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Argemí-Armengol I, Álvarez-Rodríguez J, Tor M, Salada L, Leite A, Vasconcelos L, Teixeira A, Rodrigues SSQ. A Preliminary Evaluation of Sex and Dietary Field Pea Effects on Sensory Characteristics of Dry-Cured Loins. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:739. [PMID: 38473124 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Two of the main issues related to cured meat products are castration to avoid boar taint and the hefty reliance on soybean meal to feed pigs. However, data on the effects of immunocastration in pigs and alternative crop protein feeds on the sensory traits and consumers' acceptance of dry-cured loin are still limited. A preliminary study was conducted on the effect of sex type (surgical castrated male pigs and immunocastrated male and female pigs, at approximately 140 kg in weight and 7 months of age) and animal diet (pea vs. soya) on dry-cured loins. The study involved a sensory evaluation of six treatments, with a 3 × 2 factorial design, conducted by trained panellists and untrained consumers in Spain (n = 126) and Portugal (n = 80). The consumers were also checked for their skatole sensitivity using a pure substance. The results showed that the pea-based diet was significantly different (p < 0.001) from the soy-based diet, as determined by a trained panel of surgically castrated male pigs, although the immunocastration treatments were not split. Dry-cured loin from immunocastrated male pigs fed with peas was considered tenderer and juicier (p < 0.05) than those fed soya-based diets. The untrained consumer panel scored higher on the sensory traits (flavour, juiciness, and overall liking) from the loin samples of surgically castrated male pigs fed a pea diet. All consumers scored similarly in boar taint detection. This study demonstrates the applicability of the pea-based diet for the feeding of pigs destined for cured meat and highlights immunocastration as a tool that does not compromise the skatole detection score.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Tor
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Salada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Leite
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lia Vasconcelos
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sandra Sofia Quinteiro Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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León L, Ortiz A, Ezquerro S, Tejerina D. NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy) classification of sliced Duroc dry-cured ham under various packaging systems and storage temperature and time. Meat Sci 2023; 206:109348. [PMID: 37778130 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was assessed for storage temperature discrimination (4 °C ± 2 vs. 20 °C ± 2) and for the prediction of the length of time that sliced Duroc dry-cured ham was in storage, considering the following packaging types; vacuum (n = 133) and modified atmosphere (MAP) (n = 133), without opening the package. The models, obtained by means of Partial least squares-discriminant analysis, indicated successful classification of the product according to storage temperature after validation (accuracy values of 100.00% in vacuum and between 92.00 and 100% in MAP). Furthermore, good accuracy was obtained for the assignments into storage times, with values comprised between 92.31% and 100.00% for samples under vacuum and between 91.00% and 97.00% for those under MAP, in both cases after validation. Thus, NIRS technology could help to support the preservation temperature traceability and the stocks of sliced dry-cured hams.
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Affiliation(s)
- L León
- Meat Quality area, Centre of Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Junta de Extremadura, Ctra, A-V, Km372, 06187 Guadajira, Spain
| | - A Ortiz
- Meat Quality area, Centre of Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Junta de Extremadura, Ctra, A-V, Km372, 06187 Guadajira, Spain.
| | - S Ezquerro
- Alejandro Miguel S.L., Ctra. Albelda, 1, 26190 Nalda, La Rioja, Spain
| | - D Tejerina
- Meat Quality area, Centre of Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Junta de Extremadura, Ctra, A-V, Km372, 06187 Guadajira, Spain
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Dos Santos JCR, Norenberg A, Correia B, Irgang R, Bianchi I, Moreira F, de Oliveira Júnior JM, Nörnberg JL, Peripolli V. Evaluation of different percentages of Duroc genes and gender on growth, carcass and meat quality traits for pigs. Meat Sci 2023; 205:109314. [PMID: 37607469 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different percentages of Duroc genes in crossbreeding (5, 50 and 100%), the gender (immunocastrated males - ICM and females) and their interaction was evaluated on growth, carcass and meat quality traits for pigs. Crossbreds (50% Duroc) had greater average daily feed intake, hot carcass weight and backfat thickness but lower meat yield when compared to 5% Duroc crossbreds and purebred (100% Duroc) animals (P < 0.05). Purebred (100% Duroc) animals had the lowest backfat thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness, and the greatest muscle depth and meat yield (P < 0.05). ICM animals had better feed conversion, greater average daily gain, hot carcass weight and amount of meat, and lower hot carcass yield, cold carcass weight, Longissimus thoracis depth, rib with belly and ham weights compared to females (P < 0.05). Marbling scores were greater in purebred (100%) animals (P < 0.05). The meat from 50% Duroc crossbreds and 100% Duroc purebred pigs was more reddish pink in color than 5% Duroc crossbreds (P < 0.05). Also, marbling scores were greater for females compared to ICM (P < 0.05). Purebred (100% Duroc) animals required more medications during production (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Empresa Pamplona Alimentos S/A, Rio do Sul, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriano Norenberg
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Empresa Pamplona Alimentos S/A, Rio do Sul, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna Correia
- Núcleo de Ensino, Extensão e Pesquisa em Produção Animal (NEPPA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan Bianchi
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Ensino, Extensão e Pesquisa em Produção Animal (NEPPA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Moreira
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Ensino, Extensão e Pesquisa em Produção Animal (NEPPA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | - Juahil Martins de Oliveira Júnior
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Ensino, Extensão e Pesquisa em Produção Animal (NEPPA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Peripolli
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Ensino, Extensão e Pesquisa em Produção Animal (NEPPA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil.
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Seo JK, Eom JU, Yang HS. Comparison between Berkshire and crossbreed on meat quality, and investigation of the relationship with fatty acid composition and meat quality. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:1081-1093. [PMID: 37969337 PMCID: PMC10640936 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare meat quality traits between Berkshire and crossbreed (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), and to investigate the relationship between meat quality traits and fatty acid composition. 20 Berkshire and 20 crossbreed pigs were used to compare pork loin quality and to determine the relationship between measured variables. 23 variables were measured including proximate composition, pH, drip loss and cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and fatty acid composition. Berkshire had higher moisture content, pH, water-holding capacity, saturated fatty acids, and redness than the crossbreed pig (p < 0.05). The fat content and polyunsaturated fatty acid were low (p < 0.05) in Berkshire. Correlation analysis showed a negatively correlation between moisture and fat content, and a positively correlation between saturated fatty acid and fat content. Moreover, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid were negatively correlated. As a result of factor analysis and partial least square regression, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid were estimated to be the main factors affecting quality characteristics of pork. Pig breed is associated with differences in meat quality, and fatty acid composition can have an effect on meat quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Jeong-Uk Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Han-Sul Yang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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5
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Zhu B, Gao H, Yang F, Li Y, Yang Q, Liao Y, Guo H, Xu K, Tang Z, Gao N, Zhang Y, He J. Comparative Characterization of Volatile Compounds of Ningxiang Pig, Duroc and Their Crosses (Duroc × Ningxiang) by Using SPME-GC-MS. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051059. [PMID: 36900576 PMCID: PMC10001212 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim to study the flavor characteristics of Ningxiang pigs (NX), Duroc (DC) pigs, and their crosses (Duroc × Ningxiang, DN), electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis were used to detect the volatile flavor substances in NX, DC, and DN (n = 34 pigs per population). A total of 120 volatile substances were detected in the three populations, of which 18 substances were common. Aldehydes were the main volatile substances in the three populations. Further analysis revealed that tetradecanal, 2-undecenal, and nonanal were the main aldehyde substances in the three kinds of pork, and the relative content of benzaldehyde in the three populations had significant differences. The flavor substances of DN were similar to that of NX and showed certain heterosis in flavor substances. These results provide a theoretical basis for the study of flavor substances of China local pig breeds and new ideas for pig breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqiang Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hu Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiaoyue Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yinchang Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haimin Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism, The Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tang
- Ningxiang Animal Husbandry and Fishery Affairs Center, Ningxiang 410600, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuebo Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence:
