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Jeong C, Lee CH, Lee Y, Seo J, Wang W, Park KH, Oh E, Cho Y, Park C, Son YJ, Yoon Park JH, Kang H, Lee KW. Ulmus macrocarpa Hance trunk bark extracts inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and prevent ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117285. [PMID: 37839769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulmus macrocarpa Hance (UmH) bark has been traditionally utilized for medicinal purposes. The bark extract of this plant has diverse health benefits, and its potential role in enhancing bone health is of distinct interest, particularly when considering the substantial health and economic implications of bone-related pathologies, such as osteoporosis. Despite the compelling theoretical implications of UmH bark in fortifying bone health, no definitive evidence at the in vivo level is currently available, thus highlighting the innovative and as-yet-unexplored potential of this field of study. AIM OF THE STUDY Primarily, our study aims to conduct a meticulous analysis of the disparity in the concentration of active compounds in the UmH root bark (Umrb) and trunk bark (Umtb) extracts and confirm UmH bark's efficacy in enhancing bone health in vivo, illuminating the cellular mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Umrb and Umtb extracts were subjected to component analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography and then assessed for their inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation through the TRAP assay. An ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model replicates postmenopausal conditions commonly associated with osteoporosis. Micro-CT was used to analyze bone structure parameters, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and staining were used to assess bone formation markers and osteoclast activity. Furthermore, this study investigated the impact of the extract on the expression of pivotal proteins and genes involved in bone formation and resorption using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). RESULTS The findings of our study reveal a significant discrepancy in the concentration of active constituents between Umrb and Umtb, establishing Umtb as a superior source for promoting bone health. I addition, a standardized pilot-scale procedure was conducted for credibility. The bone health benefits of Umtb were verified using an OVX model. This validation involved the assessment of various parameters, including BMD, BV/TV, and BS/TV, using micro-CT imaging. Additionally, the activation of osteoblasts was evaluated by Umtb by measuring specific factors such as ALP, OCN, OPG in blood samples and through IHC staining. In the same investigations, diminished levels of osteoclast differentiation factors, such as TRAP, NFATc1, were also observed. The observed patterns exhibited consistency in vitro BMM investigations. CONCLUSIONS Through verification at both in vitro levels using BMMs and in vivo levels using the OVX-induced mouse model, our research demonstrates that Umtb is a more effective means of improving bone health in comparison to Umrb. These findings pave the way for developing health-functional foods or botanical drugs targeting osteoporosis and other bone-related disorders and enhance the prospects for future research extensions, including clinical studies, in extract applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhyeok Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hyung Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weihong Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunseok Oh
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youbin Cho
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chanyoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bio Convergence, Seoul National. University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Park WS, Kim HJ, Khalil AAK, Kang DM, Akter KM, Kwon JM, Kim YU, Piao XL, Koo KA, Ahn MJ. Anatomical and Chemical Characterization of Ulmus Species from South Korea. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122617. [PMID: 34961088 PMCID: PMC8707370 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ulmus species (Ulmaceae) are large deciduous trees distributed throughout Korea. Although their root and stem bark have been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases and wounds in folk medicine, commercial products are consumed without any standardization. Therefore, we examined anatomical and chemical differences among five Ulmus species in South Korea. Transverse sections of leaf, stem, and root barks were examined under a microscope to elucidate anatomical differences. Stem and root bark exhibited characteristic medullary ray and secretary canal size. Leaf surface, petiole, and midrib exhibited characteristic inner morphologies including stomatal size, parenchyma, and epidermal cell diameter, as well as ratio of vascular bundle thickness to diameter among the samples. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis of anatomical data efficiently differentiated the five species. To evaluate chemical differences among the five species, we quantified (-)-catechin, (-)-catechin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside, (-)-catechin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, (-)-catechin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, (-)-catechin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and (-)-catechin-5-O-β-D-apiofuranoside using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector. (-)-Catechin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside content was the highest among all compounds in all species, and (-)-catechin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside content was characteristically the highest in Ulmus parvifolia among the five species. Overall, the Ulmus species tested was able to be clearly distinguished on the basis of anatomy and chemical composition, which may be used as scientific criteria for appropriate identification and standard establishment for commercialization of these species
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.-S.P.); (D.-M.K.); (K.-M.A.); (J.-M.K.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH Co., Ltd., Seoul 06800, Korea;
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Dong-Min Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.-S.P.); (D.-M.K.); (K.-M.A.); (J.-M.K.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Kazi-Marjahan Akter
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.-S.P.); (D.-M.K.); (K.-M.A.); (J.-M.K.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Ji-Min Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.-S.P.); (D.-M.K.); (K.-M.A.); (J.-M.K.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Yong-ung Kim
- College of Herbal Bio-Industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea;
| | - Xiang-Lan Piao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Kyung-Ah Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.-S.P.); (D.-M.K.); (K.-M.A.); (J.-M.K.); (K.-A.K.)
