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Arokia Femina T, Barghavi V, Archana K, Swethaa NG, Maddaly R. Non-uniformity in in vitro drug-induced cytotoxicity as evidenced by differences in IC 50 values - implications and way forward. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 119:107238. [PMID: 36521817 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines have proven indispensable for in vitro experiments and their utility as experimental models range from understanding the fundamental cell functioning to drug discovery. One of the most common utility of cell lines is for in vitro drug testing. Drug testing involves determining the cytotoxic effects of the drugs and such a measurement is expressed as the IC50 values of drugs. Although determination of IC50 values of drugs on cell lines is one of the most common in vitro experimental approaches, a significant amount of variations can be observed in the results obtained from such studies. Although the variations in the IC50 values of a drug on different cells lines can and should vary, the non-uniformity of such results reported from different studies using a particular drug on a specific cell line is a matter of concern. We present the IC50 values of 5 most commonly used drugs 5-fluorouracil, bleomycin, cisplatin, doxorubicin and methotrexate obtained from several in vitro cell line-based studies. Some of the factors which contribute to the non-uniformity of the IC50 values for a particular drug from different studies are discussed as three types of factors, the biological, non-biological and human factors. Also, ways in which such variations can be reduced to obtain universally common, reliable results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arokia Femina
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - V Barghavi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - K Archana
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - N G Swethaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Ravi Maddaly
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India.
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2
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Sampiron EG, Costacurta GF, Calsavara LL, Baldin VP, Silva GVD, Alves Olher VG, Ferraretto LH, Caleffi-Ferraciolli KR, Cardoso RF, Siqueira VLD, Vandresen F, Scodro RBDL. In Vitro and In Silico Evaluations of Anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Activity of Benzohydrazones Compounds. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1564-1577. [PMID: 33913749 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with high mortality rates and an extended treatment that causes severe adverse effects, besides the emergence of resistant bacteria. Therefore, the search for new compounds with anti-M. tuberculosis activity has considerably increased in recent years. In this context, benzohydrazones are significant compounds that have antifungal and antibacterial action. This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro activity of 18 benzohydrazones against M. tuberculosis. Compounds' cytotoxicity, inhibition of M. tuberculosis efflux pumps, and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) assays were also performed. In general, the minimum inhibitory concentration values for the standard M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain ranged from 7.8 to 250 μg/mL, and some compounds were not toxic to any of the cells tested (IC50 ranged from 18.0 to 302.5 μg/mL). In addition, compounds (4) and (7) showed to be possible efflux pump inhibitors. In ADMET assays, all benzohydrazones had high gastrointestinal absorption. Most of the compounds were able to overcome the blood-brain barrier, and no compounds had irritant or tumorigenic effects. Compounds (1), (3), (9), (12), and (15) stood out for showing good activities, both in vitro and in silico assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Gibin Sampiron
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Leonora Lacerda Calsavara
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pietrowski Baldin
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Vaz da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferraciolli
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Fábio Vandresen
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technologic University of Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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3
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Perrucini PDDO, Oliveira RFD, Medeiros FBPD, Bertin LD, Pires-Oliveira DADA, Frederico RCP. Ultrasonic therapy modulates the expression of genes related to neovascularization and inflammation in fibroblasts. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fm.2021.34112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: In the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries, ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice. Objective: To evaluate the effects of pulsed ultrasonic therapy on the viability and modulation of genes involved in inflammation (IL-6) and neovascularization (VEGF) processes of L929 fibroblast cells. Methods: For irradiation with ultrasound the cells were subdivided into groups: G1 (without irradiation), G2 (0.3 W/cm2-20%) and G3 (0.6 W/cm2-20%), with periods of treatment at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The cell viability assay was analyzed by the MTT method and gene modulation was analyzed by RT-qPCR method. Results: After the comparative analysis between groups, only G2 and G3 (48-hour) presented statistically significant differences in relation to the control. In relation to the gene expression, the selection of the groups analyzed was delimited according to the comparative analysis of the values obtained by the MTT test. After the achievement of RT-qPCR, it could be observed that in G2 the amount of VEGF gene transcripts increased by 1.125-fold compared to endogenous controls, and increased 1.388-fold in G3. The IL-6 gene, on the other hand, had its transcripts reduced in both G2 (5.64x10-9) and G3 (1.91x10-6). Conclusion: Pulsed ultrasound in L929 fibroblasts showed a significant biostimulatory effect in the 48-hour period, with increased cell viability, and the same effect in the modulation of gene expression related the neovascularization and inflammation, mediating the acceleration of the tissue repair cascade.
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4
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Anonye BO, Nweke V, Furner-Pardoe J, Gabrilska R, Rafiq A, Ukachukwu F, Bruce J, Lee C, Unnikrishnan M, Rumbaugh KP, Snyder LAS, Harrison F. The safety profile of Bald's eyesalve for the treatment of bacterial infections. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17513. [PMID: 33060666 PMCID: PMC7562736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistance has prompted the development of alternatives to combat bacterial infections. Bald's eyesalve, a remedy used in the Early Medieval period, has previously been shown to have efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus in in vitro and in vivo models of chronic wounds. However, the safety profile of Bald's eyesalve has not yet been demonstrated, and this is vital before testing in humans. Here, we determined the safety potential of Bald's eyesalve using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models representative of skin or eye infections. We also confirmed that Bald's eyesalve is active against an important eye pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Low levels of cytotoxicity were observed in eyesalve-treated cell lines representative of skin and immune cells. Results from a bovine corneal opacity and permeability test demonstrated slight irritation to the cornea that resolved within 10 min. The slug mucosal irritation assay revealed that a low level of mucus was secreted by slugs indicating moderate mucosal irritation. We obtained promising results from mouse wound closure experiments; no visible signs of irritation or inflammation were observed. Our results suggest that Bald's eyesalve could be tested further on human volunteers to assess safety for topical application against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing O Anonye
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. .,School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Valentine Nweke
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Jessica Furner-Pardoe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rebecca Gabrilska
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Afshan Rafiq
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Faith Ukachukwu
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Julie Bruce
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Christina Lee
- School of English and Centre for the Study of the Viking Age, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Meera Unnikrishnan
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kendra P Rumbaugh
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Lori A S Snyder
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Freya Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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5
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Kang HM, Lim JH, Noh KH, Park D, Cho HS, Susztak K, Jung CR. Effective reconstruction of functional organotypic kidney spheroid for in vitro nephrotoxicity studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17610. [PMID: 31772214 PMCID: PMC6879515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable and reproducible kidney cellular models could accelerate our understanding of diseases, help therapeutics development, and improve nephrotoxicity screenings. Generation of a reproducible in vitro kidney models has been challenging owing to the cellular heterogeneity and structural complexity of the kidney. We generated mixed immortalized cell lines that stably maintained their characteristic expression of renal epithelial progenitor markers for the different lineages of kidney cellular compartments via the BMP7 signaling pathway from a mouse and a human whole kidney. These cells were used to generate functional and matured kidney spheroids containing multiple renal lineages, such as the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubules, and podocytes, using extracellular matrix and physiological force, named spheroid-forming unit (SFU). They expressed all apical and basolateral transporters that are important for drug metabolism and displayed key functional aspects of the proximal tubule, including protein endocytosis and increased gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, and cyclic AMP responded to external cues, such as parathyroid hormone. Following exposure, cells fluxed and took up drugs via proximal tubule-specific apical or basolateral transporters, and displayed increased cell death and expression of renal injury marker. Here, we developed a new differentiation method to generate kidney spheroids that structurally recapitulate important features of the kidney effectively and reproducibly using mixed immortalized renal cells, and showed their application for renal toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Mi Kang
