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Tylutka A, Morawin B, Walas Ł, Zembron-Lacny A. Does excess body weight accelerate immune aging? Exp Gerontol 2024; 187:112377. [PMID: 38346543 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity in older adults increase the risk of a range of comorbidities by sustaining chronic inflammation and thus enhancing immunosenescence. This study aimed to assess whether excess body mass affected disproportion in T lymphocytes. Therefore, the study was designed to explain whether excess body mass in older individuals affected the disproportion in numbers of T lymphocytes and whether anthropometric indices and immune risk profile expressed as CD4/CD8 ratio are diagnostically useful in the analysis of immunosenescence. MATERIALS & METHODS One hundred three individuals aged 73.6 ± 3.1 years were allocated to the normal body mass (body mass index (BMI) 18.5-24.9 kg/m2,n = 39), the pre-obesity (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2, n = 44) or the obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, n = 20) group, based on WHO recommendations. Details on the subjects' medical history and lifestyle were obtained by health questionnaire. Anthropometric analysis was performed by bioelectrical impedance method, biochemical analysis was made by the automatic analyzer and ELISA immunoassays, and T and B lymphocyte counts were determined by eight-parameter flow cytometry. Additionally, visceral adiposity index, body adiposity index (BAI), and body shape index (ABSI) were evaluated based on body circumference, BMI and lipid-lipoprotein profile measurements. RESULTS The highest percentage of CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes (59.4 ± 12.6 %) and the lowest CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes (31.6 ± 10.0 %) were noted in patients the obesity group. The highest cut-off value of 1.9 for CD4/CD8 ratio was recorded in the normal body mass vs pre-obesity model. CD4/CD8 ratio > 2.5 was recorded in >20 % of our pre-obesity and obesity groups while 64.5 % of the normal body mass group had CD4/CD8 ratio < 1. High diagnostic usefulness was demonstrated for both BAI and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (AUC values of ~0.800 and ~ 0.900 respectively) in three models: normal body mass vs pre-obesity, normal body mass vs obesity, and pre-obesity vs obesity. CONCLUSION The odds ratios (OR) for CD4/CD8 ratio in the normal body mass vs obesity model (OR = 16.1, 95%CI 3.8-93.6) indicated a potential diagnostic value of T lymphocytes for clinical prognosis of immune aging in relation to excess body weight in older adults. High values of AUC obtained for the following models: CD4/CD8 + BAI (AUC = 0.927), CD4/CD8 + LAP (AUC = 1.00), CD4/CD8 + ABSI (AUC = 0.865) proved to provide excellent discrimination between older adults with obesity and with normal body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylutka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Barbara Morawin
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Walas
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, Poland.
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Perri V, Zingaropoli MA, Pasculli P, Ciccone F, Tartaglia M, Baione V, Malimpensa L, Ferrazzano G, Mastroianni CM, Conte A, Ciardi MR. The Impact of Cytomegalovirus Infection on Natural Killer and CD8+ T Cell Phenotype in Multiple Sclerosis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:154. [PMID: 38534424 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease that has been classified as an immune-mediated attack on myelin, the protective sheath of nerves. Some aspects of its pathogenesis are still unclear; nevertheless, it is generally established that viral infections influence the course of the disease. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major pathogen involved in alterations of the immune system, including the expansion of highly differentiated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and the accumulation of adaptive natural killer (NK) cells expressing high levels of the NKG2C receptor. In this study, we evaluated the impact of latent CMV infection on MS patients through the characterization of peripheral NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and NKT-like cells using flow cytometry. We evaluated the associations between immune cell profiles and clinical features such as MS duration and MS progression, evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We showed that NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and NKT-like cells had an altered phenotype in CMV-infected MS patients and displayed high levels of the NKG2C receptor. Moreover, in MS patients, increased NKG2C expression levels were found to be associated with higher EDSS scores. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that CMV infection imprints the immune system by modifying the phenotype and receptor repertoire of NK and CD8+ T cells, suggesting a detrimental role of CMV on MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Pasculli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ciccone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tartaglia
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Baione
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gina Ferrazzano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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3
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Müller L, Di Benedetto S. Immunosenescence and Cytomegalovirus: Exploring Their Connection in the Context of Aging, Health, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:753. [PMID: 38255826 PMCID: PMC10815036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging induces numerous physiological alterations, with immunosenescence emerging as a pivotal factor. This phenomenon has attracted both researchers and clinicians, prompting profound questions about its implications for health and disease. Among the contributing factors, one intriguing actor in this complex interplay is human cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the herpesvirus family. Latent CMV infection exerts a profound influence on the aging immune system, potentially contributing to age-related diseases. This review delves into the intricate relationship between immunosenescence and CMV, revealing how chronic viral infection impacts the aging immune landscape. We explore the mechanisms through which CMV can impact both the composition and functionality of immune cell populations and induce shifts in inflammatory profiles with aging. Moreover, we examine the potential role of CMV in pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, COVID-19, and Long COVID. This review underlines the importance of understanding the complex interplay between immunosenescence and CMV. It offers insights into the pathophysiology of aging and age-associated diseases, as well as COVID-19 outcomes among the elderly. By unraveling the connections between immunosenescence and CMV, we gain a deeper understanding of aging's remarkable journey and the profound role that viral infections play in transforming the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Marandu TF, Dombek M, Gutknecht M, Griessl M, Riça IG, Vlková B, Macáková K, Panagioti E, Griffith A, Lederer J, Yaffe M, Shankar S, Otterbein L, Itagaki K, Hauser CJ, Cook CH. Cytomegalovirus durably primes neutrophil oxidative burst. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:459-474. [PMID: 37566762 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus that infects most humans, thereafter persisting lifelong in tissues of the host. It is a known pathogen in immunosuppressed patients, but its impact on immunocompetent hosts remains less understood. Recent data have shown that CMV leaves a significant and long-lasting imprint in host immunity that may confer some protection against subsequent bacterial infection. Such innate immune activation may come at a cost, however, with potential to cause immunopathology. Neutrophils are central to many models of immunopathology, and while acute CMV infection is known to influence neutrophil biology, the impact of chronic CMV infection on neutrophil function remains unreported. Using our murine model of CMV infection and latency, we show that chronic CMV causes persistent enhancement of neutrophil oxidative burst well after resolution of acute infection. Moreover, this in vivo priming of marrow neutrophils is associated with enhanced formyl peptide receptor expression, and ultimately constitutive c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation and enhanced CD14 expression in/on circulating neutrophils. Finally, we show that neutrophil priming is dependent on viral load, suggesting that naturally infected human hosts will show variability in CMV-related neutrophil priming. Altogether, these findings represent a previously unrecognized and potentially important impact of chronic CMV infection on neutrophil responsiveness in immunocompetent hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Marandu
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, Hospital Hill Rd, University of Dar es Salaam, Mbeya 53107, Tanzania
| | - Michael Dombek
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Michael Gutknecht
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Marion Griessl
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Ingred Goretti Riça
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, and Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Barbora Vlková
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 4 Sasinkova St, Bratislava 811 08, Slovakia
| | - Kristína Macáková
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 4 Sasinkova St, Bratislava 811 08, Slovakia
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Alec Griffith
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - James Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Michael Yaffe
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, and Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Sidharth Shankar
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Leo Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Kiyoshi Itagaki
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Charles H Cook
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
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5
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Savitz J, Goeckner BD, Ford BN, Kent Teague T, Zheng H, Harezlak J, Mannix R, Tugan Muftuler L, Brett BL, McCrea MA, Meier TB. The effects of cytomegalovirus on brain structure following sport-related concussion. Brain 2023; 146:4262-4273. [PMID: 37070698 PMCID: PMC10545519 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophic herpes virus cytomegalovirus is a known cause of neuropathology in utero and in immunocompromised populations. Cytomegalovirus is reactivated by stress and inflammation, possibly explaining the emerging evidence linking it to subtle brain changes in the context of more minor disturbances of immune function. Even mild forms of traumatic brain injury, including sport-related concussion, are major physiological stressors that produce neuroinflammation. In theory, concussion could predispose to the reactivation of cytomegalovirus and amplify the effects of physical injury on brain structure. However, to our knowledge this hypothesis remains untested. This study evaluated the effect of cytomegalovirus serostatus on white and grey matter structure in a prospective study of athletes with concussion and matched contact-sport controls. Athletes who sustained concussion (n = 88) completed MRI at 1, 8, 15 and 45 days post-injury; matched uninjured athletes (n = 73) completed similar visits. Cytomegalovirus serostatus was determined by measuring serum IgG antibodies (n = 30 concussed athletes and n = 21 controls were seropositive). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for confounding factors between athletes with and without cytomegalovirus. White matter microstructure was assessed using diffusion kurtosis imaging metrics in regions previously shown to be sensitive to concussion. T1-weighted images were used to quantify mean cortical thickness and total surface area. Concussion-related symptoms, psychological distress, and serum concentration of C-reactive protein at 1 day post-injury were included as exploratory outcomes. Planned contrasts compared the effects of cytomegalovirus seropositivity in athletes with concussion and controls, separately. There was a significant effect of cytomegalovirus on axial and radial kurtosis in athletes with concussion but not controls. Cytomegalovirus positive athletes with concussion showed greater axial (P = 0.007, d = 0.44) and radial (P = 0.010, d = 0.41) kurtosis than cytomegalovirus negative athletes with concussion. Similarly, there was a significant association of cytomegalovirus with cortical thickness in athletes with concussion but not controls. Cytomegalovirus positive athletes with concussion had reduced mean cortical thickness of the right hemisphere (P = 0.009, d = 0.42) compared with cytomegalovirus negative athletes with concussion and showed a similar trend for the left hemisphere (P = 0.036, d = 0.33). There was no significant effect of cytomegalovirus on kurtosis fractional anisotropy, surface area, symptoms and C-reactive protein. The results raise the possibility that cytomegalovirus infection contributes to structural brain abnormalities in the aftermath of concussion perhaps via an amplification of concussion-associated neuroinflammation. More work is needed to identify the biological pathways underlying this process and to clarify the clinical relevance of this putative viral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74119, USA
| | - Bryna D Goeckner
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Bart N Ford
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - T Kent Teague
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
| | - Haixia Zheng