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Royall RQ, Goodband RD, Tokach MD, DeRouchey JM, Woodworth JC, Gebhardt JT. Effects of standardized ileal digestible lysine level on growth performance and economic return for 18 to 128 kg Duroc-sired pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac103. [DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The recent shift of the U.S. swine industry toward improved pork quality, such as color, marbling, and firmness, has led to increased use of Duroc-sired pigs in the marketplace. Our objective was to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys requirement estimates for Duroc-sired (600 × 241, DNA, Columbus, NE) pigs from 18 to 128 kg BW. We conducted a series of experiments using corn–soybean meal-based diets with pigs allotted to 6 or 7 treatments in randomized complete block designs. In all experiments an equal number of barrows and gilts were used within a pen. In experiment 1, 300 pigs (initially 18.4 ± 0.50 kg) were used with 5 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment with 6 SID Lys levels from 1.00% to 1.50%. Increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P < 0.040) final BW, ADG, G:F, and Lys intake/kg of gain, and decreased (linear, P = 0.012) ADFI. In experiment 2, 608 pigs (initially 36.3 ± 0.91 kg) were used with 7 to 9 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment with 6 SID Lys levels from 0.80% to 1.20%. Increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P ≤ 0.036) ADG, G:F, and Lys intake/kg of gain. In experiment 3, 700 pigs (initially 53.2 ± 0.86 kg) were used with 8 to 10 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment with 6 SID Lys levels from 0.65% to 1.00%. Increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P < 0.001) final BW, ADG, and Lys intake/kg of gain, decreased (quadratic, P = 0.004) ADFI, and improved (quadratic, P < 0.001) G:F. In experiment 4, 616 pigs (initially 76.4 ± 1.25 kg) were used with 8 to 10 pigs per pen and 5, 6, or 11 pens per treatment with 7 SID Lys levels from 0.58% to 1.00%. Increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P ≤ 0.022) ADG, Lys intake per kilogram of gain, and G:F. In experiment 5, 679 pigs (initially 103.8 ± 1.32 kg) were used with 8 to 10 pigs per pen and 11 or 12 pens per treatment with 6 SID Lys levels from 0.43% to 0.78%. Increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P ≤ 0.043) final BW, ADG, and Lys intake per kilogram of gain, and improved (quadratic, P ≤ 0.032) G:F. Using results from all experiments, the quadratic equation of Lys:calorie ratio, g of SID Lys/Mcal of NE = 0.0002611 × BW2 – 0.0711037 × BW + 7.284 was developed to reflect the requirement for maximal growth performance from 18 to 128 kg BW. Maximal income over feed cost (IOFC) is best described by the quadratic equation: Lys:calorie ratio, g of SID Lys/Mcal of NE = 0.0001558 × BW2 − 0.04030769 × BW + 5.410. These data provide updated SID Lys estimates for Duroc-sired grow-finish pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafe Q Royall
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture , Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201 , USA
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture , Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201 , USA
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture , Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201 , USA
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture , Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201 , USA
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture , Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201 , USA
| | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS, 66506-0201 , USA
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Ilic J, Tomasevic I, Djekic I. Influence of boiling, grilling, and sous-vide on mastication, bolus formation, and dynamic sensory perception of wild boar ham. Meat Sci 2022; 188:108805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Becker LL, Scholtz EE, DeRouchey JM, Tokach MD, Woodworth JC, Goodband RD, De Jong JA, Wu F, Berg KM, Ward JP, Neill CR, Gebhardt JT. Effects of standardized ileal digestible lysine on growth performance and economic return in duroc-sired finishing pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac069. [PMID: 35734555 PMCID: PMC9206717 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the U.S., emphasis has shifted towards improved pork quality and has resulted in greater use of Duroc-based terminal sires. Duroc sires have differences in ADG, ADFI, G:F, and carcass leanness compared to other sires. Therefore, our objective was to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys estimates for Duroc-based sired finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 2,124 pigs (DNA 600 × PIC 1050, initially 48.9 kg) were used with 24 to 27 pigs per pen and 16 pens per treatment. Corn-soybean meal-based diets were fed in 3 phases (49 to 59, 59 to 71, and 71 to 81 kg). Pens were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments based as a percentage of PIC (2016) SID Lys estimates for gilts (85, 95, 103, 110, and 120%). Phase 1 diets were formulated to 0.90, 1.01, 1.09, 1.17 and 1.27%, phase 2 to 0.79, 0.87, 0.94, 1.03, and 1.10%, and phase 3 to 0.71, 0.78, 0.85, 0.92, and 0.99% SID Lys. Increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P < 0.001) ADG and Lys intake/kg of gain. A marginally significant improvement (quadratic, P = 0.071) in G:F was observed as SID Lys increased. Feed cost, feed cost/kg of gain, revenue (linear, P < 0.01) and income over feed cost (IOFC) increased (quadratic, P = 0.045) with increasing SID Lys. In Exp. 2, 2,099 pigs (DNA 600 × PIC 1050, initially 90.1 kg) were used with 24 to 27 pigs per pen and 20 pens per treatment. Corn-soybean meal-based diets were fed in 2 phases (90 to 106 and 106 to 136 kg). Pens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments based as a percentage of PIC (2016) SID Lys estimates for gilts (85, 93, 100, and 110%). Phase 1 diets were formulated to 0.65, 0.71, 0.77, and 0.84% and phase 2 to 0.60, 0.66, 0.71, and 0.78% SID Lys. Overall, increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P < 0.05) G:F, Lys intake/kg of gain, live weight and HCW, and increased (quadratic, P = 0.020) ADG. Feed cost (linear, P < 0.01), revenue, and IOFC increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.053) with increasing SID Lys. In conclusion, the SID Lys estimate for growth and IOFC was 1.19% or 4.63 g SID Lys/Mcal of NE, 1.05% or 4.04 g SID Lys/Mcal of NE, and 0.94% or 3.58 g SID Lys/Mcal of NE for pigs weighing 49 to 59 kg, 59 to 71 kg, and 71 to 81 kg, respectively. The SID Lys estimate for late finishing pigs was 0.74 to 0.81% or 2.85 to 3.10 g SID Lys/Mcal of NE, and 0.69 to 0.75% or 2.61 to 2.84 g SID Lys/Mcal of NE, for 90 to 106 kg and 106 to 136 kg pigs, respectively. These data provide SID Lys estimates for current Duroc-sired genetic lines raised in a commercial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L Becker
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University
| | | | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Wang X, Li G, Ruan D, Zhuang Z, Ding R, Quan J, Wang S, Jiang Y, Huang J, Gu T, Hong L, Zheng E, Li Z, Cai G, Wu Z, Yang J. Runs of Homozygosity Uncover Potential Functional-Altering Mutation Associated With Body Weight and Length in Two Duroc Pig Lines. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:832633. [PMID: 35350434 PMCID: PMC8957889 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.832633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are widely used to investigate genetic diversity, demographic history, and positive selection signatures of livestock. Commercial breeds provide excellent materials to reveal the landscape of ROH shaped during the intense selection process. Here, we used the GeneSeek Porcine 50K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Chip data of 3,770 American Duroc (AD) and 2,096 Canadian Duroc (CD) pigs to analyze the genome-wide ROH. First, we showed that AD had a moderate genetic differentiation with CD pigs, and AD had more abundant genetic diversity and significantly lower level of inbreeding than CD pigs. In addition, sows had larger levels of homozygosity than boars in AD pigs. These differences may be caused by differences in the selective intensity. Next, ROH hotspots revealed that many candidate genes are putatively under selection for growth, sperm, and muscle development in two lines. Population-specific ROHs inferred that AD pigs may have a special selection for female reproduction, while CD pigs may have a special selection for immunity. Moreover, in the overlapping ROH hotspots of two Duroc populations, we observed a missense mutation (rs81216249) located in the growth and fat deposition-related supergene (ARSB-DMGDH-BHMT) region. The derived allele of this variant originated from European pigs and was nearly fixed in Duroc pigs. Further selective sweep and association analyses indicated that this supergene was subjected to strong selection and probably contributed to the improvement of body weight and length in Duroc pigs. These findings will enhance our understanding of ROH patterns in different Duroc lines and provide promising trait-related genes and a functional-altering marker that can be used for genetic improvement of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixin Li
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Ruan
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanwei Zhuang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Ding
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Jianping Quan
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjun Hong
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicong Li
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenfang Wu
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Jie Yang
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10
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Orlowski SK, Dridi S, Greene ES, Coy CS, Velleman SG, Anthony NB. Histological Analysis and Gene Expression of Satellite Cell Markers in the Pectoralis Major Muscle in Broiler Lines Divergently Selected for Percent 4-Day Breast Yield. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712095. [PMID: 34512385 PMCID: PMC8424006 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle development during embryonic and early post-hatch growth is primarily through hyperplastic growth and accumulation of nuclei through satellite cell contribution. Post-hatch, muscle development transitions from hyperplasia to hypertrophic growth of muscle fibers. Commercial selection for breast yield traditionally occurs at ages targeting hypertrophic rather than hyperplastic growth. This has resulted in the production of giant fibers and concomitant challenges with regard to muscle myopathies. The current study investigates the impact of selection during the period of hyperplastic growth. It is hypothesized that selection for percentage breast yield during hyperplasia will result in an increased number of muscle cells at hatch and potentially impact muscle fiber characteristics at processing. This study characterizes the breast muscle histology of three broiler lines at various ages in the growth period. The lines include a random bred control (RAN) as well as lines which have been selected from RAN for high (HBY4) and low (LBY4) percentage 4-day breast yield. Post-rigor pectoralis major samples from six males of each line and age were collected and stored in formalin. The sample ages included embryonic day 18 (E18), post-hatch day 4 (d4), and day 56 (d56). The samples were processed using a Leica tissue processor, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned, and placed on slides. Slides were stained using hematoxylin and eosin. E18 and d4 post-hatch analysis showed advanced muscle fiber formation for HBY4 and immature muscle development for LBY4 as compared to RAN. Post-hatch d56 samples were analyzed for fiber number, fiber diameter, endomysium, and perimysium spacing. Line HBY4 had the largest muscle fiber diameter (54.2 ± 0.96 μm) when compared to LBY4 (45.4 ± 0.96 μm). There was no line difference in endomysium spacing while perimysium spacing was higher for HBY4 males. Selection for percentage 4-day breast yield has impacted the rate and extent of muscle fiber formation in both the LBY4 and HBY4 lines with no negative impact on fiber spacing. The shift in processing age to later ages has exposed issues associated with muscle fiber viability. Selection during the period of muscle hyperplasia may impact growth rate; however, the potential benefits of additional satellite cells are still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Orlowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Cynthia S Coy
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Sandra G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Nicholas B Anthony
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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11
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Seo JK, Ko J, Park J, Eom JU, Yang HS. Effect of Pig Breed and Processing Stage on the Physicochemical Properties of Dry-Cured Loin. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:402-415. [PMID: 34017950 PMCID: PMC8112318 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of pig breeds on the quality characteristics
of dry-cured loins according to the processing stage. Physicochemical properties
of 20 dry-cured processed loins with the different pig breeds [Berkshire vs
Landrace×Yorkshire× Duroc (LYD; n=10)] and different
processing stages (raw, curing, dry-ripened 15 day and 30 day) were analyzed.
