Y, Hatano K, Nonomura N. Liquid Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Current Status and Emerging Prospects. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e45. [PMID: 38772530 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health concern that necessitates appropriate diagnostic approaches for timely intervention. This review critically evaluates the role of liquid biopsy techniques, focusing on blood- and urine-based biomarkers, in overcoming the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods. The 4Kscore test and Prostate Health Index have demonstrated efficacy in distinguishing PCa from benign conditions. Urinary biomarker tests such as PCa antigen 3, MyProstateScore, SelectMDx, and ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore test have revolutionized risk stratification and minimized unnecessary biopsies. Emerging biomarkers, including non-coding RNAs, circulating tumor DNA, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) glycosylation, offer valuable insights into PCa biology, enabling personalized treatment strategies. Advancements in non-invasive liquid biomarkers for PCa diagnosis may facilitate the stratification of patients and avoid unnecessary biopsies, particularly when PSA is in the gray area of 4 to 10 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Darmadi D, Chugaeva UY, Saleh RO, Hjazi A, Saleem HM, Ghildiyal P, Alwaily ER, Alawadi A, Alnajar MJ, Ihsan A. Critical roles of long noncoding RNA H19 in cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4018. [PMID: 38644608 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a category of noncoding RNAs characterized by their length, often exceeding 200 nucleotides. There is a growing body of data that indicate the significant involvement of lncRNAs in a wide range of disorders, including cancer. lncRNA H19 was among the initial lncRNAs to be identified and is transcribed from the H19 gene. The H19 lncRNA exhibits significant upregulation in a diverse range of human malignancies, such as breast, colorectal, pancreatic, glioma, and gastric cancer. Moreover, the overexpression of H19 is frequently associated with a worse prognosis among individuals diagnosed with cancer. H19 has been shown to have a role in facilitating several cellular processes, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and apoptosis. This article summarizes the aberrant upregulation of H19 in human malignancies, indicating promising avenues for future investigations on cancer diagnostics and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darmadi Darmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Uliana Y Chugaeva
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba Muwafaq Saleem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
| | | | - Ali Ihsan
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
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6
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Al-Hawary SIS, Rodrigues P, Bangali H, Hassan ZF, Elawady A. The role of long noncoding RNA DGCR5 in cancers: Focus on molecular targets. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3949. [PMID: 38379219 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are major components of cellular transcripts that are emerging as important players in various biological pathways. Due to their specific expression and functional diversity in a variety of cancers, lncRNAs have promising applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Studies have shown that lncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) with high specificity and accuracy has the potential to become biomarkers in cancers. LncRNA DGCR5 can be noninvasively extracted from body fluids, tissues, and cells, and can be used as independent or auxiliary biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosis or prognosis. Now, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs such as DGCR5 were explored as therapeutic targets, which have been investigated in clinical trials of several cancers. The DGCR5 lacks an appropriate animal model, which is necessary to gain greater knowledge of their functions. While some studies on the uses of DGCR5 have been carried out, the small sample size makes them unreliable. In this review, we presented a compilation of recent publications addressing the potential of lncRNA DGCR5 that could be considered as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, with the hopes of providing promised implications for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Bangali
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Elawady
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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7
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Mahato RK, Bhattacharya S, Khullar N, Sidhu IS, Reddy PH, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Targeting long non-coding RNAs in cancer therapy using CRISPR-Cas9 technology: A novel paradigm for precision oncology. J Biotechnol 2024; 379:98-119. [PMID: 38065367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, despite recent advances in its identification and management. To improve cancer patient diagnosis and care, it is necessary to identify new biomarkers and molecular targets. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have surfaced as important contributors to various cellular activities, with growing proof indicating their substantial role in the genesis, development, and spread of cancer. Their unique expression profiles within specific tissues and their wide-ranging functionalities make lncRNAs excellent candidates for potential therapeutic intervention in cancer management. They are implicated in multiple hallmarks of cancer, such as uncontrolled proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. This review article explores the innovative application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in targeting lncRNAs as a cancer therapeutic strategy. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been widely applied in functional genomics, gene therapy, and cancer research, offering a versatile platform for lncRNA targeting. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated targeting of lncRNAs can be achieved through CRISPR interference, activation or the complete knockout of lncRNA loci. Combining CRISPR-Cas9 technology with high-throughput functional genomics makes it possible to identify lncRNAs critical for the survival of specific cancer subtypes, opening the door for tailored treatments and personalised cancer therapies. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated lncRNA targeting with other cutting-edge cancer therapies, such as immunotherapy and targeted molecular therapeutics can be used to overcome the drug resistance in cancer. The synergy of lncRNA research and CRISPR-Cas9 technology presents immense potential for individualized cancer treatment, offering renewed hope in the battle against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Mahato
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Srinjan Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Inderpal Singh Sidhu
- Department of Zoology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector 26, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Departments of Neurology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Borbiev T, Kohaar I, Petrovics G. Clinical Biofluid Assays for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:165. [PMID: 38201592 PMCID: PMC10777952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This mini review summarizes the currently available clinical biofluid assays for PCa. The second most prevalent cancer worldwide is PCa. PCa is a heterogeneous disease, with a large percentage of prostate tumors being indolent, and with a relatively slow metastatic potential. However, due to the high case numbers, the absolute number of PCa-related deaths is still high. In fact, it causes the second highest number of cancer deaths in American men. As a first step for the diagnosis of PCa, the PSA test has been widely used. However, it has low specificity, which results in a high number of false positives leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Newer derivatives of the original PSA test, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved 4K (four kallikreins) and the PHI (Prostate Health Index) blood tests, have higher specificities. Tissue-based PCa tests are problematic as biopsies are invasive and have limited accuracy due to prostate tumor heterogeneity. Liquid biopsies offer a minimally or non-invasive choice for the patients, while providing a more representative reflection of the spatial heterogeneity in the prostate. In addition to the abovementioned blood-based tests, urine is a promising source of PCa biomarkers, offering a supplementary avenue for early detection and improved tumor classification. Four urine-based PCa tests are either FDA- or CLIA-approved: PCA3 (PROGENSA), ExoDX Prostate Intelliscore, MiPS, and SelectMDx. We will discuss these urine-based, as well as the blood-based, clinical PCa tests in more detail. We also briefly discuss a few promising biofluid marker candidates (DNA methylation, micro-RNAs) which are not in clinical application. As no single assay is perfect, we envision that a combination of biomarkers, together with imaging, will become the preferred practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talaibek Borbiev
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (T.B.); (I.K.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Indu Kohaar
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (T.B.); (I.K.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (T.B.); (I.K.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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Arab I, Park J, Shin JJ, Shin HS, Suk K, Lee WH. Macrophage lncRNAs in cancer development: Long-awaited therapeutic targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115890. [PMID: 37884197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, the interplay among macrophages, cancer cells, and endothelial cells is multifaceted. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which often exhibit an M2 phenotype, contribute to tumor growth and angiogenesis, while cancer cells and endothelial cells reciprocally influence macrophage behavior. This complex interrelationship highlights the importance of targeting these interactions for the development of novel cancer therapies aimed at disrupting tumor progression and angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence underscores the indispensable involvement of lncRNAs in shaping macrophage functionality and contributing to the development of cancer. Animal studies have further validated the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophage lncRNA activity to ameliorate disease severity and reduce morbidity rates. This review provides a survey of our current understanding of macrophage-associated lncRNAs, with a specific emphasis on their molecular targets and their regulatory impact on cancer progression. These lncRNAs predominantly govern macrophage polarization, favoring the dominance of M2 macrophages or TAMs. Exosomes or extracellular vesicles mediate lncRNA transfer between macrophages and cancer cells, affecting cellular functions of each other. Moreover, this review presents therapeutic strategies targeting cancer-associated lncRNAs. The insights and findings presented in this review pertaining to macrophage lncRNAs can offer valuable information for the development of treatments against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Arab
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkwang Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Shin
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Seob Shin
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Jain S, Malhotra KPK, Patiyal S, Raghava GPS. A Highly Accurate Model for Screening Prostate Cancer Using Propensity Index Panel of Ten Genes. J Comput Biol 2023; 30:1305-1314. [PMID: 37917795 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2023.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Jain
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kawal Preet Kaur Malhotra
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumeet Patiyal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gajendra Pal Singh Raghava
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
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11
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Li H, Liu J, Qin X, Sun J, Liu Y, Jin F. Function of Long Noncoding RNAs in Glioma Progression and Treatment Based on the Wnt/β-Catenin and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3929-3942. [PMID: 37747595 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are a deadly primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with glioblastoma (GBM) representing the most aggressive type. The clinical prognosis of GBM patients remains bleak despite the availability of multiple options for therapy, which has needed us to explore new therapeutic methods to face the rapid progression, short survival, and therapy resistance of glioblastomas. As the Human Genome Project advances, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians in cancer research. Numerous studies have found aberrant expression of signaling pathways in glioma cells. For example, lncRNAs not only play an integral role in the drug resistance process by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin or PI3K/Akt signaling but are also involved in a variety of malignant biological behaviors such as glioma proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor apoptosis. Therefore, the present review systematically assesses the existing research evidence on the malignant progression and drug resistance of glioma, focusing on the critical role and potential function of lncRNAs in the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt classical pathways to promote and encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyun Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jilan Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Xianyun Qin
- Department of Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Jikui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272013, China.
