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Chapp AD, Shan Z, Chen QH. Acetic Acid: An Underestimated Metabolite in Ethanol-Induced Changes in Regulating Cardiovascular Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:139. [PMID: 38397737 PMCID: PMC10886048 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetic acid is a bioactive short-chain fatty acid produced in large quantities from ethanol metabolism. In this review, we describe how acetic acid/acetate generates oxidative stress, alters the function of pre-sympathetic neurons, and can potentially influence cardiovascular function in both humans and rodents after ethanol consumption. Our recent findings from in vivo and in vitro studies support the notion that administration of acetic acid/acetate generates oxidative stress and increases sympathetic outflow, leading to alterations in arterial blood pressure. Real-time investigation of how ethanol and acetic acid/acetate modulate neural control of cardiovascular function can be conducted by microinjecting compounds into autonomic control centers of the brain and measuring changes in peripheral sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in response to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Chapp
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhiying Shan
- Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA;
| | - Qing-Hui Chen
- Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA;
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Luo L, Wang Y, Hou H, Liu Q, Xie Z, Wu Q, Shu X. Application of myocardial work in predicting adverse events among patients with resistant hypertension. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:353. [PMID: 38053210 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is the most common chronic disease and the leading risk factor for disability and premature deaths worldwide. Approximately 10-20% of all patients with hypertension and 15-18% of the general population who are treated for hypertension have resistant hypertension (RH). Patients with RH have a higher risk of end-organ damage, such as carotid intima-media thickening, retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, impaired renal function, and death than those with controlled blood pressure. In the present study, we applied echocardiography to patients with RH to evaluate myocardial work (MW) and determine whether it is predictive for the occurrence of adverse events within 3 years. METHODS We included 283 outpatients and inpatients aged ≥ 18 years who met the clinical criteria for RH, without arrhythmia and severe aortic valve stenosis, between July 2018 and June 2019. The patients were followed up for 3 years from starting enrollment, and any adverse event that occurred during the period was used as the observation end point. Each enrolled patient underwent a complete transthoracic echocardiogram examination, blood pressure was measured and recorded, and MW was then analyzed. RESULTS Eighty-two (28.98%) patients with RH had adverse events, such as myocardial infarction (n = 29, 35.36%), heart failure (n = 4, 0.05%), renal insufficiency (n = 40, 48.78%), renal failure (n = 2, 0.02%), cerebral infarction (n = 5, 0.06%), and cerebral hemorrhage (n = 2, 0.02%), and no death events occurred. In patients with RH and adverse events, global longitudinal strain (GLS) (- 16% vs. - 18%), the global work index (2079 mmHg% vs. 2327 mmHg%), global constructive work (2321 mmHg% vs. 2610 mmHg%), and global work efficiency (93% vs. 94%) were lower than those in patients without adverse events. However, global wasted work (GWW) was higher in patients with RH and adverse events than in those without adverse events (161 mmHg% vs. 127 mmHg%). GLS and GWW were the most significant in predicting adverse events. CONCLUSIONS MW, especially GLS and GWW, is a good method to predict 3-year adverse events in patients with RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Luo
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Municipal Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Yongshi Wang
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Municipal Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Hou
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Municipal Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Municipal Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zehan Xie
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Municipal Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaoyan Wu
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Municipal Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianhong Shu
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Municipal Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Di Federico S, Filippini T, Whelton PK, Cecchini M, Iamandii I, Boriani G, Vinceti M. Alcohol Intake and Blood Pressure Levels: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies. Hypertension 2023; 80:1961-1969. [PMID: 37522179 PMCID: PMC10510850 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption may increase blood pressure but the details of the relationship are incomplete, particularly for the association at low levels of alcohol consumption, and no meta-analyses are available for nonexperimental cohort studies. METHODS We performed a systematic search of longitudinal studies in healthy adults that reported on the association between alcohol intake and blood pressure. Our end points were the mean differences over time of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), plotted according to baseline alcohol intake, by using a dose-response 1-stage meta-analytic methodology. RESULTS Seven studies, with 19 548 participants and a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range, 4-12 years), were included in the analysis. We observed a substantially linear positive association between baseline alcohol intake and changes over time in SBP and DBP, with no suggestion of an exposure-effect threshold. Overall, average SBP was 1.25 and 4.90 mm Hg higher for 12 or 48 grams of daily alcohol consumption, compared with no consumption. The corresponding differences for DBP were 1.14 and 3.10 mm Hg. Subgroup analyses by sex showed an almost linear association between baseline alcohol intake and SBP changes in both men and women, and for DBP in men while in women we identified an inverted U-shaped association. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with blood pressure changes in both Asians and North Americans, apart from DBP in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the association between alcohol consumption and SBP is direct and linear with no evidence of a threshold for the association, while for DBP the association is modified by sex and geographic location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Federico
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences (S.D.F., T.F., M.C., I.I., M.V.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences (S.D.F., T.F., M.C., I.I., M.V.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, CA (T.F.)
| | - Paul K. Whelton
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (P.K.W.)
| | - Marta Cecchini
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences (S.D.F., T.F., M.C., I.I., M.V.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Inga Iamandii
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences (S.D.F., T.F., M.C., I.I., M.V.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences (G.B.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences (S.D.F., T.F., M.C., I.I., M.V.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.V.)
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Wang Y, Yao Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Wu Y, Fu C, Wang N, Liu T, Xu K. Association between Drinking Patterns and Incident Hypertension in Southwest China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073801. [PMID: 35409487 PMCID: PMC8997936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on a prospective cohort study of adults from southwest China with heterogeneity in their demographical characteristics and lifestyles, we aimed to explore the association between drinking patterns and incident hypertension under the interaction of these confounding factors. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Subgroup analysis was performed according to sex, ethnicity, area, occupation, smoking, and exercise to compare the differences in the association between drinking patterns and the incidence of hypertension. Blood pressure was higher in participants with a high drinking frequency than those with a low drinking frequency (p < 0.001). We found that total drinking frequency, liquor drinking frequency, rice wine drinking frequency, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Compared with the non-drinking group, a heavy drinking pattern was positively correlated with hypertension. Drinking can increase the risk of hypertension, especially heavy drinking patterns, with a high frequency of alcohol intake and high alcohol consumption. From the analysis results of the longitudinal data, drinking alcohol is still an important risk factor for hypertension among Chinese subjects, especially for men, the rural population, the employed, the Han nationality, smokers, and certain exercise populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Yuntong Yao
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (C.F.); (N.W.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanli Wu
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chaowei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (C.F.); (N.W.)
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (C.F.); (N.W.)
| | - Tao Liu
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (K.X.); Tel./Fax: +86-138-8504-9099 (T.L.); +86-177-1739-3652 (K.X.)
| | - Kelin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (K.X.); Tel./Fax: +86-138-8504-9099 (T.L.); +86-177-1739-3652 (K.X.)