The pig breed influenced moisture content and pH with values of 59% and
53%, and 6.17 and 5.94, for Berkshire and LYD, respectively, on day 30.
Dry-cured loins made with Berkshire showed higher hardness and lower
cohesiveness than that of the LYD (p<0.05). Redness and yellowness were
higher for Berkshire than LYD (p<0.05). Lipid oxidation and lightness did
not affect by pig breed during processing stages (p>0.05). However,
sulfhydryl content was significantly higher in Berkshire compared to the LYD
after dry-ripened for 15 days (p<0.05). The concentration of total free
amino acids and fatty acids was higher for Berkshire during all processing
stages (p<0.05). Berkshire may be better quality due to its high moisture
content and pH compared to the LYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jonghyun Ko
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Junyoung Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jeong-Uk Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Han-Sul Yang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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12
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Chen C, Zhu J, Ren H, Deng Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Cui Q, Hu X, Zuo J, Chen B, Zhang X, Wu M, Peng Y. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and chemical composition of the Shaziling pig and its crossbreeds. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Djurkin Kušec I, Cimerman E, Škrlep M, Karolyi D, Gvozdanović K, Komlenić M, Radišić Ž, Kušec G. Influence of Immunocastration on Slaughter Traits and Boar Taint Compounds in Pigs Originating from Three Different Terminal Sire Lines. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010228. [PMID: 33477673 PMCID: PMC7831900 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to the negative public opinion and welfare issues related to surgical castration, gradual introduction of alternatives like entire males and immunocastrates is taking place. Despite several economical and welfare advantages that the alternatives offer, numerous issues (i.e., boar taint, meat quality alterations), as well as their interactions with rearing and breeding (genetic) factors remain unanswered. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate the possibility of using different commercial sire lines in three male sex categories (entire males, immunocastrates, surgical castrates) and to compare their carcass traits, meat quality and boar taint compounds. A significant effect of terminal sire line and/or male category together with their interaction was observed for most of the investigated carcass and meat quality traits. The observed interaction should be taken into consideration when deciding on the production of a specific male category. Abstract The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of terminal sire line (TSL) and male category (MC) on carcass and meat quality of commercial fatteners. The study was performed on 180 pigs originating from three terminal sire lines: A (Pietrain × Large White), B (pure Pietrain), and C (Pietrain × Duroc × Large White), being assigned to three groups according to MC: immunocastrates (IC, n = 60), surgical castrates (SC, n = 60) and entire males (EM, n = 60). TSL affected most of the carcass and meat quality traits, together with the androstenone concentration. At the same time, MC had a significant effect on fat thickness, ham circumference, drip loss, cooking loss and androstenone and skatole concentrations. A significant interaction effect was observed for carcass length and ham circumference, as well as for most of the measured meat quality traits (except cooking loss, CIE L*, CIE b*, and Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF)). Among the three investigated sire lines, immunocastration was shown to be most beneficial for fatteners sired by the TSL C. However, if deciding to raise EM, fatteners from the TSL B are recommended in terms of carcass and meat quality, although strategies for avoiding boar taint in their carcasses must be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Djurkin Kušec
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.D.K.); (K.G.); (Ž.R.)
| | - Emilija Cimerman
- Directorate for Professional Support to the Development of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Croatia, Bani 110, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Martin Škrlep
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova Ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Danijel Karolyi
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Kristina Gvozdanović
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.D.K.); (K.G.); (Ž.R.)
| | - Miodrag Komlenić
- Belje Plus d.d., Svetog Ivana Krstitelja 1a, 31326 Darda, Croatia;
| | - Žarko Radišić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.D.K.); (K.G.); (Ž.R.)
| | - Goran Kušec
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.D.K.); (K.G.); (Ž.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-31-554-866; Fax: +385-31-554-853
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14
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Yang Y, Shen L, Gao H, Ran J, Li X, Jiang H, Li X, Cao Z, Huang Y, Zhao S, Song C, Pan H. Comparison of cecal microbiota composition in hybrid pigs from two separate three-way crosses. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:1202-1209. [PMID: 33332946 PMCID: PMC8255879 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in host physiology, metabolism, immunity, and behavior. And host genetics could influence the gut microbiota of hybrid animals. The three-way cross model is commonly utilized in commercial pig production; however, the use of this model to analyse the gut microbial composition is rarely reported. Methods Two three-way hybrid pigs were selected, with Saba pigs as the starting maternal pig: Duroc× (Berkshire×Saba) (DBS) pig, Berkshire×(Duroc×Saba) (BDS) pig. One hundred pigs of each model were reared from 35 days (d) to 210 d. The body weight or feed consumption of all pigs were recorded and their feed/gain (F/G) ratio was calculated. On day 210, 10 pigs from each three-way cross were selected for slaughter, and cecal chyme samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results The final body weight (FBW) and average daily gain (ADG) of DBS pigs were significantly higher than those of BDS pigs (p<0.05), while the F/G ratios of DBS pigs were significantly lower than those of BDS pigs (p<0.05). The dominant phyla in DBS and BDS pigs were Bacteroidetes (55.23% vs 59%, respectively) and Firmicutes (36.65% vs 34.86%, respectively) (p>0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Prevotella, Roseburia, and Anaerovibrio in DBS pigs was significantly lower than in BDS pigs (p<0.01). The abundance of Eubacterium, Clostridium XI, Bacteroides, Methanomassiliicoccus, and Parabacteroides in DBS pigs was significantly higher than in BDS pigs (p<0.05). The FBWs and ADGs were positively correlated with Bacteroides, ClostridiumXI, and Parabacteroides but negatively correlated with the Prevotella, Prevotella/Bacteroides (P/B) ratio, Roseburia, and Anaerovibrio. Conclusion These results indicated that host genetics affect the cecal microbiota composition and the porcine gut microbiota is associated with growth performance, thereby suggesting that gut microbiota composition may be a useful biomarker in porcine genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Liyan Shen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinming Ran
- Dazhou Vocational and Technical College, Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Xian Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hengxin Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhenhui Cao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chunlian Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.,Collge of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongbin Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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15
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Touma S, Oyadomari M. Comparison of growth performances, carcass characteristics, and meat qualities of Okinawan indigenous Agu pigs and crossbred pigs sired by Agu or Duroc boar. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13362. [PMID: 32219950 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous Okinawa Agu pigs are crossed with Large White × Landrace (WL) pigs to improve their meat production, but there is little information regarding the crossbreeding effects. The study aims to compare growth, carcass characteristics, and meat qualities of Agu pigs with those of WL crossbreeds with Agu sires (WLA) or Duroc sires (WLD). WLA pigs showed better growth performance and carcass characteristics and less intramuscular fat (IMF) contents than Agu ones, but they had higher fat deposition, smaller longissimus dorsi muscle area, and higher IMF contents than WLD pigs. Agu pigs showed higher water holding capacity than the other two breeds. The inner layer of Agu backfat contains higher and lower proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively, than that in WLD animals. WLA animals had intermediate values for the fatty acid content in the inner backfat, although MUFA contents were equal to those of Agu pigs. Fatty acid profiles in IMF were similar to those in the backfat. These results indicate that crossbreeding of Agu with WL pigs improves growth performance and carcass quality. Particularly, WLA pigs have higher IMF contents and MUFA concentrations and lower PUFA concentrations than WLD pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihei Touma
- Okinawa Prefectural Livestock and Grassland Research Center, Nakijin, Japan.,Okinawa Prefectural Livestock Division, Naha, Japan
| | - Motoharu Oyadomari
- Okinawa Prefectural Livestock and Grassland Research Center, Nakijin, Japan
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16
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Sládek L. The Impact of the pH<sub>1</sub> Value and the Length of Carcass on the Quality of Slaughtered Pigs of the Hybrid Combination (CLW × CL) × D. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun202068020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Lípová P, Debrecéni O, Bučko O, Vavrišínová K. Efect of intramuscular fat content on physical-chemical parameters of pork from Mangalitsa and their crossbreed. POTRAVINARSTVO 2019. [DOI: 10.5219/1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of intramuscular fat content on physical parameters and proximate composition in musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) from Mangalitsa breed and Slovak Large White x Mangalitsa crossbreed. In the study, sixteen pigs of Mangalitsa and twenty-two pigs of Slovak Large White x Mangalitsa crossbreed were used. The pigs were reared under intensive condition and all animals were fed ad libitum with complete fattening feed mixture. The fattening period started from 30 kg of live weight. Then the pigs were slaughtered at 100 kg of live weight. Chemical analysis showed that MLD from Mangalitsa had lower protein content, higher moisture content (p <0.05) and higher content of intramuscular fat compared to Slovak Large White x Mangalitsa crossbreed. As regarding the cholesterol content in MLD, no significant differences were found between genotypes, but the cholesterol content was higher in MLD from Mangalitsa than in MLD from crossbreeds. The MLD from Mangalitsa exhibited lower CIE L* (p <0.01) and CIE b* (p <0.01) values 45 min post mortem compared to crossbreeds. Colour parameters increased after 7 days post mortem, which is normal due to the maturing process of the meat. Then the CIE L* value was lower in MLD from Mangalitsa (p <0.01), but CIE a* value was higher in relation to crossbreeds (p <0.05). As regards the Warner-Bratzler shear force, the meat from Mangalitsa was tenderer than in crossbreeds (p <0.05). Intramuscular fat in the meat positively correlated with colour parameter CIE a* (r = 0.324; p <0.05) as well as cholesterol content (r = 0,656; p <0.001). In contrast in the study was found negative correlations between intramuscular fat in meat with moisture content (r = -0.399; p <0.05) and protein content (r = -0.812; p <0.001). It can be concluded that the percentage of intramuscular fat significantly influenced the physical and the chemical parameters of pork. The meat from Mangalitsa is more suitable for production of special meat products (fermented and smoked).