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling and Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Lim
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling and Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Noh
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling and Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Park
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling and Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling and Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Li Z, Jiang L, Zhu Y, Su W, Xu C, Tao T, Shi Y, Qin J. Assessment of hepatic metabolism-dependent nephrotoxicity on an organs-on-a-chip microdevice. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 46:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Liedtke KR, Bekeschus S, Kaeding A, Hackbarth C, Kuehn JP, Heidecke CD, von Bernstorff W, von Woedtke T, Partecke LI. Non-thermal plasma-treated solution demonstrates antitumor activity against pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8319. [PMID: 28814809 PMCID: PMC5559449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is associated with a high mortality rate. In advanced stage, patients often experience peritoneal carcinomatosis. Using a syngeneic murine pancreatic cancer cell tumor model, the effect of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on peritoneal metastatic lesions was studied. NTP generates reactive species of several kinds which have been proven to be of relevance in cancer. In vitro, exposure to both plasma and plasma-treated solution significantly decreased cell viability and proliferation of 6606PDA cancer cells, whereas mouse fibroblasts were less affected. Repeated intraperitoneal treatment of NTP-conditioned medium decreased tumor growth in vivo as determined by magnetic resonance imaging, leading to reduced tumor mass and improved median survival (61 vs 52 days; p < 0.024). Tumor nodes treated by NTP-conditioned medium demonstrated large areas of apoptosis with strongly inhibited cell proliferation. Contemporaneously, no systemic effects were found. Apoptosis was neither present in the liver nor in the gut. Also, the concentration of different cytokines in splenocytes or blood plasma as well as the distribution of various hematological parameters remained unchanged following treatment with NTP-conditioned medium. These results suggest an anticancer role of NTP-treated solutions with little to no systemic side effects being present, making NTP-treated solutions a potential complementary therapeutic option for advanced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Rouven Liedtke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - André Kaeding
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Hackbarth
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kuehn
- Department of Experimental Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Heidecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfram von Bernstorff
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars Ivo Partecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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8
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Du B, Dai XM, Li S, Qi GL, Cao GX, Zhong Y, Yin PD, Yang XS. MiR-30c regulates cisplatin-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by targeting Bnip3L and Hspa5. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2987. [PMID: 28796263 PMCID: PMC5596565 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a common anticancer drug, cisplatin has been widely used for treating tumors in the clinic. However, its side effects, especially its nephrotoxicity, noticeably restrict the application of cisplatin. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the mechanism of renal injury and explore the corresponding remedies. In this study, we showed the phenotypes of the renal tubules and epithelial cell death as well as elevated cleaved-caspase3- and TUNEL-positive cells in rats intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin. Similar cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis was found in HK-2 and NRK-52E cells exposed to cisplatin as well. In both models of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, quantitative PCR data displayed reductions in miR-30a-e expression levels, indicating that miR-30 might be involved in regulating cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis. This was further confirmed when the effects of cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis were found to be closely correlated with alterations in miR-30c expression, which were manipulated by transfection of either the miR-30c mimic or miR-30c inhibitor in HK-2 and NRK-52E cells. Using bioinformatics tools, including TargetScan and a gene expression database (Gene Expression Omnibus), Adrb1, Bnip3L, Hspa5 and MAP3K12 were predicted to be putative target genes of miR-30c in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Subsequently, Bnip3L and Hspa5 were confirmed to be the target genes after determining the expression of these putative genes following manipulation of miR-30c expression levels in HK-2 cells. Taken together, our current experiments reveal that miR-30c is certainly involved in regulating the renal tubular cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin, which might supply a new strategy to minimize cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Dai
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guo-Long Qi
- Division of Medical Informatics, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guang-Xu Cao
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pei-di Yin
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue-Song Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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9
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Figueiró LR, Comerlato LC, Da Silva MV, Zuanazzi JÂS, Von Poser GL, Ziulkoski AL. Toxicity of Glandularia selloi (Spreng.) Tronc. leave extract by MTT and neutral red assays: influence of the test medium procedure. Interdiscip Toxicol 2017; 9:25-29. [PMID: 28652844 PMCID: PMC5458111 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity assays using cell cultures may be an alternative to assess biological toxicity of plant extracts with potential phytotherapeutic properties. This study compared three methods to prepare culture media for the exposure of Vero cells to plant extracts. Leaves of Glandularia selloi (Spreng.) Tronc. were used to prepare culture medium with aqueous extract, extract in culture medium and methanol extract. Toxicity was assessed using the MTT and neutral red (NR) assays. In general, alterations in the cellular functions were found in all extracts and assays. Cytotoxic effect occurred at lower doses in aqueous extract and the range of effect of the methanol extract was small. The procedure of preparing the test medium has an effect on the outcome of the assay. Cytotoxicity of plant extract can be assessed by MTT and NR assays. Aqueous extract added to the culture medium presented the best profile to assess cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Rizzieri Figueiró
- Cytotoxicity Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo - RS, Brasil
| | - Luana Christine Comerlato
- Graduate Studies Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia Vignoli Da Silva
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Health Sciences Federal University of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gilsane Lino Von Poser
- Farmagnosys Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ziulkoski
- Cytotoxicity Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo - RS, Brasil
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10
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Li Z, Su W, Zhu Y, Tao T, Li D, Peng X, Qin J. Drug absorption related nephrotoxicity assessment on an intestine-kidney chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:034114. [PMID: 28652884 PMCID: PMC5453794 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug absorption in the intestine is tightly related to drug-induced nephrotoxicity, which is a relatively common side effect in clinical practice. It highlights a great need to develop predictive models with high accuracy in the early stage during new drug discovery and development. Herein, we presented a novel intestine-kidney chip, which recapitulated drug absorption in the intestine and its resultant drug toxicity on the kidney. This work aims to provide an integrated tool for accurate assessment of drug absorption-related nephrotoxicity in vitro. A microfluidic device with multi-interfaces was designed, which facilitated the co-culture of the intestinal and glomerular endothelial cells in compartmentalized micro-chambers. Thus, drug absorption and following nephrotoxicity could be explored in a single assay based on the formation of the intact intestine function on the chip. Specifically, we adopt digoxin (DIG) as a model drug combined with colestyramine (COL) or Verapamil (VER), which significantly influence DIG absorption in the intestine. Different degrees of nephrotoxicity under drug combinations were further observed on the chip, including cell apoptosis, cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. These features were consistent with the variance of DIG absorption by the intestinal cells. In agreement with clinical observations, our data demonstrated that DIG-induced nephrotoxicity was enhanced combined with VER but weakened with COL. All of these findings suggest that the established microdevice might provide a useful and cost-effective platform in vitro for testing drug absorption and nephrotoxicity in preclinical trials during new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wentao Su
