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Morante-Carriel J, Živković S, Nájera H, Sellés-Marchart S, Martínez-Márquez A, Martínez-Esteso MJ, Obrebska A, Samper-Herrero A, Bru-Martínez R. Prenylated Flavonoids of the Moraceae Family: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1211. [PMID: 38732426 PMCID: PMC11085352 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids (PFs) are natural flavonoids with a prenylated side chain attached to the flavonoid skeleton. They have great potential for biological activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition, and anti-Alzheimer's effects. Medicinal chemists have recently paid increasing attention to PFs, which have become vital for developing new therapeutic agents. PFs have quickly developed through isolation and semi- or full synthesis, proving their high value in medicinal chemistry research. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress of PFs, including natural PFs from the Moraceae family and their pharmacological activities. This information provides a basis for the selective design and optimization of multifunctional PF derivatives to treat multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Morante-Carriel
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Plant Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Agricultural Sciences, Quevedo State Technical University, Av. Quito km. 1 1/2 vía a Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Quevedo 120501, Ecuador
| | - Suzana Živković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Hugo Nájera
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Alcaldía Cuajimalpa de Morelos, Mexico City 05348, Mexico
| | - Susana Sellés-Marchart
- Research Technical Facility, Proteomics and Genomics Division, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Ascensión Martínez-Márquez
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - María José Martínez-Esteso
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Anna Obrebska
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Antonio Samper-Herrero
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Roque Bru-Martínez
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Multidisciplinary Institute for the Study of the Environment (IMEM), University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Tripathi K, Kumar P, Kumar R, Saxena R, Kumar A, Badoni H, Goyal B, Mirza AA. Efficacy of jackfruit components in prevention and control of human disease: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:361. [PMID: 38144022 PMCID: PMC10743863 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1683_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of the natural remedies significantly used in folk medicine. The ethnopharmacological applications of jackfruit are mainly concerned with the management of inflammation, diarrhea, and diabetes mellitus. Flavonoids, stilbenoids, aryl benzofurans, and lectin jacalin are abundant in jackfruit species. Jacalin is a good indicator for evaluating the immunological state of HIV-1 patients. The extracts and metabolites of jackfruit, particularly those from the leaves, bark, stem, and fruit, contain several beneficial bioactive mixtures. New studies are focused on exploring these bioactive compounds used in various biological activities such as antiviral, antiplatelet, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, immunomodulatory effects, inhibitors of 5-alpha reductase activity, and the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets (orodispersible, rapid melts porous). Multidisciplinary programs that integrate traditional and modern technology play a crucial role in the lies ahead expansion of jackfruit as the prospective inception of therapeutic compounds. This review aims to highlight significant results on the identification, production, and bioactivity of metabolites found in jackfruit, with current developments in jackfruit research in the control and prevention of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankur Kumar
- School of Applied Life Sciences, Uttranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himani Badoni
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bela Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anissa Atif Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Insanu M, Pramasatya H, Buddhisuharto AK, Tarigan C, Zahra AA, Haniffadi A, Sabila N, Fidrianny I. Unused Parts of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus): Prospective In Vitro Antioxidative Activity. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Free radical is unstable and highly reactive, which may lead to oxidative stress that causes various diseases, that is, diabetes mellitus. Antioxidant can prevent oxidation process by scavenging free radicals. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a native tropical fruit that can easily be found in Indonesia. When the flesh is commonly eaten, the unused parts – such as the leaves, fruit peels, and pulps will be considered waste to be thrown away. However, these unused parts of Jackfruit are rich in antioxidant compounds that potentially can work as therapeutic agents.
AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant properties of leaves, peels, and pulps of A. heterophyllus by calculating their antioxidant activity index (AAI) with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Cupric Ion-Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method; total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC); observing the correlation between TPC and TFC with AAI DPPH and CUPRAC; as well as the correlation between AAI DPPH and CUPRAC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extraction process was carried out using reflux method using three different polarity solvents. UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to determine the TPC, TFC, AAI DPPH, and AAI CUPRAC. Pearson’s method was used to observe the correlation between TPC and TFC with AAI DPPH and CUPRAC, as well as the correlation between both methods.
RESULTS: The AAI in DPPH method were varied from 0.0310 to 36.8852, while CUPRAC from 0.1156 to 1.2503. Ethanol leaves extract gave the highest TPC value (5.53 g GAE/100 g) and n-hexane peels extract exposed the highest TFC value (16.07 g QE/100 g). The correlation between TPC and AAI of leaves, peels, and pulps extracts with DPPH method, as well as between TFC and AAI CUPRAC of peels extracts was positive and significant. Rutin was determined as the marker compound, valuing at 0.0106%.
CONCLUSION: Phenols and flavonoids (including rutin) content contributed to DPPH and CUPRAC antioxidant activity. The antioxidant property between both methods was not linear in leaves, peels, and pulps extracts. Unused parts (peels and leaves) of A. heterophyllus might be potential to be developed as natural antioxidant sources.
