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Ahaduzzaman M, Groves PJ, Walkden-Brown SW, Gerber PF. A molecular based method for rapid detection of Salmonella spp. in poultry dust samples. MethodsX 2021; 8:101356. [PMID: 34430257 PMCID: PMC8374386 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella spp., is a widely reported foodborne zoonosis frequently associated with ingestion of poultry products. Salmonella vaccination of chickens can be used to reduce bacterial shedding and risk of human infection. To determine Salmonella burden in chicken farms, culture methods of environmental samples that require a turn-around time of 5–7 days are usually used. Rapid screening using molecular assays such as PCR of pre-enriched broth has been reported for Salmonella spp. detection in feed, floor dust, and drag swabs within 2–3 days. Here we report an adaptation of the method for detection of Salmonella in poultry dust samples collected using a settle plate method under experimental conditions. Key features:Passive dust sample collection using dry settle plates without media suspended from dropper lines of drinkers. Small amount of sample required for the pre-enrichment process. Quantification of Salmonella DNA with high sensitivity using an inexpensive extraction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahaduzzaman
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Peter J Groves
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Stephen W Walkden-Brown
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Priscilla F Gerber
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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2
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Anggita M, Herawati O, Artanto S. Molecular Screening of Salmonella sp. from fecal sample of Sparrows (Passer domesticus) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213307003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild birds is one of the reservoir agent of some of various zoonotic diseases. The study was aim to see the potential of sparrow as the reservoir agent of Salmonella sp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We detected the invA gene of Salmonella sp. from faecal sample of sparrows (Passer domesticus) in local area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 30 faecal dropping samples were collected from sparrows. DNA was extracted from the faecal samples, then amplified by PCR for the target genes. The amplicons were electrophorized to see the visualization of DNA on the agarose gel. The result showed the prevalence of the positive result of Salmonella sp. was 3,3%. The study indicated that sparrows can spread zoonotic pathogens and this necessitates monitoring for the epidemiologic status of these pathogens among birds, also applying the appropriate intervention measures to prevent the transmission of zoonotic diseasesfrom birds to humans.
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3
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Paniel N, Noguer T. Detection of Salmonella in Food Matrices, from Conventional Methods to Recent Aptamer-Sensing Technologies. Foods 2019; 8:E371. [PMID: 31480504 PMCID: PMC6770675 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid detection of the foodborne pathogen Salmonella in food processing is of crucial importance to prevent food outbreaks and to ensure consumer safety. Detection and quantification of Salmonella species in food samples is routinely performed using conventional culture-based techniques, which are labor intensive, involve well-trained personnel, and are unsuitable for on-site and high-throughput analysis. To overcome these drawbacks, many research teams have developed alternative methods like biosensors, and more particularly aptasensors, were a nucleic acid is used as biorecognition element. The increasing interest in these devices is related to their high specificity, convenience, and relative rapid response. This review aims to present the advances made in these last years in the development of biosensors for the detection and the quantification of Salmonella, highlighting applications on meat from the chicken food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Paniel
- Laboratoire BAE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France.
- Unité EMaiRIT'S, Centre Technique de la Conservation des Produits Agricoles (CTCPA), Site Agroparc, 449 Avenue Clément Ader, BP21203, 84911 Avignon, France.
| | - Thierry Noguer
- Laboratoire BAE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France.
