1
|
Zhang X, Lin C, Hu H, Zhao W, Li G, Xia Y, Chen N. The Role and Mechanism of Ambra1-Mediated Mitophagy in TDCPP-Exposed Mouse Hippocampal Neurons. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2453-2468. [PMID: 38850437 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Tri(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCPP) is one of the most widely used organophosphorus flame retardants in consumer products. TDCPP has been confirmed to be neurotoxic, but its mechanism has not been clarified and may be related to mitophagy. AMBRA1 can promote neurological autophagy, but whether AMBRA1 is involved in the mechanism of TDCPP-induced neurotoxicity has not been elucidated. In this study, the optimal neuronal damage model was established by exposing mice hippocampal neurons to TDCPP. Furthermore, on the basis of this model, siRNA was used to knock down AMBRA1. Combined with qRT-PCR and Western blot techniques, we identified AMBRA1-mediated mitophagy-induced neuronal damage in vitro mechanism. The experimental results indicated that TDCPP treatment for 24 h led to a decrease in the cell viability of mouse hippocampal neurons, causing neuronal damage. Meanwhile, TDCPP exposure increased autophagy marker proteins p62 and LC3B, and down-regulated mitochondrial DNA ND1 damage and TOMM20 protein, suggesting that TDCPP exposure promoted mitophagy. In addition, TDCPP exposure led to changes in the expression of AMBRA1 and the key factors of mitophagy, FUNDC1, PINK1, and PARKIN, whereas mitophagy was inhibited after knockdown of AMBRA1. The research results indicated that exposure to TDCPP induced neuronal damage and promoted mitophagy. The mechanism may be that AMBRA1 promoted mitophagy in neuronal cells through the PARKIN-dependent/non-dependent pathway. This study revealed the toxic effects of TDCPP on the nervous system and its potential molecular mechanisms, which provided important clues for further understanding the mechanism of action of AMBAR1-mediated mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuzhi Lin
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengfang Hu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nengzhou Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krenzlin H, Wesp DMA, Korinek AAE, Ubbens H, Volland J, Masomi-Bornwasser J, Weber KJ, Mole D, Sommer C, Ringel F, Alessandri B, Keric N. Effects of Argon in the Acute Phase of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in an Endovascular Perforation Model in Rats. Neurocrit Care 2024:10.1007/s12028-024-02090-3. [PMID: 39174846 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-02090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Neuroprotective effects of the noble gas argon have been shown in animal models of ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of argon in the immediate early phase of SAH in a rat model. METHODS A total of 19 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. SAH was induced using a endovascular filament perforation model. Cerebral blood flow, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and body temperature were measured continuously. Group A received 2 h of ventilation by 50% argon/50% O2 (n = 7) immediately following SAH. Group B underwent a sham operation and was also ventilated by 50% argon/50% O2 (n = 6). Group C underwent SAH and 50% O2/50% N2 ventilation (n = 6). Preoperative and postoperative neurological and behavioral testing were performed. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the extent of brain injury and vasospasm. RESULTS The cerebral blood flow dropped in both treatment groups after SAH induction (SAH, 63.0 ± 11.6% of baseline; SAH + argon, 80.2 ± 8.2% of baseline). During SAH, MAP increased (135.2 ± 10.5%) compared with baseline values (85.8 ± 26.0 mm Hg) and normalized thereafter. MAP in both groups showed no significant differences (p = 0.3123). Immunohistochemical staining for neuronal nuclear antigen demonstrated a decrease of hippocampal immunoreactivity after SAH in the cornu ammonis region (CA) 1-3 compared with baseline hippocampal immunoreactivity (p = 0.0127). Animals in the argon-ventilated group showed less neuronal loss compared with untreated SAH animals (p < 0.0001). Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 staining showed a decreased accumulation after SAH + argon (CA1, 2.57 ± 2.35%; CA2, 1.89 ± 1.89%; CA3, 2.19 ± 1.99%; DG, 2.6 ± 2.24%) compared with untreated SAH animals (CA1, 5.48 ± 2.39%; CA2, 4.85 ± 4.06%; CA3, 4.22 ± 3.01%; dentate gyrus (DG), 3.82 ± 3.23%; p = 0.0007). The neuroscore assessment revealed no treatment benefit after SAH compared with baseline (p = 0.385). CONCLUSION In the present study, neuroprotective effects of argon occurred early after SAH. Because neurological deterioration was similar in the preadministration and absence of argon, it remains uncertain if neuroprotective effects translate in improved outcome over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Krenzlin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dominik M A Wesp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anika A E Korinek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henning Ubbens
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jakob Volland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Masomi-Bornwasser
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Mole
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens Sommer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Alessandri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Naureen Keric
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ge C, Chen Z, Sun H, Sun P, Zhao J, Wu Y, Xu J, Zhou M, Luan M. Visually evaluating drug efficacy in living cells using COF-based fluorescent nanoprobe via CHA amplified detection of miRNA and simultaneous apoptosis imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1302:342502. [PMID: 38580409 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Cancer is a highly fatal disease which is close relative of miRNA aberrant expression and apoptosis disorders. Elucidation of the therapeutic efficacy through investigating the changes in miRNA and apoptosis holds immense importance in advancing the development of miRNA-based precision therapy. However, it remains a challenge as how to visually evaluate the efficacy during protocol optimization of miRNA-based anticancer drugs at the cellular level. Therefore, exploring effective and noninvasive methods for real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy in living cells is of great significance. RESULTS Herein, we reported a novel fluorescent nanoprobe COF-H1/H2-Peptide for visually evaluating drug efficacy in living cells through amplified imaging of low-abundant miRNA-221 with catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) circle amplification, as well as simultaneous caspase-3 imaging. With strong stability and good biocompatibility, this newly fabricated amplified nanoprobe showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of miRNA-221 and caspase-3, and the limit of detection (LOD) of miRNA-221 was as low as 2.79 pM. The fluorescent imaging results showed that this amplified nanoprobe could not only detect caspase-3 in living cells, but also effectively detect low levels of miRNA-221 with increasing anticancer drug concentration and treatment time. The smart nanoprobe had effective performance for optimizing miRNA-based drug treatment schedules by dual-color fluorescence imaging. SIGNIFICANCE This nanoprobe combined CHA amplified detection of intracellular miRNA-221 and synchronous apoptosis imaging, with excellent sensitivity for the detection of cellular low-level miRNA, enabling the realization of real-time assessment of the efficacy of miRNA-based therapy in living cells. This work presents a promising approach for revealing the regulatory mechanisms between miRNAs and apoptosis in cancer occurrence, development, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Ge
- Institute for Functional Biomolecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Institute for Functional Biomolecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Heming Sun
- Institute for Functional Biomolecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Ping Sun
- Institute for Functional Biomolecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- Textile Industrial Products Testing Center of Nanjing Customs District, Wuxi, 214101, PR China
| | - Yanjuan Wu
- Institute for Functional Biomolecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute for Functional Biomolecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Institute for Functional Biomolecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China.