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Wang CC, Hsiao CY, Hsu YJ, Ko HH, Chang DC, Hung CF. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cycloheterophyllin on Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in HaCaT Cells and BALB/c Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092610. [PMID: 35565961 PMCID: PMC9099738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that makes skin red and itchy. Though common in children, the condition can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is persistent (chronic) and tends to recur periodically. It may be accompanied by asthma or hay fever. No cure has been found for eczema. Therefore, it is very important to develop ingredients that aid the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis. Cycloheterophyllin is derived from Artocarpus heterophyllus and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it still is not understood whether cycloheterophyllin is an anti-atopic dermatitis agent. Keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and BALB/c mice for inducing AD-like cutaneous lesions were used to evaluate the potential of cycloheterophyllin as an anti-atopic dermatitis agent. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by treatment of TNF-α/IFN-γ was reduced after pretreatment with cycloheterophyllin. The inhibitory effects could be a contribution from the effect of the MAP kinases pathway. Moreover, the symptoms of atopic dermatitis (such as red skin and itching) were attenuated by pretreatment with cycloheterophyllin. Epidermal hyperplasia and mast cell infiltration were decreased in the histological section. Finally, damage to the skin barrier was also found to recover through assessment of transepidermal water loss. Taken together, prenylflavone-cycloheterophyllin from Artocarpus heterophyllus is a potential anti-atopic dermatitis ingredient that can be used in preventing or treating the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chang Guang University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jou Hsu
- PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Der-Chen Chang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-29053911
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Ren G, Gan LS, Zhu LZ, Zeng HT, Xu F, Yuan T. (±)-Heterocageflavone, Anti-inflammatory Isoprenylated Flavonoids with a Tricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecane Moiety from Artocarpus heterophyllus. Bioorg Chem 2022; 123:105742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Gupta A, Marquess AR, Pandey AK, Bishayee A. Jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in health and disease: a critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6344-6378. [PMID: 35144492 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Family Moraceae), is a tropical tree, native to India and common in Asia, Africa, and several regions in South America. The fruit is commonly known as jackfruit which is one of the largest edible fruits in the world. Jackfruits comprises a wide range of nutrients, including minerals, carbohydrates, volatile compounds, proteins, and vitamins. The fruit, bark, leaves, and roots are endowed with therapeutic attributes and are utilized in the many traditional medicinal systems for the management of various ailments. Fruit and seeds are commonly used to prepare various food items, including sauce, ice creams, jams, jellies, and marmalades. Due to unique texture, jackfruit is becoming a popular meat substitute. Based on preclinical studies, jackfruit exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-melanin, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, anthelmintic, wound-healing, and antineoplastic activities. Clinical studies reveal that the leaves possess antidiabetic action in healthy and insulin-independent diabetic individuals. Despite numerous health benefits, regrettably, jackfruit has not been properly utilized in a marketable scale in areas where it is produced. This review delivers an updated, comprehensive, and critical evaluation on the nutritional value, phytochemical profiling, pharmacological attributes and underlying mechanisms of action to explore the full potential of jackfruit in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alexis R Marquess
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Aljohani G, Al-Sheikh Ali A, Alraqa SY, Itri Amran S, Basar N. Synthesis, molecular docking and biochemical analysis of aminoalkylated naphthalene-based chalcones as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.2005921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Aljohani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Adeeb Al-Sheikh Ali
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaya Y. Alraqa
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syazwani Itri Amran
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Basar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Shim JH. Inhibitory Effects of Cycloheterophyllin on Melanin Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092526. [PMID: 33926006 PMCID: PMC8123657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to clarify the inhibitory effects of cycloheterophyllin on melanin synthesis. In order to elucidate the inhibitory effects of cycloheterophyllin on the B16F10 cell line, cell viability, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions, tyrosinase activity assay, and melanin production assay were measured. The effects of cycloheterophyllin on tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)/TYRP2/tyrosinase (TYR)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expressions and melanin content were determined. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that cycloheterophyllin decreased the mRNA expression level of TYRP1/TYRP2/TYR/MITF genes and melanin production contents than α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. The tyrosinase activity assay revealed that cycloheterophyllin decreased the melanin production in the B16F10 cells. These data show that cycloheterophyllin increases the whitening effects in the B16F10 cells; thus, cycloheterophyllin is a potent ingredient for skin whitening. Thus, further research on the mechanism of action of cycloheterophyllin for the development of functional materials should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Hyun Shim
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Semyung University, Science & Engineering Bldg/Room 313, Chungbuk 390-711, Korea
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Sreeja Devi PS, Kumar NS, Sabu KK. Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant activities of different parts of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae): A review on current status of knowledge. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jackfruit tree) is one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to Western Ghats of India. They are large edible summer fruits and are good source of nutritional and antioxidant components which hold their potential for nutraceutical development.
Main body
The present review attempts to document reports on the chemical and pharmacological investigations carried out with jackfruit. Research shows that the fruit contains a huge amount of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins which exhibit antioxidant properties.
Conclusions
Diversity of secondary metabolites present in the jackfruit shows that it is a functionally, nutritionally, and medicinally important fruit. Detailed studies are essential for awareness among people for the proper use of jackfruit as a functional food and utilize the medicinal uses of jackfruit.
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Santos CMM, Silva AMS. The Antioxidant Activity of Prenylflavonoids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030696. [PMID: 32041233 PMCID: PMC7037609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids combine the flavonoid moiety and the lipophilic prenyl side-chain. A great number of derivatives belonging to the class of chalcones, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones and other complex structures possessing different prenylation patterns have been studied in the past two decades for their potential as antioxidant agents. In this review, current knowledge on the natural occurrence and structural characteristics of both natural and synthetic derivatives was compiled. An exhaustive survey on the methods used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of these prenylflavonoids and the main results obtained were also presented and discussed. Whenever possible, structure-activity relationships were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina M. M. Santos
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.M.S.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.M.S.); (A.M.S.S.)
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Wiater A, Paduch R, Trojnar S, Choma A, Pleszczyńska M, Adamczyk P, Pięt M, Próchniak K, Szczodrak J, Strawa J, Tomczyk M. The Effect of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) on Human Colon Carcinoma Cells Cultured In Vitro. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010103. [PMID: 31947694 PMCID: PMC7020216 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various phytochemical studies have revealed that jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is rich in bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, flavonoids, volatile acids, tannins, and lectins. The aim of the study was to analyze the biological activity of water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) isolated from jackfruit and to assess its immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, and anti-oxidative effects on human colon carcinoma cells in vitro. The neutral red (NR) uptake assay revealed no toxic influence of the polymer on the viability of tumor cells (HT29 and SW620). After 24 h and 48 h of incubation, the cellular viability was not lower than 94%. The metabolic activity of the cells (MTT) at the compound concentration of 250 µg/mL was higher than 92% in comparison to the control. WSP (250 µg/mL) exerted no significant effect on the morphology of the cells was determined by May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining. WSP changed nitric oxide (NOx) production by the tumor cells depending on the time of incubation and prior 2-h stimulation of the cells with E. coli 0111:B4 LPS. It significantly stimulated IL-1β production by the tumor cells. The IL-6 level increased but that of IL-10 decreased by a WSP concentration-dependent manner. No such effect was detected in SW620. The WSP had antioxidant properties. In conclusion, water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from A. heterophyllus exhibits significant biological activity towards many types of both normal and cancerous cells. Therefore, it may be considered as a useful agent in the protection of human health or in functional and dietary nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (S.T.); (M.P.)