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR 3579, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC) Paris 6 et CNRS, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
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4
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Ibrahim WA, Abd El-Ghany WA, Nasef SA, Hatem M. A comparative study on the use of real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and standard isolation techniques for the detection of Salmonellae in broiler chicks. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A. Ibrahim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production-Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Soad A. Nasef
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production-Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - M.E. Hatem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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5
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Fadel HM, Ahmed A. Screening of crows and waterfowls for Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2019.9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Wild birds can carry a number of potential human and animal pathogens. These birds can intrude into human habitats giving the opportunity to transmission of such infection. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the role of crows and waterfowls as vectors of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes and to compare cultivation methods with direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of infection. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 fecal dropping samples were collected. Salmonella was cultivated by three step method (Universal Pre-enrichment Broth [UPB], Rappaport-Vassiliadis Broth, and Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate agar). The recovered isolates were characterized by biotyping, serotyping, and PCR detection of enterotoxin (stn) gene. The antibiogram pattern of isolates against a panel of 8 antibiotics was recorded. L. monocytogenes was cultivated on UPB, then on Listeria Oxford Agar and Listeria CHROMagar. The recovered isolates were characterized by biotyping and PCR detection of listeriolysin (hylA) gene. Results: The percentages of Salmonella infection in crows and waterfowls were 10 and 20, respectively. The most frequently recovered serovars were Typhimurium, Potengi, Enteritidis, and Kentucky. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of Salmonella isolates showed that the resistance rates for gentamicin were the highest (92%), followed by amoxicillin (88%) and cefixime (60%). Resistance to 8 antibiotics was recorded in 60% (15/25) of Salmonella isolates. The percentages of L. monocytogenes infection in crows and waterfowls were 1.3 and 2, respectively. Direct PCR applied to UPB revealed that 12% and 3% of samples were positive for Salmonella and L. monocytogenes, respectively, and there was no significant difference between direct PCR and cultivation method for the detection of infection. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that wild birds can harbor zoonotic enteric pathogens and this necessitates monitoring the epidemiologic status of these pathogens among wild birds and humans and applying the appropriate intervention measures to prevent the spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Mohamed Fadel
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amira Ahmed
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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6
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Siala M, Barbana A, Smaoui S, Hachicha S, Marouane C, Kammoun S, Gdoura R, Messadi-Akrout F. Screening and Detecting Salmonella in Different Food Matrices in Southern Tunisia Using a Combined Enrichment/Real-Time PCR Method: Correlation with Conventional Culture Method. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2416. [PMID: 29270157 PMCID: PMC5725475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A combined enrichment/ newly developed invA TaqMan® real-time PCR (qPCR) method as a screening assay to detect Salmonella spp. in 500 naturally food matrices is evaluated. DNA template for qPCR was extracted from an overnight pre-enriched sample in buffered peptone water using lysis–guanidine isothiocyanate method. Heterologous internal amplification control (IAC) was incorporated during qPCR assays and co-amplified with the invA gene of the target pathogen. InvA qPCR exhibited 100% specificity when testing 94 Salmonella strains (inclusivity) and 32 non-Salmonella strains (exclusivity). The qPCR showed a consistent detection of two copies of the invA gene/PCR reaction, a good intra- and inter-run reproducibility with a good PCR efficiency (89.6%). QPCR was sensitive and showed Salmonella detection at 8.5 × 100 CFU mL-1 of artificially spiked poultry meat -BWP solution in less than 40 cycles. When analyzing 500 different food matrices and comparing the results with the ISO 6579:2002 conventional culture method, the sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 76.6%, respectively. QPCR showed Salmonella spp. DNA in raw poultry meat 27/45 (60%), milk 31/93 (33.3%), raw red meat 5/13 (38.5%), and fish 11/46 (23.9%) samples. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in cakes, dairy, cooked meals, charcuterie products using qPCR was 11/14 (26.8%), 5/22 (22.7%), 32/150 (21.3%), and 5/20 (25%), respectively, compared to 0% as demonstrated by culture. S. Anatum was the most common serovar found associated with red meat compared to S. kentucky isolated from fish and poultry meat. In conclusion, our study is the first to use a combined enrichment/invA qPCR method as a screening assay to detect Salmonella DNA in different types of commercialized food in Southern Tunisia. QPCR results indicate that Salmonella contamination is common in milk and in other types of food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Siala
- Department of Biology, Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amina Barbana
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Smaoui
- Regional Hygiene Care Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salma Hachicha
- Regional Hygiene Care Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chema Marouane
- Regional Hygiene Care Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sana Kammoun
- Regional Hygiene Care Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Férièle Messadi-Akrout
- Regional Hygiene Care Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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7
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Detection of DNA from Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus after simplified enrichment using a novel multiplex real-time PCR system. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Is it safe to eat raw seafood? Prevalence of Salmonella in some seafood products sold in Alexandria markets. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2016; 88:115-20. [PMID: 23963092 DOI: 10.1097/01.epx.0000433559.22563.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is a significant microbial hazard in seafood. Salmonella-contaminated seafood usually looks and smells normal; it is therefore essential that every effort is made toward the rapid detection of Salmonella as an important criterion in quality control of seafood. AIMS This study aims to determine the percentage of Salmonella in some Egyptian seafood sold in Alexandria markets and to study the validity of Chromagar Salmonella Plus (CASP) agar versus xylose lysine desoxycholate and Salmonella-Shigella agar for the isolation and identification of Salmonella in seafood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and twenty-five samples of three seafood types, shrimp, gandofli, and river mussel (om-elkhloul) were studied. Samples were selectively enriched in Rappaport-Vassiliadis and tetrathionate broth, and then plated onto the aforementioned plating media for the detection of Salmonella. RESULTS In total, Salmonella was detected in 9.8% of the samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the media used varied according to the media and enrichment broth combinations used. The CASP and Rappaport-Vassiliadis combination yielded the best sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 95.45, 100, 100, 99.5, and 99.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION CASP was more accurate than xylose lysine desoxycholate and Salmonella-Shigella in the detection of Salmonella from seafood samples. We recommend that CASP medium should be tested against more Salmonella-positive samples before it is used as a screening plating medium for Salmonella in seafood.
