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Joshi R, Adhikari S, Kim M, Jang Y, Min HJ, Lee D, Cho BK. Trace level detection of melamine and cyanuric acid extracted from pet liquid food (milk) using a SERS Au nanogap substrate. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100726. [PMID: 38590692 PMCID: PMC10999514 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reported an application of Au nanogap substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements to quantitatively analyze melamine and its derivative products at trace levels in pet liquid food (milk) combined with a waveband selection approach, namely variable importance in projection (VIP). Six different concentrations of melamine, cyanuric acid, and melamine combined with cyanuric acid were created, and SERS spectra were acquired from 550 to 1620cm-1. Detection was possible up to 200 pM for melamine-contaminated samples, and 400 pM concentration detection for other two groups. The VIP-PLSR models obtained correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.997, 0.985, and 0.981, with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 18.492 pM, 19.777 pM, and 15.124 pM for prediction datasets. Additionally, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify both pure and different concentrations of spiked samples. The results showed that the maximum classification accuracy for melamine was 100%, for cyanuric acid it was 96%, and for melamine coupled with cyanuric acid it was 95%. The results obtained clearly demonstrated that the Au nanogap substrate offers low-concentration, rapid, and efficient detection of hazardous additive chemicals in pet consuming liquid food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Joshi
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-to, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Samir Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Minjun Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Yudong Jang
- Institute of Quantum Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Min
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Donghan Lee
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
- Institute of Quantum Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-to, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-to, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
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2
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Joshi R, Gg LP, Faqeerzada MA, Bhattacharya T, Kim MS, Baek I, Cho BK. Deep Learning-Based Quantitative Assessment of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Pet Food Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115020. [PMID: 37299748 DOI: 10.3390/s23115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melamine and its derivative, cyanuric acid, are occasionally added to pet meals because of their nitrogen-rich qualities, leading to the development of several health-related issues. A nondestructive sensing technique that offers effective detection must be developed to address this problem. In conjunction with machine learning and deep learning technique, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed in this investigation for the nondestructive quantitative measurement of eight different concentrations of melamine and cyanuric acid added to pet food. The effectiveness of the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) technique was compared with that of partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), and a net analyte signal (NAS)-based methodology, called hybrid linear analysis (HLA/GO). The 1D CNN model developed for the FT-IR spectra attained correlation coefficients of 0.995 and 0.994 and root mean square error of prediction values of 0.090% and 0.110% for the prediction datasets on the melamine- and cyanuric acid-contaminated pet food samples, respectively, which were superior to those of the PLSR and PCR models. Therefore, when FT-IR spectroscopy is employed in conjunction with a 1D CNN model, it serves as a potentially rapid and nondestructive method for identifying toxic chemicals added to pet food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Joshi
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Lakshmi Priya Gg
- Department of Multimedia, VIT School of Design (V-SIGN), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Mohammad Akbar Faqeerzada
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Powder Mill Road, BARC-East, Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Insuck Baek
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Powder Mill Road, BARC-East, Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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3
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Limthin D, Leepheng P, Tunhoo B, Onlaor K, Klamchuen A, Phromyothin D, Thiwawong T. Preparation of surface-modified electrode of copper(ii) oxide mixed with the molecularly imprinted polymer for enhancement of melamine detection with photoelectrochemical technique. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14729-14736. [PMID: 37197674 PMCID: PMC10183999 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01854g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Melamine contamination in food and beverages affects short- and long-term health. In this work, enhanced sensitivity and selectivity in photoelectrochemical determination for melamine detection was achieved using copper(ii) oxide (CuO) combined with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). A CuO nanomaterial was used to achieve MIP surface modification via co-precipitation synthesis. An MIP film was deposited by polymerizing the methacrylic acid monomer and a melamine template. The properties of the CuO nanomaterials, such as the surface morphology, chemical oxidation state, and crystalline structure, were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), respectively. The diffuse reflection spectroscopy technique was applied to evaluate the optical properties of the CuO nanoparticles. The results indicated that the synthesized CuO nanomaterials had a monoclinic structure with an optical bandgap of 1.49 eV, which corresponds to absorbance in the visible light region. CPE electrodes with surface-modified CuO/MIP were measured using the photoelectrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and amperometry. The modified CuO/MIP electrode for melamine detection in 7.4 pH PBS buffer solution exhibited a high sensitivity of 0.332 nA nM-1, with a linear range of 5.0-75.0 nM and a limit of detection of 2.45 nM. Moreover, real samples of various kinds of milk were applied to evaluate the sensing response of the prepared CuO/MIP electrode. The modified CuO/MIP electrodes could be reused seven times with good reproducibility and high selectivity for melamine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalawan Limthin
- College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Piyawan Leepheng
- College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Benchapol Tunhoo
- College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
- Electronic and Control System for Nanodevice Research Laboratory (ECSN), College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 10520 Thailand
| | - Korakot Onlaor
- College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
- Electronic and Control System for Nanodevice Research Laboratory (ECSN), College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 10520 Thailand
| | - Annop Klamchuen
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency Patumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Darinee Phromyothin
- College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Thutiyaporn Thiwawong
- College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
- Electronic and Control System for Nanodevice Research Laboratory (ECSN), College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 10520 Thailand
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Revathi N, Sankarganesh M, Dhaveethu Raja J, Johnson Raja S, Gurusamy S, Nandini Asha R, Jeyakumar TC. Synthesis, spectral, DFT calculation, antimicrobial, antioxidant, DNA/BSA binding and molecular docking studies of bio-pharmacologically active pyrimidine appended Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14914-14928. [PMID: 37021479 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