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The longitudinal associations between trajectory of and quantity of alcohol consumption and subsequent changes in blood pressure levels among non-hypertensive adults. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1380-1388. [PMID: 33441197 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Given the dynamic characteristic of an individual's drinking behaviours, comprehensive consideration of alcohol consumption variation using repeated measures may improve insight into the nature of its association with blood pressure (BP) change. We examined the association between longitudinal alcohol consumption (trajectory and quantity) and changes in BP and pulse pressure (PP) among Korean aged ≥ 40 years living in rural areas. Totally, 1682 hypertension-free participants who completed all three health examinations (median, 5·3 years) were included. All three visits were used to determine the cumulative trajectory of and quantity of alcohol consumption and the latest two visits and the last visit were used for the recent trajectory and the most recent quantity of alcohol consumption, respectively. Changes in BP and PP from the baseline to the third visit were used as outcome. In men, ≥30 ml/d cumulative average alcohol consumption was associated with the greatest increase in systolic BP (SBP) in both baseline outcome-unadjusted (2·9 mmHg, P = 0·032) and -adjusted models (3·6 mmHg, P = 0·001), and the given association for the most recent alcohol consumption was observed in the baseline outcome-adjusted model (3·9 mmHg, P = 0·003). For PP, similar associations were observed only in the baseline outcome-adjusted model. No meaningful associations in diastolic BP in men and any BP or PP in women existed. The quantity of alcohol consumption rather than the trajectory may be significantly related to raised SBP, and a possible short-term influence of the most recent alcohol consumption may exist when baseline SBP is adjusted in men.
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Kim SS, Park S, Jin HS. Interaction between ALDH2 rs671 and life habits affects the risk of hypertension in Koreans: A STROBE observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26664. [PMID: 34260573 PMCID: PMC8284761 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is associated with the risk of hypertension, and the effects of lifestyle factors on blood pressure vary according to genotype. Among the Han Chinese, the risk of hypertension is lower in the group with the rs671 A allele than in the group with the G allele, and there is a significant association between the frequency of fried food consumption and hypertension. However, the A allele significantly increases the risk of hypertension with increased fried food intake. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism and complex lifestyle habits (fried food consumption and exercise) on hypertension.rs671 polymorphisms of ALDH2 were examined using Korean genome and epidemiology data from 8157 hypertensive cases and 9550 controls. Further, we investigated whether the A allele is protective against hypertension in Koreans and explored the effect of the combination of fried food intake and exercise habits on hypertension by genotype.The genotype frequencies of rs671, which is specific to East Asia, were 2.51% AA, 26.66% GA, and 70.83% GG in the Korean population. The group with inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 had a low odds ratio [OR = 0.75 (95% CI:0.69-0.80), P = 4.35 × 10-14] of hypertension, and low metabolism of acetaldehyde. Subjects carrying the A allele exhibited an increased risk of hypertension with increased fried food intake without exercise [OR = 2.256 (95% CI:1.094-4.654), P = .028].ALDH2 polymorphism and complex lifestyle habits (fried food consumption and exercise) are associated with the risk of hypertension. Further, the A allele is associated with a low risk of hypertension, but it increases the risk of hypertension as fried food intake without exercise increases.
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Association between the incidence of hypertension and alcohol consumption pattern and the alcohol flushing response: A 12-year follow-up study. Alcohol 2020; 89:43-48. [PMID: 32702501 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is associated with hypertension, and this association depends on the alcohol consumption pattern and alcohol flushing response. In this 12-year follow-up study, we investigated the relationship between the alcohol consumption pattern and incidence of hypertension in the Korean population. METHODS We analyzed 1,366 Korean participants in the Ansung-Ansan cohort study without hypertension at baseline. The subjects were classified into four alcohol consumption patterns: never-drinking, light alcohol consumption, moderate alcohol consumption, and heavy alcohol consumption, and as flushers or non-flushers in response to alcohol. RESULTS In flushers, moderate and heavy alcohol consumption patterns increased the risk of incident hypertension compared with never-drinkers [moderate: HR 1.811 (95% CI 1.084-3.028); heavy: HR 2.494 (95% CI 1.185-5.247)], but non-flushers were not associated with increased risk of incident hypertension according to the alcohol consumption pattern. In addition, a heavy alcohol consumption pattern increased the risk of hypertension among flushers compared with non-flushers [HR 2.232 (95% CI 1.054-4.728)]. CONCLUSION In this 12-year follow-up study, we observed that moderate and heavy alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in flushers. Especially, a heavy alcohol consumption pattern in flushers markedly increased the risk of hypertension.
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Jung MH, Shin ES, Ihm SH, Jung JG, Lee HY, Kim CH. The effect of alcohol dose on the development of hypertension in Asian and Western men: systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:906-916. [PMID: 31795024 PMCID: PMC7373951 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There are inconsistencies in the effects of low to moderate dose alcohol consumption on the development of hypertension in adult men. We hypothesized that a region-specific effect might participate in this heterogeneity. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of alcohol dose on hypertension incidence using contemporary data through December 2017. Subjects were categorized according to their level of alcohol consumption as non-drinkers (reference) and low- (0.01 to 20.0 g/day), moderate- (20.1 to 40.0 g/day), moderate- to high- (40.1 to 60.0 g/day), and high-dose (> 60.0 g/day) drinkers. We defined hypertension as a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg and/or the use of anti-hypertensive drugs. RESULTS In total, 11 articles (seven Asian and four Western) were selected for our analysis. Among Asian men, a significantly elevated risk was observed even in the low alcohol dose group in comparison with the group with no alcohol consumption, and the risk increased in a dose-dependent manner (pooled relative risks [95% confidence intervals (CI)]: 1.25 [1.13 to 1.38], 1.48 [1.27 to 1.72], 1.75 [1.43 to 2.15], and 1.78 [1.51 to 2.09]). Among Western men, a similar dose-response relationship was noted in general (p for subgroup difference > 0.1), but a significantly elevated risk was evident only in the high-dose group (pooled relative risks [95% CI]: 1.22 [0.85 to 1.74], 1.57 [0.90 to 2.75], 1.47 [0.44 to 4.91], and 1.49 [1.02 to 2.18]). CONCLUSION Even low doses of alcohol can lead to the development of hypertension, particularly in Asian men. Our findings could serve as additional evidence for developing an appropriate preventive strategy in each region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyang Jung
- Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ein-Soon Shin
- Research Agency for Clinical Practice Guidelines, KAMS Research Center, Korean Academy of Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Sang-Hyun Ihm, M.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 327 Sosa-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14647, Korea Tel: +82-32-340-7027, Fax: +82-32-340-2669, E-mail:
| | - Jin-Gyu Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Sessa B, Sakal C, O'Brien S, Nutt D. First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder: preliminary data on the first four participants. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/7/e230109. [PMID: 31308191 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the preliminary data in an ongoing open-label safety and tolerability proof of concept study exploring the potential role for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy in treating patients with alcohol use disorder. At this stage, seven participants have completed the full 8-week MDMA-assisted psychotherapy course, including two therapy sessions each with MDMA. This paper focuses on the safety and tolerability of the therapeutic course for the first four participants to complete treatment. Longer-term outcomes of drinking behaviour will be presented later when the full project data are published. Results show all four participants have successfully tolerated the treatment. There have been no serious adverse events related to MDMA, no unexpected physiological responses to the MDMA sessions or changes to blood results or electrocardiograms, measured before and after the 8-week course. We conclude that the treatment is well- tolerated and are making plans to expand the project into a randomised placebo-controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sessa
- Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Sakal
- Department of Medicine, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bath, UK
| | - Steve O'Brien
- Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Xiao X, Wang W, Sa R, Qiu L, Liu F. The Investigation of Sex Differences in the Effect of Body Mass Index. Int J Hypertens 2019; 2019:1360328. [PMID: 31057957 PMCID: PMC6463587 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1360328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many researches regarding risk factors for hypertension have been reported, little information is known about the effect of BMI on the prevalence of hypertension considering sex differences. The aim of this study was to examine the sex difference in the prevalence of hypertension with the predicting indicator BMI. A total number of 6330 subjects in Shaanxi were examined using multivariable logistic regression to study the relationship between genders in different levels of BMI and prevalence of hypertension. Overall, females had a higher prevalence of hypertension than males, being 28.36% and 21.55%, respectively. The mean of blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension increased as BMI getting larger. The result of multivariable logistic regression showed that obese and overweight males had higher risk of getting hypertension than their female counterparts. Further prevention of hypertension should be focused on obese and overweight males more than females and examining the mechanism of how sex differences influence the prevalence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention. No. 3 Jiandong Street, Beilin District, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention. No. 3 Jiandong Street, Beilin District, Xi'an, China
| | - Rina Sa
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention. No. 3 Jiandong Street, Beilin District, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention. No. 3 Jiandong Street, Beilin District, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention. No. 3 Jiandong Street, Beilin District, Xi'an, China
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Adachi H. Impact of Heavy Alcohol Consumption on Impaired Endothelial Function. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:1028-9. [PMID: 27052785 PMCID: PMC5090808 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Adachi
- Department of Community Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
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Hu M, Wan Y, Yu L, Yuan J, Ma Y, Hou B, Jiang X, Shang L. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and associated risk factors among adults in Xi'an, China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4709. [PMID: 27559980 PMCID: PMC5400347 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, and the associated risk factors among adults in Xi'an, China.From October to December 2013, participants in Xi'an, China were recruited for the study by using a multiple-stage sampling method. A self-developed questionnaire with an additional health examination was used to collect data on the history of hypertension diagnosis and antihypertensive medication. The status on prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were analyzed and related risk factors were identified by using logistic regression analysis.A total of 8193 participants were included with an overall prevalence of hypertension of 20.4%. Among the hypertensive participants, 63.7% were aware of their conditions, 47.3% took antihypertensive medication, and 17.8% had their blood pressure (BP) controlled within 140/90 mm Hg. More complications and less frequent BP measurements were associated with hypertension. Older participants, non-drinkers, and those with more complications and more frequent BP measurements were more aware of their hypertension. Being older, living in an urban area, and having more frequent BP measurements were all factors for better treatment. Participants who were women, living in an urban area, with a higher educational level and who were not obese were more likely to have their hypertension controlled.The prevalence of hypertension among adults in Xi'an is high with suboptimal low awareness, treatment, and control rates. Further comprehensive integrated strategies based on these risk factors should be taken into account in order to improve the prevention, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Xi’an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
- Department of Health Statistics
| | - Yi Wan
- Department of Health Service, School of Public Health
| | - Lifen Yu
- Xi’an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
- Department of Health Statistics
| | | | | | - Bin Hou
- Xi’an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Xun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Correspondence: Lei Shang, Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle West Road, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China (e-mail: ); Xun Jiang, Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China (e-mail: )
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Health Statistics
- Correspondence: Lei Shang, Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle West Road, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China (e-mail: ); Xun Jiang, Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China (e-mail: )
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Wakabayashi M, McKetin R, Banwell C, Yiengprugsawan V, Kelly M, Seubsman SA, Iso H, Sleigh A. Alcohol consumption patterns in Thailand and their relationship with non-communicable disease. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1297. [PMID: 26704520 PMCID: PMC4690366 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) but few studies have investigated drinking and disease risk in middle income, non-western countries. We report on the relationship between alcohol consumption and NCDs in Thailand. METHODS A nationwide cross sectional survey was conducted of 87,151 Thai adult open university students aged 15 to 87 years (mean age 30.5 years) who were recruited into the Thai Cohort Study. Participants were categorized as never having drunk alcohol (n = 22,527), as being occasional drinkers who drank infrequently but heavily (4+ glasses/occasion - occasional heavy drinkers, n = 24,152) or drank infrequently and less heavily (<4 glasses/occasion - occasional light drinkers, n = 26,861). Current regular drinkers were subdivided into those who either drank heavily (4 + glasses per occasion - regular heavy drinkers, n = 3,675) or those who drank less (<4 glasses/occasion -regular light drinkers, n = 490). There were 7,548 ex-drinkers in the study. Outcomes were lifetime diagnoses of self-reported NCDs and obesity (body mass index ≥ 25). RESULTS Most women were never drinkers (40 % among females) or occasional light drinkers (39 %), in contrast to men (11 % and 22 %, respectively). Alcohol consumption was associated with urban in-migration and other recognized risks for NCDs (sedentary lifestyle and poor diet). After adjustment for these factors the odds ratios (ORs) for several NCDs outcomes - high cholesterol, hypertension, and liver disease - were significantly elevated among both occasional heavy drinkers (1.2 to 1.5) and regular heavy drinkers (1.5 to 2.0) relative to never drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Heavy alcohol consumption of 4 or more glasses per occasion, even if the occasions were infrequent, was associated with elevated risk of NCDs in Thailand. These results highlight the need for strategies in Thailand to reduce the quantity of alcohol consumed to prevent alcohol-related disease. Thailand is fortunate that most of the female population is culturally protected from drinking and this national public good should be endorsed and supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Wakabayashi
- Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Rebecca McKetin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Cathy Banwell
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Vasoontara Yiengprugsawan
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew Kelly
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sam-ang Seubsman
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- School of Human Ecology, The Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Bankgok, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Adrian Sleigh
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Ota M, Hisada A, Lu X, Nakashita C, Masuda S, Katoh T. Associations between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genetic polymorphisms, drinking status, and hypertension risk in Japanese adult male workers: a case-control study. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 21:1-8. [PMID: 26318866 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-015-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to identify associations between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), alcohol consumption, and hypertension in Japanese men. METHODS The study participants were 1,225 male Japanese workers. We collected lifestyle information, body measurements, blood biochemical parameters, blood pressure measurements, and ALDH2 genotyping data during medical examinations conducted between March 2004 and January 2005 at a work facility and an affiliated company. Lifestyle data on alcohol intake and smoking were collected using self-administered questionnaires at the same time as when the aforementioned measurements were obtained. RESULTS The genotype frequencies of ALDH2 genetic polymorphisms were 62.6, 32.7, and 4.7% for *1/*1, *1/*2, and *2/*2, respectively. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the *1/*2 or *2/*2 group were significantly lower than those in the *1/*1 group (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) for blood pressure according to ALDH2 genetic polymorphism revealed that the amount of daily alcohol intake affected systolic blood pressure in participants who harbored the ALDH2 genetic polymorphism *1/*2 or *2/*2. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between alcohol intake and ALDH2 genetic polymorphisms might affect systolic blood pressure in adult male workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Ota
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Department of Nursing, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi, Kitaku, Kumamoto, 861-5598, Japan.
