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Garnier O, Vilgrain I. Dialogue between VE-Cadherin and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor1 (S1PR1) for Protecting Endothelial Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044018. [PMID: 36835432 PMCID: PMC9959973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells (EC) of established blood vessels in adults remain extraordinarily quiescent in the sense that they are not actively proliferating, but they fulfill the necessary role to control the permeability of their monolayer that lines the interior of blood vessels. The cell-cell junctions between ECs in the endothelium comprise tight junctions and adherens homotypic junctions, which are ubiquitous along the vascular tree. Adherens junctions are adhesive intercellular contacts that are crucial for the organization of the EC monolayer and its maintenance and regulation of normal microvascular function. The molecular components and underlying signaling pathways that control the association of adherens junctions have been described in the last few years. In contrast, the role that dysfunction of these adherens junctions has in contributing to human vascular disease remains an important open issue. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid mediator found at high concentrations in blood which has important roles in the control of the vascular permeability, cell recruitment, and clotting that follow inflammatory processes. This role of S1P is achieved through a signaling pathway mediated through a family of G protein-coupled receptors designated as S1PR1. This review highlights novel evidence for a direct linkage between S1PR1 signaling and the mediation of EC cohesive properties that are controlled by VE-cadherin.
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2
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Yoon HY, Maron BY, Girald-Berlingeri S, Gasilina A, Gollin JC, Jian X, Akpan I, Yohe ME, Randazzo PA, Chen PW. ERK phosphorylation is dependent on cell adhesion in a subset of pediatric sarcoma cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2022; 1869:119264. [PMID: 35381293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) and Pax-Foxo1 fusion negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS) are pediatric sarcomas with poor prognoses in patients with advanced disease. In both malignancies, an actin binding protein has been linked to poor prognosis. Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are closely coupled to actin networks and IAC-mediated signaling has been implicated in the progression of carcinomas. However, the relationship of IACs and actin cytoskeleton remodeling with cell signaling is understudied in pediatric sarcomas. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IAC dynamics affect ERK activation in OS and FN-RMS cell lines. Adhesion dependence of ERK activation differed among the OS and FN-RMS cells examined. In the OS cell lines, adhesion did not have a consistent effect on phospho-ERK (pERK). ERK phosphorylation in response to fetal calf serum or 1 ng/ml EGF was nearly as efficient in OS cell lines and one FN-RMS cell line in suspension as cells adherent to poly-l-lysine (PL) or fibronectin (FN). By contrast, adhesion to plastic, PL or FN increased ERK phosphorylation and was greater than additive with a 15 min exposure to 1 ng/ml EGF in three FN-RMS cell lines. Increases in pERK were partly dependent on FAK and PAK1/2 but independent of IAC maturation. As far as we are aware, this examination of adhesion-dependent signaling is the first in pediatric sarcomas and has led to the discovery of differences from the prevailing paradigms and differences in the degree of coupling between components in the signaling pathways among the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Yoon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ben Y Maron
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Sofia Girald-Berlingeri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Anjelika Gasilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Josephine C Gollin
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Itoro Akpan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Marielle E Yohe
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
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Apte A, Manich M, Labruyère E, Datta S. PI Kinase-EhGEF2-EhRho5 axis contributes to LPA stimulated macropinocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010550. [PMID: 35594320 PMCID: PMC9173640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan responsible for several pathologies in humans. Trophozoites breach the intestinal site to enter the bloodstream and thus traverse to a secondary site. Macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, collectively accounting for heterophagy, are the two major processes responsible for sustenance of Entamoeba histolytica within the host. Both of these processes require significant rearrangements in the structure to entrap the target. Rho GTPases play an indispensable role in mustering proteins that regulate cytoskeletal remodelling. Unlike phagocytosis which has been studied in extensive detail, information on machinery of macropinocytosis in E. histolytica is still limited. In the current study, using site directed mutagenesis and RNAi based silencing, coupled with functional studies, we have demonstrated the involvement of EhRho5 in constitutive and LPA stimulated macropinocytosis. We also report that LPA, a bioactive phospholipid present in the bloodstream of the host, activates EhRho5 and translocates it from cytosol to plasma membrane and endomembrane compartments. Using biochemical and FRAP studies, we established that a PI Kinase acts upstream of EhRho5 in LPA mediated signalling. We further identified EhGEF2 as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of EhRho5. In the amoebic trophozoites, EhGEF2 depletion leads to reduced macropinocytic efficiency of trophozoites, thus phenocopying its substrate. Upon LPA stimulation, EhGEF2 is