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University, ul. Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-537-5944
| | - Sylwia Trojnar
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (S.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Pleszczyńska
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Paulina Adamczyk
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Mateusz Pięt
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (S.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Próchniak
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Janusz Szczodrak
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jakub Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (M.T.)
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Characterization and Identification of Prenylated Flavonoids from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Roots by Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight and Linear Trap Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244591. [PMID: 31847475 PMCID: PMC6943520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a combination of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) and linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was performed to investigate the fragmentation behaviors of prenylated flavonoids (PFs) from Artocarpus plants. Fifteen PFs were selected as the model molecules and divided into five types (groups A–E) according to their structural characteristics in terms of the position and existing form of prenyl substitution in the flavone skeleton. The LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra of the [M − H]− ions for these compounds provided a wealth of structural information on the five different types of compounds. The main fragmentation pathways of group A were the ortho effect and retro Diels–Alder (RDA), and common losses of C4H10, CO, and CO2. The compounds in group B easily lose C6H12, forming a stable structure of a 1,4-dienyl group, unlike those in group A. The fragmentation pathway for group C is characterized by obvious 1,4A−, 1,4B− cracking of the C ring. The diagnostic fragmentation for group D is obvious RDA cracking of the C ring and the successive loss of CH3 and H2O in the LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra. Fragmentation with successive loss of CO or CO2, ·CH3, and CH4 in the LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra formed the characteristics of group E. The summarized fragmentation rules were successfully exploited to identify PFs from Artocarpusheterophyllus, a well-known Artocarpus plant, which led to the identification of a total of 47 PFs in this plant.
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Su IC, Hung CF, Lin CN, Huang SK, Wang SJ. Cycloheterophyllin Inhibits the Release of Glutamate from Nerve Terminals of the Rat Hippocampus. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1591-1598. [PMID: 31264847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cycloheterophyllin, a prenylflavone isolated from Artocarpus heteophyllus, on glutamate release was studied in the rat hippocampus using synaptosome and slice preparations. In rat hippocampal synaptosomes, cycloheterophyllin inhibited 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-evoked glutamate release and elevation of intrasynaptosomal calcium levels. The inhibitory effect of cycloheterophyllin on 4-AP-evoked glutamate release was prevented in the presence of the vesicular transporter inhibitor, the N- and P/Q-type calcium channel blocker, and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor but was insensitive to the intracellular Ca2+ release inhibitors, the protein kinase A inhibitor, and the mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor. Western blotting data in synaptosomes also showed that cycloheterophyllin significantly decreased the level of phosphorylation of PKC. In addition, cycloheterophyllin decreased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) without influencing the amplitude of sEPSCs and glutamate-activated currents in hippocampal slices, supporting a presynaptic action. Together, these results suggest that cycloheterophyllin inhibits presynaptic glutamate release by suppressing N- and P/Q-type calcium channel and PKC activity in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chang Su
- School of Medicine , Fu Jen Catholic University , No. 510, Chung-Cheng Road , Hsin-Chuang, New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery , Cathay General Hospital , Taipei City , Taiwan 106
| | - Chi Feng Hung
- School of Medicine , Fu Jen Catholic University , No. 510, Chung-Cheng Road , Hsin-Chuang, New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan
| | - Chun Nan Lin
- College of Pharmacy , Kaoshiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan 807
| | - Shu Kuei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology , Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital , Pan-Chiao District , New Taipei City 22060 , Taiwan
| | - Su Jane Wang
- School of Medicine , Fu Jen Catholic University , No. 510, Chung-Cheng Road , Hsin-Chuang, New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan City , Taiwan 333
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Céspedes-Acuña CL, Xiao J, Wei ZJ, Chen L, Bastias JM, Avila JG, Alarcon-Enos J, Werner-Navarrete E, Kubo I. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from Maqui berry Aristotelia chilensis in human colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF BERRY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/jbr-180356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L. Céspedes-Acuña
- Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group in Chemistry and Biotechnology of Bioactive Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio. Chillan, Chile
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longsheng Chen
- Anhui Academy of Science and Technology, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Jose M. Bastias
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Grupo de Investigación Calidad, Toxicología e Inocuidad Alimentaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y los Alimentos, Universidad del Bio Bio, Chillan, Chile
| | - José G. Avila
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida de Los Barrios 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, México
| | - Julio Alarcon-Enos
- Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group in Chemistry and Biotechnology of Bioactive Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio. Chillan, Chile
| | - Enrique Werner-Navarrete
- Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group in Chemistry and Biotechnology of Bioactive Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio. Chillan, Chile
| | - Isao Kubo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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16
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Daud MNH, Fatanah DN, Abdullah N, Ahmad R. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Artocarpus heterophyllus L. J33 variety fruit waste from different extraction methods and identification of phenolic constituents by LCMS. Food Chem 2017; 232:621-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Zhai XX, Xiao CY, Jiang W, Chen YL, Ding YQ, Ren G. Isoprenylated Phenolics from Roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirteen compounds were isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus, including one new di-isoprenylated stilbene, (±)-artoheterin A (1), and twelve known isoprenylated phenolics, artocarbene (2), 3′,5′,2,4-tetrahydroxy-4′-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) stilbene (3), cudrastilbene (4), 3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) luteolin (5), 5,7,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) flavone (6), 6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) apigenin (7), artochamin B (8), 5′-hydroxycudraflavone A (9), artonins A and B (10–11), heterophyllin (12), and 8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (13). The structures of these compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods. All isolated compounds were screened for their inhibitory abilities against cathepsin K (CatK). Of them, compounds 1–4 and 8–13 were found to have suppression capabilities against CatK with IC50 values ranging from 1.9 to 73.7 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao Zhai