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Jaradat ZW, Abedel Hafiz L, Ababneh MM, Ababneh QO, Al Mousa W, Al-Nabulsi A, Osaili TM, Holley R. Comparative analysis of virulence and resistance profiles of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from poultry meat and foodborne outbreaks in northern Jordan. Virulence 2014; 5:601-10. [PMID: 24780883 DOI: 10.4161/viru.29002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to isolate Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry samples and compare their virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles to S. Enteritidis isolated from outbreaks in northern Jordan. Two hundred presumptive isolates were obtained from 302 raw poultry samples and were subjected to further analysis and confirmation. A phylogenic tree based on 16S rRNA sequencing was constructed and selected isolates representing each cluster were further studied for their virulence in normal adult Swiss white mice. The most virulent strains were isolated from poultry samples and had an LD 50 of 1.55 × 10 (5) CFU, while some of the outbreak isolates were avirulent in mice. Antibiotic resistance profiling revealed that the isolates were resistant to seven of eight antibiotics screened with each isolate resistant to multiple antibiotics (from two to six). Of the poultry isolates, 100%, 88.9%, 77.8%, 66.7%, and 50% showed resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, and cefoperazone, respectively. Two outbreak isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics, while 71.4% were resistant to cefoperazone and only 28.6% showed resistance to nalidixic acid. Salmonella outbreak isolates were genetically related to poultry isolates as inferred from the 16S rRNA sequencing, yet were phenotypically different. Although outbreak strains were similar to poultry isolates, when tested in the mouse model, some of the outbreak isolates were highly virulent while others were avirulent. This might be due to a variation in susceptibility of the mouse to different S. Enteritidis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad W Jaradat
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid, Jordan
| | - Leena Abedel Hafiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mustafa M Ababneh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid, Jordan
| | - Qotaibah O Ababneh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid, Jordan; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Texas A&M University; College Station, TX USA
| | - Waseem Al Mousa
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anas Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid, Jordan
| | - Richard Holley
- Department of Food Science; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg, MB Canada
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10
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Köppel R, Kuslyte AR, Tolido I, Schmid J, Marti G. Nonaplex real-time PCR detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, Salmonella and enteropathogene E. coli after universal enrichment in food samples. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Chlamydophila in bald ibis (Geronticus eremita) feces in Turkey. J Zoo Wildl Med 2013; 44:21-6. [PMID: 23505699 DOI: 10.1638/1042-7260-44.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Chlamydophila psittaci in fecal samples of bald ibises (Geronticus eremita) housed in a conservation facility in Turkey. A total of 82 fecal samples were collected from cages and evaluated by bacteriologic methods and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. and by PCR for C. psittaci. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 24 of 82 fecal samples (29.2%). Of these 18 (75%), 4 (16.7%) and 2 (8.3%) were Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and other Campylobacter spp., respectively. Salmonella spp. were detected in 8 fecal specimens.(9.7%) by PCR. The presence of C. psittaci was not detected in the bald ibises studied. The results suggested that the bald ibises in this present study might be at a higher risk of infection with Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp.