- Azothbio Inc., Seongnam 13229, Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.-S.P.); (D.-M.K.); (K.-M.A.); (J.-M.K.); (K.-A.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Lee SG, Kang H. Anti-Obesity and Lipid Metabolism Effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1011-1021. [PMID: 34099594 PMCID: PMC9706023 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2102.02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Japanese elm) is used in Korea and other East Asian countries as a traditional herbal remedy to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases and ailments such as edema, gastric cancer and mastitis. For this study, we investigated the lipid metabolism and anti-obesity efficacy of ethyl alcohol extract of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica root bark (UDE). First, HPLC was performed to quantify the level of (+)-catechin, the active ingredient of UDE. In the following experiments, cultured 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed murine model were studied for anti-obesity efficacy by testing the lipid metabolism effects of UDE and (+)-catechin. In the test using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes, treatment with UDE inhibited adipocyte differentiation and significantly reduced the production of adipogenic genes and transcription factors PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c. HFD-fed, obese mice were administered with UDE (200 mg/kg per day) and (+)-catechin (30 mg/kg per day) by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Weight gain, epididymal and abdominal adipose tissue mass were significantly reduced, and a change in adipocyte size was observed in the UDE and (+)-catechin treatment groups compared to the untreated control group (***p < 0.001). Significantly lower total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were detected in UDE-treated HFD mice compared to the control, revealing the efficacy of UDE. In addition, it was found that lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was also significantly reduced after administration of UDE. These results suggest that UDE has significant anti-obesity and lipid metabolism effects through inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gyu Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-41-550-3015 Fax: +82-41-559-7934 E-mail:
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Afshari AR, Mollazadeh H, Mohtashami E, Soltani A, Soukhtanloo M, Hosseini A, Jalili-Nik M, Vahedi MM, Roshan MK, Sahebkar A. Protective Role of Natural Products in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Focus on Nitric Oxide Pathway. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:377-400. [PMID: 32000638 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200130104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In spite of therapeutic modalities such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains an incurable fatal disease. This necessitates further therapeutic options that could enhance the efficacy of existing modalities. Nitric Oxide (NO), a short-lived small molecule, has been revealed to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of GBM. Several studies have demonstrated that NO is involved in apoptosis, metastasis, cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and many other processes implicated in GBM pathobiology. Herein, we elaborate on the role of NO as a therapeutic target in GBM and discuss some natural products affecting the NO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohtashami
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Karimi Roshan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ulmus parvifolia Accelerates Skin Wound Healing by Regulating the Expression of MMPs and TGF-β. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010059. [PMID: 31887972 PMCID: PMC7019489 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulmus parvifolia is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of wounds. We intended to investigate the wound healing effect of the powder of Ulmus parvifolia (UP) root bark in a mouse wound healing model. We also determined the mechanisms of effects of U. parvifolia in skin and skin wound healing effects using a keratinocyte model. Animal experiments showed that the wound lesions in the mice decreased with 200 mesh U. parvifolia root bark powder and were significantly reduced with treatment by UP, compared with those treated with Ulmus macrocarpa (UM). Results from in vitro experiments also revealed that UP extract promoted the migration of human skin keratinocytes. UP powder treatment upregulated the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 protein and significantly increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels. We confirmed that topical administration of the bark powder exerted a significant effect on skin wound healing by upregulating the expression of MMP and transforming growth factor-β. Our study suggests that U. parvifolia may be a potential candidate for skin wound healing including epidermal skin rejuvenation.
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Park KH, Chung EY, Choi YN, Jang HY, Kim JS, Kim GB. Oral administration of Ulmus davidiana extract suppresses interleukin-1β expression in LPS-induced immune responses and lung injury. Genes Genomics 2019; 42:87-95. [PMID: 31736005 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulmus davidiana (UD) is a traditional Korean herb medicine that is used to treat inflammatory disorders. UD has been shown to modulate a number of inflammatory processes in vitro or in vivo studies. However, the molecular mechanisms of UD on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury remain to be understood. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of UD bark water extract on LPS-induced immune responses and lung injury using both in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS RAW 264.7 cells and a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI) were used to study the effects of UD on several parameters. Nitrite level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and plasma transaminase activities in blood were also determined. Pathological investigations were also performed. RESULTS LPS infusion resulted in elevated IL-1β mRNA expression, nitrite levels, TNF-α expression, and IL-1β expression in RAW 264.7 cells. LPS infusion also increased levels of nitrite/nitrate, total protein, LDH, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but reduced SOD levels in ex vivo and in vivo models. UD administration ameliorated all these inflammatory markers. In particular, treatment with UD reduced LPS-induced nitrite production in RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. UD treatment also counteracted the LPS-induced increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity in rat plasma, leading to a significant reduction in ALT and AST activity. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that UD treatment reduces LPS-induced nitrite production, IL-1β mRNA expression, and TNF-α expression. In addition, LPS-induced decrease in SOD level is significantly elevated by UD administration. These results indicate that UD extract merits consideration as a potential drug for treating and/or preventing ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Development, Nambu University, Gwangju, 62271, Republic of Korea.,Department of Emergency Medical Rescue, Nambu University, Gwangju, 62271, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yong Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14647, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14647, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi-Beum Kim
- Eouidang Agricultural Company, Wanju, 55360, Republic of Korea.
