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Xu HY, Jiao YH, Li SY, Zhu X, Wang S, Zhang YY, Wei YJ, Shen YJ, Wang W, Shen YX, Shao JT. Hepatocyte-derived MANF mitigates ethanol-induced liver steatosis in mice via enhancing ASS1 activity and activating AMPK pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:157-168. [PMID: 35655095 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis plays a detrimental role in the onset and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an evolutionarily conserved protein related to the unfolded protein response. Recent studies have demonstrated that MANF plays an important role in liver diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of MANF in ethanol-induced steatosis and the underlying mechanisms. We showed that the hepatic MANF expression was markedly upregulated in mouse model of ALD by chronic-plus-single-binge ethanol feeding. Moreover, after chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding, hepatocyte-specific MANF knockout (HKO) mice displayed more severe hepatic steatosis and liver injury than wild-type (WT) control mice. Immunoprecipitation-coupled MS proteomic analysis revealed that arginosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), a rate-limiting enzyme in the urea cycle, resided in the same immunoprecipitated complex with MANF. Hepatocyte-specific MANF knockout led to decreased ASS1 activity, whereas overexpression of MANF contributed to enhanced ASS1 activity in vitro. In addition, HKO mice displayed unique urea cycle metabolite patterns in the liver with elevated ammonia accumulation after ethanol feeding. ASS1 is known to activate AMPK by generating an intracellular pool of AMP from the urea cycle. We also found that MANF supplementation significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced steatosis in vivo and in vitro by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, which was partly ASS1 dependent. This study demonstrates a new mechanism in which MANF acts as a key molecule in maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis by enhancing ASS1 activity and uncovers an interesting link between lipid metabolism and the hepatic urea cycle under excessive alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yang Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan-Hong Jiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shi-Yu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yi-Jun Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu-Jun Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yu-Xian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Jun-Tang Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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2
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Alleyne J, Dopico AM. Alcohol Use Disorders and Their Harmful Effects on the Contractility of Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscles. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2021; 1:10011. [PMID: 35169771 PMCID: PMC8843239 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2021.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse has deleterious effects on personal health, family, societal units, and global economies. Moreover, alcohol misuse usually leads to several diseases and conditions, including alcoholism, which is a chronic condition and a form of addiction. Alcohol misuse, whether as acute intoxication or alcoholism, adversely affects skeletal, cardiac and/or smooth muscle contraction. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is the main effector of alcohol-induced dysregulation of muscle contractility, regardless of alcoholic beverage type or the ethanol metabolite (with acetaldehyde being a notable exception). Ethanol, however, is a simple and "promiscuous" ligand that affects many targets to mediate a single biological effect. In this review, we firstly summarize the processes of excitation-contraction coupling and calcium homeostasis which are critical for the regulation of contractility in all muscle types. Secondly, we present the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on the contractility of skeletal, cardiac, and vascular/ nonvascular smooth muscles. Distinctions are made between in vivo and in vitro experiments, intoxicating vs. sub-intoxicating ethanol levels, and human subjects vs. animal models. The differential effects of alcohol on biological sexes are also examined. Lastly, we show that alcohol-mediated disruption of muscle contractility, involves a wide variety of molecular players, including contractile proteins, their regulatory factors, membrane ion channels and pumps, and several signaling molecules. Clear identification of these molecular players constitutes a first step for a rationale design of pharmacotherapeutics to prevent, ameliorate and/or reverse the negative effects of alcohol on muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex M. Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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3
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Gao G, Yin L, Cheng J, Tao R, Liu Y, Pang L, Wang Z. Effects of Chronic Alcohol Use Disorder on the Visual Tilt Illusion. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:647615. [PMID: 34366909 PMCID: PMC8342804 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.647615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Among the serious consequences of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the reduced ability to process visual information. It is also generally agreed that AUD tends to occur with disturbed excitation-inhibition (EI) balance in the central nervous system. Thus, a specific visual behavioral probe could directly qualify the EI dysfunction in patients with AUD. The tilt illusion (TI) is a paradigmatic example of contextual influences on perception of central target. The phenomenon shows a characteristic dependence on the angle between the inducing surround stimulus and the central target test. For small angles, there is a repulsion effect; for larger angles, there is a smaller attraction effect. The center-surround inhibition in tilt repulsion is considered to come from spatial orientational interactions between orientation-tuned neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1), and tilt attraction is from higher-level effects of orientation processing in the visual information processing. Objectives: The present study focuses on visual spatial information processing and explores whether chronic AUD patients in abstinence period exhibited abnormal TI compared with healthy controls. Methods: The participants are 30 male volunteers (20-46 years old) divided into two groups: the study group consists of 15 clinically diagnosed AUD patients undergoing abstinence from alcohol, and the control group consists of 15 healthy volunteers. The TI consists of a center target surround with an annulus (both target and annulus are sinusoidal grating with spatial frequency = 2 cycles per degree). The visual angle between center and surround is a variable restricted to 0°, ±15°, ±30°, or ±75°. For measuring the TI, participants have to report whether the center target grating orientation tilted clockwise or counterclockwise from the internal vertical orientation by pressing corresponding keys on the computer keyboard. No feedback is provided regarding response correctness. Results: The results reveal significantly weaker tilt repulsion effect under surround orientation ±15° (p < 0.05) and higher lapse rate (attention limitation index) under all tested surround orientations (all ps < 0.05) in patients with chronic AUD compared with health controls. Conclusions: These results provide psychophysical evidence that visual perception of center-contextual stimuli is different between AUD and healthy control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Heifei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Liangshuang Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital for Prison in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Heifei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Heifei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Heifei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Liangjun Pang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Heifei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengchun Wang
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Raj AS, Cobain C, Abbott TE, Cron N. Abstinence from alcohol consumption and exercise capacity: A pre and post intervention cohort study. J Perioper Pract 2020; 31:89-95. [PMID: 31916909 DOI: 10.1177/1750458919889879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The benefits or harm associated with moderate levels of alcohol consumption on cardiorespiratory fitness are unclear. We hypothesised that in moderate drinkers, four weeks of abstinence could improve cardiorespiratory fitness. This was a single centre, prospective, pre and post intervention, experimental cohort study. Participants were recruited from healthy volunteers among hospital staff, who were non-smokers, over 25 years of age and regularly consumed ≥3 units of alcohol a day, ≥4 times a week for > 1 month. Cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to provide objective, quantifiable and reproducible data. In all, 30 participated, and data were analysed for 22 participants. Mean (SD) peak oxygen consumption and oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold were similar before and after alcohol abstinence: 37.55 (10.89) and 39.66 (11.48) (P = 0.21) and 18.52 (5.43) and 16.82 (5.19) ml/kg/min (P = 0.1), respectively. It is concluded that this preliminary study did not establish a correlation between four weeks alcohol abstinence and cardiopulmonary fitness as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test, among healthy volunteers self-reporting moderate alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok S Raj
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK
| | - Charlotte Cobain
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Epsom and St Helier University Hospital NHS Trust, Epsom, UK
| | - Tom Ef Abbott
- William Harvey Research Institute, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Cron
- Department of Statistics, London School of Economics, London, UK
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Alcohol Consumption is Positively Associated with Handgrip Strength Among Japanese Community-dwelling Middle-aged and Elderly Persons. INT J GERONTOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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6
