1
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Smith AB, Schill JP, Gordillo R, Gustafson GE, Rhoads TW, Burhans MS, Broman AT, Colman RJ, Scherer PE, Anderson RM. Ceramides are early responders in metabolic syndrome development in rhesus monkeys. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9960. [PMID: 35705631 PMCID: PMC9200850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome increases risk of complicating co-morbidities. Current clinical indicators reflect established metabolic impairment, preventing earlier intervention strategies. Here we show that circulating sphingolipids are altered in the very early stages of insulin resistance development. The study involved 16 paired overweight but healthy monkeys, one-half of which spontaneously developed metabolic syndrome over the course of 2 years. Importantly, animals did not differ in adiposity and were euglycemic throughout the study period. Using mass spectrometry, circulating sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingomyelins, were detected and quantified for healthy and impaired animals at both time points. At time of diagnosis, several ceramides were significantly different between healthy and impaired animals. Correlation analysis revealed differences in the interactions among ceramides in impaired animals at diagnosis and pre-diagnosis when animals were clinically indistinguishable from controls. Furthermore, correlations between ceramides and early-stage markers of insulin resistance, diacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids, were distinct for healthy and impaired states. Regression analysis identifies coordinated changes in lipid handling across lipid classes as animals progress from healthy to insulin resistant. Correlations between ceramides and the adipose-derived adipokine adiponectin were apparent in healthy animals but not in the metabolically impaired animals, even in advance of loss in insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that circulating ceramides are clinically relevant in identifying disease risk independent of differences in adiposity, and may be important in devising preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonah P Schill
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Grace E Gustafson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy W Rhoads
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maggie S Burhans
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aimee T Broman
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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2
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Zijlmans DGM, Maaskant A, Louwerse AL, Sterck EHM, Langermans JAM. Overweight Management through Mild Caloric Restriction in Multigenerational Long-Tailed Macaque Breeding Groups. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060262. [PMID: 35737314 PMCID: PMC9230116 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is an effective method to reduce overweight in captive non-human primates (NHPs). CR has been applied to individually- and pair-housed NHPs, but whether applying CR can be effective and safe in group-housed NHPs has not yet been assessed. This study investigates the effect of mild (20%) CR on adult overweight and biochemical parameters, immature growth, veterinary consultations, and reproductive success in multigenerational long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) breeding groups. Data were derived from anthropometric measurements and blood samples during yearly health checks, complemented with retrospective data on veterinary consultations and reproductive success. Adult body measures decreased after CR, with heavier individuals and females losing more weight compared to leaner individuals and males. CR lowered cholesterol levels in adults but had no overall effect on other biochemical parameters. Yet, biochemical parameters of individuals with high baseline values were reduced more compared to individuals with low baseline values. Immature growth, veterinary consultations and reproductive success were not influenced by CR. Thus, CR targeted the right individuals, i.e., overweight adults, and had no adverse effects on the variables examined in this study. This implies that mild CR can be a valuable overweight management strategy in group-housed NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian G. M. Zijlmans
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (A.L.L.); (E.H.M.S.); (J.A.M.L.)
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Annemiek Maaskant
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (A.L.L.); (E.H.M.S.); (J.A.M.L.)
- Department Population Health Sciences, Unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annet L. Louwerse
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (A.L.L.); (E.H.M.S.); (J.A.M.L.)
| | - Elisabeth H. M. Sterck
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (A.L.L.); (E.H.M.S.); (J.A.M.L.)
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. M. Langermans
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (A.L.L.); (E.H.M.S.); (J.A.M.L.)
- Department Population Health Sciences, Unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Pak HH, Haws SA, Green CL, Koller M, Lavarias MT, Richardson NE, Yang SE, Dumas SN, Sonsalla M, Bray L, Johnson M, Barnes S, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J, Yen CLE, Denu JM, Lamming DW. Fasting drives the metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a calorie-restricted diet in mice. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1327-1341. [PMID: 34663973 PMCID: PMC8544824 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) promotes healthy ageing in diverse species. Recently, it has been shown that fasting for a portion of each day has metabolic benefits and promotes lifespan. These findings complicate the interpretation of rodent CR studies, in which animals typically eat only once per day and rapidly consume their food, which collaterally imposes fasting. Here we show that a prolonged fast is necessary for key metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a CR diet. Using a series of feeding regimens, we dissect the effects of calories and fasting, and proceed to demonstrate that fasting alone recapitulates many of the physiological and molecular effects of CR. Our results shed new light on how both when and how much we eat regulate metabolic health and longevity, and demonstrate that daily prolonged fasting, and not solely reduced caloric intake, is likely responsible for the metabolic and geroprotective benefits of a CR diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi H Pak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Spencer A Haws
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mikaela Koller
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mitchell T Lavarias
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicole E Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shany E Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sabrina N Dumas
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lindsey Bray
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle Johnson
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chi-Liang Eric Yen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John M Denu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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4
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Parveen S. Impact of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on periodontal health. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:315-324. [PMID: 34463980 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The scientific evidence indicates that calorie restriction and intermittent fasting are among the appropriate strategies targeting factual causative factors of various inflammatory and lifestyle-related disorders. Periodontitis is a common oral inflammatory disease leading to bone loss that is associated with various systemic problems. Previous studies suggest that calorie restriction may dampen inflammation and concomitant tissue damage under inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal diseases in nonhuman primates. However, insufficient research has been carried out to assess the effects of a calorie-restricted diet on the initiation and progression of periodontal disease in humans. This review of the literature aims to describe the general concepts of calorie restriction, its clinical implications, and related therapeutic potential in controlling periodontal inflammation. The review shows that fasting regimen groups have shown lesser bone loss because of an increase in osteoprogenitor cells than non-fasting groups. Calorie restriction dampens the inflammatory response and reduces circulating inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and interleukin-1-beta in gingival crevicular fluid. However, the incorporation of this form of dietary intervention continues to be challenging in our current society, in which obesity is a major public concern. Calorie restriction and intermittent fasting can play a key role in the cost-effective resolution of periodontal inflammation as a primary prevention strategy for the management of chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Parveen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Souder DC, Dreischmeier IA, Smith AB, Wright S, Martin SA, Sagar MAK, Eliceiri KW, Salamat SM, Bendlin BB, Colman RJ, Beasley TM, Anderson RM. Rhesus monkeys as a translational model for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13374. [PMID: 33951283 PMCID: PMC8208787 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) but seldom features in laboratory models of the disease. Furthermore, heterogeneity in size and density of AD plaques observed in individuals are not recapitulated in transgenic mouse models, presenting an incomplete picture. We show that the amyloid plaque microenvironment is not equivalent between rodent and primate species, and that differences in the impact of AD pathology on local metabolism and inflammation might explain established differences in neurodegeneration and functional decline. Using brain tissue from transgenic APP/PSEN1 mice, rhesus monkeys with age-related amyloid plaques, and human subjects with confirmed AD, we report altered energetics in the plaque microenvironment. Metabolic features included changes in mitochondrial distribution and enzymatic activity, and changes in redox cofactors NAD(P)H that were shared among species. A greater burden of lipofuscin was detected in the brains from monkeys and humans of advanced age compared to transgenic mice. Local inflammatory signatures indexed by astrogliosis and microglial activation were detected in each species; however, the inflamed zone was considerably larger for monkeys and humans. These data demonstrate the advantage of nonhuman primates in modeling the plaque microenvironment, and provide a new framework to investigate how AD pathology might contribute to functional loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C. Souder
- Division of Geriatrics Department of Medicine SMPH Madison WI USA
| | | | - Alex B. Smith
- Division of Geriatrics Department of Medicine SMPH Madison WI USA
| | - Samantha Wright
- Division of Geriatrics Department of Medicine SMPH Madison WI USA
| | - Stephen A. Martin
- Biology of Aging Laboratory Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity Montana State University Bozeman MT USA
| | - Md Abdul Kader Sagar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Shahriar M. Salamat
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA
- Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA
| | | | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA
| | - T. Mark Beasley
- Department of Biostatistics University of Alabama Birmingham AL USA
- GRECC Birmingham/Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital Birmingham AL USA
| | - Rozalyn M. Anderson
- Division of Geriatrics Department of Medicine SMPH Madison WI USA
- GRECC William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
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6