| | - Aya Hisada
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakashita
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shouta Masuda
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahiko Katoh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Liu Y, Lou YQ, Liu K, Liu JL, Wang ZG, Wen J, Zhao Q, Wen SJ, Xiao L. Role of leptin receptor gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to the development of essential hypertension: a case-control association study in a Northern Han Chinese population. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 28:551-6. [PMID: 24522342 PMCID: PMC4133281 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2013.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the potential association between the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension (EH) risk in the Northern Han Chinese population, we recruited 823 hypertensive subjects and 491 healthy control subjects from the Northern Han Chinese. Genotyping was performed to identify the Lys109Arg, Gln223Arg and Lys656Asn polymorphisms of the LEPR gene. Significant associations were found in a dominant genetic model ([GG+AG] vs AA), P=0.007, odds ratio (OR)=3.697, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.442–9.482), and in homozygote comparison (GG vs AA, P=0.005, OR=3.890, 95% CI 1.501–10.077) for the Gln223Arg polymorphism. No significant association could be found between Lys109Arg or Lys656Asn polymorphism and EH risk. Linkage disequilibrium was detected between the Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg polymorphisms, and haplotype analyses identified that the G-A haplotype was a protective haplotype for EH. Our studies demonstrated that the LEPR Gln223Arg polymorphism had an important role in a patient's susceptibility to EH in the Northern Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Q Lou
- 1] Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, PR China [2] Department of Pulmonary Disease, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - K Liu
- Emergency Department, China MeiTan General Hospital, National Mining Medical Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - J L Liu
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Z G Wang
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - J Wen
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Q Zhao
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA [2] Department of Medicine & Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S J Wen
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - L Xiao
- Department of Medicine & Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Otsuka T, Kato K, Ibuki C, Kodani E, Kusama Y, Kawada T. Does subjective evaluation of the frequency of salty food intake predict the risk of incident hypertension? A 4-year follow-up study in a middle-aged population. Intern Med J 2013; 43:1316-21. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Otsuka
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kato
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - C. Ibuki
- Cardiovascular Center; Nippon Medical School Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - E. Kodani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology; Nippon Medical School Tama-Nagayama Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kusama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology; Nippon Medical School Tama-Nagayama Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
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Suzuki H, Hikiji W, Tanifuji T, Abe N, Fukunaga T. Medicolegal death of homeless persons in Tokyo Metropolis over 12years (1999–2010). Leg Med (Tokyo) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Briasoulis A, Agarwal V, Messerli FH. Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Hypertension in Men and Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2012; 14:792-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Cai L, Liu A, Zhang L, Li S, Wang P. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adults in Beijing, China. Clin Exp Hypertens 2011; 34:45-52. [PMID: 21967022 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2011.618206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine the up-to-date prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, and their related influencing factors in adults in Beijing, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008. A total of 5760 adults aged 18-79 years were selected from the general population. Data from a standardized questionnaire, physical examination, and blood sample were obtained. The prevalence of hypertension was 35.5% (41.8% in men, 30.9% in women) and increased with age in both sexes. The prevalence was similarly high in urban (35.6%) and in rural (34.9%) areas. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were independently associated with hypertension. Participants with diabetes and/or dyslipidemia had higher prevalence of hypertension than their counterparts. Among hypertensive patients, 42.5% were aware of the diagnosis, 35.9% received treatment, and 11.8% had hypertension control. Awareness and treatment of hypertension were low in men, young people, and rural residents. Control of hypertension was lower in older people and those with lower educational attainment. High waist circumference (central obesity) resulted in low control of hypertension (odds ratio = 0.45). Our findings underscore the urgent need to develop a comprehensive health strategy for the prevention, detection, and control of hypertension to avert the cardiovascular disease epidemic in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, PR China
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20
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Casas-Agustench P, López-Uriarte P, Ros E, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Nuts, hypertension and endothelial function. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21 Suppl 1:S21-S33. [PMID: 21546229 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High blood pressure (BP) is considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Among lifestyle factors, diet plays a key role in the prevention and control of high BP. Therefore, it is important to elucidate which dietary components can exert beneficial effects on BP through modulation of endothelial function (EF) or by other mechanisms. In this paper we review the role of nutrients, foods, particularly nuts, and dietary patterns on BP control. DATA SYNTHESIS Because nuts are low in sodium and contain significant amounts of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, minerals such as magnesium, potassium and calcium, and antioxidants, they have been suggested as potentially protective foods against hypertension. Limited evidence from prospective studies and clinical trials suggests that nut consumption has a beneficial effect on both BP and EF. However, BP changes were a secondary outcome in nut feeding trials and no study used ambulatory BP monitoring as the standard for BP measurements. CONCLUSIONS Further clinical trials, ideally using ambulatory BP monitoring, are needed to establish the potential protective effect of nut consumption on hypertension and vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Casas-Agustench
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Nanjo Y, Adachi H, Hirai Y, Enomoto M, Fukami A, Otsuka M, Yoshikawa K, Yokoi K, Ogata K, Tsukagawa E, Kasahara A, Murayama K, Yasukawa H, Kojima M, Imaizumi T. Factors associated with plasma ghrelin level in Japanese general population. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 74:453-8. [PMID: 21092051 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ghrelin is a novel gastric peptide identified in 1999 as a 'hunger hormone'. Plasma ghrelin level is decreased in human obesity. Factors associated with ghrelin have been mainly investigated in western countries where the prevalence of obesity is high. The aim of this study is to examine factors associated with plasma ghrelin in a Japanese general population where obesity is not so common. METHODS Fasting ghrelin levels were measured by ELISA in 638 subjects in 2005-2007. We measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure. Blood was drawn in the morning after a 12-h fast for determinations of ghrelin, lipid, glucose (FPG), insulin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and uric acid levels. Univariate and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to find out factors associated with ghrelin. RESULTS In our population, the mean BMI was 23·8 kg/m(2) , indicating a nonobese population. Results of univariate analysis showed that age (P<0·001), BMI (P<0·001), waist (P<0·001), triglycerides (P<0·01), FPG (P<0·01), insulin (P<0·001) and uric acid (P<0·05) were inversely associated with ghrelin. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P<0·001) and eGFR (P<0·05) were positively associated with ghrelin. Men had lower ghrelin levels than women (P<0·001). Results of the multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that age (P<0·001; inversely), female gender (P<0·001), insulin (P<0·001; inversely), HDL cholesterol (P=0·005), BMI (P=0·01; inversely) and uric acid (P=0·045; inversely) were significantly and independently associated with ghrelin. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that age and gender affected plasma ghrelin levels more than BMI. This may well be because of the low prevalence of overweight in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Nanjo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan
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Sesso HD. Alcohol as a Risk Factor and Treatment Target for Hypertension. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-010-0119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Halanych JH, Safford MM, Kertesz SG, Pletcher MJ, Kim YI, Person SD, Lewis CE, Kiefe CI. Alcohol consumption in young adults and incident hypertension: 20-year follow-up from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171:532-9. [PMID: 20118194 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation between alcohol consumption and incident hypertension is unclear, and most observational studies have not accounted for socioeconomic factors. This study examined the association between alcohol consumption in a diverse group of young adults and incident hypertension over 20 years. Participants (n = 4,711) were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study cohort, recruited in 1985 (aged 18-30 years) from Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Oakland, California. The 20-year incidence of hypertension for never, former, light, moderate, and at-risk drinkers was 25.1%, 31.8%, 20.9%, 22.2%, and 18.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). Race, gender, age, family history of hypertension, body mass index, income, education, and difficulty paying for basics and medical care were associated with hypertension. Adjustment using Cox proportional hazard models revealed no association between baseline alcohol consumption and incident hypertension, except among European-American women in whom any current alcohol consumption was associated with lower risk of incident hypertension. The lack of association between alcohol and hypertension in the majority of this socioeconomically diverse cohort is not definitive. Future studies should include social factors, such as income and education, and consider additional characteristics that may modify or confound associations between alcohol and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewell H Halanych
- University of Alabama at Birmingham,Birmingham, Alabama 35294-4410, USA.
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Fan AZ, Mallawaarachchi DSV, Gilbertz D, Li Y, Mokdad AH. Lifestyle behaviors and receipt of preventive health care services among hypertensive Americans aged 45 years or older in 2007. Prev Med 2010; 50:138-42. [PMID: 20006640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE.: The aim of the study was to explore opportunities for more effective interventions on lifestyle modifications among hypertensives. METHODS.: Using 2007 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from the United States, we assessed the prevalence of various lifestyle behaviors and receipt of preventive health care services among US adults aged 45 years or older based on hypertension and treatment status (n=218,228). RESULTS.: Compared with nonhypertensives, hypertensives were significantly less likely to engage in recommended levels of physical activity and to be more obese regardless of treatment status. Compared to nonhypertensives, hypertensives on medical treatment were less likely to consume five or more servings of fruit and vegetables per day, be current smokers, and binge drinkers. Hypertensives not on medical treatment were more likely to be current smokers, binge and heavy drinkers. Hypertensives on medical treatment were more likely to have routine health checkup, have blood cholesterol checkup within previous 5 years and have a flu shot within the previous year than hypertensives not on treatment. CONCLUSION.: Different patterns of lifestyle behaviors and use of preventive health care services were found based on treatment status among hypertensives. Intervention programs should be tailored accordingly to achieve optimal outcome on lifestyle modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Z Fan
- Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Kawano Y. Physio-pathological effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system: its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 2010; 33:181-91. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Núñez-Córdoba JM, Martínez-González MA, Bes-Rastrollo M, Toledo E, Beunza JJ, Alonso A. Alcohol consumption and the incidence of hypertension in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN study. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009; 62:633-41. [PMID: 19480759 DOI: 10.1016/s1885-5857(09)72227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To assess prospectively the association between alcohol consumption, including alcoholic beverage preference and days of consumption per week, and the risk of hypertension in a Mediterranean cohort. METHODS We prospectively followed 9,963 Spanish men and women initially without hypertension. Self-reported and validated data on diet and hypertension diagnoses were collected. RESULTS During follow-up (median [interquartile range], 4.2 [2.5-6.1] years), 554 incident cases of hypertension were identified over a total of 43,562 person-years. The hazard ratio for hypertension among those who consumed alcohol on >or=5 days per week was 1.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.7) compared to abstainers. Among those who drank alcohol >or=5 days per week, the hazard ratio for hypertension associated with consuming >or=1 drink per day was 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-2) compared with abstainers. The consumption of beer or spirits, but not wine, was associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The hazard ratio associated with consuming >0.5 drinks of beer or spirits per day was 1.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.99) compared with abstainers. In contrast, there was a nonsignificant inverse association between red wine intake and the risk of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS In this Mediterranean population, the consumption of beer or spirits, but not wine, was associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension. However, the weekly pattern of alcohol consumption did not have a significant impact on the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Núñez-Córdoba
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España.
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Alcohol sensitivity, alcohol use and hypertension in an older Chinese population: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:741-7. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Núñez-Córdoba JM, Martínez-González MA, Bes-Rastrollo M, Toledo E, Beunza JJ, Alonso Á. Consumo de alcohol e incidencia de hipertensión en una cohorte mediterránea: el estudio SUN. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(09)71330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sesso HD, Cook NR, Buring JE, Manson JE, Gaziano JM. Alcohol consumption and the risk of hypertension in women and men. Hypertension 2008; 51:1080-7. [PMID: 18259032 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy alcohol intake increases the risk of hypertension, but the relationship between light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and incident hypertension remains controversial. We prospectively followed 28 848 women from the Women's Health Study and 13 455 men from the Physicians' Health Study free of baseline hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Self-reported lifestyle and clinical risk factors were collected. In women, total alcohol intake was summed from liquor, red wine, white wine, and beer; men reported total alcohol intake from a single combined question. During 10.9 and 21.8 years of follow-up, 8680 women and 6012 men developed hypertension (defined as new physician diagnosis, antihypertensive treatment, reported systolic blood pressure >or=140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure >or=90 mm Hg). In women, we found a J-shaped association between alcohol intake and hypertension in age- and lifestyle-adjusted models. Adding potential intermediates (body mass index, diabetes, and high cholesterol) attenuated the benefits of alcohol in the light-to-moderate range and strengthened the adverse effects of heavy alcohol intake. Beverage-specific relative risks paralleled those for total alcohol intake. In men, alcohol intake was positively and significantly associated with the risk of hypertension and persisted after multivariate adjustment. Models stratified by baseline systolic blood pressure (<120 versus >or=120 mm Hg) or diastolic blood pressure (<75 versus >or=75 mm Hg) did not alter the relative risks in women and men. In conclusion, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption decreased hypertension risk in women and increased risk in men. The threshold above which alcohol became deleterious for hypertension risk emerged at >or=4 drinks per day in women versus a moderate level of >or=1 drink per day in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA 02215-1204, USA.