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Duryee MJ, Dusad A, Hunter CD, Kharbanda KK, Bruenjes JD, Easterling KC, Siebler JC, Thiele GM, Chakkalakal DA. N-Acetyl Cysteine Treatment Restores Early Phase Fracture Healing in Ethanol-Fed Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1206-1216. [PMID: 29698568 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fracture healing in alcoholics is delayed and often associated with infections resulting in prolonged rehabilitation. It has been reported that binge drinking of alcohol increases oxidative stress and delays fracture healing in rats, which is prevented by treatment with the antioxidant n-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Oxidative stress is a significant factor in pathologies of various organs resulting from chronic alcoholism. Therefore, we hypothesize that treatment with NAC reduces oxidative stress and restores fracture healing in chronic alcoholics. METHODS Rats (10 months old) were pair-fed the Lieber-DeCarli ethanol (EtOH) diet or control diet for 16 weeks. A closed fracture was performed and rats allowed to recover for 72 hours. Rats were divided into 4 groups-control, control + NAC, EtOH, and EtOH + NAC-and injected intraperitoneally with 200 mg/kg of NAC daily for 3 days. Serum and bone fracture callus homogenates were collected and assayed for traditional markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone regeneration. RESULTS The oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in both serum and bone tissue in EtOH-fed animals compared to controls. NAC treatment significantly (p < 0.01) reduced MDA to near normal levels and dramatically increased the index of antioxidant efficacy (catalase/MDA ratio) (p < 0.01). Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 were significantly decreased in serum and callus following NAC treatment. NAC treatment reduced EtOH-induced bone resorption as evidenced by significant decreases in C-telopeptide of type-I-collagen levels (p < 0.05) and band-5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase levels in the tissue (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress and excessive inflammation are involved in the inhibition of fracture healing by EtOH. In this study, early short-term treatment of EtOH-fed animals with the antioxidant NAC reduced oxidative stress and normalized the innate immune response to fracture in the early phase of fracture healing, thereby restoring the normal onset of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Duryee
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Anand Dusad
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Carlos D Hunter
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joseph D Bruenjes
- Department of Surgery , Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Karen C Easterling
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Justin C Siebler
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Surgery , Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery , University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dennis A Chakkalakal
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Surgery , Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery , University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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7
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Steiner JL, Lang CH. Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: Disrupted Protein Balance and Impaired Cardiomyocyte Contractility. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1392-1401. [PMID: 28425109 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) can develop after consumption of relatively large amounts of alcohol over time or from acute binge drinking. Of the many factors implicated in the etiology of ACM, chronic perturbation in protein balance has been strongly implicated. This review focused on recent contributions (since 2010) in the area of protein metabolism and cardiac function related to ACM. Data reviewed include that from in vitro and preclinical in vivo animal studies where alcohol or an oxidative metabolite was studied and outcome measures in either cardiomyocytes or whole heart pertaining to protein synthesis or degradation were reported. Additionally, studies on the contractile properties of cardiomyocytes were also included to link signal transduction with function. Methodological differences including the potential impact of sex, dosing, and duration/timing of alcohol administration are addressed. Acute and chronic alcohol consumption decreases cardiac protein synthesis and/or activation of proteins within the regulatory mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex pathway. Albeit limited, evidence suggests that myocardial protein degradation via the ubiquitin pathway is not altered, while autophagy may be enhanced in ACM. Alcohol impairs ex vivo cardiomyocyte contractility in relation to its metabolism and expression of proteins within the growth factor pathway. Dysregulation of protein metabolism, including the rate of protein synthesis and autophagy, may contribute to contractile deficits and is a hallmark feature of ACM meriting additional sex-inclusive, methodologically consistent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Steiner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles H Lang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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8
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Kamoun Z, Kamoun AS, Bougatef A, Kharrat RM, Youssfi H, Boudawara T, Chakroun M, Nasri M, Zeghal N. Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) protein hydrolysate against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1432-1441. [PMID: 27783246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption-induced oxidative stress that is a major etiological factor has been proven to play important roles in organs' injury. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of fish protein hydrolysate prepared from the heads and viscera of sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) (SPH) against the toxicity of ethanol on the liver and kidney of adult male rats. Animals were divided into four groups of six animals each: group C served as control, group Eth received 30 % ethanol solution at the dose of 3 g/kg body weight, group SPH received only 7.27 mg of SPH/kg body weight, and group Eth-SPH received ethanol and SPH simultaneously at the doses of 30 % and 7.27 mg/kg body weight, respectively. All groups were treated by gavage way for 15 days. Ethanol treatment decreased the defense enzymatic system including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which increased after the co-administration of SPH. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and toxicity biomarker levels such as aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and alcaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT) activities were enhanced after chronic ethanol treatment and reduced by co-treatment with SPH. The histological examination of the liver and kidney confirmed biochemical changes in ethanol-treated rats and demonstrated the protective role of SPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Kamoun
- Unité Toxicologie et Microbiologie Environnemental et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Departement des Sciences de la vie, Université de Sfax-Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Alya Sellami Kamoun
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Bougatef
- Unité Enzymes et Bioconversion, Ecole nationale d'Ingénieurs, BP 1171, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Houssem Youssfi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologique, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3023, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Chakroun
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Zeghal
- Unité Toxicologie et Microbiologie Environnemental et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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Marchini AMPDS, Gonçalves LL, Salgado MCM, do Prado RF, Marchini L, Carvalho YR, da Rocha RF. Alcoholic and isocaloric diet, but not ovariectomy, influence the apoptosis of bone cells within the alveolar bone crest of rats. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:424-33. [PMID: 24549089 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies suggest that chronic alcoholism as well as oestrogen deficiencies may affect bones in general, including alveolar bone and, by doing so, increase individuals' susceptibility to develop progressive periodontal disease. This paper aims to verify the influence of chronic alcoholism and/or oestrogen deficiencies in the apoptosis of bone cells of the alveolar bone crest region in rats. DESIGN Initially, 54 rats were divided into ovariectomized (Ovx) and Sham operated (Sham) groups. Thirty days after surgery, these two groups were equally sub-divided, and received, for 56 days, the following dietary intervention: alcoholic diet (with 20% alcohol solution,), isocaloric diet and ad libitum diet (free diet). Analysis was undertaken by immunohistochemistry, using an antibody to detect apoptosis (anti PARP p-85). RESULTS When comparing the six experimental groups, no significant differences were observed in the apoptosis of bone cells. Also, there was no significant difference in the quantity of cells undergoing apoptosis when the animals from Ovx groups were compared with those from Sham groups. However, when comparing only different dietary groups, differences were observed between the groups ad libitum and isocaloric, to osteoblasts (p=0.045); and ad libitum and alcohol, to osteocytes (p=0.007). CONCLUSION It is concluded that ovariectomy was not able to influence the rate of apoptosis of bone cells of the alveolar bone crest region in rats and that a possible influence of diet on apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucélia Lemes Gonçalves
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriane Carneiro Machado Salgado
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - State University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Falchete do Prado
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - State University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - State University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Fernandes da Rocha
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - State University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Gao HY, Huang J, Wang HY, Du XW, Cheng SM, Han Y, Wang LF, Li GY, Wang JH. Protective effect of Zhuyeqing liquor, a Chinese traditional health liquor, on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2013; 10:30. [PMID: 24090365 PMCID: PMC3851207 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-10-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study first evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL) against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Animals were administered orally with 50% alcohol 12 ml/kg at 4 h after the doses of ZYQL everyday for fourteen consecutive days except mice in normal group. The protective effect was evaluated by biochemical parameters including serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), total-bilirubin (TBIL) and reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue. The result were confirmed histopathologically and the expression of TNF-α in mice liver was determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. HPLC-PDA was used for phytochemical analysis of ZYQL, and the plant source of each compound was claritied by UPLC-TOF-MS. The result showed that pretreatment with ZYQL exhibited a significant protective effect by reversing the biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in a dose depended manner. HPLC analysis indicated that ZYQL contained flavonoids, iridoids, terpenoids and phenolic acids, which might be the active chemicals. This study demonstrated the hepatoprotective activity of ZYQL, thus scientifically supported the function of its health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica 49#, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, P, R, China.