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Guzmán-Gómez G, Ayala Valdovinos MA, Cabrera-Díaz E, Pérez-Montaño JA, Muñoz-Valle JF, Torres-Vitela MR, Ruiz-Quezada SL. Frequency of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in five commercial brands of chicken eggs using a combined method of enrichment and nested-PCR. J Food Prot 2013; 76:429-34. [PMID: 23462079 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Eggs or egg-based foods, either raw or undercooked, have been identified as vehicles of Salmonella outbreaks. The low numbers of Salmonella organisms in eggs makes it difficult to detect them in frequency studies. The nested-PCR (n-PCR) technique shows more sensitivity and specificity than bacteriological culture methods (BCMs). A preenrichment method followed by enrichment and n-PCR is a good alternative for the investigation of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in eggs. A total of 2,650 chicken eggs representing five commercial brands were purchased from 10 grocery stores. Ten eggs of each brand were combined in order to obtain 265 pooled samples (53 per brand). The shells and yolks of 100 pooled samples were analyzed for Salmonella, while the shells of 65 pooled samples were analyzed for L. monocytogenes, using BCM and a combined method of enrichment and n-PCR (CM-n-PCR). Sixteen eggshell pooled samples tested positive for Salmonella by CM-n-PCR, compared with only two by BCM. Three egg yolk pooled samples tested positive for this pathogen by CM-n-PCR; none tested positive by BCM. Three eggshell pooled samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes by CM-n-PCR and none by BCM. In Mexico, as in other countries, official methods for detection of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes in foods are based on standard bacteriological culture techniques. The inclusion of more sensitive methods such as the one used in the present investigation would increase the probability of detecting positive samples, particularly in those foods in which a very low number of cells is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Guzmán-Gómez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Km. 15.5 Carretera a Nogales, Predio las Agujas, C.P. 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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13
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Sensitivity of the ISO 6579:2002/Amd 1:2007 standard method for detection of Salmonella spp. on mesenteric lymph nodes from slaughter pigs. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 51:89-94. [PMID: 23100334 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02099-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ISO 6579:2002/Amd 1:2007 (ISO) standard has been the bacteriological standard method used in the European Union for the detection of Salmonella spp. in pig mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), but there are no published estimates of the diagnostic sensitivity (Se) of the method in this matrix. Here, the Se of the ISO (Se(ISO)) was estimated on 675 samples selected from two populations with different Salmonella prevalences (14 farms with a ≥ 20% prevalence and 13 farms with a <20% prevalence) and through the use of latent-class models in concert with Bayesian inference, assuming 100% ISO specificity, and an invA-based PCR as the second diagnostic method. The Se(ISO) was estimated to be close to 87%, while the sensitivity of the PCR reached up to 83.6% and its specificity was 97.4%. Interestingly, the bacteriological reanalysis of 33 potential false-negative (PCR-positive) samples allowed isolation of 19 (57.5%) new Salmonella strains, improving the overall diagnostic accuracy of the bacteriology. Considering the usual limitations of bacteriology regarding Se, these results support the adequacy of the ISO for the detection of Salmonella spp. from MLN and also that of the PCR-based method as an alternative or complementary (screening) test for the diagnosis of pig salmonellosis, particularly considering the cost and time benefits of the molecular procedure.
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15
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Silva D, Ávila L, Berg R, Silva D, Conde S, Lemos M, Fagliari J. Comparação do isolamento microbiológico e da reação em cadeia da polimerase no diagnóstico de salmonelose em bezerros infectados experimentalmente com Salmonella Typhimurium. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000500029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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16
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Temelli S, Eyigor A, Carli KT. SalmonellaSerogroup Detection in Poultry Meat Samples by Examining Multiple Colonies from Selective Plates of Two Standard Culture Methods. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:1229-34. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seran Temelli
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Eyigor
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kamil Tayfun Carli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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17
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Eyigor A, Temelli S, Carli KT. Evaluation of ISO 6579 and FDA-BAM Methods to Complement Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Salmonella in Naturally Contaminated Poultry Meat and Red Meat. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:921-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Eyigor
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Seran Temelli
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kamil Tayfun Carli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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18