A new pyrimidine derivative Schiff base (HL) [HL = 2-((4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-ylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol] has been synthesized using 2,6-diamino-4-chloropyrimidine and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde. Transition metal complexes of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes [CuL(OAc)] (1), [ZnL(OAc)] (2) are prepared with HL/metal(II) acetate with molar ratio of 1:1. The Schiff base (HL) and the complexes 1 and 2 are evaluated by UV-Visible, 1H-NMR, FT-IR, EI-MS and ESR spectral techniques. Complexes 1 and 2 are confirmed as square planar geometry. Electrochemical studies of the complexes 1 and 2 are used to analyse the quasi reversible process. Density Functional Theory (DFT) using the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level basis set was used to get the optimised geometry and non-linear optical properties. The complexes 1 and 2 are good antimicrobial agents than Schiff base (HL). The interactions of the HL and complexes 1 and 2 with Calf Thymus (CT) DNA are investigated by electronic absorption methods and viscosity measurements. Various molecular spectroscopy techniques, such as UV absorption and fluorescence, were used to explore the mechanism of interaction between the BSA and the ligand HL and complexes 1 & 2 under physiological settings. Complexes 1 and 2 are act as potential antioxidants than free Schiff base (HL) by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Furthermore, the purpose of the molecular docking studies was to better understand how metal complexes interact with biomolecules (CT-DNA and BSA). From these biological analyses, complex 1 acts as good intercalator with CT DNA & BSA and potent antioxidant with DPPH radical than complex 2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Revathi
- Department of Chemistry, Ramco Institute of Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Sankarganesh
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Taşci N, Çubuk S, Yetimoğlu EK, Kahraman MV. A novel polymeric fluorescence sensor based on acrylated citric acid for detection of melamine adulteration: Application in milk powder. Food Chem 2022; 394:133525. [PMID: 35749880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Melamine selective acrylate citric acid (ACA) based polymeric membrane sensor was prepared by radical polymerization method and the sensor was characterized. The sensor showed a selective fluorescent response to melamine (λex/λem = 388/425 nm). The sensor response is linear in the concentration range of 3.96 × 10-9 to 7.93 × 10-8 mol L-1, the optimum pH value is 6.0 and response time is less than 1 min. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 2.32 × 10-10 mol L-1 and as 7.74 × 10-10 mol L-1, respectively. The sensor showed great selectivity towards melamine in the presence of a large number of molecules and ions. The performance of sensor was also confirmed by determining of melamine in milk powder sample and the results were compared with HPLC results and acceptable results were obtained. As a conclusion, the results revealed that the proposed sensor is an interesting alternative for melamine determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Taşci
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Soner Çubuk
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ece Kök Yetimoğlu
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Memet Vezir Kahraman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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A Fluorescence-Based Chemical Sensor for Detection of Melamine in Aqueous Solutions. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melamine, an industrial chemical, receives wide attention nowadays because of its unethical usage as a nitrogen enhancer in protein-rich foods and dairy products. Since most of the existing melamine detection methods are highly expensive and time-consuming, high sensitivity biosensor-based detection methods have arisen in the scientific literature as promising alternatives. This study reports the design, synthesis, and fluorescent investigations of a carbazole-based sensor (CB) for the detection of melamine in aqueous solutions. The titration studies and microplate experiments on a CB-cyanuric acid mixture (CB-CA) with melamine suggested that the novel sensor could detect melamine even at very low concentrations in both aqueous solutions and dairy samples.
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7
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Liu X, Wang J, Wang Y, Huang C, Wang Z, Liu L. In Situ Functionalization of Silver Nanoparticles by Gallic Acid as a Colorimetric Sensor for Simple Sensitive Determination of Melamine in Milk. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23630-23635. [PMID: 34549161 PMCID: PMC8444319 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple and green colorimetric sensing assay strategy for highly efficient determination of melamine has been fabricated, which is based on the redox reaction of gallic acid with Ag+. Monodispersed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained using gallic acid as a reducing and stabilizing agent. However, the aggregate behavior of AgNPs was observed, while the melamine was present in the reaction medium. As a result, the color of the solution changed from vivid yellow to brown, and the density of the color was quantitatively correlated with the melamine concentration. The aggregation of AgNPs could be attributable to the formation of hydrogen bonds between melamine and gallic acid. The designed sensor exhibited a good detection limit of 0.099 μM (0.012 ppm), which was much lower than the safety limit in China (1.0 ppm) and EU (2.0 ppm). Additionally, the sensing assay displayed good selectivity toward melamine over other coexisting substances. Consequently, the proposed colorimetric sensor was successfully used for the determination of melamine detection in raw milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Yinfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Chunfang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Limin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
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8
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Liu Y, Zhou S, Han W, Li C, Liu W, Qiu Z, Chen H. Detection of Adulteration in Infant Formula Based on Ensemble Convolutional Neural Network and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040785. [PMID: 33917308 PMCID: PMC8067368 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adulteration in dairy products has received world-wide attention, and at the same time, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has proven to be a promising tool for adulteration detection given its advantages of real-time response and non-destructive analysis. Regardless, the accurate and robust NIR model for adulteration detection is hard to achieve in practice. Convolutional neural network (CNN), as a promising deep learning architecture, is difficult to apply to such chemometrics tasks due to the high risk of overfitting, despite the breakthroughs it has made in other fields. In this paper, the ensemble learning method based on CNN estimators was developed to address the overfitting and random initialization problems of CNN and applied to the determination of two infant formula adulterants, namely hydrolyzed leather protein (HLP) and melamine. Moreover, a probabilistic wavelength selection method based on the attention mechanism was proposed for the purpose of finding the best trade-off between the accuracy and the diversity of the sub-models in ensemble learning. The overall results demonstrate that the proposed method yielded superiority regression performance over the comparison methods for both studied data sets, and determination coefficients (R2) of 0.961 and 0.995 were obtained for the HLP and the melamine data sets, respectively.