found to sequester near the plasma membrane in a wortmannin sensitive fashion, explaining a possible mode for activation of EhRho5 in the amoebic trophozoites. Collectively, we propose that LPA stimulated macropinocytosis in E. histolytica is driven by the PI Kinase-EhGEF2-EhRho5 axis. Entamoeba histolytica is an enteric parasite in humans, which leads to various pathologies like dysentery, diarrhoea and abscess formation. Host cells are known to secrete chemokines and growth factors, which are utilized by trophozoites for sustenance and pathogenesis. The sustenance of this parasite within the host requires nutrient uptake, which involves macropinocytosis and phagocytosis. However, the regulation of macropinocytosis is less explored in E. histolytica. We have established for the first time that constitutive as well as LPA stimulated macropinocytosis in amoebic trophozoites functions via PI Kinase-EhGEF2-EhRho5 axis. We also excavated the dynamicity and the spatio-temporal regulation of EhRho5 activity and the associated dynamics in the LPA stimulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala Apte
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Maria Manich
- Bioimage Analysis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Sunando Datta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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4
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Wen ZQ, Liu D, Zhang Y, Cai ZJ, Xiao WF, Li YS. G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Osteoarthritis: A Novel Perspective on Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758220. [PMID: 34746150 PMCID: PMC8564363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptor proteins that trigger numerous intracellular signaling pathways in response to the extracellular stimuli. The GPCRs superfamily contains enormous structural and functional diversity and mediates extensive biological processes. Until now, critical roles have been established in many diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). Existing studies have shown that GPCRs play an important role in some OA-related pathogenesis, such as cartilage matrix degradation, synovitis, subchondral bone remodeling, and osteophyte formation. However, current pharmacological treatments are mostly symptomatic and there is a paucity of disease-modifying OA drugs so far. Targeting GPCRs is capable of inhibiting cartilage matrix degradation and synovitis and up-regulating cartilage matrix synthesis, providing a new therapeutic strategy for OA. In this review, we have comprehensively summarized the structures, biofunctions, and the novel roles of GPCRs in the pathogenesis and treatment of OA, which is expected to lay the foundation for the development of novel therapeutics against OA. Even though targeting GPCRs may ameliorate OA progression, many GPCRs-related therapeutic strategies are still in the pre-clinical stage and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Qin Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Jun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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5
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Che L, Xu M, Gao K, Wang L, Yang X, Wen X, Xiao H, Li M, Jiang Z. Mammary tissue proteomics in a pig model indicates that dietary valine supplementation increases milk fat content via increased de novo synthesis of fatty acid. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6213-6223. [PMID: 34760251 PMCID: PMC8565212 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat is a major source of energy that determines the growth of neonates. Recently, studies have shown that valine is closely related to lipid metabolism. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary valine supplementation on milk fat synthesis using a pig model. Thirty gilts were allotted to low (LV, total valine:lysine = 0.63:1), medium (MV, total valine:lysine = 0.73:1), and high (HV, total valine:lysine = 0.93:1) valine feeding levels from Day 75 of gestation till farrowing. The results demonstrated that the concentration of milk fat at Days 1, 3, and 7 of lactation in the HV group was higher than that in the MV and LV groups. The HV group had an increased (p < .05) proportion of total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids than the other groups. Examination of mammary tissue proteomics in the HV and LV groups revealed 121 differentially expressed proteins (68 upregulated and 53 downregulated in the HV group). The upregulated proteins in the HV group were relevant to some crucial pathways related to milk fat synthesis, including fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, the AMPK signaling pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, the key proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis (ACACA and FASN) were identified, and their expression levels were verified (p < .05) using Western blotting. Our findings revealed that dietary valine supplementation improves milk fat synthesis by modulating the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related proteins in mammary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Che
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHenan University of Animal Husbandry and EconomyZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHenan University of Animal Husbandry and EconomyZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaiguo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuefen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaolu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengyun Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHenan University of Animal Husbandry and EconomyZhengzhouChina
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
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6