| | - Feng Jin
- The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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12
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Akbari Nakhjavani S, Tokyay BK, Soylemez C, Sarabi MR, Yetisen AK, Tasoglu S. Biosensors for prostate cancer detection. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1248-1267. [PMID: 37147246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common tumors and a leading cause of mortality among men, resulting in ~375 000 deaths annually worldwide. Various analytical methods have been designed for quantitative and rapid detection of PC biomarkers. Electrochemical (EC), optical, and magnetic biosensors have been developed to detect tumor biomarkers in clinical and point-of-care (POC) settings. Although POC biosensors have shown potential for detection of PC biomarkers, some limitations, such as the sample preparation, should be considered. To tackle such shortcomings, new technologies have been utilized for development of more practical biosensors. Here, biosensing platforms for the detection of PC biomarkers such as immunosensors, aptasensors, genosensors, paper-based devices, microfluidic systems, and multiplex high-throughput platforms, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Akbari Nakhjavani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Begum K Tokyay
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Soylemez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Misagh R Sarabi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany 70569
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany 70569; Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey.
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13
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GÜZEL TANOĞLU E, ADIGÜZEL S, TANOĞLU A, AYDIN ZB, HOCAOĞLU G, EBİNÇ S. Long noncoding RNAs in pancreas cancer: from biomarkers to therapeutic targets. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1552-1564. [PMID: 38813489 PMCID: PMC10760575 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules with a heterogeneous structure consisting of 200 or more nucleotides. Because these noncoding RNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, they have properties similar to messenger RNA (mRNA). Contrary to popular belief, the term "ncRNA" originated before the discovery of microRNAs. LncRNA genes are more numerous than protein-coding genes. They are the focus of current molecular research because of their pivotal roles in cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) is increasing around the world and research on the molecular aspects of PC are growing. In this review, it is aimed to provide critical information about lncRNAs in PC, including the biological and oncological behaviors of lncRNAs in PC and their potential application in therapeutic strategies and as diagnostic tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra GÜZEL TANOĞLU
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Seyfure ADIGÜZEL
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Alpaslan TANOĞLU
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Zehra Betül AYDIN
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Gülizar HOCAOĞLU
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Samet EBİNÇ
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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14
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Ataei A, Tahsili M, Hayadokht G, Daneshvar M, Mohammadi Nour S, Soofi A, Masoudi A, Kabiri M, Natami M. Targeting long noncoding RNAs in neuroblastoma: Progress and prospects. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:640-652. [PMID: 37291742 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the third most prevalent tumor that mostly influences infants and young children. Although different treatments have been developed for the treatment of NB, high-risk patients have been reported to have low survival rates. Currently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown an attractive potential in cancer research and a party of investigations have been performed to understand mechanisms underlying tumor development through lncRNA dysregulation. Researchers have just newly initiated to exhibit the involvement of lncRNAs in NB pathogenesis. In this review article, we tried to clarify the point we stand with respect to the involvement of lncRNAs in NB. Moreover, implications for the pathologic roles of lncRNAs in the development of NB have been discussed. It seems that some of these lncRNAs have promising potential to be applied as biomarkers for NB prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ataei
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | | | - Golsa Hayadokht
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | - Asma Soofi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Masoudi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Alied Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Maryam Kabiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Natami
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Prigol AN, Rode MP, da Luz Efe F, Saleh NA, Creczynski-Pasa TB. The Bone Microenvironment Soil in Prostate Cancer Metastasis: An miRNA Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4027. [PMID: 37627055 PMCID: PMC10452124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with a high risk of mortality. Changes in the expression pattern of miRNAs seem to be related to early aspects of prostate cancer, as well as its establishment and proliferation, including the necessary steps for metastasis. Here we compiled, for the first time, the important roles of miRNAs in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of bone metastasis, focusing on recent in vivo and in vitro studies. PCa exosomes are proven to promote metastasis-related events, such as osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and proliferation. Aberrant miRNA expression in PCa may induce abnormal bone remodeling and support tumor development. Furthermore, miRNAs are capable of binding to multiple mRNA targets, a dynamic property that can be harnessed for the development of treatment tools, such as antagomiRs and miRNA mimics, which have emerged as promising candidates in PCa treatment. Finally, miRNAs may serve as noninvasive biomarkers, as they can be detected in tissue and bodily fluids, are highly stable, and show differential expression between nonmetastatic PCa and bone metastatic samples. Taken together, the findings underscore the importance of miRNA expression profiles and miRNA-based tools as rational technologies to increase the quality of life and longevity of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina State, Brazil; (A.N.P.); (M.P.R.); (F.d.L.E.); (N.A.S.)
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16
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Warli SM, Warli MH, Prapiska FF. PCA3 and TMPRSS2: ERG Urine Level as Diagnostic Biomarker of Prostate Cancer. Res Rep Urol 2023; 15:149-155. [PMID: 37181497 PMCID: PMC10167967 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s401131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent urological carcinoma with an increasing incidence in Indonesia and all around the world. Early diagnosis can greatly affect treatment outcomes and increase life expectancy. Several biomarkers for detecting prostate cancer have been studied and showed great promise. Purpose This study aims to analyze prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) as well as transmembrane serine protease 2:ERG (TMPRSS2:ERG) for diagnosing and serving as urine biomarkers in predicting prostate cancer incidences. Methods We conducted an analytical study to assess the utility of PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG for detecting prostate cancer. Thirty samples were included in this study to see the utilization of PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG as diagnostic biomarkers of prostate cancer. A urine sample was taken and the PCA3 test was performed using the PCA3 PROGENSA test, while the TMPRSS2:ERG was performed using the chemiluminescent DNA probe method with a hybridization protection test. Results The average age of the subject was 61.07±8.3 years. Based on calculations using the Mann-Whitney test, there was a significant relationship between prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) overexpression (p<0.001), TMPRSS2:ERG (p=0.001), and PCA3 (p=0.003) with prostate cancer incidence. The sensitivity of PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG in detecting prostate cancer was 76.9% and 92.3%, respectively. Hence, TMPRSS2:ERG and PCA3 can be used as biomarkers for the occurrence of prostate cancer. We also performed a Kruskal-Wallis test; however, there was no significant relationship between PSA (p=0.236), TMPRSS2:ERG (p=0.801), and PCA3 (p=0.091) with the Gleason score. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between overexpression of PSA, TMPRSS2:ERG and PCA3 with the incidence of prostate cancer, and TMPRSS2:ERG and PCA3 can be used as biomarkers of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syah Mirsya Warli
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara – Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
- Department of Surgery Urology Division, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara – Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Haritsyah Warli
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Fauriski Febrian Prapiska
- Department of Surgery Urology Division, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara – Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
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17
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Schleif WS, Sarasua SM, DeLuca JM. Preanalytic and Analytic Quality System Considerations in Noncoding RNA Biomarker Development for Clinical Diagnostics. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:172-182. [PMID: 37257182 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A frequent topic of biomedical research is the potential clinical use of non-coding (nc) RNAs as quantitative biomarkers for a broad spectrum of health and disease. However, ncRNA analyses have not been pressed into widespread diagnostic use. Strong preclinical evidence suggests obstacles in the translation and reproducibility of this type of biomarker which may result from preanalytical and analytical variation in the non-standardized processes used to collect, process, and store samples, as well as the substantive differences between small and long ncRNA. We performed a narrative review of selected literature, through the lens of key laboratory-developed test (LDT) regulations under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) in the United States, to study critical gaps in ncRNA validation studies. This review describes the leading candidate ncRNA subclasses, their biogenesis and cellular function, and identifies specific pre-analytical variables with disproportionate impact on testing performance. We summarize these findings with strategic recommendations to clinicians and biomedical scientists involved in the design, conduct, and translation of ncRNA biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Schleif
- Healthcare Genetics Program, School of Nursing, College of Health, Education, and Human Development, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Program in Pediatric Biospecimen Science, Johns Hopkins All Children's Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Sara M Sarasua
- Healthcare Genetics Program, School of Nursing, College of Health, Education, and Human Development, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jane M DeLuca
- Healthcare Genetics Program, School of Nursing, College of Health, Education, and Human Development, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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18
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Mytsyk Y, Nakonechnyi Y, Dosenko V, Kowal P, Pietrus M, Gazdikova K, Labudova M, Caprnda M, Prosecky R, Dragasek J, Kruzliak P, Dats R. The performance and limitations of PCA3, TMPRSS2:ERG, HOXC6 and DLX1 urinary markers combined in the improvement of prostate cancer diagnostics. Clin Biochem 2023; 116:120-127. [PMID: 37121562 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. To date, the role of the combined application of long non-coding RNAs (PCA3, DLX1, HOXC6, TMPRSS2:ERG) for obtaining the most accurate method of detection of PCa has not yet been comprehensively investigated. METHODS In total 240 persons were included in the retrospective study. Among them were 150 patients with confirmed PCa, 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 30 patients with active chronic prostatitis and 30 healthy volunteers. In all patients, the urine samples were collected prior to biopsy or treatment. Polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription was performed to detect the expression level of PCA3, HOXC6, DLX1 and the presence of the TMPRSS2:ERG transcript. RESULTS PCA3 was detected in urine samples in all cases. Using a PCA3 score of 56 allowed the differentiation between PCa and all other cases with a sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 96% (p<0.001) while a PCA3 score threshold value of 50 resulted in a differentiation between clinically significant PCa (ISUP grades 2-5) and all other cases with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 93% (p<0.001). The TMPRSS2:ERG expression in urine was detected exclusively in the group of patients with PCa and only in 16% of all cases. CONCLUSIONS PCA3 score detected in urine demonstrated moderate sensitivity and good specificity in differentiation between PCa and non-PCa and high sensitivity and specificity in differentiation between clinically significant PCa and non-PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Mytsyk