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Chuan Yun Xiao
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yun Long Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Qing Ding
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Gang Ren
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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18
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Yuan WJ, Yuan JB, Peng JB, Ding YQ, Zhu JX, Ren G. Flavonoids from the roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Fitoterapia 2017; 117:133-137. [PMID: 28163073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four new flavonoids, artoheteroids A-D (1-4), together with six known ones (5-10), were isolated from the roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, CD, and HR-ESI-MS. All isolated compounds were screened for their inhibitory abilities against cathepsin K (CatK). Among them, compounds 1-2, 4-6, and 10 were found to have suppression capabilities against CatK with IC50 values ranging from 1.4 to 93.9μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Yuan
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jin-Bin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jia-Bing Peng
- the People's Hospital of Yingshang, Yingshang 236200, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Ding
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Gang Ren
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
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Cespedes CL, Pavon N, Dominguez M, Alarcon J, Balbontin C, Kubo I, El-Hafidi M, Avila JG. The chilean superfruit black-berry Aristotelia chilensis (Elaeocarpaceae), Maqui as mediator in inflammation-associated disorders. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 108:438-450. [PMID: 28040469 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of phytochemicals occurred in fractions and extracts of fruits of "Maqui-berry" (Aristotelia chilensis), on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible-nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and the production of proinflammatory mediators were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW-264 cells, as well as their antioxidant activities. The MeOH extract (A), acetone/methanol extract (B), fractions F3, F4, subfractions (SF4-SF6, SF7, SF8-SF10, SF11-SF15, SF16-SF20), quercetin, gallic acid, luteolin, myricetin, mixtures M1, M2 and M3 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The results indicated that anthocyanins, flavonoids and its mixtures suppressed the LPS induced production of nitric oxide (NO), through the down-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions and showed a potent antioxidant activity against SOD, ABTS, TBARS, ORAC, FRAP and DCFH. The inhibition of enzymes and NO production by selected fractions and compounds was dose-dependent with significant effects seen at concentration as low as 1.0-50.0 (ppm) and 5.0-10.0 μM, for samples (extracts, fractions, subfractions and mixtures) and pure compounds, respectively. Thus, the phenolics (anthocyanins, flavonoids, and organic acids) as the fractions and mixtures may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation associated disorders and therefore might be used as antagonizing agents to ameliorate the effects of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Cespedes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio. Chillan, Chile.
| | - Natalia Pavon
- Departmento de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Mariana Dominguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Laboratorio 305-Sur, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Julio Alarcon
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio. Chillan, Chile
| | - Cristian Balbontin
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio. Chillan, Chile
| | - Isao Kubo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, USA
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Jose G Avila
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
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Huang CH, Li HJ, Wu NL, Hsiao CY, Lin CN, Chang HH, Hung CF. Photoprotective Effects of Cycloheterophyllin against UVA-Induced Damage and Oxidative Stress in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161767. [PMID: 27583973 PMCID: PMC5008741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly ultraviolet A (UVA), is known to play a major role in photoaging of the human skin. Many studies have demonstrated that UV exposure causes the skin cells to generate reactive oxygen species and activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Previous studies have also demonstrated that cycloheterophyllin has an antioxidant effect and can effectively scavenge free radicals. Extending the aforementioned investigations, in this study, human dermal fibroblasts were used to investigate the protective effect of cycloheterophyllin against UV-induced damage. We found that cycloheterophyllin not only significantly increased cell viability, but also attenuated the phosphorylation of MAPK after UVA exposure. Furthermore, cycloheterophyllin could reduce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and down-regulate H2O2-induced MAPK phosphorylation. In the in vivo studies, the topical application of cycloheterophyllin before UVA irradiation significantly decreased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, and blood flow rate. These results indicate that cycloheterophyllin is a photoprotective agent that inhibits UVA-induced oxidative stress and damage, and could be used in the research on and prevention of skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hua Huang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chang Guang University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hsien Chang
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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21
