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Chollakup R, Uttayarat P, Chworos A, Smitthipong W. Noncovalent Sericin-Chitosan Scaffold: Physical Properties and Low Cytotoxicity Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E775. [PMID: 31991686 PMCID: PMC7036936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to utilize sericin, which is the waste from boiling silk cocoon, for the supramolecular scaffold preparation with chitosan. A suitable method for the self-assembled scaffold formation of sericin and chitosan at 1:1 stoichiometry is presented and the morphological and physical properties of the scaffold are studied. The effect of an alcohol/NaOH solution on the secondary structure of sericin protein within the sericin-chitosan scaffold, with adjusted pH, was investigated. Additionally, the scaffold was tested in a native phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The results show that sericin increases the porosity of scaffold while chitosan increases the rigidity. The self-assembled sericin and chitosan material is nontoxic to human cells and which can adhere and spread well on such support. For the effect of the molecular weight of chitosan (15,000 and 100,000 g/mol), the scaffold made from lower molecular weight (MW) chitosan provides a somewhat smaller porosity, but a similar swelling ratio and water uptake. On the basis of this research, sericin, which is a silk waste from the textile industry, can be utilized to produce a self-assembled scaffold with chitosan in order to increase the porosity of the scaffold. This type of scaffold is not toxic and can be used for the adhesion of fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungsima Chollakup
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Pimporn Uttayarat
- Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, 16 Vibravadeerungsit, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Arkadiusz Chworos
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90363 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wirasak Smitthipong
- Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Office of Natural Rubber Research Program, Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI), Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Du L, Yu Z, Pang F, Xu X, Mao A, Yuan W, He K, Li B. Targeted Delivery of GP5 Antigen of PRRSV to M Cells Enhances the Antigen-Specific Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:7. [PMID: 29423381 PMCID: PMC5788884 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient delivery of antigens through oral immunization is a first and critical step for successful induction of mucosal immunity, which can provide protection against pathogens invading the mucosa. Membranous/microfold cells (M cells) within the mucosa can transcytose internalized antigen without degradation and thus play an important role in initiating antigen-specific mucosal immune responses through inducing secretory IgA production. In this research, we modified poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) with Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) and successfully prepared an oral vaccine delivery system, UEA-1/PLGA NPs. PLGA NPs were prepared using a standard double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, which can protect the entrapped PRRSV DNA vaccine [pcDNA3.1-SynORF5 (synthetic ORF5)] or subunit vaccine ORF5-encoded glycoprotein (GP5) from exposure to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and release the plasmids in a controlled manner. With UEA-1 modification, the UEA-1/PLGA NPs can be effectively transported by M-cells. We investigated immune response induced by UEA-1/PLGA-SynORF5 or UEA-1/PLGA-GP5 following inoculation in mice and piglets. Compared with PLGA-SynORF5 or PLGA-GP5 NPs, UEA-1/PLGA-SynORF5, or UEA-1/PLGA-GP5 NPs stimulated significantly increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels in mice and piglets (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate UEA-1/PLGA NPs can be applied as a promising and universally robust oral vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Du
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Immunity Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fengjiao Pang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Mao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Animal Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Kongwang He
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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3
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DEKA BHABESHCHANDRA, BHATTACHARYYA PRADIPKR. Reactivity of chitosan derivatives and their interaction with guanine: A computational study. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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5
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Chakrabarty T, Shahi VK. Modified chitosan-based, pH-responsive membrane for protein separation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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6
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7