- Department of Urology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine
| | - Yosyf Nakonechnyi
- General and Molecular Pathophysiology Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor Dosenko
- Department of Urology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine
| | - Pawel Kowal
- Department of Urology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Pietrus
- Department of Urology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Labudova
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1(st) Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Prosecky
- 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, Masaryk University and St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- 1(st) Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Luis Pasteur University Hospital, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2(nd) Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Dats
- Department of Urology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine
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19
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Arriaga-Canon C, Contreras-Espinosa L, Aguilar-Villanueva S, Bargalló-Rocha E, García-Gordillo JA, Cabrera-Galeana P, Castro-Hernández C, Jiménez-Trejo F, Herrera LA. The Clinical Utility of lncRNAs and Their Application as Molecular Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087426. [PMID: 37108589 PMCID: PMC10138835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their tumor-specific and stage-specific gene expression, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have demonstrated to be potential molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. Particularly, the lncRNAs DSCAM-AS1 and GATA3-AS1 serve as examples of this because of their high subtype-specific expression profile in luminal B-like breast cancer. This makes them candidates to use as molecular biomarkers in clinical practice. However, lncRNA studies in breast cancer are limited in sample size and are restricted to the determination of their biological function, which represents an obstacle for its inclusion as molecular biomarkers of clinical utility. Nevertheless, due to their expression specificity among diseases, such as cancer, and their stability in body fluids, lncRNAs are promising molecular biomarkers that could improve the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of molecular techniques used in clinical diagnosis. The development of lncRNA-based diagnostics and lncRNA-based therapeutics will be useful in routine medical practice to improve patient clinical management and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura Contreras-Espinosa
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Sergio Aguilar-Villanueva
- Departamento de Tumores Mamarios, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Enrique Bargalló-Rocha
- Departamento de Tumores Mamarios, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - José Antonio García-Gordillo
- Departamento de Oncología Médica de Mama, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Paula Cabrera-Galeana
- Departamento de Oncología Médica de Mama, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | | | - L A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey C.P. 64710, Mexico
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20
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Wei C, Chen X, Ji J, Xu Y, He X, Zhang H, Mo Z, Wang F. Urinary exosomal prostate-specific antigen is a noninvasive biomarker to detect prostate cancer: Not only old wine in new bottles. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1719-1727. [PMID: 36454163 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed at evaluating the performance of urinary exosomal prostate-specific antigen (UE-PSA) to predict the results of initial prostate biopsies and discriminate clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥ 7, csPCa) from nonsignificant PCa (Gleason score < 7, nsPCa) plus benign patients. Two hundred seventy-two consecutive participants were admitted who underwent a prostate biopsy. The UE-PSA expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The predictive power and clinical value of UE-PSA was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA) and waterfall plots. UE-PSA was upregulated in PCa compared to benign patients (P < .001) and csPCa compared to nsPCa plus benign patients (P < .001). UE-PSA achieved an AUC of 0.953 (0.905-0.989) in distinguishing PCa from benign patients and an AUC of 0.879 (0.808-0.941) in predicting csPCa from nsPCa plus benign patients. These results were validated in an additional multicenter cohort. In addition, DCA showed that UE-PSA achieved the highest net benefit at almost any threshold probability compared to tPSA and %fPSA. As the waterfall plot showed, the UE-PSA assay could avoid 57.6% (155 cases) and 34.6% (93 cases) unnecessary biopsies while only missing 2.6% (7 cases) and 1.5% (4 cases) of the cases of csPCa at the cutoff value of 90% and 95% sensitivity, respectively. We validated that UE-PSA presented great diagnostic power and clinical utility to diagnose PCa and csPCa. UE-PSA could be a promising noninvasive biomarker to improve PCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Wei
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Urology, No. 971 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Ji
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalong Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing He
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fubo Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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21
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Singh VK, Kainat KM, Sharma PK. Crosstalk between epigenetics and tumor promoting androgen signaling in prostate cancer. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:253-282. [PMID: 36863797 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major health burdens among all cancer types in men globally. Early diagnosis and efficacious treatment options are highly warranted as far as the incidence of PCa is concerned. Androgen-dependent transcriptional activation of androgen receptor (AR) is central to the prostate tumorigenesis and therefore hormonal ablation therapy remains the first line of treatment for PCa in the clinics. However, the molecular signaling engaged in AR-dependent PCa initiation and progression is infrequent and diverse. Moreover, apart from the genomic changes, non-genomic changes such as epigenetic modifications have also been suggested as critical regulator of PCa development. Among the non-genomic mechanisms, various epigenetic changes such as histones modifications, chromatin methylation and noncoding RNAs regulations etc. play decisive role in the prostate tumorigenesis. Given that epigenetic modifications are reversible using pharmacological modifiers, various promising therapeutic approaches have been designed for the better management of PCa. In this chapter, we discuss the epigenetic control of tumor promoting AR signaling that underlies the mechanism of prostate tumorigenesis and progression. In addition, we have discussed the approaches and opportunities to develop novel epigenetic modifications based therapeutic strategies for targeting PCa including castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipendra Kumar Singh
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Lab, Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K M Kainat
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Lab, Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sharma
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Lab, Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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22
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Aprile M, Costa V, Cimmino A, Calin GA. Emerging role of oncogenic long noncoding RNA as cancer biomarkers. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:822-834. [PMID: 36082440 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The view of long noncoding RNAs as nonfunctional "garbage" has been definitely outdated by the large body of evidence indicating this class of ncRNAs as "golden junk", especially in precision oncology. Indeed, in light of their oncogenic role and the higher expression in multiple cancer types compared with paired adjacent tissues, the clinical interest for lncRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers has been rapidly increasing. The emergence of large-scale sequencing technologies, their subsequent diffusion even in small research and clinical centers, the technological advances for the detection of low-copy lncRNAs in body fluids, coupled to the huge reduction of operating costs, have nowadays made possible to rapidly and comprehensively profile them in multiple tumors and large cohorts. In this review, we first summarize some relevant data about the oncogenic role of well-studied lncRNAs having a clinical relevance. Then, we focus on the description of their potential use as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers, including an updated overview about licensed patents or clinical trials on lncRNAs in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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23
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Li Y, Wei C, Huang C, Ling Q, Zhang L, Huang S, Liao N, Liang W, Cheng J, Wang F, Mo L, Mo Z, Li L. Long noncoding RNA as a potential diagnostic tool for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomarkers 2023; 28:1-10. [PMID: 36323640 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2142293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify consistently expressed lncRNAs and suitable lncRNAs with high sensitivity and specificity from multiple independent studies as potential biomarkers for PCa diagnostics. METHODS We searched multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang, and CBMdisc for studies published up to July 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers based on the QUADAS-2 tool using Review Manager 5.3. A vote-counting method was used based on the ranking of potential molecular biomarkers. The top-ranked lncRNAs were further assessed for diagnostic value using Meta-disc version 1.4 software. RESULTS Among the 26 included studies, 2 circulating lncRNAs (PCA3 and MALAT-1) were reported 3 or more times in PCa patients versus non-PCa patients. In further analysis, the areas under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic curves for PCA3 and MALAT-1 distinguishing PCa patients were 0.775 and 0.771, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current evidence, PCA3 and MALAT-1 are reliable lncRNAs for the diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunmeng Wei
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Caihong Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiang Ling
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengzhu Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Naikai Liao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weixia Liang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fubo Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Linjian Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Longman Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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24
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Sabeena S. Role of noncoding RNAs with emphasis on long noncoding RNAs as cervical cancer biomarkers. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28525. [PMID: 36702772 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a significant public health problem in developing countries, as most cases present at an advanced stage. This review aimed to analyze the role of noncoding RNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cervical cancers. Published studies on specific microRNA signatures in body fluids and cervical cancer tissues are highly heterogeneous, and there are no validated assays. The precision of the various immune-associated long noncoding (lncRNA) signatures should be assessed in clinical samples. Even though lncRNAs are tissue and cancer-specific, safe and appropriate methods for delivery to tumor tissues, toxicities and side effects are to be explored. Few studies have evaluated deregulated lncRNA expression levels with clinicopathological factors in a limited number of clinical samples. Prospective studies assessing the diagnostic and prognostic roles of circulating lncRNAs and P-Element-induced wimpy testis interacting PIWI RNAs (Piwil RNAs) in cervical cancer cases are essential. For the clinical application of lnc-RNA-based biomarkers, comprehensive research is needed as the impact of noncoding transcripts on molecular pathways is complex. The standardization and validation of deregulated ncRNAs in noninvasive samples of cervical cancer cases are needed.