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - L Tugan Muftuler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Benjamin L Brett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael A McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Timothy B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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6
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Gaiffe E, Colladant M, Desmaret M, Bamoulid J, Leroux F, Laheurte C, Brouard S, Giral M, Saas P, Courivaud C, Degauque N, Ducloux D. Pre-transplant immune profile defined by principal component analysis predicts acute rejection after kidney transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192440. [PMID: 37497224 PMCID: PMC10367005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute rejection persists as a frequent complication after kidney transplantation. Defining an at-risk immune profile would allow better preventive approaches. Methods We performed unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis on pre-transplant immunological phenotype in 1113 renal transplant recipients from the ORLY-EST cohort. Results We identified three immune profiles correlated with clinical phenotypes. A memory immune cluster was defined by memory CD4+T cell expansion and decreased naïve CD4+T cell. An activated immune cluster was characterized by an increase in CD8+T cells and a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. A naïve immune cluster was mainly defined by increased naïve CD4+T cells. Patients from the memory immune profile tend to be older and to have diabetes whereas those from the activated immune profile were younger and more likely to have pre-transplant exposure to CMV. Patients from the activated immune profile were more prone to experience acute rejection than those from other clusters [(HR=1.69, 95%IC[1.05-2.70], p=0.030) and (HR=1.85; 95%IC[1.16-3.00], p=0.011). In the activated immune profile, those without previous exposure to CMV (24%) were at very high risk of acute rejection (27 vs 16%, HR=1.85; 95%IC[1.04-3.33], p=0.039). Conclusion Immune profile determination based on principal component analysis defines clinically different sub-groups and discriminate a population at high-risk of acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Gaiffe
- Besançon University Hospital, INSERM CIC-1431, Besançon, France
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Mathilde Colladant
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Besançon University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Besançon, France
| | - Maxime Desmaret
- Besançon University Hospital, INSERM CIC-1431, Besançon, France
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Jamal Bamoulid
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Besançon University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Besançon, France
| | - Franck Leroux
- Besançon University Hospital, INSERM CIC-1431, Besançon, France
| | - Caroline Laheurte
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Université de Nantes (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Université de Nantes (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Cécile Courivaud
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Besançon University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Besançon, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Université de Nantes (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Didier Ducloux
- Besançon University Hospital, INSERM CIC-1431, Besançon, France
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Besançon University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Besançon, France
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7
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Souquette A, Allen EK, Oshansky CM, Tang L, Wong SS, Jeevan T, Shi L, Pounds S, Elias G, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Zapata R, Shaw-Saliba K, Damme PV, Tendeloo VV, Dib JC, Ogunjimi B, Webby R, Schultz-Cherry S, Pekosz A, Rothman R, Gordon A, Thomas PG. Integrated Drivers of Basal and Acute Immunity in Diverse Human Populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.25.534227. [PMID: 36993205 PMCID: PMC10055315 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.25.534227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have identified genetic, infectious, and biological associations with immune competence and disease severity; however, there have been few integrative analyses of these factors and study populations are often limited in demographic diversity. Utilizing samples from 1,705 individuals in 5 countries, we examined putative determinants of immunity, including: single nucleotide polymorphisms, ancestry informative markers, herpesvirus status, age, and sex. In healthy subjects, we found significant differences in cytokine levels, leukocyte phenotypes, and gene expression. Transcriptional responses also varied by cohort, and the most significant determinant was ancestry. In influenza infected subjects, we found two disease severity immunophenotypes, largely driven by age. Additionally, cytokine regression models show each determinant differentially contributes to acute immune variation, with unique and interactive, location-specific herpesvirus effects. These results provide novel insight into the scope of immune heterogeneity across diverse populations, the integrative effects of factors which drive it, and the consequences for illness outcomes.
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8
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Peluso MJ, Deveau TM, Munter SE, Ryder D, Buck A, Beck-Engeser G, Chan F, Lu S, Goldberg SA, Hoh R, Tai V, Torres L, Iyer NS, Deswal M, Ngo LH, Buitrago M, Rodriguez A, Chen JY, Yee BC, Chenna A, Winslow JW, Petropoulos CJ, Deitchman AN, Hellmuth J, Spinelli MA, Durstenfeld MS, Hsue PY, Kelly JD, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Henrich TJ. Chronic viral coinfections differentially affect the likelihood of developing long COVID. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163669. [PMID: 36454631 PMCID: PMC9888380 DOI: 10.1172/jci163669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe presence and reactivation of chronic viral infections, such as EBV, CMV, and HIV, have been proposed as potential contributors to long COVID (LC), but studies in well-characterized postacute cohorts of individuals with COVID-19 over a longer time course consistent with current case definitions of LC are limited.METHODSIn a cohort of 280 adults with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, we assessed the presence and types of LC symptoms and prior medical history (including COVID-19 history and HIV status) and performed serological testing for EBV and CMV using a commercial laboratory. We used covariate-adjusted binary logistic regression models to identify independent associations between variables and LC symptoms.RESULTSWe observed that LC symptoms, such as fatigue and neurocognitive dysfunction, at a median of 4 months following initial diagnosis were independently associated with serological evidence suggesting recent EBV reactivation (early antigen-diffuse IgG positivity) or high nuclear antigen (EBNA) IgG levels but not with ongoing EBV viremia. Serological evidence suggesting recent EBV reactivation (early antigen-diffuse IgG positivity) was most strongly associated with fatigue (OR = 2.12). Underlying HIV infection was also independently associated with neurocognitive LC (OR = 2.5). Interestingly, participants who had serologic evidence of prior CMV infection were less likely to develop neurocognitive LC (OR = 0.52).CONCLUSIONOverall, these findings suggest differential effects of chronic viral coinfections on the likelihood of developing LC and association with distinct syndromic patterns. Further assessment during the acute phase of COVID-19 is warranted.TRIAL REGISTRATIONLong-term Impact of Infection with Novel Coronavirus; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04362150.FUNDINGThis work was supported by NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grants (3R01AI141003-03S1, R01AI158013, and K24AI145806); the Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital Department of Medicine and Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine; and the UCSF-Bay Area Center for AIDS Research (P30-AI027763).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fay Chan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, and
| | - Scott Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah A. Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine
| | - Viva Tai
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine
| | | | | | - Monika Deswal
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine
| | - Lynn H. Ngo
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Brandon C. Yee
- Monogram Biosciences Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ahmed Chenna
- Monogram Biosciences Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John W. Winslow
- Monogram Biosciences Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Daniel Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Davies EL, Noor M, Lim EY, Houldcroft CJ, Okecha G, Atkinson C, Reeves MB, Jackson SE, Wills MR. HCMV carriage in the elderly diminishes anti-viral functionality of the adaptive immune response resulting in virus replication at peripheral sites. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1083230. [PMID: 36591233 PMCID: PMC9797693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1083230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and periodic reactivation is, generally, well controlled by adaptative immune responses in the healthy. In older people, overt HCMV disease is rarely seen despite the association of HCMV with increased risk of mortality; evidence from studies of unwell aged populations suggest that HCMV seropositivity is an important co-morbidity factor. HCMV genomes have been detected in urine from older donors, suggesting that the immune response prevents systemic disease but possibly immunomodulation due to lifelong viral carriage may alter its efficacy at peripheral tissue sites. Previously we have demonstrated that there were no age-related expansions of T cell responses to HCMV or increase in latent viral carriage with age and these T cells produced anti-viral cytokines and viremia was very rarely detected. To investigate the efficacy of anti-HCMV responses with increasing age, we used an in vitro Viral Dissemination Assay (VDA) using autologous dermal fibroblasts to determine the anti-viral effector capacity of total PBMC, as well as important subsets (T cells, NK cells). In parallel we assessed components of the humoral response (antibody neutralization) and combined this with qPCR detection of HCMV in blood, saliva and urine in a cohort of young and old donors. Consistent with previous studies, we again show HCMV specific cIL-10, IFNγ and TNFα T cell responses to peptides did not show an age-related defect. However, assessment of direct anti-viral cellular and antibody-mediated adaptive immune responses using the VDA shows that older donors are significantly less able to control viral dissemination in an in vitro assay compared to young donors. Corroborating this observation, we detected viral genomes in saliva samples only from older donors, these donors had a defect in cellular control of viral spread in our in vitro assay. Phenotyping of fibroblasts used in this study shows expression of a number of checkpoint inhibitor ligands which may contribute to the defects observed. The potential to therapeutically intervene in checkpoint inhibitor pathways to prevent HCMV reactivation in the unwell aged is an exciting avenue to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Davies
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mahlaqua Noor
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Y. Lim
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte J. Houldcroft
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Okecha
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Atkinson
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B. Reeves
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Sarah E. Jackson, ; Mark R. Wills,
| | - Mark R. Wills
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Sarah E. Jackson, ; Mark R. Wills,
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10
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Chi M, Tian Z, Ma K, Li Y, Wang L, Nasser MI, Liu C. The diseased kidney: aging and senescent immunology. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2022; 19:58. [PMCID: PMC9666969 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractImmunosenescence is the deterioration of the innate and adaptive immune systems associated with aging and is primarily characterized by a reduction in T cell production and accumulation of atypical subsets. Age-related immunological dysfunction leads to impaired immune protection and persistent low-grade chronic inflammation, resulting in a decreased vaccination response and increased vulnerability to infection, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disease in the elderly. As the elderly constitute a growing proportion of the population with renal disease, immunosenescence is a normal aging process that is prevalent among older people. In addition, immunosenescence seems to be more pronounced in patients with kidney diseases than in healthy controls, as shown by severe chronic inflammation, accumulation of immune cells with the senescent phenotype (CD28− T cells, CD14+CD16+ monocytes), and proinflammatory cytokine production. Immunosenescence inhibits immunological clearance and renal tissue regeneration, thereby increasing the risk of permanent renal damage, infection, and cardiovascular events in patients with kidney disease, lowering the prognosis, and even influencing the efficacy of renal replacement treatment. Biological drugs (senomorphics and senolytics) target the aging immune system and exert renoprotective effects. This review aims to emphasize the features of immunosenescence and its influence on kidney diseases and immunotherapy, highlighting the future directions of kidney disease treatment using senescence-focused techniques.