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Xiao Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Yan M, Lei M, Zeng K, Zhao C. Synthesis of novel tetravalent galactosylated DTPA-DSPE and study on hepatocyte-targeting efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3033-50. [PMID: 23976853 PMCID: PMC3746791 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s47495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the purposes of obtaining a hepatocyte-selective drug delivery system, a novel tetravalent galactosylated diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (4Gal-DTPA-DSPE) was synthesized. The chemical structure of 4Gal-DTPA-DSPE was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The four galactose-modified liposomes (4Gal-liposomes) were prepared by thin-film hydration method, then doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated into liposomes using an ammonium sulfate gradient loading method. The liposomal formulations with 4Gal-DTPA-DSPE were characterized by laser confocal scanning microscopy and flow cytometry analysis, and the results demonstrated that the 4Gal-liposomes facilitated the intracellular uptake of DOX into HepG2 cells via asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cytotoxicity assay showed that the cell proliferation inhibition effect of 4Gal-liposomes was higher than that of the conventional liposomes without the galactose. Additionally, pharmacokinetic experiments in rats revealed that the 4Gal-liposomes displayed slower clearance from the systemic circulation compared with conventional liposomes. The organ distributions in mice and the study on frozen sections of liver implied that the 4Gal-liposomes enhanced the intracellular uptake of DOX into hepatocytes and prolonged the circulation. Taken together, these results indicate that liposomes containing 4Gal-DTPA-DSPE have great potential as drug delivery carriers for hepatocyte-selective targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Deng L, Qi H, Yao C, Feng M, Dong A. Investigation on the properties of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)/chitosan graft co-polymers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156856207794761943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Deng
- a Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haiying Qi
- b Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chunmei Yao
- c Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Menghuang Feng
- d Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- e Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Mohamed NA, Abd El-Ghany NA. Preparation and antimicrobial activity of some carboxymethyl chitosan acyl thiourea derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:1280-5. [PMID: 22469914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl, chloroacetyl and benzoyl thiourea derivatives of carboxymethyl chitosan (ATUCMCS, CATUCMCS, and BZTUCMCS) with comparable grafting degree were synthesized and their structures were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The antimicrobial behaviors of CMCS and its derivatives against three types of bacteria [Bacillis subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococous aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)] and three crop-threatening pathogenic fungi [Aspergillus fumigate (A. fumigate), Geotrichum candidum (G. candidum) and Candida albicans (C. albicans)] were investigated. The results indicated that the antibacterial and the antifungal activities of the acyl thiourea derivatives are much higher than that of the parent CMCS. The acyl thiourea derivatives were more potent in case of Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. This is illustrated for example by the values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ATUCMCS, CATUCMCS and BZTUCMCS against B. subtilis were 3.9, 15.6 and 62.5, respectively, while the MIC values of these derivatives against E. coli were 62.5, 125 and 500. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the CATUCMCS is higher than that of the acetyl and benzoyl thiourea derivatives. This may be due to the presence of chlorine atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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11
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Dash M, Chiellini F, Ottenbrite R, Chiellini E. Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1932] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Polymeric Nanoparticles of Chitosan Derivatives as DNA and siRNA Carriers. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Chung YC, Wei MF, Chang FH, Young TH. PEGylated guanidinylated polyallylamine as gene-delivery carrier. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2010; 22:1829-43. [PMID: 20979687 DOI: 10.1163/092050610x528543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel cationic co-polymer was developed by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on guanidinylated polyallylamine (PAA) for gene delivery. Characterization of PEG-g-guanidinylated PAA/DNA complexes demonstrated that particle size increased and surface charge decreased with increasing the amount of PEG. The results of cytotoxicity assay proved that grafted PEG could effectively decrease the cytotoxicity of the complexes. In transfection efficiency assay, HeLa cells treated with PEG(2)-g-guanidinylated PAA (formed with 17.5 μmol guanidinylated PAA and 2 μmol PEG)/DNA (0.2 μg EGFP plasmid) complexes showed a very high level of EGFP expression. In conclusion, combination of guanidinylation and PEGylation could effectively decrease the cytotoxicity and significantly increase the transfection efficiency of PAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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14
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Zhao K, Li GX, Jin YY, Wei HX, Sun QS, Huang TT, Wang YF, Tong GZ. Preparation and immunological effectiveness of a Swine influenza DNA vaccine encapsulated in PLGA microspheres. J Microencapsul 2010; 27:178-86. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040903059239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Kean T, Thanou M. Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:3-11. [PMID: 19800377 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1070] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that has attracted significant scientific interest during the last two decades. It is a potentially biologically compatible material that is chemically versatile (-NH2 groups and various M(w)). These two basic properties have been used by drug delivery and tissue engineering scientists to create a plethora of formulations and scaffolds that show promise in healthcare. Despite the high number of published studies, chitosan is not approved by the FDA for any product in drug delivery, and as a consequence very few biotech companies are using this material. This review will aim to provide information on these biological properties that affect chitosan's safe use in drug delivery. The term "Chitosan" represents a large group of structurally different chemical entities that may show different biodistribution, biodegradation and toxicological profiles. Here we aim to review research in this area and critically discuss chitosan's potential to be used as a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) material.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kean