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25
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Gene-Transcript Expression in Urine Supernatant and Urine Cell-Sediment Are Different but Equally Useful for Detecting Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030789. [PMID: 36765747 PMCID: PMC9913640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in urine as a non-invasive liquid biopsy to detect prostate cancer (PCa). PCa-specific transcripts such as the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene can be found in both urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) and urine cell-sediment (Cell) but the relative usefulness of these and other genes in each fraction in PCa detection has not been fully elucidated. Urine samples from 76 men (PCa n = 40, non-cancer n = 36) were analysed by NanoString for 154 PCa-associated genes-probes, 11 tissue-specific, and six housekeeping. Comparison to qRT-PCR data for four genes (PCA3, OR51E2, FOLH1, and RPLP2) was strong (r = 0.51-0.95, Spearman p < 0.00001). Comparing EV to Cells, differential gene expression analysis found 57 gene-probes significantly more highly expressed in 100 ng of amplified cDNA products from the EV fraction, and 26 in Cells (p < 0.05; edgeR). Expression levels of prostate-specific genes (KLK2, KLK3) measured were ~20× higher in EVs, while PTPRC (white-blood Cells) was ~1000× higher in Cells. Boruta analysis identified 11 gene-probes as useful in detecting PCa: two were useful in both fractions (PCA3, HOXC6), five in EVs alone (GJB1, RPS10, TMPRSS2:ERG, ERG_Exons_4-5, HPN) and four from Cell (ERG_Exons_6-7, OR51E2, SPINK1, IMPDH2), suggesting that it is beneficial to fractionate whole urine prior to analysis. The five housekeeping genes were not significantly differentially expressed between PCa and non-cancer samples. Expression signatures from Cell, EV and combined data did not show evidence for one fraction providing superior information over the other.
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26
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Boehm BE, York ME, Petrovics G, Kohaar I, Chesnut GT. Biomarkers of Aggressive Prostate Cancer at Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032185. [PMID: 36768533 PMCID: PMC9916581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, prostate cancer (CaP) remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. CaP is predominantly indolent at diagnosis, with a small fraction (25-30%) representing an aggressive subtype (Gleason score 7-10) that is prone to metastatic progression. This fact, coupled with the criticism surrounding the role of prostate specific antigen in prostate cancer screening, demonstrates the current need for a biomarker(s) that can identify clinically significant CaP and avoid unnecessary biopsy procedures and psychological implications of being diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer. Although several diagnostic biomarkers are available to clinicians, very few comparative trials have been performed to assess the clinical effectiveness of these biomarkers. It is of note, however, that a majority of these clinical trials have been over-represented by men of Caucasian origin, despite the fact that African American men have a 1.7 times higher incidence and 2.1 times higher rate of mortality from prostate cancer. Biomarkers for CaP diagnosis based on the tissue of origin include urine-based gene expression assays (PCA3, Select MDx, ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore, Mi-Prostate Score, PCA3-PCGEM1 gene panel), blood-based protein biomarkers (4K, PHI), and tissue-based DNA biomarker (Confirm MDx). Another potential direction that has emerged to aid in the CaP diagnosis include multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI), which in conjunction with clinically validated biomarkers may provide a better approach to predict clinically significant CaP at diagnosis. In this review, we discuss some of the adjunctive biomarker tests along with newer imaging modalities that are currently available to help clinicians decide which patients are at risk of having high-grade CaP on prostate biopsy with the emphasis on clinical utility of the tests across African American (AA) and Caucasian (CA) men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock E. Boehm
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Monica E. York
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Science, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Indu Kohaar
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (G.T.C.)
| | - Gregory T. Chesnut
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (G.T.C.)