| | - Mingming Luan
- Institute for Functional Biomolecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morax L, Beck-Schimmer B, Neff J, Mueller M, Flury-Frei R, Schläpfer M. Sevoflurane Postconditioning Protects From an Early Neurological Deficit After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Results of a Randomized Laboratory Study in Rats. Anesth Analg 2024:00000539-990000000-00709. [PMID: 38259181 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with neurocognitive impairment. Recent data suggest that sevoflurane attenuates edema formation after SAH in rats. However, so far, no information is available about the long-term repair phase, nor if sevoflurane impacts functionality by increasing vascularity. This study tested whether sevoflurane postconditioning would improve long-term neurologic deficit through increased formation of new vessels close to the hemorrhage area. METHODS Fifty-three animals were subjected to SAH or sham surgery with or without a 2-hour sevoflurane postconditioning (versus propofol anesthesia). Animal survival, including dropout animals due to death or reaching termination criteria, as well as neurologic deficit, defined by the Garcia score, were assessed 2 hours after recovery until postoperative day 14. On day 14, blood samples and brain tissue were harvested. Vessel density was determined by the number of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31)-positive vessels, and activated glial cells by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes per field of view. RESULTS The survival rate for sham animals was 100%, 69% in the SAH-propofol and 92% in the SAH-sevoflurane groups. According to the log-rank Mantel-Cox test, survival curves were significantly different (P = .024). The short-term neurologic deficit was higher in SAH-propofol versus SAH-sevoflurane animals 2 hours after recovery and on postoperative day 1 (propofol versus sevoflurane: 14. 6 ± 3.4 vs 15. 9 ± 2.7 points, P = .034, and 16. 2 ± 3.5 vs 17. 8 ± 0.9 points, P = .015). Overall complete recovery from neurologic deficit was observed on day 7 in both SAH groups (18. 0 ± 0.0 vs 18. 0 ± 0.0 points, P = 1.000). Cortical vascular density increased to 80. 6 ± 15.0 vessels per field of view in SAH-propofol animals (vs 71. 4 ± 10.1 in SAH-sevoflurane, P < .001). Activation of glial cells, an indicator of neuroinflammation, was assessed by GFAP-positive astrocytes GFAP per field of view. Hippocampal GFAP-positive cells were 201 ± 68 vs 179 ± 84 cells per field of view in SAH-propofol versus SAH-sevoflurane animals (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane postconditioning improves survival by 23% (SAH-sevoflurane versus SAH-propofol). The sevoflurane intervention could attenuate the early neurologic deficit, while the long-term outcome was similar across the groups. A higher vascular density close to the SAH area in the propofol group was not associated with improved outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Morax
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Beck-Schimmer
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonah Neff
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Mueller
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renata Flury-Frei
- Department of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schläpfer
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chung S, Yi Y, Ullah I, Chung K, Park S, Lim J, Kim C, Pyun SH, Kim M, Kim D, Lee M, Rhim T, Lee SK. Systemic Treatment with Fas-Blocking Peptide Attenuates Apoptosis in Brain Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:661. [PMID: 38203830 PMCID: PMC10780202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in neuronal injury, with substantial evidence implicating Fas-mediated cell death as a key factor in ischemic strokes. To address this, inhibition of Fas-signaling has emerged as a promising strategy in preventing neuronal cell death and alleviating brain ischemia. However, the challenge of overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) hampers the effective delivery of therapeutic drugs to the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we employed a 30 amino acid-long leptin peptide to facilitate BBB penetration. By conjugating the leptin peptide with a Fas-blocking peptide (FBP) using polyethylene glycol (PEG), we achieved specific accumulation in the Fas-expressing infarction region of the brain following systemic administration. Notably, administration in leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice demonstrated that leptin facilitated the delivery of FBP peptide. We found that the systemic administration of leptin-PEG-FBP effectively inhibited Fas-mediated apoptosis in the ischemic region, resulting in a significant reduction of neuronal cell death, decreased infarct volumes, and accelerated recovery. Importantly, neither leptin nor PEG-FBP influenced apoptotic signaling in brain ischemia. Here, we demonstrate that the systemic delivery of leptin-PEG-FBP presents a promising and viable strategy for treating cerebral ischemic stroke. Our approach not only highlights the therapeutic potential but also emphasizes the importance of overcoming BBB challenges to advance treatments for neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Yujong Yi
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kunho Chung
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Jaeyeoung Lim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Chaeyeon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Seon-Hong Pyun
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Taiyoun Rhim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea (Y.Y.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Harris JP, Mietus CJ, Browne KD, Wofford KL, Keating CE, Brown DP, Johnson BN, Wolf JA, Smith DH, Cohen AS, Duda JE, Cullen DK. Neuronal somatic plasmalemmal permeability and dendritic beading caused by head rotational traumatic brain injury in pigs-An exploratory study. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1055455. [PMID: 37519631 PMCID: PMC10381956 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1055455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Closed-head traumatic brain injury (TBI) is induced by rapid motion of the head, resulting in diffuse strain fields throughout the brain. The injury mechanism(s), loading thresholds, and neuroanatomical distribution of affected cells remain poorly understood, especially in the gyrencephalic brain. We utilized a porcine model to explore the relationships between rapid head rotational acceleration-deceleration loading and immediate alterations in plasmalemmal permeability within cerebral cortex, sub-cortical white matter, and hippocampus. To assess plasmalemmal compromise, Lucifer yellow (LY), a small cell-impermeant dye, was delivered intraventricularly and diffused throughout the parenchyma prior to injury in animals euthanized at 15-min post-injury; other animals (not receiving LY) were survived to 8-h or 7-days. Plasmalemmal permeability preferentially occurred in neuronal somata and dendrites, but rarely in white matter axons. The burden of LY+ neurons increased based on head rotational kinematics, specifically maximum angular velocity, and was exacerbated by repeated TBI. In the cortex, LY+ cells were prominent in both the medial and lateral gyri. Neuronal membrane permeability was observed within the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, including morphological changes such as beading in dendrites. These changes correlated with reduced fiber volleys and synaptic current alterations at later timepoints in the hippocampus. Further histological observations found decreased NeuN immunoreactivity, increased mitochondrial fission, and caspase pathway activation in both LY+ and LY- cells, suggesting the presence of multiple injury phenotypes. This exploratory study suggests relationships between plasmalemmal disruptions in neuronal somata and dendrites within cortical and hippocampal gray matter as a primary response in closed-head rotational TBI and sets the stage for future, traditional hypothesis-testing experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P. Harris
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Constance J. Mietus
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin D. Browne
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Wofford
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carolyn E. Keating
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel P. Brown
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian N. Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John A. Wolf
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Douglas H. Smith
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Akiva S. Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John E. Duda
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Babkina AS, Yadgarov MY, Lyubomudrov MA, Ostrova IV, Volkov AV, Kuzovlev AN, Grechko AV, Golubev AM. Morphologic Findings in the Cerebral Cortex in COVID-19: Association of Microglial Changes with Clinical and Demographic Variables. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051407. [PMID: 37239078 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous interest in COVID-19, there is no clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neurological symptoms in COVID-19. Microglia have been hypothesized to be a potential mediator of the neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. In most existing studies to date, morphological changes in internal organs, including the brain, are considered in isolation from clinical data and defined as a consequence of COVID-19. We performed histological immunohistochemical (IHC) studies of brain autopsy materials of 18 patients who had died from COVID-19. We evaluated the relationship of microglial changes with the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients. The results revealed neuronal alterations and circulatory disturbances. We found an inverse correlation between the integral density Iba-1 (microglia/macrophage-specific marker) IHC staining and the duration of the disease (R = -0.81, p = 0.001), which may indicate a reduced activity of microglia and do not exclude their damage in the long-term course of COVID-19. The integral density of Iba-1 IHC staining was not associated with other clinical and demographic factors. We observed a significantly higher number of microglial cells in close contact with neurons in female patients, which confirms gender differences in the course of the disease, indicating the need to study the disease from the standpoint of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya S Babkina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ya Yadgarov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia
| | - Maxim A Lyubomudrov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia
| | - Irina V Ostrova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia
| | - Alexey V Volkov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Artem N Kuzovlev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia
| | - Arkady M Golubev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Idrissi SE, Fath N, Ibork H, Taghzouti K, Alamy M, Abboussi O. Restraint Stress Exacerbates Apoptosis in a 6-OHDA Animal Model of Parkinson Disease. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:166-176. [PMID: 36633788 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the apoptotic pathway has been associated with promoting neuronal cell death in the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD). Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which it may occur remain unclear. It has been suggested that stress-induced oxidation and potential apoptosis may play a major role in the progression of PD. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of subchronic restraint stress on striatal dopaminergic activity, iron, p53, caspase-3, and plasmatic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in male Wistar rat model of PD induced by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The obtained results showed that restraint stress exacerbates motor coordination deficits and anxiety in animals treated with 6-OHDA in comparison to animals receiving saline, and it had no effect on object recognition memory. On another hand, 6-OHDA decreased dopamine (DA) levels, increased iron accumulation, and induced overexpression of the pro-apoptotic factors caspase-3, p53, and AChE. More interestingly, post-lesion restraint stress exacerbated the expression of caspase-3 and AChE without affecting p53 expression. These findings suggest that subchronic stress may accentuate apoptosis and may contribute to DA neuronal loss in the striatal regions and possibly exacerbate the progression of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Idrissi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nada Fath
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind Ibork
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Alamy
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oualid Abboussi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen P, Lin MH, Li YX, Huang ZJ, Rong YY, Lin QS, Ye ZC. Bexarotene enhances astrocyte phagocytosis via ABCA1-mediated pathways in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114228. [PMID: 36108713 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Enhancing phagocytosis can facilitate the removal of inflammatory molecules, limit the toxicity of dead cells and debris, and promote recovery after brain injury. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of bexarotene (Bex), a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, in promoting astrocyte phagocytosis and neurobehavioral recovery after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS Mice SAH model was induced by pre-chiasmatic injection of blood. Modified Garcia score, novel object recognition, rotarod test, and Morris water maze were performed to assess neurological function. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were used to evaluate astrocyte phagocytosis in vivo. In addition, ABCA1/MEGF10&GULP1, the primary astrocyte phagocytosis pathway, were stimulated by Bex or suppressed by HX531 (a RXR antagonist) to evaluate their impacts on astrocyte phagocytosis and neurological recovery. RESULTS Astrocytes phagocytosis of blood components were observed in mice after SAH induction, which is further increased by Bex treatment. Bex dramatically attenuated neuroinflammation, reduced brain edema, improved early neurological performance and promoted neurocognitive recovery. Meanwhile, Bex decreased neurotoxic reactive astrocytes and preserved neurogenesis after SAH. Bex increased the expression of astrocyte phagocytosis-related proteins ABCA1, MEGF10, and GULP1. Bex also increased the lysosomal processing of engulfed blood components in astrocytes. Moreover, Bex significantly promoted astrocytes to phagocytize debris in vitro by increasing the expression of ABCA1, MEGF10 and GULP1, while HX531 inhibited astrocyte phagocytosis and decreased these protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Bex enhanced astrocyte phagocytosis through the ABCA1-mediated pathways, and promoted neurobehavior recovery in mice after SAH induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Mou-Hui Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yu-Xi Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yu-You Rong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Qing-Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Zu-Cheng Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Somatic copy number variant load in neurons of healthy controls and Alzheimer's disease patients. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:175. [PMID: 36451207 PMCID: PMC9714068 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible role of somatic copy number variations (CNVs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) aetiology has been controversial. Although cytogenetic studies suggested increased CNV loads in AD brains, a recent single-cell whole-genome sequencing (scWGS) experiment, studying frontal cortex brain samples, found no such evidence. Here we readdressed this issue using low-coverage scWGS on pyramidal neurons dissected via both laser capture microdissection (LCM) and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) across five brain regions: entorhinal cortex, temporal cortex, hippocampal CA1, hippocampal CA3, and the cerebellum. Among reliably detected somatic CNVs identified in 1301 cells obtained from the brains of 13 AD patients and 7 healthy controls, deletions were more frequent compared to duplications. Interestingly, we observed slightly higher frequencies of CNV events in cells from AD compared to similar numbers of cells from controls (4.1% vs. 1.4%, or 0.9% vs. 0.7%, using different filtering approaches), although the differences were not statistically significant. On the technical aspects, we observed that LCM-isolated cells show higher within-cell read depth variation compared to cells isolated with FACS. To reduce within-cell read depth variation, we proposed a principal component analysis-based denoising approach that significantly improves signal-to-noise ratios. Lastly, we showed that LCM-isolated neurons in AD harbour slightly more read depth variability than neurons of controls, which might be related to the reported hyperploid profiles of some AD-affected neurons.