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11
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Effect of Cytomegalovirus on the Immune System: Implications for Aging and Mental Health. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 61:181-214. [PMID: 35871707 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major modulator of the immune system leading to long-term changes in T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells among others. Perhaps because of this immunomodulatory capacity, HCMV infection has been linked with a host of deleterious effects including accelerated immune aging (premature mortality, increased expression of immunosenescence-linked markers, telomere shortening, speeding-up of epigenetic "clocks"), decreased vaccine immunogenicity, and greater vulnerability to infectious diseases (e.g., tuberculosis) or infectious disease-associated pathology (e.g., HIV). Perhaps not surprisingly given the long co-evolution between HCMV and humans, the virus has also been associated with beneficial effects, such as increased vaccine responsiveness, heterologous protection against infections, and protection against relapse in the context of leukemia. Here, we provide an overview of this literature. Ultimately, we focus on one other deleterious effect of HCMV, namely the emerging literature suggesting that HCMV plays a pathophysiological role in psychiatric illness, particularly depression and schizophrenia. We discuss this literature through the lens of psychological stress and inflammation, two well-established risk factors for psychiatric illness that are also known to predispose to reactivation of HCMV.
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12
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Sorrenti V, Benedetti F, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Davinelli S, Zella D, Scapagnini G. Immunomodulatory and Antiaging Mechanisms of Resveratrol, Rapamycin, and Metformin: Focus on mTOR and AMPK Signaling Networks. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080912. [PMID: 35893737 PMCID: PMC9394378 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results from the progressive dysregulation of several molecular pathways and mTOR and AMPK signaling have been suggested to play a role in the complex changes in key biological networks involved in cellular senescence. Moreover, multiple factors, including poor nutritional balance, drive immunosenescence progression, one of the meaningful aspects of aging. Unsurprisingly, nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions could help maintain an optimal biological response by providing essential bioactive micronutrients required for the development, maintenance, and the expression of the immune response at all stages of life. In this regard, many studies have provided evidence of potential antiaging properties of resveratrol, as well as rapamycin and metformin. Indeed, in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated for these molecules a number of positive effects associated with healthy aging. The current review focuses on the mechanisms of action of these three important compounds and their suggested use for the clinical treatment of immunosenescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesca Benedetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Davide Zella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
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13
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Peluso MJ, Deveau TM, Munter SE, Ryder D, Buck A, Beck-Engeser G, Chan F, Lu S, Goldberg SA, Hoh R, Tai V, Torres L, Iyer NS, Deswal M, Ngo LH, Buitrago M, Rodriguez A, Chen JY, Yee BC, Chenna A, Winslow JW, Petropoulos CJ, Deitchman AN, Hellmuth J, Spinelli MA, Durstenfeld MS, Hsue PY, Kelly JD, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Henrich TJ. Impact of Pre-Existing Chronic Viral Infection and Reactivation on the Development of Long COVID. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.06.21.22276660. [PMID: 35898346 PMCID: PMC9327632 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.21.22276660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence and reactivation of chronic viral infections such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been proposed as potential contributors to Long COVID (LC), but studies in well-characterized post-acute cohorts of individuals with COVID-19 over a longer time course consistent with current case definitions of LC are limited. In a cohort of 280 adults with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, we observed that LC symptoms such as fatigue and neurocognitive dysfunction at a median of 4 months following initial diagnosis were independently associated with serological evidence of recent EBV reactivation (early antigen-D [EA-D] IgG positivity) or high nuclear antigen IgG levels, but not with ongoing EBV viremia. Evidence of EBV reactivation (EA-D IgG) was most strongly associated with fatigue (OR 2.12). Underlying HIV infection was also independently associated with neurocognitive LC (OR 2.5). Interestingly, participants who had serologic evidence of prior CMV infection were less likely to develop neurocognitive LC (OR 0.52) and tended to have less severe (>5 symptoms reported) LC (OR 0.44). Overall, these findings suggest differential effects of chronic viral co-infections on the likelihood of developing LC and predicted distinct syndromic patterns. Further assessment during the acute phase of COVID-19 is warranted. SUMMARY The authors found that Long COVID symptoms in a post-acute cohort were associated with serological evidence of recent EBV reactivation and pre-existing HIV infection when adjusted for participant factors, sample timing, comorbid conditions and prior hospitalization, whereas underlying CMV infection was associated with a decreased risk of Long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tyler-Marie Deveau
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sadie E. Munter
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Ryder
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Buck
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Fay Chan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A. Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Viva Tai
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leonel Torres
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nikita S. Iyer
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monika Deswal
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lynn H. Ngo
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Buitrago
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Rodriguez
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Chenna
- Monogram Biosciences Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Hellmuth
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A. Spinelli
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Priscilla Y. Hsue
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J. Daniel Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Timothy J. Henrich, MD, MMSc, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Bld 3, Rm 525a, San Francisco CA 94110 USA,
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14
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Shive C, Pandiyan P. Inflammation, Immune Senescence, and Dysregulated Immune Regulation in the Elderly. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:840827. [PMID: 35821823 PMCID: PMC9261323 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.840827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An optimal immune response requires the appropriate interaction between the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system as well as a proper balance of activation and regulation. After decades of life, the aging immune system is continuously exposed to immune stressors and inflammatory assaults that lead to immune senescence. In this review, we will discuss inflammaging in the elderly, specifically concentrating on IL-6 and IL-1b in the context of T lymphocytes, and how inflammation is related to mortality and morbidities, specifically cardiovascular disease and cancer. Although a number of studies suggests that the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-b is elevated in the elderly, heightened inflammation persists. Thus, the regulation of the immune response and the ability to return the immune system to homeostasis is also important. Therefore, we will discuss cellular alterations in aging, concentrating on senescent T cells and CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in aging
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pushpa Pandiyan
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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15
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Wijngaarden LH, Taselaar AE, Nuijten F, van der Harst E, Klaassen RA, Kuijper TM, Jongbloed F, Ambagtsheer G, Klepper M, IJzermans JNM, de Bruin RWF, Litjens NHR. T and B Cell Composition and Cytokine Producing Capacity Before and After Bariatric Surgery. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888278. [PMID: 35860273 PMCID: PMC9289114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbid obesity is associated with a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, which may lead to accelerated differentiation of T and B cells. These differentiated immune cells are strongly cytotoxic and have an increased pro-inflammatory cytokine producing capacity. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory function of the T and B cells decreases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of morbid obesity on the subset profile and cytokine producing capacity of T and B cells. Subsequently, we assessed whether bariatric surgery affected the subset profile and cytokine producing capacity of these cells. We determined the proportion of T and B cell subsets and their cytokine producing capacity in peripheral blood collected from 23 morbidly obese patients before and three months after bariatric surgery using flow-cytometry. We compared this with the results of 25 lean controls. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed a more differentiated subset profile in morbidly obese patients as compared to lean controls, which was not recovered three months after bariatric surgery. The B cell composition of morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery adjusted towards the profile of lean controls. However, the IL-2 and IFN-γ producing capacity of CD8+ T cells and the IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 producing capacity of B cells was not restored three months after bariatric surgery. In conclusion, the data suggest that the immune system has the capacity to recover from the detrimental effects of morbid obesity within three months after bariatric surgery in terms of cell composition; however, this was not seen in terms of cytokine producing capacity. The full restoration of the immune system after bariatric surgery may thus take longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. H. Wijngaarden
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. E. Taselaar
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - F. Nuijten
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. van der Harst
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. A. Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - T. M. Kuijper
- Maasstad Academy, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - F. Jongbloed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - G. Ambagtsheer
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. N. M. IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. W. F. de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. W. F. de Bruin,
| | - N. H. R. Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Niemiro GM, Coletta AM, Agha NH, Mylabathula PL, Baker FL, Brewster AM, Bevers TB, Fuentes-Mattei E, Basen-Engquist K, Katsanis E, Gilchrist SC, Simpson RJ. Salutary effects of moderate but not high intensity aerobic exercise training on the frequency of peripheral T-cells associated with immunosenescence in older women at high risk of breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:17. [PMID: 35321743 PMCID: PMC8941789 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunosenescence is described as age-associated changes within the immune system that are responsible for decreased immunity and increased cancer risk. Physically active individuals have fewer ‘senescent’ and more naïve T-cells compared to their sedentary counterparts, but it is not known if exercise training can rejuvenate ‘older looking’ T-cell profiles. We determined the effects of 12-weeks supervised exercise training on the frequency of T-cell subtypes in peripheral blood and their relationships with circulating levels of the muscle-derived cytokines (i.e. ‘myokines’) IL-6, IL-7, IL-15 and osteonectin in older women at high risk of breast cancer. The intervention involved 3 sessions/week of either high intensity interval exercise (HIIT) or moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT) and were compared to an untrained control (UC) group. Results HIIT decreased total granulocytes, CD4+ T-cells, CD4+ naïve T-cells, CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTE) and the CD4:CD8 ratio after training, whereas MICT increased total lymphocytes and CD8 effector memory (EM) T-cells. The change in total T-cells, CD4+ naïve T-cells, CD4+ central memory (CM) T-cells and CD4+ RTE was elevated after MICT compared to HIIT. Changes in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\max } $$\end{document}V˙O2max after training, regardless of exercise prescription, was inversely related to the change in highly differentiated CD8+ EMRA T-cells and positively related to changes in β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) expression on CM CD4+ and CM CD8+ T-cells. Plasma myokine levels did not change significantly among the groups after training, but individual changes in IL-7 were positively related to changes in the number of β2-AR expressing CD4 naïve T cells in both exercise groups but not controls. Further, CD4 T-cells and CD4 naive T-cells were negatively related to changes in IL-6 and osteonectin after HIIT but not MICT, whereas CD8 EMRA T-cells were inversely related to changes in IL-15 after MICT but not HIIT. Conclusions Aerobic exercise training alters the frequency of peripheral T-cells associated with immunosenescence in middle aged/older women at high risk of breast cancer, with HIIT (pro-senescent) and MICT (anti-senescent) evoking divergent effects. Identifying the underlying mechanisms and establishing whether exercise-induced changes in peripheral T-cell numbers can alter the risk of developing breast cancer warrants investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00266-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Adriana M Coletta