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Yao X, Wu D, Dong N, Ouyang P, Pu J, Hu Q, Wang J, Lu W, Huang J. Moracin C, A Phenolic Compound Isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus, Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Inflammatory Responses in Murine Raw264.7 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081199. [PMID: 27463712 PMCID: PMC5000597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus, a popular tropical fruit commonly known as the jackfruit tree, is normally planted in subtropical or tropical areas. Since a variety of phytochemicals isolated from A. heterophyllus have been found to possess potently anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antimalarial activities, researchers have devoted much interest to its potential pharmaceutical value. However, the exact mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory activity is not well characterized. In this study, seven natural products isolated from A. heterophyllus, including 25-Hydroxycycloart-23-en-3-one (HY), Artocarpin (AR), Dadahol A (DA), Morachalcone A (MA), Artoheterophyllin B (AB), Cycloheterophyllin (CY) and Moracin C (MC) were collected. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages were used in this study. Among these compounds, MC significantly inhibited LPS-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) release without marked cytotoxicity. Furthermore, MC effectively reduced LPS stimulated up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and serval pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)). Mechanistic studies revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of MC was associated with the activation of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (including p38, ERK and JNK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, especially reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit as revealed by nuclear separation experiment and confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Dang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Ningning Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jiaqian Pu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qian Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Septama AW, Panichayupakaranant P. Simultaneous HPLC Analysis of Three Flavonoids in the Extracts ofArtocarpus heterophyllusHeartwoods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2016.22.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Wira Septama
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Excellent Research Laboratory, Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Ren G, Peng J, Liu A, Liang J, Yuan W, Wang H, He J. Structure elucidation and NMR assignments of two new flavanones from the roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:872-874. [PMID: 26255871 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ren
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiabing Peng
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Aihong Liu
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjun Yuan
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junwei He
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
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Jin YJ, Lin CC, Lu TM, Li JH, Chen IS, Kuo YH, Ko HH. Chemical constituents derived from Artocarpus xanthocarpus as inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:424-435. [PMID: 26188915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four compounds, including the previously unknown artoxanthocarpuone A, artoxanthocarpuone B, hydroxylakoochin A, methoxylakoochin A, epoxylakoochin A, and artoxanthol, were isolated and characterized spectroscopically. Among them, artoxanthol is stilbene oligomer presumably constructed in a 5,11,12-triphenyl hexahydrochrysene scaffold by a Diels-Alder type of reaction, for which a biosynthetic pathway is proposed. Artoxanthol, alboctalol, steppogenin, norartocarpetin, resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, and chlorophorin potently inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity with IC50 values from 0.9 to 5.7 μM that were all far stronger than the positive controls. Artoxanthocarpuone A, artoxanthocarpuone B, methoxylakoochin A, lakoochin A, cudraflavone C, artonin A, resveratrol, and chlorophorin reduced tyrosinase activity and inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells without affecting cell proliferation. Collectively, the results suggest that the constituents of Artocarpus xanthocarpus have potential to be used as depigmentation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Jin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Cha-Chi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tzy-Ming Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung County 907, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Heng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Sheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Lathiff SMA, Jemaon N, Abdullah SA, Jamil S. Flavonoids from Artocarpus anisophyllus and their Bioactivities. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new prenylated flavonoids, 4′,5-dihydroxy-6,7-(2,2-dimethylpyrano)-2′-methoxy-8-γ,γ-dimethylallylflavone 1 and 3′-hydroxycycloartocarpin 2 along with six known flavonoids, 5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone 3, isobavachalcone 4, pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A 5, artocarpin 6, chaplashin 7 and cycloartocarpin 8 were isolated for the first time from the leaves and the heartwoods of Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. The structures of isolated flavonoids were elucidated spectroscopically using 1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, MS, UV and also by comparison with literature data. These flavonoids were screened for their antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The dichloromethane and ethyl acetate crude extracts together with 3′-hydroxycycloartocarpin 2, pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A 5 and artocarpin 6 showed DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity with SC50 values of 80.2, 40.0, 152.9, 20.2 and 140.0 μg/mL in 30 min, respectively. Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A 5 exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity against tyrosinase from mushroom with IC50 values of 60.5 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Mariam Abdul Lathiff
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Noraini Jemaon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Awanis Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shajarahtunnur Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Ko HH, Tsai YT, Yen MH, Lin CC, Liang CJ, Yang TH, Lee CW, Yen FL. Norartocarpetin from a folk medicine Artocarpus communis plays a melanogenesis inhibitor without cytotoxicity in B16F10 cell and skin irritation in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:348. [PMID: 24325567 PMCID: PMC3878891 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Many natural products used in preventive medicine have also been developed as cosmeceutical ingredients in skin care products, such as Scutellaria baicalensis and Gardenia jasminoides. Norartocarpetin is one of the antioxidant and antityrosinase activity compound in Artocarpus communis; however, the cytotoxicity, skin irritation and antimelanogenesis mechanisms of norartocarpetin have not been investigated yet. Methods In the present study, cell viability in vitro and skin irritation in vivo are used to determine the safety of norartocarpetin. The melanogenesis inhibition of norartocarpetin was determined by cellular melanin content and tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cell. Moreover, we examined the related-melanogenesis protein by western blot analysis for elucidating the antimelanogenesis mechanism of norartocarpin. Results The result of the present study demonstrated that norartocarpetin not only present non-cytotoxic in B16F10 and human fibroblast cells but also non-skin irritation in mice. Moreover, our result also first found that norartocarpetin downregulated phospho-cAMP response element-binding (phospho-CREB) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, which in turn decreased both synthesis of tyrosinases (TRP-1 and TRP-2) and cellular melanin content. This process is dependent on norartocarpetin phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinases such as phospho-JNK and phospho-p38, and it results in decreased melanogenesis. Conclusion The present study suggests that norartocarpetin could be used as a whitening agent in medicine and/or cosmetic industry and need further clinical study.