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | | | - Tingting Tao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dong Li
- Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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11
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Bouchemi M, Roubeix C, Kessal K, Riancho L, Raveu AL, Soualmia H, Baudouin C, Brignole-Baudouin F. Effect of benzalkonium chloride on trabecular meshwork cells in a new in vitro 3D trabecular meshwork model for glaucoma. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 41:21-29. [PMID: 28214551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate a new culture model of primary human trabecular meshwork cells (p-hTMCs) using Matrigel®, in order to mimic in vitro 3D-TM organization, and to investigate the proinflammatory effect of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) in 3D p-hTMC cultures. METHODS p-hTMCs, seeded onto Matrigel®-coated inserts were stimulated with BAK (10-4%), dexamethasone (DEX) (10-6M) or transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) (5ng/ml) for 48h and observed with confocal microscopy. The BAK effect at 10-4% or 5.10-3% on the gene expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) was investigated using qRT-PCR in 2D and 3D p-hTMC cultures. RESULTS p-hTMCs seeded in Matrigel® were able to organize themselves in a 3D-spatial conformation in the different conditions tested with cross-linked actin network (CLAN) formation in presence of DEX or TGF-β2 and intercellular space contraction with TGF-β2. IL-6 and IL-8 gene expressions increased in presence of BAK in 2D and in 3D p-hTMC cultures. BAK 10-4% only showed a tendency to stimulate MMP-9 expression in p-hTMCs after 24h-recovery. CONCLUSIONS We investigated this new 3D-TM in vitro model in Matrigel® matrix for pathophysiological and toxicological purposes. It appears as a new promising tool for a better understanding of TM behavior in physiological and stress conditions, as well as toxicological evaluations of antiglaucoma eyedrops and preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Bouchemi
- Research Laboratory LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Christophe Roubeix
- INSERM, U968, Paris F-75012, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Karima Kessal
- INSERM, U968, Paris F-75012, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Luisa Riancho
- INSERM, U968, Paris F-75012, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Anne-Laure Raveu
- INSERM, U968, Paris F-75012, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Hayet Soualmia
- Research Laboratory LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; El Manar University, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- INSERM, U968, Paris F-75012, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS, CIC 503, Paris F-75012, France; Hop Ambroise Pare, AP HP, Dept Ophthalmology, F-92100 Boulogne, France; Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, F-78180 Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- INSERM, U968, Paris F-75012, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS, CIC 503, Paris F-75012, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75006, France; Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 17 F-75006, France
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12
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Chen Y, Chen S, Pan T, Zou X. Edge effect detection for real-time cellular analyzer using statistical analysis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Smirnov test is used to detect the edge effect, which can help technicians rapidly screen valid time-dependent cellular response curves (TCRCs) in the real time cellular analyzers (RTCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Shan Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Tianhong Pan
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
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13
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Evaluation of "Dream Herb," Calea zacatechichi, for Nephrotoxicity Using Human Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells. J Toxicol 2016; 2016:9794570. [PMID: 27703475 PMCID: PMC5040790 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9794570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent surge in the use of dietary supplements, including herbal remedies, necessitates investigations into their safety profiles. “Dream herb,” Calea zacatechichi, has long been used in traditional folk medicine for a variety of purposes and is currently being marketed in the US for medicinal purposes, including diabetes treatment. Despite the inherent vulnerability of the renal system to xenobiotic toxicity, there is a lack of safety studies on the nephrotoxic potential of this herb. Additionally, the high frequency of diabetes-associated kidney disease makes safety screening of C. zacatechichi for safety especially important. We exposed human proximal tubule HK-2 cells to increasing doses of this herb alongside known toxicant and protectant control compounds to examine potential toxicity effects of C. zacatechichi relative to control compounds. We evaluated both cellular and mitochondrial functional changes related to toxicity of this dietary supplement and found that even at low doses evidence of cellular toxicity was significant. Moreover, these findings correlated with significantly elevated levels of nephrotoxicity biomarkers, lending further support for the need to further scrutinize the safety of this herbal dietary supplement.
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14
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Breznan D, Karthikeyan S, Phaneuf M, Kumarathasan P, Cakmak S, Denison MS, Brook JR, Vincent R. Development of an integrated approach for comparison of in vitro and in vivo responses to particulate matter. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:41. [PMID: 27520027 PMCID: PMC4983025 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Association of particulate matter with adverse health effects has been established in epidemiological studies and animal experiments. Epidemiological studies are difficult to undertake while animal studies are impractical for high-throughput toxicity testing. The ease and rapidity of in vitro tests emphasizes their potential for use in risk assessment of chemicals and particles. We examined the association between in vitro and in vivo responses to ambient particles, to determine the potential of cell-based assays as standalone toxicity screening tools. Methods Assays of cytotoxicity and key inflammatory mediators were applied to determine the in vitro biological potency of a panel of urban and mineral particles in J774A.1 macrophages and A549 lung epithelial cells. The particles were also screened for the presence of AhR agonists using the Ah receptor-dependent gene induction assay and for endotoxin using the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. A subset of the particles with a contrasting in vitro toxicity profile was delivered intratracheally in BALB/c mice to assess their in vivo biological potency. Results from various bioassays were combined within the in vitro and in vivo models. The combined potency measures were examined for associations. Results Overall, J774A.1 cells were more sensitive to particle effects than A549 cells. Whereas the combined cytotoxicity estimates were highly correlated between the two cell lines, the combined in vitro inflammatory potency estimates were not, emphasizing functional differences of the two cell types. Secretion of inflammatory markers by J774A.1 cells was correlated with AhR ligand binding profile and endotoxin levels of particles. Particle instillation led to an acute toxicity response in BALB/c mice, with neutrophilia and release of inflammatory mediators. While the combined toxicity estimates were not correlated between in vitro and in vivo models, the combined inflammatory and integrated potency estimates (toxicity and inflammation) approached the threshold for significance (p = 0.052) in a correlation within in vitro and in vivo models, with a ranking of fine particle (DWR1), minerals (TiO2, CRI) and coarse particles (SRM-, EHC-type) from low to high potency. Conclusion Integration of in vitro endpoints shows promise in determining adverse outcomes of particle exposures in vivo. The devised data reduction and computational approach will prove useful in the development of models for assessment of hazard potential of particles; however, distinct models may be needed for particles of different type, such as urban particles vs. mineral particles, nanomaterials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0152-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Breznan
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Hazard Identification Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Subramanian Karthikeyan
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Hazard Identification Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marcelle Phaneuf
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Hazard Identification Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Prem Kumarathasan
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Mechanistic Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sabit Cakmak
- Air Health Effects Research, Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Processes Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Renaud Vincent
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Hazard Identification Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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15