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Maurel DB, Boisseau N, Pallu S, Rochefort GY, Benhamou CL, Jaffre C. Regular exercise limits alcohol effects on trabecular, cortical thickness and porosity, and osteocyte apoptosis in the rat. Joint Bone Spine 2013; 80:492-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Connexin43 and Angiotensin II Alterations in Hearts of Rats Having Undergone an Acute Exposure to Alcohol. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2013; 34:68-71. [DOI: 10.1097/paf.0b013e31827bf67f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Islam A, Abraham P, Hapner CD, Deuster PA, Chen Y. Tissue-specific upregulation of HSP72 in mice following short-term administration of alcohol. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:215-22. [PMID: 23011927 PMCID: PMC3581633 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and cellular injury have been implicated in induction of HSP72 by alcohol. We investigated the association between HSP72 induction and oxidative stress in mouse tissues following short-term administration of high doses of alcohol and caffeine alone or in combination. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with vehicle, alcohol (∼1.7 g/kg/day), caffeine (∼44 mg/kg/day), or alcohol plus caffeine once daily for ten consecutive days. Upon completion of the treatments, tissues were collected for structural and biochemical analyses. Alcohol alone caused mild to moderate lesions in heart, liver, and gastrocnemius muscle. Similar structural changes were observed following administration of alcohol and caffeine combined. Alcohol administration also led to decreased glutathione levels in all three tissues and reduced plasma superoxide dismutase capacity. In contrast, alcohol and caffeine in combination reduced glutathione levels only in liver and gastrocnemius muscle and had no effect on plasma superoxide dismutase. Significant elevations in HSP72 protein and mRNA and in HSF1 protein levels were noted only in liver by alcohol alone or in combination with caffeine. No significant changes in morphology and HSP72 were detected in any tissues tested following administration of caffeine alone. These results suggest that a redox mechanism is involved in the structural impairment caused by short-term high-dose alcohol. Oxidative tissue injury by alcohol may not be associated with tissue HSP72 induction. Induction of HSP72 in liver by alcohol is mediated at both the transcriptional and translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminul Islam
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Preetha Abraham
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Christopher D. Hapner
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Patricia A. Deuster
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
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Szybiak B, Golusiński W. [Operative and postoperative management of patients after neck surgery]. Otolaryngol Pol 2012; 66:201-6. [PMID: 22748682 DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(12)70770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer patients after neck surgeries require specific operative and postoperative management, which to some extent determines the final outcome of the surgery. Such procedures require particular attention due to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts as well as the presence of functionally and morphologically important anatomical structures on the neck. The majority of patients qualified for surgery have concomitant medical conditions, which increases the probability of certain operative and postoperative complications. Preparation for the procedure requires close cooperation between the laryngologist-head and neck surgeon, general practitioner and anaesthetist. AIM The purpose of the paper was to analyse the factors that influence the normal process of healing in the operative and postoperative periods in patients after neck surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 220 patients who underwent neck surgery in the years 2007-2010. 92.8% of the operations were performed due to a malignant cancer. The following factors were taken into consideration in the evaluation of the healing process: RESULTS On average, following surgery, patients stayed in the ward for: 5-7 days after selective removal of lymph nodes, 5 days after removal of branchial cleft cyst or persistent thyroglossal duct, 14 days after total laryngectomy, and 12 days after reconstructive laryngeal surgery. All patients after oncological surgery of the oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx stayed in the ICU for the first 24 hours and remained under analgosedation. Laryngeal surgery was performed using a separate surgical incision for tracheotomy. In all cases suction drainage was used for 48 hours. After surgery, patients were mobilised during the first 24 hours in the ward. CONCLUSION Appropriate operative and postoperative management, following specific standards, increases the safety of the patient. Providing optimal conditions for healing shortens the patient's stay in the ICU, which reduces the cost of hospitalisation and increases the patient's comfort and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szybiak
- Oddział Chirurgii Głowy i Szyi i Onkologii, Laryngologicznej, Wielkopolskie Centrum, Onkologii.
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15
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Camel's milk alleviates alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1377-83. [PMID: 22281157 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) represents a spectrum of clinical illness and morphological changes that range from fatty liver, hepatic inflammation and necrosis to progressive fibrosis. For the etiology of ALD, oxidative stress, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis have been described. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of camel's milk (CM) in alleviating alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity as a model of clinical liver illness. Male rats were grouped into four groups from which one group received normal saline and served as control. Groups from 2 to 4 received a daily oral dose of 56% ethanol for 4 weeks. Group 2 served as untreated control while groups 3 and 4 were respectively treated with CM either in a prophylactic or a curative approach. Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, as well as cholesterol levels were estimated in the serum. Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels along with caspase-3 activity were determined in liver tissue homogenate. A histopathological analysis of liver tissue was also achieved. Results showed amelioration of all tested parameters following administration of CM. Conclusively, treatment with camel's milk alleviates alcohol-associated hazards and protects hepatic tissue from alcohol-induced toxicity.
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Maurel DB, Boisseau N, Benhamou CL, Jaffré C. Cortical bone is more sensitive to alcohol dose effects than trabecular bone in the rat. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 79:492-9. [PMID: 22133445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While chronic alcohol consumption is known to decrease bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and negatively modify trabecular bone microarchitecture, the impact of alcohol on cortical microarchitecture is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various doses of alcohol on bone density, trabecular and cortical parameters and bone strength in rats. METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), alcohol 25% v/v (A25), alcohol 30% v/v (A30) and alcohol 35% v/v (A35). Rats in the alcohol groups were fed a solution composed of ethanol and water for 17 weeks while the control group drank only water. Bone quality and quantity were evaluated through the analysis of density, trabecular and cortical bone microarchitectural parameters, osteocalcin and N-Telopeptide concentrations and a 3-point bending test. RESULTS Bone density along with trabecular and cortical thickness were lower in alcohol groups compared to C. BMD was lower in A35 vs. A30 and cortical thickness was lower in A35 vs. A25 and A30. Pore number was increased by alcohol and the porosity was greater in A35 compared to C. N-Telopeptide concentration was decreased in alcohol groups compared to control whereas no differences were observed in osteocalcin concentrations. Maximal energy to failure was lower in A25 and A35 compared to C. CONCLUSION Chronic ethanol consumption increases cortical bone damage in rats and may have detrimental effects on bone strength. These effects were dose-dependent, with greater negative effects proportionate to greater alcohol doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine B Maurel
- IPROS, Unité Inserm U658, Caractérisation du Tissu Osseux par Imagerie: Techniques et Applications, Hôpital Porte-Madeleine, 1 rue Porte-Madeleine, BP 2439, 45032 Orléans cedex 01, France.