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Cáceres P, Barría A, Christensen KA, Bassini LN, Correa K, Garcia B, Lhorente JP, Yáñez JM. Genome-scale comparative analysis for host resistance against sea lice between Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13231. [PMID: 34168167 PMCID: PMC8225872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea lice (Caligus rogercresseyi) is an ectoparasite which causes major production losses in the salmon aquaculture industry worldwide. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are two of the most susceptible salmonid species to sea lice infestation. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify genomic regions associated with resistance to Caligus rogercresseyi in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout by performing single-step Genome-Wide Association studies (ssGWAS), and (2) identify candidate genes related to trait variation based on exploring orthologous genes within the associated regions across species. A total of 2626 Atlantic salmon and 2643 rainbow trout were challenged and genotyped with 50 K and 57 K SNP panels, respectively. We ran two independent ssGWAS for sea lice resistance on each species and identified 7 and 13 regions explaining more than 1% of the genetic variance for the trait, with the most important regions explaining 3% and 2.7% for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, respectively. We identified genes associated with immune response, cytoskeleton function, and cell migration when focusing on important genomic regions for each species. Moreover, we found 15 common orthogroups which were present in more than one associated genomic region, within- or between-species; however, only one orthogroup showed a clear potential biological relevance in the response against sea lice. For instance, dual-specificity protein phosphatase 10-like (dusp10) and dual-specificity protein phosphatase 8 (dusp8) were found in genomic regions associated with lice density in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, respectively. Dusp10 and dusp8 are modulators of the MAPK pathway and might be involved in the differences of the inflammation response between lice resistant and susceptible fish from both species. Our results provide further knowledge on candidate genes related to sea lice resistance and may help establish better control for sea lice in fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cáceres
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustín Barría
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Kris A Christensen
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liane N Bassini
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katharina Correa
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Baltasar Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, 14884900, Brazil
| | | | - José M Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile.
- Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Research and Innovation in Aquaculture (CRIA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Zhai G, Liang W, Xu Y. High Expression of Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Nerve Injury in LSS Patients via AKT Mediated NF-κB p65 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:641435. [PMID: 33815123 PMCID: PMC8012901 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.641435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a spinal degenerative disease, complicated with nerve injury. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a kind of glycerophospholipid molecule is elevated in the initial stages of neural injury. This research aimed to investigate the patho-mechanism of nerve injury caused by LPA in LSS patients. Twenty-five LSS patients and fifteen idiopathic scoliosis patients (without neurological symptoms) were recruited from Xianyang Central Hospital of Shanxi Province. We measured the concentration of LPA in cerebrospinal fluid samples of all subjects. Different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mol/L) of LPA were used to stimulate Rat Neurons-spinal cord (RN-SC) cells. The effects of LPA on cell injury was detected by MTT and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by FCM (flow cytometry) and TUNEL staining. The changes in the expression of key proteins involved in Akt mediated NF-κB p65 pathway intervened by LPA were determined by western blot. RN-SC cells were pretreated with JSH-23 (NF-κB inhibitor) before LPA exposure, followed by cell apoptosis measurement. The concentration of LPA in LSS patients was notably higher than that in control patients (p < 0.01). The level of LPA was positively correlated with the severity of LSS. LPA treatment induced RN-SC cells displaying oval or rounded cell body with degenerated protrusion dose dependently. In addition, LPA decreased RN-SC cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. LPA initiated Akt phosphorylation, IKB phosphorylation, and NF-κB nuclear translocation in a dose-dependent manner. However, JSH-23 (NF-κB inhibitor) pre-treatment prevented effects of LPA. The high levels of LPA induced nerve injury by reducing the viability of RN-SC cells and promoted cell apoptosis through Akt mediated NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. LPA might be a new therapeutic target for relieving nerve injury in LSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiliang Zhai
- Orthopedic Surgery, Binzhou Central Hospital of Shandong Province, Binzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Binzhou Central Hospital of Shandong Province, Binzhou, ,China
| | - Yongjun Xu
- Xianyang Central Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, China
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8