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Figueiró LR, Dantas DCM, Linden R, Ziulkoski AL. Thirdhand tobacco smoke: procedures to evaluate cytotoxicity in cell cultures. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:355-61. [PMID: 27268319 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1188190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The risks associated to tobacco smoking are not ceased with smoke extinction. Many toxic compounds remain in the environment after the cigarette is extinguished and accumulated in the air or on surfaces. However, little is known about the risks of this exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate procedures to collect thirdhand smoke (THS) and prepare the samples to perform three in vitro toxicity tests. Cellulose papers and cotton wipes were used to impregnate with nicotine solution and smoke cigarette in a chamber or in smoker's home. Samples were immersed in methanol or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) to expose Hep-2 cells. MTT, neutral red uptake (NRU) and trypan blue assays were performed. The concentration of nicotine in DMEM extract of THS in paper and cotton was similar to those in methanol extract (p > 0.05). Alterations in the mitochondrial and lysosomal functions were found in both paper and cotton samples; however, the cytotoxic effect was not always observed. There was a decrease of 21-31% in MTT assay and 38-56% in NRU assay (p < 0.003). There was a dose-response relationship between the amount of cigarettes and lysosomal viability; the correlation was higher for cotton samples (r = -0.843, p < 0.001). As a dose-response relationship was found only in NRU assay, this test may be a more suitable choice rather than the MTT assay. Paper and wipe sampling can be reliable markers of tobacco smoke contamination. Moreover, these materials, if properly prepared, can be used as substrate providers to perform cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Rizzieri Figueiró
- a Graduate Program in Pathology , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Linden
- c Toxicology Laboratory , Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University , Novo Hamburgo , RS , Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ziulkoski
- d Cytotoxicity Laboratory , Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University , Novo Hamburgo , RS , Brazil
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16
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Ding J, Lu G, Li Y. Interactive effects of selected pharmaceutical mixtures on bioaccumulation and biochemical status in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 148:21-31. [PMID: 26800487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of fluoxetine (FLU), roxithromycin (ROX) and propranolol (PRP) on the bioaccumulation and biochemical responses in the crucian carp Carassius auratus. After 7 days of binary exposure (ROX + FLU and PRP + FLU), the addition of waterborne FLU at nominal concentrations of 4, 20 and 100 μg L(-1) significantly increased the accumulation of ROX and PRP in fish livers in most cases, although elevated ROX and PRP bioaccumulation levels were not observed in muscles or gills. The inductive response of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) to PRP and that of 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin O-dibenzyloxylase (BFCOD) to ROX were inhibited by the co-administration of FLU at all tested concentrations. Correspondingly, marked inhibition of CYP1A and CYP3A mRNA expression levels was observed in the livers of fish co-treated with FLU + PRP and FLU + ROX relative to their PRP- and ROX-only counterparts, respectively. In addition, as reflected by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, co-exposure to ROX + FLU and PRP + FLU seemed to induce stronger antioxidant responses than single pharmaceutical exposure in fish livers. This work indicated that the interactive effects of pharmaceutical mixtures could lead to perturbations in the bioaccumulation and biochemical responses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Ding
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Ding J, Lu G, Liu J, Zhang Z. Evaluation of the potential for trophic transfer of roxithromycin along an experimental food chain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10592-600. [PMID: 25739841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been recognized as a new class of environmental pollutants in recent years. But data about their potential for transfer and biomagnification in aquatic food chains are still lacking. In this study, bioaccumulation of the macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin (ROX) was determined in an experimental aquatic food chain involving the green algae Scenedesmus obliquus, the water flea Daphnia magna and the crucian carp Carassius auratus. After 48 h of exposure, S. obliquus accumulated ROX from media, with bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of 74.6, 46.3, and 24.5 l kg(-1) at nominal exposure concentrations of 4, 20, and 100 μg l(-1), respectively. After 48 h of feeding ROX-contaminated algae, D. magna was able to accumulate ROX in all three concentration treatments, but biomagnification did not occur at this trophic level, as biomagnification factors (BMFs) varied from 0.21 to 0.29 in different concentration treatments were well below one. In tissues (muscle, gill, liver, and bile) of C. auratus fed with contaminated daphnia for 8 days, no biomagnification was observed. However, this species did accumulate a certain degree of ROX through food chain transfer, and the tissue burden was greatest in the liver > muscle > gill and lowest in the bile. This work suggests that the trophic transfer should be a matter of concern for ecological risk assessments of pharmaceutical substances in aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Ding
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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18
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Wegener J. Cell-Based Microarrays for In Vitro Toxicology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:335-358. [PMID: 26077916 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA/RNA and protein microarrays have proven their outstanding bioanalytical performance throughout the past decades, given the unprecedented level of parallelization by which molecular recognition assays can be performed and analyzed. Cell microarrays (CMAs) make use of similar construction principles. They are applied to profile a given cell population with respect to the expression of specific molecular markers and also to measure functional cell responses to drugs and chemicals. This review focuses on the use of cell-based microarrays for assessing the cytotoxicity of drugs, toxins, or chemicals in general. It also summarizes CMA construction principles with respect to the cell types that are used for such microarrays, the readout parameters to assess toxicity, and the various formats that have been established and applied. The review ends with a critical comparison of CMAs and well-established microtiter plate (MTP) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Wegener
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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19
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Calloni C, Agnol RD, Martínez LS, de Siqueira Marcon F, Moura S, Salvador M. Jaboticaba (Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel) fruit reduces oxidative stress in human fibroblasts cells (MRC-5). Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Kaisarevic S, Dakic V, Hrubik J, Glisic B, Lübcke-von Varel U, Pogrmic-Majkic K, Fa S, Teodorovic I, Brack W, Kovacevic R. Differential expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells exposed to TCDD and PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:358-368. [PMID: 25555259 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rat hepatoma cells H4IIE were treated by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene), low-concentration mixtures of PAHs and TCDD, and environmental mixtures contaminated by PAHs and their derivatives. Expression of the gene battery comprising cytochrome P450 Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1, and glutathione-s-transferase Gsta2 and Gstp was investigated using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The results revealed that TCDD induce Cyp1a1>Cyp1a2>Cyp1b1, while PAHs and PAH-containing environmental mixtures induce Cyp1a2>Cyp1a1>Cyp1b1 gene expression pattern. While low-concentration mixtures elicited a more pronounced response in comparison to single treatments, the typical gene expression patterns were not observed. In all samples, Gsta2 was predominantly expressed relative to Gstp. These findings indicate that differential Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 expression in the H4IIE cells might be used for detection of PAHs in highly contaminated environmental mixtures, but not in low-concentration mixtures of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kaisarevic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Vanja Dakic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Hrubik
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Glisic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Urte Lübcke-von Varel
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristina Pogrmic-Majkic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Fa
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Teodorovic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Radmila Kovacevic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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21