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nadia H Agha
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Preteesh Leo Mylabathula
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Forrest L Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Abenaa M Brewster
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Therese B Bevers
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Radiation Oncology Clinical Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Susan C Gilchrist
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. .,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA. .,Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. .,School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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17
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Poloni C, Szyf M, Cheishvili D, Tsoukas CM. Are the Healthy Vulnerable? Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity in Healthy Adults Is Associated With Accelerated Epigenetic Age and Immune Dysregulation. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:443-452. [PMID: 34255838 PMCID: PMC8344607 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating age as a risk factor for susceptibility to infectious diseases, particularly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is critical. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) serologic prevalence increases with age and associates with inflammatory-mediated diseases in the elderly. However, little is known regarding the subclinical impact of CMV and risk it poses to healthy older adults. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic we conducted a study to determine the association of CMV to biologic age and immune dysregulation. METHODS Community-dwelling, healthy adults older than 60 years were evaluated using DNA methylation assays to define epigenetic age (EpiAge) and T-cell immunophenotyping to assess immune dysregulation. RESULTS All subjects were healthy and asymptomatic. Those CMV seropositive had more lymphocytes, CD8 T cells, CD28- T cells, decreased CD4:CD8 cell ratios, and had higher average EpiAge (65.34 years) than those CMV seronegative (59.53 years). Decreased percent CD4 (P = .003) and numbers of CD4 T cells (P = .0199) correlated with increased EpiAge. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings distinguish altered immunity in the elderly based on CMV status. Chronic CMV infection in healthy, older adults is associated with indicators of immune dysregulation, both of which correlate to differences in EpiAge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Poloni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christos M Tsoukas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Wienecke LM, Cohen S, Bauersachs J, Mebazaa A, Chousterman BG. Immunity and inflammation: the neglected key players in congenital heart disease? Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1957-1971. [PMID: 34855062 PMCID: PMC8636791 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although more than 90% of children born with congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood, patients face significantly higher and premature morbidity and mortality. Heart failure as well as non-cardiac comorbidities represent a striking and life-limiting problem with need for new treatment options. Systemic chronic inflammation and immune activation have been identified as crucial drivers of disease causes and progression in various cardiovascular disorders and are promising therapeutic targets. Accumulating evidence indicates an inflammatory state and immune alterations in children and adults with CHD. In this review, we highlight the implications of chronic inflammation, immunity, and immune senescence in CHD. In this context, we summarize the impact of infant open-heart surgery with subsequent thymectomy on the immune system later in life and discuss the potential role of comorbidities and underlying genetic alterations. How an altered immunity and chronic inflammation in CHD influence patient outcomes facing SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear, but requires special attention, as CHD could represent a population particularly at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concluding remarks address possible clinical implications of immune changes in CHD and consider future immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Wienecke
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30621, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lariboisière University Hospital, DMU Parabol, AP-HP, Paris, France.
- Inserm U942 MASCOT, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Respiratory Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Congenital Heart Diseases Department, M3C Hospital Marie Lannelongue, Université Paris-Saclay, Plessis-Robinson, Paris, France
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30621, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lariboisière University Hospital, DMU Parabol, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm U942 MASCOT, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin G Chousterman
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lariboisière University Hospital, DMU Parabol, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm U942 MASCOT, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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19
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van den Berg SPH, Derksen LY, Drylewicz J, Nanlohy NM, Beckers L, Lanfermeijer J, Gessel SN, Vos M, Otto SA, de Boer RJ, Tesselaar K, Borghans JAM, van Baarle D. Quantification of T-cell dynamics during latent cytomegalovirus infection in humans. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010152. [PMID: 34914799 PMCID: PMC8717968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a major impact on the T-cell pool, which is thought to be associated with ageing of the immune system. The effect on the T-cell pool has been interpreted as an effect of CMV on non-CMV specific T-cells. However, it remains unclear whether the effect of CMV could simply be explained by the presence of large, immunodominant, CMV-specific memory CD8+ T-cell populations. These have been suggested to establish through gradual accumulation of long-lived cells. However, little is known about their maintenance. We investigated the effect of CMV infection on T-cell dynamics in healthy older adults, and aimed to unravel the mechanisms of maintenance of large numbers of CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells. We studied the expression of senescence, proliferation, and apoptosis markers and quantified the in vivo dynamics of CMV-specific and other memory T-cell populations using in vivo deuterium labelling. Increased expression of late-stage differentiation markers by CD8+ T-cells of CMV+ versus CMV- individuals was not solely explained by the presence of large, immunodominant CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell populations. The lifespans of circulating CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells did not differ significantly from those of bulk memory CD8+ T-cells, and the lifespans of bulk memory CD8+ T-cells did not differ significantly between CMV- and CMV+ individuals. Memory CD4+ T-cells of CMV+ individuals showed increased expression of late-stage differentiation markers and decreased Ki-67 expression. Overall, the expression of senescence markers on T-cell populations correlated positively with their expected in vivo lifespan. Together, this work suggests that i) large, immunodominant CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell populations do not explain the phenotypical differences between CMV+ and CMV- individuals, ii) CMV infection hardly affects the dynamics of the T-cell pool, and iii) large numbers of CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells are not due to longer lifespans of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P. H. van den Berg
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lyanne Y. Derksen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Drylewicz
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nening M. Nanlohy
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Josien Lanfermeijer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie N. Gessel
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sigrid A. Otto
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J. de Boer
- Theoretical Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - José A. M. Borghans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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20
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Olbrich L, Stockdale L, Basu Roy R, Song R, Cicin-Sain L, Whittaker E, Prendergast AJ, Fletcher H, Seddon JA. Understanding the interaction between cytomegalovirus and tuberculosis in children: The way forward. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010061. [PMID: 34882748 PMCID: PMC8659711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 1 million children develop tuberculosis (TB) each year, with a quarter dying. Multiple factors impact the risk of a child being exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the risk of progressing to TB disease, and the risk of dying. However, an emerging body of evidence suggests that coinfection with cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous herpes virus, impacts the host response to Mtb, potentially influencing the probability of disease progression, type of TB disease, performance of TB diagnostics, and disease outcome. It is also likely that infection with Mtb impacts CMV pathogenesis. Our current understanding of the burden of these 2 diseases in children, their immunological interactions, and the clinical consequence of coinfection is incomplete. It is also unclear how potential interventions might affect disease progression and outcome for TB or CMV. This article reviews the epidemiological, clinical, and immunological literature on CMV and TB in children and explores how the 2 pathogens interact, while also considering the impact of HIV on this relationship. It outlines areas of research uncertainty and makes practical suggestions as to potential studies that might address these gaps. Current research is hampered by inconsistent definitions, study designs, and laboratory practices, and more consistency and collaboration between researchers would lead to greater clarity. The ambitious targets outlined in the World Health Organization End TB Strategy will only be met through a better understanding of all aspects of child TB, including the substantial impact of coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Olbrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Stockdale
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Jenner Institute, The Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robindra Basu Roy
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rinn Song
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Whittaker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Prendergast
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Helen Fletcher
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Seddon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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How Immunosenescence and Inflammaging May Contribute to Hyperinflammatory Syndrome in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212539. [PMID: 34830421 PMCID: PMC8618618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the dynamic remodeling of the immune system designated “immunosenescence,” and is associated with altered hematopoiesis, thymic involution, and lifelong immune stimulation by multitudinous chronic stressors, including the cytomegalovirus (CMV). Such alterations may contribute to a lowered proportion of naïve T-cells and to reduced diversity of the T-cell repertoire. In the peripheral circulation, a shift occurs towards accumulations of T and B-cell populations with memory phenotypes, and to accumulation of putatively senescent and exhausted immune cells. The aging-related accumulations of functionally exhausted memory T lymphocytes, commonly secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, together with mediators and factors of the innate immune system, are considered to contribute to the low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) often observed in elderly people. These senescent immune cells not only secrete inflammatory mediators, but are also able to negatively modulate their environments. In this review, we give a short summary of the ways that immunosenescence, inflammaging, and CMV infection may cause insufficient immune responses, contribute to the establishment of the hyperinflammatory syndrome and impact the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in elderly people.