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Lee D, Kim YH, Kim JH. The Role of Lysophosphatidic Acid in Adult Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:182-191. [PMID: 32587135 PMCID: PMC7378901 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated multipotent precursor cells that are capable both of perpetuating themselves as stem cells (self-renewal) and of undergoing differentiation into one or more specialized types of cells. And these stem cells have been reported to reside within distinct anatomic locations termed “niches”. The long-term goals of stem cell biology range from an understanding of cell-lineage determination and tissue organization to cellular therapeutics for degenerative diseases. Stem cells maintain tissue function throughout an organism’s lifespan by replacing differentiated cells. To perform this function, stem cells provide a unique combination of multilineage developmental potential and the capacity to undergo self-renewing divisions. The loss of self-renewal capacity in stem cells underlies certain degenerative diseases and the aging process. This self-renewal regulation must balance the regenerative needs of tissues that persist throughout life. Recent evidence suggests lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of a variety of stem cells. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking between LPA and stem cell regulation. The LPA-induced signaling pathway regulates the proliferation and survival of stem cells and progenitors, and thus are likely to play a role in the maintenance of stem cell population in the body. This lipid mediator regulatory system can be a novel potential therapeutics for stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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9
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Chun J, Kihara Y, Jonnalagadda D, Blaho VA. Fingolimod: Lessons Learned and New Opportunities for Treating Multiple Sclerosis and Other Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 59:149-170. [PMID: 30625282 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya) was the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved oral therapy for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Research on modified fungal metabolites converged with basic science studies that had identified lysophospholipid (LP) sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, providing mechanistic insights on fingolimod while validating LP receptors as drug targets. Mechanism of action (MOA) studies identified receptor-mediated processes involving the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). These dual actions represent a more general theme for S1P and likely other LP receptor modulators. Fingolimod's direct CNS activities likely contribute to its efficacy in MS, with particular relevance to treating progressive disease stages and forms that involve neurodegeneration. The evolving understanding of fingolimod's MOA has provided strategies for developing next-generation compounds with superior attributes, suggesting new ways to target S1P as well as other LP receptor modulators for novel therapeutics in the CNS and other organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Deepa Jonnalagadda
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Victoria A Blaho
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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10
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Bracher L, Ferro I, Pulido-Quetglas C, Ruepp MD, Johnson R, Polacek N. Human vtRNA1-1 Levels Modulate Signaling Pathways and Regulate Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040614. [PMID: 32316166 PMCID: PMC7226377 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory non-protein coding RNAs perform a remarkable variety of complex biological functions. Previously, we demonstrated a role of the human non-coding vault RNA1-1 (vtRNA1-1) in inhibiting intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. Yet on the molecular level, the function of the vtRNA1-1 is still not fully clear. Here, we created HeLa knock-out cell lines revealing that prolonged starvation triggers elevated levels of apoptosis in the absence of vtRNA1-1 but not in vtRNA1-3 knock-out cells. Next-generation deep sequencing of the mRNome identified the PI3K/Akt pathway and the ERK1/2 MAPK cascade, two prominent signaling axes, to be misregulated in the absence of vtRNA1-1 during starvation-mediated cell death conditions. Expression of vtRNA1-1 mutants identified a short stretch of 24 nucleotides of the vtRNA1-1 central domain as being essential for successful maintenance of apoptosis resistance. This study describes a cell signaling-dependent contribution of the human vtRNA1-1 to starvation-induced programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisamaria Bracher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (L.B.); (I.F.); (M.-D.R.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Iolanda Ferro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (L.B.); (I.F.); (M.-D.R.)
| | - Carlos Pulido-Quetglas
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (L.B.); (I.F.); (M.-D.R.)
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Rory Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Polacek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (L.B.); (I.F.); (M.-D.R.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Farsinejad S, Cattabiani T, Muranen T, Iwanicki M. Ovarian Cancer Dissemination-A Cell Biologist's Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1957. [PMID: 31817625 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) comprises multiple disease states representing a variety of distinct tumors that, irrespective of tissue of origin, genetic aberrations and pathological features, share common patterns of dissemination to the peritoneal cavity. EOC peritoneal dissemination is a stepwise process that includes the formation of malignant outgrowths that detach and establish widespread peritoneal metastases through adhesion to serosal membranes. The cell biology associated with outgrowth formation, detachment, and de novo adhesion is at the nexus of diverse genetic backgrounds that characterize the disease. Development of treatment for metastatic disease will require detailed characterization of cellular processes involved in each step of EOC peritoneal dissemination. This article offers a review of the literature that relates to the current stage of knowledge about distinct steps of EOC peritoneal dissemination, with emphasis on the cell biology aspects of the process.