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17
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Lai YJ, Hung CL, Hong RC, Tseng YM, Lin CI, Ko YS, Tsai CH, Yeh HI. Slow conduction and gap junction remodeling in murine ventricle after chronic alcohol ingestion. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:72. [PMID: 21955691 PMCID: PMC3213039 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term heavy alcohol drinkers are prone to the development of cardiac arrhythmia. To understand the mechanisms, we evaluated the cardiac structural and electrophysiological changes in mice chronically drinking excessive alcohol. RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were given 36% alcohol in the drinking water. Those given blank water were used as control. Twelve weeks later, the phenotypic characteristics of the heart, including gap junctions and electrical properties were examined. In the alcohol group the ventricles contained a smaller size of cardiomyocytes and a higher density of capillary networks, compared to the control. Western blots showed that, after drinking alcohol, the content of connexin43 (Cx43) protein in the left ventricle was increased by 18% (p < 0.05). Consistently, immunoconfocal microscopy demonstrated that Cx43 gap junctions were up-regulated in the alcohol group with a disorganized distribution, compared to the control. Optical mapping showed that the alcohol group had a reduced conduction velocity (40 ± 18 vs 60 ± 7 cm/sec, p < 0.05) and a higher incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (62% vs 30%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Long-term excessive alcohol intake resulted in extensive cardiac remodeling, including changes in expression and distribution of gap junctions, growth of capillary network, reduction of cardiomyocyte size, and decrease of myocardial conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Lai
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Maurel DB, Boisseau N, Ingrand I, Dolleans E, Benhamou CL, Jaffre C. Combined effects of chronic alcohol consumption and physical activity on bone health: study in a rat model. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:2931-40. [PMID: 21437605 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption may be deleterious for bone tissue depending on the amount of ethanol consumed, whereas physical activity has positive effects on bone. This study was designed to analyze the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on bone in trained rats. 48 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), alcohol (A), exercise (E) and alcohol + exercise (AE). A and AE groups drank a solution composed of water and ethanol. E and AE groups were trained for 2 months (treadmill: 40 min/day, 5 times/week). Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry and microarchitectural parameters using micro-computed tomography. Serum osteocalcin and CTx were determined by ELISA assays. The body weight and lean mass gain were lower in group A, while the fat mass gain was lower in exercised groups. BMD and BMC were higher with alcohol after body weight adjustment. Trabecular thickness was significantly higher in AE and A groups compared to C and E; cross-sectional area was larger in A and C groups compared to AE and E. CTx levels were higher in A compared to C and in AE and E versus C and A. Osteocalcin levels were significantly greater in AE and E groups versus C and A. In conclusion, the light to moderate alcohol consumption over a short period increased the trabecular thickness, BMC and BMD in A and AE groups. However, we observed alterations in bone remodeling and body composition with alcohol, at the end of the protocol, which did not appear when alcohol was combined to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine B Maurel
- INSERM Unit 658, Caractérisation du Tissu Osseux par Imagerie, Techniques et Applications, Hôpital Porte Madeleine, 1 rue Porte Madeleine, BP 2439, 45032, Orléans Cedex 01, France
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Otis JS, Guidot DM. Procysteine stimulates expression of key anabolic factors and reduces plantaris atrophy in alcohol-fed rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:1450-9. [PMID: 19426167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term alcohol ingestion may produce severe oxidant stress and lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction. Emerging evidence has suggested that members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines play diverse roles in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, our goals were (i) to minimize the degree of oxidant stress and attenuate atrophy by supplementing the diets of alcohol-fed rats with the glutathione precursor, procysteine, and (ii) to identify the roles of IL-6 family members in alcoholic myopathy. METHODS Age- and gender-matched Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing either alcohol or an isocaloric substitution (control diet) for 35 weeks. Subgroups of alcohol-fed rats received procysteine (0.35%, w/v) for the final 12 weeks. Plantaris morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Major components of glutathione metabolism were determined using assay kits. Real-time PCR was used to determine expression levels of several genes. RESULTS Plantaris muscles from alcohol-fed rats displayed extensive atrophy, as well as decreased glutathione levels, decreased activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 (Mn-SOD2), and increased NADPH oxidase-1 gene expression-each indicative of significant oxidant stress. Alcohol also induced gene expression of catabolic factors including IL-6, oncostatin M, atrogin-1, muscle ring finger protein-1, and IGFBP-1. Procysteine treatment attenuated plantaris atrophy, restored glutathione levels, and increased catalase, Cu/Zn-SOD1, and Mn-SOD2 mRNA expression, but did not reduce other markers of oxidant stress or levels of these catabolic factors. Instead, procysteine stimulated gene expression of anabolic factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and cardiotrophin-1. CONCLUSIONS Procysteine significantly attenuated, but did not completely abrogate, alcohol-induced oxidant stress or catabolic factors. Rather, procysteine minimized the extent of plantaris atrophy by inducing components of several anabolic pathways. Therefore, anti-oxidant treatments such as procysteine supplementation may benefit individuals with alcoholic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Otis
- Center for Emory University School of Medicine-Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30002, USA.
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Guggenheimer J, Close JM, Eghtesad B. Sialadenosis in patients with advanced liver disease. Head Neck Pathol 2009; 3:100-5. [PMID: 19644542 PMCID: PMC2715456 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-009-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sialadenosis (sialosis) has been associated most often with alcoholic liver disease and alcoholic cirrhosis, but a number of nutritional deficiencies, diabetes, and bulimia have also been reported to result in sialadenosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sialadenosis in patients with advanced liver disease. Patients in the study group consisted of 300 candidates for liver transplantation. Types of liver disease in subjects with clinical evidence of sialadenosis were compared with diagnoses in cases who had no manifestations of sialadenosis. The data were analyzed for significant association. Sialadenosis was found in 28 of the 300 subjects (9.3%). Among these 28 cases, 11 (39.3%) had alcoholic cirrhosis. The remaining 17 (60.7%) had eight other types of liver disease. There was no significant association between sialadenosis and alcoholic cirrhosis (P = 0.389). These findings suggest that both alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis may lead to the development of sialadenosis. Advanced liver disease is accompanied by multiple nutritional deficiencies which may be exacerbated by alcohol. Similar metabolic abnormalities may occur in patients with diabetes or bulimia. Malnutrition has been associated with autonomic neuropathy, the pathogenic mechanism that has been proposed for sialadenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Guggenheimer
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
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21
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Quercetin protects against ethanol-induced oxidative damage in rat primary hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:516-22. [PMID: 19327393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are associated with free radical injury and oxidative stress, which could be partially attenuated by antioxidants and free radical scavengers. Quercetin, one of the most widely distributed flavonoids in plants, is a natural antioxidant. The hypothesis that quercetin could prevent the ethanol-induced oxidative damage in hepatocytes was investigated. The ethanol-intoxicated (100mM for 8h) rat primary hepatocytes were post-treated (2h), simultaneously treated or pre-treated (2h) with quercetin respectively, while the time-dependent (0.5-8h) and dose-dependent (25-200muM) quercetin pre-treatment were used in the present study. The parameters of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined to address the alterations of cell damage and antioxidant state after quercetin intervention. The toxic insult of ethanol to hepatocytes was challenged by quercetin and these parameters almost returned to the level of control group when hepatocytes were pre-treated with quercetin at the dose of 50muM for 2-4h before ethanol exposure. In conclusion, quercetin pre-treatment provided protection against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes and may be used as a new natural drug for the prevention and/or treatment of ALD.