Collapse
|
11
|
He Y, Hewett SJ. The Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter, System xc– Contributes to Cortical Infarction After Moderate but Not Severe Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:821036. [PMID: 35669109 PMCID: PMC9165760 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.821036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying ischemic brain injury is of importance to the goal of devising novel therapeutics for protection and/or recovery. Previous work in our laboratory and in others has shown that activation of cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xc– (Sxc–), facilitates neuronal injury in several in vitro models of energy deprivation. However, studies on the contribution of this antiporter to ischemic brain damage in vivo are more limited. Since embolic or thrombotic transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel eventually leads to brain infarction in most stroke cases, we evaluated the contribution of Sxc– to cerebral ischemic damage by comparing brain infarction between mice naturally null for SLC7a11 (SLC7a11sut/sut mice). The gene the encodes for the substrate specific light chain for system xcc– — with their wild type (SLC7a11 + / +)littermates following photothrombotic ischemic stroke of the middle cerebral artery (PTI) and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo) rendered by cauterization. In the PTI model, we found a time-dependent reduction in cerebral blood flow that reached 50% from baseline in both genotypes 47–48 h post-illumination. Despite this, a remarkable reduction in incidence and total infarct volume of SLC7a11sut/sut mice was revealed 48 h following PTI as compared to SLC7a11+/+ mice. No difference in injury markers and/or infarct volume was measured between genotypes when occlusion of the MCA was permanent, however. Present data demonstrate a model-dependent differential role for Sxc– in focal cerebral ischemic damage, further highlighting that ischemic severity activates heterogeneous biochemical events that lead to damage engendered by stroke.
Collapse
|
12
|
Karayel-Basar M, Uras I, Kiris I, Sahin B, Akgun E, Baykal AT. Spatial proteomic alterations detected via MALDI-MS imaging implicate neuronal loss in a Huntington's disease mouse (YAC128) brain. Mol Omics 2022; 18:336-347. [PMID: 35129568 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that occurs with the increase of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin gene. To understand the mechanisms of HD, powerful proteomics techniques, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were employed. However, one major drawback of these methods is loss of the region-specific quantitative information of the proteins due to analysis of total tissue lysates. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a MS-based label-free technique that works directly on tissue sections and gathers m/z values with their respective regional information. In this study, we established a data processing protocol that includes several software programs and methods to determine spatial protein alterations between the brain samples of a 12 month-old YAC128 HD mouse model and their non-transgenic littermates. 22 differentially expressed proteins were revealed with their respective regional information, and possible relationships of several proteins were discussed. As a validation of the MALDI-MSI analysis, a differentially expressed protein (GFAP) was verified using immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, since several proteins detected in this study have previously been associated with neuronal loss, neuronal loss in the cortical region was demonstrated using an anti-NeuN immunohistochemical staining method. In conclusion, the findings of this research have provided insights into the spatial proteomic changes between HD transgenic and non-transgenic littermates and therefore, we suggest that MALDI-MSI is a powerful technique to determine spatial proteomic alterations between biological samples, and the data processing that we present here can be employed as a complementary tool for the data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Karayel-Basar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irep Uras
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Kiris
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Sahin
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, R&D Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Akgun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
da Silva SC, da Silva Beggiora P, Catalão CHR, Dutra M, Matias Júnior I, Santos MV, Machado HR, da Silva Lopes L. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy associated with ventricular-subcutaneous shunt promotes neuroprotection in young hydrocephalic rats. Neuroscience 2022; 488:77-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
14
|
Sola E, Moyano P, Flores A, García J, García JM, Anadon MJ, Frejo MT, Pelayo A, de la Cabeza Fernandez M, Del Pino J. Cadmium-induced neurotoxic effects on rat basal forebrain cholinergic system through thyroid hormones disruption. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103791. [PMID: 34968718 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) single and repeated exposure produces cognitive dysfunctions. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) regulate cognitive functions. BFCN loss or cholinergic neurotransmission dysfunction leads to cognitive disabilities. Thyroid hormones (THs) maintain BFCN viability and functions, and Cd disrupts their levels. However, Cd-induced BFCN damages and THs disruption involvement was not studied. To research this we treated male Wistar rats intraperitoneally with Cd once (1 mg/kg) or repetitively for 28 days (0.1 mg/kg) with/without triiodothyronine (T3, 40 µg/kg/day). Cd increased thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) and decreased T3 and tetraiodothyronine (T4). Cd altered cholinergic transmission and induced a more pronounced neurodegeneration on BFCN, mediated partially by THs reduction. Additionally, Cd antagonized muscarinic 1 receptor (M1R), overexpressed acetylcholinesterase S variant (AChE-S), downregulated AChE-R, M2R, M3R and M4R, and reduced AChE and choline acetyltransferase activities through THs disruption. These results may assist to discover cadmium mechanisms that induce cognitive disabilities, revealing a new possible therapeutic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sola
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Moyano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Flores
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jimena García
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel García
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Anadon
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Frejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Pelayo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria de la Cabeza Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharnacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Del Pino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar SP, Babu PP. NADPH Oxidase: a Possible Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:800-820. [PMID: 34782951 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term cognitive impairment associated with seizure-induced hippocampal damage is the key feature of cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. One-fourth of child survivors of CM suffer from long-lasting neurological deficits and behavioral anomalies. However, mechanisms on hippocampal dysfunction are unclear. In this study, we elucidated whether gp91phox isoform of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) (a potent marker of oxidative stress) mediates hippocampal neuronal abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in experimental CM (ECM). Mice symptomatic to CM were rescue treated with artemether monotherapy (ARM) and in combination with apocynin (ARM + APO) adjunctive based on scores of Rapid Murine Come behavior Scale (RMCBS). After a 30-day survivability period, we performed Barnes maze, T-maze, and novel object recognition cognitive tests to evaluate working and reference memory in all the experimental groups except CM. Sensorimotor tests were conducted in all the cohorts to assess motor coordination. We performed Golgi-Cox staining to illustrate cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) pyramidal neuronal morphology and study overall hippocampal neuronal density changes. Further, expression of NOX2, NeuN (neuronal marker) in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus was determined using double immunofluorescence experiments in all the experimental groups. Mice administered with ARM monotherapy and APO adjunctive treatment exhibited similar survivability. The latter showed better locomotor and cognitive functions, reduced ROS levels, and hippocampal NOX2 immunoreactivity in ECM. Our results show a substantial increase in hippocampal NeuN immunoreactivity and dendritic arborization in ARM + APO cohorts compared to ARM-treated brain samples. Overall, our study suggests that overexpression of NOX2 could result in loss of hippocampal neuronal density and dendritic spines of CA1 neurons affecting the spatial working and reference memory during ECM. Notably, ARM + APO adjunctive therapy reversed the altered neuronal morphology and oxidative damage in hippocampal neurons restoring long-term cognitive functions after CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hoffe B, Mazurkiewicz A, Thomson H, Banton R, Piehler T, Petel OE, Holahan MR. Relating strain fields with microtubule changes in porcine cortical sulci following drop impact. J Biomech 2021; 128:110708. [PMID: 34492445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The biomechanical response of brain tissue to strain and the immediate neural outcomes are of fundamental importance in understanding mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The sensitivity of neural tissue to dynamic strain events and the resulting strain-induced changes are considered to be a primary factor in injury. Rodent models have been used extensively to investigate impact-induced injury. However, the lissencephalic structure is inconsistent with the human brain, which is gyrencephalic (convoluted structure), and differs considerably in strain field localization effects. Porcine brains have a similar structure to the human brain, containing a similar ratio of white-grey matter and gyrification in the cortex. In this study, coronal brain slabs were extracted from female pig brains within 2hrs of sacrifice. Slabs were implanted with neutral density radiopaque markers, sealed inside an elastomeric encasement, and dropped from 0.9 m onto a steel anvil. Particle tracking revealed elevated tensile strains in the sulcus. One hour after impact, decreased microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) was found exclusively within the sulcus with no increase in cell death. These results suggest that elevated tensile strain in the sulcus may result in compromised cytoskeleton, possibly indicating a vulnerability to pathological outcomes under the right circumstances. The results demonstrated that the observed changes were unrelated to shear strain loading of the tissues but were more sensitive to tensile load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Hoffe