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Cerra S, Salamone TA, Sciubba F, Marsotto M, Battocchio C, Nappini S, Scaramuzzo FA, Li Voti R, Sibilia C, Matassa R, Beltrán AM, Familiari G, Fratoddi I. Study of the interaction mechanism between hydrophilic thiol capped gold nanoparticles and melamine in aqueous medium. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111727. [PMID: 33819818 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, intense efforts have been made in order to obtain colloidal-based systems capable of pointing out the presence of melamine in food samples. In this work, we reported about the recognition of melamine in aqueous solution, using gold nanoparticles stabilized with 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (AuNPs-3MPS), with the aim of deepening how the recognition process works. AuNPs were synthesized using a wet chemical reduction method. The synthesized AuNPs-3MPS probe was fully characterized, before and after the recognition process, by both physicochemical (UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, DLS and ζ-potential) and morphostructural techniques (AFM, HR-TEM). The chemical and electronic structure was also investigated by SR-XPS. The sensing method is based on the melamine-induced aggregation of AuNPs; the presence of melamine was successfully detected in the range of 2.5-500 ppm. The results achieved also demonstrate that negatively charged AuNPs-3MPS are potentially useful for determining melamine contents in aqueous solution. SR-XPS measurements allowed to understand interaction mechanism between the probe and the analyte. The presence of sulfonate groups allows a mutual interaction mediated by electrostatic bonds between nanoparticles surface thiols and positively charged amino groups of melamine molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cerra
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tommaso A Salamone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Marsotto
- Department of Sciences and CISDiC, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Sciences and CISDiC, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Francesca A Scaramuzzo
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Li Voti
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Concita Sibilia
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Matassa
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Beltrán
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Virgen de África 7, 41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fratoddi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Üzek R, Sari E, Denizli A. Detection of Melamine by Using Fluorescent Nanocomposites with Specific Recognition Sites. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Üzek
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Esma Sari
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Laboratory Techniques Yüksek İhtisas University Ankara Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry 06800 Ankara Turkey
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11
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Zhang L, Hou J, Zhou H, Nawaz MAH, Li Y, Huang H, Yu C. Identification of milk adulteration by a sensor array based on cationic polymer induced aggregation of a perylene probe. Food Chem 2020; 343:128492. [PMID: 33158685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescence sensor array based on cationic polymer induced self-assembly of a perylene probe is developed. Cationic polymer induced aggregation of the carboxyl modified negatively charged perylene probe, and resulted in large quenching of monomer emission and generation of excimer emission. Upon the addition of negatively charged protein, monomer fluorescence restored with a decrease in excimer fluorescence. Based on these observations, we developed a six-channel sensor array to discriminate five main proteins in milk. In addition, we successfully identified pure milk out of different drinks using the developed sensor array since different drinks contained distinct species and contents of proteins. Furthermore, the sensor array exhibited excellent performance to discriminate milk adulterated by different concentrations of adulterants with 100% accuracy of cross validation. The analysis results also presented excellent linear correlation of adulterants contents and thus the developed sensor array shows great potential for quantitative detection of milk adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, PR China
| | - Jiaze Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Huipeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hayat Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, PR China.
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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12
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Wang J, Wu Y, Wu Q, Li L, Wang Y, Yang H. Highly sensitive detection of melamine in milk samples based on N-methylmesoporphyrin IX/G-quadruplex structure. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Liu S, Kannegulla A, Kong X, Sun R, Liu Y, Wang R, Yu Q, Wang AX. Simultaneous colorimetric and surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of melamine from milk. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 231:118130. [PMID: 32044710 PMCID: PMC8711265 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a dual-mode readout sensing mechanism that can effectively distinguish true and false-positive signals of melamine in milk by combining colorimetric analysis and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The colorimetry analysis takes advantage of color change of plasmonic nanoparticles upon the presence of melamine. We discovered that Ag colloids with 20 nm diameter was suitable for both colorimetric and SERS methods. However, the colorimetric method may present false-positive signals with the presence of interfering compounds. SERS spectroscopy can overcome this limitation and directly obtain signature spectra from the same plasmonic NPs used for the colorimetric assay without any modification. Melamine/s-triazine can be reliably differentiated by probing the SERS spectra based on surface-selection rules. The limit of detection of sensing melamine from milk by this method could reached to 0.05 ppm. Therefore, the combination of colorimetric and SERS method not only allows for rapid preliminary screening of melamine by naked eyes, but also greatly reduces false-positive signals by surface selection rules in SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China
| | - Akash Kannegulla
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Xianming Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China.
| | - Ran Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China.
| | - Alan X Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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14
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Shen G, Fernández Pierna JA, Baeten V, Cao Y, Han L, Yang Z. Local anomaly detection and quantitative analysis of contaminants in soybean meal using near infrared imaging: The example of non-protein nitrogen. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 225:117494. [PMID: 31505387 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The melamine scandal indicates that traditional targeted detection methods only detect the specifically listed forms of contamination, which leads to the failure to identify new adulterants in time. In order to deal with continually changing forms of adulterations in food and feed and make up for the inadequacy of targeted detection methods, an untargeted detection method based on local anomaly detection (LAD) using near infrared (NIR) imaging was examined in this study. In the LAD method, with a particular size of window filter and at a 99% level of confidence, a specific value of Global H (GH, modified Mahalanobis distance) can be used as a threshold for anomalous spectra detection and quantitative analysis. The results showed an acceptable performance for the detection of contaminations with the advantage of no need of building a 'clean' library. And, a high coefficient of determination (R2LAD = 0.9984 and R2PLS-DA = 0.9978) for the quantitative analysis of melamine with a limit of detection lower than 0.01% was obtained. This indicates that the new strategy of untargeted detection has the potential to move from passive to active for food and feed safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Shen
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Juan Antonio Fernández Pierna
- Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Baeten
- Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Yaoyao Cao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Lujia Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zengling Yang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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15
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Daizy M, Tarafder C, Al-Mamun MR, Liu X, Aly Saad Aly M, Khan MZH. Electrochemical Detection of Melamine by Using Reduced Graphene Oxide-Copper Nanoflowers Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20324-20329. [PMID: 31815235 PMCID: PMC6893966 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a robust and reliable electrochemical sensor was developed for sensitive detection of non-electroactive melamine (MEL) using a modified glassy carbon electrode with ascorbic acid (AA) as the active recognition element. To increase the current signal of AA, the working electrode was successively modified with l-arginine (l-Arg) and reduced graphene oxide-copper nanoflower composite. The voltammetry measurements denoted that the hydrogen bonding was formed between AA and MEL. Using the optimum conditions, the proposed enhanced sensor can detect MEL concentrations ranging from 10 × 10-9 to 9.0 × 10-8 M with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10-9 M that is proportional to the decrease of AA in the anodic peak current. Finally, the proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of MEL in commercial infant milk samples and good recovery values were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbuba Daizy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University
of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Chaitaly Tarafder
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University
of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rashid Al-Mamun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University