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Rhoads TW, Clark JP, Gustafson GE, Miller KN, Conklin MW, DeMuth TM, Berres ME, Eliceiri KW, Vaughan LK, Lary CW, Beasley TM, Colman RJ, Anderson RM. Molecular and Functional Networks Linked to Sarcopenia Prevention by Caloric Restriction in Rhesus Monkeys. Cell Syst 2020; 10:156-168.e5. [PMID: 31982367 PMCID: PMC7047532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) improves survival in nonhuman primates and delays the onset of age-related morbidities including sarcopenia, which is characterized by the age-related loss of muscle mass and function. A shift in metabolism anticipates the onset of muscle-aging phenotypes in nonhuman primates, suggesting a potential role for metabolism in the protective effects of CR. Here, we show that CR induced profound changes in muscle composition and the cellular metabolic environment. Bioinformatic analysis linked these adaptations to proteostasis, RNA processing, and lipid synthetic pathways. At the tissue level, CR maintained contractile content and attenuated age-related metabolic shifts among individual fiber types with higher mitochondrial activity, altered redox metabolism, and smaller lipid droplet size. Biometric and metabolic rate data confirm preserved metabolic efficiency in CR animals that correlated with the attenuation of age-related muscle mass and physical activity. These data suggest that CR-induced reprogramming of metabolism plays a role in delayed aging of skeletal muscle in rhesus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Rhoads
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Josef P Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Grace E Gustafson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Karl N Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Matthew W Conklin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tyler M DeMuth
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mark E Berres
- Biotechnolgoy Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Laura K Vaughan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christine W Lary
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - T Mark Beasley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham/Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35297, USA
| | - Ricki J Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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7
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Taormina G, Ferrante F, Vieni S, Grassi N, Russo A, Mirisola MG. Longevity: Lesson from Model Organisms. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070518. [PMID: 31324014 PMCID: PMC6678192 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on longevity and healthy aging promises to increase our lifespan and decrease the burden of degenerative diseases with important social and economic effects. Many aging theories have been proposed, and important aging pathways have been discovered. Model organisms have had a crucial role in this process because of their short lifespan, cheap maintenance, and manipulation possibilities. Yeasts, worms, fruit flies, or mammalian models such as mice, monkeys, and recently, dogs, have helped shed light on aging processes. Genes and molecular mechanisms that were found to be critical in simple eukaryotic cells and species have been confirmed in humans mainly by the functional analysis of mammalian orthologues. Here, we review conserved aging mechanisms discovered in different model systems that are implicated in human longevity as well and that could be the target of anti-aging interventions in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Taormina
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nello Grassi
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario G Mirisola
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
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8
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Yamada Y, Kemnitz JW, Weindruch R, Anderson RM, Schoeller DA, Colman RJ. Caloric Restriction and Healthy Life Span: Frail Phenotype of Nonhuman Primates in the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center Caloric Restriction Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:273-278. [PMID: 28398464 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction without malnutrition increases longevity and delays the onset of age-associated disorders in multiple species. Recently, greater emphasis has been placed on healthy life span and preventing frailty than on longevity. Here, we show the beneficial effect of long-term calorie restriction on frailty in later life in a nonhuman primate. Frail phenotypes were evaluated using metabolic and physical activity data and defined using the Fried index. Shrinking was defined as unintentional weight loss of greater than 5% of body weight. Weakness was indicated by decline in high intensity spontaneous physical activity. Poor endurance or exhaustion was indicated by a reduction in energy efficiency of movements. Slowness was indicated by physical activity counts in the morning. Low physical activity level was measured by total energy expenditure using doubly labeled water divided by sleeping metabolic rate. Weakness, poor endurance, slowness, and low physical activity level were significantly higher in control compared with calorie restriction (p < .05) as was total incidence of frailty (p < .001). In conclusion, we established a novel set of measurable criteria of frailty in nonhuman primates, and using these criteria, showed that calorie restriction reduces the incidence of frailty and increases healthy life span in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institutes of Biomedical Health, Innovation, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joseph W Kemnitz
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison
| | | | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,GRECC, William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Ricki J Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison
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9
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Puga AM, Pajares MA, Varela-Moreiras G, Partearroyo T. Interplay between Nutrition and Hearing Loss: State of Art. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010035. [PMID: 30586880 PMCID: PMC6356655 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss has been recently ranked as the fifth leading cause of years lived with disability, ahead of many other chronic diseases such as diabetes, dementia, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, according to the World Health Organization, moderate-to-profound hearing loss affects about 466 million people worldwide. Its incidence varies in each population segment, affecting approximately 10% of children and increasing to 30% of the population over 65 years. However, hearing loss receives still very limited research funding and public awareness. This sensory impairment is caused by genetic and environmental factors, and among the latter, the nutritional status has acquired relevance due its association to hearing loss detected in recent epidemiological studies. Several experimental models have proved that the onset and progression of hearing loss are closely linked to the availability of nutrients and their metabolism. Here, we have reviewed studies focused on nutrient effects on auditory function. These studies support the potential of nutritional therapy for the protection against hearing loss progression, which is especially relevant to the aging process and related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Puga
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María A Pajares
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Molecular Hepatology Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Chronic heat stress increases insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) but does not affect IGF-binding proteins in growing pigs. J Therm Biol 2018; 77:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Behringer V, Deimel C, Hohmann G, Negrey J, Schaebs FS, Deschner T. Applications for non-invasive thyroid hormone measurements in mammalian ecology, growth, and maintenance. Horm Behav 2018; 105:66-85. [PMID: 30063897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic activity throughout all life stages. Cross-talk with other hormone systems permits THs to coordinate metabolic changes as well as modifications in growth and maintenance in response to changing environmental conditions. The scope of this review is to explain the relevant basics of TH endocrinology, highlight pertinent topics that have been investigated so far, and offer guidance on measuring THs in non-invasively collected matrices. The first part of the review provides an overview of TH biochemistry, which is necessary to understand and interpret the findings of existing studies and to apply non-invasive TH monitoring. The second part focuses on the role of THs in mammalian ecology, and the third part highlights the role of THs in growth and maintenance. The fourth part deals with the advantages and difficulties of measuring THs in non-invasively collected samples. This review concludes with a summary that considers future directions in the study of THs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Behringer
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - C Deimel
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, 701 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - G Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Negrey
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, 232 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - F S Schaebs
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Deschner
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Redman LM, Smith SR, Burton JH, Martin CK, Il'yasova D, Ravussin E. Metabolic Slowing and Reduced Oxidative Damage with Sustained Caloric Restriction Support the Rate of Living and Oxidative Damage Theories of Aging. Cell Metab 2018; 27:805-815.e4. [PMID: 29576535 PMCID: PMC5886711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary intervention with potential benefits for healthspan improvement and lifespan extension. In 53 (34 CR and 19 control) non-obese adults, we tested the hypothesis that energy expenditure (EE) and its endocrine mediators are reduced with a CR diet over 2 years. Approximately 15% CR was achieved over 2 years, resulting in an average 8.7 kg weight loss, whereas controls gained 1.8 kg. In the CR group, EE measured over 24 hr or during sleep was approximately 80-120 kcal/day lower than expected on the basis of weight loss, indicating sustained metabolic adaptation over 2 years. This metabolic adaptation was accompanied by significantly reduced thyroid axis activity and reactive oxygen species (F2-isoprostane) production. Findings from this 2-year CR trial in healthy, non-obese humans provide new evidence of persistent metabolic slowing accompanied by reduced oxidative stress, which supports the rate of living and oxidative damage theories of mammalian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Redman
- Division of Clinical Sciences Pennington, Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital and Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Burton
- Division of Clinical Sciences Pennington, Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Division of Clinical Sciences Pennington, Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Dora Il'yasova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Division of Clinical Sciences Pennington, Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Kleinert M, Clemmensen C, Hofmann SM, Moore MC, Renner S, Woods SC, Huypens P, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Schürmann A, Bakhti M, Klingenspor M, Heiman M, Cherrington AD, Ristow M, Lickert H, Wolf E, Havel PJ, Müller TD, Tschöp MH. Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:140-162. [PMID: 29348476 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more potent therapeutics are urgently required. This necessitates the continued use of animal models to discover, validate and optimize novel therapeutics for their safe use in humans. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must not only carefully select the appropriate model but also draw the right conclusions. In this Review, we consolidate the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes and highlight the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mary C Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Metabolic Diseases Institute, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA
| | - Peter Huypens
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Heiman
- MicroBiome Therapeutics, 1316 Jefferson Ave, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, USA
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8603 Zurich-Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, 3135 Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Havel PJ, Kievit P, Comuzzie AG, Bremer AA. Use and Importance of Nonhuman Primates in Metabolic Disease Research: Current State of the Field. ILAR J 2017; 58:251-268. [PMID: 29216341 PMCID: PMC6074797 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its multiple metabolic sequelae, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and fatty liver disease, are becoming increasingly widespread in both the developed and developing world. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches for the prevention and treatment of these costly and prevalent metabolic conditions. Accomplishing this will require the use of appropriate animal models for preclinical and translational investigations in metabolic disease research. Although studies in rodent models are often useful for target/pathway identification and testing hypotheses, there are important differences in metabolic physiology between rodents and primates, and experimental findings in rodent models have often failed to be successfully translated into new, clinically useful therapeutic modalities in humans. Nonhuman primates represent a valuable and physiologically relevant model that serve as a critical translational bridge between basic studies performed in rodent models and clinical studies in humans. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the evidence, including a number of specific examples, in support of the use of nonhuman primate models in metabolic disease research, as well as some of the disadvantages and limitations involved in the use of nonhuman primates. The evidence taken as a whole indicates that nonhuman primates are and will remain an indispensable resource for evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic strategies targeting clinically important metabolic diseases, including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis, and potentially the cognitive decline and dementia associated with metabolic dysfunction, prior to taking these therapies into clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Havel
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Kievit
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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15
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Balasubramanian P, Mattison JA, Anderson RM. Nutrition, metabolism, and targeting aging in nonhuman primates. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:29-35. [PMID: 28219777 PMCID: PMC5563491 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This short review focuses on the importance of nonhuman primate nutrition and aging studies and makes the case that a targeted expansion of the use of this highly translatable model would be advantageous to the biology of aging field. First, we describe the high degree of similarity of the model in terms of aging phenotypes including incidence and prevalence of common human age-related diseases. Second, we discuss the importance of the nonhuman primate nutrition and aging studies and the extent to which the outcomes of two ongoing long-term studies of caloric restriction are congruent with short-term equivalent studies in humans. Third, we showcase a number of pharmacological agents previously employed in nonhuman primate studies that display some potential as caloric restriction mimetics. Finally, we present nonhuman primates as an important model for translation of mechanisms of delayed aging identified in studies of shorter-lived animals. Proof of efficacy and safety of candidate longevity agents in nonhuman primates would be a cost-effective means to bring these exciting new avenues a step closer to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatic Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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16
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Obesity and malnutrition similarly alter the renin–angiotensin system and inflammation in mice and human adipose. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 48:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Colman RJ. Non-human primates as a model for aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:2733-2741. [PMID: 28729086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been, and continues to be, a dramatic shift in the human population towards older ages necessitating biomedical research aimed at better understanding the basic biology of aging and age-related diseases and facilitating new and improved therapeutic options. As it is not practical to perform the breadth of this research in humans, animal models are necessary to recapitulate the complexity of the aging environment. The mouse model is most frequently chosen for these endeavors, however, they are frequently not the most appropriate model. Non-human primates, on the other hand, are more closely related to humans and recapitulate the human aging process and development of age-related diseases. Extensive aging research has been performed in the well-characterized rhesus macaque aging model. More recently, the common marmoset, a small non-human primate with a shorter lifespan, has been explored as a potential aging model. This model holds particular promise as an aging disease model in part due to the successful creation of transgenic marmosets. Limitations to the use of non-human primates in aging research exist but can be mitigated somewhat by the existence of available resources supported by the National Institutes of Health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Animal models of aging - edited by "Houtkooper Riekelt".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki J Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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18
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Balasubramanian P, Howell PR, Anderson RM. Aging and Caloric Restriction Research: A Biological Perspective With Translational Potential. EBioMedicine 2017. [PMID: 28648985 PMCID: PMC5514430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging as a research pursuit is fairly new compared with traditional lines of medical research. A growing field of investigators is focused on understanding how changes in tissue biology, physiology, and systemic homeostasis, conspire to create increased vulnerability to disease as a function of age. Aging research as a discipline is necessarily broad; in part because aging itself is multi-faceted and in part because different model systems are employed to define the underlying biology. In this review we outline aspects of aging research that are likely to uncover the pivotal events leading to age-related disease vulnerability. We focus on studies of human aging and discuss the value of research on caloric restriction, an intervention with proven efficacy in delaying aging. We propose that studies such as these will deliver target factors and processes that create vulnerability in human aging, an advance that would potentially be transformative in clinical care. Caloric restriction delays aging and is a powerful tool for understanding the biology of age-related disease vulnerability. Mechanisms induced by CR hold promise for the development of interventions for age-associated disease. Nonhuman primates are an excellent model for transition from biological insight to human clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Porsha R Howell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53792, United States; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, United States.
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19
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The impact of nutrients on the aging rate: A complex interaction of demographic, environmental and genetic factors. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 154:49-61. [PMID: 26876763 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition has a strong influence on the health status of the elderly, with many dietary components associated to either an increased risk of disease or to an improvement of the quality of life and to a delay of age-related pathologies. A direct effect of a reduced caloric intake on the delay of aging phenotypes is documented in several organisms. The role of nutrients in the regulation of human lifespan is not easy to disentangle, influenced by a complex interaction of nutrition with environmental and genetic factors. The individual genetic background is fundamental for mediating the effects of nutritional components on aging. Classical genetic factors able to influence nutrient metabolism are considered those belonging to insulin/insulin growth factor (INS/IGF-1) signaling, TOR signaling and Sirtuins, but also genes involved in inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity can have a major role. Considering the worldwide increasing interest in nutrition to prevent age related diseases and achieve a healthy aging, in this review we will discuss this complex interaction, in the light of metabolic changes occurring with aging, with the aim of shedding a light on the enormous complexity of the metabolic scenario underlying longevity phenotype.
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Fowler CG, Chiasson KB, Colman RJ, Kemnitz JW, Beasley TM, Weindruch RH. Hyperinsulinemia/diabetes, hearing, and aging in the University of Wisconsin calorie restriction monkeys. Hear Res 2015; 328:78-86. [PMID: 26163094 PMCID: PMC4581975 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hyperinsulinemia/Type 2 diabetes mellitus (HI-T2DM) on hearing impairment using rhesus monkeys to obtain control over diet and lifestyle factors that confound human studies. The study is a retrospective evaluation of rhesus monkeys from the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC) study on caloric restriction and aging. The research questions were the following: 1. Is HI-T2DM related to hearing impairment? 2. If so, what is the site of lesion in the auditory system? and 3. What physiological factors affect the risk of hearing loss in HI-T2DM? Three groups of eight monkeys each were matched by sex and age; the caloric restricted (CR) monkeys had a reduced risk of diabetes, the normal control (NL) group had a normal risk, and the hyperinsulinemia/diabetes (HI-D) group had already developed HI-T2DM. Auditory testing included distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) with f2 frequencies from 2211 to 8837 Hz and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) obtained with clicks and tone bursts (8, 16, and 32 kHz). DPOAEs had signal-to-noise ratios 8-17 dB larger in the NL group than in the HI-D and CR groups, signifying that cochlear function was best in the NL group. ABR thresholds were 5-8 dB better in the NL group than in the HI-D group, although no significant differences across the groups were evident for the thresholds, latencies, interwave intervals, or amplitudes. Correlations were significant for quadratic relations between body mass index (BMI) and DPOAE, with largest DPOAEs for animals in the middle of the BMI range. ABR thresholds elicited with 16 and 32 kHz signals were significantly correlated, positively with BMI and HbA1c, and negatively with KG (glucose tolerance), SI (insulin sensitivity index) and DI (disposition index). These findings suggest that the hearing loss associated with HI-T2DM is predominantly cochlear, and auditory structures underlying the higher frequencies are at risk with HI-T2DM. Loss of auditory function begins in the hyperinsulinemia, pre-diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia G Fowler
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | | - Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA.
| | - Joseph W Kemnitz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA.
| | - T Mark Beasley
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ryals Public Health Bldg., University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Richard H Weindruch
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room B72 Veterans Admin Hospital, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705-2286, USA.