- Departement of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Ashley Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hannah Thomson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Rohan Banton
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005-5066, United States
| | - Thuvan Piehler
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005-5066, United States
| | - Oren E Petel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Matthew R Holahan
- Departement of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effects of Sugammadex Following a Head Trauma in an Experimental Study. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:1260-1264. [PMID: 34690313 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT To compare the efficacy of mannitol, the first choice of treatment in daily clinical practice for head trauma, and sugammadex, a frequently used neuroanesthesia in recent years. A total of 35 male rats were randomly selected and were divided into 5 groups, each comprising 7 rats. The groups were divided into Group I, sham (n = 7); Group II, control (head trauma, n = 7); Group III, treated with mannitol (head trauma, mannitol 20% 1 g/kg, n = 7); Group IV, treated with sugammadex (head trauma, sugammadex 100 mg/kg, n = 7); and Group V, treated with mannitol and sugammadex (head trauma, mannitol 20% 1 g/kg and sugammadex 100 mg/kg, n = 7). After the sacrification, histological examination and immunohistochemical staining were performed in the brain of all subjects. Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the significance between neuronal density, neuronal nuclei, and activated caspase-3 immunohistochemistry results measured from the prefrontal cortex. Neuronal density showing neuronal viability was observed to significantly increase in Group III compared to Group IV. However, neuronal nuclei immunohistochemistry showing apoptotic neurons also significantly increased. The present study has shown that sugammadex, an agent reversing the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents, has neuroprotective effects and is as effective as mannitol.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lessard-Beaudoin M, M Gonzalez L, AlOtaibi M, Chouinard-Watkins R, Plourde M, Calon F, Graham RK. Diet enriched in omega-3 fatty acids alleviates olfactory system deficits in APOE4 transgenic mice. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7092-7108. [PMID: 34549475 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is observed in several neurological disorders including Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). These deficits occur early and correlate with global cognitive performance, depression and degeneration of olfactory regions in the brain. Despite extensive human studies, there has been little characterization of the olfactory system in models of AD. In order to determine if olfactory structural and/or molecular phenotypes are observed in a model expressing a genetic risk factor for AD, we assessed the olfactory bulb (OB) in APOE4 transgenic mice. A significant decrease in OB weight was observed at 12 months of age in APOE4 mice concurrent with inflammation and decreased NeuN expression. In order to determine if a diet rich in omega-3s may alleviate the olfactory system phenotypes observed, we assessed WT and APOE4 mice on a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) diet. APOE4 mice on a DHA diet did not present with atrophy of the OB, and the alterations in NeuN and IBA-1 expression were alleviated. Furthermore, alterations in caspase mRNA and protein expression in the APOE4 OB were not observed with a DHA diet. Similar to the human AD condition, OB atrophy is an early phenotype in the APOE4 mice and concurrent with inflammation. These data support a link between the structural olfactory brain region atrophy and the olfactory dysfunction observed in AD and suggest that inflammation and cell death pathways may contribute to the olfactory deficits observed. Furthermore, the results suggest that diets enriched in DHA may provide benefit to APOE4 allele carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lessard-Beaudoin
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura M Gonzalez
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Majed AlOtaibi
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rona K Graham
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de L'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Razavi Y, Keyhanfar F, Haghparast A, Shabani R, Mehdizadeh M. Cannabidiol promotes neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus during an abstinence period in rats following chronic exposure to methamphetamine. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1381-1390. [PMID: 34143376 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine (meth) abuse can lead to certain deficits in the hippocampal function by affecting the hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity. To determine whether cannabidiol (CBD) can promote proliferation and maturation of neuronal progenitor cells, this study investigated the CBD effect on neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) following chronic exposure to meth in rats. The rats received 2 mg/kg of meth twice a day for ten days. Next, immunofluorescence was performed to evaluate the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of CBD (50 μg/5 μL) over an abstinence period (ten days) on the expression levels of neurogenesis markers, such as Ki67, NeuN, and doublecortin (DCX). Moreover, neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus was assessed using Nissl staining. According to our findings, repeated ICV administration of CBD improved cell proliferation and neurogenesis and increased the number of Ki-67 and DCX-positive cells in the abstinence period. Meanwhile, meth treatment subjects caused a significant decrease in the number of neurogenesis makers, as compared to the control group. The neurogenesis markers (Ki-67 and DCX) could be somewhat reversed, while NeuN did not show any significant increase in the CBD group. Our findings demonstrated that CBD can induce neuroprotective effects by modulating neurogenesis. Therefore, it can provide a promising therapeutic approach to improve cognitive performance following chronic exposure to psychostimulant drugs, including meth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Razavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariborz Keyhanfar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Immunostaining for NeuN Does Not Show all Mature and Healthy Neurons in the Human and Pig Brain: Focus on the Hippocampus. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:e46-e56. [PMID: 33710124 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal nuclei (NeuN) is a neuron-specific nuclear protein, reported to be stably expressed in most postmitotic neurons of the vertebrate nervous system. Reduced staining has been interpreted by some to indicate loss of cell viability in human studies, while others suggest this may be because of changes in the antigenicity of the target epitope. Preliminary studies in our laboratory found low immunostaining for the NeuN antibody on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) human brain tissue. We report on the techniques and results used to enhance the staining for NeuN in that tissue. In parallel, we stained NeuN in piglet brain tissue, sourced from an experimental model where methodological parameters, including those for tissue fixation and storage, were tightly controlled. In human FFPE brain tissue, we were unable to enhance NeuN immunostaining to a degree sufficient for cell counting. In contrast, we found consistently high levels of staining in the piglet brain tissue. We conclude that processes used for fixation and storage of human FFPE brain tissue are responsible for the reduced staining. These results emphasize that a cautionary approach should be taken when interpreting NeuN staining outcomes in human FFPE brain tissue.
Collapse
|
21
|
Anderson MB, Das S, Miller KE. Subcellular localization of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) antigen in size and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) populations of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons during acute peripheral inflammation. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:135974. [PMID: 34146639 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudo-unipolar cell bodies of somatosensory primary neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The somatic and peripheral domains of DRG neurons are often studied in sensory pain research to understand molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of pain and maintenance of inflammation. Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) is an inflammatory model that elicits a robust and rapid onset immune response with a maximal swelling period of 24-48 h and persisting for several weeks. The AIA model in the hind paw of the rat elicits a potent inflammatory response of the dermis and epidermis, leading to protein expression changes for sensitization of many DRG neurons; however, it is unknown if the AIA model in the hind paw of the rat induces DRG neuronal injury, necrosis, or apoptosis at the somatic level. Neuronal nuclei (NeuN) antigen is a biomarker for post-mitotic neurons, neuronal identification, protein alterations, injury, and loss. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is expressed in C and Aδ DRG neurons, a subset of DRG neurons known to play a role in peripheral sensitization. The focus of this research was to evaluate the expression pattern of NeuN immunoreactivity, in size (soma) and CGRP subpopulations of DRG neurons in naïve and inflamed groups. Confirmed by both immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, DRG neuronal expression of NeuN was localized to nuclear and cytoplasmic subcellular compartments. NeuN increased within the nucleus of small CGRP positive DRG neurons during inflammation, indicating a potential role for NeuN in a subset of nociceptive neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Anderson
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Anatomy & Cell Biology (E-453/461), 1111 W 17th St, Tulsa OK, 74135, United States(1).