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Temelli S, Kahya S, Eyigor A, Carli K. Incidence of Salmonella Enteritidis in chicken layer flocks in Turkey: Results by real-time polymerase chain reaction and International Organization for Standardization culture methods. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1406-10. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Silva D, Silva D, Silva P, Cícero E, Ferraz A, Lemos M, Fagliari J. Avaliação da reação em cadeia da polimerase e do isolamento bacteriológico convencional na detecção de Salmonella Dublin em amostras de fezes de bezerros infectados experimentalmente. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352010000300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Trevanich S, Tiyapongpattana S, Miyamoto T. Application of an optimized 18-h method involving one step culturing and single primer-based PCR assay for detection of Salmonella spp. in foods. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Badosa E, Chico N, Pla M, Parés D, Montesinos E. Evaluation of ISO enrichment real-time PCR methods with internal amplification control for detection ofListeria monocytogenesandSalmonella entericain fresh fruit and vegetables. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 49:105-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Mirmomeni MH, Colagar AH, Ghazaey S. Molecular study of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry samples by PCR, plasmid curing, antibiotic resistance and protein pattern analysis. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 10:1562-70. [PMID: 19086500 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.1562.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study two control isolates of Salmonella enteritidis, RTCC1623 and RTCC1624, were obtained from the institute ofRazi (Karaj-Iran) and 14 strains were isolated from poultry samples in Kermanshah province of Iran, according to a standard protocol. These isolates were confirmed by PCR amplification of SefA gene fragments. Results showed that, 6 isolates of 14 isolates of Salmonella which their biochemical tests were positive contain 511 bp amplified fragments of the SefA gene. In other purpose, to correlating the presence of plasmids with antibiotic resistance and protein pattern, plasmid DNA was isolated before and after plasmid curing by using the alkaline lysis method. Strains of S. enteritidis contain seven different plasmid profiles (P1-P7) which were characterized by antibiotic resistance and protein pattern. Our observed showed, there was a high molecular weight plasmid with Rf 0.17 in all strains and the frequency of other plasmids was low. The plasmid with Rf about 0.2 is responsible for resistance to Cephalothin and the isolates that lost it were susceptible to this antibiotic. All strains, 100%, were resistant to ampicillin before and after curing of strains. According to present findings, PCR is a rapid and sensitive method for typing of S. enteritidis and plasmid profiling; antibiotic resistance and protein pattern are suitable methods for subtyping of S. enteritidis isolates. No direct correlation was found between plasmid contents, antibiotic resistance patterns and protein profiles of local S. enteritidis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Mirmomeni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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O'Regan E, McCabe E, Burgess C, McGuinness S, Barry T, Duffy G, Whyte P, Fanning S. Development of a real-time multiplex PCR assay for the detection of multiple Salmonella serotypes in chicken samples. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8:156. [PMID: 18803876 PMCID: PMC2564954 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A real-time multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection of multiple Salmonella serotypes in chicken samples. Poultry-associated serotypes detected in the assay include Enteritidis, Gallinarum, Typhimurium, Kentucky and Dublin. The traditional cultural method according to EN ISO 6579:2002 for the detection of Salmonella in food was performed in parallel. The real-time PCR based method comprised a pre-enrichment step in Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) overnight, followed by a shortened selective enrichment in Rappaport Vasilliadis Soya Broth (RVS) for 6 hours and subsequent DNA extraction. Results The real-time multiplex PCR assay and traditional cultural method showed 100% inclusivity and 100% exclusivity on all strains tested. The real-time multiplex PCR assay was as sensitive as the traditional cultural method in detecting Salmonella in artificially contaminated chicken samples and correctly identified the serotype. Artificially contaminated chicken samples resulted in a detection limit of between 1 and 10 CFU per 25 g sample for both methods. A total of sixty-three naturally contaminated chicken samples were investigated by both methods and relative accuracy, relative sensitivity and relative specificity of the real-time PCR method were determined to be 89, 94 and 87%, respectively. Thirty cultures blind tested were correctly identified by the real-time multiplex PCR method. Conclusion Real-time PCR methodology can contribute to meet the need for rapid identification and detection methods in food testing laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel O'Regan