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21
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Solon-Biet SM, Mitchell SJ, de Cabo R, Raubenheimer D, Le Couteur DG, Simpson SJ. Macronutrients and caloric intake in health and longevity. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:R17-28. [PMID: 26021555 PMCID: PMC4490104 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Both lifespan and healthspan are influenced by nutrition, with nutritional interventions proving to be robust across a wide range of species. However, the relationship between nutrition, health and aging is still not fully understood. Caloric restriction is the most studied dietary intervention known to extend life in many organisms, but recently the balance of macronutrients has been shown to play a critical role. In this review, we discuss the current understanding regarding the impact of calories and macronutrient balance in mammalian health and longevity, and highlight the key nutrient-sensing pathways that mediate the effects of nutrition on health and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Charles Perkins CentreBuilding D17, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute and the Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USAFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Polewski MA, Burhans MS, Zhao M, Colman RJ, Shanmuganayagam D, Lindstrom MJ, Ntambi JM, Anderson RM. Plasma diacylglycerol composition is a biomarker of metabolic syndrome onset in rhesus monkeys. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1461-70. [PMID: 26063458 PMCID: PMC4513987 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is linked with obesity and is often first identified clinically by elevated BMI and elevated levels of fasting blood glucose that are generally secondary to insulin resistance. Using the highly translatable rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) model, we asked if metabolic syndrome risk could be identified earlier. The study involved 16 overweight but healthy, euglycemic monkeys, one-half of which spontaneously developed metabolic syndrome over the course of 2 years while the other half remained healthy. We conducted a series of biometric and plasma measures focusing on adiposity, lipid metabolism, and adipose tissue-derived hormones, which led to a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in the insulin-resistant animals. Plasma fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography for cholesteryl ester, FFA, diacylglycerol (DAG), phospholipid, and triacylglycerol lipid classes; plasma lipoprotein profiles were generated by NMR; and circulating levels of adipose-derived signaling peptides were determined by ELISA. We identified biomarker models including a DAG model, two lipoprotein models, and a multiterm model that includes the adipose-derived peptide adiponectin. Correlations among circulating lipids and lipoproteins revealed shifts in lipid metabolism during disease development. We propose that lipid profiling may be valuable for early metabolic syndrome detection in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minghui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Ricki J Colman
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Mary J Lindstrom
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison WI
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23
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Huber HF, Ford SM, Bartlett TQ, Nathanielsz PW. Increased aggressive and affiliative display behavior in intrauterine growth restricted baboons. J Med Primatol 2015; 44:143-57. [PMID: 25891005 PMCID: PMC4812820 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized intrauterine growth restricted offspring (IUGR) demonstrate higher rates of aggression and higher dominance ranks than control (CTR) offspring with normal weight at term; if aggressive behavior is advantageous during resource scarcity, developmental programming may lead to an association between aggression and IUGR. METHODS We studied 22 group-housed baboons (ages 3-5 years). CTR (male n = 8, female n = 5) mothers ate ad libitum. IUGR (male n = 4, female n = 5) mothers were fed 70% feed eaten by CTR mothers during pregnancy and lactation. RESULTS IUGR showed higher rates of aggressive displays (P < 0.01) and friendly displays (P < 0.02). Dominance ranks and physical aggression rates did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS High rates of IUGR aggressive display might reflect developmental programming of behavioral phenotypes enhancing fitness. Friendly displays may reflect reconciliation. Potential mechanisms include neurodevelopment and learning. Exploration of IUGR as a risk factor for behavioral patterns is important for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary F Huber
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Susan M Ford
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Thad Q Bartlett
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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24
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Quiñones M, Al-Massadi O, Fernø J, Nogueiras R. Cross-talk between SIRT1 and endocrine factors: effects on energy homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 397:42-50. [PMID: 25109279 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are a family of highly conserved nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent deacetylases that act as cellular sensors to detect energy availability. SIRT1 is a multifaceted protein that is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. SIRT1 is activated in response to caloric restriction, acting on multiple targets in a wide range of tissues. SIRT1 regulates the role of multiple hormones implicated in energy balance, including glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we review the relevant role of SIRT1 as a mediator of endocrine function of several hormones to modulate energy balance. In addition, we analyze the potential of targeting SIRT1 for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Quiñones
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), University of Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), 15782, and Avda. Barcelona 3, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Omar Al-Massadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), University of Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), 15782, and Avda. Barcelona 3, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Department of Clinical Science, K. G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), University of Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), 15782, and Avda. Barcelona 3, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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25
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Lorenzini A. How Much Should We Weigh for a Long and Healthy Life Span? The Need to Reconcile Caloric Restriction versus Longevity with Body Mass Index versus Mortality Data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:121. [PMID: 25126085 PMCID: PMC4115619 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Total caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition is a well-established experimental approach to extend life span in laboratory animals. Although CR in humans is capable of shifting several endocrinological parameters, it is not clear where the minimum inflection point of the U-shaped curve linking body mass index (BMI) with all-cause mortality lies. The exact trend of this curve, when used for planning preventive strategies for public health is of extreme importance. Normal BMI ranges from 18.5 to 24.9; many epidemiological studies show an inverse relationship between mortality and BMI inside the normal BMI range. Other studies show that the lowest mortality in the entire range of BMI is obtained in the overweight range (25-29.9). Reconciling the extension of life span in laboratory animals by experimental CR with the BMI-mortality curve of human epidemiology is not trivial. In fact, one interpretation is that the CR data are identifying a known: "excess fat is deleterious for health"; although a second interpretation may be that: "additional leanness from a normal body weight may add health and life span delaying the process of aging." This short review hope to start a discussion aimed at finding the widest consensus on which weight range should be considered the "healthiest" for our species, contributing in this way to the picture of what is the correct life style for a long and healthy life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Lorenzini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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26
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Effect of age and calorie restriction on corpus callosal integrity in rhesus macaques: a fiber tractography study. Neurosci Lett 2014; 569:38-42. [PMID: 24686192 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The rhesus macaque exhibits age-related brain changes similar to humans, making an excellent model of normal aging. Calorie restriction is a dietary intervention that reduces age-related comorbidities in short-lived animals, and its effects are still under study in rhesus macaques. Here, using deterministic fiber tracking method, we examined the effects of age and calorie restriction on a diffusion tensor imaging measure of white matter integrity, fractional anisotropy (FA), within white matter tracks traversing the anterior (genu) and posterior (splenium) corpus callosum in rhesus monkeys. Our results show: (1) a significant inverse relationship between age and mean FA of tracks traversing the genu and splenium; (2) higher mean FA of the splenium tracks as compared to that of genu tracks across groups; and (3) no significant diet effect on mean track FA through either location. These results are congruent with the age-related decline in white matter integrity reported in humans and monkeys, and the anterior-to-posterior gradient in white matter vulnerability to normal aging in humans. Further studies are warranted to critically evaluate the effect of calorie restriction on brain aging in this unique cohort of elderly primates.