of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan
University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mohamed Aly Saad Aly
- Department
of Electronics and Information Science, Miami College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Md Zaved H. Khan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University
of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
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16
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Kessler FK, Schnick W. Ammelinium Sulfate Monohydrate and Ammelinium Sulfate Cyanuric Acid - Synthesis and Structural Characterization. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian K. Kessler
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schnick
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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17
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Yang N, Xie L, Pan C, Yuan M, Tao Z, Mao H. A novel on‐chip solution enabling rapid analysis of melamine and chloramphenicol in milk by smartphones. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
- Department of Agricultural EquipmentJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Liang‐Liang Xie
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Chen Pan
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Min‐Feng Yuan
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Zhi‐Han Tao
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Han‐Ping Mao
- Department of Agricultural EquipmentJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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18
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Limm W, Karunathilaka SR, Yakes BJ, Mossoba MM. A portable mid-infrared spectrometer and a non-targeted chemometric approach for the rapid screening of economically motivated adulteration of milk powder. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Yang H, Wang J, Wu Q, Wang Y, Li L, Ding B. Simple and Label-Free Fluorescent Detection of Melamine Based on Melamine⁻Thymine Recognition. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18092968. [PMID: 30200586 PMCID: PMC6163348 DOI: 10.3390/s18092968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, melamine has been illegally added into dairy products to increase the apparent crude protein levels. If humans or animals drink the milk adulteration of melamine, it can form insoluble melamine–cyanurate crystals in their kidneys which causes kidney damage or even death. In the present work, we constructed a simple and label-free fluorescent method for melamine detection based on melamine-thymine recognition. SYBR Green I was utilized as a reporter for this method as it did not require any modification or expensive equipment. In the absence of melamine, polythymine DNA was digested by Exo I, which caused a decrease in the fluorescence signal. In the presence of melamine, the polythymine DNA was able to fold into a double chain structure, however this was done with the help of T-melamine-T mismatches to prevent degradation. Then, the SYBR Green I combined with the double-stranded DNA to result in an intense fluorescence signal. The limit of detection in this method was 1.58 μM, which satisfied the FDA standards. This method also had a good linear relationship within the range of 10–200 μM. In addition, this new method has a good selectivity to distinguish melamine from the component of milk. As a result, we developed a simple and highly selectivity method for melamine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Yang
- Edible and Medicinal Fungi Research Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Jiujun Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Edible and Medicinal Fungi Research Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Baomiao Ding
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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20
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Wu S, Qian L, Huang L, Sun X, Su H, Gurav DD, Jiang M, Cai W, Qian K. A Plasmonic Mass Spectrometry Approach for Detection of Small Nutrients and Toxins. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:52. [PMID: 30393701 PMCID: PMC6199099 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-018-0204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nutriology relies on advanced analytical tools to study the molecular compositions of food and provide key information on sample quality/safety. Small nutrients detection is challenging due to the high diversity and broad dynamic range of molecules in food samples, and a further issue is to track low abundance toxins. Herein, we developed a novel plasmonic matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) approach to detect small nutrients and toxins in complex biological emulsion samples. Silver nanoshells (SiO2@Ag) with optimized structures were used as matrices and achieved direct analysis of ~ 6 nL of human breast milk without any enrichment or separation. We performed identification and quantitation of small nutrients and toxins with limit-of-detection down to 0.4 pmol (for melamine) and reaction time shortened to minutes, which is superior to the conventional biochemical method currently in use. The developed approach contributes to the near-future application of MALDI MS in a broad field and personalized design of plasmonic materials for real-case bio-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxi Qian
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuming Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Deepanjali D Gurav
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mawei Jiang
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Liu X, Xu N, Gai P, Li F. Triplex DNA formation-mediated strand displacement reaction for highly sensitive fluorescent detection of melamine. Talanta 2018; 185:352-358. [PMID: 29759211 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since melamine is a strong hazard to human health, the development of new methods for highly sensitive detection of melamine is highly desirable. Herein, a novel fluorescent biosensing strategy was designed for sensitive and selective melamine assay based on the recognition ability of abasic (AP) site in triplex towards melamine and signal amplification by Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme. In this strategy, the melamine-induced formation of triplex DNA was employed to trigger the strand displacement reaction (SDR). The SDR process converted the specific target recognition into the release and activation of Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme, which could catalyze the cleavage of fluorophore/quencher labeled DNA substrate (FQ), resulting in a significantly increased fluorescent signal. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescent signal has a linear relationship with the logarithm of the melamine concentration in a wide range of 0.005-50 μM. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.9 nM (0.1ppb), which is sufficiently sensitive for practical application. Furthermore, this strategy exhibits high selectivity against other potential interfering substances, and the practical application of this strategy for milk samples reveals that the proposed strategy works well for melamine assay in real samples. Therefore, this strategy presents a new method for the sensitive melamine assay and holds great promise for sensing applications in the environment and the food safety field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Gai
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Niedzwiecki M, Samant P, Walker DI, Tran V, Jones DP, Prausnitz MR, Miller GW. Human Suction Blister Fluid Composition Determined Using High-Resolution Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3786-3792. [PMID: 29425024 PMCID: PMC5863097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid (ISF) surrounds the cells and tissues of the body. Since ISF has molecular components similar to plasma, as well as compounds produced locally in tissues, it may be a valuable source of biomarkers for diagnostics and monitoring. However, there has not been a comprehensive study to determine the metabolite composition of ISF and to compare it to plasma. In this study, the metabolome of suction blister fluid (SBF), which largely consists of ISF, collected from 10 human volunteers was analyzed using untargeted high-resolution metabolomics (HRM). A wide range of metabolites were detected in SBF, including amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, and compounds of exogenous origin. Various systemic and skin-derived metabolite biomarkers were elevated or found uniquely in SBF, and many other metabolites of clinical and physiological significance were well correlated between SBF and plasma. In sum, using untargeted HRM profiling, this study shows that SBF can be a valuable source of information about metabolites relevant to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan
M. Niedzwiecki
- Department
of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Pradnya Samant
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Clinical
Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical
Care Medicine, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United
States
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Clinical
Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical
Care Medicine, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United
States
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Clinical
Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical
Care Medicine, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United
States
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gary W. Miller
- Department
of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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23