- Case Western Reserve University, Orthopaedics Department, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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16
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Kim SK, Park KM, Singha K, Kim J, Ahn Y, Kim K, Kim WJ. Galactosylated cucurbituril-inclusion polyplex for hepatocyte-targeted gene delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009; 46:692-4. [PMID: 20087489 DOI: 10.1039/b920753h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The work demonstrates a judicious approach to achieve hepatocyte cell-targeted highly efficient gene delivery by utilizing a supramolecular complex of galactosylated cucurbituril and dextran-spermine conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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17
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Lallana E, Fernandez-Megia E, Riguera R. Surpassing the use of copper in the click functionalization of polymeric nanostructures: a strain-promoted approach. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5748-50. [PMID: 19348483 DOI: 10.1021/ja8100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The limitations (depolymerization and Cu contamination) in the use of Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloadditions (CuAAC) for the selective click functionalization of polysaccharide-based systems have been efficiently surpassed using a strain-promoted approach (SPAAC). The SPAAC decoration of chitosan-g-poly(ethylene glycol) nanostructures with an immunoglobulin G under physiological conditions represents a step forward in the preparation of immunonanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lallana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, and Unidad de RMN de Biomoléculas Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, AVda. de las Ciencias S.N., 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Jiang HL, Kim TH, Kim YK, Park IY, Cho MH, Cho CS. Efficient gene delivery using chitosan-polyethylenimine hybrid systems. Biomed Mater 2008; 3:025013. [PMID: 18477817 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/2/025013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan and chitosan derivatives have been investigated as non-viral vectors because they have several advantages, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cytotoxicity and low immunogenicity. However, low transfection efficiency and low cell specificity must be solved for their use in clinical trials. In this paper, chitosan-polyethylenimine (PEI) hybrid systems such as chitosan/PEI blend and chitosan-graft-PEI are described for efficient gene delivery because the PEI has high transfection efficiency owing to a proton sponge effect and chitosan has biocompatibility. Also, hepatocyte specificity of the galactosylated chitosan is explained after combination with PEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Lin Jiang
- Department of Agricultural Bioechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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Dong AJ, Feng MH, Qi HY, Li SS, Deng LD. Synthesis and properties of O-carboxymethyl chitosan/methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:869-76. [PMID: 17665110 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
O-carboxymethyl chitosan/methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers (OCMCS-g-MPEGs) with different degrees of substitution (DS) were synthesized by reductive N-alkylation of chitosan with poly(ethylene glycol) aldehyde. The properties of OCMCS-g-MPEGs, including the solubility, structure, hydrodynamic behaviors, isoelectric point (IEP) and interaction with water-soluble chitosan, were investigated. As a PEGylated polyampholyte, OCMCS-g-MPEGs can resolve in water over all pH range and the pH value at IEP (pH(IEP)) decreases when DS increases. The hydrodynamic behaviors of OCMCS-g-MPEGs in deionized H(2)O are markedly affected by DS and pH(IEP) in the experiment concentration range. The particle size of the complexes of OCMCS-g-MPEGs with water-soluble chitosan is strongly affected by the concentration of water-soluble chitosan and the pH value.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