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27
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Willette AA, Coe CL, Birdsill AC, Bendlin BB, Colman RJ, Alexander AL, Allison DB, Weindruch RH, Johnson SC. Interleukin-8 and interleukin-10, brain volume and microstructure, and the influence of calorie restriction in old rhesus macaques. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:2215-2227. [PMID: 23463321 PMCID: PMC3825005 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Higher systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) were found to be associated with lower gray matter volume and tissue density in old rhesus macaques. This association between IL-6, and these brain indices were attenuated by long-term 30 % calorie restriction (CR). To extend these findings, the current analysis determined if a CR diet in 27 aged rhesus monkeys compared to 17 normally fed controls reduced circulating levels of another proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and raised levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10). Further, these cytokines were regressed onto imaged brain volume and microstructure using voxel-wise regression analyses. CR significantly lowered IL-8 and raised IL-10 levels. Across the two dietary conditions, higher IL-8 predicted smaller gray matter volumes in bilateral hippocampus. Higher IL-10 was associated with more white matter volume in visual areas and tracts. Consuming a CR diet reduced the association between systemic IL-8 and hippocampal volumes. Conversely, CR strengthened associations between IL-10 and microstructural tissue density in the prefrontal cortex and other areas, particularly in a region of dorsal prefrontal cortex, which concurred with our prior findings for IL-6. Consumption of a CR diet lowered proinflammatory and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, which lessened the statistical association between systemic inflammation and the age-related alterations in important brain regions, including the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Willette
- />Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, D-4225 Veterans Administration Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- />Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- />Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - C. L. Coe
- />Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- />Harlow Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
| | - A. C. Birdsill
- />Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, D-4225 Veterans Administration Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- />Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - B. B. Bendlin
- />Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, D-4225 Veterans Administration Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- />Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - R. J. Colman
- />Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
| | - A. L. Alexander
- />Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - D. B. Allison
- />Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - R. H. Weindruch
- />Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, D-4225 Veterans Administration Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- />Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - S. C. Johnson
- />Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, D-4225 Veterans Administration Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- />Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- />Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- />Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
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28
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Fu ZD, Klaassen CD. Increased bile acids in enterohepatic circulation by short-term calorie restriction in male mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:680-90. [PMID: 24183703 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed glucose and insulin signaling can regulate bile acid (BA) metabolism during fasting or feeding. However, limited knowledge is available on the effect of calorie restriction (CR), a well-known anti-aging intervention, on BA homeostasis. To address this, the present study utilized a "dose-response" model of CR, where male C57BL/6 mice were fed 0, 15, 30, or 40% CR diets for one month, followed by BA profiling in various compartments of the enterohepatic circulation by UPLC-MS/MS technique. This study showed that 40% CR increased the BA pool size (162%) as well as total BAs in serum, gallbladder, and small intestinal contents. In addition, CR "dose-dependently" increased the concentrations of tauro-cholic acid (TCA) and many secondary BAs (produced by intestinal bacteria) in serum, such as tauro-deoxycholic acid (TDCA), DCA, lithocholic acid, ω-muricholic acid (ωMCA), and hyodeoxycholic acid. Notably, 40% CR increased TDCA by over 1000% (serum, liver, and gallbladder). Interestingly, 40% CR increased the proportion of 12α-hydroxylated BAs (CA and DCA), which correlated with improved glucose tolerance and lipid parameters. The CR-induced increase in BAs correlated with increased expression of BA-synthetic (Cyp7a1) and conjugating enzymes (BAL), and the ileal BA-binding protein (Ibabp). These results suggest that CR increases BAs in male mice possibly through orchestrated increases in BA synthesis and conjugation in liver as well as intracellular transport in ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Donna Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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29
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Abstract
Calorie Restriction (CR) without malnutrition slows aging and increases average and maximal lifespan in simple model organisms and rodents. In rhesus monkeys long-term CR reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, and protects against age-associated sarcopenia and neurodegeneration. However, so far CR significantly increased average lifespan only in the Wisconsin, but not in the NIA monkey study. Differences in diet composition and study design between the 2 on-going trials may explain the discrepancies in survival and disease. Nevertheless, many of the metabolic and hormonal adaptations that are typical of the long-lived CR rodents did not occur in either the NIA or WNPRC CR monkeys. Whether or not CR will extend lifespan in humans is not yet known, but accumulating data indicate that moderate CR with adequate nutrition has a powerful protective effect against obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammation, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and reduces metabolic risk factors associated with cancer. Moreover, CR in human beings improves markers of cardiovascular aging, and rejuvenates the skeletal muscle transcriptional profile. More studies are needed to understand the interactions between CR, diet composition, exercise, and other environmental and psychological factors on metabolic and molecular pathways that regulate health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Cava
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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30
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Yamada Y, Colman RJ, Kemnitz JW, Baum ST, Anderson RM, Weindruch R, Schoeller DA. Long-term calorie restriction decreases metabolic cost of movement and prevents decrease of physical activity during aging in rhesus monkeys. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1226-35. [PMID: 23954367 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term (<1 year) calorie restriction (CR) has been reported to decrease physical activity and metabolic rate in humans and non-human primate models; however, studies examining the very long-term (>10 year) effect of CR on these parameters are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine metabolic and behavioral adaptations to long-term CR longitudinally in rhesus macaques. DESIGN Eighteen (10 male, 8 female) control (C) and 24 (14 male, 10 female) age matched CR rhesus monkeys between 19.6 and 31.9 years old were examined after 13 and 18 years of moderate adult-onset CR. Energy expenditure (EE) was examined by doubly labeled water (DLW; TEE) and respiratory chamber (24 h EE). Physical activity was assessed both by metabolic equivalent (MET) in a respiratory chamber and by an accelerometer. Metabolic cost of movements during 24 h was also calculated. Age and fat-free mass were included as covariates. RESULTS Adjusted total and 24 h EE were not different between C and CR. Sleeping metabolic rate was significantly lower, and physical activity level was higher in CR than in C independent from the CR-induced changes in body composition. The duration of physical activity above 1.6 METs was significantly higher in CR than in C, and CR had significantly higher accelerometer activity counts than C. Metabolic cost of movements during 24 h was significantly lower in CR than in C. The accelerometer activity counts were significantly decreased after seven years in C animals, but not in CR animals. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that long-term CR decreases basal metabolic rate, but maintains higher physical activity with lower metabolic cost of movements compared with C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
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31
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Miersch C, Döring F. Sex differences in body composition, fat storage, and gene expression profile in Caenorhabditis elegans in response to dietary restriction. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:539-51. [PMID: 23715261 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00007.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and health-promoting effects of dietary restriction (DR) have been extensively studied in several species. The response to DR with respect to sex is essentially unknown. To address this question, we used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to analyze body composition and gene expression in males and hermaphrodites in response to DR. Unexpectedly, DR increased the fat-to-fat-free mass ratio and enlarged lipid droplets in both sexes to a similar extent. These effects were linked to a downregulation of the lipase-like 5 (lipl-5) gene in both sexes at two developmental stages. By contrast, the reductions in body size, protein content, and total RNA content in response to DR were more pronounced in hermaphrodites than in males. Functional enrichment analysis of gene expression data showed a DR-induced downregulation of several embryogenesis-associated genes concomitant with an ongoing expression of sperm-associated genes in hermaphrodites. In conclusion, DR increases fat stores in both sexes of C. elegans in the form of large and possibly lipolysis-resistant lipid droplets and markedly alters the reproductive program in hermaphrodites but not in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miersch
- Department of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
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32