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Li W, Zheng Y, Zhang T, Wu S, Zhang J, Fang J. A Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Optical Fiber Probe Fabricated with Electropolymerized Molecular Imprinting Film for Melamine Detection. SENSORS 2018. [PMID: 29522472 PMCID: PMC5876666 DOI: 10.3390/s18030828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) films prepared by bulk polymerization suffer from numerous deficiencies, including poor mass transfer ability and difficulty in controlling reaction rate and film thickness, which usually result in poor repeatability. However, polymer film synthesized by electropolymerization methods benefit from high reproducibility, simplicity and rapidity of preparation. In the present study, an Au film served as the refractive index-sensitive metal film to couple with the light leaked out from optical fiber core and the electrode for electropolymerizing MIP film simultaneously. The manufactured probe exhibited satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the surface morphology and functional groups of the synthesized MIP film were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR) for further insights into the adsorption and desorption processes. Given the low cost, label-free test, simple preparation process and fast response, this method has a potential application to monitor substances in complicated real samples for out-of-lab test in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yongping Zheng
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Songjie Wu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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24
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Chen H, Tan C, Lin Z, Wu T. Classification and quantitation of milk powder by near-infrared spectroscopy and mutual information-based variable selection and partial least squares. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:183-189. [PMID: 28810180 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Milk is among the most popular nutrient source worldwide, which is of great interest due to its beneficial medicinal properties. The feasibility of the classification of milk powder samples with respect to their brands and the determination of protein concentration is investigated by NIR spectroscopy along with chemometrics. Two datasets were prepared for experiment. One contains 179 samples of four brands for classification and the other contains 30 samples for quantitative analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for exploratory analysis. Based on an effective model-independent variable selection method, i.e., minimal-redundancy maximal-relevance (MRMR), only 18 variables were selected to construct a partial least-square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. On the test set, the PLS-DA model based on the selected variable set was compared with the full-spectrum PLS-DA model, both of which achieved 100% accuracy. In quantitative analysis, the partial least-square regression (PLSR) model constructed by the selected subset of 260 variables outperforms significantly the full-spectrum model. It seems that the combination of NIR spectroscopy, MRMR and PLS-DA or PLSR is a powerful tool for classifying different brands of milk and determining the protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China; Hospital, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Chao Tan
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China.
| | - Zan Lin
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
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25
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Han X, Qin Z, Zhao M, Song J, Qu F, Qu F, Kong RM. Convenient and sensitive colorimetric detection of melamine in dairy products based on Cu(ii)-H2O2-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine system. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34877-34882. [PMID: 35547033 PMCID: PMC9087323 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The illegal adulteration of melamine in dairy products for false protein content increase is a strong hazard to human health. Herein, a simple and sensitive colorimetric method was developed for the quantification of melamine in dairy products based on a Cu2+-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) system. In this strategy, Cu2+ exhibits peroxidase-like activity and can catalyze the oxidation of TMB to oxidized TMB (oxTMB) in the presence of H2O2 with a blue colour change of the solution. However, the presence of melamine quickly interacts with H2O2 leading to the consumption of H2O2 and thus strongly hinders the oxidation of TMB. Under the optimal conditions, the absorbance change of oxTMB has a linear response to the concentration of melamine from 1 to 100 μM with a detection limit of 0.5 μM for melamine. The proposed method has many merits including more simplicity, good selectivity, and more cost-effectiveness without using any nanomaterials. The method was further successfully applied to detect melamine in dairy products including milk and infant formula powder. Convenient and sensitive colorimetric detection of melamine in dairy products based on a Cu(ii)-H2O2-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine system was reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- P. R. China
| | - Fengli Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- P. R. China
| | - Rong-Mei Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- P. R. China
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26
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Durucan O, Rindzevicius T, Schmidt MS, Matteucci M, Boisen A. Nanopillar Filters for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1400-1404. [PMID: 28956441 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a simple, robust, and automated molecule extraction technique based on a centrifugal microfluidic platform. Fast and facile extraction of a food adulterant (melamine) from a complex sample medium (milk) on a SERS substrate is demonstrated. The unique characteristic of the detection method is the obtained "filter paper/chromatographic" effect which combines centrifugal force and wetting properties of the SERS substrate. The work addresses issues related to SERS-based detection of analytes in complex media, which is important for realizing next generation SERS platforms applicable for a broad variety of real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Durucan
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro-
and Nano Technology, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro-
and Nano Technology, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Michael Stenbæk Schmidt
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro-
and Nano Technology, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Marco Matteucci
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro-
and Nano Technology, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro-
and Nano Technology, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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27
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28
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A Electrochemical Sensor for Melamine Detection Based on Copper-Melamine Complex Using OMC Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Melamine Detection in Milk and Dairy Products: Traditional Analytical Methods and Recent Developments. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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30
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Liu X, Song M, Li F. Triplex DNA-based Bioanalytical Platform for Highly Sensitive Homogeneous Electrochemical Detection of Melamine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4490. [PMID: 28674450 PMCID: PMC5495805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Melamine detection has attracted much attention since the discovery of the damage of melamine to human health. Herein, we have developed a sensitive homogeneous electroanalytical platform for melamine detection, which is relied on the formation of triplex molecular beacon integrated with exonuclease III (Exo III)-mediated signal amplification. The formation of triplex molecular beacon was triggered by the recognition and incorporation of melamine to the abasic (AP) site contained in the triplex stem. The stem of the triplex molecular beacon was designed to have a protruding double-strand DNA, which can be recognized and hydrolyzed by Exo III for releasing methylene blue (MB)-labeled mononucleotide. These released MB molecules exhibit high diffusivity toward indium tin oxide electrode with negative charge, thus producing a significantly increased electrochemical response. Taking advantages of the high binding affinity of the DNA triplex structure containing AP sites towards melamine and the unique features of Exo III, this sensing platform is capable for sensitive and selective melamine assay with a detection limit as low as 8.7 nM. Furthermore, this strategy shows good applicability for melamine assay in real samples. Therefore, this strategy broadens the application of triplex DNA and presents a new method for sensitive detection of melamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Sensitive determination of melamine in milk and powdered infant formula samples by high-performance liquid chromatography using dabsyl chloride derivatization followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Food Chem 2017; 221:139-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Fry H, Mietle K, Mähnert E, Zinke S, Schwieters M, Pydde E, Preiß-Weigert A. Interlaboratory validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in animal feed. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1320-1332. [PMID: 28332413 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1307527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Melamine and cyanuric acid have been mixed illegally into food and feed to increase the nitrogen content, which results in deceptively high protein contents. As a consequence, a maximum level for melamine of 2.5 mg kg-1 feed was established by the European Union under Directive 2002/32/EC. The Technical Committee (TC) 327 of the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) commissioned the standardisation of a method for the analysis of melamine and cyanuric acid in animal feed. One main task in the standardisation process is the performance of a full international collaborative trial, which is described in this paper. After performing a pre-trial study, in the main study eight different feed samples with different concentration levels of melamine and/or cyanuric acid were distributed as double-blind samples to 13 participants. The minimum criterion of eight laboratories submitting results per sample is fulfilled for melamine but only partly for cyanuric acid. The evaluation showed for both analytes a Horwitz ratio (HorRat) well below 2, and meets the requirements stated in the appropriate international protocols. The results demonstrated that the method seems to be suitable for the analysis of melamine and cyanuric acid in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildburg Fry