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Chen J, Tian B, Yin X, Zhang Y, Hu D, Hu Z, Liu M, Pan Y, Zhao J, Li H, Hou C, Wang J, Zhang Y. Preparation, characterization and transfection efficiency of cationic PEGylated PLA nanoparticles as gene delivery systems. J Biotechnol 2007; 130:107-13. [PMID: 17467097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cationic polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticle has emerged as a promising non-viral vector for gene delivery because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, they are not capable of prolonging gene transfer and high transfection efficiency. In order to achieve prolonged delivery of cationic PLA/DNA complexes and higher transfection efficiency, in this study, we used copolymer methoxypolyethyleneglycol-PLA (MePEG-PLA), PLA and chitosan (CS) to prepare MePEG-PLA-CS NPs and PLA-CS NPs by a diafiltration method and prepared NPs/DNA complexes through the complex coacervation of nanoparticles with the pDNA. The object of our work is to evaluate the characterization and transfection efficiency of MePEG-PLA-CS versus PLA-CS NPs. The MePEG-PLA-CS NPs have a zeta potential of 15.7 mV at pH 7.4 and size under 100 nm, while the zeta potential of PLA-CS NPs was only 4.5 mV at pH 7.4. Electrophoretic analysis suggested that both MePEG-PLA-CS NPs and PLA-CS NPs with positive charges could protect the DNA from nuclease degradation and cell viability assay showed MePEG-PLA-CS NPs exhibit a low cytotoxicity to normal human liver cells. The potential of PLA-CS NPs and MePEG-PLA-CS NPs as a non-viral gene delivery vector to transfer exogenous gene in vitro and in vivo were examined. The pDNA being carried by MePEG-PLA-CS NPs, PLA-CS NPs and lipofectamine could enter and express in COS7 cells. However, the transfection efficiency of MePEG-PLA-CS/DNA complexes was better than PLA-CS/DNA and lipofectamine/DNA complexes by inversion fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. It was distinctively to find that the transfection activity of PEGylation of complexes was improved. The nanoparticles were also tested for their ability to transport across the gastrointestinal mucosa in vivo in mice. In vivo experiments showed obviously that MePEG-PLA-CS/DNA complexes mediated higher gene expression in stomach and intestine of BALB/C mice compared to PLA-CS/DNA and lipofectamine/DNA complexes. These results suggested that MePEG-PLA-CS NPs have favorable properties for non-viral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiji Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang B, Pan Y, Ren L, Zhao J, Luo Y, Zhai D, Wang S, Wang J. Polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles as novel vectors in cancer gene therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2007; 3:144-53. [PMID: 17468053 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 01/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To make progress toward an efficient gene vector for cancer gene therapy, a novel nonviral vector of polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (PBCA NPs) was developed. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to modify the surface of PBCA NPs, and then the plasmid DNA (pDNA) of pAFP-TK was wrapped into PBCA-CTAB NPs. Atomic force microscopy and zeta potential demonstrated that PBCA-CTAB NPs were 80-200 nm in diameter and had +15.6 mV positive surface charges. Assay using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide showed that PBCA-CTAB NPs had less cytotoxicity to 3T3 cells than HepG2 cells. The analysis of PBCA-CTAB-DNA complexes could not only protect DNA from degradation by DNase I, it could also transfer pDNA into targeted cells with high transfection efficiency. Furthermore, when PBCA-CTAB NPs combined with suicide gene pAFP-TK, alpha-fetoprotein-positive cells transfected by it were highly sensitive to ganciclovir treatment, and cell survival declined precipitously. Therefore, this target strategy using a pAFP-TK/GCV suicide gene therapy system in which PBCA-CTAB NPs serve as gene delivery vectors explores a promising area for alpha-fetoprotein-positive hepatocellular carcinoma and associated carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangde Zhang
- National Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Fernandez-Megia E, Novoa-Carballal R, Quiñoá E, Riguera R. Conjugation of Bioactive Ligands to PEG-Grafted Chitosan at the Distal End of PEG. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:833-42. [PMID: 17302454 DOI: 10.1021/bm060889x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Graft copolymers of chitosan and PEG-CO(2)H incorporating biologically active molecules and tags (mannose, cholesterol, a coumarin dye, and biotin) at the distal end of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been synthesized in excellent yields and nearly quantitative mass recoveries. Experimental conditions allowing the preparation of multifunctional graft copolymers incorporating simultaneously several of those active molecules and tags in controlled ratios are also presented. The required functionalized PEG-CO(2)H conjugates have been prepared from a heterodifunctional PEG and the experimental conditions established to ensure the purity of PEG end groups ((1)H and (13)C NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry-time of flight (MALDI-TOF)) and the completion of each synthetic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Departamento de Química Organica, Unidad de RMN de Biomoléculas Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. de las Ciencias S.N., 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Lavertu M, Méthot S, Tran-Khanh N, Buschmann MD. High efficiency gene transfer using chitosan/DNA nanoparticles with specific combinations of molecular weight and degree of deacetylation. Biomaterials 2006; 27:4815-24. [PMID: 16725196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polysaccharide that has shown potential for gene delivery, although the ideal molecular weight (MW) and degree of deacetylation (DDA) for this application have not been elucidated. To examine the influence of these parameters on gene transfer, we produced chitosans with different DDAs (98%, 92%, 80% and 72%) and depolymerized them with nitrous acid to obtain different MWs (150, 80, 40 and 10 kDa). We produced 64 formulations of chitosan/pDNA complexes (16 chitosans, 2 amine-to-phosphate (N:P) ratios of 5:1 and 10:1 and 2 transfection media pH of 6.5 and 7.1), characterized them for size and surface charge, and tested them for gene transfection in HEK 293 cells in vitro. Several formulations produced high levels of transgene expression while two conditions, 92-10-5 and 80-10-10 [DDA-MW-N:P ratio] at pH 6.5, showed equivalence to our best positive control. The results also revealed an important coupling between DDA and MW of chitosan in determining transgene expression. Maximum expression was obtained with a certain combination of DDA and MW that depended on N:P ratio and the pH, but similar expression levels could be achieved by simultaneously lowering MW and increasing DDA or lowering DDA and increasing MW, suggesting a predominant role of particle stability, through co-operative electrostatic binding, in determining transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lavertu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, Que., Canada H3C 3A7