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22
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Navarro-Martínez R, Cauli O. Lymphocytes as a Biomarker of Frailty Syndrome: A Scoping Review. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9030053. [PMID: 34287298 PMCID: PMC8293122 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by a decrease in physiological reserve and reduced resistance to stress, as a result of an accumulation of multiple deficits in physiological systems. Frailty increases the vulnerability to adverse events and is associated with the aging process. Several studies show an association between frailty syndrome and altered blood lymphocyte levels, which is therefore potentially useful for monitoring interventions to improve or delay frailty. The main objective of this review is to provide an analysis of the current evidence related to changes in lymphocyte counts and their associations with frailty syndrome. To that end, the literature published in this field until March 2021 was in several databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane. Eighteen studies analyzed the association between lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte subtypes, and frailty syndrome. Eighteen studies were analyzed, and most of them reported associations. Interestingly, the association between frailty syndrome and lower lymphocytes counts appears in different clinical conditions. Further studies are needed to determine the sensitivity of lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte subtypes in the diagnosis and monitoring of frailty syndrome, and for this measure to be used as a biomarker of frailty status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Navarro-Martínez
- Haematology Department, Hospital General Universitario, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Haematology Department, Hospital General Universitario, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-386-41-82
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23
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Booth JS, Goldberg E, Patil SA, Barnes RS, Greenwald BD, Sztein MB. Age-dependency of terminal ileum tissue resident memory T cell responsiveness profiles to S. Typhi following oral Ty21a immunization in humans. Immun Ageing 2021; 18:19. [PMID: 33874975 PMCID: PMC8053564 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of aging on the immune system is unequivocal and results in an altered immune status termed immunosenescence. In humans, the mechanisms of immunosenescence have been examined almost exclusively in blood. However, most immune cells are present in tissue compartments and exhibit differential cell (e.g., memory T cells -TM) subset distributions. Thus, it is crucial to understand immunosenescence in tissues, especially those that are exposed to pathogens (e.g., intestine). Using a human model of oral live attenuated typhoid vaccine, Ty21a, we investigated the effect of aging on terminal ileum (TI) tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells. TRM provide immediate adaptive effector immune responsiveness at the infection site. However, it is unknown whether aging impacts TRM S. Typhi-responsive cells at the site of infection (e.g., TI). Here, we determined the effect of aging on the induction of TI S. Typhi-responsive TRM subsets elicited by Ty21a immunization. RESULTS We observed that aging impacts the frequencies of TI-lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) TM and TRM in both Ty21a-vaccinated and control groups. In unvaccinated volunteers, the frequencies of LPMC CD103- CD4+ TRM displayed a positive correlation with age whilst the CD4/CD8 ratio in LPMC displayed a negative correlation with age. We observed that elderly volunteers have weaker S. Typhi-specific mucosal immune responses following Ty21a immunization compared to adults. For example, CD103+ CD4+ TRM showed reduced IL-17A production, while CD103- CD4+ TRM exhibited lower levels of IL-17A and IL-2 in the elderly than in adults following Ty21a immunization. Similar results were observed in LPMC CD8+ TRM and CD103- CD8+ T cell subsets. A comparison of multifunctional (MF) profiles of both CD4+ and CD8+ TRM subsets between elderly and adults also showed significant differences in the quality and quantity of elicited single (S) and MF responses. CONCLUSIONS Aging influences tissue resident TM S. Typhi-specific responses in the terminal ileum following oral Ty21a-immunization. This study is the first to provide insights in the generation of local vaccine-specific responses in the elderly population and highlights the importance of evaluating tissue immune responses in the context of infection and aging. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03970304 , Registered 29 May 2019 - Retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaum S Booth
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Eric Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seema A Patil
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robin S Barnes
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Bruce D Greenwald
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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24
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Söderberg-Nauclér C. Does reactivation of cytomegalovirus contribute to severe COVID-19 disease? IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:12. [PMID: 33712035 PMCID: PMC7952506 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild to moderate symptoms. However, for unknown reasons, about 15 % have severe pneumonia requiring hospital care and oxygen support, and about 5 % develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and multiorgan failure that result in a high mortality rate. The risk of severe COVID-19 is highest among those who are over 70 years of age. Why severe COVID-19 develops in some people but not others is not understood. Could some cases involve reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Bioclinicum, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Kovalenko EI, Zvyagin IV, Streltsova MA, Mikelov AI, Erokhina SA, Telford WG, Sapozhnikov AM, Lebedev YB. Surface NKG2C Identifies Differentiated αβT-Cell Clones Expanded in Peripheral Blood. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613882. [PMID: 33664730 PMCID: PMC7921799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells that express CD56 in peripheral blood of healthy humans represent a heterogeneous and poorly studied subset. In this work, we analyzed this subset for NKG2C expression. In both CD56+ and CD56- subsets most of the NKG2C+ T cells had a phenotype of highly differentiated CD8+ TEMRA cells. The CD56+NKG2C+ T cells also expressed a number of NK cell receptors, such as NKG2D, CD16, KIR2DL2/DL3, and maturation marker CD57 more often than the CD56-NKG2C+CD3+ cells. TCR β-chain repertoire of the CD3+CD56+NKG2C+ cell fraction was limited by the prevalence of one or several clonotypes which can be found within the most abundant clonotypes in total or CD8+ T cell fraction TCRβ repertoire. Thus, NKG2C expression in highly differentiated CD56+ T cells was associated with the most expanded αβ T cell clones. NKG2C+ T cells produced almost no IFN-γ in response to stimulation with HCMV pp65-derived peptides. This may be partially due to the high content of CD45RA+CD57+ cells in the fraction. CD3+NKG2C+ cells showed signs of activation, and the frequency of this T-cell subset in HCMV-positive individuals was positively correlated with the frequency of NKG2C+ NK cells that may imply a coordinated in a certain extent development of the NKG2C+ T and NK cell subsets under HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I. Kovalenko
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Zvyagin
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Streltsova
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem I. Mikelov
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya A. Erokhina
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - William G. Telford
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alexander M. Sapozhnikov
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury B. Lebedev
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Bowyer G, Sharpe H, Venkatraman N, Ndiaye PB, Wade D, Brenner N, Mentzer A, Mair C, Waterboer T, Lambe T, Dieye T, Mboup S, Hill AVS, Ewer KJ. Reduced Ebola vaccine responses in CMV+ young adults is associated with expansion of CD57+KLRG1+ T cells. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151780. [PMID: 32413101 PMCID: PMC7336307 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CMV is associated with immunosenescence and reduced vaccine responses in the elderly (>70 yr). However, the impact of CMV in young adults is less clear. In this study, healthy UK and Senegalese adults aged 18–50 yr (average, 29 yr) were vaccinated with the Ebola vaccine candidate chimpanzee adenovirus type 3–vectored Ebola Zaire vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) and boosted with modified vaccinia Ankara Ebola Zaire–vectored (MVA–EBO-Z) vaccine. CMV carriage was associated with an expansion of phenotypically senescent CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CD57 and killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), which was negatively associated with vaccine responses in both cohorts. Ebola-specific T cell responses induced by vaccination also contained significantly increased frequencies of terminally differentiated CD57+KLRG1+ cells in CMV seropositive (CMV+) individuals. This study suggests that CMV can also affect vaccine responses in younger adults and may have a particularly marked impact in many developing countries where CMV seroprevalence is almost universal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Djibril Wade
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nicole Brenner
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alex Mentzer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tandakha Dieye
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Katie J Ewer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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27
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Feng L, Romero-Garcia R, Suckling J, Tan J, Larbi A, Cheah I, Wong G, Tsakok M, Lanskey B, Lim D, Li J, Yang J, Goh B, Teck TGC, Ho A, Wang X, Yu JT, Zhang C, Tan C, Chua M, Li J, Totman JJ, Wong C, Loh M, Foo R, Tan CH, Goh LG, Mahendran R, Kennedy BK, Kua EH. Effects of choral singing versus health education on cognitive decline and aging: a randomized controlled trial. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24798-24816. [PMID: 33346748 PMCID: PMC7803497 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine choral singing’s effect on cognitive decline in aging. Older Singaporeans who were at high risk of future dementia were recruited: 47 were assigned to choral singing intervention (CSI) and 46 were assigned to health education program (HEP). Participants attended weekly one-hour choral singing or weekly one-hour health education for two years. Change in cognitive function was measured by a composite cognitive test score (CCTS) derived from raw scores of neuropsychological tests; biomarkers included brain magnetic resonance imaging, oxidative damage and immunosenescence. The average age of the participants were 70 years and 73/93 (78.5%) were female. The change of CCTS from baseline to 24 months was 0.05 among participants in the CSI group and -0.1 among participants in the HEP group. The between-group difference (0.15, p=0.042) became smaller (0.12, p=0.09) after adjusting for baseline CCTS. No between-group differences on biomarkers were observed. Our data support the role of choral singing in improving cognitive health in aging. The beneficial effect is at least comparable than that of health education in preventing cognitive decline in a community of elderly people. Biological mechanisms underlying the observed efficacy should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Jasmine Tan
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Aging Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore
| | - Irwin Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glenn Wong
- Biology of Aging Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore
| | | | - Bernard Lanskey
- Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darius Lim
- Darius Lim, Voices of Singapore Choral Society, Singapore
| | - Jialiang Li
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanna Yang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Goh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Allan Ho
- NTUC Health Co-operative Limited, Singapore
| | - Xiu Wang
- Beijing Chui Yang Liu Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Crystal Tan
- Biology of Aging Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore
| | - Michelle Chua
- Biology of Aging Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore
| | - Junhua Li
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK
| | - John J Totman
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline Wong
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Roger Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chay Hoon Tan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Gan Goh
- Division of Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Academic Development Department, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee-Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Bulut O, Kilic G, Domínguez-Andrés J, Netea MG. Overcoming immune dysfunction in the elderly: trained immunity as a novel approach. Int Immunol 2020; 32:741-753. [PMID: 32766848 PMCID: PMC7680842 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
People with advanced age have a higher susceptibility to infections and exhibit increased mortality and morbidity as the ability of the immune system to combat infections decreases with age. While innate immune cells display functional defects such as decreased phagocytosis, chemotaxis and cytokine production, adaptive immune cells exhibit reduced receptor diversity, defective antibody production and a sharp decline in naive cell populations. Successful responses to vaccination in the elderly are critical to prevent common infections such as influenza and pneumonia, but vaccine efficacy decreases in older individuals compared with young adults. Trained immunity is a newly emerging concept that showed that innate immune cells possess non-specific immunological memory established through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming upon encountering certain pathogenic stimuli. Clinical studies suggest that trained immunity can be utilized to enhance immune responses against infections and improve the efficiency of vaccinations in adults; however, how trained immunity responses are shaped with advanced age is still an open question. In this review, we provide an overview of the age-related changes in the immune system with a focus on innate immunity, discuss current vaccination strategies for the elderly, present the concept of trained immunity and propose it as a novel approach to enhance responses against infections and vaccinations in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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29
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Semmes EC, Hurst JH, Walsh KM, Permar SR. Cytomegalovirus as an immunomodulator across the lifespan. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 44:112-120. [PMID: 32818717 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a nearly ubiquitous β-herpesvirus that establishes latent infection in the majority of the world's population. HCMV infection profoundly influences the host immune system and, perhaps more than any other human pathogen, has been shown to create a lasting imprint on human T and NK cell compartments. HCMV-seropositivity has been associated with both beneficial effects, such as increased vaccine responsiveness or heterologous protection against infections, and deleterious effects, such as pathological neurodevelopmental sequelae from congenital infection in utero and cumulative damage from chronic lifelong latency into old age. The significance of many of these associations is unclear, as studies into the causal mechanisms linking HCMV and these disease outcomes are lacking; however, HCMV-mediated changes to the immune system may play a key role. This review examines how HCMV impacts the host immune system in an age-dependent manner with important implications for human immunophenotypes and long-term disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Semmes
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Children's Health and Discovery Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jillian H Hurst
- Children's Health and Discovery Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Children's Health and Discovery Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Children's Health and Discovery Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham NC, USA.