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A new flavanone and other constituents from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus and their antioxidant activities. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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El-Gaied LF, Abu El-Heba GA, El-Sherif NA. Effect of growth hormones on some antioxidant parameters and gene expression in tomato. GM CROPS & FOOD 2013; 4:67-73. [PMID: 23549347 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.24324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioregulators have a great effect on vital processes of plant growth and development. Known plant bioregulators include Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Natural or synthetic plant bioregulators are organic compounds that affect the physiological processes in the plant, either to control some of these processes or to modify them. For example these bioregulators can affect the nature of the process, either by accelerating or decelerating plant growth, rates of maturation and also by altering the behavior of the plants or their products. Also, enhancement of important nutrients in human diet could be achieved by bioregulators. This study uses the model crop plant Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Tomato is affected by a group of bioregulators, this group contains compounds which are powerful antioxidants in vitro. The current study aims to find out the effect of some plant bioregulators (IAA, IBA and NAA) on tomato growth, total protein content and enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). This study also investigates the effect of the above mentioned bioregulators on the level of RNA expression for SOD, CAT and TPX1 genes. The analytical quantification of target gene expression showed the induced effect of NAA on SOD expression and reducing effect of the other bioregulators (IAA and IBA) on CAT and TPX1 expression. However, at the protein level, we found that IBA and IAA caused a minor effect on total protein content while a significant effect was recorded on the total protein level using NAA. Upon measuring the enzyme activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, we found that both the exogenous NAA and IBA stimulated ascorbate peroxidase activity in tomato while there was no considerable difference detected in IAA treated plants. Also, there was no considerable difference detected in catalase activity of all bioregulator-treated plants compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa F El-Gaied
- Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), ARC, Giza, Egypt
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Swami SB, Thakor NJ, Haldankar PM, Kalse SB. Jackfruit and Its Many Functional Components as Related to Human Health: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2012.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sun J, Liu SF, Zhang CS, Yu LN, Bi J, Zhu F, Yang QL. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of Broussonetia papyrifera fruits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32021. [PMID: 22389678 PMCID: PMC3289642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits of Broussonetia papyrifera from South China were analyzed for their total chemical composition, and antioxidant activities in ethanol and aqueous extracts. In the fruit of this plant, the crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates was 7.08%, 3.72% and 64.73% of dry weight, respectively. The crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates were 15.71%, 20.51% and 36.09% of dry weight, respectively. Fatty acid and amino acid composition of the fruit were analyzed. Unsaturated fatty acid concentration was 70.6% of the total fatty acids. The percentage of the essential amino acids (EAAs) was 40.60% of the total amino acids. Furthermore, B. papyrifera fruit are rich in many mineral elements and vitamins. Total phenolic content was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, whereas antioxidant activities were assessed by measuring the ability of the two extracts to scavenge DPPH radicals, inhibit peroxidation, and chelate ferric ions. Their reducing power was also assessed. Results indicated that the aqueous extract of B. papyrifera was a more potent reducing agent and radical-scavenger than the ethanol extract. GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract showed the presence of some acid-containing compounds. The changes in total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in B. papyrifera from four different regions grown under normal conditions were assessed. The antioxidant activity of different extracts was positively associated with their total phenolic content. These results suggest that the fruit of B. papyrifera could be used in dietary supplement preparations, or as a food additive, for nutritional gain, or to prevent oxidation in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing-li Yang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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priya EM, Gothandam K, Karthikeya S. Antidiabetic Activity of Feronia limonia and Artocarpus heterophyllus in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2012.43.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pierson JT, Dietzgen RG, Shaw PN, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR, Gidley MJ. Major Australian tropical fruits biodiversity: Bioactive compounds and their bioactivities. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:357-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Phytochemistry, nutritional and pharmacological properties of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (jackfruit): A review. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Devalaraja S, Jain S, Yadav H. Exotic Fruits as Therapeutic Complements for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Food Res Int 2011; 44:1856-1865. [PMID: 21857774 PMCID: PMC3156450 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of obesity, type 2-diabetes, and the resultant metabolic syndrome are rapidly increasing. As successful preventive and therapeutic strategies for these life-threatening health ailments often come with adverse side effects, nutritional elements are widely used in many countries as preventive therapies to prevent or manage metabolic syndrome. Fruits are important dietary components, and contain various bioactive constituents. Many of these constituents have been proven to be useful to manage and treat various chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Although exotic fruits are understudied throughout the world due to their limited regional presence, many studies reveal their potent ability to ameliorate metabolic derangements and the resultant conditions i.e. diabetes and obesity. The aim of this article is to review the role of exotic fruits and their constituents in the regulation of metabolic functions, which can beneficially alter diabetes and obesity pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Devalaraja
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Chandrika UG, Abeysekera AM, Menichini F, Frega NG. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities on foodborne pathogens of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) leaves extracts. J Food Sci 2010; 75:M291-5. [PMID: 20629886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Total water extract, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions from the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus were evaluated for phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against some foodborne pathogens such as E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of extract and fractions determined by the agar dilution method were ranged from 221.9 microg/mL for ethyl acetate fraction to 488.1 microg/mL for total extract. In the agar diffusion method the diameters of inhibition were 12.2 for the total extract, 10.7 and 11.5 for ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions, respectively. A. heterophyllus showed significant antioxidant activity tested in different in vitro systems (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Fe(2+) chelating activity assay). In particular, in DPPH assay A. heterophyllus total extract exhibited a strong antiradical activity with an IC(50) value of 73.5 microg/mL while aqueous fraction exerted the highest activity in FRAP assay (IC(50) value of 72.0 microg/mL). The total phenols content by Folin-Ciocalteau method was determined with the purpose of testing its relationship with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Loizzo
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, Univ. of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Abstract
Six prenylated flavones, including one new compound, were isolated and identified from the stem bark extracts of Artocarpus altilis. The new prenylated flavone hydroxyartocarpin (1) was characterized as 3-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)-6-isopentenyl-5,8,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone and the known compounds were artocarpin (2), morusin (3), cycloartobiloxanthone (4), cycloartocarpin A (5) and artoindonesianin V (6). The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (IR, MS, (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR) and comparison with published data for the known compounds.
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Jagtap UB, Panaskar SN, Bapat VA. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and phenol content in jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) fruit pulp. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:99-104. [PMID: 20198442 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Fam. Moracae) fruit pulp (JFP) obtained from Western Ghats India was determined by evaluating the scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing power assays and N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD) radical cation decolorization assay. JFP was analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC). The ethanol and water are the best solvents for the extracting phenols and flavonoids from the JFP. The antioxidant activities of JFP extracts were correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoids content. The results indicated that the jackfruit pulp is one natural source of antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh B Jagtap
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, 416 004, MS, India
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Jagtap UB, Bapat VA. Artocarpus: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 129:142-166. [PMID: 20380874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The genus Artocarpus (Moraceae) comprises about 50 species of evergreen and deciduous trees. Economically, the genus is of appreciable importance as a source of edible fruit, yield fairly good timber and is widely used in folk medicines. The aim of the present review is to present comprehensive information of the chemical constituents, biological and pharmacological research on Artocarpus which will be presented and critically evaluated. The close connection between traditional and modern sources for ethnopharmacological uses of Artocarpus species, especially for treatment against inflammation, malarial fever, diarrhoea, diabetes and tapeworm infection. Artocarpus species are rich in phenolic compounds including flavonoids, stilbenoids, arylbenzofurons and Jacalin, a lectin. The extracts and metabolites of Artocarpus particularly those from leaves, bark, stem and fruit possess several useful bioactive compounds and recently additional data are available on exploitation of these compounds in the various biological activities including antibacterial, antitubercular, antiviral, antifungal, antiplatelet, antiarthritic, tyrosinase inhibitory and cytotoxicity. Several pharmacological studies of the natural products from Artocarpus have conclusively established their mode of action in treatment of various diseases and other health benefits. Jacalin, a lectin present in seeds of this plant has a wide range of activities. Strong interdisciplinary programmes that incorporate conventional and new technologies will be critical for the future development of Artocarpus as a promising source of medicinal products. In the present review, attempts on the important findings have been made on identification; synthesis and bioactivity of metabolites present in Artocarpus which have been highlighted along with the current trends in research on Artocarpus.