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Jiang X, Dai H, Leong KW, Goh SH, Mao HQ, Yang YY. Chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes deliver gene to the rat liver via intrabiliary and intraportal infusions. J Gene Med 2006; 8:477-87. [PMID: 16389625 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan has been shown to be a non-toxic and efficient vector for in vitro gene transfection and in vivo gene delivery through pulmonary and oral administrations. Recently, we have shown that chitosan/DNA nanoparticles could mediate high levels of gene expression following intrabiliary infusion 1. In this study, we have examined the possibility of using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafted chitosan/DNA complexes to deliver genes to the liver through bile duct and portal vein infusions. METHODS PEG (Mw: 5 kDa) was grafted onto chitosan (Mw: 47 kDa, deacetylation degree: 94%) with grafting degrees of 3.6% and 9.6% (molar percentage of chitosan monosaccharide units grafted with PEG). The stability of chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes was studied by measuring the change in particle size and by agarose gel electrophoresis against bile or serum challenge. The influence of PEG grafting on gene transfection efficiency was evaluated in HepG2 cells using luciferase reporter gene. Chitosan and chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes were delivered to the liver through bile duct and portal vein infusions with a syringe pump. Gene expression in the liver and the distribution of gene expression in other organs were evaluated. The acute liver toxicity of chitosan and chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes was examined by measuring serum alanine aminotranferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities as a function of time. RESULTS Both chitosan and chitosan-g-PEG displayed comparable gene transfection efficiency in HepG2 cells. After challenge with serum and bile, chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes, especially those prepared with chitosan-g-PEG (GD = 9.6%), did not form large aggregates like chitosan/DNA complexes but remained stable for up to 30 min. In addition, chitosan-g-PEG prevented the degradation of DNA in the presence of serum and bile. On day 3 after bile duct infusion, chitosan-g-PEG (GD = 9.6%)/DNA complexes mediated three times higher gene expression in the liver than chitosan/DNA complexes and yielded background levels of gene expression in other organs. On day 1 following portal vein infusion, gene expression level induced by chitosan/DNA complexes was hardly detectable but chitosan-g-PEG (GD = 9.6%) mediated significant transgene expression. Interestingly, transgene expression by chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes in other organs after portal vein infusion increased with increasing grafting degree of PEG. The ALT and AST assays indicated that grafting of PEG to chitosan reduced the acute liver toxicity towards the complexes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the potential of chitosan-g-PEG as a safe and more stable gene carrier to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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25
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Preparation of Chitosan-Coated Liposome Containing Anticancer Drug and DNA Complex. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2005. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2005.49.6.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Park IK, Cook SE, Kim YK, Kim HW, Cho MH, Jeong HJ, Kim EM, Nah JW, Bom HS, Cho CS. Glucosylated polyethylenimine as a tumor-targeting gene carrier. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:1302-10. [PMID: 16350859 DOI: 10.1007/bf02978216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucosylated polyethylenimine (GPEI) was synthesized as a tumor-targeting gene carrier through facilitative glucose metabolism by tumor glucose transporter. Particle sizes of GPEI/DNA complex increased in proportion to glucose content of GPEI, whereas surface charge of the complex was not dependent on glucosylation, partially due to inefficient shielding of the short hydrophilic group introduced. GPEI with higher glucosylation (36 mol-%) had no cytotoxic effect on cells even at polymer concentrations higher than 200 microg/mL. Compared to unglucosylated PEI, glucosylation induced less than one-order decrease of transfection efficiency. Transfection of GPEI/DNA complex into tumor cells possibly occurred through specific interaction between glucose-related cell receptors and glucose moiety of GPEI. Gamma imaging technique revealed GPEI/DNA complex was distributed in liver, spleen, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Kyu Park
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Kumar MNVR, Muzzarelli RAA, Muzzarelli C, Sashiwa H, Domb AJ. Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. Chem Rev 2005; 104:6017-84. [PMID: 15584695 DOI: 10.1021/cr030441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1764] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M N V Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-160 062, India.