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18
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Zhang W, Song QQ, Wu F, Zhang JZ, Xu MS, Li HH, Han ZJ, Gao HX, Xu NY. Evaluation of the four breeds in synthetic line of Jiaxing Black Pigs and Berkshire for meat quality traits, carcass characteristics, and flavor substances. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:574-582. [PMID: 30714281 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate breed characteristics and the effect of hybridization of Jiaxing Black Pig (JBP) with Western breeds, the carcass and meat quality traits and flavor substances such as inosinic acids (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF) in longissimus muscle (LM) from five breeds including JBP, Berkshire, Berkshire × JBP (BJBP), Duroc × Berkshire × JBP (DBJBP), Duroc × Landrace × JBP (DLJBP) were compared in this study. It was found that water holding capacity (WHC) of LM in JBP was significantly higher than that in the other strains (p < 0.01). Dressing out percentage and lean percentage of JBP were both significantly lower than those in the others (p < 0.01) in connection with their lighter carcass weight and higher subcutaneous fat percentage (p < 0.01). Heterosis was realized in DJBP, DBJBP, and DLJBP since their carcass weight, lean percentage, and loin eye muscle area (LEMA) were markedly higher when compared to JBP, whereas lower than those in Berkshire. Among the breeds, the content of IMF and IMP in the LM of JBP were the highest. These traits were also palpably improved in the crossbreds, especially for DBJBP, of which pork was considered outstanding for containing the most abundant essential amino acids (EAA) and total amino acids (TAA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Song
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Shu Xu
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hai-Hong Li
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Han
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Gao
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ning-Ying Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Yim DG, Jung JH, Ali MM, Nam KC. Comparison of physicochemical traits of dry-cured ham from purebred Berkshire and crossbred Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc (LYD) pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:35-40. [PMID: 31333859 PMCID: PMC6582917 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the physicochemical traits of dry-cured hams made from two different pig breeds: Berkshire and Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc (LYD). Pigs were slaughtered at a live weight of approximately 110 kg and cooled at 0°C for 24 h in a chilling room. Then, the ham portion of the carcasses were cut and processed by dry-curing for physicochemical analyses. The dry-cured hams from Berkshire contain higher crude protein, fat, and ash level than those from LYD, whereas the hams from LYD had higher moisture contents than those from Berkshire(p < 0.05). The pH values of the hams from Berkshire were lower than those from LYD (p < 0.05). The hams from Berkshire had lower L* and b* values than those from LYD (p < 0.05). Palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1), elaidic acid (C18:1t), monounsaturated fatty acids, and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (n-6/n-3) in the ham from Berkshire were higher than LYD (p < 0.05). Free amino acids such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and lysine in hams from Berkshire were higher than those from LYD (p < 0.05). The microbial population had no significant difference between Berkshire and LYD dry-cured ham. The cross sections of dry cured ham showed difference from different breeds using scanning electron microscope and indicates some differences in texture. Considering the meat quality parameters of ham, hams from Berkshire could provide variety of ham for consumer who are seeking various different qualities and stories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gyun Yim
- Department of Animal Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Senior Director, Jung P&C Institute, Inc., Yongin 16950, Korea
| | - Md Mahabbat Ali
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea
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20
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Sirtori F, Bozzi R, Franci O, Calamai L, Crovetti A, Bonelli A, Benvenuti D, Aquilani C, Pugliese C. Effects of genotype and salting time on chemical, physical and sensorial traits of a new pig seasoned meat product ‘Cuore Di Spalla’. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1597645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sirtori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Scienze Animali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Scienze Animali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Oreste Franci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Scienze Animali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luca Calamai
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Scienze Animali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Crovetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Scienze Animali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Bonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Scienze Animali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Doria Benvenuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Scienze Animali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Aquilani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Scienze Animali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carolina Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Scienze Animali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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Chen Y, Wei Y, Chen J, Lv D, Li P, Zhu L, Tang G, Li X, Jiang Y. Growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Chinese indigenous Yanan pig crossbred with Duroc and Berkshire genotypes. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of crossbreeding on the growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Chinese native Yanan (YN) pig breed and related crossbreeds, including Duroc × Yanan (DY) and Duroc × (Berkshire × Yanan) (DBY). In total, 60 pigs (20 per breed) were used in the study. The results showed that both crossbreeds, especially DBY pigs, exhibited improved growth and carcass characteristics compared with those of purebred YN pigs. Moreover, the two crossbreeds, especially DBY pigs, produced acceptable meat-quality characteristics (normal pH and meat-colour values, high intramuscular fat content and water-holding capacity, acceptable muscle-fibre parameters, and strong pork flavour) similar to those of YN pigs. M. longissimus lumborum contained eight essential amino acids, with high contents in all pigs. C18:1, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:2 were the main fatty acids in M. longissimus lumborum in the three breeds, and a polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio of ~0.2 was observed in DBY and YN pigs. These results indicated that DBY pigs exhibit an acceptable total production performance and could be extensively used in commercial pig production to provide high-quality niche products.
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Hwang JH, An SM, Yu GE, Park DH, Kang DG, Kim TW, Park HC, Ha J, Kim CW. Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in NAT9 and MAP3K3 genes with litter size traits in Berkshire pigs. Arch Anim Breed 2018; 61:379-386. [PMID: 32175444 PMCID: PMC7065387 DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-379-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Litter size is an economically important trait in the pig
industry. We aimed to identify genetic markers associated with litter size,
which can be used in breeding programs for improving reproductive traits.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Berkshire pigs in the
N-acetyltransferase 9 (NAT9) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP3K3) genes were from RNA sequencing
results, and already exist in the databank (NCBI), and were confirmed by
polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism
(PCR-RFLP). A total of 272 Berkshire sows were used to examine the genotype, and
their association with litter size traits was analyzed. The NAT9 SNP
was located in chromosome 12 exon 640 mRNA (A > G) and the
MAP3K3 SNP was located in chromosome 12 intron 11 (80, C > T).