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Martignago CCS, Oliveira RF, Pires-Oliveira DAA, Oliveira PD, Pacheco Soares C, Monzani PS, Poli-Frederico RC. Effect of low-level laser therapy on the gene expression of collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor in a culture of fibroblast cells in mice. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:203-8. [PMID: 25171833 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy treatment (LLLT) is widely used in rehabilitation clinics with the aim of accelerating the process of tissue repair; however, the molecular bases of the effect of LLLT have not been fully established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the exposure of different doses of LLLT on the expression of collagen genes type I alpha 1 (COL1α1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the fibroblast cells of mice (L929) cultivated in vitro. Fibroblast cells were irradiated with a Gallium-Arsenide laser (904 nm) every 24 h for 2 consecutive days, stored in an oven at 37 °C, with 5% CO2 and divided into 3 groups: G1-control group, G2-irradiated at 2 J/cm(2), and G3-irradiated at 3 J/cm(2). After irradiation, the total RNA was extracted and used in the complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis. The gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cells irradiated in G2 exhibited a statistically significant growth of 1.78 in the expression of the messenger RNA (mRNA) of the COL1α1 gene (p = 0.036) in comparison with G1 and G3. As for the VEGF gene, an increase in expression was observed in the two irradiated groups in comparison with the control group. There was an increase in expression in G2 of 2.054 and G3 of 2.562 (p = 0.037) for this gene. LLLT (904 nm) had an influence on the expression of the genes COL1α1 (2 J/cm(2)) and VEGF (2 e 3 J/cm(2)) in a culture of the fibroblast cells of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C S Martignago
- Rehabilitation Science, North Paraná University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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22
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Jang KJ, Mehr AP, Hamilton GA, McPartlin LA, Chung S, Suh KY, Ingber DE. Human kidney proximal tubule-on-a-chip for drug transport and nephrotoxicity assessment. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 5:1119-29. [PMID: 23644926 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40049b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney toxicity is one of the most frequent adverse events reported during drug development. The lack of accurate predictive cell culture models and the unreliability of animal studies have created a need for better approaches to recapitulate kidney function in vitro. Here, we describe a microfluidic device lined by living human kidney epithelial cells exposed to fluidic flow that mimics key functions of the human kidney proximal tubule. Primary kidney epithelial cells isolated from human proximal tubule are cultured on the upper surface of an extracellular matrix-coated, porous, polyester membrane that splits the main channel of the device into two adjacent channels, thereby creating an apical 'luminal' channel and a basal 'interstitial' space. Exposure of the epithelial monolayer to an apical fluid shear stress (0.2 dyne cm(-2)) that mimics that found in living kidney tubules results in enhanced epithelial cell polarization and primary cilia formation compared to traditional Transwell culture systems. The cells also exhibited significantly greater albumin transport, glucose reabsorption, and brush border alkaline phosphatase activity. Importantly, cisplatin toxicity and Pgp efflux transporter activity measured on-chip more closely mimic the in vivo responses than results obtained with cells maintained under conventional culture conditions. While past studies have analyzed kidney tubular cells cultured under flow conditions in vitro, this is the first report of a toxicity study using primary human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells in a microfluidic 'organ-on-a-chip' microdevice. The in vivo-like pathophysiology observed in this system suggests that it might serve as a useful tool for evaluating human-relevant renal toxicity in preclinical safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jin Jang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, CLSB Bldg. 5th floor, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Roth A, Singer T. The application of 3D cell models to support drug safety assessment: opportunities & challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:179-89. [PMID: 24378580 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The selection of drug candidates early in development has become increasingly important to minimize the use of animals and to avoid costly failures of drugs later in development. In vitro systems to predict and assess organ toxicity have so far been of limited value due to difficulties in demonstrating in vivo-relevant toxicity at a cell culture level. To overcome the limitations of single-cell type monolayer cultures and short-lived primary cell preparations, researchers have created novel 3-dimensional culture systems which appear to more closely resemble in vivo biology. These could become a key for the pharmaceutical industry in the evaluation of drug candidates. However, the value and acceptance of those new models in standard drug safety applications have yet to be demonstrated. This review aims to provide an overview of the different approaches undertaken in the field of pre-clinical safety assessment, organ toxicity, in particular, with an emphasis on examples and technical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Roth
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharma Research, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Singer
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharma Research, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Cheli F, Fusi E, Baldi A. Cell-based models for mycotoxin screening and toxicity evaluation: an update. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the applications of cell-based models in mycotoxin research, with a focus on models for mycotoxin screening and cytotoxicity evaluation. Various cell-based models, cell and cell culture condition related factors, toxicity endpoints and culture systems as well as predictive value of cell-based bioassays are reviewed. Advantages, drawbacks and technical problems regarding set up and validation of consistent, robust, reproducible and high-throughput cell-based models are discussed. Various cell-based models have been developed and used as screening tests for mycotoxins but the data obtained are difficult to compare. However, the results highlight the potential of cell-based models as promising in vitro platforms for the initial screening and cytotoxicity evaluation of mycotoxins and as a significant analytical approach in mycotoxin research before any animal or human clinical studies. To develop cell-based models as powerful high-throughput laboratory platforms for the analysis of large numbers of samples, there are mainly two fundamental requirements that should be met, i.e. the availability of easy-to-use and, if possible, automated cell platforms and the possibility to obtain reproducible results that are comparable between laboratories. The transition from a research model to a test model still needs optimisation, standardisation, and validation of analytical protocols. The validation of a cell-based bioassay is a complex process, as several critical points, such as the choice of the cellular model, the assay procedures, and the appropriate use and interpretation of the results, must be strictly defined to ensure more consistency in the results. The development of cell-based models exploring the third dimension together with automation and miniaturisation will bring cellular platforms to a level appropriate for cost-effective and large-scale analysis in the field of mycotoxin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Cheli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Fusi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Baldi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy
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25
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Sohn SJ, Kim SY, Kim HS, Chun YJ, Han SY, Kim SH, Moon A. In vitro evaluation of biomarkers for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity using HK-2 human kidney epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 217:235-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Schug T, Abagyan R, Blumberg B, Collins T, Crews D, DeFur P, Dickerson S, Edwards T, Gore A, Guillette L, Hayes T, Heindel J, Moores A, Patisaul H, Tal T, Thayer K, Vandenberg L, Warner J, Watson C, Saal FV, Zoeller R, O’Brien K, Myers J. Designing Endocrine Disruption Out of the Next Generation of Chemicals. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2013; 15:181-198. [PMID: 25110461 PMCID: PMC4125359 DOI: 10.1039/c2gc35055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A central goal of green chemistry is to avoid hazard in the design of new chemicals. This objective is best achieved when information about a chemical's potential hazardous effects is obtained as early in the design process as feasible. Endocrine disruption is a type of hazard that to date has been inadequately addressed by both industrial and regulatory science. To aid chemists in avoiding this hazard, we propose an endocrine disruption testing protocol for use by chemists in the design of new chemicals. The Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption (TiPED) has been created under the oversight of a scientific advisory committee composed of leading representatives from both green chemistry and the environmental health sciences. TiPED is conceived as a tool for new chemical design, thus it starts with a chemist theoretically at "the drawing board." It consists of five testing tiers ranging from broad in silico evaluation up through specific cell- and whole organism-based assays. To be effective at detecting endocrine disruption, a testing protocol must be able to measure potential hormone-like or hormone-inhibiting effects of chemicals, as well as the many possible interactions and signaling sequellae such chemicals may have with cell-based receptors. Accordingly, we have designed this protocol to broadly interrogate the endocrine system. The proposed protocol will not detect all possible mechanisms of endocrine disruption, because scientific understanding of these phenomena is advancing rapidly. To ensure that the protocol remains current, we have established a plan for incorporating new assays into the protocol as the science advances. In this paper we present the principles that should guide the science of testing new chemicals for endocrine disruption, as well as principles by which to evaluate individual assays for applicability, and laboratories for reliability. In a 'proof-of-principle' test, we ran 6 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that act via different endocrinological mechanisms through the protocol using published literature. Each was identified as endocrine active by one or more tiers. We believe that this voluntary testing protocol will be a dynamic tool to facilitate efficient and early identification of potentially problematic chemicals, while ultimately reducing the risks to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.T Schug