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27
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Jain G, Das P, Ranjan P, Neha, Valderrama F, Cieza-Borrella C. Urinary extracellular vesicles miRNA-A new era of prostate cancer biomarkers. Front Genet 2023; 14:1065757. [PMID: 36741322 PMCID: PMC9895092 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1065757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer worldwide showing the highest rates of incidence in Western Europe. Although the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen levels is the current gold standard in PCa diagnosis, PSA-based screening is not considered a reliable diagnosis and prognosis tool due to its lower sensitivity and poor predictive score which lead to a 22%-43% overdiagnosis, unnecessary biopsies, and over-treatment. These major limitations along with the heterogeneous nature of the disease have made PCa a very unappreciative subject for diagnostics, resulting in poor patient management; thus, it urges to identify and validate new reliable PCa biomarkers that can provide accurate information in regard to disease diagnosis and prognosis. Researchers have explored the analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), small proteins, genomic rearrangements, and gene expression in body fluids and non-solid tissues in search of lesser invasive yet efficient PCa biomarkers. Although the presence of miRNAs in body fluids like blood, urine, and saliva initially sparked great interest among the scientific community; their potential use as liquid biopsy biomarkers in PCa is still at a very nascent stage with respect to other well-established diagnostics and prognosis tools. Up to date, numerous studies have been conducted in search of PCa miRNA-based biomarkers in whole blood or blood serum; however, only a few studies have investigated their presence in urine samples of which less than two tens involve the detection of miRNAs in extracellular vesicles isolated from urine. In addition, there exists some discrepancy around the identification of miRNAs in PCa urine samples due to the diversity of the urine fractions that can be targeted for analysis such as urine circulating cells, cell-free fractions, and exosomes. In this review, we aim to discuss research output from the most recent studies involving the analysis of urinary EVs for the identification of miRNA-based PCa-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Jain
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India,*Correspondence: Garima Jain, ; Clara Cieza-Borrella,
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prashant Ranjan
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Neha
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ferran Valderrama
- Centre for Biomedical Education, Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Cieza-Borrella
- Centre for Biomedical Education, Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Garima Jain, ; Clara Cieza-Borrella,
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28
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Maroni P, Gomarasca M, Lombardi G. Long non-coding RNAs in bone metastasis: progresses and perspectives as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1156494. [PMID: 37143733 PMCID: PMC10153099 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1156494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In a precision medicine perspective, among the biomarkers potentially useful for early diagnosis of cancers, as well as to define their prognosis and eventually to identify novel and more effective therapeutic targets, there are the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The term lncRNA identifies a class of non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression that intervene at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic level. Metastasis is a natural evolution of some malignant tumours, frequently encountered in patients with advanced cancers. Onset and development of metastasis represents a detrimental event that worsen the patient's prognosis by profoundly influencing the quality of life and is responsible for the ominous progression of the disease. Due to the peculiar environment and the biomechanical properties, bone is a preferential site for the secondary growth of breast, prostate and lung cancers. Unfortunately, only palliative and pain therapies are currently available for patients with bone metastases, while no effective and definitive treatments are available. The understanding of pathophysiological basis of bone metastasis formation and progression, as well as the improvement in the clinical management of the patient, are central but challenging topics in basic research and clinical practice. The identification of new molecular species that may have a role as early hallmarks of the metastatic process could open the door to the definition of new, and more effective, therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Non-coding RNAs species and, particularly, lncRNAs are promising compounds in this setting, and their study may bring to the identification of relevant processes. In this review, we highlight the role of lncRNAs as emerging molecules in mediating the formation and development of bone metastases, as possible biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and as therapeutic targets to counteract cancer spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maroni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marta Gomarasca,
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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29
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Xu X, Liang Y, Gareev I, Liang Y, Liu R, Wang N, Yang G. LncRNA as potential biomarker and therapeutic target in glioma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:841-851. [PMID: 36331751 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most frequent type of malignant tumor in the central nervous system, accounting for about 80% of primary malignant brain tumors, usually with a poor prognosis. A number of studies have been conducted on the molecular abnormalities in glioma to further understand its pathogenesis, and it has been found that lncRNAs (long non-coding RNA) play a key role in angiogenesis, tumor growth, infiltration and metastasis of glioma. Since specific lncRNAs have an aberrant expression in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid as well as peripheral circulation of glioma patients, they are considered to be potential biomarkers. This review focuses on the biological characteristics of lncRNA and its value as a biomarker for glioma diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, in view of the role of lncRNAs in glioma proliferation and chemoradiotherapy resistance, we discussed the feasibility for lncRNAs as therapeutic targets. Finally, the persisting deficiencies and future prospects of using lncRNAs as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets were concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ilgiz Gareev
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia, 450008
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Kazemioula G, Mohammadi M, Hosseini M, Razaghi Bahabadi Z, Mirazimi MS, Abadi MHJN, Shahini A, Afshari M, Mirzaei H. Long non-coding RNAs and melanoma: From diagnosis to therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154232. [PMID: 36528985 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although extremely rare, malignant melanoma is the deadliest type of skin malignancy with the inherent capability to invade other organs and metastasize to distant tissues. In 2021, it was estimated that approximately 106,110 patients may have received the diagnosis of melanoma, with a mortality rate of 7180. Surgery remains the common choice for treatment in patients with melanoma. Despite many advances in the treatment of melanoma, some patients, such as those who have received cytotoxic chemotherapeutic and immunotherapic agents, a significant number of patients may show inadequate treatment response following initiating these treatments. Non-coding RNAs, including lncRNAs, have become recently popular and attracted the attention of many researchers to make new insights into the pathogenesis of many diseases, particularly malignancies. LncRNAs have been thoroughly investigated in multiple cancers such as melanoma and have been shown to play a major role in regulating various physiological and pathological cellular processes. Considering their core regulatory function, these non-coding RNAs may be appropriate candidates for melanoma patients' diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this review, we will cover all the current literature available for lncRNAs in melanoma and will discuss their potential benefits as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers or potent therapeutic targets in the treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Golnesa Kazemioula
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marjan Hosseini
- Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physic, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Razaghi Bahabadi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Mirazimi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynocology,Isfahan School of Medicine,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Shahini
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Afshari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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31
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Wang L, He W, Shi G, Zhao G, Cen Z, Xu F, Tian W, Zhao X, Mo C. Accuracy of novel urinary biomarker tests in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1048876. [PMID: 36457516 PMCID: PMC9706202 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1048876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to conduct a network meta-analysis comparing the diagnostic value of different urinary markers for prostate cancer.MethodsAs of June 2022, the literature was retrieved by searching Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases and other databases. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values was used to determine the most effective diagnostic method and the data were analyzed accordingly using data analysis software.ResultsA total of 16 articles was included including 9952 patients. The ranking results of network meta-analysis showed that the diagnostic performance of the four urine markers Selectmdx, MIPS, PCA3 and EPI was better than that of PSA. Among them, the specificity, positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Selectmdx ranked first in the SUCRA ranking (SUCRA values: 85.2%, 88.3%, 97.1%), and the sensitivity ranked second in the SUCRA ranking (SUCRA value: 54.4%), and the negative predictive value ranked fourth in SUCRA (SUCRA value: 51.6%). The most sensitive screening tool was MIPS (SUCRA value: 67.1%), and it was also the second screening tool ranked higher in specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy (SUCRA value: 56.5%, respectively)., 57.1%, 67.9%, 74.3%). The high negative predictive value SUCRA ranking is EPI (SUCRA value: 68.0%), its sensitivity ranks third (SUCRA value: 45.6%), and its specificity, positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy are ranked fourth (SUCRA values are: 45%, 38.2%, 35.8%).ConclusionAccording to the network ranking diagram, we finally concluded that Selectmdx and MIPS can be used as the most suitable urine markers for prostate cancer screening and diagnosis. To further explore the diagnostic value of different urinary markers in the screening of PCa patients.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202290094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leibo Wang
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Leibo Wang, ; Guanyu Shi,
| | - Wei He
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guanyu Shi
- Department of Urology, Fenggang County People’s Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Leibo Wang, ; Guanyu Shi,
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhuangding Cen
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wu Tian
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chishou Mo
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Chen Y, Zhang P, Liao J, Cheng J, Zhang Q, Li T, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Zeng Y, Mo L, Yan H, Liu D, Zhang Q, Zou C, Wei GH, Mo Z. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals cell type diversity of human prostate. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:1002-1015. [PMID: 35395421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extensive studies have been performed to describe the phenotypic changes occurring during malignant transformation of the prostate. However, the cell types and associated changes that contribute to the development of prostate diseases and cancer remain elusive, largely due to the heterogeneous composition of prostatic tissues. Here, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of four human prostate tissues by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze their cellular compositions. We identify 18 clusters of cell types, each with distinct gene expression profiles and unique features; of these, one cluster of epithelial cells (Ep) is found to be associated with immune function. In addition, we characterize a special cluster of fibroblasts and aberrant signaling changes associated with prostate cancer (PCa). Moreover, we provide insights into the epithelial changes that occur during the cellular senescence and aging. These results expand our understanding of the unique functional associations between the diverse prostatic cell types and the contributions of specific cell clusters to the malignant transformation of prostate tissues and PCa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Jinling Liao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tianyu Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Fangxing Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yanyu Zeng