Association analysis indicated that the GG genotype of
NAT9 and the CT genotype of MAP3K3 had the highest values
for litter size traits. The GG genotype expressed higher levels of
NAT9 mRNA in the endometrium than the other genotypes did, and a
positive correlation was found between litter size traits and NAT9,
but not MAP3K3 expression level. These results indicate that the
NAT9 and MAP3K3 can be used as candidate genes applicable
in breeding program for the improvement of litter size traits in Berkshire
pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hye Hwang
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sang Mi An
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Go Eun Yu
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Da Hye Park
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Deok Gyeong Kang
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Hwa Chun Park
- Dasan Pig Breeding Co., San 64-2, Gasan-ri, Eunbong-eub, Namwon-si 590-831, South Korea
| | - Jeongim Ha
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Chul Wook Kim
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
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Lertpatarakomol R, Chaosap C, Chaweewan K, Sitthigripong R, Limsupavanich R. Carcass characteristics and meat quality of purebred Pakchong 5 and crossbred pigs sired by Pakchong 5 or Duroc boar. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:585-591. [PMID: 30208699 PMCID: PMC6409453 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated carcass characteristics and meat quality of purebred Pakchong 5, crossbred pigs sired by Pakchong 5, and crossbred pigs sired by Duroc. Methods Forty-eight pigs (average body weight of 22.25 kg) were composed of three groups as purebred Pakchong 5 (PP), Large White×Landrace pigs sired by Pakchong 5 (LWLRP), and Large White×Landrace pigs sired by Duroc (LWLRD). Each group consisted of eight gilts and eight barrows. At 109-day-raising period, pigs were slaughtered, and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles from left side of carcasses were evaluated for meat quality and chemical composition. Data were analyzed using general linear model procedure, where group, sex, and their interaction were included in the model. Results The PP had greater carcass, total lean, and ham percentages than crossbred pigs (p< 0.05). LWLRP had thicker backfat and more carcass fat percentage than LWLRD (p<0.05). There were no differences (p>0.05) on cutting percentages from tender loin, loin, boston butt, and picnic shoulder among groups. The PP and LWLRP had larger loin eye area (LEA) than LWLRD (p<0.05). Gilts had more loin percentage and lower L* value than barrows (p<0.05). No meat color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were affected by groups (p>0.05). PP and LWLRP had larger muscle fiber diameters than LWLRD (p<0.05). However, water holding capacity, Warner-Bratzler shear force values, and chemical composition of LT were not affected by group or sex (p>0.05). Conclusion Pakchong 5 purebred has good carcass and lean percentages. Compared to Duroc crossbred pigs, Pakchong 5 crossbreds have similar carcass and lean percentages, larger LEA, and slightly more carcass fat, with comparable meat quality and chemical composition. Pakchong 5 boars are more affordable for very small- to medium-scale pig producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachakris Lertpatarakomol
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Chanporn Chaosap
- Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Kamon Chaweewan
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Genetic Improvement, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ronachai Sitthigripong
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Rutcharin Limsupavanich
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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Comparison reproductive, growth performance, carcass and meat quality of Liangshan pig crossbred with Duroc and Berkshire genotypes and heterosis prediction. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Sládek L, Mikule V. Influences of Housing Systems and Slaughter Weight on the Market Realization of Slaughter Pigs by SEUROP Classification. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201866020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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26
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Palma-Granados P, Haro A, Lara L, Aguilera JF, Nieto R, Seiquer I. Differences on meat colour and composition between ‘Landrace × Large White’ and ‘Iberian’ pigs under identical nutritional and management conditions. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In pig production, factors such as nutritional system and genotype affect quality characteristics of meat. This study was aimed to evaluate differences in nutritional composition and colour of meat between Iberian (IB) and Landrace × Large White (LLW) pigs reared under identical nutrition and management conditions. Nutrient composition, mineral content, fatty acid profile and instrumental colour of two muscles (longissimus thoracis and biceps femoris) were examined at two growing stages (50- and 115-kg weight). Significant differences were found in relation to genotype. IB muscles contained higher amounts of intramuscular fat, dry matter, monounsaturated fatty acids, iron and zinc, and were redder (higher a* value) and with less colour saturation (lower hue angle), than those from LLW pigs. Significant relationships between colour coordinates with the mineral content and the lipid profile of muscles were found: redness was mainly linked to iron, zinc and monounsaturated fatty acids levels, whereas yellowness was positively related with copper, polyunsaturated fatty acids and linoleic acid level. The results of the present study support that muscles from the IB pig genotype have special characteristics, which may enhance the overall quality of meat compared with conventional or high-lean porcine breeds, even under identical management system, due to its particular fat composition and colour attributes.
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27
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Zhang J, Chai J, Luo Z, He H, Chen L, Liu X, Zhou Q. Meat and nutritional quality comparison of purebred and crossbred pigs. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:202-210. [PMID: 28856768 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crossbreeding is an effective method of improving the efficiency and profit of production in commercial pig operations. To understand the effect of crossbreeding on meat and nutrient quality, a combination including three purebred (Duroc, D; Landrace, L; Yorkshire, Y) and two crossbred pig lines (Landrace × Yorkshire, LY; Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), DLY) frequently used internationally were studied. The results showed that meat from the LY and DLY crosses had lower values for lightness L24h∗, shear force and epinephrine and higher values for drip loss, C18:1, insulin, glucagon and monounsaturated fatty acids than D, L and Y pigs. Moreover, LY had higher values for post mortem pH and lower values for a* and b* than the purebreds. In contrast, DLY had lower values for pH and higher values for a* and b* than the purebreds. Meat quality-related gene analysis showed that the CAST, IGF2 and MC4R gene expression levels in the LY and DLY pigs were significantly higher than those in the D, L and Y pigs. These results indicate that crossbreeding can alter the meat quality, nutritive value, energy metabolism and gene expression of pigs. Future research should focus on microRNA expression and DNA methylation that regulate gene expression and thus affect the meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Zonggang Luo
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang He
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinfei Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
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28
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Park HS, Oh SH. Factors affecting growth and body dimensions of pigs reared in alternative production. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1366323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Suk Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Sang-Hyon Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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29
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Jeong JY, Jeong TC, Yang HS, Kim GD. Multivariate analysis of muscle fiber characteristics, intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition in porcine longissimus thoracis muscle. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Park HS, Min B, Oh SH. Research trends in outdoor pig production - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1207-1214. [PMID: 28728401 PMCID: PMC5582275 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the industrialization of swine production in the late 1900s, swine farms in the United States, as well as in Europe, have largely become consolidated. Pig farms became larger in size but fewer in number, with 91% of market pigs being produced by large operations with 5,000 or more pigs on-site in the US, and only 3% of the total utilized agricultural land representing organic farming. Such change in the market made it difficult for small farmers to stay competitive, forcing them to find alternative ways to reduce the cost of production and increase profit using the outdoor production system. In contrast to the indoor confinement system, outdoor production system uses pasture-based units and/or deep-bedded hoop structures that promote animal welfare and environmental sustainability with a lower capital investment. In accord with the growing concern for animal and environmental welfare and food safety by the consumers, small farmers practicing an outdoor production system are seeing increased opportunities for marketing their products in the pork niche market. Unlike the general belief that the reproductive and growth performance measures of the outdoor sows and piglets are poorer in comparison with the animals reared indoors, studies showed that there was no significant difference in the performance measures, and some traits were even better in outdoor animals. Improved reproductive and production traits can increase the sustainability of outdoor farming. Present study reviewed the recent studies comparing the performance measures, meat quality and health of indoor and outdoor animals, as well as the efforts to improve the outdoor production system through changes in management such as hut types and breed of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Suk Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, NC 27411, USA
| | - Byungrok Min
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Sang-Hyon Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, NC 27411, USA
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Furutani A, Kawabata T, Sueyoshi M, Sasaki Y. Impact of porcine epidemic diarrhea on herd and individual Berkshire sow productivity. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 183:1-8. [PMID: 28683954 PMCID: PMC7126730 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an emerging disease of pigs in several countries. In the present study, individual sow productivity of Berkshire sows exposed to PED virus at different stages of production was compared. On a commercial farrow-to-finish farm in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, the clinical presence of PED was observed in the farrowing barn on January 6, 2014, and all gilts and sows were immunized on January 9, except those in the farrowing barn. The sows were categorized into six groups based on the period in which they were exposed to PED virus: between days 0–30 (G1), 31–60 (G2), 61–90 (G3), or after 91 days of pregnancy (G4), during lactation (L), and after weaning (W). The control group was not exposed to PED during the period of PED outbreak. The study was based on 574 production records. The sows of the G4 and L groups had the fewest piglets weaned (4.8 ± 0.4, and 4.0 ± 0.3 pigs, respectively; P < 0.05) and the greatest pre-weaning mortality (33.1 ± 4.8%, and 39.7 ± 4.1%, respectively; P < 0.05). The number of piglets weaned and pre-weaning mortality, however, did not differ among the G1, G2, G3, and uninfected groups. The G4 and W groups had slightly lesser farrowing rates than the uninfected group (P < 0.05), however, similar subsequent piglet litter performance as the uninfected group. In conclusion, the effect of PED on individual sow productivity differed with the production stage in which sows were exposed to PED virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Furutani
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kawabata
- Kagoshima Prefectural Economics Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Section of Swine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masuo Sueyoshi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sasaki