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Kerstin Mietle
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Eileen Mähnert
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Sebastian Zinke
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Mandy Schwieters
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Emanuele Pydde
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Angelika Preiß-Weigert
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
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33
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Jha SN, Jaiswal P, Grewal MK, Gupta M, Bhardwaj R. Detection of Adulterants and Contaminants in Liquid Foods-A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1662-84. [PMID: 25975571 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.798257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Milk and fruit juices have paramount importance in human diet. Increasing demand of these liquid foods has made them vulnerable to economic adulteration during processing and in supply chain. Adulterants are difficult to detect by consumers and thus necessitating the requirement of rapid, accurate and sensitive detection. The potential adulterants in milk and fruit juices and their limits set by different regulatory bodies have been briefly described in this review. Potential advantages and limitations of various techniques such as physicochemical methods, chromatography, immunoassays, molecular, electrical, spectroscopy with chemometrics, electronic nose, and biosensors have been described. Spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics has shown potential for rapid, precise, and sensitive detection of potential adulterants in these liquid foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Narayan Jha
- a Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering & Technology , Ludhiana , India
| | - Pranita Jaiswal
- a Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering & Technology , Ludhiana , India
| | - Manpreet Kaur Grewal
- a Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering & Technology , Ludhiana , India
| | - Mansha Gupta
- a Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering & Technology , Ludhiana , India
| | - Rishi Bhardwaj
- a Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering & Technology , Ludhiana , India
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34
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An H, Li X, Yang Q, Wang D, Xie T, Zhao J, Xu Q, Chen F, Zhong Y, Yuan Y, Zeng G. The behavior of melamine in biological wastewater treatment system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 322:445-453. [PMID: 27773438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Melamine (MA) is a significant raw material for industry and home furnishing, and an intermediate for pharmacy. However it is also a hazardous material when being added to food as a protein substitute due to the high nitrogen content. In this study, the behavior of MA in activated sludge was investigated. Experiments showed that MA was removed during biological wastewater treatment process, and the removal was mainly achieved by activated sludge adsorption instead of biodegradation. Low levels of MA (0.001-0.10mg/L) in wastewater had negligible influence on the performance of activated sludge, but high levels of MA deteriorated biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The presence of MA (1.00 and 5.00mg/L) decreased total nitrogen removal efficiency from 94.15% to 79.47% and 68.04%, respectively. The corresponding concentration of effluent phosphorus increased from 0.11 to 1.45 and 2.06mg/L, respectively. It was also observed that MA inhibited the enzyme activities of nitrite oxidoreductase, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and exopolyphosphatase, which were closely relevant to nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Further investigation showed that the presence of high MA concentrations promoted the consumption and synthesis of glycogen, thereby providing the advantage for the growth of glycogen accumulating organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue An
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Ting Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qiuxiang Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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35
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Kong X, Squire K, Li E, LeDuff P, Rorrer GL, Tang S, Chen B, McKay CP, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Wang AX. Chemical and Biological Sensing Using Diatom Photonic Crystal Biosilica With In-Situ Growth Plasmonic Nanoparticles. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2016; 15:828-834. [PMID: 27959817 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2636869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we described a new type of bioenabled nano-plasmonic sensors based on diatom photonic crystal biosilica with in-situ growth silver nanoparticles and demonstrated label-free chemical and biological sensing based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERs) from complex samples. Diatoms are photosynthetic marine micro-organisms that create their own skeletal shells of hydrated amorphous silica, called frustules, which possess photonic crystal-like hierarchical micro- & nanoscale periodic pores. Our research shows that such hybrid plasmonic-biosilica nanostructures formed by cost-effective and eco-friendly bottom-up processes can achieve ultra-high limit of detection for medical applications, food sensing, water/air quality monitoring and geological/space research. The enhanced sensitivity comes from the optical coupling of the guided-mode resonance of the diatom frustules and the localized surface plasmons of the silver nanoparticles. Additionally, the nanoporous, ultra-hydrophilic diatom biosilica with large surface-to-volume ratio can concentrate more analyte molecules to the surface of the SERS substrates, which can help to detect biomolecules that cannot be easily adsorbed by metallic nanoparticles.
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36
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Shen G, Fan X, Yang Z, Han L. A feasibility study of non-targeted adulterant screening based on NIRM spectral library of soybean meal to guarantee quality: The example of non-protein nitrogen. Food Chem 2016; 210:35-42. [PMID: 27211617 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The quality and safety of soybean meal is a key matter for the livestock breeding and food industries, since it is one of the most important and widely used protein feed raw materials. As driven by commercial interests, new illegal adulterants which are unknown to consumers and regulators emerge constantly. In order to make up for the inadequacy of traditional detection methods, a novel non-targeted adulterant screening method based on a near-infrared microscopy spectral library of soybean meal is proposed. This study focused on the feasibility of non-targeted screening methods for the detection of adulteration in soybean meal. Six types of non-protein nitrogen were taken as examples and partial least squares discriminant analysis was employed to verify the feasibility of this novel method. The results showed that the non-targeted screening method could screen out adulterations in soybean meal with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Shen
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xia Fan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products of CAAS, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zengling Yang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Lujia Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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37
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Zhou N, Zhou Q, Meng G, Huang Z, Ke Y, Liu J, Wu N. Incorporation of a Basil-Seed-Based Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor with a Pipet for Detection of Melamine. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Materials Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute
of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qitao Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Materials Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute
of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guowen Meng
- Key
Laboratory of Materials Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute
of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhulin Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Materials Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute
of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yan Ke
- Key
Laboratory of Materials Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute
of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Materials Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute
of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6106, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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38
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Zhang XM, Ai NS, Wang J, Tong LJ, Zheng FP, Sun BG. Lipase-catalyzed modification of the flavor profiles in recombined skim milk products by enriching the volatile components. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8665-8679. [PMID: 27544861 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to modify the amount and composition of volatile components in bovine milk products, in an attempt to create a recombined skim milk product with full-fat milk flavor but with only 0.5% fat. The experimental plan included lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis and esterification reactions using Palatase 20000L (Novozymes, Bagsværd, Denmark). The results, measured by the methods of volatile compositional analysis and sensory evaluation, showed that the flavor profiles of the optimal recombined milk products were effectively modified in this way, possessing intensified characteristic volatile flavor components with rather low level of fat contents, and the sensory characters were quite realistic to natural whole milk flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - N S Ai
- School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - J Wang
- School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P. R. China.