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30
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Schober K, Fuchs P, Mir J, Hammel M, Fanchi L, Flossdorf M, Busch DH. The CMV-Specific CD8 + T Cell Response Is Dominated by Supra-Public Clonotypes with High Generation Probabilities. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080650. [PMID: 32823573 PMCID: PMC7460440 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary processes govern the selection of T cell clonotypes that are optimally suited to mediate efficient antigen-specific immune responses against pathogens and tumors. While the theoretical diversity of T cell receptor (TCR) sequences is vast, the antigen-specific TCR repertoire is restricted by its peptide epitope and the presenting major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). It remains unclear how many TCR sequences are recruited into an antigen-specific T cell response, both within and across different organisms, and which factors shape both of these distributions. Infection of mice with ovalbumin-expressing cytomegalovirus (IE2-OVA-mCMV) represents a well-studied model system to investigate T cell responses given their size and longevity. Here we investigated > 180,000 H2kb/SIINFEKL-recognizing TCR CDR3α or CDR3β sequences from 25 individual mice spanning seven different time points during acute infection and memory inflation. In-depth repertoire analysis revealed that from a pool of highly diverse, but overall limited sequences, T cell responses were dominated by public clonotypes, partly with unexpectedly extreme degrees of sharedness between individual mice ("supra-public clonotypes"). Public clonotypes were found exclusively in a fraction of TCRs with a high generation probability. Generation probability and degree of sharedness select for highly functional TCRs, possibly mediated through elevating intraindividual precursor frequencies of clonotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (D.H.B.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-6870 (K.S.); +49-89-4140-4120 (D.H.B.)
| | - Pim Fuchs
- ENPICOM B.V., 5211 AX ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (P.F.); (L.F.)
| | - Jonas Mir
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Monika Hammel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Fanchi
- ENPICOM B.V., 5211 AX ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (P.F.); (L.F.)
| | - Michael Flossdorf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (D.H.B.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-6870 (K.S.); +49-89-4140-4120 (D.H.B.)
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31
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The human immunosenescence phenotype: does it exist? Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:537-544. [PMID: 32757035 PMCID: PMC7405710 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
“Immunosenescence” has been invoked as the root cause of increased incidence and severity of infectious disease in older adults and their poorer response to vaccination, and is implicated in increased solid cancers and increased autoimmunity with age. But how to define it in the individual and to show that immunosenescence is responsible for these adverse health outcomes? How can we monitor interventions aimed at restoring appropriate immune function to overcome these perceived immune deficits? Hence, the many efforts over the years aimed at establishing biomarkers of immunosenescence which to be useful must exhibit robust correlations with the chosen clinical outcome. Developments in “omics” technologies acquiring unprecedently detailed data on personal trajectories of immunosenescence and taking into account the under-appreciated importance of gender, ethnicity geography, socioeconomic, and multiple other differences will be of pivotal importance to identify biomarkers that are clinically useful at the level of the individual. This contribution addresses the question of whether or not we are currently in possession of any such useful biomarkers.
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32
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Kadambari S, Klenerman P, Pollard AJ. Why the elderly appear to be more severely affected by COVID-19: The potential role of immunosenescence and CMV. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2144. [PMID: 32671966 PMCID: PMC7404358 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The significantly higher mortality rates seen in the elderly compared with young children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) pandemic is likely to be driven in part by an impaired immune response in older individuals. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence approaches 80% in the elderly. CMV has been shown to accelerate immune ageing by affecting peripheral blood T cell phenotypes and increasing inflammatory mediated cytokines such as IL‐6. The elderly with pre‐existing but clinically silent CMV infection may therefore be particularly susceptible to severe Covid‐19 disease and succumb to a cytokine storm which may have been promoted by CMV. Here, we evaluate the potential role of CMV in those with severe Covid‐19 disease and consider how this relationship can be investigated in current research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seilesh Kadambari
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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33
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Moss P. "The ancient and the new": is there an interaction between cytomegalovirus and SARS-CoV-2 infection? IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 32501397 PMCID: PMC7251217 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents one of the greatest infectious challenges to humanity in recent history. One of the striking features of infection is the heterogeneous clinical response with worse outcomes observed in older patients and those with underlying health conditions. To date the potential impact of previous infection history has been poorly investigated as a potential determinant of risk. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a persistent herpesvirus infection whose prevalence increases with age, is a major modulator of immune function and several observations suggest that infection might act to influence clinical outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, CMV is associated with the acceleration of immune senescence and has been linked to a range of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This review addresses mechanisms by which cytomegalovirus infection may act to worsen the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, discusses how these potential links could be investigated, and assesses the potential significance of any findings that emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Health Partners, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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34
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Betjes MGH, Langerak AW, Klepper M, Litjens NHR. A very low thymus function identifies patients with substantial increased risk for long-term mortality after kidney transplantation. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:4. [PMID: 32082402 PMCID: PMC7020578 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background End-stage renal disease is associated with premature ageing of the T cell immune system but inter-individual variation is substantial. The hypothesis was tested that advanced immunological T cell ageing assessed by peripheral T cell differentiation increases the long-term mortality risk after renal transplantation. Results Circulating T cells of 211 recipients of a kidney from a living donor were analyzed before and in the first year after transplantation. The number of CD31-positive naive T cells (as a marker for recent thymic emigrants) and the differentiation status of the memory T cells was assessed. Thirty recipients died during follow-up of at least 5 years. Absolute numbers of naive CD4+ (living:258 cells/μl vs. deceased:101 cells/μl, p < 0.001) and naive CD8+ T cells (living:97 cells/μl vs. deceased:37 cells/μl, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the deceased group prior to transplantation. In a multivariate proportional hazard analysis the number of naive CD4+ T cells remained associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.98, CI 0.98–0.99, p < 0.001). The low number of naive T cells in the deceased patient group was primarily caused by a decrease in recent thymic emigrants (i.e. less CD31+ naive T cells) indicating a lowered thymus function. In addition, the physiological age-related compensatory increase in CD31− naïve T cells was not observed. Within the first year after transplantation, the number and characteristics of naive T cells remained stable. Conclusions A severe reduction in circulating naïve T cells because of a decrease in recent thymic emigrants is highly associated with all-cause mortality after renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel G H Betjes
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- 2Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H R Litjens
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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35
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Thomas R, Wang W, Su DM. Contributions of Age-Related Thymic Involution to Immunosenescence and Inflammaging. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:2. [PMID: 31988649 PMCID: PMC6971920 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency) and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in immune disorder. Immunosenescence refers to disruption in the structural architecture of immune organs and dysfunction in immune responses, resulting from both aged innate and adaptive immunity. Inflammaging, described as a chronic, sterile, systemic inflammatory condition associated with advanced age, is mainly attributed to somatic cellular senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and age-related autoimmune predisposition. However, the inability to reduce senescent somatic cells (SSCs), because of immunosenescence, exacerbates inflammaging. Age-related adaptive immune system deviations, particularly altered T cell function, are derived from age-related thymic atrophy or involution, a hallmark of thymic aging. Recently, there have been major developments in understanding how age-related thymic involution contributes to inflammaging and immunosenescence at the cellular and molecular levels, including genetic and epigenetic regulation, as well as developments of many potential rejuvenation strategies. Herein, we discuss the research progress uncovering how age-related thymic involution contributes to immunosenescence and inflammaging, as well as their intersection. We also describe how T cell adaptive immunity mediates inflammaging and plays a crucial role in the progression of age-related neurological and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. We then briefly outline the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of age-related thymic involution, and finally summarize potential rejuvenation strategies to restore aged thymic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Thomas
- Cell Biology, Immunology, and Microbiology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
| | - Weikan Wang
- Cell Biology, Immunology, and Microbiology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
| | - Dong-Ming Su
- 2Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
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36
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Rodríguez-Goncer I, Fernández-Ruiz M, Aguado JM. A critical review of the relationship between post-transplant atherosclerotic events and cytomegalovirus exposure in kidney transplant recipients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 18:113-125. [PMID: 31852276 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1707079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after kidney transplantation (KT) has been implicated in the so-called 'indirect effects' attributable to the viral ability to evade host's immunity and trigger sustained inflammation. Whether CMV exposure contributes to the development of post-transplant atherosclerotic events (AEs) remains controversial.Areas covered: This review (based on a PubMed/MEDLINE search from database inception to October 2019) summarizes the proposed mechanisms for the role of CMV in atherogenesis, including accelerated immunosenescence, endothelial injury and inflammatory milieu in the vessel wall. Sero-epidemiological evidence linking CMV exposure and cardiovascular disease in the general population is discussed. Finally, we performed a comprehensive review of observational studies investigating the impact of CMV infection on the occurrence of AE after KT, as well as the potential protective effect of antiviral prophylaxis.Expert opinion: Reviewed studies provide biological plausibility and preliminary clinical evidence pointing to the pathogenic role of CMV in post-transplant atherogenesis. However, no definitive recommendations can be made regarding the use of antiviral prophylaxis to prevent post-transplant AE, since existing evidence is mainly founded on inadequately powered post hoc analysis. Well-designed observational studies should clarify the differential impact of prophylactic or preemptive approaches on the occurrence of CMV-associated post-transplant AE among KT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rodríguez-Goncer
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre", School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre", School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Aguado
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre", School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Hasselmo K, Mehl MR, Tackman AM, Carey AL, Wertheimer AM, Stowe RP, Sbarra DA. Objectively Measured Social Integration Is Associated With an Immune Risk Phenotype Following Marital Separation. Ann Behav Med 2019. [PMID: 29538627 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Close relationships play an integral role in human development, and robust evidence links marital separation and divorce to poor health outcomes. Social integration may play a key role in this association. In many ways, the study of marital separation and divorce provides an ideal model system for a more complete understanding of the association between life stress and physical health. Purpose The current study investigated associations among objectively measured social integration, psychological distress, and biomarkers of immune health in recently separated adults (N = 49). Methods We collected four measures of immune functioning-interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and antibody titers to latent cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus-that were combined to yield a viral-Immune Risk Profile. To assess how variability in social integration is associated with immunological correlates following the end of a marriage, we incorporated observational ecological momentary assessment data using a novel methodology (the Electronically Activated Recorder). Results We found that objectively measured social behaviors are associated with concurrent viral-Immune Risk Profile scores over and above the effects of psychological distress and that psychological distress may be linked to biomarkers of immune health through social integration. Conclusions This research expands current knowledge of biomarkers of immune health after divorce and separation and includes a new methodology for objective measures of social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hasselmo