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Lee KM, Joo HK, Lee YR, Park MS, Kang G, Choi S, Lee KH, Jeon BH. Ulmus davidiana ethanol extract inhibits monocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated endothelial cells. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:131-139. [PMID: 28462108 PMCID: PMC5381430 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Rehder (UD) has long been used in traditional folk medicine in Asia. This study is designed to investigate the antiadhesive activity of the ethanol extract of UD (UDE) and its underlying mechanisms in cultured endothelial cells. Methods The dried root bark of UD was extracted with 80% (v/v) ethanol. The antiadhesive activity of the UDE was investigated in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human embryonic kidney epithelial 293T (HEK 293T) cells stably transfected with pGL3-vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1-luc. Monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells was induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the protective effects of UDE on monocyte–endothelial cell adhesion, VCAM-1 expression, reactive oxygen species production, and nuclear factor-κB activity were determined. Results Exposure to UDE at a concentration of 3–30 μg/mL for 24 hours produced no detectable cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but it significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion and VCAM-1 expression. TNF-α treatment of HEK 293T/VCAM-1-luc cells resulted in increased luciferase activity of the VCAM-1 promoter, which was inhibited by treatment with UDE. Additionally, TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species generation, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB, and IκBα degradation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells were effectively reduced by treatment with 30 μg/mL of UDE. Conclusion Our results indicated that UDE treatment inhibited TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells, suggesting that UD may reduce vascular endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Lee
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Joo
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu Ran Lee
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Park
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gun Kang
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunga Choi
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwon Ho Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Joongbu University, Geumsan, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Yang WK, Lee JJ, Sung YY, Kim DS, Myung CS, Kim HK. Extract of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance prevents thrombus formation through antiplatelet activity. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:726-30. [PMID: 23846328 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulmus macrocarpa Hance (Ulmaceae) has been used as a traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of edema, mastitis, gastric cancer and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ulmus macrocarpa extract (UME) on thrombus formation in vivo, platelet activation ex vivo and fibrinolytic activity in vitro. To identify the antithrombotic activity of UME in vivo, we used an arterial thrombosis model. UME delayed the occlusion time by 13.4 and 13.9 min at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. UME significantly inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by collagen and adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), respectively, but did not affect the coagulation times following activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin activation. Therefore, to investigate the antiplatelet effect of UME, the effect of UME on collagen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro was examined. UME exhibited antiplatelet aggregation activity, induced by ADP and collagen. Furthermore, the fibrinolytic activity of UME was investigated. The results showed that UME significantly increased fibrinolysis at 1,000 mg/ml. In conclusion, the results suggested that UME may significantly inhibit artery thrombus formation in vivo, potentially due to antiplatelet activity, and also exhibits potential as a clot‑dissolving agent for thrombolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Yang
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Lee EH, Park CW, Jung YJ. Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effect of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai extract on a macrophage cell line and immune cells in the mouse small intestine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:608-13. [PMID: 23384785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Oriental medicine has utilized the barks of the stem and root of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai (UD) to treat inflammatory disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the present study was to evaluate UD's anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cell line and small-intestinal lamina propria (LP) cells, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence of various concentrations of a UD water-soluble extract. Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, and the level of inflammatory cytokines synthesis were measured. Among the mice receiving the UD water-soluble extract, changes in the LP cell populations and immunoglobulin (Ig)A production were evaluated. RESULTS The UD water-soluble extract inhibited LPS-induced NO synthesis and inflammatory cytokine production in a RAW264.7 macrophage-like cell line. Small-intestinal LP cells isolated from mice that received the UD extract displayed a decrease in the side scatter of medium-to-high cells. Those LP cells isolated from the UD-treated mice also showed a marked decrease of intracellular IgA. However, UD administration had no apparent effect on the synthesis of systemic inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that UD water-soluble extracts have anti-inflammatory properties and, as such, can be used to promote intestinal immune-homeostatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hui Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Republic of Korea