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30
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Sadikot S. A clinical overview: Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this paper is to outline alcohol availability, alcohol consumption and related harm, alcohol control policy and prevention programmes in Japan, few of which have been discussed in either the Japanese or English literature. METHODS Data were collected primarily from the following two sources: statistics and survey results issued by the national government, including surveys funded by the government; and papers published since 2000, identified by searching the MEDLINE and Igaku-Chuo-Zasshi databases. These data were assessed regarding their quality and summarized. Some data presented here were produced specifically for this review. RESULTS Although per capita alcohol consumption has tended to decline for more than 10 years, it has remained at a high level. Diversification of the drinking population has progressed rapidly, specifically in women, among whom alcohol consumption has increased sharply. Cross-sectional data suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with serious health and social consequences. Existing longitudinal data suggest that alcohol-related problems, especially health problems, have increased steadily over the past several decades, with few exceptions, including alcohol-related fatal road traffic accidents. Alcohol policy and prevention programmes have not developed to a level that can control these problems adequately. Specifically, the high availability of alcoholic beverages, including the lack of restrictions on sales and advertising and decreasing prices, are noted. CONCLUSIONS This review provides basic information regarding alcohol availability and alcohol consumption and related harm that may facilitate the improvement of existing alcohol control measures in Japan and encourage the development of new alcohol control measures. This research revealed the scarcity of longitudinal data regarding alcohol consumption and its consequences, and the lack of several important variables, such as disability adjusted life years, for improving our understanding of the comprehensive status of alcohol in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Alcoholism Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Jo SA, Kim EK, Park MH, Han C, Park HY, Jang Y, Song BJ, Jo I. A Glu487Lys polymorphism in the gene for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 is associated with myocardial infarction in elderly Korean men. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 382:43-7. [PMID: 17459359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A homozygous mutant (ALDH2*2/*2) of the gene for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) at codon 487 was reported to be associated with myocardial infarction (MI) among Japanese men. However, such an association has never been studied in a Korean population. METHOD The subjects consisted of 122 men (60-81 y) with MI recruited randomly from Yonsei University Medical Center, Korea. A total of 439 men (60-84 y) without MI were selected as controls from the Ansan Geriatric Study. ALDH2 genotypes were determined using the TaqMan fluorogenic 5' nuclease polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS Genotypes carrying the mutant ALDH2 allele (ALDH2*1/*2 plus ALDH2*2/*2) were significantly more frequent in patients with MI than in the controls (42.6% vs. 30.5%, P=0.0163). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that ALDH2*1/*2 plus ALDH2*2/*2, together with abnormal high density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated body mass index, was an independent risk factor for MI in elderly Korean men (odds ratio=1.976, 95% CI: 1.202-3.248). CONCLUSIONS ALDH2 polymorphisms may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MI in elderly Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmee Ahn Jo
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 194 Tongil-Ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Nakamura K, Okamura T, Hayakawa T, Hozawa A, Kadowaki T, Murakami Y, Kita Y, Okayama A, Ueshima H. The Proportion of Individuals with Alcohol-Induced Hypertension among Total Hypertensives in a General Japanese Population: NIPPON DATA90. Hypertens Res 2007; 30:663-8. [PMID: 17917312 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.30.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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34
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Yoshita K, Miura K, Morikawa Y, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Soyama Y, Suwazono Y, Nogawa K, Nakagawa H. Relationship of alcohol consumption to 7-year blood pressure change in Japanese men. J Hypertens 2005; 23:1485-90. [PMID: 16003174 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000173394.39197.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of alcohol consumption with years-long blood pressure (BP) change, as well as baseline BP, adjusted for potential confounders. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING A metal-products factory in Toyama, Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3900 men aged 20-59 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BP was measured annually for 7 years after the baseline examination. The generalized estimating equation method was used to analyze the relationship of alcohol consumption to baseline BP and average annual BP change, adjusting for age, yearly weight, work-related factors, and lifestyle factors, including the frequency of intake of 22 food groups. RESULTS The baseline systolic BP after multivariate adjustment was 3.9 and 5.0 mmHg higher in drinkers consuming 200-299 and > or = 300 g alcohol/week, respectively, than in non-drinkers (P < 0.001). The annual increase in systolic BP was 0.44 mmHg greater in drinkers consuming > or = 300 g/week than in non-drinkers after adjustment for age and weight change (P < 0.001), where the increase over 7 years was estimated to be 3.08 mmHg greater. Even after being adjusted for the frequency of intake of 22 food groups, drinkers consuming > or = 300 g/week showed a 0.33 mmHg greater annual increase in systolic BP than non-drinkers (P = 0.022). Baseline diastolic BP was significantly associated with alcohol consumption, but annual BP change was not. CONCLUSIONS An alcohol intake > or = 300 g/week was associated with significantly greater annual BP increase, and baseline BP was significantly higher in drinkers consuming > or = 200 g/week. It is necessary to limit alcohol intake to less than 200 g/week to prevent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
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35
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Wildman RP, Gu D, Muntner P, Huang G, Chen J, Duan X, He J. Alcohol intake and hypertension subtypes in Chinese men. J Hypertens 2005; 23:737-43. [PMID: 15775777 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000163141.82212.5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between alcohol intake and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH). DESIGN Cross-sectional study of Chinese adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 5317 Chinese males who were not on antihypertensive medications from a nationally representative sample of Chinese adults aged 35-74 years. ISH was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) >/=140 mmHg and a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 90 mmHg, SDH as a SBP >/= 140 mmHg and DBP >/= 90 mmHg, and IDH as SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP >/= 90 mmHg. Alcohol intake was determined using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and participants were categorized either as non-drinkers (<12 drinks in the prior year) or by tertile of alcohol intake. RESULTS The odds ratios of all three hypertension subtypes were higher at higher levels of alcohol intake, with those in the highest alcohol intake category (>/=30 drinks/week) 2.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.3, 3.0), 2.2 (1.6, 3.1), and 2.1 (1.4, 3.1) times more likely to have ISH, SDH, or IDH, respectively, than non-drinkers. The population attributable risk percentage due to heavy drinking (>/=30 drinks/week) was 13.9% for ISH, 13.4% for SDH, and 12.0% for IDH. Liquor drinking, specifically, was associated with a higher odds ratio of ISH, while SDH and IDH associations did not differ by type of alcoholic beverage. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese males, higher intake of alcohol is associated with higher risk of ISH, SDH, and IDH. Efforts to reduce hypertension in China should include a strong focus on decreasing heavy alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Wildman