- Corresponding authors: T.T. Schug, . K.P. O’Brien, . J.P. Myers,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K.P. O’Brien
- Corresponding authors: T.T. Schug, . K.P. O’Brien, . J.P. Myers,
| | - J.P. Myers
- Corresponding authors: T.T. Schug, . K.P. O’Brien, . J.P. Myers,
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Baron MG, Purcell WM, Jackson SK, Owen SF, Jha AN. Towards a more representative in vitro method for fish ecotoxicology: morphological and biochemical characterisation of three-dimensional spheroidal hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:2419-2429. [PMID: 22732941 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of fish primary cells and cell lines offer an in vitro alternative for assessment of chemical toxicity and the evaluation of environmental samples in ecotoxicology. However, their uses are not without limitations such as short culture periods and loss of functionality, particularly with primary tissue. While three-dimensional (spheroid) technology is now established for in vitro mammalian toxicity studies, to date it has not been considered for environmental applications in a model aquatic species. In this study we report development of a reproducible six-well plate, gyratory-mediated method for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocyte spheroid culture and compare their functional and biochemical status with two-dimensional (2D) monolayer hepatocytes. Primary liver spheroid formation was divided into two stages, immature (1-5 days) and mature (≥6 days) according to size, shape and changes in functional and biochemical parameters (protein, glucose, albumin and lactate dehydrogenase). Mature spheroids retained the morphological characteristics (smooth outer surface, tight cell-cell contacts) previously described for mammalian spheroids as demonstrated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Glucose production and albumin synthesis were significantly higher in mature spheroids when compared to conventional 2D monolayer cultures (P < 0.01) and increased as spheroids matured (P < 0.01). Basal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage significantly decreased during spheroid formation and was significantly lower than 2D cultures (P < 0.01). It is therefore suggested that mature spheroids can maintain a high degree of functional, biochemical and morphological status over-time in culture that is superior to conventional 2D models and can provide realistic organotypic responses in vitro. Trout spheroids that take ~6-8 days to reach maturity would be suitable for use in acute toxicological tests and since it is possible to culture individual spheroids for over a month, there is potential for this work to lead towards in vitro bioaccumulation alternatives and to conduct high throughput screens of chronic exposure. This is an important step forward for developing alternative in vitro tools in future fish ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Baron
- School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
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28
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In vitro cytotoxicity and morphological assessment of smoke from polymer combustion in human lung derived cells (A549). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2012; 215:320-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Medium to High Throughput Screening: Microfabrication and Chip-Based Technology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 745:181-209. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3055-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Love SA, Maurer-Jones MA, Thompson JW, Lin YS, Haynes CL. Assessing nanoparticle toxicity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2012; 5:181-205. [PMID: 22524221 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle toxicology, an emergent field, works toward establishing the hazard of nanoparticles, and therefore their potential risk, in light of the increased use and likelihood of exposure. Analytical chemists can provide an essential tool kit for the advancement of this field by exploiting expertise in sample complexity and preparation as well as method and technology development. Herein, we discuss experimental considerations for performing in vitro nanoparticle toxicity studies, with a focus on nanoparticle characterization, relevant model cell systems, and toxicity assay choices. Additionally, we present three case studies (of silver, titanium dioxide, and carbon nanotube toxicity) to highlight the important toxicological considerations of these commonly used nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Love
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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31
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Llabjani V, Crosse JD, Ahmadzai AA, Patel II, Pang W, Trevisan J, Jones KC, Shore RF, Martin FL. Differential effects in mammalian cells induced by chemical mixtures in environmental biota as profiled using infrared spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:10706-10712. [PMID: 22039864 DOI: 10.1021/es202574b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants accumulate in many organisms and induce a number of adverse effects. As contaminants mostly occur in the environment as mixtures, it remains to be fully understood which chemical interactions induce the most important toxic responses. In this study, we set out to determine the effects of chemical contaminants extracted from Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus) eggs (collected from the UK coast from three sampling years (1987, 1990, and 1992) on cell cultures using infrared (IR) spectroscopy with computational data handling approaches. Gannet extracts were chemically analyzed for different contaminants, and MCF-7 cell lines were treated for 24 h in a dose-related manner with individual-year extracts varying in their polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) ratios. Treated cellular material was then fixed and interrogated using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform IR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy; resultant IR spectra were computationally analyzed to derive dose-response relationships and to identify biomarkers associated with each contaminant mixture treatment. The results show distinct biomarkers of effect are related to each contamination scenario, with an inverse relationship with dose observed. This study suggests that specific contaminant mixtures induce cellular alterations in the DNA/RNA spectral region that are most pronounced at low doses. It also suggests alterations in the "biochemical-cell fingerprint" of IR spectra can be indicative of mixture exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valon Llabjani
- Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
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Ratz-Lyko A, Arct J, Pytkowska K. Methods for evaluation of cosmetic antioxidant capacity. Skin Res Technol 2011; 18:421-30. [PMID: 22093040 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The skin as the largest part of human body is one of the main targets for ultraviolet radiation, environmental pollution, toxic chemicals and some metal ions, which share responsibility for the formation of free radicals. The resulting free radicals, both oxygen and nitrogen species are one of the main causes of aging due to impaired regulation of cell respiratory metabolism involving incomplete oxygen reduction in mitochondria and production a superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals et al. In modern cosmetology to minimize the adverse effects of free radicals, antioxidants, which inhibit free radical reactions, mainly autoxidation processes are used. Currently, not only many cosmetic products containing antioxidants are available, but a large diversity of methods for determination of cosmetics antioxidant activity is also accessible. These methods can be divided into three main groups: in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo as reported herein. Due to lack of standardization and validation it is necessary to use a variety of methods as well as conditions for those purposes, which are presented to the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ratz-Lyko
- Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care, Department of Cosmetics Chemistry, Warsaw, Poland
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Cheli F, Baldi A. Nutrition-based health: cell-based bioassays for food antioxidant activity evaluation. J Food Sci 2011; 76:R197-205. [PMID: 22416720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Food science has progressively evolved and now there are wide evidences that foods have biological activities that are beyond their classical nutritional value. In this field, the antioxidant activity of pure compounds, food, feed, and dietary supplements has been extensively studied and numerous analytical approaches and assay models have been developed, involving various systems from simple chemical assays to animal models and human studies. This article is an overview of different cell-based models that have been used for testing the antioxidant properties of food, feed, and dietary supplements. Advantages, drawbacks, and technical problems to develop and validate suitable, robust, and high-throughput cell-based bioassays for screening food antioxidant activity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cheli
- Dept. of Veterinary Science and Technology for Food Safety, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milano, Italy.