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Affiliation(s)
- U B Jagtap
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, (MS), India
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Naso L, Ferrer EG, Lezama L, Rojo T, Etcheverry SB, Williams P. Role of oxidative stress in the antitumoral action of a new vanadyl(IV) complex with the flavonoid chrysin in two osteoblast cell lines: relationship with the radical scavenger activity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 15:889-902. [PMID: 20364393 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The new complex [VO(chrysin)(2)EtOH](2) (VOchrys) has been synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Fourier transform IR, UV-vis, diffuse reflectance, and EPR spectroscopies as well as elemental analysis and thermal measurements were performed. In solution, different species could be detected by EPR spectroscopy as a function of the ligand-to-metal ratio. The stoichiometry of the chelate complex formed at pH 5 was also determined by spectrophotometric titrations. Since flavonoids are natural antioxidant compounds, the antioxidant capacity of chrysin and its vanadyl(IV) complex was investigated using different radicals. Chrysin and its complex were not able to diminish the level of superoxide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals to a great extent. In contrast, they were strong scavengers for 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt radical cations and OH. radicals with a greater potency for VOchrys. Taking into account their selective antioxidant properties, we investigated the bioactivity of these compounds in two osteoblast-like cells in culture. Chrysin and VOchrys caused an inhibition of cell proliferation in MC3T3E1 normal osteoblasts and UMR106 tumor cells in a dose-response manner, with a greater effect in the latter cell line. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated in both cell lines and a correlation could be established between the antiproliferative effects of chrysin and the increase in the ROS levels. The complex did not generate types of ROS that can be detected by the dihydrorhodamine 123 technique so the antiproliferative effect may be attributed to the formation of other radicals such as superoxide, which is not detected by this probe. The morphological alterations were in agreement with these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Naso
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR/CONICET, UNLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C. Correo 962, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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Suh HJ, Kim SR, Lee KS, Park S, Kang SC. Antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts from Allomyrina dichotoma (Arthropoda: Insecta) larvae. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 99:67-73. [PMID: 20236833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was under taken to evaluate the antioxidant properties of larvae extracts of Allomyrina dichotoma. The antioxidant activities of various larvae extracts of water, methanol, ethyl-acetate, chloroform, and hexane were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion radical and singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)). The methanolic larvae extracts displayed the greatest effect in DPPH radical scavenging assay, but the reducing activity of larvae extracts was weaker in the superoxide anion radical assay. However, methanol (ME) and chloroform extracts (CE) could be compared to ascorbic acid in (1)O(2) quenching ability. ME (the concentration of 50% (1)O(2) quenching, QC(50)=0.080mg/ml) and CE (QC(50)=0.051mg/ml) extracts had 1.7, 2.7 times better efficiency than ascorbic acid (QC(50)=0.138mg/ml), respectively. Also the extracts were found to protect biological systems in Escherichia coli and lactate dehydrogenase against detrimental effects of (1)O(2) of type II photosensitization in vitro. The ability of larvae extracts to scavenge free radicals could significantly change contents of GA equivalent, an important factor for the potency of antioxidant capacity. The results suggest that our study may contribute to the development of new bioactive products with potential applications to reduce oxidative stress in living organisms involving reactive oxygen species as well as play a vital role in insect organisms against oxidative damage of undesirable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Jin Suh
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 712-714, South Korea
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Turchi G, Alagona G, Lubrano V. Protective activity of plicatin B against human LDL oxidation induced in metal ion-dependent and -independent processes. Experimental and theoretical studies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:1014-1026. [PMID: 19427772 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is thought to be a major factor in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Natural antioxidants have been shown to protect LDL from oxidation and to inhibit atherogenic developments in animals. Structurally related prenylated pterocarpans, erybraedin C and bitucarpin A, and the prenylchalcone plicatin B were examined for their ability to inhibit LDL oxidation in vitro. The kinetic profile of peroxidation is characterized by the lag time of oxidation (t(lag)), the maximal rate of oxidation (V(max)) and the maximal accumulation of oxidation products (OD(max)). Specific variation of the set of kinetic parameters by antioxidants may provide important information about the mechanism of inhibitory action of a given compound. At equimolar concentrations (1 microM) the prenylated derivatives tested were found to inhibit 1 microM copper sulphate-induced oxidation of LDL (50 microg protein/ml) in accordance with the following order of activity: plicatin B>erybraedin Cbitucarpin A. Structural aspects, such as hydrogen-donating substituents, their number and arrangement in the aromatic ring moieties, and the prenyl and methoxy substituents, were investigated in order to explain the findings obtained. It is well known that the antioxidant activity of flavonoids is believed to be caused by a combination of transition metal chelation and free-radical-scavenging activities. To investigate these differences we comparatively studied the protective mechanism of plicatin B in copper-dependent or -independent LDL oxidation. The latter was mediated by 2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP). We measured the formation of conjugated dienes (OD(234 nm)). Plicatin B (0.2-1.5 microM) delayed the Cu(2+) (1 microM) promoted oxidation as conjugate diene formation (t(lag)) of the LDL by 45.2-123.5 min and reduced V(max) by 0.46-0.29 microM/min. In the ABAP (0.2mM) promoted LDL oxidation t(lag) increased by 67.2-110.2 min through plicatin B (0.5-2.5 microM). In experiments in which Cu(2+) concentrations increased (0.5 - 3 microM) and the amount of plicatin B (1 microM) was maintained constant, a significant decrease in t(lag) and an increase in V(max) was observed. In this study plicatin B appeared to exhibit a mixed mechanism, interfering with the formation of the radicals by chelating copper involved in the initiation/propagation reaction, but also by scavenging free hydroperoxyl radicals resulting from ABAP thermolysis. In addition, theoretical analysis indicated that plicatin B preferentially established the chelating complex with Cu(2+), because its affinity value is notably higher (by a factor of 5) than that for Cu(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Turchi