| | - Subhas Das
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Anatomy & Cell Biology (E-453/461), 1111 W 17th St, Tulsa OK, 74135, United States(1)
| | - Kenneth E Miller
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Anatomy & Cell Biology (E-453/461), 1111 W 17th St, Tulsa OK, 74135, United States(1)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kobayashi-Otsugu M, Orihara K, Nakajima E, Shearer TR, Azuma M. Activation of Cytosolic Calpain, Not Caspase, Is Underlying Mechanism for Hypoxic RGC Damage in Human Retinal Explants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:13. [PMID: 33156340 PMCID: PMC7671854 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.13.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Activation of proteolytic enzymes, calpains and caspases, have been observed in many models of retinal disease. We previously demonstrated calpain activation in monkey retinal explants cultured under hypoxia. However, cellular responses are often species-specific. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether calpains or caspase-3 was involved in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation in human retinal explants. The explant model was improved by use of an oxygen-controlled chamber. Methods Human and monkey retinal explants were cultured under hypoxic conditions in an oxygen-controlled chamber and then reoxygenated. Calpain inhibitor SNJ-1945 was maintained throughout the culture period. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed for calpains 1 and 2, calpastatin, α-spectrin, calpain-specific α-spectrin breakdown product at 150 kDa (SBDP150), caspase-3, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Propidium iodide (PI) staining measured membrane disruption, and TUNEL staining detected DNA fragmentation. Results Activation of calpains in nerve fibers and increases of PI-positive RGCs were observed in retinal explants incubated for 16-hour hypoxia/8-hour reoxygenation. Except for autolysis of calpain 2, SNJ-1945 ameliorated these changes. In longer incubations under 24-hour hypoxia/16-hour reoxygenation, TUNEL-positive cells appeared, although activated caspase-3 and truncated AIF were not observed. DNA fragmentation was inhibited by SNJ-1945. Conclusions An improved human retinal explant model showed that calpains, not caspase-3, were involved in cell damage induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. This finding could be relevant for patient treatment with a calpain inhibitor if calpain activation is documented in human retinal ischemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kobayashi-Otsugu
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Department of Integrative Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Kana Orihara
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Department of Integrative Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Emi Nakajima
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Department of Integrative Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Thomas R Shearer
- Department of Integrative Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Mitsuyoshi Azuma
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Department of Integrative Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Little PV, Arnberg F, Jussing E, Lu L, Ingemann Jensen A, Mitsios N, Mulder J, Tran TA, Holmin S. The cellular basis of increased PET hypoxia tracer uptake in focal cerebral ischemia with comparison between [ 18F]FMISO and [ 64Cu]CuATSM. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:617-629. [PMID: 32423333 PMCID: PMC7922752 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20923857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PET hypoxia imaging can assess tissue viability in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). [18F]FMISO is an established tracer but requires substantial accumulation time, limiting its use in hyperacute AIS. [64Cu]CuATSM requires less accumulation time and has shown promise as a hypoxia tracer. We compared these tracers in a M2-occlusion model (M2CAO) with preserved collateral blood flow. Rats underwent M2CAO and [18F]FMISO (n = 12) or [64Cu]CuATSM (n = 6) examinations. [64Cu]CuATSM animals were also examined with MRI. Pimonidazole was used as a surrogate for [18F]FMISO in an immunofluorescence analysis employed to profile levels of hypoxia in neurons (NeuN) and astrocytes (GFAP). There was increased [18F]FMISO uptake in the M2CAO cortex. No increase in [64Cu]CuATSM activity was found. The pimonidazole intensity of neurons and astrocytes was increased in hypoxic regions. The pimonidazole intensity ratio was higher in neurons than in astrocytes. In the majority of animals, immunofluorescence revealed a loss of astrocytes within the core of regions with increased pimonidazole uptake. We conclude that [18F]FMISO is superior to [64Cu]CuATSM in detecting hypoxia in AIS, consistent with an earlier study. [18F]FMISO may provide efficient diagnostic imaging beyond the hyperacute phase. Results do not provide encouragement for the use of [64Cu]CuATSM in experimental AIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip V Little
- The Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm Sweden
- The Department of Neuroradiology, BioClinicum, Karolinska
University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabian Arnberg
- The Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm Sweden
- The Department of Neuroradiology, BioClinicum, Karolinska
University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Jussing
- The Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm Sweden
- The Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital,
Stockholm, Sweden
- The Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm Sweden
| | - Li Lu
- The Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm Sweden
- The Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital,
Stockholm, Sweden
- The Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Nicholas Mitsios
- The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Mulder
- The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- The Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm Sweden
- The Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital,
Stockholm, Sweden
- The Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- The Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm Sweden
- The Department of Neuroradiology, BioClinicum, Karolinska
University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Seo WJ, Ahn JH, Lee TK, Kim B, Lee JC, Park JH, Yoo YH, Shin MC, Cho JH, Won MH, Park Y. High fat diet accelerates and exacerbates microgliosis and neuronal damage/death in the somatosensory cortex after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:28. [PMID: 32832423 PMCID: PMC7439675 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been known as an independent risk factor for stroke. Effects of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on neuronal damage in the somatosensory cortex of animal models of cerebral ischemia have not been studied yet. In this study, HFD-induced obesity was used to study the impact of obesity on neuronal damage/loss and microgliosis in the somatosensory cortex of a gerbil model of 5-min transient forebrain ischemia. We used gerbils fed normal diet (ND) and HFD and chronologically examined microgliosis (microglial cell activation) by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunohistochemistry. In addition, we examined neuronal damage or death by using neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN, a neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B (F-J B, a marker for neuronal degeneration) histofluorescence staining. We found that ischemia-induced microgliosis in ND-fed gerbils was increased from 2 days post-ischemia; however, ischemia-mediated microgliosis in HFD-fed gerbils increased from 1 day post-ischemia and more accelerated with time than that in the ND-fed gerbils. Ischemia-induced neuronal death/loss in the somatosensory cortex in the ND-fed gerbils was apparently found at 5 days post-ischemia. However, in the HFD-fed gerbils, neuronal death/loss was shown from 2 days post-ischemia and progressively exacerbated at 5 days post-ischemia. Our findings indicate that HFD can evoke earlier microgliosis and more detrimental neuronal death/loss in the somatosensory cortex after transient ischemia than ND evokes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Joo Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252 Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University-Gyeongju, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ho Yoo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Laroche M, Lessard-Beaudoin M, Garcia-Miralles M, Kreidy C, Peachey E, Leavitt BR, Pouladi MA, Graham RK. Early deficits in olfaction are associated with structural and molecular alterations in the olfactory system of a Huntington disease mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2134-2147. [PMID: 32436947 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction and altered neurogenesis are observed in several neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington disease (HD). These deficits occur early and correlate with a decline in global cognitive performance, depression and structural abnormalities of the olfactory system including the olfactory epithelium, bulb and cortices. However, the role of olfactory system dysfunction in the pathogenesis of HD remains poorly understood and the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are unknown. We show that deficits in odour identification, discrimination and memory occur in HD individuals. Assessment of the olfactory system in an HD murine model demonstrates structural abnormalities in the olfactory bulb (OB) and piriform cortex, the primary cortical recipient of OB projections. Furthermore, a decrease in piriform neuronal counts and altered expression levels of neuronal nuclei and tyrosine hydroxylase in the OB are observed in the YAC128 HD model. Similar to the human HD condition, olfactory dysfunction is an early phenotype in the YAC128 mice and concurrent with caspase activation in the murine HD OB. These data provide a link between the structural olfactory brain region atrophy and olfactory dysfunction in HD and suggest that cell proliferation and cell death pathways are compromised and may contribute to the olfactory deficits in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Laroche
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-IUGS de l'Estrie-CHUS, FMSS, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - M Lessard-Beaudoin
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-IUGS de l'Estrie-CHUS, FMSS, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - M Garcia-Miralles
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138632
| | - C Kreidy
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138632
| | - E Peachey
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - B R Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138632.,Departments of Medicine and Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | - R K Graham
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-IUGS de l'Estrie-CHUS, FMSS, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
He T, Itano MS, Earley LF, Hall NE, Riddick N, Samulski RJ, Li C. The Influence of Murine Genetic Background in Adeno-Associated Virus Transduction of the Mouse Brain. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2020; 30:169-181. [PMID: 31749390 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2019.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have become an important tool for delivering therapeutic genes for a wide range of neurological diseases. AAV serotypes possess differential cellular tropism in the central nervous system. Although several AAV serotypes or mutants have been reported to transduce the brain efficiently, conflicting data occur across studies with the use of various rodent strains from different genetic backgrounds. Herein, we performed a systematic comparison of the brain transduction properties among five AAV serotypes (AAV2, 5, 7, 8, and 9) in two common rodent strains (C57BL/6J and FVB/N), following local intrastriatal injection of AAV vectors encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) driven by the CBh promoter. Important differences were found regarding overall cellular tropism and transduction efficiency, including contralateral transduction among the AAV serotypes and between the mouse strains. We have further found loss of NeuN-immunoreactivity and microglial activation from AAV transduction in the different mouse strains. The important strain-specific differences from our study suggest that the genetic background of the mouse may affect AAV serotype transduction properties in the brain. These data can provide valuable information about how to choose an effective AAV vector for clinical application and interpret the data obtained from preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michelle S Itano