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Cellular responses of Prochilodus lineatus hepatocytes after cylindrospermopsin exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1493-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Walum E, Tähti H, Kolman A. The tenth anniversary of the Björn Ekwall memorial foundation. Altern Lab Anim 2011; 39:389-402. [PMID: 21942549 DOI: 10.1177/026119291103900413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Björn Ekwall Memorial Foundation (BEMF) was initiated by the Scandinavian Society for Cell Toxicology in 2001, to honour the memory of Dr Björn Ekwall (1940-2000) and to establish a prize, the Björn Ekwall Memorial Award. The prize is awarded to scientists who have significantly contributed to the field of cell toxicology, and whose work is contributing toward the replacement of animal experiments by alternative toxicity tests. Over the past 10 years, the Björn Ekwall Memorial Award has been presented annually. Björn Ekwall, an outstanding Swedish cell toxicologist, was one of the pioneers in the development and application of alternative methods to animal tests in toxicology. All his scientific work was devoted to in vitro toxicology, and in particular, to the use of cultured human cells for the screening of toxic chemicals. In the middle of the 1980s, he initiated the international Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) project, to evaluate the usefulness of in vitro tests for the estimation of human acute systemic toxicity. To prove his "basal cytotoxicity concept", he established the MEMO database, in which data on the acutely toxic human blood concentrations of drugs and chemicals were collated from the literature and from clinical studies. He also initiated another project, Evaluation-Guided Development of In Vitro Toxicity and Toxicokinetic Tests (EDIT). The ideas from the EDIT project, together with those from the MEIC project, became the basis for today's international EU projects, e.g. ACuteTox, Sens-it-iv and ReProTect. In this article, 10 years after the start of the BEMF, the scientific achievements of each of the award winners in the field of in vitro toxicology are presented, together with a brief synopsis of their careers.
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Vieira MDS, de Oliveira V, Lima EM, Kato MJ, Valadares MC. In vitro basal cytotoxicity assay applied to estimate acute oral systemic toxicity of grandisin and its major metabolite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:505-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sorragi CDL, Shishido SM, Lemos ME, Marcondes S, Antunes E, Krieger MH. In vitro evaluation of the safe margin, antithrombotic and antiproliferative actions for the treatment of restenosis: Nitric oxide donor and polymers. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:207-14. [PMID: 21374644 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DES) were developed to combat the problem of in-stent restenosis, and evaluating the biological activity from DES systems is critical for its safety and efficacy. To test the cytotoxicity of nitric oxide (NO) donor-containing polymers for their potential use in DES applications, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) or in combination with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in an aqueous polymeric solution (PVA/PVP/GSNO) was investigated using Balb/c 3T3 and Rabbit arterial smooth muscle (RASM) cells. The sensitivity of 3T3 cells to the cytotoxicity effects induced by GSNO was higher than that of RASM cells, while RASM cells were more susceptible to alterations in membrane permeability. Cell growth assays showed that GSNO and PVA/PVP/GSNO induced antiproliferative effects in RASM cells. Moreover, the presence of polymers can reduce the cytotoxicity and enhance the antiproliferative effects of GSNO. Dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation was similar for both PVA/PVP/GSNO (EC50 of 3.4 ± 2.3 µM) and GSNO (EC50 of 2.8 ± 1.1 µM) solutions. Platelet adhesion assays showed that the inhibition caused by GSNO (EC50 of 5.0 mM) was dependent on the presence of plasma. These results demonstrate that the methodology adopted here is suitable to establish safety margins and evaluate the antithrombotic potential and antiproliferative effects of NO-eluting biomaterials and polymeric solutions for the new cardiovascular devices, and also to emphasize the importance of using more specific cell lines in these evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia de Lourdes Sorragi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascula, Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Physiology, State University of Campinas, Biology Institute, SP, Brasil
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Gunness P, Aleksa K, Koren G. The effect of acyclovir on the tubular secretion of creatinine in vitro. J Transl Med 2010; 8:139. [PMID: 21192814 PMCID: PMC3022579 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While generally well tolerated, severe nephrotoxicity has been observed in some children receiving acyclovir. A pronounced elevation in plasma creatinine in the absence of other clinical manifestations of overt nephrotoxicity has been frequently documented. Several drugs have been shown to increase plasma creatinine by inhibiting its renal tubular secretion rather than by decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Creatinine and acyclovir may be transported by similar tubular transport mechanisms, thus, it is plausible that in some cases, the observed increase in plasma creatinine may be partially due to inhibition of tubular secretion of creatinine, and not solely due to decreased GFR. Our objective was to determine whether acyclovir inhibits the tubular secretion of creatinine. Methods Porcine (LLC-PK1) and human (HK-2) renal proximal tubular cell monolayers cultured on microporous membrane filters were exposed to [2-14C] creatinine (5 μM) in the absence or presence of quinidine (1E+03 μM), cimetidine (1E+03 μM) or acyclovir (22 - 89 μM) in incubation medium. Results Results illustrated that in evident contrast to quinidine, acyclovir did not inhibit creatinine transport in LLC-PK1 and HK-2 cell monolayers. Conclusions The results suggest that acyclovir does not affect the renal tubular handling of creatinine, and hence, the pronounced, transient increase in plasma creatinine is due to decreased GFR, and not to a spurious increase in plasma creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrina Gunness
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
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39
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Muñoz B, Albores A. The role of molecular biology in the biomonitoring of human exposure to chemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4511-25. [PMID: 21151453 PMCID: PMC3000097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to different substances in an occupational environment is of utmost concern to global agencies such as the World Health Organization and the International Labour Organization. Interest in improving work health conditions, particularly of those employees exposed to noxious chemicals, has increased considerably and has stimulated the search for new, more specific and selective tests. Recently, the field of molecular biology has been indicated as an alternative technique for monitoring personnel while evaluating work-related pathologies. Originally, occupational exposure to environmental toxicants was assessed using biochemical techniques to determine the presence of higher concentrations of toxic compounds in blood, urine, or other fluids or tissues; results were used to evaluate potential health risk. However, this approach only estimates the presence of a noxious chemical and its effects, but does not prevent or diminish the risk. Molecular biology methods have become very useful in occupational medicine to provide more accurate and opportune diagnostics. In this review, we discuss the role of the following common techniques: (1) Use of cell cultures; (2) evaluation of gene expression; (3) the “omic” sciences (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) and (4) bioinformatics. We suggest that molecular biology has many applications in occupational health where the data can be applied to general environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balam Muñoz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, México, DF 07360, Mexico; E-Mail:
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40
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Gunness P, Aleksa K, Kosuge K, Ito S, Koren G. Comparison of the novel HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cell line with the standard LLC-PK1 cell line in studying drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 88:448-55. [PMID: 20555413 DOI: 10.1139/y10-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Established cell lines are widely used as in vitro models in toxicology studies. The choice of an appropriate cell line is critical when performing studies to elucidate drug-induced toxicity in humans. The porcine renal proximal tubular cell line LLC-PK1 is routinely used to study the nephrotoxic effects of drugs in humans. However, there are significant interspecies differences in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The objective of this study was to determine whether the human renal proximal tubular cell line HK-2 is an acceptable model to use when performing in vitro toxicity studies to predict effects in humans. We examined 2 nephrotoxic agents, ifosfamide (IFO) and acyclovir, that exhibit different clinical nephrotoxic patterns. HK-2 cells metabolized IFO to its nephrotoxic metabolite, chloroacetaldehyde (CAA). Acyclovir induced a concentration-dependent decrease in HK-2 cell viability, suggesting that acyclovir may induce direct insult to renal proximal tubular cells. The results support clinical pathology data in humans and suggest that HK-2 cells are a suitable model to use in in vitro toxicity studies to determine drug-induced nephrotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrina Gunness
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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41