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Wu M, Chaudhary A, Khan IA, Dasmahapatra AK. Ethanol teratogenesis in Japanese medaka: effects at the cellular level. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 149:191-201. [PMID: 17913529 PMCID: PMC2220156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of alcohol on the developing humans represent a spectrum of structural and neurobehavioral abnormalities, most appropriately termed as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The mechanism by which ethanol induces FASD is unknown. Human studies of FASD are very limited due to ethical constraints; however, several animal models from nematodes to mammals are utilized to understand the molecular mechanism of this disorder. We have used Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval development as a unique non-mammalian model to study the molecular mechanism of FASD. Fertilized medaka eggs were exposed to ethanol (0-400 mM) for 48 h post fertilization (hpf) and then maintained in regular embryo rearing medium without ethanol. Viable embryos were harvested on 0, 2, 4 and 6 day post fertilization (dpf) and analyzed for DNA, RNA and protein contents of the embryos. By applying semi-quantitative RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), RNA samples were further analyzed for seven transcription factors, emx2, en2, iro3, otx2, shh, wnt1 and zic5 which are expressed in the neural tube of medaka embryo during early phase of development. RNA and protein contents of the embryos were significantly reduced by ethanol at 400 mM dose on 4 and 6 dpf compared to the control (no ethanol), and 100 mM ethanol treated embryos. However, significant reduction of DNA was observed only in 4 dpf embryos. Total protein contents of yolk remained unaltered after ethanol treatment. Expression pattern of emx2, en2, iro3, otx2, shh, wnt1, and zic5 mRNAs were found to be developmentally regulated, however, remained unaltered after ethanol treatment. It is therefore concluded that alteration of nucleic acid and protein contents of medaka embryo by ethanol could be used as an indicator of embryonic growth retardation which might be the result of disruption of specific gene function during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wu
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Amit Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Asok K. Dasmahapatra
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- *Corresponding Author. Asok K. Dasmahapatra, National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program, RIPS, School of Pharmacy, 313 Faser Hall, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA, Voice: 662-915-7077, FAX: 662-915-5148, e.mail:
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Durán Castellón MC, González-Reimers E, López-Lirola A, Martín Olivera R, Santolaria-Fernández F, Galindo-Martín L, Abreu-González P, González-Hernández T. Alcoholic myopathy: lack of effect of zinc supplementation. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:1333-43. [PMID: 15869836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A chronic form of myopathy has been described in alcoholics, characterized by atrophy of type II fibers, due both to reduced protein synthesis and increased protein breakdown. Increased production of reactive oxygen species could probably play a role in increased protein breakdown. In addition, treatment with zinc might be beneficial, since it acts as a cofactor of several enzymes involved in the synthesis of proteins and antioxidants as copper-zinc-superoxidedismutase (SOD) and selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Based on these facts, we analyze the relative and combined effects of ethanol, protein malnutrition and treatment with zinc, 227 mg/l in form of zinc sulphate, on muscle changes in 8 groups of adult Sprague-Dawley rats fed following the Lieber-de Carli model during 5 weeks. We also study the association between muscle histological changes and the activity of GPX, SOD and lipid peroxidation products (MDA), with hormones such as IGF-1, and with trace elements involved in antioxidant systems and/or in lipid peroxidation, such as selenium, copper, zinc, and iron. We found type IIa and IIb fiber atrophy in the alcoholic animals, especially in the low-protein fed ones. This effect was mainly due to protein deficiency. Zinc played no role at all. Muscle iron increased in ethanol, low protein fed rats, either with or without zinc, and was directly related with muscle MDA levels, which in turn were related with muscle atrophy, as was also found for serum IGF-1 levels. Ethanol was the main responsible for all these changes, although protein undernutrition also played an independent role in MDA levels. A positive interaction between ethanol and protein deficiency on serum IGF-1 was also detected. These results suggest that both protein deficiency and ethanol contribute to muscle atrophy observed in alcoholized rats; this atrophy is associated with increased lipid peroxidation and muscle iron overload. Treatment with zinc sulphate confers no benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Durán Castellón
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Park SH, Heo JS, Kang CW. Dose-dependent effect of alcohol on insulin-like growth factor systems in male rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 31:22-8. [PMID: 14756680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.03945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1. Chronic alcohol treatment has been reported to be associated with liver and kidney damage. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is the major growth factor related to alcohol consumption. However, the effect of alcohol on the IGF system in the liver and kidney has not been fully elucidated. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate this issue. 2. Alcohol reduced the level of IGF-I in a dose-dependent manner in the serum, liver and kidney. Alcohol also decreased the level of IGF-II in the liver. In contrast, alcohol increased the level of IGF-II in the serum and kidney. These observations were correlated with IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA expression in the liver and kidney. 3. To examine the effect of alcohol on IGF receptors in the liver and kidney, IGF-I receptor mRNA was measured. Alcohol decreased IGF-I receptor mRNA in the liver and kidney. 4. In experiments performed to examine the regulation of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP), alcohol increased serum levels of IGFBP-1. However, alcohol had no effect on serum levels of IGFBP-2, -3 and -4. These effects were also observed in the liver and kidney. 5. In conclusion, alcohol alters the IGF system in rat liver and kidney in a tissue-specific manner, which may contribute to the metabolic dysfunction following chronic alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Park
- Biosafety Institute Research Center, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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Adachi J, Asano M, Ueno Y, Niemelä O, Ohlendieck K, Peters TJ, Preedy VR. Alcoholic muscle disease and biomembrane perturbations (review). J Nutr Biochem 2004; 14:616-25. [PMID: 14629892 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(03)00114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol ingestion is damaging and gives rise to a number of pathologies that influence nutritional status. Most organs of the body are affected such as the liver and gastrointestinal tract. However, skeletal muscle appears to be particularly susceptible, giving rise to the disease entity alcoholic myopathy. Alcoholic myopathy is far more common than overt liver disease such as cirrhosis or gastrointestinal tract pathologies. Alcohol myopathy is characterised by selective atrophy of Type II (anaerobic, white glycolic) muscle fibres: Type I (aerobic, red oxidative) muscle fibres are relatively protected. Affected patients have marked reductions in muscle mass and impaired muscle strength with subjective symptoms of cramps, myalgia and difficulty in gait. This affects 40-60% of chronic alcoholics (in contrast to cirrhosis, which only affects 15-20% of chronic alcohol misuers).Many, if not all, of these features of alcoholic myopathy can be reproduced in experimental animals, which are used to elucidate the pathological mechanisms responsible for the disease. However, membrane changes within these muscles are difficult to discern even under the normal light and electron microscope. Instead attention has focused on biochemical and other functional studies. In this review, we provide evidence from these models to show that alcohol-induced defects in the membrane occur, including the formation of acetaldehyde protein adducts and increases in sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (protein and enzyme activity). Concomitant increases in cholesterol hydroperoxides and oxysterol also arise, possibly reflecting free radical-mediated damage to the membrane. Overall, changes within muscle membranes may reflect, contribute to, or initiate the disturbances in muscle function or reductions in muscle mass seen in alcoholic myopathy. Present evidence suggest that the changes in alcoholic muscle disease are not due to dietary deficiencies but rather the direct effect of ethanol or its ensuing metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho 7 Chuo-ku, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan.