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthias R Mehl
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Allison M Tackman
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Angela L Carey
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anne M Wertheimer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, General Internal Medicine and Palliative Medicine and University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - David A Sbarra
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, USA
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38
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Castilho JL, Turner M, Shepherd BE, Koethe JR, Furukawa SS, Bofill CE, Raffanti S, Sterling TR. CD4/CD8 Ratio and CD4 Nadir Predict Mortality Following Noncommunicable Disease Diagnosis in Adults Living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:960-967. [PMID: 31407605 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cirrhosis, and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs), have been associated with HIV viremia, CD4 cell counts, and CD4/CD8 ratio in persons living with HIV (PLWH). This study examined the importance of these markers to mortality risk following NCD diagnosis. We examined factors associated with mortality following incident CVD, cirrhosis, or NADCs in a clinical cohort of PLWH between 1998 and 2015. We calculated Kaplan-Meier estimates and used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. We included 341 patients with NCDs (CVD = 169, cancer = 103, and cirrhosis = 67), of whom 129 died. Median age at NCD diagnosis was 49 years and median proportion of time before NCD with virologic suppression was 64%. Median survival after CVD was longer than for cancer or cirrhosis (11.6 years vs. 4.8 and 3.4 years, respectively; log rank test p < .001). In multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, higher CD4/CD8 ratio preceding NCD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] per 0.1 increase = 0.92 [95% confidence interval 0.85-0.99]) and higher CD4 nadir (aHR per 100 cells/μL = 0.84 [0.72-0.97]) were associated with decreased mortality risk. Neither CD4 cell count before NCD nor HIV viremia was statistically associated with mortality in adjusted models. When restricted to 116 patients with virologic suppression for ≥80% of time before NCD, only CD4 nadir was associated with mortality risk. Low CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4 nadir were associated with increased mortality risk after NCD, suggesting that prior immunosuppression or ongoing immune imbalance remain important for outcomes following serious NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Castilho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan Turner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bryan E. Shepherd
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John R. Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sally S. Furukawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carmen E. Bofill
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephen Raffanti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy R. Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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39
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Miles DJC, Shumba F, Pachnio A, Begum J, Corbett EL, Heyderman RS, Moss P. Early T Cell Differentiation with Well-Maintained Function across the Adult Life Course in Sub-Saharan Africa. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1160-1171. [PMID: 31358657 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune senescence is a significant contributor to health problems in the developed world and may be accelerated by chronic viral infections. To date, there have been few studies of immune function in healthy older people in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed T cell and B cell phenotypes and immune responses to CMV, EBV, and influenza virus in Malawians aged 20-69 y. Notably, the proportion of naive (CCR7+CD45RA+) CD4 and CD8 T cells was only 14% of the lymphoid repertoire even in donors aged under 30 y but did not decrease further with age. A small increase in the late differentiated (CD27-CD28-) CD8 T cell subpopulation was observed in older donors but the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio remained stable in all age groups. Interestingly, the regulatory (CD25hiFOXP3hi) T cell subpopulation was small in all age groups, and we observed no age-associated accumulation of cells expressing the senescence- and exhaustion-associated markers CD57 and PD-1. We assessed functional T cell responses to mitogenic and viral antigenic stimulation by the expression of CD154, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17 and proliferation. All responses were robust across the life course, although we observed an age-associated shift from IFN-γ to TNF-α in the response to EBV. In summary, we found the naive T cell subpopulation of young adult Malawians was smaller than in their contemporaries in high-income settings but remains stable thereafter and that lymphocyte function is retained across the life course. These observations indicate that studies of the genetic and environmental factors influencing immune function in different environments may provide insights into minimizing immune ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J C Miles
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and .,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Shumba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
| | - Annette Pachnio
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jusnara Begum
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth L Corbett
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
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40
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DeWolfe D, Aid M, McGann K, Ghofrani J, Geiger E, Helzer C, Malik S, Kleiboeker S, Jost S, Tan CS. NK Cells Contribute to the Immune Risk Profile in Kidney Transplant Candidates. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1890. [PMID: 31507586 PMCID: PMC6716214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A previously proposed immune risk profile (IRP), based on T cell phenotype and CMV serotype, is associated with mortality in the elderly and increased infections post-kidney transplant. To evaluate if NK cells contribute to the IRP and if the IRP can be predicted by a clinical T cell functional assays, we conducted a cross sectional study in renal transplant candidates to determine the incidence of IRP and its association with specific NK cell characteristics and ImmuKnow® value. Material and Methods: Sixty five subjects were enrolled in 5 cohorts designated by age and dialysis status. We determined T and NK cell phenotypes by flow cytometry and analyzed multiple factors contributing to IRP. Results: We identified 14 IRP+ [CMV seropositivity and CD4/CD8 ratio < 1 or being in the highest quintile of CD8+ senescent (28CD–/CD57+) T cells] individuals equally divided amongst the cohorts. Multivariable linear regression revealed a distinct IRP+ group. Age and dialysis status did not predict immune senescence in kidney transplant candidates. NK cell features alone could discriminate IRP– and IRP+ patients, suggesting that NK cells significantly contribute to the overall immune status in kidney transplant candidates and that a combined T and NK cell phenotyping can provide a more detailed IRP definition. ImmuKnow® value was negatively correlated to age and significantly lower in IRP+ patients and predicts IRP when used alone or in combination with NK cell features. Conclusion: NK cells contribute to overall immune senescence in kidney transplant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David DeWolfe
- Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Malika Aid
- Center for Virology and Vaccines Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin McGann
- Center for Virology and Vaccines Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua Ghofrani
- Center for Virology and Vaccines Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emma Geiger
- Center for Virology and Vaccines Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Helzer
- Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaily Malik
- Center for Virology and Vaccines Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Stephanie Jost
- Center for Virology and Vaccines Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chen Sabrina Tan
- Center for Virology and Vaccines Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has long been thought to be an immunosuppressive disease and abnormalities in T-cell subset distribution and function have been observed in many studies. However, the role of T cells (if any) in disease progression remains unclear and has not been directly studied. This has changed with the advent of new therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, which actively use retargeted patient-derived T cells as "living drugs" for CLL. However complete responses are relatively low (~26%) and recent studies have suggested the differentiation status of patient T cells before therapy may influence efficacy. Non-chemotherapeutic drugs, such as idelalisib and ibrutinib, also have an impact on T cell populations in CLL patients. This review will highlight what is known about T cells in CLL during disease progression and after treatment, and discuss the prospects of using T cells as predictive biomarkers for immune status and response to therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Piperidines
- Purines/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Quinazolinones/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Man
- Section of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Henley
- Section of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Petersen LE, Schuch JB, de Azeredo LA, Baptista TSA, Motta JG, do Prado AD, Bauer ME. Characterization of senescence biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis: relevance to disease progression. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:2909-2915. [PMID: 31187337 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with early senescent features. However, the effects of disease progression on senescence markers are largely unknown. Here, we evaluated key senescence markers in RA, including telomere length and T cell differentiation stages as well as cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology, previously associated with premature aging. In a cross-sectional study, 44 patients with active (Ac-RA), 26 patients with controlled (Co-RA), and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood was collected and differentiation stages of T cells analyzed by multi-color flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate the CMV serology. The telomere length was measured by multiplex quantitative PCR. Patients with Ac-RA presented lower percentage of intermediate-differentiated T cells (CD4+CD27-CD28+ and CD8+CD27-CD28+; p < 0.001). All patients had a reduced proportion of cytotoxic T cells, and higher CD4/CD8 ratio compared with controls (p < 0.001). A lower proportion of CMV IgG+ subjects was found in the Co-RA group, (P < 0.001), although no differences in the CMV IgG titers were observed between groups. The groups had similar leukocyte telomere length. In addition, age was negatively correlated with CD8+CD27+CD28+ T (early-differentiated) cells (P < 0.05). Positive correlations between CMV IgG titers and age (P < 0.05) and CD4+CD27-CD28- T (late-differentiated) cells (P < 0.01) were observed. Furthermore, disease duration was correlated with CD4+CD27+CD28+ T cells (r = - 0.318, p < 0.05) and CD4+CD27-CD28- T cells (r = 0.308, p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that CMV and age may have a similar impact on T cells in both RA patients and controls. KEY POINTS: • Patients and controls were homogenous regarding CMV IgG titers and TL. • A lower proportion of CMV IgG+ subjects was found in the Co-RA group. • Anti-CMV levels were positively correlated with age and percentage of CD4+CD27-CD28- (late-differentiated) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Petersen
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline B Schuch
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas A de Azeredo
- Graduate Program in Medical and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Talita S A Baptista
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (GNCD), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia G Motta
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Aline D do Prado
- Rheumatology Service, Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital - Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moisés Evandro Bauer
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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43
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Moss P. 'From immunosenescence to immune modulation': a re-appraisal of the role of cytomegalovirus as major regulator of human immune function. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:271-280. [PMID: 31053999 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the year 2000, cytomegalovirus was identified as a risk factor for mortality in a seminal study of octogenarian residents in Sweden. This finding triggered a wave of additional epidemiological investigations, some of which supported this association whilst others observed no such effect. In addition, this increased risk of death in CMV-seropositive people was correlated with observed changes within the T-cell repertoire such that accelerated 'immunosenescence' became a de facto explanation, without strong evidence to this effect. Recent years have seen a re-appraisal of these findings. Interestingly, many studies show that cytomegalovirus acts to improve immune function, most clearly in younger donors. In addition, the excess mortality in older people that is observed in CMV-seropositive cohorts appears to be related primarily to an excess of vascular disease rather than impairment of immune function. CMV is an important member of the natural 'virome' of Homo sapiens and has an important, and generally positive, modulatory influence on human immune function throughout most of life. However, within certain populations, this influence can become negative and age, co-morbidity and environment all act as determinants of this effect. As such, it is important that new interventions are developed that can mitigate the damaging influence of CMV on human health in populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Moss
- Haematology, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TA, UK.