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Kang GJ, Han SC, Yoon WJ, Koh YS, Hyun JW, Kang HK, Youl Cho J, Yoo ES. Sargaquinoic acid isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages via modulation of nuclear factor-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:80-7. [PMID: 22758221 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.698622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial molecule in inflammatory diseases and is synthesized from L-arginine by a specific enzyme, NO synthase (NOS). The expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) is activated in macrophages by various stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a wall component of gram-negative bacteria. LPS binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the macrophage surface and activates several downstream signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways. This study investigated whether sargaquinoic acid isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum might have anti-inflammatory activity and interfere with NO production in macrophages by disrupting LPS-induced signaling. This study was conducted in vitro using RAW264.7 murine macrophages. LPS-stimulated cells were treated with sargaquinoic acid, and the effects on NO production, iNOS expression, and involvement of the NF-κB signaling pathway were investigated by Griess assay, western blotting, and confocal microscopy. The results demonstrated that sargaquinoic acid inhibited the production of NO and the expression of the iNOS protein in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, sargaquinoic acid inhibited the degradation of inhibitory-κB protein (IκB)-α and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, a key transcription factor for the regulation of iNOS expression. Also, sargaquinoic acid influenced the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 MAPK, except ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs, stimulated by LPS. These results suggest that sargaquinoic acid specifically prevents NO production in macrophages via the blockade of NF-κB activation and may thus have therapeutic applications in various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeoung-Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Choi HG, Park YM, Lu Y, Chang HW, Na M, Lee SH. Inhibition of Prostaglandin D2
Production by Trihydroxy Fatty Acids Isolated from Ulmus davidiana
var. japonica. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1376-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Mi Park
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Wook Chang
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 712-749 Republic of Korea
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Kim TM, Shin SK, Kim TW, Youm SY, Kim DJ, Ahn B. Elm tree bark extract inhibits HepG2 hepatic cancer cell growth via pro-apoptotic activity. J Vet Sci 2012; 13:7-13. [PMID: 22437530 PMCID: PMC3317460 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of inflammation is widely accepted as an important strategy for cancer chemoprevention. Anti-inflammatory effects of bark extracts of elm tree (BEE) have been amply reported. Therefore, BEE may be a good candidate cancer chemopreventive agent. Considering the high incidence of hepatic cancer and limited therapeutic approaches for treating this disease, it is important to develop liver cancer-specific chemopreventive agents. To evaluate the chemopreventive potential of BEE, we investigated the growth inhibition effect of BEE on the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. We performed a cell counting kit-8 assay to determine cell viability, and 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole staining and flow cytometry to measure apoptotic cell death. Finally, the expression levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins were measured. BEE inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Pro-apoptotic activity was promoted via the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, as demonstrated by the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase as well as the down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. These results suggest that BEE may have potential use in hepatic cancer chemoprevention by suppressing cancer cell growth via pro-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Myoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Cho EJ, Park MS, Kim SS, Kang G, Choi S, Lee YR, Chang SJ, Lee KH, Lee SD, Park JB, Jeon BH. Vasorelaxing Activity of Ulmus davidiana Ethanol Extracts in Rats: Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:339-44. [PMID: 22359471 PMCID: PMC3282221 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.6.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Rehder (Urticales: Ulmaceae) (UD) is a tree widespread in northeast Asia. It is traditionally used for anticancer and anti-inflammatory therapy. The present study investigated the effect of an ethanol extract of UD on vascular tension and its underlying mechanism in rats. The dried root bark of UD was ground and extracted with 80% ethanol. The prepared UD extract was used in further analysis. The effect of UD on the cell viability, vasoreactivity and hemodynamics were investigated using propidium iodide staining in cultured cells, isometric tension recording and blood pressure analysis, respectively. Low dose of UD (10~100µg/ml) did not affect endothelial cell viability, but high dose of UD reduced cell viability. UD induced vasorelaxation in the range of 0.1~10µg/ml with an ED50 value of 2µg/ml. UD-induced vasorelaxation was completely abolished by removal of the endothelium or by pre-treatment with L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. UD inhibited calcium influx induced by phenylephrine and high K+ and also completely abolished the effect of L-NAME. Intravenous injection of UD extracts (10~100 mg/kg) decreased arterial and ventricular pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, UD extracts reduced the ventricular contractility (+dP/dt) in anesthetized rats. However, UD-induced hypotensive actions were minimized in L-NAME-treated rats. Taken together, out results showed that UD induced vasorelaxation and has antihypertensive properties, which may be due the activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Cho
- Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Korea
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Zheng MS, Li G, Li Y, Seo CS, Lee YK, Jung JS, Song DK, Bae HB, Kwak SH, Chang HW, Kim JR, Son JK. Protective constituents against sepsis in mice from the root barks of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1443-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds from the roots of Ulmus macrocarpa. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1459-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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Normalizing effect of plant-originated glycoprotein (116 kDa) on G0/G1 arrest in cadmium chloride-induced primary cultured mouse myelocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 383:109-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Zheng MS, Lee YK, Li Y, Hwangbo K, Lee CS, Kim JR, Lee SKS, Chang HW, Son JK. Inhibition of DNA topoisomerases I and II and cytotoxicity of compounds from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1307-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Choi SY, Lee S, Choi WH, Lee Y, Jo YO, Ha TY. Isolation and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bakuchiol from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. J Med Food 2010; 13:1019-23. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hee Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ock Jo