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Zebič A, Mehikič D, Cerar A, Pokorn D, Hlastan Ribič C. The influence of fat diet, wine and ethanol on changes in skeletal muscles in Wistar rats. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.33.2004.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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López-Lirola A, González-Reimers E, Martín Olivera R, Santolaria-Fernández F, Galindo-Martín L, Abreu-González P, González-Hernández T, Valladares-Parrilla F. Protein deficiency and muscle damage in carbon tetrachloride induced liver cirrhosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:1789-97. [PMID: 14563404 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein undernutrition, alterations of hormones such as IGF-1, testosterone and cortisol, and increased lipid peroxidation-which may be related with deranged metabolism of some elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se) or copper (Cu)-may contribute to muscle damage in non alcoholic cirrhosis. Here, we analyse the effect of protein deficiency on muscle Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and Se in carbon-tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced liver cirrhosis. We also study the association between protein undernutrition and these trace elements with the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation products, and how all these are related with muscle morphological changes in 40 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Liver cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl(4) to 10 rats fed a 2% protein diet, and to another 10 fed a 18% protein control diet. Two further groups included rats without cirrhosis fed the 2% protein and the 18% protein diets. After sacrifice (6 weeks later), we found type IIa fibre atrophy in the cirrhotic animals, especially in the low-protein fed ones and this was due to protein deficiency. Muscle Fe increased in low protein fed cirrhotic rats. No relationship was found between muscle changes and any of the hormones, enzymes and trace elements analysed, or with liver fibrosis. These results suggest that muscle atrophy observed in CCl(4)-induced cirrhosis is related with protein deficiency, but not with cirrhosis itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Lirola
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Spain
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Manari AP, Preedy VR, Peters TJ. Nutritional intake of hazardous drinkers and dependent alcoholics in the UK. Addict Biol 2003; 8:201-10. [PMID: 12850779 DOI: 10.1080/1355621031000117437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There are no recent assessments of nutritional intake in alcohol misusers in the United Kingdom. The purpose of this study was to measure nutritional intake in alcoholics attending an Alcohol Misuse outpatient clinic in an inner city general hospital in the United Kingdom and relating this to various measures of alcohol dependence. All patients (n = 30; 27 male, 3 female) consumed at least 100 g ethanol per day (mean 162 g/day) for at least 5 years and completed questionnaires on socio-demographics, alcohol dependency and psychosocial problems and had assays of biochemical and haematological indices. The data were analysed first with respect to the entire patient population and then according to the degree of alcohol dependency (mild, moderate or severe). The results showed that with respect to the entire patient group, one-third were below normal body weights, but one-quarter was overweight. The total energy intake (kJ/day) including alcohol was apparently adequate with respect to recommended levels in most patients. On average, approx. 60% of energy intake came from alcohol. The whole patient population had a low intake of one or more macro- and micro-nutrient compared to the dietary reference requirements. All patients had intakes of vitamin E and folate below UK recommended standards, while 85 - 95% of patients had low intakes of selenium and Vitamin D. Between 50 and 85% of all patents had intakes below UK recommended standards in calcium and zinc and Vitamins A, B(1), B(2), B(6) and C. There were significant correlations between calorie intake (when alcohol was excluded) and vitamins B(1), B(2), B(6) and C, and Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn intake. There were no correlations between alcohol intake with any of the nutritional and anthropometric variables or between the three subgroups with respect to daily energy, micro- and macro-nutrient intakes. In conclusion, malnutrition was common in this patient group: all subjects had intakes below UK recommended standards in one or more micro- or macro-nutrient. However, there was no difference in the degree of malnutrition between the harmful drinkers (mild dependency) and heavily dependent subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P Manari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College, University of London, UK.
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29
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Adachi J, Kudo R, Nushida H, Ueno Y, Koll M, Preedy VR. Fatty acid profile in skeletal muscle of the rat in response to acute (2.5 hours) and prolonged (6 weeks) ethanol-dosage. Addict Biol 2003; 8:181-9. [PMID: 12850777 DOI: 10.1080/1355621031000117419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that phospholipids are altered in skeletal muscles of rats exposed to ethanol for either acute (2.5 hours) or prolonged (6 weeks) periods. In acute studies, rats were dosed with saline (0.15 mmol/l; controls) or ethanol (75 mmol/kg body weight; treated). There were four groups: (A) saline (control); (B) cyanamide (an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor); (C) ethanol; and (D) cyanamide + ethanol. In prolonged studies, two groups of rats were fed liquid diets containing 35% of total dietary energy as either glucose [group (E)] or ethanol [group (F)]. At the end of the treatments, membrane phospholipids were measured in soleus (Type I fibre-predominant) and plantaris (Type II fibre-predominant) muscle. In acute studies, ethanol alone [(A) vs. (C)] and cyanamide + ethanol [(A) vs. (D)] significantly increased 18 : 2 in plantaris (p < 0.05), whereas in soleus none of the treatments had any effect on the phospholipids. In prolonged studies [(E) vs. (F)], there were decreases in 16 : 0 (p < 0.05) and 18 : 1 (p < 0.01) and increases in 18 : 2 (p < 0.001) in plantaris. In soleus, decreases in 18 : 1 (p < 0.05) and increases in 18 : 2 (p < 0.01) occurred. In conclusion, alterations in the proportions of 16 : 0, 18 : 1 and 18 : 2 provide evidence of an altered membrane domain which may contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced muscle disease. Changes due to prolonged exposure are more profound than those in acute exposure and the preferential effects in Type II plantaris may reflect the greater susceptibility of this muscle to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.
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30
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Bonner AB, Dalwai S, Marway JS, Preedy VR. Acute exposure to the nutritional toxin alcohol reduces brain protein synthesis in vivo. Metabolism 2003; 52:389-96. [PMID: 12701047 DOI: 10.1053/meta.2003.50009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have measured brain protein synthesis in vivo using reliable methods that consider the precursor pool, and there is a paucity of data on the regional sensitivity of this organ to nutritional or toxic substances. We hypothesized that different areas of the brain will exhibit variations in protein synthesis rates, which might also be expected to show different sensitivities to the nutritional toxin, ethanol. To test this, we dosed male Wistar rats with ethanol (75 mmol/kg body weight) and measured rates of protein synthesis (ie, the fractional rate of protein synthesis, defined as the percentage of the protein pool renewed each day; k(s), %/d) in different brain regions 2.5 hours later with the flooding dose method using L-[4-(3)H] phenylalanine. In the event that some regions were refractory to the deleterious effects of ethanol, we also predosed rats with cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor (ie, cyanamide + ethanol), to increase endogenous acetaldehyde, a potent neurotoxic agent. The results indicated the mean fractional rates of protein synthesis in the cortex was 21.1%/d, which was significantly lower than either brain stem (30.2%/d, P <.025), cerebellum (30.1%/d, P <.01), or midbrain (29.8%, P <.025). Ethanol significantly decreased protein synthesis in the cortex (21%, P < 0.01), cerebellum (19%, P <.025), brain stem (44%, P <.025), but not in the midbrain (not significant [NS]). However, significant reductions in protein synthesis in the midbrain occurred in cyanamide + ethanol-dosed rats (60%, P <.0001). Cyanamide + ethanol treatment also reduced k(s) in the brain stem (66%, P <.001), cortex (59%, P <.001), and cerebellum (55%, P <.001). In conclusion, the applicability of the flooding dose technique to measure protein synthesis in the brain in vivo is demonstrated by its ability to measure regional difference. Impaired protein synthesis rates may contribute to or reflect the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Bonner
- Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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31
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Paice AG, Hesketh JE, Towner P, Hirako M, Peters TJ, Preedy VR. No change in apoptosis in skeletal muscle exposed acutely or chronically to alcohol. Addict Biol 2003; 8:97-105. [PMID: 12745422 DOI: 10.1080/1355621031000069945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the deleterious changes in ethanol-exposed skeletal muscle are unknown, although apoptosis may be a causal process. We therefore investigated the responses of skeletal muscle to acute or chronic ethanol exposure in male Wistar rats. In acute studies, rats were dosed with ethanol (75 mmol (3.46 g)/kg BW) and killed after either 2.5 or 6 hours. In chronic studies, rats were fed ethanol as 35% of total dietary energy for 6 weeks. Apoptosis was determined by either DNA fragmentation or TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling) assays. The results showed that apoptosis was not increased in the ethanol-exposed muscle in both acute and chronic studies compared to appropriate controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Paice