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Organization for the Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Park HS, Spann K, Whitley N, Oh SH. Comparison of growth performance of Berkshire purebreds and crossbreds sired by Hereford and Tamworth breeds raised in alternative production system. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1358-1362. [PMID: 28423883 PMCID: PMC5582293 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of the present study was to compare growth performance of Berkshire purebred pigs (BB), Hereford (HB) and/or Tamworth (TB) sired Berkshire crossbred pigs reared in a hoop structure in two experiments. Methods In the first experiment, BB was compared to TB while HB and TB were compared in the second. Body weights (BW) were recorded at 3 days of age and every 28 days from birth until 140 days of age. There was no significant difference between the BW of BB and TB, but HB was heavier than TB by 84 days of age. Least square means of average daily gain (ADG) were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance. Results The mean parity (±standard deviation) of the sows was 3.42±2.14 and a total of 45 farrowing occurred from year 2012 to 2014. The mean number of total born, number born alive, number of mummies, and number weaned were 9.23±2.52, 7.87±2.53, 0.04±0.21, and 5.94±2.74, respectively. Parity did not have a significant effect on the growth performance of the pigs. For BB and TB, there was only one time frame in which there was a significant difference in the ADG: between 28 and 56 days of age. For HB and TB, the overall ADG of HB was significantly greater than the total ADG of TB. Conclusion The breed of the sire did not affect the growth performance of the progeny between Berkshire purebreds and Tamworth×Berkshire crossbreds. The breed of the sire did have an effect between Hereford and Tamworth sired Berkshire crossbreds (p<0.05). The Hereford sired pigs were found to have increased growth performance compared to Tamworth sired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Suk Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
| | - Kristal Spann
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
| | - Niki Whitley
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - Sang-Hyon Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
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Breed Characteristics of Indigenous Pigs in Okinawa :Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5938/youton.54.3_121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lim KS, Lee KT, Park JE, Chung WH, Jang GW, Choi BH, Hong KC, Kim TH. Identification of differentially expressed genes in longissimus muscle of pigs with high and low intramuscular fat content using RNA sequencing. Anim Genet 2016; 48:166-174. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul 136-713 Korea
| | - K. T. Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
| | - J. E. Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
| | - W. H. Chung
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
| | - G. W. Jang
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
| | - B. H. Choi
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
| | - K. C. Hong
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul 136-713 Korea
| | - T. H. Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
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Park HS, Oh SH. Seasonal variation in growth of Berkshire pigs in alternative production systems. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:749-754. [PMID: 27857030 PMCID: PMC5411836 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of farrowing month (FM), parity and sex on the growth performance of Berkshire swine raised in alternative production systems. Methods A total of 40 farrowing records from 27 sows and 1,258 body weight (BW) records from 274 piglets collected over a two-year period were used for the analysis. The BWs were recorded at birth, weaning (28 d), 56, 84, 112, and 140 days. Any BW not recorded on schedule was recalculated to conform the days of age among corresponding BW records, using growth curves drawn with polynomial functions whose power was determined by the number of existing observations for each individual. Results The mean parity (±standard deviation) of the sows was 3.42±2.14. The sows that farrowed in June had the lowest number of total born with an average of 6.25±2.22 piglets per sow. However, the lowest average number of piglets weaned at day 28 was found in sows that farrowed in May, as well as the highest number recorded for the stillborn piglets with an average of 2.67 piglets per sow. Moreover, the smallest increase in weight from birth to weaning occurred in piglets that were farrowed in May, which also corresponds with the average daily gain (ADG) of 0.29 kg and the last recorded weight measurement on day 140 of 41.69±1.45 kg. Contrastingly, the highest growth rate was found among pigs farrowed in June, with the largest increase in weight of 7.55 kg from birth to weaning, the highest ADG of 0.51 kg from birth to 140 day of age and the highest BW of 74.70±1.86 kg recorded on day 140. Conclusion Pigs farrowed in June also had the least number of piglets that died between birth and weaning. The zone of thermal comfort found in sows reared in indoor confinement systems did not improve the reproductive performance of the sows reared in an outdoor, alternative production system, while the growth performance of the piglets was improved when the ambient temperature was consistently hot or consistently cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Suk Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
| | - Sang-Hyon Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
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36
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Subramaniyan SA, Kang DR, Belal SA, Cho ESR, Jung JH, Jung YC, Choi YI, Shim KS. Meat Quality and Physicochemical Trait Assessments of Berkshire and Commercial 3-way Crossbred Pigs. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2016; 36:641-649. [PMID: 27857540 PMCID: PMC5112427 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.5.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared qualities and physiochemical traits of meat from Berkshire (black color) pigs with those of meat from 3-way Landrace (white color) × Yorkshire (white color) × Duroc (red color) crossbred pigs (LYD). Meat quality characteristics, including pH, color, drip loss, cooking loss, and free amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin, and mineral contents of longissimus dorsi muscles, were compared. Meat from Berkshire pigs had deeper meat color (redness), higher pH, and lower drip loss and cooking loss than meat from LYD pigs. Moreover, meat from Berkshire pigs had higher levels of phosphoserine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, asparagine, α-aminoadipic acid, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan, and carnosine and lower levels of glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ammonia than did meat from LYD pigs. The fatty acids oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were present in significantly higher concentrations in Berkshire muscles than they were in LYD muscles. Additionally, Berkshire muscles were significantly enriched with nucleotide components (inosine), minerals (Mg and K), and antioxidant vitamins such as ascorbic acid (C) in comparison with LYD muscles. In conclusion, our results show that in comparison with LYD meat, Berkshire meat has better meat quality traits and is a superior nutritional source of all essential amino acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C, and minerals (Mg and K).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Da Rae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Shah Ahmed Belal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Eun-So-Ri Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | | | | | - Yang-Il Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kwan-Seob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Choi YS, Lee JK, Jung JT, Jung YC, Jung JH, Jung MO, Choi YI, Jin SK, Choi JS. Comparison of Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus Muscles from Purebred Pigs and Three-way Crossbred LYD Pigs. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2016; 36:689-696. [PMID: 27857546 PMCID: PMC5112433 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.5.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to find pork quality to meet the needs of consumers. Thus, the meat quality and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscles from purebred pigs (Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc) and three-way crossbred LYD pigs were compared and evaluated. Chemical compositions of longissimus muscles were significant (p<0.05) different among pigs. Duroc contained significant (p<0.05) higher fat contents than other pigs, whereas significant (p<0.05) higher moisture contents were observed in Landrace, Yorkshire, and LYD pigs compared to those of Duroc pigs. The values of pH24 h and pH14 d were the highest in Landrace pigs. Myoglobin contents of LYD pigs were higher (p<0.05) than those of purebred pigs. Regarding meat color, Duroc and Yorkshire pigs had higher redness values than Landrace and LYD pigs, while Landrace pigs had the lowest (p<0.05) color values among all pigs. There was no significant difference in shear force or water holding capacity (WHC). Duroc pigs maintained the lowest drip loss during 14 d of cold storage. In sensory evaluation, the marbling scores of Duroc pigs were higher (p<0.05) than other pigs. Regarding fatty acid compositions, total USFA, poly-, n-3, and n-6 contents were the highest (p<0.05) in LYD pigs, while total SFA contents were the highest (p<0.05) in Duroc pigs. Based on these results, purebred pigs had superior overall meat quality to crossbred pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ji-Taek Jung
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | | | | | - Myung-Ok Jung
- Foundation of Agri. Tech. Commercialization & Transfer, Suwon 16613, Korea
| | - Yang-Il Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Jin
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea; Swine Science & Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Swine Science & Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
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Choi JS, Jin SK, Jeong YH, Jung YC, Jung JH, Shim KS, Choi YI. Relationships between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers and Meat Quality Traits of Duroc Breeding Stocks in Korea. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1229-38. [PMID: 27507182 PMCID: PMC5003982 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the relationships of five intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated γ3 subunit [PRKAG3], fatty acid synthase [FASN], calpastatin [CAST], high mobility group AT-hook 1 [HMGA1], and melanocortin-4 receptor [MC4R]) and meat quality traits of Duroc breeding stocks in Korea. A total of 200 purebred Duroc gilts from 8 sires and 40 dams at 4 pig breeding farms from 2010 to 2011 reaching market weight (110 kg) were slaughtered and their carcasses were chilled overnight. Longissimus dorsi muscles were removed from the carcass after 24 h of slaughter and used to determine pork properties including carcass weight, backfat thickness, moisture, intramuscular fat, pH24h, shear force, redness, texture, and fatty acid composition. The PRKAG3, FASN, CAST, and MC4R gene SNPs were significantly associated with the meat quality traits (p<0.003). The meats of PRKAG3 (A 0.024/G 0.976) AA genotype had higher pH, redness and texture than those from PRKAG3 GG genotype. Meats of FASN (C 0.301/A 0.699) AA genotype had higher backfat thickness, texture, stearic acid, oleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid than FASN CC genotype. While the carcasses of CAST (A 0.373/G 0.627) AA genotype had thicker backfat, and lower shear force, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid content, they had higher stearic acid content than those from the CAST GG genotype. The MC4R (G 0.208/A 0.792) AA genotype were involved in increasing backfat thickness, carcass weight, moisture and saturated fatty acid content, and decreasing unsaturated fatty acid content in Duroc meat. These results indicated that the five SNP markers tested can be a help to select Duroc breed to improve carcass and meat quality properties in crossbred pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea.,Department of Animal Resources Technology and Swine Science & Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - S K Jin
- Department of Animal Resources Technology and Swine Science & Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Y H Jeong
- Hanwoo Department, Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seoul 137-871, Korea
| | - Y C Jung
- Jung P&C Institute, Yongin 446-982, Korea
| | - J H Jung
- Jung P&C Institute, Yongin 446-982, Korea
| | - K S Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chunbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Y I Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Walugembe M, Swantek PM, Honeyman MS, Mabry JW, Stalder KJ, Rothschild MF. Evaluation of growth, deposition of back fat, and loin muscle for purebred Berkshire pigs housed in bedded hoop buildings. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:800-4. [PMID: 27065150 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the accretion of BW, back fat, and loin muscle from purebred Berkshire pigs raised in bedded hoop barns in Iowa. The growth of a total of 144 purebred Berkshire pigs (18 barrows and 18 gilts per trial) was evaluated from 4 trials (2 winter and 2 summer trials). Pigs were fed ad libitum utilizing a 5-phase standard corn-soybean meal feeding program that met or exceeded NRC nutrient requirements. Pigs were housed in bedded hoop barns (unheated) to approximate common niche market requirements. At 21-d intervals, pigs were serially weighed, and ultrasonic back fat depth and loin muscle area (LMA) measurements were taken. Live BW measurements began at the trial initiation at approximately 18 to 32 kg, but ultrasonic scans for 10th-rib back fat depth and LMA began at between 36 and 45 kg until market weight of about 122 ± 2.5 kg. The rate (µ) of live body growth (weight) and ultrasonic back fat depth were influenced ( < 0.01) by trial and sex, with no significant interactions between trial and sex. Both live BW and back fat deposition were significantly greater in trial 1 than all other trials (2, 3, and 4). The rate of accretion and maximum growth of LMA depth were not affected ( > 0.05) by trial and sex. Overall, barrows averaged 31 mm of back fat at 125 kg, whereas gilts had an average of about 23 mm at 121 kg of market weight. Results suggest that because of the sex differences in growth and back fat deposition between Berkshire barrows and gilts, it may be important to formulate their diets differently in commercial pork production systems.