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lauriel F Earley
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nikita E Hall
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natallia Riddick
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - R Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chengwen Li
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Duan JX, Zheng MG, Mu SH, Tian DS, Xu XZ, He ZD, Zhang J. Transcranial direct current stimulation treated by multilead brain reflex instrument accelerates neural functional recovery in a rat model of stroke. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:571-579. [PMID: 32241216 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1750391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical research suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at bilateral supraorbital foramen and inferior orbital rim and nose intersections may facilitate rehabilitation after stroke. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of tDCS remain poorly understood, impeding its clinical application. Here, we investigated the effect of tDCS applied after stroke on neural cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Middle cerebral arterial occlusion (MCAO) reperfusion was induced in rats. Animals with comparable infarcts were randomly divided into MCAO group and MCAO + tDCS group. Recovery of neurological function was assessed behaviorally by modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Ischemic tissue damage verified histologically by TTC and HE staining. Immunohistochemical staining, real-time qPCR, and western blot were applied to determine the changes of neural cells in ischemic brains. RESULTS The results reveal that tDCS treated by multilead brain reflex instrument can promote the recovery of neurological function, remarkably reduce cerebral infarct volume, promote brain tissue rehabilitation, and can effectively inhibit astrocytosis and enhance neuronal survival and synaptic function in ischemic brains. CONCULSIONS Our study suggests that tDCS treated by multilead brain reflex instrument could be prospectively developed into a clinical treatment modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xiu Duan
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei-Ge Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shu-Hua Mu
- Psychology & Social College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Da-Sheng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen-Dan He
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Scimone MT, Cramer HC, Hopkins P, Estrada JB, Franck C. Application of mild hypothermia successfully mitigates neural injury in a 3D in-vitro model of traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229520. [PMID: 32236105 PMCID: PMC7112206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is an attractive target for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) treatment, yet significant gaps in our mechanistic understanding of TH, especially at the cellular level, remain and need to be addressed for significant forward progress to be made. Using a recently-established 3D in-vitro neural hydrogel model for mTBI we investigated the efficacy of TH after compressive impact injury and established critical treatment parameters including target cooling temperature, and time windows for application and maintenance of TH. Across four temperatures evaluated (31.5, 33, 35, and 37°C), 33°C was found to be most neuroprotective after 24 and 48 hours post-injury. Assessment of TH administration onset time and duration showed that TH should be administered within 4 hours post-injury and be maintained for at least 6 hours for achieving maximum viability. Cellular imaging showed TH reduced the percentage of cells positive for caspases 3/7 and increased the expression of calpastatin, an endogenous neuroprotectant. These findings provide significant new insight into the biological parameter space that renders TH effective in mitigating the deleterious effects of cellular mTBI and provides a quantitative foundation for the future development of animal and preclinical treatment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Scimone
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Harry C. Cramer
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Paul Hopkins
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Jonathan B. Estrada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan—Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Christian Franck
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Varga DP, Szabó Í, Varga VÉ, Menhyárt Á, M Tóth O, Kozma M, Bálint AR, Krizbai IA, Bari F, Farkas E. The antagonism of prostaglandin FP receptors inhibits the evolution of spreading depolarization in an experimental model of global forebrain ischemia. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 137:104780. [PMID: 31991249 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous, recurrent spreading depolarizations (SD) are increasingly more appreciated as a pathomechanism behind ischemic brain injuries. Although the prostaglandin F2α - FP receptor signaling pathway has been proposed to contribute to neurodegeneration, it has remained unexplored whether FP receptors are implicated in SD or the coupled cerebral blood flow (CBF) response. We set out here to test the hypothesis that FP receptor blockade may achieve neuroprotection by the inhibition of SD. Global forebrain ischemia/reperfusion was induced in anesthetized rats by the bilateral occlusion and later release of the common carotid arteries. An FP receptor antagonist (AL-8810; 1 mg/bwkg) or its vehicle were administered via the femoral vein 10 min later. Two open craniotomies on the right parietal bone served the elicitation of SD with 1 M KCl, and the acquisition of local field potential. CBF was monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging over the thinned parietal bone. Apoptosis and microglia activation, as well as FP receptor localization were evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The data demonstrate that the antagonism of FP receptors suppressed SD in the ischemic rat cerebral cortex and reduced the duration of recurrent SDs by facilitating repolarization. In parallel, FP receptor antagonism improved perfusion in the ischemic cerebral cortex, and attenuated hypoemic CBF responses associated with SD. Further, FP receptor antagonism appeared to restrain apoptotic cell death related to SD recurrence. In summary, the antagonism of FP receptors (located at the neuro-vascular unit, neurons, astrocytes and microglia) emerges as a promising approach to inhibit the evolution of SDs in cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel P Varga
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Írisz Szabó
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Viktória É Varga
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Ákos Menhyárt
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Orsolya M Tóth
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kozma
- Physiology and Pathology of the Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary
| | - Armand R Bálint
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Physiology and Pathology of the Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University; Revolutiei Blvd n°94, Arad 310025, Romania
| | - Ferenc Bari
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu M, Zhang D, Zhang X, Xu Q, Ma F, Zhang CY. Label-free and amplified detection of apoptosis-associated caspase activity using branched rolling circle amplification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5243-5246. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We develop a label-free fluorescence method for ultrasensitive detection of apoptosis-associated caspase activity based on branched rolling circle amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Xuechong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- P. R. China
| | - Qinfeng Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Ma
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhong X, Wu J, Ke W, Yu Y, Ji D, Kang J, Qiu J, Wang C, Yu P, Wei Y. Neonatal exposure to organophosphorus flame retardant TDCPP elicits neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampus via microglia-mediated inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:541-552. [PMID: 31894355 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is a phosphorus-based flame retardant common in consumer goods and baby products. Concerns have been raised about TDCPP exposure and neurodevelopmental toxicity. However, the mechanism and early response for TDCPP-induced neurotoxicity are poorly understood. This study investigates the role of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in TDCPP-induced neurotoxicity in mice and primary cells. TDCPP was administered to C57BL/6 pups (0, 5, or 50 mg/kg/day) via an oral gavage from postnatal days 10-38 (28 days). The results showed that TDCPP exposure for 28 days altered the gene expression of neuronal markers Tubb3, Nefh, and Nes, and led to apoptosis in the hippocampus. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors Il-1β, Tnfα and Ccl2 dose dependently increased in the hippocampus at both 24 h and 28 days following exposure, accompanied by microglia activation characterized by an amoeboid-like phenotype. In in vitro studies using the primary microglia isolated from neonatal mice, exposure to TDCPP (0-100 μM) for 24 h resulted in cellular activation. It also increased the expression of genes responsible for inflammatory responses including surface markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These changes occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. Neurite outgrowth of primary mouse hippocampal neurons was inhibited by treatment with the conditioned medium harvested from microglia exposed to TDCPP. These results reveal that neonatal exposure to TDCPP induces neuronal damage through microglia-mediated inflammation. This provides insight into the mechanism of TDCPP's neurodevelopmental toxicity, and suggests that microglial cell is a sensitive responder for OPFRs exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jingwei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weijian Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuejin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Di Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianmeng Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Can Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Panpan Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang YL, Liu M, Cheng X, Li WH, Zhang SS, Wang YH, Du GH. Myricitrin blocks activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways to protect nigrostriatum neuron in LPS-stimulated mice. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 337:577049. [PMID: 31526918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Myricitrin, a bioactive and natural flavonoids, is well known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the anti-neuroinflammation and possible mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study was to investigate the possible mechanism of its neuroprotection and anti-neuroinflammation in the nigrostriatum of LPS-stimulated mice. The results showed that myricitrin improved neuron injury and raised the expressions of PSD-95 protein and TH protein in the nigrostriatum of LPS-stimulated mice. In addition, myricitrin decreased the production of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα, decreased the level of chemokine MCP-1, and suppressed the expressions of COX-2 and iNOS. Meanwhile, myricitrin suppressed HMGB1, TLR4, and MyD88 expression in the nigrostriatum of LPS-stimulated mice. Furthermore, myricitrin inhibited NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways activated by LPS. In conclusion, our studies suggest that myricitrin blocks activation of protects NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways to nigrostiatum neuron from injury in LPS-stimulated mice and is beneficial to treatment nigrostriatum inflammation of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Man Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei-Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zaric M, Drakulic D, Dragic M, Gusevac Stojanovic I, Mitrovic N, Grkovic I, Martinovic J. Molecular Alterations and Effects of Acute Dehydroepiandrosterone Treatment Following Brief Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion: Relevance to Transient Ischemic Attack. Neuroscience 2019; 410:128-139. [PMID: 31095985 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) represents brief neurological dysfunction of vascular origin without detectable infarction. Despite major clinical relevance characterization of post-TIA molecular changes using appropriate experimental model is lacking and no therapeutic agent has been established yet. Neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) arose as one of the candidates for cerebral ischemia treatment but its effects on TIA-like condition remain unknown. Seeking an animal model applicable for investigation of molecular alterations in mild ischemic conditions such as TIA, 15-min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion with 24-h reperfusion was performed to induce ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury in adult male Wistar rats. Additionally, effects of 4-h post-operative DHEA treatment (20 mg/kg) were investigated in physiological and I/R conditions in hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The study revealed absence of sensorimotor deficits, cerebral infarcts and neurodegeneration along with preserved HIP and PFC overall neuronal morphology and unaltered malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione level following I/R and/or DHEA treatment. I/R induced nitric oxide burst in HIP and PFC was accompanied with increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein level exclusively in HIP. DHEA had no effects in physiological conditions, while increase of Bax/Bcl2 ratio and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential in treated I/R group suggested DHEA-mediated exacerbation of post-ischemic changes that might lead to pro-apoptotic events in HIP. Interestingly, DHEA restored I/R-induced NO to the control level in PFC. Obtained results indicated that I/R may serve as an appropriate model for investigation of molecular changes and treatment outcome following mild ischemic conditions such as TIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Zaric
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Dunja Drakulic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia; Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivana Gusevac Stojanovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Natasa Mitrovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivana Grkovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zappa Villar MF, López Hanotte J, Falomir Lockhart E, Trípodi LS, Morel GR, Reggiani PC. Intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induces impaired Barnes maze spatial memory and reduces astrocyte branching in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1787-1803. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
35
|
Nichols M, Pavlov EV, Robertson GS. Tamoxifen-induced knockdown of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter in Thy1-expressing neurons protects mice from hypoxic/ischemic brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:606. [PMID: 29789575 PMCID: PMC5964108 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) mediates high-capacity mitochondrial calcium uptake that stimulates energy production. However, excessive MCU activity can cause ischemic heart injury. To examine if the MCU is also involved in hypoxic/ischemic (HI) brain injury, we have generated conditional MCU knockout mice by tamoxifen (TMX) administration to adult MCU-floxed (MCUfl/fl) mice expressing a construct encoding Thy1-cre/ERT2-eYFP. Relative to TMX/Thy1-cre/ERT2-eYFP controls, HI-induced sensorimotor deficits, forebrain neuron loss and mitochondrial damage were decreased for conditional MCU knockout mice. MCU knockdown by siRNA-induced silencing in cortical neuron cultures also reduced cell death and mitochondrial respiratory deficits following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Furthermore, MCU silencing did not produce metabolic abnormalities in cortical neurons observed previously for global MCU nulls that increased reliance on glycolysis for energy production. Based on these findings, we propose that brain-penetrant MCU inhibitors have strong potential to be well-tolerated and highly-efficacious neuroprotectants for the acute management of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd Floor, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd Floor, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2. .,Department of Psychiatry, QEII Health Sciences Centre, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, 8th floor, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tanaka M, Ogaeri T, Samsonov M, Sokabe M. The 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Finasteride Exerts Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Brain Injury in Aged Male Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:67-77. [PMID: 29574659 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) exerts potent neuroprotection both in young and aged animal models of stroke. The neuroprotection is likely to be mediated by allopregnanolone (ALLO) metabolized from P4 by 5α-reductase, since the neuroprotection is attenuated by the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride, which was done only with young animals though. Thus, we do not know the contribution of ALLO to the P4-induced neuroprotection in aged animals. We examined effects of finasteride on the P4-induced neuroprotection in aged (16-18-month-old) male rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. MCAO rats were given an 8 mg/kg P4 6 h after MCAO followed by the same treatment once a day for successive 3 days. Finasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor, at 20 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected 30 min prior to the P4-injections. P4 markedly reduced neuronal damage 72 h after MCAO, and the P4-induced neuroprotection was apparently suppressed by finasteride in the aged animals. However, post-ischemic administration of finasteride alone (20 mg/kg) significantly prevented neuronal damage and the impairment of Rotarod performance after MCAO in aged male rats, but not in young ones. The androgen receptor antagonist flutamide markedly suppressed the neuroprotection of finasteride in the cerebral cortex, but not in the striatum, suggesting the androgen receptor-dependent mechanism of the finasteride-induced neuroprotection in the cerebral cortex. Our findings suggested, for the first time, the potential of finasteride as a therapeutic agent in post-ischemic treatment of strokes in aged population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Tanaka
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Takunori Ogaeri
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Virgili J, Lebbadi M, Tremblay C, St-Amour I, Pierrisnard C, Faucher-Genest A, Emond V, Julien C, Calon F. Characterization of a 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with the senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) background. Synapse 2018; 72. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Virgili
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Meryem Lebbadi
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Isabelle St-Amour
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Caroline Pierrisnard
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Audrey Faucher-Genest
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Vincent Emond
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Carl Julien
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Üçal M, Haindl MT, Adzemovic MZ, Strasser J, Theisl L, Zeitelhofer M, Kraitsy K, Ropele S, Schäfer U, Fazekas F, Hochmeister S. Widespread cortical demyelination of both hemispheres can be induced by injection of pro-inflammatory cytokines via an implanted catheter in the cortex of MOG-immunized rats. Exp Neurol 2017; 294:32-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
39
|
Kallendrusch S, Merz F, Bechmann I, Mayr SG, Zink M. Long-Term Tissue Culture of Adult Brain and Spleen Slices on Nanostructured Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28218503 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-term tissue culture of adult mammalian organs is a highly promising approach to bridge the gap between single cell cultures and animal experiments, and bears the potential to reduce in vivo studies. Novel biomimetic materials open up new possibilities to maintain the complex tissue structure in vitro; however, survival times of adult tissues ex vivo are still limited to a few days with established state-of-the-art techniques. Here, it is demonstrated that TiO2 nanotube scaffolds with specific tissue-tailored characteristics can serve as superior substrates for long-term adult brain and spleen tissue culture. High viability of the explants for at least two weeks is achieved and compared to tissues cultured on standard polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes. Histological and immunohistochemical staining and live imaging are used to investigate tissue condition after 5 and 14 d in vitro, while environmental scanning electron microscopy qualifies the interaction with the underlying scaffold. In contrast to tissues cultured on PTFE membranes, enhanced tissue morphology is detected in spleen slices, as well as minor cell death in neuronal tissue, both cultured on nanotube scaffolds. This novel biomimetic tissue model will prove to be useful to address fundamental biological and medical questions from tissue regeneration up to tumor progression and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kallendrusch
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Leipzig; Oststr. 25 04317 Leipzig Germany
| | - Felicitas Merz
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Leipzig; Oststr. 25 04317 Leipzig Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Leipzig; Oststr. 25 04317 Leipzig Germany
| | - Stefan G. Mayr
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Modification (IOM) e.V.; Permoser Str. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
- Division of Surface Physics; Department of Physics and Earth Sciences; University of Leipzig; 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Mareike Zink
- Soft Matter Physics Division; Institute for Experimental Physics 1; University of Leipzig; Linnéstr. 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Involvement of Normalized Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression in the Hippocampi in Antidepressant-Like Effects of Xiaoyaosan on Chronically Stressed Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1960584. [PMID: 28348623 PMCID: PMC5352892 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1960584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The research has only yielded a partial comprehension of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of XYS. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the effects of XYS on chronic unpredictable mild stress- (CUMS-) induced changes in the neuronal and the astrocytic markers in the mouse hippocampus. The physical states and depressive-like behaviors in mice with CUMS were recorded. The serum contents of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were measured. The protein and mRNA expressions and the immunoreactivities of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) in mouse hippocampus were detected using a Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. XYS treatment markedly improved the physical state and depressive-like behaviors in mice subjected to CUMS compared with the model group, and the serum contents of BDNF and GDNF were significantly upregulated. XYS treatment also elevated the protein and mRNA levels, as well as the immunoreactivity of GFAP in the hippocampus. However, CUMS did not influence NeuN expression. In conclusion, these results reveal that chronic administration of XYS elicits antidepressant-like effects in a mouse model of depression and may normalize glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the hippocampi of mice with CUMS.