| | - L J Tong
- School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - F P Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - B G Sun
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P. R. China.
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39
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Tang BC, Cai CB, Shi W, Xu L. Rapid Quantification of Melamine in Different Brands/Types of Milk Powders Using Standard Addition Net Analyte Signal and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:9256102. [PMID: 27525154 PMCID: PMC4971385 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9256102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate calibration (MVC) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have demonstrated potential for rapid analysis of melamine in various dairy products. However, the practical application of ordinary MVC can be largely restricted because the prediction of a new sample from an uncalibrated batch would be subject to a significant bias due to matrix effect. In this study, the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy and the standard addition (SA) net analyte signal (NAS) method (SANAS) for rapid quantification of melamine in different brands/types of milk powders was investigated. In SANAS, the NAS vector of melamine in an unknown sample as well as in a series of samples added with melamine standards was calculated and then the Euclidean norms of series standards were used to build a straightforward univariate regression model. The analysis results of 10 different brands/types of milk powders with melamine levels 0~0.12% (w/w) indicate that SANAS obtained accurate results with the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) values ranging from 0.0012 to 0.0029. An additional advantage of NAS is to visualize and control the possible unwanted variations during standard addition. The proposed method will provide a practically useful tool for rapid and nondestructive quantification of melamine in different brands/types of milk powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Cheng Tang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, China
| | - Chen-Bo Cai
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, China
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
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40
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Bensalah N, Dbira S, Bedoui A. The contribution of mediated oxidation mechanisms in the electrolytic degradation of cyanuric acid using diamond anodes. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 45:115-23. [PMID: 27372125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the contribution of mediated oxidation mechanisms in the electrolytic degradation of cyanuric acid using boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes was investigated in different electrolytes. A complete mineralization of cyanuric acid was obtained in NaCl; however lower degrees of mineralization of 70% and 40% were obtained in Na2SO4 and NaClO4, respectively. This can be explained by the nature of the oxidants electrogenerated in each electrolyte. It is clear that the contribution of active chlorine (Cl2, HClO, ClO(-)) electrogenerated from oxidation of chlorides on BDD is much more important in the electrolytic degradation of cyanuric acid than the persulfate and hydroxyl radicals produced by electro-oxidation of sulfate and water on BDD anodes. This could be explained by the high affinity of active chlorine towards nitrogen compounds. No organic intermediates were detected during the electrolytic degradation of cyanuric acid in any the electrolytes, which can be explained by their immediate depletion by hydroxyl radicals produced on the BDD surface. Nitrates and ammonium were the final products of electrolytic degradation of cyanuric acid on BDD anodes in all electrolytes. In addition, small amounts of chloramines were formed in the chloride medium. Low current density (≤10mA/cm(2)) and neutral medium (pH in the range 6-9) should be used for high efficiency electrolytic degradation and negligible formation of hazardous chlorate and perchlorate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Bensalah
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sondos Dbira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, 6072, Zrig, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Bedoui
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, 6072, Zrig, Gabes, Tunisia
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41
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Karunathilaka SR, Farris S, Mossoba MM, Moore JC, Yakes BJ. Characterising variances of milk powder and instrumentation for the development of a non-targeted, Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics detection method for the evaluation of authenticity. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:921-32. [PMID: 27167451 PMCID: PMC4918629 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1188437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to develop rapid tools to screen milk products for economically motivated adulteration. An understanding of the physiochemical variability within skim milk powder (SMP) and non-fat dry milk (NFDM) is the key to establishing the natural differences of these commodities prior to the development of non-targeted detection methods. This study explored the sources of variance in 71 commercial SMP and NFDM samples using Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA) and characterised the largest number of commercial milk powders acquired from a broad number of international manufacturers. Spectral pre-processing using a gap-segment derivative transformation (gap size = 5, segment width = 9, fourth derivative) in combination with sample normalisation was necessary to reduce the fluorescence background of the milk powder samples. PC scores plots revealed no clear trends for various parameters, including day of analysis, powder type, supplier and processing temperatures, while the largest variance was due to irreproducibility in sample positioning. Significant chemical sources of variances were explained by using the spectral features in the PC loadings plots where four samples from the same manufacturer were determined to likely contain an additional component or lactose anomers, and one additional sample was identified as an outlier and likely containing an adulterant or differing quality components. The variance study discussed herein with this large, diverse set of milk powders holds promise for future use as a non-targeted screening method that could be applied to commercial milk powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeewa R. Karunathilaka
- US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Farris
- US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Magdi M. Mossoba
- US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Betsy Jean Yakes
- US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD, USA
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42
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Yang R, Liu R, Dong G, Xu K, Yang Y, Zhang W. Two-dimensional hetero-spectral mid-infrared and near-infrared correlation spectroscopy for discrimination adulterated milk. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 157:50-54. [PMID: 26714285 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for discriminant analysis of adulterated milk is proposed based on two-dimensional (2D) hetero-spectral near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (IR) correlation spectroscopy along with multi-way partial least squares discriminant analysis (NPLS-DA). NIR transmittance spectra and IR attenuated total reflection spectra of pure milk and adulterated milk with level of melamine varying from 0.03 to 3 g·L(-1) were collected at room temperature. The synchronous 2D hetero-spectral IR/NIR correlation spectra of all samples were calculated to build a discriminant model to classify adulterated milk and pure milk. Also, the NPLS-DA models were built based on synchronous 2D homo-spectral NIR/NIR and IR/IR correlation spectra, respectively. Comparison results showed that the NPLS-DA model could provide better results using 2D hetero-spectral IR/NIR correlation spectra than using 2D homo-spectral NIR/NIR and 2D IR/IR correlation spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Yang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guimei Dong
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanrong Yang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