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College School of Medicinem London, UK
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32
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Mantle D, Preedy VR. Adverse and beneficial functions of proteolytic enzymes in skeletal muscle. An overview. ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEWS 2002; 21:31-49. [PMID: 12140906 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes (proteases) comprise a family of enzymes which hydrolyse protein or peptide substrates in the generalised process of intracellular protein degradation, a process essential for the normal functioning of all cells. Proteases may also have a wide range of additional functions, including metabolic control of physiologically active oligopeptides or precursor protein forms, antigen presentation/recognition by the major histocompatibility complex in the cellular immune response, as well as in digestion, blood clotting, complement activation, etc. In this article, the nomenclature and classification of proteolytic enzymes in skeletal muscle, and their role in normal muscle physiological processes have been reviewed, including exercise, muscle development and ageing. Although proteases play an important role in normal muscle functioning, in pathological situations the enzymes may themselves be regarded as 'toxic agents' in terms of their damaging effects on muscle tissue. Muscle damage resulting from inappropriate activity of proteolytic enzymes in muscle wasting associated with muscular dystrophies, denervation atrophy, inflammatory myopathies, cancer, sepsis, diabetes and alcoholism have been reviewed. In addition, evidence that the adverse effects of drugs known to induce muscle wasting, such as corticosteroids, (or beneficial effects of growth promoting drugs) may be mediated via proteolytic enzymes is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mantle
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Kig George VI Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU England
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33
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Niemelä O, Parkkila S, Koll M, Preedy VR. Generation of protein adducts with malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde in muscles with predominantly type I or type II fibers in rats exposed to ethanol and the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:668-74. [PMID: 12198016 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/76.3.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic myopathy is known to primarily affect type II muscle fibers (glycolytic, fast-twitch, anaerobic), whereas type I fibers (oxidative, slow-twitch, aerobic) are relatively protected. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether aldehyde-derived adducts of proteins with malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde are formed in muscle of rats as a result of acute exposure to ethanol and acetaldehyde. The differences between type I muscle, type II muscle, and liver tissue were also assessed. DESIGN The formation and distribution of malondialdehyde- and acetaldehyde-protein adducts were studied with immunohistochemistry in soleus (type I) muscle, plantaris (type II) muscle, and liver in 4 groups of rats. The different groups were administered saline (control), cyanamide (an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor), ethanol, and cyanamide + ethanol. RESULTS Treatment of rats with ethanol and cyanamide + ethanol increased the amount of aldehyde-derived protein adducts in both soleus and plantaris muscle. The greatest responses in malondialdehyde-protein and acetaldehyde-protein adducts were observed in plantaris muscle, in which the effect of alcohol was further potentiated by cyanamide pretreatment. Malondialdehyde- and acetaldehyde-protein adducts were also found in liver specimens from rats treated with ethanol and ethanol + cyanamide; the most abundant amounts were found in rats given cyanamide pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS Acute ethanol administration increases protein adducts with malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde, primarily in type II muscle. This may be associated with the increased susceptibility of anaerobic muscle to alcohol toxicity. Higher acetaldehyde concentrations exacerbate adduct formation, especially in type II-predominant muscles. The present findings are relevant to studies on the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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34
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Vintro AQ, Krasnoff JB, Painter P. Roles of nutrition and physical activity in musculoskeletal complications before and after liver transplantation. AACN CLINICAL ISSUES 2002; 13:333-47. [PMID: 12011603 DOI: 10.1097/00044067-200205000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
End-stage liver disease (ESLD) affects thousands of people in the United States annually. Improvements in survival after liver transplantation have broadened the indications for its use as a proven therapy for ESLD, rapidly increasing the number of transplant candidates. However, the number of patients awaiting transplantation far surpasses the donor supply, resulting in lengthy waiting times. During this wait, these patients experience progressive disease-related decompensation that is often accompanied by malnutrition and reduced physical activity. This chronic disease triad can have profound effects on musculoskeletal complications, such as cachexia and osteoporosis. In the absence of proper interventional strategies before transplantation, these complications can intensify after the transplantation, as a result of continued poor nutrition intake, bed rest, and pharmacotherapies. This article discusses levels of physical functioning and nutrition status in both the pre-and post-transplant populations, the risks associated with current levels, and the roles that diet and activity therapies can have to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Q Vintro
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0610, USA. )
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35
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Tessari P, Bruttomesso D, Pianta A, Vettore M, Zanetti M, Kiwanuka E, Iori E. Effects of wine intake on postprandial plasma amino acid and protein kinetics in type 1 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75:856-66. [PMID: 11976159 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/75.5.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol may impair protein turnover and insulin sensitivity in vivo. OBJECTIVE The acute effects of moderate wine intake on amino acid kinetics and on the fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of albumin and fibrinogen in patients with type 1 diabetes were studied. DESIGN Six patients with type 1 diabetes ingested an elementary mixed meal (46 kJ/kg) over 4 h, first without and 3 mo later with approximately 300 mL red wine. Postprandial glucose concentrations were maintained at <10 mmol/L. RESULTS Postprandially, the FSR of fibrinogen was approximately 30% greater (21.5 +/- 6.6% compared with 14.1 +/- 3.6% of pool/d; P < 0.01) and glucagon concentrations were approximately 40% greater (103 +/- 20 compared with 61 +/- 13 ng/L; P < 0.015) with wine than without wine. However, the FSR of albumin and the rates of appearance of total and endogenous phenylalanine and leucine were not significantly different between treatments. First-pass splanchnic uptake (in micromol*kg(-1)*min(-1)) of dietary phenylalanine (0.22 +/- 0.02 compared with 0.19 +/- 0.02) and leucine (0.25 +/- 0.04 compared with 0.14 +/- 0.02) were greater with wine (P < 0.05), whereas dietary phenylalanine oxidation was lower with wine, by approximately 25% (0.10 +/- 0.02 compared with 0.14 +/- 0.01 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1); P < 0.05). Selected amino acid concentrations were significantly lower but glutamate concentrations were significantly higher with wine. CONCLUSIONS In insulin-infused patients with type 1 diabetes, moderate wine intake with a meal resulted in 1) a higher fibrinogen FSR, glucagon concentration, and first-pass splanchnic uptake of leucine and phenylalanine; 2) lower dietary phenylalanine oxidation; 3) selective changes in plasma amino acid concentrations; 4) and no impairment in endogenous proteolysis and albumin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tessari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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36
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Preedy VR, Adachi J, Asano M, Koll M, Mantle D, Niemela O, Parkkila S, Paice AG, Peters T, Rajendram R, Seitz H, Ueno Y, Worrall S. Free radicals in alcoholic myopathy: indices of damage and preventive studies. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 32:683-7. [PMID: 11937294 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcoholic myopathy affects up to two-thirds of all alcohol misusers and is characterized by selective atrophy of Type II (glycolytic, fast-twitch, anaerobic) fibers. In contrast, the Type I fibers (oxidative, slow-twitch, aerobic) are relatively protected. Alcohol increases the concentration of cholesterol hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde-protein adducts, though protein-carbonyl concentration levels do not appear to be overtly increased and may actually decrease in some studies. In alcoholics, plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol may be reduced in myopathic patients. However, alpha-tocopherol supplementation has failed to prevent either the loss of skeletal muscle protein or the reductions in protein synthesis in alcohol-dosed animals. The evidence for increased oxidative stress in alcohol-exposed skeletal muscle is thus inconsistent. Further work into the role of ROS in alcoholic myopathy is clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R Preedy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College, London, England, UK.