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Zheng MS, Yang JH, Li Y, Li X, Chang HW, Son JK. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Constituents Isolated from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2010. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2010.18.3.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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20
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Lee MY, Seo CS, Ha H, Jung D, Lee H, Lee NH, Lee JA, Kim JH, Lee YK, Son JK, Shin HK. Protective effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica against OVA-induced murine asthma model via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:61-69. [PMID: 20420895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Traditionally, the stem and root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Ulmaceae) are Korean herbal medicines used for anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica ethanolic extract (UD) in a murine asthma model. Furthermore, we determined whether heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is required for the protective activity of UD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Airways of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice exposed to OVA challenge developed eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion and increased cytokine levels. UD was applied 1h prior to OVA challenge. Mice were administered UD orally at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg once daily on days 18-23. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected 48 h after the final OVA challenge. Levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 in BALF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Lung tissue sections 4 microm in thickness were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin for assessment of cell infiltration and mucus production with PAS (periodic acid shift reagent) staining, in conjunction with ELISA, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses for HO-1 protein expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Orally administered UD significantly inhibited the number of OVA-induced inflammatory cells and IgE production, along with reduced T-helper (Th)2 cytokine levels, such as IL-4 and IL-5, in BALF and lung tissue. In addition, UD induced a marked decrease in OVA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production in lung tissue. These effects were correlated with HO-1 mRNA and protein induction. Our results indicate that UD protects against OVA-induced airway inflammation, at least in part, via HO-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine EBM Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Exporo 483, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Kwon HJ, Kim TM, Ryu JM, Son SH, Hong JT, Jeong HS, Kang JS, Ahn JY, Kim SR, Ha TY, Kim DJ. Chemopreventive Effects of Elm Tree Root Extract on Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci Induced by 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine in F344 Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2008.13.3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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22
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Jin UH, Suh SJ, Park SD, Kim KS, Kwon DY, Kim CH. Inhibition of mouse osteoblast proliferation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae). Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Jung MJ, Heo SI, Wang MH. Free radical scavenging and total phenolic contents from methanolic extracts of Ulmus davidiana. Food Chem 2008; 108:482-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim KW, Park JS, Kim KS, Jin UH, Kim JK, Suh SJ, Kim CH. Inhibition of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) on bone resorption mediated by processing of cathepsin K in cultured mouse osteoclasts. Phytother Res 2008; 22:511-7. [PMID: 18338784 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) (UD) has long been known to be antiinflammatory in traditional Korean medicine. This experiment investigated the effects of UD on bone resorption using bone cell culture. Different concentrations of crude extract of UD were added to mouse bone cell culture. The mitochondrial activity of the bone cells after exposure of UD was determined by colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). It was demonstrated that UD has potential effects on bone cell culture without cytotoxicity. The most effective concentration of UD in bone cells was 100 microg/mL. Cathepsin K (Cat K) is the major cysteine protease expressed in osteoclasts and is thought to play a key role in matrix degradation during bone resorption. When mouse long bone cells including osteoclasts and osteoblasts were treated with UD, UD prevented the osteoclast-mediated intracellular processing of Cat K, suggesting that UD may disrupt the intracellular transport of pro Cat K. Since secreted proenzymes have the potential to reenter the cell via the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) receptor, to prevent this possibility, UD was tested in the absence or presence of M6P. Inhibition of Cat K processing by UD was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the addition of M6P resulted in enhanced potency of UD. UD dose-dependently inhibited in vitro bone resorption with a potency similar to that observed for inhibition of Cat K processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Woon Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, SungKyunKwan University, 300 Chunchun-Dong, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Oh PS, Lee SJ, Lim KT. Inhibitory effect of glycoprotein isolated from Ulmus davidiana Nakai on caspase 3 activity in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate–treated liver cells through the reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Nutr Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Lee Y, Park H, Ryu HS, Chun M, Kang S, Kim HS. Effects of Elm Bark (Ulmus davidianavar.japonica) Extracts on the Modulation of Immunocompetence in Mice. J Med Food 2007; 10:118-25. [PMID: 17472475 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulative effects of elm bark extract were studied in vitro by the proliferation of splenocytes and the production capacity of three kinds of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] by mouse peritoneal macrophages cultured with various fractions (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) of