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Biological and morphological characterization of human neonatal fibroblast cell culture B-HNF-1. Biologia (Bratisl) 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-010-0095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bakand S, Hayes A. Troubleshooting methods for toxicity testing of airborne chemicals in vitro. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010; 61:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lin Z, Ino K, Shiku H, Matsue T. Electrochemical topography of a cell monolayer with an addressable microelectrode array. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:559-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b915212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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O'Neill AT, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Walker GM. Microfabricated curtains for controlled cell seeding in high throughput microfluidic systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:1756-1762. [PMID: 19495460 DOI: 10.1039/b819622b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A microfabricated cell curtain is presented that facilitates cellular assays. The cell curtain is defined as a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) wall that extends from the ceiling of a cell culture microchamber to within microns of the chamber floor. Curtain use is demonstrated by observing monolayer human epidermal keratinocyte (HEK) colonies for 48 h longer than possible with non-curtained microfluidic chambers. The curtains were further characterized by integrating them into a 96 chamber high throughput microfluidic cell culture device. As proof of concept, this device was used to assay a range of ethanol dilutions spanning 0-22% in cell culture medium. Cells exposed to 12% ethanol or less for 30 min would recover to 85% viability at 24 h, while cells exposed to higher concentrations had viabilities below 10%. The data also showed that cells exposed to 6% ethanol or less grew in population size, 8% ethanol exposure stunted growth, and higher concentrations led to population loss. Curtain use permitted high initial cell seeding densities and increased the amount of time cells can be cultured compared to multi-well plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T O'Neill
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115, USA
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Bakand S, Winder C, Khalil C, Hayes A. Toxicity Assessment of Industrial Chemicals and Airborne Contaminants: Transition fromIn VivotoIn VitroTest Methods: A Review. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 17:775-87. [PMID: 16195213 DOI: 10.1080/08958370500225240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to occupational and environmental contaminants is a major contributor to human health problems. Inhalation of gases, vapors, aerosols, and mixtures of these can cause a wide range of adverse health effects, ranging from simple irritation to systemic diseases. Despite significant achievements in the risk assessment of chemicals, the toxicological database, particularly for industrial chemicals, remains limited. Considering there are approximately 80,000 chemicals in commerce, and an extremely large number of chemical mixtures, in vivo testing of this large number is unachievable from both economical and practical perspectives. While in vitro methods are capable of rapidly providing toxicity information, regulatory agencies in general are still cautious about the replacement of whole-animal methods with new in vitro techniques. Although studying the toxic effects of inhaled chemicals is a complex subject, recent studies demonstrate that in vitro methods may have significant potential for assessing the toxicity of airborne contaminants. In this review, current toxicity test methods for risk evaluation of industrial chemicals and airborne contaminants are presented. To evaluate the potential applications of in vitro methods for studying respiratory toxicity, more recent models developed for toxicity testing of airborne contaminants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bakand
- Chemical Safety and Applied Toxicology (CSAT) Laboratories, School of Safety Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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47
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Characterization of microfluidic human epidermal keratinocyte culture. Cytotechnology 2008; 56:197-207. [PMID: 19002858 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-008-9149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) are skin cells of primary importance in maintaining the body's defensive barrier and are used in vitro to assess the irritation potential and toxicity of chemical compounds. Microfluidic systems hold promise for high throughput irritant and toxicity assays, but HEK growth kinetics have yet to be characterized within microscale culture chambers. This research demonstrates HEK patterning on microscale patches of Type I collagen within microfluidic channels and maintenance of these cells under constant medium perfusion for 72 h. HEK were shown to maintain 93.0%-99.6% viability at 72 h under medium perfusion ranging from 0.025-0.4 mul min(-1). HEK maintained this viability while approximately 100% confluent-a level not possible in 96 well plates. Microscale HEK cultures offer the ability to precisely examine the morphology, behavior and viability of individual cells which may open the door to new discoveries in toxicological screening methods and wound healing techniques.
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Ceriotti L, Ponti J, Colpo P, Sabbioni E, Rossi F. Assessment of cytotoxicity by impedance spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:3057-63. [PMID: 17293102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a simple and convenient method to monitor on-line cell adhesion by electrical impedance measurements. Immortalized mouse fibroblasts, BALB/3T3, were cultured onto interdigitated electrode structures integrated into the bottom of an in-house fabricated device. Impedance modulus, phase, real and imaginary parts were considered separately and plotted as function of frequency and time to better understand and select the component giving more information on cell adhesion changes. For cytotoxicity assessment, the cells were treated with different concentrations of sodium arsenite used as model toxicant and their responses were monitored on-line. The half inhibition concentration, the required concentration to achieve 50% inhibition, derived from the measurements fall between the results obtained using standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test and colony forming efficiency assay confirming the good sensitivity of the system. In term of impedance signal, the modulus results was found to be the most sensitive of the considered components for cytotoxicity testing of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ceriotti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, TP 203, via E. Fermi 1, 21020 Ispra, (VA), Italy
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Ertan NZ, Erdem-Kuruca S, Akgun-Dar K. In vitro effects of growth factors and interferon-alpha on busulfan cytotoxicity. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2007; 24:171-7. [PMID: 17454786 DOI: 10.1080/08880010701198779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An experimental approach to increasing the effectiveness of leukemia treatment with S-phase-specific cytotoxics is to increase the cycling of leukemia cells with growth factors. However, growth factors may have a different relationship with non-cell-cycle-specific agents. The authors examined the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon-alpha (INF-alpha) on the cytotoxic effects of the alkylating agent busulfan on the erythro-myeloid cell line K562. G-CSF and GM-CSF increased the proliferation and colony-forming ability of K562 cells and protected the cells from busulfan effects. INF-alpha decreased the colony-forming ability and proliferation of the K562 cells and demonstrated a possibly additive effect with busulfan. In the cell line K562, the growth factors G-CSF and GM-CSF protected the cells from the non-cell-cycle-specific alkylating agent busulfan, whereas IFN-alpha demonstrated an additive cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Zeynep Ertan
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, 34390, Turkey
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Holovská V, Pistl J, Kovalkovicová N. In vitro effect of pesticides (dichlofluanid, endosulfan, simazine, tolylfluanid and triallate) on proliferative activity of animal derived cell cultures. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2007; 58:61-74. [PMID: 17385544 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.58.2007.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study pesticides with different chemical structures (dichlofluanid, endosulfan, simazine, tolylfluanid and triallate) were examined for their potential cytotoxic effect on proliferative activity of cell cultures of mammalian origin. Cell lines Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK), Rabbit Kidney (RK13), Porcine Kidney (PK15), and semicontinual line of Bovine Embryonic Pulmonary Cells (BEPC) were used in the study. From these cell cultures cell proliferative activity was suppressed most intensively in PK15 culture by endosulfan (10(-1) - 10(-6) M). The least effect on cell proliferation in all cell cultures tested, with the exception PK 15 (10(-1) - 10(-2) M), was recorded after simazine exposure. On the basis of IC50 values the cytotoxic effect was: dichlofluanid (IC50 = 10(-3.94) M) > tolylfluanid (IC50 = 10(-3.69) M) > endosulfan (IC50 = 10(-3.24) M) > triallate (IC50 = 10(-3.12) M) > simazine (IC50 = 10(-1.78) M). The comparison of average IC50 values of cell cultures revealed that the most sensitive cell lines were PK15 (IC50 = 10(-3.27) M) and RK13 (IC50 = 10(-3.21) M), whereas MDBK (IC50 = 10(-2.55) M) and BEPC (IC50 = 10(-2.52) M) were less sensitive to pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Holovská
- Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Safarik, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01 Kosice
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