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Trombetta MF, Mattii S, Pasquini M, Marina A. Influence of diet and rearing system on heavy pig performance, carcass and meat quality. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jeong H, Song KD, Seo M, Caetano-Anollés K, Kim J, Kwak W, Oh JD, Kim E, Jeong DK, Cho S, Kim H, Lee HK. Exploring evidence of positive selection reveals genetic basis of meat quality traits in Berkshire pigs through whole genome sequencing. BMC Genet 2015; 16:104. [PMID: 26289667 PMCID: PMC4545873 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural and artificial selection following domestication has led to the existence of more than a hundred pig breeds, as well as incredible variation in phenotypic traits. Berkshire pigs are regarded as having superior meat quality compared to other breeds. As the meat production industry seeks selective breeding approaches to improve profitable traits such as meat quality, information about genetic determinants of these traits is in high demand. However, most of the studies have been performed using trained sensory panel analysis without investigating the underlying genetic factors. Here we investigate the relationship between genomic composition and this phenotypic trait by scanning for signatures of positive selection in whole-genome sequencing data. RESULTS We generated genomes of 10 Berkshire pigs at a total of 100.6 coverage depth, using the Illumina Hiseq2000 platform. Along with the genomes of 11 Landrace and 13 Yorkshire pigs, we identified genomic variants of 18.9 million SNVs and 3.4 million Indels in the mapped regions. We identified several associated genes related to lipid metabolism, intramuscular fatty acid deposition, and muscle fiber type which attribute to pork quality (TG, FABP1, AKIRIN2, GLP2R, TGFBR3, JPH3, ICAM2, and ERN1) by applying between population statistical tests (XP-EHH and XP-CLR). A statistical enrichment test was also conducted to detect breed specific genetic variation. In addition, de novo short sequence read assembly strategy identified several candidate genes (SLC25A14, IGF1, PI4KA, CACNA1A) as also contributing to lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed several candidate genes involved in Berkshire meat quality; most of these genes are involved in lipid metabolism and intramuscular fat deposition. These results can provide a basis for future research on the genomic characteristics of Berkshire pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsoo Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak St. 599, Seoul, Kwan-ak Gu, 151-741, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minseok Seo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak St. 599, Seoul, Kwan-ak Gu, 151-741, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Jaemin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak St. 599, Seoul, Kwan-ak Gu, 151-741, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woori Kwak
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak St. 599, Seoul, Kwan-ak Gu, 151-741, Republic of Korea.
- C&K genomics, Main Bldg. #514, SNU Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Don Oh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - EuiSoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Ara-1 Dong, Jeju-Do, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seoae Cho
- C&K genomics, Main Bldg. #514, SNU Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heebal Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak St. 599, Seoul, Kwan-ak Gu, 151-741, Republic of Korea.
- C&K genomics, Main Bldg. #514, SNU Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Berhe DT, Eskildsen CE, Lametsch R, Hviid MS, van den Berg F, Engelsen SB. Prediction of total fatty acid parameters and individual fatty acids in pork backfat using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics: Understanding the cage of covariance between highly correlated fat parameters. Meat Sci 2015; 111:18-26. [PMID: 26331962 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how Partial Least Squares regression models for predicting individual fatty acids (FAs) and total FA parameters depend on Raman spectral variation associated with the iodine value in pork backfat. The backfat was sampled from pigs, which were fed with different dietary fat sources and levels. Good correlations between the Raman spectra and the total FA composition parameters and most individual FAs were obtained (R(CV)(2)=0.78-0.90). However, the predictions of the individual FAs are indirect and to a high degree depend on co-variance with the total FA parameters. A new procedure was demonstrated for identifying and characterizing such indirect or non-targeted calibrations. This information is very useful when Raman spectroscopy or other vibrational spectroscopic techniques are used to predict non-targeted quality parameters such as individual FAs as they may lead to inaccurate predictions of future sample if the underlying covariance structure is changed e.g. by new dietary regimes or genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Berhe
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Carl Emil Eskildsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - René Lametsch
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marchen S Hviid
- Danish Meat Research Institute, Teknologisk Institut, Gregersensvej 9, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Frans van den Berg
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren B Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Bertol T, Oliveira E, Coldebella A, Kawski V, Scandolera A, Warpechowski M. Meat quality and cut yield of pigs slaughtered over 100kg live weight. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality and cut yield of pigs slaughtered between 100 and 150kg live weight were evaluated. Pigs (417 Agroceres PIC barrows and gilts) were fed a daily allowance of 2.8kg per head from 80kg until 100.71±0.85, 118.58±0.99, 134.07±1.18 or 143.90±1.24kg live weight. Seventy-one pigs were used for the evaluation of primal and subprimal cuts. There was no interaction between sex and slaughter weight for any of the evaluated parameters. Ham, shoulder, and loin weights linearly increased (P<0.01; R2: 84.3-93.2%) with increasing slaughter weight, which, however, had little effect on primal cuts meat yield. Increasing slaughter weight promoted a linear (P<0.05) and a quadratic (P<0.01) increase of red/green coordinate (a* value) of the loin and ham, respectively. Shear force showed a quadratic response (P<0.05), with minimum value estimated at 122kg slaughter weight. It was concluded that, under the applied management, increasing slaughter weight increased the volume of meat, but had little effect on meat yield. The meat of pigs slaughtered at heavier weights showed more intense red color and the same intramuscular fat content as lighter pigs, while tenderness was slightly affected.
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The inclusion of Duroc breed in maternal line affects pork quality and fatty acid profile. Meat Sci 2015; 107:49-56. [PMID: 25938812 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of including different percentages of Duroc (D) breed in maternal line [Landrace (LR) × Large White (LW); LR × (LW × D); LR × D] and gender on meat quality and intramuscular (IMF) and subcutaneous (SCF) fatty acid composition. No significant differences were found among dam lines in ultimate pH, L* values and drip and cooking losses. There were higher percentages of saturated fatty acids in LR × D and LR × (LW × D) lines and higher percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids in LR × LW line in IMF and SCF. Also, LR × D line produced pork with a lower Warner-Bratzler shear force values and higher IMF content and potential of lipid oxidation. Furthermore, the L*, a* and b* values and drip loss were greater in pork from entire males than females. The IMF and SCF of females were more monounsaturated and less polyunsaturated than those from entire males.