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Linjian Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Haibiao Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qinyun Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Chunlin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Disease of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201114, China; Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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Zhang J, Wang H, Chen H, Li H, Xu P, Liu B, Zhang Q, Lv C, Song X. ATF3 -activated accelerating effect of LINC00941/lncIAPF on fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation by blocking autophagy depending on ELAVL1/HuR in pulmonary fibrosis. Autophagy 2022; 18:2636-2655. [PMID: 35427207 PMCID: PMC9629064 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2046448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by lung scarring and has no effective treatment. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and myofibroblast proliferation and migration are major clinical manifestations of this disease; hence, blocking these processes is a practical treatment strategy. Here, highly upregulated LINC00941/lncIAPF was found to accelerate pulmonary fibrosis by promoting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and myofibroblast proliferation and migration. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments elucidated that histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) activated the chromosome region opening in the LINC00941 promoter. As a consequence, the transcription factor ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) bound to this region, and LINC00941 transcription was enhanced. RNA affinity isolation, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNase-RIP, half-life analysis, and ubiquitination experiments unveiled that LINC00941 formed a RNA-protein complex with ELAVL1/HuR (ELAV like RNA binding protein 1) to exert its pro-fibrotic function. Dual-fluorescence mRFP-GFP-MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3) adenovirus monitoring technology, human autophagy RT2 profiler PCR array, and autophagic flux revealed that the LINC00941-ELAVL1 axis inhibited autophagosome fusion with a lysosome. ELAVL1 RIP-seq, RIP-PCR, mRNA stability, and rescue experiments showed that the LINC00941-ELAVL1 complex inhibited autophagy by controlling the stability of the target genes EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit), STAT1 (signal transducer and activators of transcription 1) and FOXK1 (forkhead box K1). Finally, the therapeutic effect of LINC00941 was confirmed in a mouse model and patients with IPF. This work provides a therapeutic target and a new effective therapeutic strategy related to autophagy for IPF.Abbreviations: ACTA2/a-SMA: actin alpha 2, smooth muscle; ATF3: activating transcription factor 3; ATG: autophagy related; Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; BLM: bleomycin; CDKN: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor; CLN3: CLN3 lysosomal/endosomal transmembrane protein, battenin; COL1A: collagen type I alpha; COL3A: collagen type III alpha; CXCR4: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4; DRAM2: DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 2; ELAVL1/HuR: ELAV like RNA binding protein 1; EZH2: enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit; FADD: Fas associated via death domain; FAP/FAPα: fibroblast activation protein alpha; FOXK1: forkhead box K1; FVC: forced vital capacity; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GABARAPL2: GABA type A receptor associated protein like 2; IGF1: insulin like growth factor 1; IPF: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; lncRNA: long noncoding RNA; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NPC1: NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; RGS: regulator of G protein signaling; RPLP0: ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P0; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; S100A4: S100 calcium binding protein A4; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STAT1: signal transducers and activators of transcription 1; TGFB1/TGF-β1: transforming growth factor beta 1; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; UIP: usual interstitial pneumonia; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VIM: vimentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China,Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Province, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Province, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Province, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Province, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Province, China,Changjun Lv Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Province, China,CONTACT Xiaodong Song Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai264003, Shandong, China
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Urinary PCA3 a Superior Diagnostic Biomarker for Prostate Cancer among Ghanaian Men. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1686991. [PMID: 36246565 PMCID: PMC9568348 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1686991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been the biomarker of choice for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, inefficiencies exist with its diagnostic capabilities. This study thus evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of urinary PCA3 as an alternative biomarker for prostate cancer in the Ghanaian population. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Urology Department of the 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana. A total of 237 participants aged 40 years and above with any form of suspected prostate disorder were recruited into the study after written informed consent was obtained. Total serum PSA levels was measured using the electrochemiluminescence method and transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic core needle biopsies were obtained from each study participant. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of serum PSA, DRE, and PCA3 as diagnostic tools for prostate cancer. These three diagnostic tools were also evaluated in various combinations to ascertain the combinations with the best diagnostic accuracy. Results. Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 26.6% of the participants. Benign prostate hyperplasia and prostatitis were diagnosed in 48.5% and 24.9% participants, respectively. DRE had a sensitivity of 93.7% and a specificity of 12.1%. PSA had a sensitivity of 92.1% and a specificity of 16.1%. PCA3 had a sensitivity of 57.1% and a specificity of 85.6% and showed a better accuracy (
) compared to PSA (
) and DRE (
) as individual diagnostic tools. The combination of DRE+PCA3 score had the best diagnostic accuracy (
) with a sensitivity and specificity of 60.3% and 80.5%, respectively. Conclusion. The urinary PCA3 assay showed a better diagnostic performance compared to serum PSA and DRE. PCA3 as a stand-alone and in combination with DRE could be a suitable complimentary marker in diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.
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The Crucial Role of AR-V7 in Enzalutamide-Resistance of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194877. [PMID: 36230800 PMCID: PMC9563243 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) has always been considered a key driver for triggering enzalutamide resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In recent years, both the homeostasis of AR-V7 protein and AR-V7’s relationship with LncRNAs have gained great attention with in-depth studies. Starting from protein stability and LncRNA, the paper discusses and summarizes the mechanisms and drugs that affect the CRPC patients’ sensitivity to enzalutamide by regulating the protein or transcriptional stability of AR-V7, hoping to provide therapeutic ideas for subsequent research to break through the CRPC therapeutic bottleneck. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) has the second highest incidence of malignancies occurring in men worldwide. The first-line therapy of PCa is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Nonetheless, most patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after being treated by ADT. As a second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, enzalutamide (ENZ) is the current mainstay of new endocrine therapies for CRPC in clinical use. However, almost all patients develop resistance during AR antagonist therapy due to various mechanisms. At present, ENZ resistance (ENZR) has become challenging in the clinical treatment of CRPC. AR splice variant 7 (AR-V7) refers to a ligand-independent and constitutively active variant of the AR and is considered a key driver of ENZR in CRPC. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and biological behaviors of AR-V7 in ENZR of CRPC to contribute novel insights for CRPC therapy.
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Onal B, Gultekin MH, Simsekoglu MF, Selcuk B, Gurbuz A. Biomarkers in Urological Cancers. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urological tumours have become one of the most common cancers in the
last decade. It is important to apply an approach that evaluates many factors related to
the patient and the disease carefully to minimize cancer-associated morbidity and
mortality. The clinical use of cancer biomarkers is a valuable part of the clinical
management of urological cancers. These biomarkers may lead to optimized detection,
treatment, and follow-up of urological cancers. With the development of molecular
research, newly developed biomarkers and next-generation sequencing have also
contributed to patient management. In this chapter, we will present biomarkers in the
most common urological cancers under subheadings of bladder cancer, prostate cancer,
kidney cancer, and testicular cancer. Additionally, due to the development that
occurred in the next-generation sequencing (NGS), all the above-mentioned
malignancies are evaluated with regard to NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Onal
- Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hamza Gultekin
- Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Fatih Simsekoglu
- Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berin Selcuk
- Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gurbuz
- Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa,
Istanbul, Turkey
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37
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Ding Y, Ge Y, Wang D, Liu Q, Sun S, Hua L, Deng J, Luan S, Cheng H, Xie Q, Gong Y, Zhang T. LncRNA-IMAT1 Promotes Invasion of Meningiomas by Suppressing KLF4/hsa-miR22-3p/Snai1 Pathway. Mol Cells 2022; 45:388-402. [PMID: 35680373 PMCID: PMC9200663 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant meningiomas often show invasive growth that makes complete tumor resection challenging, and they are more prone to recur after radical resection. Invasive meningioma associated transcript 1 (IMAT1) is a long noncoding RNA located on Homo sapiens chromosome 17 that was identified by our team based on absolute expression differences in invasive and non-invasive meningiomas. Our studies indicated that IMAT1 was highly expressed in invasive meningiomas compared with non-invasive meningiomas. In vitro studies showed that IMAT1 promoted meningioma cell invasion through the inactivation of the Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)/hsa-miR22-3p/Snai1 pathway by acting as a sponge for hsa-miR22-3p, and IMAT1 knockdown effectively restored the tumor suppressive properties of KLF4 by preserving its tumor suppressor pathway. In vivo experiments confirmed that IMAT1 silencing could significantly inhibit the growth of subcutaneous tumors and prolong the survival period of tumor-bearing mice. Our findings demonstrated that the high expression of IMAT1 is the inherent reason for the loss of the tumor suppressive properties of KLF4 during meningioma progression. Therefore, we believe that IMAT1 may be a potential biological marker and treatment target for meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yu Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Daijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shuchen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lingyang Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiaojiao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shihai Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Haixia Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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The promising role of new molecular biomarkers in prostate cancer: from coding and non-coding genes to artificial intelligence approaches. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:431-443. [PMID: 35422101 PMCID: PMC9385485 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Risk stratification or progression in prostate cancer is performed with the support of clinical-pathological data such as the sum of the Gleason score and serum levels PSA. For several decades, methods aimed at the early detection of prostate cancer have included the determination of PSA serum levels. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview about recent advances in the discovery of new molecular biomarkers through transcriptomics, genomics and artificial intelligence that are expected to improve clinical management of the prostate cancer patient. Methods An exhaustive search was conducted by Pubmed, Google Scholar and Connected Papers using keywords relating to the genetics, genomics and artificial intelligence in prostate cancer, it includes “biomarkers”, “non-coding RNAs”, “lncRNAs”, “microRNAs”, “repetitive sequence”, “prognosis”, “prediction”, “whole-genome sequencing”, “RNA-Seq”, “transcriptome”, “machine learning”, and “deep learning”. Results New advances, including the search for changes in novel biomarkers such as mRNAs, microRNAs, lncRNAs, and repetitive sequences, are expected to contribute to an earlier and accurate diagnosis for each patient in the context of precision medicine, thus improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients. We analyze several aspects that are relevant for prostate cancer including its new molecular markers associated with diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction to therapy and how bioinformatic approaches such as machine learning and deep learning can contribute to clinic. Furthermore, we also include current techniques that will allow an earlier diagnosis, such as Spatial Transcriptomics, Exome Sequencing, and Whole-Genome Sequencing. Conclusion Transcriptomic and genomic analysis have contributed to generate knowledge in the field of prostate carcinogenesis, new information about coding and non-coding genes as biomarkers has emerged. Synergies created by the implementation of artificial intelligence to analyze and understand sequencing data have allowed the development of clinical strategies that facilitate decision-making and improve personalized management in prostate cancer.