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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36
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Puddey IB, Beilin LJ. Alcohol and Hypertension. Hypertension 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7216-0258-5.50135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Funatsu K, Yamashita T, Nakamura H. Effect of Coffee Intake on Blood Pressure in Male Habitual Alcohol Drinkers. Hypertens Res 2005; 28:521-7. [PMID: 16231758 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.28.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many cross-sectional epidemiological studies have revealed that alcohol consumption is closely related to an increase in blood pressure, which is known to be associated with an elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level, rather than to the volume of alcohol consumed. Since recent studies showed that coffee intake is inversely related to serum GGT, we investigated the effect of coffee on blood pressure in habitual alcohol drinkers. A total of 42 male hypertensive or prehypertensive volunteers who consumed alcohol and coffee daily completed this randomized controlled crossover trial. After a 2-week baseline period, these participants were randomly assigned to either a coffee-drinking group or a non-coffee-drinking group for the first 4 weeks. The situation was then reversed for the next 4 weeks. All participants continued their usual alcohol consumption. Blood pressure was measured once a week and compared between the two groups. After 1 week of coffee intake of more than 3 cups per day, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure began to fall slowly, and cessation of coffee intake raised the blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure was lowered by 7-10 mmHg, and diastolic pressure by 3-7 mmHg in 4 weeks. Alcohol consumption of more than 60 ml per day was maintained and there were no lifestyle changes in the participants of either group throughout the study period. Analyses of urine electrolytes and urea nitrogen indicated that there were no significant dietary changes. In conclusion, coffee intake of more than 3 cups per day in hypertensive and prehypertensive men who regularly consume alcohol lowers blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Funatsu
- Mitsukoshi Health and Welfare Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
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Radi S, Lang T, Lauwers-Cancès V, Chatellier G, Fauvel JP, Larabi L, De Gaudemaris R. One-year hypertension incidence and its predictors in a working population: the IHPAF study. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18:487-94. [PMID: 14961044 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE (i). to estimate the yearly incidence rates based on one vs two visits in a working population and (ii). to identify incident hypertension modifiable risk factors. A total of 21566 normotensive subjects were included in a 1-year cohort study. Blood pressure (BP) levels at inclusion and at the second year screening were measured on the basis of two visits, that is, if BP was over 140/90 mmHg in untreated subjects, they were invited to a control visit 1 month later. Height and weight were measured and behavioural risk factors were collected. Among the 17465 subjects who completed the entire protocol (9691 men and 7774 women), 17026 remained normotensive at a 1-year interval and 439 (325 men and 114 women) became hypertensive. Crude yearly incidence rates based on one visit were 6.21% in men and 3.06% in women, compared with 3.04% in men and 1.34% in women when incidence rates were based on two visits, a more than twofold difference. Age and body mass index at baseline were the two major independent determinants of incident hypertension in both genders. Smoking and alcohol consumption were significant risk factors in men but not in women, and a low educational level only in women. BP measurement on separate occasions is necessary to avoid overestimation of incidence. Weight in both genders and alcohol consumption in men were the main modifiable predictors of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Radi
- Département d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Unité INSERM 558, Faculté de Médecine, Toulouse Cedex, France
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Kokaze A, Ishikawa M, Matsunaga N, Yoshida M, Sekine Y, Sekiguchi K, Harada M, Satoh M, Teruya K, Takeda N, Fukazawa S, Uchida Y, Takashima Y. Longevity-associated mitochondrial DNA 5178 A/C polymorphism and blood pressure in the Japanese population. J Hum Hypertens 2003; 18:41-5. [PMID: 14688809 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the mitochondrial DNA 5178 adenine/cytosine (mt5178 A/C) polymorphism, also called NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2-237 methionine/leucine (ND2-237 Met/Leu) polymorphism, may be associated with longevity in Japanese individuals, and that the mt5178A genotype may have an antiatherogenic influence. To determine whether mt5178 A/C polymorphism influences blood pressure, we genotyped 412 healthy Japanese individuals and performed a cross-sectional study investigating the relationship between genotype and blood pressure. In women with mt5178A, the mean diastolic blood pressure was higher than in those with mt5178C by 3.2 mmHg (P=0.040). In men, no statistically significant difference in systolic or diastolic blood pressure was observed between mt5178 A/C genotypes. However, a significant correlation between mt5178 A/C genotypes and the effects of habitual drinking on blood pressure was found. After adjustment for several factors, in men carrying mt5178C, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in daily drinkers than in occasional (P=0.002 and 0.002, respectively) as well as nondrinkers (P<0.001 and 0.001, respectively), whereas in men carrying mt5178A, no significant differences in blood pressure were detected, irrespective of alcohol consumption. These results suggest that mt5178 A/C (=ND2-237 Met/Leu) polymorphism may influence both diastolic blood pressure in Japanese women and the blood-pressure-increasing effect of drinking in Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kokaze
- Department of Public Health, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of lifestyle risk factors such as alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and body mass index (BMI) on the development of chronic kidney disease. METHODS We used a case-control study of 554 hospital cases and 516 age, race, and gender-matched community controls. The main outcome measure was newly-diagnosed chronic kidney disease, assessed by chart review. Self-reported history of alcohol consumption, smoking, and BMI as well as other co-variables were obtained during telephone interviews. Logistic regression models assessed the association between lifestyle risk factors and chronic kidney disease and were adjusted for important co-variables. RESULTS We found no significant associations between alcohol consumption and chronic kidney disease, with the exception of moonshine, which resulted in an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (including all subtypes). The effects of smoking on chronic kidney disease were inconsistent, but pointed to no appreciable excess risk among smokers. Increasing quartiles of BMI were positively and significantly associated with nephrosclerosis (ORs [95% CI]: 2.5 [1.0-6.0], 2.8 [1.2-6.8] and 4.6 [1.8-11.6], for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of BMI, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a significant positive association between BMI and nephrosclerosis. We did not find an increased risk of chronic kidney disease associated with alcohol or cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Vupputuri