elm bark extract. Splenocyte proliferation and cell viability of peritoneal macrophages were increased with concentrations of polar fractions, such as butanol and water, in the range of 1-500 microg/mL. Significantly higher levels of the production of all three cytokines were detected with supplementation of methanol extract compared with other fractions. In order to elucidate its effect in vivo, elm bark water extract was orally administrated every other day for 2 weeks. Proliferation of splenocytes and the production capacity of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) by mouse peritoneal macrophages were used as indices for immune activity. Splenocyte proliferation induced by elm bark with lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A stimulation was enhanced at 500 mg/kg of body weight concentrations compared to that of the control group. In the case of cytokines, the highest production of IL-6 and TNF was detected at 500 mg/kg of body weight concentrations. In conclusion, this study suggests through in vitro and in vivo experiments that Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (elm bark) extracts may enhance the immunocompetent properties such as splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production capacity by activated macrophages and have a protective effect in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuk Lee
- Major in Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee UD, Suh SJ, Kim KS, Kim DS, Jin UH, Lee IS, Yoon UH, Kim CH. Immunomodulatory activity of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) water and ethanolic extracts on bone cells: Stimulation of proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and type I collagen synthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2007; 23:154-161. [PMID: 21783752 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) (UD) frequently appears as the main ingredient in prescriptions for bone injuries, however, the action mechanism is unclear. In the present study, (i) the effect of the aqueous extract of UD on bone cells was investigated in vitro and (ii) the immunomodulatory activity of UD was investigated with regard to cellular and humoral immunity. The osteoprecursor cells (OPC) were incubated in the medium with different concentrations of the UD and the cell proliferation was studied. When the concentration of UD was <100μg/ml, the proliferation of OPC was enhanced. However, the proliferation of OPC was inhibited by UD with the concentrations >180μg/ml. Under most treatments, the cells presented low expression for cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) protein. On the other hand, oral administration of the ethanolic and water extracts of UD, at the doses of 20, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg in mice, dose-dependently potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced both by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and oxazolone. It significantly enhanced the production of circulating antibody titers in mice in response to SRBC. UD had no any effect on macrophage phagocytosis. Chronic administration of UD significantly ameliorated the total white blood cell counts and also restored the myelosuppressive effects induced by cyclophosphamide. From the results, it was concluded that UD directly stimulates the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, protein secretion and particularly type I collagen synthesis of OPC in a dose-dependent manner, and that UD possesses immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Do Lee
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-Dong, Jangan-Gu, Suwon City, Kyunggi 440-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Acupuncture, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Kyungju 780-714, Republic of Korea
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Suh SJ, Yun WS, Kim KS, Jin UH, Kim JK, Kim MS, Kwon DY, Kim CH. Stimulative effects of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 109:480-5. [PMID: 17030479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) has long been known to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on damaged tissue, inflammation and bone among other functions. To treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a herbal medicine, Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) extract (UD) is being used in traditional oriental medicine. The effect of UD on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in non-transformed osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) was studied. UD dose-dependently increased DNA synthesis (significant at 5-20 microg/ml). UD increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and prolyl hydroxylase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells (5-20 microg/ml). Antiestrogen tamoxifen eliminated the stimulation of proliferation and ALP activity of MC3T3-E1, which was induced by UD. UD at concentrations ranged from 30 to 100 microg/ml inhibited prostaglandin E2 production in MC3T3-E1. These results indicate that UD directly stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. These results also suggest and UD is effective for bone anti-resorptive action in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jong Suh
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Kyunggi-Do 440-764, Republic of Korea
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Kim YC, Lee MK, Sung SH, Kim SH. Sesquiterpenes from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica with the inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:196-9. [PMID: 17343992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of antiinflammatory constituents of the stem and root barks of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica resulted in the isolation of three guaiane type sesquiterpenes, torilin, 1-hydroxytorilin, together with a new derivative, (1beta, 7beta, 8beta, 10beta)-1,8,11-trihydroxy-4-guaien-8-angeloyl-3-one named 1-hydroxytorilin A. All the three sesquiterpenes inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in murine microglial BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Choong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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Song IK, Kim KS, Suh SJ, Kim MS, Kwon DY, Kim SL, Kim CH. Anti-inflammatory effect of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) on collagen-induced inflammation in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2007; 23:102-110. [PMID: 21783743 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) extract (UD) has long been known to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. UD has been also known to have protective effects on damaged tissue, inflammation and bone among other functions. Effects of UD on inflammatory and immune