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Fletcher CE, Deng L, Orafidiya F, Yuan W, Lorentzen MPGS, Cyran OW, Varela-Carver A, Constantin TA, Leach DA, Dobbs FM, Figueiredo I, Gurel B, Parkes E, Bogdan D, Pereira RR, Zhao SG, Neeb A, Issa F, Hester J, Kudo H, Liu Y, Philippou Y, Bristow R, Knudsen K, Bryant RJ, Feng FY, Reed SH, Mills IG, de Bono J, Bevan CL. A non-coding RNA balancing act: miR-346-induced DNA damage is limited by the long non-coding RNA NORAD in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:82. [PMID: 35317841 PMCID: PMC8939142 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01540-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-346 was identified as an activator of Androgen Receptor (AR) signalling that associates with DNA damage response (DDR)-linked transcripts in prostate cancer (PC). We sought to delineate the impact of miR-346 on DNA damage, and its potential as a therapeutic agent. METHODS RNA-IP, RNA-seq, RNA-ISH, DNA fibre assays, in vivo xenograft studies and bioinformatics approaches were used alongside a novel method for amplification-free, single nucleotide-resolution genome-wide mapping of DNA breaks (INDUCE-seq). RESULTS miR-346 induces rapid and extensive DNA damage in PC cells - the first report of microRNA-induced DNA damage. Mechanistically, this is achieved through transcriptional hyperactivation, R-loop formation and replication stress, leading to checkpoint activation and cell cycle arrest. miR-346 also interacts with genome-protective lncRNA NORAD to disrupt its interaction with PUM2, leading to PUM2 stabilisation and its increased turnover of DNA damage response (DDR) transcripts. Confirming clinical relevance, NORAD expression and activity strongly correlate with poor PC clinical outcomes and increased DDR in biopsy RNA-seq studies. In contrast, miR-346 is associated with improved PC survival. INDUCE-seq reveals that miR-346-induced DSBs occur preferentially at binding sites of the most highly-transcriptionally active transcription factors in PC cells, including c-Myc, FOXA1, HOXB13, NKX3.1, and importantly, AR, resulting in target transcript downregulation. Further, RNA-seq reveals widespread miR-346 and shNORAD dysregulation of DNA damage, replication and cell cycle processes. NORAD drives target-directed miR decay (TDMD) of miR-346 as a novel genome protection mechanism: NORAD silencing increases mature miR-346 levels by several thousand-fold, and WT but not TDMD-mutant NORAD rescues miR-346-induced DNA damage. Importantly, miR-346 sensitises PC cells to DNA-damaging drugs including PARP inhibitor and chemotherapy, and induces tumour regression as a monotherapy in vivo, indicating that targeting miR-346:NORAD balance is a valid therapeutic strategy. CONCLUSIONS A balancing act between miR-346 and NORAD regulates DNA damage and repair in PC. miR-346 may be particularly effective as a therapeutic in the context of decreased NORAD observed in advanced PC, and in transcriptionally-hyperactive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Fletcher
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - L Deng
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F Orafidiya
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - W Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - M P G S Lorentzen
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - O W Cyran
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Varela-Carver
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T A Constantin
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D A Leach
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F M Dobbs
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
- Broken String Biosciences, Unit AB303, Level 3, BioData Innovation Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Figueiredo
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - B Gurel
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - E Parkes
- Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, London, UK
| | - D Bogdan
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - R R Pereira
- Translational Oncogenomics, Manchester Cancer Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S G Zhao
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A Neeb
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - F Issa
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Hester
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Kudo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y Liu
- Veracyte, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Y Philippou
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - R Bristow
- Translational Oncogenomics, Manchester Cancer Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - K Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- American Cancer Society and American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, Washington DC, USA
| | - R J Bryant
- Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, London, UK
| | - F Y Feng
- Departments of Urology and Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S H Reed
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - I G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J de Bono
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - C L Bevan
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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LncRNA Biomarkers of Inflammation and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1363:121-145. [PMID: 35220568 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92034-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are promising candidates as biomarkers of inflammation and cancer. LncRNAs have several properties that make them well-suited as molecular markers of disease: (1) many lncRNAs are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, (2) distinct lncRNAs are upregulated based on different inflammatory or oncogenic stimuli, (3) lncRNAs released from cells are packaged and protected in extracellular vesicles, and (4) circulating lncRNAs in the blood are detectable using various RNA sequencing approaches. Here we focus on the potential for lncRNA biomarkers to detect inflammation and cancer, highlighting key biological, technological, and analytical considerations that will help advance the development of lncRNA-based liquid biopsies.
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41
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Fan B, Zhang Q, Wang N, Wang G. LncRNAs, the Molecules Involved in Communications With Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:811374. [PMID: 35155247 PMCID: PMC8829571 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs) can actively self-renew, as well as having multidirectional differentiation and tumor regeneration abilities. Because the high functional activities of CRCSCs are associated with low cure rates in patients with colorectal cancer, efforts have sought to determine the function and regulatory mechanisms of CRCSCs. To date, however, the potential regulatory mechanisms of CRCSCs remain incompletely understood. Many non-coding genes are involved in tumor invasion and spread through their regulation of CRCSCs, with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) being important non-coding RNAs. LncRNAs may be involved in the colorectal cancer development and drug resistance through their regulation of CRCSCs. This review systematically evaluates the latest research on the ability of lncRNAs to regulate CRCSC signaling pathways and the involvement of these lncRNAs in colorectal cancer promotion and suppression. The regulatory network of lncRNAs in the CRCSC signaling pathway has been determined. Further analysis of the potential clinical applications of lncRNAs as novel clinical diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer may provide new ideas and protocols for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Fan
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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42
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A review on the role of PCA3 lncRNA in carcinogenesis with an especial focus on prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 231:153800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Moranova L, Stanik M, Hrstka R, Campuzano S, Bartosik M. Electrochemical LAMP-based assay for detection of RNA biomarkers in prostate cancer. Talanta 2022; 238:123064. [PMID: 34801892 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current molecular diagnostics of prostate cancer relies on detection of elevated levels of PSA protein in serum, but its specificity has been questioned due to its higher levels also in non-malignant prostate diseases. A long non-coding RNA biomarker, PCA3, demonstrated excellent specificity for prostate cancer, and thus has become an interesting alternative to PSA monitoring. Its detection utilizes mostly reverse transcription PCR with optical detection, making the protocol longer and more expensive. To avoid PCR, we have developed an electrochemical assay coupled with LAMP, an isothermal amplification technique showing high sensitivities at constant temperatures and shorter reaction times. We amplified PCA3 RNA as well as PSA mRNA (serving as a control), hybridized LAMP products on magnetic beads and measured them with chronoamperometry at carbon electrode chips. We show good sensitivity and specificity for both biomarkers in prostate cancer cell lines, and successful detection of PCA3 in clinical samples, i.e., urine samples from 11 prostate cancer patients and 7 healthy controls, where we obtained excellent correlation with clinical data. This is to our knowledge a first such attempt to apply electrochemistry to determine two RNA biomarkers directly in urine samples of prostate cancer patients in a minimally invasive diagnostics format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Moranova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Stanik
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Bartosik
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
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44
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Khawar MB, Hamid SE, Jan T, Abbasi MH, Idnan M, Sheikh N. Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential of long noncoding RNAs in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2311-2319. [PMID: 35072835 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are longer than 200 nucleotides in length and undergo splicing, capping, polyadenylation, and editing just like mRNA. Evidence is growing that they regulate transcription, splicing, RNA degradation, and translation of genes and that their expression has been linked to a variety of illnesses, including cancer. The advancement of next-generation and high-throughput sequencing has changed the way lncRNAs are identified and characterized, revealing a relationship between lncRNAs and several tumor types. Since then, they have gained a significant attraction as a promising candidate in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Furthermore, they are a good candidate for consideration as tumor biomarkers due to their high stability, better tissue/cell selectivity, aberrant expression in certain malignancies, and easy and noninvasive detection. In addition, lncRNAs are being examined as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for a variety of malignancies. This review highlights the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in light of the current progress, clinical investigations, and patents filed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Eisha Hamid