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Sung MMY, Dyck JRB. Age-related cardiovascular disease and the beneficial effects of calorie restriction. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 17:707-19. [PMID: 22095297 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a well-recognized risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, which is the primary cause of death and disability in the elderly population. The normal process of aging is associated with progressive deterioration in structure and function of the heart and vasculature. These age-related changes likely act as both a catalyst and accelerator in the development of cardiovascular disease. Since the aging population is one of the fastest growing segments of the population, it is of vital importance that we have a thorough understanding of the physiological changes that occur with aging that contribute to the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in this population. This insight will allow for the development of more targeted therapies that can prevent and treat these conditions. One such anti-aging strategy that has received considerable attention as of late is calorie restriction. Calorie restriction has emerged as one of the most effective and reproducible interventions for extending lifespan, as well as protecting against obesity, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we review the multiple beneficial effects that calorie restriction and resveratrol exert on the cardiovascular system with a particular focus on aging. Although calorie restriction and resveratrol have proven to be very effective in preventing and treating the development of cardiovascular disease in animal models, studies continue as to whether these profound beneficial effects can translate to humans to improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Y Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Sridharan A, Pehar M, Salamat MS, Pugh TD, Bendlin BB, Willette AA, Anderson RM, Kemnitz JW, Colman RJ, Weindruch RH, Puglielli L, Johnson SC. Calorie restriction attenuates astrogliosis but not amyloid plaque load in aged rhesus macaques: a preliminary quantitative imaging study. Brain Res 2013; 1508:1-8. [PMID: 23473840 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While moderate calorie restriction (CR) in the absence of malnutrition has been consistently shown to have a systemic, beneficial effect against aging in several animals models, its effect on the brain microstructure in a non-human primate model remains to be studied using post-mortem histopathologic techniques. In the present study, we investigated differences in expression levels of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and β-amyloid plaque load in the hippocampus and the adjacent cortical areas of 7 Control (ad libitum)-fed and 6 CR male rhesus macaques using immunostaining methods. CR monkeys expressed significantly lower levels (∼30% on average) of GFAP than Controls in the CA region of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, suggesting a protective effect of CR in limiting astrogliosis. These results recapitulate the neuroprotective effects of CR seen in shorter-lived animal models. There was a significant positive association between age and average amyloid plaque pathology in these animals, but there was no significant difference in amyloid plaque distribution between the two groups. Two of the seven Control animals (28.6%) and one of the six CR animal (16.7%) did not express any amyloid plaques, five of seven Controls (71.4%) and four of six CR animals (66.7%) expressed minimal to moderate amyloid pathology, and one of six CR animals (16.7%) expressed severe amyloid pathology. That CR affects levels of GFAP expression but not amyloid plaque load provides some insight into the means by which CR is beneficial at the microstructural level, potentially by offsetting the increased load of oxidatively damaged proteins, in this non-human primate model of aging. The present study is a preliminary post-mortem histological analysis of the effects of CR on brain health, and further studies using molecular and biochemical techniques are warranted to elucidate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadhavi Sridharan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Urbanski HF, Mattison JA, Roth GS, Ingram DK. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) as an endocrine marker of aging in calorie restriction studies. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1136-9. [PMID: 23318475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), is generally regarded as being a reliable endocrine marker of aging, because in humans and nonhuman primates its circulating concentrations are very high during young adulthood, and the concentrations then decline markedly during aging. Despite promising results from early studies, we were recently surprised to find that caloric restriction (CR) did little to prevent or delay the decline of DHEAS concentrations in old rhesus macaques. Here we summarize the use of circulating DHEAS concentrations as a biomarker of aging in CR studies and suggest reasons for its limited value. Although DHEAS can reliably predict aging in animals maintained on a standard diet, dietary manipulations may affect liver enzymes involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones. Consequently, in CR studies the reliability of using DHEAS as a biomarker of aging may be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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Michalsen A, Li C. Fasting Therapy for Treating and Preventing Disease - Current State of Evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:444-53. [DOI: 10.1159/000357765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Wen H, Yang HJ, An YJ, Kim JM, Lee DH, Jin X, Park SW, Min KJ, Park S. Enhanced phase II detoxification contributes to beneficial effects of dietary restriction as revealed by multi-platform metabolomics studies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 12:575-86. [PMID: 23230277 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has many beneficial effects, but the detailed metabolic mechanism remains largely unresolved. As diet is essentially related to metabolism, we investigated the metabolite profiles of urines from control and DR animals using NMR and LC/MS metabolomic approaches. Multivariate analysis presented distinctive metabolic profiles and marker signals from glucuronide and glycine conjugation pathways in the DR group. Broad profiling of the urine phase II metabolites with neutral loss scanning showed that levels of glucuronide and glycine conjugation metabolites were generally higher in the DR group. The up-regulation of phase II detoxification in the DR group was confirmed by mRNA and protein expression levels of uridinediphospho-glucuronosyltransferase and glycine-N-acyltransferase in actual liver tissues. Histopathology and serum biochemistry showed that DR was correlated with the beneficial effects of low levels of serum alanine transaminase and glycogen granules in liver. In addition, the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 signaling pathway was shown to be up-regulated, providing a mechanistic clue regarding the enhanced phase II detoxification in liver tissue. Taken together, our metabolomic and biochemical studies provide a possible metabolic perspective for understanding the complex mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Mattson MP. Energy intake and exercise as determinants of brain health and vulnerability to injury and disease. Cell Metab 2012; 16:706-22. [PMID: 23168220 PMCID: PMC3518570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evolution favored individuals with superior cognitive and physical abilities under conditions of limited food sources, and brain function can therefore be optimized by intermittent dietary energy restriction (ER) and exercise. Such energetic challenges engage adaptive cellular stress-response signaling pathways in neurons involving neurotrophic factors, protein chaperones, DNA-repair proteins, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. By suppressing adaptive cellular stress responses, overeating and a sedentary lifestyle may increase the risk of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, stroke, and depression. Intense concerted efforts of governments, families, schools, and physicians will be required to successfully implement brain-healthy lifestyles that incorporate ER and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Sridharan A, Willette AA, Bendlin BB, Alexander AL, Coe CL, Voytko ML, Colman RJ, Kemnitz JW, Weindruch RH, Johnson SC. Brain volumetric and microstructural correlates of executive and motor performance in aged rhesus monkeys. Front Aging Neurosci 2012; 4:31. [PMID: 23162464 PMCID: PMC3492760 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2012.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aged rhesus macaque exhibits brain atrophy and behavioral deficits similar to normal aging in humans. Here we studied the association between cognitive and motor performance and anatomic and microstructural brain integrity measured with 3T magnetic resonance imaging in aged monkeys. About half of these animals were maintained on moderate calorie restriction (CR), the only intervention shown to delay the aging process in lower animals. T1-weighted anatomic and diffusion tensor images were used to obtain gray matter (GM) volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), respectively. We tested the extent to which brain health indexed by GM volume, FA, and MD were related to executive and motor function, and determined the effect of the dietary intervention on this relationship. We hypothesized that fewer errors on the executive function test and faster motor response times would be correlated with higher volume, higher FA, and lower MD in frontal areas that mediate executive function, and in motor, premotor, subcortical, and cerebellar areas underlying goal-directed motor behaviors. Higher error percentage on a cognitive conceptual shift task was significantly associated with lower GM volume in frontal and parietal cortices, and lower FA in major association fiber bundles. Similarly, slower performance time on the motor task was significantly correlated with lower volumetric measures in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar areas and decreased FA in several major association fiber bundles. Notably, performance during the acquisition phase of the hardest level of the motor task was significantly associated with anterior mesial temporal lobe volume. Finally, these brain-behavior correlations for the motor task were attenuated in CR animals compared to controls, indicating a potential protective effect of the dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadhavi Sridharan
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA ; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