responses and its mechanisms in collagen-induced inflammation (CII) rat were studied. Hind paw volumes of rats were measured by volume meter; lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level was determined by 3-(4,5-2dimethylthiazal-2yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay. Antibodies to collagen type II (BC-II) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There was a marked secondary inflammatory response in CII model, which accompanied with the decrease of body weight and the weight of immune organs simultaneously. The administration of UD (20, 80, 150mg/kg, intragastrically×10 days) inhibited the inflammatory response and restored body weight and the weight of immune organs of CII rats. Lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production of CII rats increases, together with IL-1 and TNF-α in peritoneal macrophages and synoviocytes. The administration of UD (20, 80, 150mg/kg, 10 days) reduced above changes significantly. UD had no effect on the concentration of antibodies to BC-II. From the results, it was concluded that UD possesses anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities and has a therapeutic effect on CII rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Kwang Song
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-Dong 300, Suwon City, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Kyungju, Kyungbuk 780-714, Republic of Korea
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Jin UH, Lee DY, Kim DS, Lee IS, Kim CH. Induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by methanol fraction of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) in U87 glioblastoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 22:136-141. [PMID: 21783700 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in apoptosis of mammalian cells by releasing apoptogenic proteins such as cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Mitochondrial membrane permeability during apoptosis is regulated directly by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. In glioma cells, there are no specific features of apoptosis compared with apoptosis in other cell types. Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) is a deciduous tree, which is widely distributed in Korea. The barks of the stem and the root of the plant have been used in oriental traditional medicine for the treatment of oedema, mastitis, gastric cancer, and inflammation. Our results demonstrate that the methanol fraction of the stem bark extracts of Ulmus davidiana Planch induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in U87 glioblastoma cells. The methanol fraction exhibited a comparatively higher cytotoxic activity (IC(50)=7.5±0.7μg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner than chloroform, and hexane fractions. The results show the typical ladder profile of oligonucleosomal fragments characteristics of apoptosis and the secreted cytosolic cytochrome c level was increased by treatment of methanol fraction of UD. Moreover, the expressional changes of the Bcl-2 family protein occurred within 30min after treatment with methanol fraction. All results indicate that the methanol fraction of U. davidiana Planch (the barks of the stem) is capable of inducing apoptosis in U87 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-Dong 300, Jangan-Gu, Suwon City, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Kang SK, Kim KS, Byun YS, Suh SJ, Jim UH, Kim KH, Lee IS, Kim CH. EFFECTS OF ULMUS DAVIDIANA PLANCH ON MINERALIZATION, BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2, ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE, TYPE I COLLAGEN, AND COLLAGENASE-1 IN BONE CELLS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 42:225-9. [PMID: 16948504 DOI: 10.1290/0510068.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) (UD) long has been known to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on damaged tissue, inflammation, and bone among other functions. The herbal medicine also is being used in Oriental medicine to treat osteoporosis. In a preliminary study, treatment of osteoclasts containing long bone cells with the water extract of UD bark prevented the intracellular maturation of cathepsin K (cat K), and thus, it was considered that UD is a pro-drug of a potent bone-resorption inhibitor. To further clarify the role of UD in ossification, we investigated the effects of UD on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cell lines in vitro. In this study, we assessed the effects of UD on osteoblastic differentiation in nontransformed osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) and rat bone marrow cells. UD enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. This stimulatory effect of the UD was observed at relatively low doses (significant at 5-50 microg/ml and maximal at 50 microg/ml). Northern blot analysis showed that UD (100 microg/ml) increases in bone morphogenic protein-2 as well as ALP mRNA concentrations in MC3T3-E1 cells. UD slightly increased in type I collagen mRNA abundance throughout the culture period, whereas it markedly inhibited the gene expression of collagenase-1 between days 15 and 20 of culture. These results indicate that UD has anabolic effects on bone through the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that it could be used for the treatment of common metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Koo Kang
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-Gu, Suwon City, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
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Kim KS, Lee SD, Kim KH, Kil SY, Chung KH, Kim CH. Suppressive effects of a water extract of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:65-71. [PMID: 15652277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2004] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) has long been known to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on damaged tissue, inflammation and bone resorption. Therefore, this study was undertaken to address (1) whether the water extract of the bark of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) (UD) can modulate the expression of inducible inflammatory cytokines in mice; (2) in order to assess the therapeutic effects of UD in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen. After a second collagen immunization, mice were treated with UD orally at 100mg/kg once a day for 3 weeks. Paws were evaluated macroscopically for redness, swelling and deformities. The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the ankle were examined. The severity of arthritis within the knee joints was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation. Administration of UD significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and inhibited the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the paws. The erosion of cartilage was dramatically reduced in mouse knees after treatment with UD. In the serum of UD-treated mice, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10, anti-inflammatory cytokines, were increased. From the results, it was concluded that administration of UD has therapeutic effects on CIA including protection of cartilage and RA for a potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kap-Sung Kim