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyba Jan
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Idnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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45
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Li Y, Cheng Z, Fan H, Hao C, Yao W. Epigenetic Changes and Functions in Pneumoconiosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2523066. [PMID: 35096264 PMCID: PMC8794660 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2523066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pneumoconiosis is one of the most common occupational diseases in the world, and specific treatment methods of pneumoconiosis are lacking at present, so it carries great social and economic burdens. Pneumoconiosis, coronavirus disease 2019, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis all have similar typical pathological changes-pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix and remodeling of the lung tissue structure. Clarifying the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis plays an important guiding role in its treatment. The occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis are accompanied by epigenetic factors (e.g., DNA methylation and noncoding RNA) changes, which in turn can promote or inhibit the process of pneumoconiosis. Here, we summarize epigenetic changes and functions in the several kinds of evidence classification (epidemiological investigation, in vivo, and in vitro experiments) and main types of cells (macrophages, fibroblasts, and alveolar epithelial cells) to provide some clues for finding specific therapeutic targets for pneumoconiosis and even for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Cheng
- Department of Case Management, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Ultrasonography Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Child and Adolecence Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
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Frantzi M, Heidegger I, Roesch MC, Gomez-Gomez E, Steiner E, Vlahou A, Mullen W, Guler I, Merseburger AS, Mischak H, Culig Z. Validation of diagnostic nomograms based on CE-MS urinary biomarkers to detect clinically significant prostate cancer. World J Urol 2022; 40:2195-2203. [PMID: 35841414 PMCID: PMC9427869 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, one major issue in PCa research is to accurately distinguish between indolent and clinically significant (csPCa) to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment. In this study, we aim to validate the usefulness of diagnostic nomograms (DN) to detect csPCa, based on previously published urinary biomarkers. METHODS Capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry was employed to validate a previously published biomarker model based on 19 urinary peptides specific for csPCa. Added value of the 19-biomarker (BM) model was assessed in diagnostic nomograms including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density and the risk calculator from the European Randomized Study of Screening. For this purpose, urine samples from 147 PCa patients were collected prior to prostate biopsy and before performing digital rectal examination (DRE). The 19-BM score was estimated via a support vector machine-based software based on the pre-defined cutoff criterion of - 0.07. DNs were subsequently developed to assess added value of integrative diagnostics. RESULTS Independent validation of the 19-BM resulted in an 87% sensitivity and 65% specificity, with an AUC of 0.81, outperforming PSA (AUC PSA: 0.64), PSA density (AUC PSAD: 0.64) and ERSPC-3/4 risk calculator (0.67). Integration of 19-BM with the rest clinical variables into distinct DN, resulted in improved (AUC range: 0.82-0.88) but not significantly better performances over 19-BM alone. CONCLUSION 19-BM alone or upon integration with clinical variables into DN, might be useful for detecting csPCa by decreasing the number of biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Frantzi
- Department of Biomarker Research, Mosaiques Diagnostics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Experimental Urology Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marie C. Roesch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enrique Gomez-Gomez
- Urology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eberhard Steiner
- Experimental Urology Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ipek Guler
- Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre (L-BioStat), Katholiek Universiteit (KU) Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axel S. Merseburger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald Mischak
- Department of Biomarker Research, Mosaiques Diagnostics, Hannover, Germany ,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Farha MW, Salami SS. Biomarkers for prostate cancer detection and risk stratification. Ther Adv Urol 2022; 14:17562872221103988. [PMID: 35719272 PMCID: PMC9201356 DOI: 10.1177/17562872221103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, most
patients do not die from the disease. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), the most
widely used oncologic biomarker, has revolutionized screening and early
detection, resulting in reduced proportion of patients presenting with advanced
disease. However, given the inherent limitations of PSA, additional diagnostic
and prognostic tools are needed to facilitate early detection and accurate risk
stratification of disease. Serum, urine, and tissue-based biomarkers are
increasingly being incorporated into the clinical care paradigm, but there is
still a limited understanding of how to use them most effectively. In the
current article, we review test characteristics and clinical performance data
for both serum [4 K score, prostate health index (phi)] and urine [SelectMDx,
ExoDx Prostate Intelliscore, MyProstateScore (MPS), and PCa antigen 3 (PCA3)]
biomarkers to aid decisions regarding initial or repeat biopsies as well as
tissue-based biomarkers (Confirm MDx, Decipher, Oncotype Dx, and Polaris) aimed
at risk stratifying patients and identifying those patients most likely to
benefit from treatment versus surveillance or monotherapy
versus multi-modal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Farha
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simpa S Salami
- Department of Urology, Michigan Medicine, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., 7306 Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5948, USA
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Carlsson SV, Murata K, Danila DC, Lilja H. PSA: role in screening and monitoring patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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49
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Bae J, Yang SH, Kim A, Kim HG. RNA-based biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response monitoring of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:105.e1-105.e10. [PMID: 34952790 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract. The current recommendations for CaP diagnosis rely on the prostate-specific antigen levels and a digital rectal examination for anatomical abnormalities. However, these diagnostic tools are not highly sensitive. In particular, prostate-specific antigen has a low positive predictive value (approximately 30%). Thus, there is a need to develop biomarkers to improve the early clinical detection of CaP. Several novel technologies enable the identification of biomarkers from diverse sources, including the urine, serum, and prostate tissues. Furthermore, advances in genomic techniques have enabled the analysis of novel biomarkers, such as deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), ribonucleic acids (RNAs), proteins, and circulating tumor cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that RNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers for various cancers using high-throughput sequencing analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of RNA biomarkers are higher than those of protein biomarkers. Polymerase chain reaction enables the amplification of trace levels of RNAs with high sensitivity and specificity. RNA biomarkers provide dynamic insights into cellular states and regulatory processes when compared with DNA biomarkers. Additionally, multiple copies of various RNAs in a cell provide more information than DNA. The levels of specific RNAs in CaP tissues are upregulated when compared with those in non-cancerous tissues. Additionally, RNAs can be easily isolated from various body fluids. Thus, RNAs are potential non-invasive biomarkers for CaP. Moreover, the analysis of RNA levels adjusted for each stage of CaP enables the determination of prognostic individualized therapy for aggressive or progressive CaP. This review focused on the diagnostic and prognostic values of RNAs for CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeon Bae
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, KonKuk University Medical Center, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Kim
- Department of Urology, KonKuk University Medical Center, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Locus-Specific Methylation of GSTP1, RNF219, and KIAA1539 Genes with Single Molecule Resolution in Cell-Free DNA from Healthy Donors and Prostate Tumor Patients: Application in Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246234. [PMID: 34944854 PMCID: PMC8699300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, which is constantly accompanied by benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). To reach a 100% 5-year survival rate in PCa, which is characteristic for PCa if it is diagnosed in early stages, efficient PCa diagnostics against the background of BPH are demanded. The article describes a liquid biopsy approach to differential PCa diagnostics based on the data on locus-specific methylation of the three genes (GSTP1, RNF219, and KIAA1539) obtained with NGS of cell-free DNA from blood plasma of PCa, BPH, and healthy individuals. We offered a diagnostic approach including the analysis of simultaneous methylation status of two CpGs in one cell-free DNA molecule, allowing the discrimination of all patients with absolute sensitivity and specificity. Abstract The locus-specific methylation of three genes (GSTP1, RNF219, and KIAA1539 (also known as FAM214B)) in the blood plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of 20 patients with prostate cancer (PCa), 18 healthy donors (HDs), and 17 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was studied via the MiSeq platform. The methylation status of two CpGs within the same loci were used as the diagnostic feature for discriminating the patient groups. Many variables had good diagnostic characteristics, e.g., each of the variables GSTP1.C3.C9, GSTP1.C9, and GSTP1.C9.T17 demonstrated an 80% sensitivity at a 100% specificity for PCa patients vs. the others comparison. The analysis of RNF219 gene loci methylation allowed discriminating BPH patients with absolute sensitivity and specificity. The data on the methylation of the genes GSTP1 and RNF219 allowed discriminating PCa patients, as well as HDs, with absolute sensitivity and specificity. Thus, the data on the locus-specific methylation of cfDNA (with single-molecule resolution) combined with a diagnostic approach considering the simultaneous methylation of several CpGs in one locus enabled the discrimination of HD, BPH, and PCa patients.
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