- Centres for Food Safety and Food-borne Zoonomics, UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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VON RÜCKERT DIMITRIALEKSANDERSALDANHA, DE ARRUDA PINTO PAULOSÉRGIO, VANETTI MARIACRISTINADANTAS, MORAES MAUROPIRES, JUNIOR ABELARDOSILVA, NERO LUÍSAUGUSTO. ASSESSMENT OF CONVENTIONAL DETECTION METHOD, IMMUNOANALYSIS AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR SALMONELLA SPP. MONITORING IN CHICKEN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2008.00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sareyyüpoğlu B, Ok AÇ, Cantekin Z, Yardımcı H, Akan M, Akçay A. Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Salmonella spp. in Fecal Samples of Pet Birds. Avian Dis 2008; 52:163-7. [DOI: 10.1637/8052-070507-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mainar-Jaime RC, Atashparvar N, Chirino-Trejo M. Estimation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the invA-gene-based PCR Technique and a Bacteriological Culture for the Detection of Salmonella spp. in Caecal Content from Slaughtered Pigs using Bayesian Analysis. Zoonoses Public Health 2008; 55:112-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shabarinath S, Sanath Kumar H, Khushiramani R, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I. Detection and characterization of Salmonella associated with tropical seafood. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 114:227-33. [PMID: 17141346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Salmonella in seafood samples collected from the southwest coast of India was studied by conventional culture and by a DNA based molecular technique, polymerase chain reaction (PCR). While conventional culture techniques detected Salmonella in only 20 out of the 100 samples analyzed, direct enrichment lysate PCR detected 52 as positive for Salmonella. A set of three different PCR primers viz., hns, invA and invE were used. It was observed that hns primer detected Salmonella in a significantly higher number of samples. Fourteen out of nineteen isolates belonged to serovar S. enterica Weltevreden. S. Weltevreden isolates were genotyped yielding 4 different patterns both by RAPD and ERIC-PCR but when combined, the overall results discriminated the isolates of S. Weltevreden into 6 different types. This suggests that genetically diverse Salmonella Weltevreden are prevalent in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shabarinath
- Department of Fishery Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences, University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore-575 002, India
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Zhang L, Yan Z, Ryser ET. Comparison of the reveal test, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration culture method, and selective media for recovery of Salmonella enteritidis from commercial egg layer flock environments. J Food Prot 2006; 69:2766-9. [PMID: 17133825 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.11.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the United States, and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is the second most frequently isolated Salmonella serovar. Egg products are most often associated with outbreaks of SE infection. To prevent SE contamination of eggs, many producers are implementing flock inspections for SE at their facilities. A rapid and simple method for detecting SE in poultry environmental samples is critical for effective control of SE. In this study, the Reveal test for SE was compared with the conventional U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) culture method for detecting SE in naturally contaminated environmental samples. The efficacy of two enrichment media, tetrathionate broth (TT) and Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (RV), and three selective plating media, brilliant green agar with novobiocin (BGN), xylose lysine tergitol 4 agar (XLT4), and bismuth sulfite agar (BS), also were compared for SE isolation. One hundred twenty-eight environmental drag swab samples were collected from two previously identified SE-positive chicken flocks in two U.S. states and analyzed in parallel using the Reveal test and the FDA culture method. Twenty-five samples (19.5%) yielded SE when the Reveal test was used, and 23 samples (18.0%) were positive for SE by the FDA culture method. No significant difference in efficacy (P = 0.527) was found between the two methods. The Reveal test had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 83, 94, and 92%, respectively. Overall, a significantly greater number of positive samples was obtained after enrichment in RV compared with TT. XLT4 and BGN were more efficient than BS for isolating SE. However, no single method or medium successfully recovered SE from all SE-positive environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1225, USA
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Myint MS, Johnson YJ, Tablante NL, Heckert RA. The effect of pre-enrichment protocol on the sensitivity and specificity of PCR for detection of naturally contaminated Salmonella in raw poultry compared to conventional culture. Food Microbiol 2006; 23:599-604. [PMID: 16943057 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Conventional culture techniques for the detection of Salmonella spp. are labor intensive and time consuming. Several rapid detection methods have been developed over the past few years. However, standard methods for sample handling and preparation have not been established and limited data are available on the sensitivity and specificity of these methods for detection of Salmonella in naturally contaminated retail meat. Using culture as the gold standard for Salmonella detection in naturally contaminated raw poultry products, the sensitivity and specificity of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method was determined under varying enrichment protocols. Chicken meat samples (ground, boneless/skinless breast meat, and bone-in breast meat with skin) from retail grocery stores were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water (BPW) and Salmonella specific primers ST 11 and ST 15 were used to amplify a 429 bp region of random fragment target specific to all Salmonella spp. There was a significant decrease (P-value<0.001) in the sensitivity of the PCR test when BPW pre-enrichment alone (85%) was used compared to the sensitivity achieved after both BPW enrichment and selective enrichment with RV and TT-H (100%). PCR failed to detect any positive samples when no pre-enrichment was conducted. A minimum of 12h pre-enrichment was required for detection of Salmonella by PCR at a limit of 100 colony forming unit (cfu)/1 ml of sample. No detectable amplification product was seen in those naturally contaminated meat samples testing negative by culture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Myint