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Colman RJ, Beasley TM, Allison DB, Weindruch R. Skeletal effects of long-term caloric restriction in rhesus monkeys. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1133-43. [PMID: 22189911 PMCID: PMC3448987 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is well established in humans and is known to occur in nonhuman primates. There is little information, however, on the effect of dietary interventions, such as caloric restriction (CR), on age-related bone loss. This study examined the effects of long-term, moderate CR on skeletal parameters in rhesus monkeys. Thirty adult male rhesus monkeys were subjected to either a restricted (R, n = 15) or control (C, n = 15) diet for 20 years and examined throughout for body composition and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Total body, spine, and radius bone mass and density were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Assessment of biochemical markers of bone turnover included circulating serum levels of osteocalcin, carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen, cross-linked aminoterminal telopeptide of type I collagen, parathyroid hormone, and 25(OH)vitamin D. Overall, we found that bone mass and density declined over time with generally higher levels in C compared to R animals. Circulating serum markers of bone turnover were not different between C and R with nonsignficant diet-by-time interactions. We believe the lower bone mass in R animals reflects the smaller body size and not pathological osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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Libert S, Guarente L. Metabolic and neuropsychiatric effects of calorie restriction and sirtuins. Annu Rev Physiol 2012; 75:669-84. [PMID: 23043250 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most living organisms, including humans, age. Over time the ability to do physical and intellectual work deteriorates, and susceptibility to infectious, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases increases, which leads to general fitness decline and ultimately to death. Work in model organisms has demonstrated that genetic and environmental manipulations can prevent numerous age-associated diseases, improve health at advanced age, and increase life span. Calorie restriction (CR) (consumption of a diet with fewer calories but containing all the essential nutrients) is the most robust manipulation, genetic or environmental, to extend longevity and improve health parameters in laboratory animals. However, outside of the protected laboratory environment, the effects of CR are much less certain. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of CR may lead to the development of novel therapies to combat diseases of aging and to improve the quality of life. Sirtuins, a family of NAD(+)-dependent enzymes, mediate a number of metabolic and behavioral responses to CR and are intriguing targets for pharmaceutical interventions. We review the molecular understanding of CR; the role of sirtuins in CR; and the effects of sirtuins on physiology, mood, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Libert
- Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Meyer C, Kerns A, Haberthur K, Messaoudi I. Improving immunity in the elderly: current and future lessons from nonhuman primate models. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1157-1168. [PMID: 22180097 PMCID: PMC3448983 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The immune system must overcome daily challenges from pathogens to protect the body from infection. The success of the immune response to infection relies on the ability to sense and evaluate microbial threats and organize their elimination, while limiting damage to host tissues. This delicate balance is achieved through coordinated action of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Aging results in several structural and functional changes in the immune system, often described under the umbrella term "immune senescence". Age-related changes affect both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system and are believed to result in increased susceptibility and severity of infectious diseases, which is further exacerbated by reduced vaccine efficacy in the elderly. Therefore, multiple strategies to improve immune function in the aged are being investigated. Traditionally, studies on immune senescence are conducted using inbred specific pathogen free (SPF) rodents. This animal model has provided invaluable insight into the mechanisms of aging. However, the limited genetic heterogeneity and the SPF status of this model restrict the successful transfer of immunological discoveries between murine models and the clinical setting. More recently, nonhuman primates (NHPs) have emerged as a leading translational model to investigate immune senescence and to test interventions aimed at delaying/reversing age-related changes in immune function. In this article, we review and summarize advances in immuno-restorative approaches investigated in the NHP model system and discuss where the NHP model can support the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Meyer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR USA
| | - Amelia Kerns
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR USA
| | - Kristen Haberthur
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
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Csiszar A, Sosnowska D, Tucsek Z, Gautam T, Toth P, Losonczy G, Colman RJ, Weindruch R, Anderson RM, Sonntag WE, Ungvari Z. Circulating factors induced by caloric restriction in the nonhuman primate Macaca mulatta activate angiogenic processes in endothelial cells. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:235-49. [PMID: 22904098 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition increases healthspan in virtually every species studied, including nonhuman primates. In mice, CR exerts significant microvascular protective effects resulting in increased microvascular density in the heart and the brain, which likely contribute to enhanced tolerance to ischemia and improved cardiac performance and cognitive function. Yet, the underlying mechanisms by which CR confer microvascular protection remain elusive. To test the hypothesis that circulating factors triggered by CR regulate endothelial angiogenic capacity, we treated cultured human endothelial cells with sera derived from Macaca mulatta on long-term (over 10 years) CR. Cells treated with sera derived from ad-libitum-fed control monkeys served as controls. We found that factors present in CR sera upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and stimulate angiogenic processes, including endothelial cell proliferation and formation of capillary-like structures. Treatment with CR sera also tended to increase cellular migration (measured by a wound-healing assay using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing [ECIS] technology) and adhesion to collagen. Collectively, we find that circulating factors induced by CR promote endothelial angiogenic processes, suggesting that increased angiogenesis may be a potential mechanism by which CR improves cardiac function and prevents vascular cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma HSC, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Willette AA, Coe CL, Colman RJ, Bendlin BB, Kastman EK, Field AS, Alexander AL, Allison DB, Weindruch RH, Johnson SC. Calorie restriction reduces psychological stress reactivity and its association with brain volume and microstructure in aged rhesus monkeys. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:903-16. [PMID: 22119476 PMCID: PMC3311744 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened stress reactivity is associated with hippocampal atrophy, age-related cognitive deficits, and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. This temperament predisposition may aggravate age-associated brain pathology or be reflective of it. This association may be mediated through repeated activation of the stress hormone axis over time. Dietary interventions, such as calorie restriction (CR), affect stress biology and may moderate the pathogenic relationship between stress reactivity and brain in limbic and prefrontal regions. METHODS Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) aged 19-31 years consumed either a standard diet (N=18) or were maintained on 30% CR relative to baseline intake (N=26) for 13-19 years. Behavior was rated in both normative and aversive contexts. Urinary cortisol was collected. Animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to acquire volumetric and tissue microstructure data respectively. Voxel-wise statistics regressed a global stress reactivity factor, cortisol, and their interaction on brain indices across and between dietary groups. RESULTS CR significantly reduced stress reactivity during aversive contexts without affecting activity, orientation, or attention behavior. Stress reactivity was associated with less volume and tissue density in areas important for emotional regulation and the endocrine axis including prefrontal cortices, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. CR reduced these relationships. A Cortisol by Stress Reactivity voxel-wise interaction indicated that only monkeys with high stress reactivity and high basal cortisol demonstrated lower brain volume and tissue density in prefrontal cortices, hippocampus, and amygdala. CONCLUSIONS High stress reactivity predicted lower volume and microstructural tissue density in regions involved in emotional processing and modulation. A CR diet reduced stress reactivity and regional associations with neural modalities. High levels of cortisol appear to mediate some of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriel A. Willette
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Wisconsin Alheimer s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705 USA,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705 USA
| | - Christopher L. Coe
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705 USA,Harlow Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53715 USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Wisconsin Alheimer s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705 USA
| | - Erik K Kastman
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Wisconsin Alheimer s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705 USA
| | - Aaron S. Field
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792 USA
| | - Andrew L. Alexander
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705 USA
| | - David B. Allison
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Richard H. Weindruch
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53715 USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53715 USA,Wisconsin Alheimer s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705 USA,Send Correspondence to: Sterling C. Johnson, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, D-4225 Veterans Administration Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA, Telephone Number: (608) 256-1901, Facsimile Number: (608) 265-3091
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study of male and female spinal osteoarthritis, characterized by lateral spine thoracolumbar radiographs, in humans and nonhuman primates. OBJECTIVE To characterize differences in prevalence and vertebral distribution of spinal osteoarthritis between men and women, between male and female macaques, and between the 2 phylogenetically related genera. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Naturally occurring spinal osteoarthritis manifests similarly in humans and rhesus macaques. Other types of osteoarthritis particularly of the knee and hip have revealed sex differences in humans. In regard to spinal osteoarthritis, sex differences have been noted but without consistent results. Sex differences in macaques have not been examined. METHODS Radiographical evidence of disc space narrowing and osteophytosis was assessed using an atlas-scoring method. Prevalence was determined according to sex, age, body mass (for macaques only), and spinal location (human T4-L5; macaque T8-L7). RESULTS Average scores in macaques differed between the sexes, but they did not differ between men and women. The pattern of involvement along the spine was the same in male and female monkeys but differed between men and women: women had more thoracic involvement and men had more lumbar involvement. Overall, monkeys had a significantly higher prevalence of osteoarthritis than humans. CONCLUSION The appearance of sex differences in the prevalence of osteoarthritis is most likely a proxy measure for the effect of body mass. Sex differences were apparent in monkeys due to the fact that males are significantly heavier than females. No sex difference in prevalence was apparent in humans, and there is substantial overlap in body mass between men and women. Differences in the location of osteoarthritic involvement along the spine between men and women were obscured when only average scores were examined.