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45
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Kim H, Song KD, Kim HJ, Park W, Kim J, Lee T, Shin DH, Kwak W, Kwon YJ, Sung S, Moon S, Lee KT, Kim N, Hong JK, Eo KY, Seo KS, Kim G, Park S, Yun CH, Kim H, Choi K, Kim J, Lee WK, Kim DK, Oh JD, Kim ES, Cho S, Lee HK, Kim TH, Kim H. Exploring the genetic signature of body size in Yucatan miniature pig. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121732. [PMID: 25885114 PMCID: PMC4401510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since being domesticated about 10,000-12,000 years ago, domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) have been selected for traits of economic importance, in particular large body size. However, Yucatan miniature pigs have been selected for small body size to withstand high temperature environment and for laboratory use. This renders the Yucatan miniature pig a valuable model for understanding the evolution of body size. We investigate the genetic signature for selection of body size in the Yucatan miniature pig. Phylogenetic distance of Yucatan miniature pig was compared to other large swine breeds (Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc and wild boar). By estimating the XP-EHH statistic using re-sequencing data derived from 70 pigs, we were able to unravel the signatures of selection of body size. We found that both selections at the level of organism, and at the cellular level have occurred. Selection at the higher levels include feed intake, regulation of body weight and increase in mass while selection at the molecular level includes cell cycle and cell proliferation. Positively selected genes probed by XP-EHH may provide insight into the docile character and innate immunity as well as body size of Yucatan miniature pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongmin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Song
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 456-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- CHO & KIM Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
| | - WonCheoul Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Kwak
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-jun Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Samsun Sung
- CHO & KIM Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjin Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tai Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ki Hong
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, 331-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yeon Eo
- Animal Research Division, Seoul Zoo, Seoul, 427-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Girak Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmoo Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Kim
- Optipharm, Inc., 63, Osongsangmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Chengwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimyung Choi
- Optipharm, Inc., 63, Osongsangmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Chengwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Kim
- Optipharm, Inc., 63, Osongsangmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Chengwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 400-103, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Kyung Kim
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 456-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Don Oh
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 456-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Sciencs, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Seoae Cho
- CHO & KIM Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 456-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea; CHO & KIM Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
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Choi JS, Jin SK, Choi YI, Lee JJ. Effects of Duroc Breeding Lines on Carcass Composition and Meat Quality. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:80-5. [PMID: 26761803 PMCID: PMC4682502 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the carcass composition and pork quality of Duroc breeding lines in Korea. A total of 200 Duroc pigs were used, and those were originated from four different great-grandparent (GGP) breeding stock farms (L1: N farm, L2: W farm, L3: S farm, L4: R farm). The carcasses of pigs from these farms were collected, and meat quality traits were evaluated. L1 and L2 had smaller carcass weights and thin backfat, whereas L3 and L4 had heavy carcass weights and thick backfat. L3 and L4 had higher contents of fat and protein than L1 and L2. For the meat quality characteristics, L1, L2, and L4 had higher pH values than L3. In addition, L4 had higher water holding capacity than the other lines. L4 had the highest sensory evaluation scores with regard to both juiciness and flavor. Consequently, the study results indicate that pork quality information from domestic Duroc breeding stock lines could be used to effectively improve pork quality in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
- Department of Animal Resources Technology and Swine Science & Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Jin
- Department of Animal Resources Technology and Swine Science & Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Yang-Il Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Corresponding author: Jae-Joon Lee, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 500-759, Korea. Tel: +82-62-230-7725, Fax: +82-62-234-7452, E-mail:
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Lim KS, Kim JM, Lee EA, Choe JH, Hong KC. A Candidate Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the 3' Untranslated Region of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Gene for Fatness Quality and the Gene Expression in Berkshire Pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:151-7. [PMID: 25557809 PMCID: PMC4283158 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fatness qualities in pigs measured by the amount of fat deposition and composition of fatty acids (FAs) in pork have considerable effect on current breeding goals. The stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene plays a crucial role in the conversion of saturated FAs into monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and hence, is among the candidate genes responsible for pig fatness traits. Here, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, c.*2041T>C) in the 3′ untranslated region by direct sequencing focused on coding and regulatory regions of porcine SCD. According to the association analysis using a hundred of Berkshire pigs, the SNP was significantly associated with FA composition (MUFAs and polyunsaturated FAs [PUFAs]), polyunsaturated to saturated (P:S) FA ratio, n-6:n-3 FA ratio, and extent of fat deposition such as intramuscular fat and marbling (p<0.05). In addition, the SNP showed a significant effect on the SCD mRNA expression levels (p = 0.041). Based on our results, we suggest that the SCD c.*2041T>C SNP plays a role in the gene regulation and affects the fatness qualities in Berkshire pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Sang Lim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea ; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Eun-A Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Jee-Hwan Choe
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Hong
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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48
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Muhlisin, Panjono, Kim DS, Song YR, Lee SJ, Lee JK, Lee SK. Effects of Gas Composition in the Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Shelf-life of Longissimus dorsi of Korean Native Black Pigs-Duroc Crossbred during Refrigerated Storage. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1157-63. [PMID: 25083110 PMCID: PMC4109872 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to observe the effects of gas composition in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the shelf-life of Longissimus dorsi of Korean Native Black Pigs-Duroc Crossbred (KNP×D) during refrigerated storage. Muscle sample was obtained from the left side of carcass of seven months old of KNP×D barrow. The sample was sliced into 1 cm in thickness, placed on trays (two slices/tray) and filled with different gas composition, i.e. 0:20:80/O2:CO2:N2 (MAP1), 30:20:50/O2:CO2:N2 (MAP2) and 70:20:10/O2:CO2:N2 (MAP3). Other slices of sample were vacuum packed (VP) as a control. All packs were stored at 5±1°C. At 12 d of storage, pH value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and pH value of MAP1 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP. At 6 d of storage, redness (a*) value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of VP and MAP1 and, at 9 and 12 d of storage, redness value of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP, MAP1, and MAP2. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of MAP3 was higher than that of MAP2 and TBARS value of MAP2 was higher than that of VP and MAP1. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, volatile basic nitrogen values of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1. At 3 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1 and, at 6 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and MAP2. However, there was no significant different total aerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 at 9 and 12 d of storage. There was no significant different total anaerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 during storage. It is concluded that the MAP containing 30:20:50/O2:CO2:N2 gas composition (MAP2) might be ideal for better meat quality for KNP×D meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhlisin
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
| | - Panjono
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
| | | | | | - Sung-Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Jeong Koo Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Corresponding Author: Sung Ki Lee. Tel: +82-33-250-8646, Fax: +82-33-251-7719, E-mail:
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49
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Muhlisin, Panjono, Lee SJ, Lee JK, Lee SK. Effects of crossbreeding and gender on the carcass traits and meat quality of korean native black pig and duroc crossbred. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1019-25. [PMID: 25050045 PMCID: PMC4093575 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to observe the effects of crossbreeding and gender on the carcass traits and meat quality of Korean Native Black Pig (KNP) and KNP×Duroc crossbred (KNP×D). A total of 50 pigs comprising seven KNP barrows, eight KNP gilts, twenty KNP×D barrows and fifteen KNP×D gilts were used in this study. Animals were reared in the same housing condition with same feed diet for six months prior to slaughter. After an overnight chilling, the carcasses were graded, and samples of Musculus longissimus dorsi were obtained for meat quality analysis. The slaughter and carcass weights and dressing percentage of KNP×D were higher (p<0.001) than those of KNP. The slaughter and carcass weights and backfat thickness of barrows were higher (p<0.01) than those of gilts. There were no significant difference in carcass conformation and quality grade between KNP and KNP×D as well as barrow and gilt. Fat content of KNP×D was higher (p<0.001) than that of KNP. Fat content of barrow was higher (p<0.001) than that of gilt. There was interaction between crossbreeding and gender on the fat content. KNP gilt showed higher fat content than KNP barrow whereas KNP×D barrow showed higher fat content than KNP×D gilt. Lightness, redness, yellowness, chroma and hue angle values and color preference of meat of KNP×D were lower (p<0.001) than those of KNP. Redness, yellowness and chroma values of meat of barrow were lower (p<0.05) than those of gilt. It is concluded that crossbreeding KNP with Duroc increases carcass productivity and meat fat but decreases meat color values and preference. Crossbreeding of KNP with Duroc produces a better fat deposition in meat of barrows than in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhlisin
- Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea ; Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Panjono
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sung-Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Jeong Koo Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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50
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Oh JD, Song KD, Seo JH, Kim DK, Kim SH, Seo KS, Lim HT, Lee JB, Park HC, Ryu YC, Kang MS, Cho S, Kim ES, Choe HS, Kong HS, Lee HK. Genetic traceability of black pig meats using microsatellite markers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:926-31. [PMID: 25050032 PMCID: PMC4093566 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pork from Jeju black pig (population J) and Berkshire (population B) has a unique market share in Korea because of their high meat quality. Due to the high demand of this pork, traceability of the pork to its origin is becoming an important part of the consumer demand. To examine the feasibility of such a system, we aim to provide basic genetic information of the two black pig populations and assess the possibility of genetically distinguishing between the two breeds. Muscle samples were collected from slaughter houses in Jeju Island and Namwon, Chonbuk province, Korea, for populations J and B, respectively. In total 800 Jeju black pigs and 351 Berkshires were genotyped at thirteen microsatellite (MS) markers. Analyses on the genetic diversity of the two populations were carried out in the programs MS toolkit and FSTAT. The population structure of the two breeds was determined by a Bayesian clustering method implemented in structure and by a phylogenetic analysis in Phylip. Population J exhibited higher mean number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity value, and polymorphism information content, compared to population B. The FIS values of population J and population B were 0.03 and −0.005, respectively, indicating that little or no inbreeding has occurred. In addition, genetic structure analysis revealed the possibility of gene flow from population B to population J. The expected probability of identify value of the 13 MS markers was 9.87×10−14 in population J, 3.17×10−9 in population B, and 1.03×10−12 in the two populations. The results of this study are useful in distinguishing between the two black pig breeds and can be used as a foundation for further development of DNA markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Don Oh
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-649, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-649, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Seo
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-649, Korea
| | - Duk-Kyung Kim
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-649, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-649, Korea
| | - Kang-Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea
| | - Hyun-Tae Lim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | | | - Youn-Chul Ryu
- Major of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kang
- Major of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | | | - Eui-Soo Kim
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-649, Korea ; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ho-Sung Choe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Hong-Sik Kong
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-649, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-649, Korea
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