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Arnold T, Scholz HC, Marg H, Rösler U, Hensel A. Impact of invA-PCR and culture detection methods on occurrence and survival of salmonella in the flesh, internal organs and lymphoid tissues of experimentally infected pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 51:459-63. [PMID: 15606871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the suitability of invA gene amplification by PCR as an effective means of detecting Salmonella species in pigs experimentally infected with S. Typhimurium DT104. A controlled infection study using 24 pigs was performed in order to compare efficacy, precision and detection rates of the invA-based PCR method originally described by Rahn, K. De Grandis, S.A., Clarke, R.C., McEwan, S.A., Galan, J.E., Ginocchio, C., Curtiss, R. 3rd, C.L. Gyles, (Mol. Cell. Probes 1992; 6: 271-279) as a new in-house invA-based PCR method for the specific detection of Salmonella spp. in pork and different tissue samples of slaughter pigs. Finally, PCR results were compared with culture detection rates obtained by isolation procedures following the ISO 6579:2000, the 'gold standard'. After slaughtering, 14 different tissue samples of each pig were investigated to verify the usefulness of the two invA-based PCR methods in different matrices of slaughter pigs. The results demonstrate that the application of the widely used invA-based primer pair (139 + 141) may result in questionable products if samples gained from selective enrichment in the Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium were investigated. These questionable products can lead to false-positive results, if no additional hybridization procedure is attached or if unspecialized persons use this method in routine laboratory practice. The newly developed in-house PCR method used is based on the 3'-prime region of invA, especially designed and harmonized for the detection of Salmonella in different matrices of slaughtered pigs after bacterial enriched broth culture. In this study, this PCR revealed no questionable products and, furthermore, the specificity of the amplificate could be tested by means of the restriction enzyme NdeI. In comparison with the culture detection procedure, the new PCR method has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%. Thus, this method might be used as a meaningful tool in eliminating Salmonella-positive carcasses at slaughterhouse level and thus, keeping them out of the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arnold
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Lin CK, Hung CL, Hsu SC, Tsai CC, Tsen HY. An improved PCR primer pair based on 16S rDNA for the specific detection of Salmonella serovars in food samples. J Food Prot 2004; 67:1335-43. [PMID: 15270483 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.7.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella serovars are some of the major bacterial pathogens that can cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of foodborne illness. Based on the sequence data in the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, two PCR primer pairs have been designed for the detection of all serovars of Salmonella. However, none of these primers were specific for Salmonella because complete sequence homology with certain non-Salmonella strains has been found within each of them. Thus, the specificities of these two primer pairs could not rely on only one of the two primers. In this study, we modified our previous 16SFI primer by extending one base at the 5' end and three bases at the 3' end. The modified primer, 16S-Sal, was designed with one or more mismatched bases near the 3' end of the primer annealing to the corresponding sequences of non-Salmonella strains. Such modification eliminates interference from Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae as occurs with the 16SFI primer. When 16S-Sal and a degenerate primer, 16S-CCR, were used as a primer pair, detection specificity of Salmonella serovars was achieved. Because this primer pair was used for PCR detection of the salmonellae in food samples, such as whole milk and chicken meat, as low as 1 to 9 CFU/g (ml) of the food sample could be detected when a 8-h preculture step was performed prior to the PCR. For chicken meat, the endogenous microflora did not interfere with the PCR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ku Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Hung-Kuang University, Shalu, Taichung County, Taiwan 433, Republic of China
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Fratamico PM. Comparison of culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), TaqMan Salmonella, and Transia Card Salmonella assays for detection of Salmonella spp. in naturally-contaminated ground chicken, ground turkey, and ground beef. Mol Cell Probes 2003; 17:215-21. [PMID: 14580395 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-8508(03)00056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Four types of assays were evaluated for the detection of Salmonella spp. in retail ground chicken (86 packages), ground turkey (104 packages), and ground beef (54 packages). Two 25 g samples from each package were separately subjected to pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water for 20 h at 37 degrees C followed by enrichment in Rappaport Vassiliadis (RV) broth for 20 h at 42 degrees C. The RV enrichments were plated onto Rambach agar, Rainbow Agar Salmonella, and XLT4 agar, and were also tested by a PCR assay targeting the Salmonella invA gene, as well as by the TaqMan Salmonella PCR assay. Additionally, the RV enrichments were tested using the Transia Card Salmonella immunoassay. Results showed that 16.8, 24.0, 28.8, and 26.4% of turkey samples were positive for Salmonella spp. by culture, PCR, TaqMan PCR, and Transia Card Salmonella assays, respectively. Eighteen, 28.5, 35.5, and 34.9% of chicken samples were positive by culture, PCR, TaqMan PCR, and Transia Card Salmonella assays, respectively, and 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, and 18.5% of ground beef samples were positive by the four assays, respectively. Analysis of the data using the kappa statistic showed that there was substantial to excellent agreement between the PCR and TaqMan PCR assays and between the PCR and culture assays (kappa coefficients ranging from 0.67 to 0.87), while there was poor to fair agreement between the results of the Transia Card Salmonella assay and the other methods (kappa coefficients ranging from 0.28 to 0.32). Overall, results showed that the PCR-based assays were more sensitive than the culture method, and the culture and PCR-based assays were more specific than the immunoassay for detection of Salmonella in ground chicken, turkey, and beef due to the occurrence of false positive results using the immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina M Fratamico
- Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
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Oliveira SD, Rodenbusch CR, Cé MC, Rocha SLS, Canal CW. Evaluation of selective and non-selective enrichment PCR procedures for Salmonella detection. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 36:217-21. [PMID: 12641714 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare PCR combined with enrichment media with the standard microbiological techniques (SMT) and to determine the most sensitive method for the detection of Salmonella and the identification of Salm. typhimurium (ST), Salm. enteritidis (SE), Salm. gallinarum (SG) and Salm. pullorum (SP). METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 87 samples from poultry using PCR and SMT, PCR being performed from non-selective (NS) and Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) media. PCR-NS was less sensitive than PCR-RV and SMT for the detection and identification of Salmonella. PCR-RV detected more positive samples of Salmonella sp. than SMT but both these methods showed similar sensitivity regarding the identification of Salmonella serovars. CONCLUSIONS PCR-RV was more sensitive and decreased the time necessary to detect and identify Salmonella. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY PCR-RV is a powerful tool for the rapid and accurate detection and identification of Salmonella and can be implemented in diagnostic and food analysis laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Oliveira
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Liu T, Liljebjelke K, Bartlett E, Hofacre C, Sanchez S, Maurer JJ. Application of nested polymerase chain reaction to detection of Salmonella in poultry environment. J Food Prot 2002; 65:1227-32. [PMID: 12182472 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-65.8.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of Salmonella from environmental and processing-plant poultry samples requires the sampling of large numbers of areas within the poultry house or plant. Subsequently, the required number of samples necessitates a large volume of work for a microbiology laboratory, especially when the protocol requires the inclusion of a delayed secondary enrichment for the isolation of Salmonella. This study examined the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify those secondary enrichments containing Salmonella. The unique Salmonella virulence gene invA was chosen as the target for the development of a nested PCR because of its uniform distribution among Salmonella serotypes. The use of nested PCR primers increased the sensitivity of detection 100-fold, resulting in the detection of as few as four cells. There was a strong, statistically significant positive correlation between PCR and culture results as determined by chi-square (P < 0.001) and kappa (kappa = 0.915; excellent agreement) tests. Using PCR to screen primary enrichments for presumptive Salmonella contamination, we improved our efficiency at isolating Salmonella upon secondary enrichment by 20%, and no false negatives were observed. This method will not only validate the use of secondary enrichment procedures but also reduce costs and manpower required for the surveillance of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongrui Liu
- Department of Avian Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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Oliveira SD, Santos LR, Schuch DMT, Silva AB, Salle CTP, Canal CW. Detection and identification of salmonellas from poultry-related samples by PCR. Vet Microbiol 2002; 87:25-35. [PMID: 12079744 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the generic detection of Salmonella sp. and the identification of S. Enteritidis (SE), S. Gallinarum (SG), S. Pullorum (SP) and S. Typhimurium (ST) in material collected in the field from poultry. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay combined with Rappaport-Vassiliadis selective enrichment broth (PCR-RV) were determined, and field samples were analyzed to verify the validity of the method application. Specificity of the assay was tested using 29 SE, 11 SG, 10 ST and 10 SP strains, along with 75 strains of 28 other Salmonella serovars and 21 strains of other bacterial genera. The assay was 100% specific for Salmonella detection and ST identification. The primer pair for SE, SG and SP also detected S. Berta. PCR detection limits for Salmonella at the genus level were 2 ST, 8 SE, 1.1x10(3) SG and 1.8x10(5) SP cells. At the serovar level, detection limits were 7 ST, 1.2x10(3) SE, 4.4x10(7) SG and 1.8x10(6) SP cells. At the genus level, PCR-RV detected approximately 128% more positive field samples than the standard microbiological techniques and results were ready in 48h instead of 7 days. PCR-RV method is diagnostic of Salmonella at the genus level and ST at the serovar level, although other tests are needed to identify SE, SG and SP to serovar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Oliveira
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 8824, 91540-000, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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