Collapse
|
41
|
Erekat NS. Cerebellar Purkinje cells die by apoptosis in the shaker mutant rat. Brain Res 2017; 1657:323-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
42
|
González-Fernández C, Mancuso R, del Valle J, Navarro X, Rodríguez FJ. Wnt Signaling Alteration in the Spinal Cord of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Transgenic Mice: Special Focus on Frizzled-5 Cellular Expression Pattern. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155867. [PMID: 27192435 PMCID: PMC4871528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive paralysis due to degeneration of motor neurons by unknown causes. Recent evidence shows that Wnt signaling is involved in neurodegenerative processes, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. However, to date, little is known regarding the expression of Wnt signaling components in this fatal condition. In the present study we used transgenic SOD1G93A mice to evaluate the expression of several Wnt signaling components, with special focus on Frizzled-5 cellular expression alteration along disease progression. FINDINGS Based on previous studies demonstrating the expression of Wnts and their transcriptional regulation during Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis development, we have analyzed the mRNA expression of several Wnt signaling components in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A transgenic mice at different stages of the disease by using real time quantitative PCR analysis. Strikingly, one of the molecules that seemed not to be altered at mRNA level, Frizzled-5, showed a clear up-regulation at late stages in neurons, as evidenced by immunofluorescence assays. Moreover, increased Frizzled-5 appears to correlate with a decrease in NeuN signal in these cells, suggesting a correlation between neuronal affectation and the increased expression of this receptor. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest the involvement of Wnt signaling pathways in the pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and, more specifically, the implication of Frizzled-5 receptor in the response of neuronal cells against neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, further experimental studies are needed to shed light on the specific role of Frizzled-5 and the emerging but increasing Wnt family of proteins research field as a potential target for this neuropathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume del Valle
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Loewen JL, Barker-Haliski ML, Dahle EJ, White HS, Wilcox KS. Neuronal Injury, Gliosis, and Glial Proliferation in Two Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:366-78. [PMID: 26945036 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 30%-40% of epilepsy patients are refractory to therapy and animal models are useful for the identification of more efficacious therapeutic agents. Various well-characterized syndrome-specific models are needed to assess their relevance to human seizure disorders and their validity for testing potential therapies. The corneal kindled mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) allows for the rapid screening of investigational compounds, but there is a lack of information as to the specific inflammatory pathology in this model. Similarly, the Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model of TLE may prove to be useful for screening, but quantitative assessment of hippocampal pathology is also lacking. We used immunohistochemistry to characterize and quantitate acute neuronal injury and inflammatory features in dorsal CA1 and dentate gyrus regions and in the directly overlying posterior parietal cortex at 2 time points in each of these TLE models. Corneal kindled mice were observed to have astrogliosis, but not microgliosis or neuron cell death. In contrast, TMEV-injected mice had astrogliosis, microgliosis, neuron death, and astrocyte and microglial proliferation. Our results suggest that these 2 animal models might be appropriate for evaluation of distinct therapies for TLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaycie L Loewen
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Melissa L Barker-Haliski
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - E Jill Dahle
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - H Steve White
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karen S Wilcox
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang Y, Li H, Huang M, Huang M, Chu K, Xu W, Zhang S, Que J, Chen L. Paeoniflorin, a Monoterpene Glycoside, Protects the Brain from Cerebral Ischemic Injury via Inhibition of Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 43:543-57. [PMID: 25967667 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is a principal bioactive component, which exhibits many pharmacological effects, including protection against ischemic injury. This paper aimed to investigate the protective effect of PF both in vivo and in vitro. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat for 2 h, and different doses of PF or vehicle were administered 2 h after reperfusion. Rats were sacrificed after 7 days treatment of PF/vehicle. PF treatment for 7 days ameliorated MCAO-induced neurological deficit and decreased the infarct area. Further study demonstrated that PF inhibited the over-activation of astrocytes and apoptosis of neurons, and PF promoted up-regulation of neuronal specific marker neuron-specific nuclear (NeuN) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) in brain. Moreover, NMDA-induced neuron apoptosis was employed. The in vitro study revealed that PF treatment protected against NMDA-induced cell apoptosis and neuronal loss via up-regulation of neuronal specific marker NeuN, MAP-2 and Bcl-2 and the down-regulation Bax. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that PF produces its protective effect by inhibiting the over-activation of astrocytes, apoptosis of neurons and up-regulation of neuronal specific marker NeuN, MAP-2, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and down-regulation Bax. Our study reveals that PF may be a potential neuroprotective agent for stroke and can provide basic data for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Identification of the Avulsion-Injured Spinal Motoneurons. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:142-51. [PMID: 26025326 PMCID: PMC4543425 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In laboratory studies, counting the spinal motoneurons that survived axonal injury is a major method to estimate the severity and regenerative capacity of the injured motoneurons after the axonal injury and rehabilitation surgery. However, the typical motoneuron marker, the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), could not be detected in the injured motoneurons within the first 3–4 weeks postinjury. It is necessary to explore the useful and reliable specific phenotypic markers to assess the fate of injured motoneurons in axonal injury. Here, we used the fluorogold to retrograde trace the injured motoneurons in the spinal cord and studied the expression patterns of the alpha-motoneuron marker, the neuronal nuclei DNA-binding protein (NeuN) and the peripheral nerve injury marker, the activating transcriptional factor (ATF-3), and the oxidative stress marker, the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) within the first 4 weeks of the root avulsion of the right brachial plexus (BPRA) in the adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results showed that ATF-3 was rapidly induced and sustained to express only in the nuclei of the fluorogold-labeled injured motoneurons but none in the unaffected motoneurons from the 24 h of the injury; meanwhile, the NeuN almost disappeared in the avulsion-affected motoneurons within the first 4 weeks. The nNOS was not detected in the motoneurons until the second week of the injury. On the basis of the present data, we suggest that ATF-3 labels avulsion-injured motoneurons while NeuN and nNOS are poor markers within the first 4 weeks of BPRA.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lu Y, Li C, Zhou M, Luo P, Huang P, Tan J, Lu Q, Xu X, He Z, Guo L. Clonidine ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via up-regulation of the GABABR1 and GAD67 in hippocampal CA1 in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 132:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
47
|
Duan W, Zhang YP, Hou Z, Huang C, Zhu H, Zhang CQ, Yin Q. Novel Insights into NeuN: from Neuronal Marker to Splicing Regulator. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1637-1647. [PMID: 25680637 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal nuclei (NeuN) is a well-recognized "marker" that is detected exclusively in post-mitotic neurons and was initially identified through an immunological screen to produce neuron-specific antibodies. Immunostaining evidence indicates that NeuN is distributed in the nuclei of mature neurons in nearly all parts of the vertebrate nervous system. NeuN is highly conserved among species and is stably expressed during specific stages of development. Therefore, NeuN has been considered to be a reliable marker of mature neurons for the past two decades. However, this role has been challenged by recent studies indicating that NeuN staining is variable and even absent during certain diseases and specific physiological states. More importantly, despite the widespread use of the anti-NeuN antibody, the natural identity of the NeuN protein remained elusive for 17 years. NeuN was recently eventually identified as an epitope of Rbfox3, which is a novel member of the Rbfox1 family of splicing factors. This identification might provide a novel perspective on NeuN expression during both physiological and pathological conditions. This review summarizes the current progress on the biochemical identity and biological significance of NeuN and recommends caution when applying NeuN immunoreactivity as a definitive marker of mature neurons in certain diseases and specific physiological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,The Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pascoe MC, Howells DW, Crewther DP, Carey LM, Crewther SG. Fish oil supplementation associated with decreased cellular degeneration and increased cellular proliferation 6 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:153-64. [PMID: 25609971 PMCID: PMC4298295 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s72925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-LC-PUFAs) are both neuroprotective and have antidepressive effects. However the influence of dietary supplemented n-3-LC-PUFAs on inflammation-related cell death and proliferation after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo)-induced stroke is unknown. We have previously demonstrated that anxiety-like and hyperactive locomotor behaviors are reduced in n-3-LC-PUFA-fed MCAo animals. Thus in the present study, male hooded Wistar rats were exposed to MCAo or sham surgeries and examined behaviorally 6 weeks later, prior to euthanasia and examination of lesion size, cell death and proliferation in the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis region of the hippocampus of the ipsilesional hemispheres, and the thalamus of the ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres. Markers of cell genesis and cell degeneration in the hippocampus or thalamus of the ipsilesional hemisphere did not differ between surgery and diet groups 6 weeks post MCAo. Dietary supplementation with n-3-LC-PUFA decreased cell degeneration and increased cell proliferation in the thalamic region of the contralesional hemisphere. MCAo-associated cell degeneration in the hippocampus and thalamus positively correlated with anxiety-like and hyperactive locomotor behaviors previously reported in these animals. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory n-3-LC-PUFA supplementation appears to have cellular protective effects after MCAo in the rat, which may affect behavioral outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David W Howells
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Leeanne M Carey
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheila G Crewther
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang Y, Li H, Huang M, Chu K, Xu W, Zhang S, Que J, Chen L. Neuroprotective effects of Gualou Guizhi decoction in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:76-84. [PMID: 25456424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gualou Guizhi decoction (GLGZD) prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine has been reported to have protective effects on ischemic stroke. The present study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of GLGZD on ischemic stroke and explore its mode of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS GLGZD was studied on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion in vivo, as well as on hippocampal primary neuron cultures in vitro. RESULTS In vivo, it was shown that GLGZD treatment for 7 days could ameliorate transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced neurological deficit, histopathology changes and decrease infarct area. Further study demonstrated that GLGZD inhibited over-activation of astrocytes and apoptosis of neurons and GLGZD promoted up-regulation of neuronal specific marker neuron-specific nuclear (NeuN) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) in brain. Moreover, the in vitro study revealed that GLGZD treatment protected against NMDA-induced cell apoptosis and neuronal loss, and promoted up-regulation of neuronal specific marker NeuN. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present study demonstrates that GLGZD produces a protection in the MCAO model rats via inhibiting over-activation of astrocytes, apoptosis of neurons and up-regulation of neuronal specific marker NeuN and MAP-2. Our study reveals that GLGZD might be a potential neuroprotective agent for stroke and can provide basic data for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
| | - Huang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Mei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Kedan Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China.
| | | | - Jinhua Que
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Evaluation of neuronal apoptosis precursors in an experimental model of acute normovolemic hemodilution. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108366. [PMID: 25254661 PMCID: PMC4177928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of acute anemia on neuronal cells and the safe limits of hematocrit are not well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate neuronal pro- and anti-apoptotic Bax and Bcl-x proteins, caspase-3 and -9 activity, and DNA fragmentation after acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH). Methods Twenty-four pigs were anesthetized and randomized into 4 groups: Sham, ANH to 15% hematocrit (ANH15%), ANH to 10% hematocrit (ANH10%) and hypoxia (Hx). ANH was achieved by simultaneous blood withdrawal and hydroxyethyl starch infusion. Hx consisted of ventilation with a 6% inspired oxygen fraction for 60 minutes. Bax and Bcl-x proteins as well as DNA fragmentation were evaluated in cortical nuclear and mitochondrial fractions. Caspase-3 and -9 activity was evaluated in the cortical mitochondrial and hippocampal cytosolic fractions. The data were compared using analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Results No changes were observed in Bax protein expression after hemodilution in the ANH15% and ANH10% groups compared to the Sham group. Bax expression in the Hx group was increased in the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions compared to all other groups. No significant difference was observed in Bcl-x expression. Caspase-3 and -9 activity in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions was different in the Hx group compared to all other groups. No statistical significance in DNA fragmentation was found among the Sham, ANH15% or ANH10% groups. Conclusion ANH to 10 and 15% hematocrit did not induce alterations in apoptosis precursors, suggesting that cerebral oxygenation was preserved during these anemic states.
Collapse
|