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43
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Chen D, Oezguen N, Urvil P, Ferguson C, Dann SM, Savidge TC. Regulation of protein-ligand binding affinity by hydrogen bond pairing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501240. [PMID: 27051863 PMCID: PMC4820369 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H)-bonds potentiate diverse cellular functions by facilitating molecular interactions. The mechanism and the extent to which H-bonds regulate molecular interactions are a largely unresolved problem in biology because the H-bonding process continuously competes with bulk water. This interference may significantly alter our understanding of molecular function, for example, in the elucidation of the origin of enzymatic catalytic power. We advance this concept by showing that H-bonds regulate molecular interactions via a hitherto unappreciated donor-acceptor pairing mechanism that minimizes competition with water. On the basis of theoretical and experimental correlations between H-bond pairings and their effects on ligand binding affinity, we demonstrate that H-bonds enhance receptor-ligand interactions when both the donor and acceptor have either significantly stronger or significantly weaker H-bonding capabilities than the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water. By contrast, mixed strong-weak H-bond pairings decrease ligand binding affinity due to interference with bulk water, offering mechanistic insight into why indiscriminate strengthening of receptor-ligand H-bonds correlates poorly with experimental binding affinity. Further support for the H-bond pairing principle is provided by the discovery and optimization of lead compounds targeting dietary melamine and Clostridium difficile toxins, which are not realized by traditional drug design methods. Synergistic H-bond pairings have therefore evolved in the natural design of high-affinity binding and provide a new conceptual framework to evaluate the H-bonding process in biological systems. Our findings may also guide wider applications of competing H-bond pairings in lead compound design and in determining the origin of enzymatic catalytic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P. R. China
| | - Numan Oezguen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Petri Urvil
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Sara M. Dann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Tor C. Savidge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lim J, Kim G, Mo C, Kim MS, Chao K, Qin J, Fu X, Baek I, Cho BK. Detection of melamine in milk powders using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with regression coefficient of partial least square regression model. Talanta 2016; 151:183-191. [PMID: 26946026 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Illegal use of nitrogen-rich melamine (C3H6N6) to boost perceived protein content of food products such as milk, infant formula, frozen yogurt, pet food, biscuits, and coffee drinks has caused serious food safety problems. Conventional methods to detect melamine in foods, such as Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), are sensitive but they are time-consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive. In this research, near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging technique combined with regression coefficient of partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was used to detect melamine particles in milk powders easily and quickly. NIR hyperspectral reflectance imaging data in the spectral range of 990-1700nm were acquired from melamine-milk powder mixture samples prepared at various concentrations ranging from 0.02% to 1%. PLSR models were developed to correlate the spectral data (independent variables) with melamine concentration (dependent variables) in melamine-milk powder mixture samples. PLSR models applying various pretreatment methods were used to reconstruct the two-dimensional PLS images. PLS images were converted to the binary images to detect the suspected melamine pixels in milk powder. As the melamine concentration was increased, the numbers of suspected melamine pixels of binary images were also increased. These results suggested that NIR hyperspectral imaging technique and the PLSR model can be regarded as an effective tool to detect melamine particles in milk powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongguk Lim
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoung Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeun Mo
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon S Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Kuanglin Chao
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jianwei Qin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Xiaping Fu
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Insuck Baek
- Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Kaleeswaran P, Nandhini T, Pitchumani K. Naked eye sensing of melamine: aggregation induced recognition by sodium d-gluconate stabilised silver nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03083h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple, cost-effective sodium d-gluconate stabilised Ag NP system was developed and its sensing behavior towards melamine was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanichamy Kaleeswaran
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625021
- India
| | - Thanasekaran Nandhini
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625021
- India
| | - Kasi Pitchumani
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625021
- India
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46
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47
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Yang EY, Shin HS. Simultaneous and quantitative determination of anion biocides in soil by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2015.28.5.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Fan Y, Ma X, Li Z, Chen M. Fast Derivatization Followed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Detection of Melamine, Ammeline, Ammelide, and Cyanuric Acid in Fish and Shrimp. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Soomro RA, Hallam KR, Ibupoto ZH, Tahira A, Jawaid S, Hussain Sherazi ST, Sirajjuddin S, Willander M. A highly selective and sensitive electrochemical determination of melamine based on succinic acid functionalized copper oxide nanostructures. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the development of a highly selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of melamine from aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razium Ali Soomro
- Interface Analysis Centre
- School of Physics
- University of Bristol
- Bristol
- UK
| | | | | | - Aneela Tahira
- Dr M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry
- University of Sindh
- Jamshoro
- Pakistan
| | - Sana Jawaid
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry
- University of Sindh
- Jamshoro
- Pakistan
| | | | | | - Magnus Willander
- Department of Science and Technology
- Campus Norrkoping
- Linkoping University
- SE-60174 Norrkoping
- Sweden
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50
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Tittlemier SA, Lau BPY, Ménard C, Corrigan C, Sparling M, Gaertner D, Cao XL, Dabeka B. Baseline levels of melamine in food items sold in Canada. I. Dairy products and soy-based dairy replacement products. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2014; 3:135-9. [PMID: 24779566 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.502654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of dairy and soy-based dairy replacement products (n = 246) purchased from Canadian retail outlets were analysed for baseline levels of melamine (MEL) using a sensitive LC-MS/MS method (method quantification limit = 4 µg/kg). MEL was infrequently detected; only 14% of the items analysed contained quantifiable levels of MEL. The concentrations observed, aside from one recalled sample of candy, ranged from 0.00435 to 0.276 mg/kg, and were at least 10 times lower than the 2.5 mg/kg interim standard for melamine in products containing milk and milk-derived ingredients established by Health Canada. The consumption of foods containing these low levels of MEL does not constitute a health risk for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A Tittlemier
- a Food Research Division , Banting Research Centre 2203D, Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada, K1A 0L2
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