- Biochemistry and Mutagenesis in Somatic Cell Units, IBF - CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Yang LX, Zhang LJ, Huang KX, Kun li X, Hu LH, Wang XY, StÖckigt J, Zhao Y. Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of synthesized sintenin derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:425-31. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802188214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiang Yang
- 1Department of TCM and Natural Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Juan Zhang
- 1Department of TCM and Natural Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ke Xin Huang
- 2Pharmacy School of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiao Kun li
- 2Pharmacy School of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Li Hong Hu
- 1Department of TCM and Natural Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Yu Wang
- 1Department of TCM and Natural Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Joachim StÖckigt
- 1Department of TCM and Natural Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou, 310058, China
- 3Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Staudinger, Weg 5, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu Zhao
- 1Department of TCM and Natural Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou, 310058, China
- 2Pharmacy School of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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Zheng ZP, Cheng KW, To JTK, Li H, Wang M. Isolation of tyrosinase inhibitors from Artocarpus heterophyllus and use of its extract as antibrowning agent. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 52:1530-8. [PMID: 18683821 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new furanoflavone, 7-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy propan-2-yl)-2, 3-dihydrofuro(3, 2-g)chromen-5-one (artocarpfuranol, 1), together with 14 known compounds, dihydromorin (2), steppogenin (3), norartocarpetin (4), artocarpanone (5), artocarpesin (6), artocarpin (7), cycloartocarpin (8), cycloartocarpesin (9), artocarpetin (10), brosimone I (11), cudraflavone B (12), carpachromene (13), isoartocarpesin (14), and cyanomaclurin (15) were isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Their structures were identified by interpretation of MS,( 1)H-NMR,( 13)C-NMR, HMQC, and HMBC spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 1-6 and 14 showed strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC(50) values lower than 50 microM, more potent than kojic acid (IC(50) = 71.6 microM), a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor. In addition, extract of A. heterophyllus was evaluated for its antibrowning effect on fresh-cut apple slices. It was discovered that fresh-cut apple slices treated by dipping in solution of 0.03 or 0.05% of A. heterophyllus extract with 0.5% ascorbic acid did not undergo any substantial browning reaction after storage at room temperature for 24 h. The antibrowning effect was significantly better than samples treated with the extract (0.03 or 0.05%) or ascorbic acid (0.5%) alone. The results provide preliminary evidence supporting the potential of this natural extract as antibrowning agent in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Ping Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) extracts and isolated phenolic compounds are effective antioxidants in several in vitro models of oxidative stress. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cavalcanti BC, Júnior HV, Seleghim MH, Berlinck RG, Cunha GM, Moraes MO, Pessoa C. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tambjamine D, an alkaloid isolated from the nudibranch Tambja eliora, on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 174:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fang SC, Hsu CL, Yen GC. Anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the fruits of Artocarpus heterophyllus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:4463-4468. [PMID: 18500810 DOI: 10.1021/jf800444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam is a large evergreen tree cultivated throughout Southeast Asia for its fruits. Its leaves and roots have been used for medicinal purposes. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the fruits of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Three phenolic compounds were characterized as artocarpesin [5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-6-(3-methylbut-3-enyl) flavone] ( 1), norartocarpetin (5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) ( 2), and oxyresveratrol [ trans-2,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene] ( 3) by spectroscopic methods and through comparison with data reported in the literatures. The anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds ( 1- 3) were evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on the production of proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. These three compounds exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity. The results indicated that artocarpesin ( 1) suppressed the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) through the down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expressions. Thus, artocarpesin ( 1) may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Chwan Fang
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, 89 Wenhwa First St., Tainan 71703, Taiwan
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Yazdanparast R, Ardestani A. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Cyperus rotundus. J Med Food 2008; 10:667-74. [PMID: 18158839 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyperus rotundus (Family Cyperaceae) is used both as a functional food and as a drug. In this study, the antioxidative potential of a hydroalcoholic extract of C. rotundus (CRE) was evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including antioxidant capacity by the phosphomolybdenum method, total antioxidant activity in linoleic acid emulsion systems, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging. We further evaluated the reducing potential of the extract as well as Fe(2+)/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate. These various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene, tocopherol, L-ascorbic acid, and catechin. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of CRE was also determined by a colorimetric method. The extract exhibited high reduction capability and powerful free radical scavenging, especially against DPPH and superoxide anions as well as a moderate effect on NO. CRE also showed inhibited lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate induced by Fe(2+)/ascorbate and prevented deoxyribose degradation in both non-site-specific and site-specific assays showing the hydroxyl radical scavenging and metal chelating activity of the hydroalcoholic extract. Moreover, the peroxidation inhibiting activity of CRE was demonstrated in the linoleic acid emulsion system. These results clearly established the antioxidative potency of C. rotundus, which may account for some of the medical claims attributed to this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Céspedes CL, El-Hafidi M, Pavon N, Alarcon J. Antioxidant and cardioprotective activities of phenolic extracts from fruits of Chilean blackberry Aristotelia chilensis (Elaeocarpaceae), Maqui. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jamil S, Sirat HM, Jantan I, Aimi N, Kitajima M. A new prenylated dihydrochalcone from the leaves of Artocarpus lowii. J Nat Med 2008; 62:321-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-008-0226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Huang HL, Li DL, Li XM, Xu B, Wang BG. Antioxidative principals of Jussiaea repens: an edible medicinal plant. Int J Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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