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37
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Preedy VR, Adachi J, Ueno Y, Ahmed S, Mantle D, Mullatti N, Rajendram R, Peters TJ. Alcoholic skeletal muscle myopathy: definitions, features, contribution of neuropathy, impact and diagnosis. Eur J Neurol 2001; 8:677-87. [PMID: 11784353 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol misusers frequently have difficulties in gait, and various muscle symptoms such as cramps, local pain and reduced muscle mass. These symptoms are common in alcoholic patients and have previously been ascribed as neuropathological in origin. However, biochemical lesions and/or the presence of a defined myopathy occur in alcoholics as a direct consequence of alcohol misuse. The myopathy occurs independently of peripheral neuropathy, malnutrition and overt liver disease. Chronic alcoholic myopathy is characterized by selective atrophy of Type II fibres and the entire muscle mass may be reduced by up to 30%. This myopathy is arguably the most prevalent skeletal muscle disorder in the Western Hemisphere and occurs in approximately 50% of alcohol misusers. Alcohol and acetaldehyde are potent inhibitors of muscle protein synthesis, and both contractile and non-contractile proteins are affected by acute and chronic alcohol dosage. Muscle RNA is also reduced by mechanisms involving increased RNase activities. In general, muscle protease activities are either reduced or unaltered, although markers of muscle membrane damage are increased which may be related to injury by reactive oxygen species. This supposition is supported by the observation that in the UK, alpha-tocopherol status is poor in myopathic alcoholics. Reduced alpha-tocopherol may pre-dispose the muscle to metabolic injury. However, experimental alpha-tocopherol supplementation is ineffective in preventing ethanol-induced lesions in muscle as defined by reduced rates of protein synthesis and in Spanish alcoholics with myopathy, there is no evidence of impaired alpha-tocopherol status. In conclusion, by a complex series of mechanisms, alcohol adversely affects skeletal muscle. In addition to the mechanical changes to muscle, there are important metabolic consequences, by virtue of the fact that skeletal muscle is 40% of body mass and an important contributor to whole-body protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Preedy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College London, UK.
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38
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Preedy VR, Adachi J, Peters TJ, Worrall S, Parkkila S, Niemela O, Asamo M, Ueno Y, Takeda K, Yamauchi M, Sakamoto K, Takagi M, Nakajima H, Toda G. Recent Advances In the Pathology of Alcoholic Myopathy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adachi J, Asano M, Ueno Y, Marway JS, Camilleri PM, Peters TJ, Preedy VR. Acute effect of ethanol on 7-hydroperoxycholesterol in muscle and liver. Lipids 2001; 36:267-71. [PMID: 11337982 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that ethanol sensitivities of muscle and liver can be discerned in the initial periods of ethanol exposure, especially when acetaldehyde levels are markedly raised with cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor. To test this, we measured cholesterol hydroperoxides in soleus (Type I) and plantaris (Type II) muscle in four groups of rats acutely (i.e., 2.5 h) exposed to: [S] saline (control), [Cy] cyanamide, [EtOH] ethanol, or [Cy + EtOH] cyanamide + ethanol. Comparative reference was also made to the response of the liver. After 2.5 h, ethanol alone significantly increased 7 alpha-hydroperoxycholest-5-en-3 beta-ol (7 alpha-OOH) and 7 beta-hydroperoxycholest-5-en-3 beta-ol (7 beta-OOH) levels in plantaris muscle. Identical qualitative effects were seen in rats treated with cyanamide + ethanol, but there was no discernible difference between groups [EtOH] and [Cy + EtOH]. In both the soleus muscle and liver, none of the treatments with either ethanol or cyanamide + ethanol had any effect on any of the measured parameters. This is the first report of a differential response of 7 alpha-OOH and 7 beta-OOH in Type II, compared to Type I predominant muscles, and the first time that muscle has been shown to be more sensitive than the liver in terms of its lipid marker response to oxidative stress. Perturbations in the muscle membrane lipid domain may contribute to impairment of muscle in alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho 7 Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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40
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Turner RT, Kidder LS, Kennedy A, Evans GL, Sibonga JD. Moderate alcohol consumption suppresses bone turnover in adult female rats. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:589-94. [PMID: 11277278 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.3.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse is a major risk factor for osteoporosis but the effects of moderate drinking on bone metabolism are largely uninvestigated. Here, we studied the long-term dose-response (0, 3, 6, 13, and 35% caloric intake) effects of alcohol on cancellous bone in the proximal tibia of 8-month-old female rats. After 4 months of treatment, all alcohol-consuming groups of rats had decreased bone turnover. The inhibitory effects of alcohol on bone formation were dose dependent. A reduction in osteoclast number occurred at the lowest level of consumption but there were no further reductions with higher levels of consumption. An imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption at higher levels of consumption of alcohol resulted in trabecular thinning. Our observations in rats raise the concern that moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages in humans may reduce bone turnover and potentially have detrimental effects on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Turner
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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41
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Abstract
Alcohol is the most frequently used drug worldwide and remains a socially acceptable hepatotoxin. Although the toxic effects of alcohol on various organs (liver, pancreas, heart, and intestine) are well recognized, the role of alcohol in overall energy and protein metabolism is less well understood. In particular, the efficiency of alcohol as a source of calories and as a substrate for energy production appears to be influenced by the amount of both alcohol and fat consumption as well as by gender. The relationship between alcohol intake and body weight is complex, but it is a clinical dilemma with important nutritional implications for weight management in addition to specific organ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Falck-Ytter
- Robert Schwartz Center for Metabolism and Nutrition, Division of Gastroenterology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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42
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Baracos VE, Samuels SE, Adegoke OA. Anabolic and catabolic mediators of intestinal protein turnover: a new experimental approach. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2000; 3:183-9. [PMID: 10871233 DOI: 10.1097/00075197-200005000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies on regulation of protein turnover in skeletal muscle have revealed the important contributions of protein synthesis and catabolism to tissue protein balance, and have identified a host of specific anabolic and catabolic stimuli and biochemical mechanisms that regulate these processes. This knowledge is critical to current efforts designed to promote anabolism and limit atrophy. Of the tissues with a potentially large contribution to whole-body amino acid metabolism, protein turnover of the intestine stands out as being poorly understood. The intestine is subject to complexities in regulation of its metabolism that are not apparent for other tissues. The study of intestinal protein turnover also entails some important technical challenges. We recently developed an in-situ experimental system for study of intestinal mucosal protein synthesis with the following unique features: multiple observations within an animal; controlled delivery of nutritional stimuli to the apical side, basolateral side, or both; and luminal delivery of tracer in a flooding dose for determination of protein synthesis. We have begun to use the system to test the specific roles of individual luminal nutrients in regulation of mucosal protein synthesis. We have also used protease gene expression as an index of potential regulation of catabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Baracos
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Strang J, Arnold WN, Peters T. Absinthe: what's your poison? Though absinthe is intriguing, it is alcohol in general we should worry about. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1999; 319:1590-2. [PMID: 10600949 PMCID: PMC1127080 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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