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Springate CMK, Jackson JK, Gleave ME, Burt HM. Efficacy of an intratumoral controlled release formulation of clusterin antisense oligonucleotide complexed with chitosan containing paclitaxel or docetaxel in prostate cancer xenograft models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005; 56:239-47. [PMID: 15864591 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-004-0997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate an injectable, controlled release delivery system for a phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) based on complexed ASO:chitosan dispersed in a biodegradable polymeric paste for intratumoral treatment of solid tumors. METHODS Clusterin ASO was complexed with chitosan particles and incorporated into a paste based on a 60:40 blend of methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (MePEG) and triblock copolymer of poly(D: ,L: -lactic acid-co-caprolactone)-PEG-(D: ,L: -lactic acid-co-caprolactone). In vitro release profiles of clusterin ASO into phosphate-buffered saline at 37 degrees C were obtained under sink conditions and assayed by anionic exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. In vivo efficacy studies were carried out in human prostate PC-3 and LNCaP tumors grown subcutaneously in mice. Paste formulations of clusterin ASO with or without paclitaxel or docetaxel were injected intratumorally and tumor volumes and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured. RESULTS Controlled release of clusterin ASO was obtained over several weeks. The rate and extent of ASO release was proportional to the ratio of ASO to chitosan in the paste. Treatment of mice bearing PC-3 tumors with clusterin ASO plus paclitaxel or docetaxel paste had reduced mean tumor volume by greater than 50% at 4 weeks. Treatment of mice bearing LNCaP tumors with clusterin ASO plus paclitaxel reduced mean tumor volume and serum PSA level by more than 50% and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Complexation of clusterin ASO with chitosan and incorporation into polymeric paste with paclitaxel or docetaxel produced in vitro controlled release of the ASO and in vivo efficacy over 4 weeks following a single intratumoral injection in solid human prostate tumors in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Chitosan/administration & dosage
- Chitosan/chemistry
- Clusterin
- Delayed-Action Preparations
- Docetaxel
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Humans
- Injections, Intralesional
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Chaperones/administration & dosage
- Molecular Chaperones/chemistry
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Ointments
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/chemistry
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/chemistry
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Taxoids/administration & dosage
- Taxoids/chemistry
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Park IK, Jiang HL, Cook SE, Cho MH, Kim SI, Jeong HJ, Akaike T, Cho CS. Galactosylated chitosan (GC)-graft-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as hepatocyte-targeting DNA carrier:in vitro transfection. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:1284-9. [PMID: 15648108 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Galactosylated chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (GCPVP) was synthesized and characterized for hepatocyte-targeting gene carrier. GCPVP itself as well as GCPVP/DNA complex had negligible cytotoxicity regardless of the concentration of GCPVP and the charge ratio, but GCPVP/DNA complex had slightly cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells only in the case of the higher charge ratio and 20 mM of Ca2+ concentration used. Through the confocal laser scanning microscopy, it is shown that the endocytosis by interaction between galactose ligands of GCPVP and ASGPR of the hepatocytes was the major route of transfection of GCPVP/F-plasmid complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Kyu Park
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Roth CM, Sundaram S. Engineering synthetic vectors for improved DNA delivery: insights from intracellular pathways. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2004; 6:397-426. [PMID: 15255775 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.6.040803.140203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the area of nonviral gene delivery to date. Yet, synthetic vectors remain less efficient by orders of magnitude than their viral counterparts. Research continues toward unraveling and overcoming various barriers to the efficient delivery of DNA, whether in plasmid form encoding a gene or as an oligonucleotide for the selective inhibition of target gene expression. Novel components for overcoming these hurdles are continually being incorporated into the design of synthetic vectors, leading to increasingly more virus-like particles. Despite these advances, general principles defining the design of synthetic vectors are yet to be developed fully. A more quantitative analysis of the cellular uptake and intracellular processing of these vectors is required for the rational manipulation of vector design. Mathematical frameworks with a more conceptual basis will help obtain an integrated perspective on these complex systems. In this review, we critically examine the progress made toward the improved design of synthetic vectors by the strategic exploitation of intracellular mechanisms and explore newer possibilities to overcome obstacles in the practical realization of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Roth
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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