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Willette AA, Bendlin BB, Colman RJ, Kastman EK, Field AS, Alexander AL, Sridharan A, Allison DB, Anderson R, Voytko ML, Kemnitz JW, Weindruch RH, Johnson SC. Calorie restriction reduces the influence of glucoregulatory dysfunction on regional brain volume in aged rhesus monkeys. Diabetes 2012; 61:1036-42. [PMID: 22415875 PMCID: PMC3331743 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling dysregulation is related to neural atrophy in hippocampus and other areas affected by neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. It is not known if long-term calorie restriction (CR) can ameliorate this relationship through improved insulin signaling or if such an effect might influence task learning and performance. To model this hypothesis, magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 27 CR and 17 control rhesus monkeys aged 19-31 years from a longitudinal study. Voxel-based regression analyses were used to associate insulin sensitivity with brain volume and microstructure cross-sectionally. Monkey motor assessment panel (mMAP) performance was used as a measure of task performance. CR improved glucoregulation parameters and related indices. Higher insulin sensitivity predicted more gray matter in parietal and frontal cortices across groups. An insulin sensitivity × dietary condition interaction indicated that CR animals had more gray matter in hippocampus and other areas per unit increase relative to controls, suggesting a beneficial effect. Finally, bilateral hippocampal volume adjusted by insulin sensitivity, but not volume itself, was significantly associated with mMAP learning and performance. These results suggest that CR improves glucose regulation and may positively influence specific brain regions and at least motor task performance. Additional studies are warranted to validate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriel A. Willette
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Erik K. Kastman
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Aaron S. Field
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew L. Alexander
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Aadhavi Sridharan
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David B. Allison
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rozalyn Anderson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mary-Lou Voytko
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Joseph W. Kemnitz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Richard H. Weindruch
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Corresponding author: Sterling C. Johnson,
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46
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Swindell WR. Dietary restriction in rats and mice: a meta-analysis and review of the evidence for genotype-dependent effects on lifespan. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:254-70. [PMID: 22210149 PMCID: PMC3299887 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory survival experiments have shown that dietary restriction (DR) can increase median and maximum lifespan. This paper provides a meta-analysis of laboratory experiments that have evaluated the effects of DR on lifespan in rats and mice (1934-present). In rats, DR increased median lifespan by 14-45% in half of all experiments, but in mice the effects of DR have been much weaker (4-27%). The least favorable effects of DR on lifespan have been observed among inbred rather than non-inbred mouse strains. In fact, some inbred mouse strains do not necessarily live longer with DR, including DBA/2 male mice and several strains from the ILSXISS recombinant inbred panel. Shortening of lifespan with DR has also been observed and confirmed for ILSXISS strain 114. Importantly, all rodent studies may be biased by the effects of laboratory breeding, since one study has shown that median lifespan is not improved by DR in wild-derived mice. These findings suggest that the set of genetic backgrounds studied in rodent DR experiments should be diversified. This will broaden the scope of genotypes studied in aging research, but may also be critical for translation of findings from rodents to historically outbred and genetically heterogeneous primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Swindell
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Fanson BG, Taylor PW. Additive and interactive effects of nutrient classes on longevity, reproduction, and diet consumption in the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:327-34. [PMID: 22094291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Insect lifespan is often closely linked to diet, and diet manipulations have been central to studies of ageing. Recent research has found that lifespan for some flies is maximised on a very low yeast diet, but once all yeast is removed, lifespan drops precipitously. Although effects of yeast availability on lifespan are commonly interpreted in terms of protein, yeast is a complex mix of nutrients and provides a rich source of vitamins, minerals and sterols. Elucidating which components of yeast are involved in this lifespan drop provides insights into more specific nutritional requirements and also provides a test for the commonplace interpretation of yeast in terms of protein. To this end, we fed Queensland fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni) one of eight experimental diets that differed in the nutrient group(s) found in yeast that were added to sucrose: none, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, cholesterol, vitamin+mineral+cholesterol (VMC), vitamin+mineral+cholesterol+amino acids (VMCA), and yeast. We measured survival rates and egg production in single sex and mixed sex cages, as well as nutrient intake of individual flies. We found that the addition of minerals increased lifespan of both male and female flies housed in single sex cages by decreasing baseline mortality. The addition of just amino acids decreased lifespan in female flies; however, when combined with other nutrient groups found in yeast, amino acids increased lifespan by decreasing both baseline mortality and age-specific mortality. Flies on the yeast and VMCA diets were the only ones to show significant egg production. We conclude that the drop in lifespan observed when all yeast is removed is explained by missing micronutrients (vitamins, minerals and cholesterol) as well as the absence of protein in females, whereas minerals alone can explain the pattern for males. These results indicate a need for caution when interpreting effects of dietary yeast as effects of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Fanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Roth LW, Polotsky AJ. Can we live longer by eating less? A review of caloric restriction and longevity. Maturitas 2012; 71:315-9. [PMID: 22281163 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction, decreasing caloric intake by 20-30%, was first shown to extend life in rats nearly 80 years ago. Since that time, limiting food intake for longevity has been investigated in species from yeast to humans. In yeast and lower animals, caloric restriction has repeatedly been demonstrated to lengthen the life span. Studies of caloric restriction in non-human primates and in humans are ongoing and initial results suggest prolongation of life as well as prevention of age-related disease. There is also data in rodents suggesting that short term caloric restriction has beneficial effects on fertility. Although caloric restriction has many positive effects on health and longevity, quality of life on a restricted diet as well as the ability to maintain that diet long term are concerns that must be considered in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren W Roth
- University of Colorado, Denver, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, 12631 East 17th Avenue, B-189-3 Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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McKiernan SH, Colman RJ, Aiken E, Evans TD, Beasley TM, Aiken JM, Weindruch R, Anderson RM. Cellular adaptation contributes to calorie restriction-induced preservation of skeletal muscle in aged rhesus monkeys. Exp Gerontol 2011; 47:229-36. [PMID: 22226624 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a 30% reduced calorie intake diet delayed the onset of muscle mass loss in adult monkeys between ~16 and ~22 years of age and prevented multiple cellular phenotypes of aging. In the present study we show the impact of long term (~17 years) calorie restriction (CR) on muscle aging in very old monkeys (27-33 yrs) compared to age-matched Control monkeys fed ad libitum, and describe these data in the context of the whole longitudinal study. Muscle mass was preserved in very old calorie restricted (CR) monkeys compared to age-matched Controls. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an age-associated increase in the proportion of Type I fibers in the VL from Control animals that was prevented with CR. The cross sectional area (CSA) of Type II fibers was reduced in old CR animals compared to earlier time points (16-22 years of age); however, the total loss in CSA was only 15% in CR animals compared to 36% in old Controls at ~27 years of age. Atrophy was not detected in Type I fibers from either group. Notably, Type I fiber CSA was ~1.6 fold greater in VL from CR animals compared to Control animals at ~27 years of age. The frequency of VL muscle fibers with defects in mitochondrial electron transport system enzymes (ETS(ab)), the absence of cytochrome c oxidase and hyper-reactive succinate dehydrogenase, were identical between Control and CR. We describe changes in ETS(ab) fiber CSA and determined that CR fibers respond differently to the challenge of mitochondrial deficiency. Fiber counts of intact rectus femoris muscles revealed that muscle fiber density was preserved in old CR animals. We suggest that muscle fibers from CR animals are better poised to endure and adapt to changes in muscle mass than those of Control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H McKiernan
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States.
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Bendlin B, Canu E, Willette A, Kastman E, McLaren D, Kosmatka K, Xu G, Field A, Colman R, Coe C, Weindruch R, Alexander A, Johnson S. Effects of aging and calorie restriction on white matter in rhesus macaques. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32:2319.e1-11. [PMID: 20541839 PMCID: PMC2939965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rhesus macaques on a calorie restricted diet (CR) develop less age-related disease, have virtually no indication of diabetes, are protected against sarcopenia, and potentially live longer. Beneficial effects of caloric restriction likely include reductions in age-related inflammation and oxidative damage. Oligodendrocytes are particularly susceptible to inflammation and oxidative stress, therefore, we hypothesized that CR would have a beneficial effect on brain white matter and would attenuate age-related decline in this tissue. CR monkeys and controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). A beneficial effect of CR indexed by DTI was observed in superior longitudinal fasciculus, fronto-occipital fasciculus, external capsule, and brainstem. Aging effects were observed in several regions, although CR appeared to attenuate age-related alterations in superior longitudinal fasciculus, frontal white matter, external capsule, right parahippocampal white matter, and dorsal occipital bundle. The results, however, were regionally specific and also suggested that CR is not salutary across all white matter. Further evaluation of this unique cohort of elderly primates to mortality will shed light on the ultimate benefits of an adult-onset, moderate CR diet for deferring brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.B. Bendlin
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E. Canu
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A.A. Willette
- Harlow Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - E.K. Kastman
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D.G. McLaren
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K.J. Kosmatka
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - G. Xu
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A.S. Field
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Radiology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R.J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - C.L. Coe
- Harlow Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - R.H. Weindruch
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - A.L. Alexander
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Physics, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S.C. Johnson
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
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