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44
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Jongbloed F, Meijers RWJ, IJzermans JNM, Klaassen RA, Dollé MET, van den Berg S, Betjes MGH, de Bruin RWF, van der Harst E, Litjens NHR. Effects of bariatric surgery on telomere length and T-cell aging. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2189-2199. [PMID: 30979972 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity adversely affects health and is associated with subclinical systemic inflammation and features of accelerated aging, including the T-cell immune system. The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) may accelerate, while bariatric surgery might reverse these phenomena. To examine the effects of MetS and bariatric surgery on T-cell aging, we measured relative telomere length (RTL) and T-cell differentiation status in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS WHO II/III classified obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery were included: 41 without MetS and 67 with MetS. RTL and T-cell differentiation status were measured in circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells via flow cytometry. T-cell characteristics were compared between patients with and without MetS prior to and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery considering effects of age, cytomegalovirus-serostatus, and weight loss. RESULTS Thymic output, represented by numbers of CD31-expressing naive T cells, showed an age-related decline in patients with MetS. MetS significantly enhanced CD8+ T-cell differentiation. Patients with MetS had significant lower CD4+ RTL than patients without MetS. Within the first 6 months after bariatric surgery, RTL increased in CD4+ T cells after which it decreased at month 12. A decline in both thymic output and more differentiated T cells was seen following bariatric surgery, more pronounced in the MetS group and showing an association with percentage of body weight loss. CONCLUSIONS In obese patients, MetS results in attrition of RTL and accelerated T-cell differentiation. Bariatric surgery temporarily reverses these effects. These data suggest that MetS is a risk factor for accelerated aging of T cells and that MetS should be a more prominent factor in the decision making for eligibility for bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jongbloed
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - R W J Meijers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M E T Dollé
- Laboratory of Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - S van den Berg
- Laboratory of Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E van der Harst
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Reid BM, Coe CL, Doyle CM, Sheerar D, Slukvina A, Donzella B, Gunnar MR. Persistent skewing of the T-cell profile in adolescents adopted internationally from institutional care. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 77:168-177. [PMID: 30639443 PMCID: PMC6496945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing immune system is an adaptive system, primed by antigens, responsive to infectious pathogens, and can be affected by other aspects of the early rearing environment, including deviations from the normal provision of parental care. We investigated whether early rearing in an institutional setting, even when followed by years living in supportive and well-resourced families, would be associated with a persistent shift in T cell profiles. Immunophenotyping was used to enumerate CD4+ CD57+ and CD8+ CD57+ subsets, with gating strategies employed to differentiate naïve, central-memory, effector-memory, and terminally differentiated EM cells expressing CD45RA (TEMRA). Blood samples were collected from 96 adolescents, and PBMC isolated via Ficol gradient, followed by an optimized immunophenotypic characterization. CMV antibody titers were determined via ELISA. Adopted adolescents had lower CD4/CD8 ratios than did the control adolescents. Early rearing had a significant effect on the T cells, especially the CD8+ CD57+ CM, EM, and TEMRA cells and the CD4+ CD57+ EM cells. Adolescents who had spent their infancy in institutions before adoption were more likely to be seropositive for CMV, with higher antibody titers. CMV antibody titers were significantly correlated with the percentages of all CD8+ CD57+ cell subsets. In the statistical modeling, CMV antibody titer also completely mediated the relationship between institutional exposure and the ratio of CD4-to-CD8 cells, as well as the percentages of CD4+ CD57+ and CD8+ CD57+ subsets. These findings demonstrate that persistent immune differences are still evident even years after adoption by supportive American families. The shift in the T cells was associated with being a latent carrier of CMV and may reflect the role of specific T cell subsets in Herpes virus containment. In older adults, sustained CMV antigen persistence and immunoregulatory containment ultimately contributes to an accumulation of differentiated T cells with a decreased proliferative capacity and to immune senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brie M Reid
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Colleen M Doyle
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Dagna Sheerar
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Alla Slukvina
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Bonny Donzella
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Megan R Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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46
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Rizzo LB, Swardfager W, Maurya PK, Graiff MZ, Pedrini M, Asevedo E, Cassinelli AC, Bauer ME, Cordeiro Q, Scott J, Brietzke E, Cogo-Moreira H. An immunological age index in bipolar disorder: A confirmatory factor analysis of putative immunosenescence markers and associations with clinical characteristics. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1614. [PMID: 29691917 PMCID: PMC6877115 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims to generate an immunological age (IA) trait on the basis of immune cell differentiation parameters, and to test whether the IA is related to age and disease characteristics. METHODS Forty-four euthymic type I bipolar disorder patients were included in this study. Five immunosenescence-related parameters were assessed: proportions of late-differentiated cells (e.g., CD3+CD8+CD28-CD27- and CD3-CD19+IgD-CD27-), and the expression of CD69, CD71, and CD152 after stimulation. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to generate an IA trait underling the 5 measures. RESULTS The best-fit model was constituted by 4 parameters that were each related to an underlying IA trait, with 1 cell population positively correlated (CD3+CD8+CD28-CD27- [λ = 0.544, where λ represents the loading of the parameter onto the IA trait] and 3 markers negatively correlated (CD69 [λ = -0.488], CD71 [λ = -0.833], and CD152 [λ = -0.674]). The IA trait was associated with chronological age (β = 0.360, p = .013) and the number of previous mood episodes (β = 0.426, p = .006). In a mediation model, 84% of the effect between manic episodes, and IA was mediated by body mass index. CONCLUSION In bipolar disorder type I, premature aging of the immune system could be reliably measured using an index that validated against chronological age, which was related to adverse metabolic effects of the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmcology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, New Delhi, India
| | - Maiara Zeni Graiff
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pedrini
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Cassinelli
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Moisés E Bauer
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Scott
- Department of Academic Psychiatry, Wolfson Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience in Bipolar Disorder, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Psychiatry (Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Graduate Program), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
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Chronic Infections: A Possible Scenario for Autophagy and Senescence Cross-Talk. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100162. [PMID: 30308990 PMCID: PMC6210027 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple tissues and systems in the organism undergo modifications during aging due to an accumulation of damaged proteins, lipids, and genetic material. To counteract this process, the cells are equipped with specific mechanisms, such as autophagy and senescence. Particularly, the immune system undergoes a process called immunosenescence, giving rise to a chronic inflammatory status of the organism, with a decreased ability to counteract antigens. The obvious result of this process is a reduced defence capacity. Currently, there is evidence that some pathogens are able to accelerate the immunosenescence process for their own benefit. Although to date numerous reports show the autophagy–senescence relationship, or the connection between pathogens with autophagy or senescence, the link between the three actors remains unexplored. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge about important issues related to aging, senescence, and autophagy.
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48
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Kim K, Ahn N, Jung S, Ju Y, Lee G, Kim M, Jeong Y. Effects of Resistance Exercise and Fermented Soybean Consumption on Glucose Tolerance and Expressions of Immune Senescence-Related Myokines in Middle-Aged Obese Rats. J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:186-194. [PMID: 31089561 PMCID: PMC6504197 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is important for older adults to prevent sarcopenia, but there are not currently effective methods to maintain or improve skeletal muscle function or immune function in this population. The goal of this study was to observe the effects of a 12-week resistance exercise program with fermented soybean supplementation on glucose tolerance and myokine expression in middle-aged obese rats in regard to body composition and immune senescence. Methods Subjects were randomly assigned to four groups: control (CON), soybean (SO), resistance exercise (RE), and soybean plus resistance exercise (SR). Resistance exercise involved ladder climbing, and soybean supplementation comprised 24% of total calories from soybean protein. Obesity was induced with 6 weeks of a high-fat diet, and then the group-specific procedures were conducted for the following 12 weeks. Results There were no significant differences between the groups in regard to daily dietary intake and body weight. The SO group had significantly higher intraperitoneal fat levels compared to the CON group (P<0.05), and a significantly lower lean body mass (P<0.05). The glycemic response of the SO group and SR group showed significantly higher improvements compared to the CON group and RE group (P<0.05). The expression of myokines related to immune senescence was significantly lower in the SO group (P<0.05). Conclusion Fermented soy beans helped improve glucose tolerance when it was applied with and without resistance exercise, with a significant reduction in the expression of inflammatory factors related to immune senescence in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijin Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nayoung Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Suryun Jung
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngsik Ju
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gyuho Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Yongjin Jeong
- KMF Co., Ltd., Daegu, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Pawelec G. Does patient age influence anti-cancer immunity? Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:125-131. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Cao Dinh H, Bautmans I, Beyer I, Mets T, Onyema OO, Forti LN, Renmans W, Vander Meeren S, Jochmans K, Vermeiren S, Vella-Azzopardi R, Njemini R. Association Between Immunosenescence Phenotypes and Pre-frailty in Older Subjects: Does Cytomegalovirus Play a Role? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 74:480-488. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Cao Dinh
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Belgium
| | - Ingo Beyer
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Belgium
| | - Tony Mets
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Belgium
| | | | | | - Wim Renmans
- Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium
| | | | - Kristin Jochmans
- Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium
| | | | | | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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