- Department of Acupuncture, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Kyungju, Kyungbuk 780-714, Korea
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Kuo CC, Wen YH, Wu SS, Wu HL. Determination of Methanol by 4-[ N-Methyl, N-(1-naphthylmethyl)]-amino-4-oxo-butanoic Acid in Presence of 4-Dimethylaminopyridine and 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide Hydrochloride as Catalysts. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120018801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kim EJ, Jin HK, Kim YK, Lee HY, Lee SY, Lee KR, Zee OP, Han JW, Lee HW. Suppression by a sesquiterpene lactone from Carpesium divaricatum of inducible nitric oxide synthase by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 61:903-10. [PMID: 11274976 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Excessive nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) acts as a causative regulator in various inflammatory disease states. Carpesium divaricatum has been used in Korean traditional herbal medicine for its antipyretic, analgesic, vermifugic, and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the molecular mechanism for the suppression of lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages by the sesquiterpene lactone 2beta,5-epoxy-5,10-dihydroxy-6alpha-angeloyloxy-9beta-isobutyloxy-germacran-8alpha,12-olide (C-1), which has been identified recently as a new compound from C. divaricatum. C-1 decreased NO production in LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of approximately 2.16 microM; however, it had no direct effect on the iNOS activity of fully LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, treatment with C-1 led to a decrease in iNOS protein and mRNA. These effects appear to be due to inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation through a mechanism involving stabilization of the NF-kappaB/inhibitor of the kappaB (I-kappaB) complex, since inhibition of NF-kappaB DNA binding activity by C-1 was accompanied by a parallel reduction of nuclear translocation of subunit p65 of NF-kappaB and I-kappaBalpha degradation. Taken together, the results suggest that the ability of C-1 to inhibit iNOS gene expression may be responsible, in part, for its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 440-746, Suwon, South Korea
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Abstract
Cells sense and respond to extracellular factors via receptors on the cell surface that trigger intracellular signaling pathways. The signals received by the receptors on hematopoietic cells often determine if the cell proliferates, survives or undergoes apoptosis. Apoptosis can be induced by almost any cytotoxic stimuli. These stimuli may be an absence of signals arising from cellular receptors, stimulation of specific ligand receptors on the cell surface, chemotherapeutic agents, and ionizing radiation or oxygen radicals, as well as a number of other factors. Cellular kinases and phosphatases participate in signaling cascades that influence this process. We review the ability of the calmodulin-dependent-kinases, I-kappaB kinases, PI3-kinases, Jakkinases, PKC, PKA, and MAP kinase signaling pathways (Erk, Jnk, and p38), to influence the apoptotic process. In addition, we discuss the cross-talk that exists between signaling cascades that are pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Franklin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Kim NY, Kang TH, Song EK, Pae HO, Chung HT, Kim YC. Inhibitory effects of butanol fraction of the aqueous extract of Forsythia koreana on the nitric oxide production by murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 73:323-327. [PMID: 11025173 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of butanol fraction of the aqueous extract of Forsythia koreana fruits on the nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS) gene expression in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Butanol fraction alone affected neither NO production nor iNOS gene expression in macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. However, the butanol fraction inhibited NO production and iNOS gene expression in RAW 264. 7 cells stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These findings suggest that inhibition of NO production by this butanol fraction in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with IFN-gamma plus LPS was due to the suppression of iNOS gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Lee BG, Kim SH, Zee OP, Lee KR, Lee HY, Han JW, Lee HW. Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW 264. 7 macrophages by two beta-carboline alkaloids extracted from Melia azedarach. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 406:301-9. [PMID: 11040335 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by two beta-carboline alkaloids isolated from Melia azedarach, 4,8-dimethoxy-1-vinyl-beta-carboline (compound 1, C-1) and 4-methoxy-1-vinyl-beta-carboline (compound 2, C-2). iNOS activity in a cell-free extract of lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was found to be markedly increased, and this increase was prevented by C-1 and C-2, accompanied by the parallel reduction in nitrite accumulation in culture medium. However, C-1 and C-2 had no further effect on the iNOS activity prepared from fully lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with C-1 or C-2 decreased the levels of iNOS protein and mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, prostaglandin E(2) production, cyclooxygenase-2 protein and DNA binding of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were reduced by these compounds. These results indicate that C-1 and C-2 primarily inhibit iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 activities via the suppression of de novo synthesis of these two enzymes, and that the inhibition of iNOS expression may be associated with the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Taken together, the results suggest that suppression of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 induction by lipopolysaccharide is responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of these alkaloids through selective inhibition of the expression of genes, which play important roles in inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 440-746, Suwon, South Korea
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