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research, Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Frishman WH, Del Vecchio A, Sanal S, Ismail A. Cardiovascular manifestations of substance abuse: part 2: alcohol, amphetamines, heroin, cannabis, and caffeine. HEART DISEASE (HAGERSTOWN, MD.) 2003; 5:253-71. [PMID: 12877759 DOI: 10.1097/01.hdx.0000080713.09303.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The abuse of alcohol is associated with chronic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and arrhythmia. Abstinence or using alcohol in moderation can reverse these cardiovascular problems. Alcohol is also distinguished among the substances of abuse by having possible protective effects against coronary artery disease and stroke when used in moderate amounts. Amphetamines (eg, speed, ice, ecstasy) have many of the cardiovascular toxicities seen with cocaine, including acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Heroin and other opiates can cause arrhythmias and noncardiac pulmonary edema, and may reduce cardiac output. Cardiovascular problems are less common with cannabis (marijuana) than with opiates, but major cognitive disorders may be seen with its chronic use. It is still controversial whether caffeine can cause hypertension and coronary artery disease, and questions have been raised about its safety in patients with heart failure and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Frishman
- Department of Medicine, The New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Suka M, Sugimori H, Yoshida K. Preventive strategy for hypertension based on attributable risk measures. Environ Health Prev Med 2002; 7:79-81. [PMID: 21432268 DOI: 10.1007/bf02897334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2001] [Accepted: 01/04/2002] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effective preventive strategy for hypertension in a Japanese male population, based on attributable risk measures. METHODS A 7-year follow-up study of hypertension among 6,306 middle-aged male office workers in a Japanese telecommunication company. RESULTS In terms of population attributable risk percentage (PAR%), regular alcohol intake and physical inactivity showed great contributions to the development of hypertension in the population no less than obesity. The PAR% of each risk factor varied by age group, and the total PAR% of the three modifiable risk factors was considerably higher in the 30-39 year old group (71%) than in the older groups. CONCLUSIONS Reduced alcohol intake and increased physical activity, as well as weight control, may have a larger impact on prevention of hypertension in younger groups than in older groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machi Suka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Mivamae-ku, 216-8511, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan,
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Franz MJ, Bantle JP, Beebe CA, Brunzell JD, Chiasson JL, Garg A, Holzmeister LA, Hoogwerf B, Mayer-Davis E, Mooradian AD, Purnell JQ, Wheeler M. Evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:148-98. [PMID: 11772915 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.1.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion J Franz
- Nutrition Concepts by Franz, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55439, USA.
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Takagi S, Baba S, Iwai N, Fukuda M, Katsuya T, Higaki J, Mannami T, Ogata J, Goto Y, Ogihara T. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene is a risk factor for hypertension in Japanese but does not alter the sensitivity to pressor effects of alcohol: the Suita study. Hypertens Res 2001; 24:365-70. [PMID: 11510748 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.24.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a potent risk factor for high blood pressure. About half of Japanese show an extremely high sensitivity to alcohol, which is due to a genetic deficiency in an isoenzyme of aldehydede-hydrogenase with a low Km (ALDH2). It is possible that the effects of alcohol consumption on blood pressure differ according to the ALDH2 genotype. The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of the ALDH2 genotype on the pressor effects of alcohol. The influence of the ALDH2 genotype on blood pressure was investigated in a large cohort (4,000 subjects) representing the general population in Japan. The genotype was determined by the TaqMan method. The genotype was significantly associated with alcohol consumption, gamma-GTP level, and HDL cholesterol level in both males and females. The odds ratio for the presence of hypertension for the Glu/Glu genotype in comparison to other genotypes was 1.67 (p< 0.0001, odds ratio=1.37-2.08, 95% confidence interval) among males. In contrast, the ALDH2 genotype had no significant effects on blood pressure among females. To investigate whether the ALDH2 genotype affected the sensitivity to the pressor effects of alcohol, we analyzed the effects of the ALDH2 genotype (Lys/Lys+Lys/Glu=0, Glu/Glu=1) and the level of alcohol consumption on blood pressure values after adjusting for age and BMI (residuals after adjusting for age and BMI). Among males, while the level of alcohol consumption significantly affected systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure, no significant interaction was observed between the ALDH2 genotype and the level of alcohol consumption in determining blood pressure levels. These results suggest that the Glu/Glu genotype is a potent risk factor for hypertension among males mainly through its association with the level of alcohol consumption, and that the ALDH2 genotype does not affect the sensitivity to the pressor effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takagi
- National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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45
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Nakanishi N, Yoshida H, Nakamura K, Suzuki K, Tatara K. Alcohol consumption and risk for hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men. J Hypertens 2001; 19:851-5. [PMID: 11393666 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200105000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of alcohol intake with development of hypertension. DESIGN Longitudinal study (followed from 1990 to 1999). SETTING Work site in Osaka, Japan. PARTICIPANTS Japanese male office workers (n = 1,310) hypertension-free, with systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 90 mmHg, no medication for hypertension, and no past history of hypertension, 30 to 59 years of age at study entry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incidence of hypertension. RESULTS After controlling for potential predictors of hypertension, the relative risk for hypertension (SBP 140 mmHg or greater and/or DBP 90 mmHg or greater or receipt of antihypertensive medication) compared with non-drinkers was 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05 to 2.19] for persons who drank 0.1 to 22.9 g/day of ethanol, 1.81 (95% CI, 1.29 to 2.54) for those who drank 23.0 to 45.9 g/day of ethanol, 2.12 (95% CI, 1.53 to 2.94) for those who drank 46.0 to 68.9 g/day of ethanol, and 2.48 (95% CI, 1.75 to 3.52) for those who drank > or = 69.0 g/day of ethanol (for trend, P < 0.001). The relative risk for hypertension in current drinkers versus non-drinkers was stronger among men with a body mass index (BMI) less than 24.2 kg/m2 than among men with a BMI 24.2 kg/m2 or more, although the absolute risk was greater in more obese men. CONCLUSIONS The risk for hypertension increased in a dose-dependent manner as alcohol intake increased in middle-aged Japanese men. The increased relative risk for hypertension associated with alcohol was more pronounced in leaner men.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nakanishi
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Course of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine F2, Japan.
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46
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Parekh RS, Klag MJ. Alcohol: role in the development of hypertension and end-stage renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2001; 10:385-90. [PMID: 11342802 DOI: 10.1097/00041552-200105000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a common risk factor in the general population for a variety of health outcomes. In the present review, we discuss the recent literature on alcohol, hypertension, and renal disease. The regular consumption of more than two drinks per day is associated with both hypertension and renal disease. The mechanisms by which consumption of alcohol leads to hypertension and perhaps renal disease are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Parekh
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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