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Jung JH, Han S, Ju M, Jung ST, Yu YG. Isolation of Single Chain Antibodies Specific to Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 (LPA
1
) from a M13 Phage Display Library Using Purified LPA
1
Stabilized in Nanodiscs. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Jung
- Department of Applied ChemistryKookmin University Seoul 02707 South Korea
| | - Seong‐Gu Han
- Department of Applied ChemistryKookmin University Seoul 02707 South Korea
| | - Man‐Seok Ju
- Department of Applied ChemistryKookmin University Seoul 02707 South Korea
| | - Sang Taek Jung
- Graduate School of MedicineKorea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Yeon Gyu Yu
- Department of Applied ChemistryKookmin University Seoul 02707 South Korea
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Suckau O, Gross I, Schrötter S, Yang F, Luo J, Wree A, Chun J, Baska D, Baumgart J, Kano K, Aoki J, Bräuer AU. LPA 1 , LPA 2 , LPA 4 , and LPA 6 receptor expression during mouse brain development. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:375-395. [PMID: 30847983 PMCID: PMC6593976 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LPA is a small bioactive phospholipid that acts as an extracellular signaling molecule and is involved in cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. LPA acts by binding and activating at least six known G protein–coupled receptors: LPA1–6. In recent years, LPA has been suggested to play an important role both in normal neuronal development and under pathological conditions in the nervous system. Results We show the expression pattern of LPA receptors during mouse brain development by using qRT‐PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry. Only LPA1, LPA2,LPA4, and LPA6 mRNA transcripts were detected throughout development stages from embryonic day 16 until postnatal day 30 of hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum, and bulbus olfactorius in our experiments, while expression of LPA3 and LPA5 genes was below detection level. In addition to our qRT‐PCR results, we also analyzed the cellular protein expression of endogenous LPA receptors, with focus on LPA1 and LPA2 within postnatal brain slices and primary neuron differentiation with and without cytoskeleton stabilization and destabilization. Conclusions The expression of LPA receptors changes depends on the developmental stage in mouse brain and in cultured hippocampal primary neurons. Interestingly, we found that commercially available antibodies for LPA receptors are largely unspecific. LPA1, ‐2, ‐4, and ‐6 genes are dynamically expressed during postnatal brain development. LPA1, ‐2, ‐4, and ‐6 genes are differently expressed in the hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum, and bulbus olfactorius. LPA1 and ‐2 gene expression alters during neuronal differentiation. LPA1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐6 genes are expressed in glia cells, but differed in gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Suckau
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Gross
- Institute of Anatomy, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schrötter
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Albrecht Kossel Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jiankai Luo
- Albrecht Kossel Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - David Baska
- Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Baumgart
- Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anja U Bräuer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Mouchlis VD, Dennis EA. Phospholipase A 2 catalysis and lipid mediator lipidomics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:766-71. [PMID: 30905345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes are the upstream regulators of the eicosanoid pathway liberating free arachidonic acid from the sn-2 position of membrane phospholipids. Free intracellular arachidonic acid serves as a substrate for the eicosanoid biosynthetic enzymes including cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450s that lead to inflammation. The Group IVA cytosolic (cPLA2), Group VIA calcium-independent (iPLA2), and Group V secreted (sPLA2) are three well-characterized human enzymes that have been implicated in eicosanoid formation. In this review, we will introduce and summarize the regulation of catalytic activity and cellular localization, structural characteristics, interfacial activation and kinetics, substrate specificity, inhibitor binding and interactions, and the downstream implications for eicosanoid biosynthesis of these three important PLA2 enzymes.
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Kuo B, Szabó E, Lee SC, Balogh A, Norman D, Inoue A, Ono Y, Aoki J, Tigyi G. The LPA 2 receptor agonist Radioprotectin-1 spares Lgr5-positive intestinal stem cells from radiation injury in murine enteroids. Cell Signal 2018; 51:23-33. [PMID: 30063964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly proliferating cells are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation and can undergo apoptosis if the oxidative and genotoxic injury exceed the defensive and regenerative capacity of the cell. Our earlier work has established the antiapoptotic action of the growth factor-like lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Activation of the LPA2 GPCR has been hypothesized to elicit antiapoptotic and regenerative actions of LPA. Based on this hypothesis we developed a novel nonlipid agonist of LPA2, which we designated Radioprotectin-1 (RP-1). We tested RP-1 at the six murine LPA GPCR subtypes using the transforming growth factor alpha shedding assay and found that it had a 25 nM EC50 that is similar to that of LPA18:1 at 32 nM. RP-1 effectively reduced apoptosis induced by γ-irradiation and the radiomimetic drug Adriamycin only in cells that expressed LPA2 either endogenously or after transfection. RP-1 reduced γ-H2AX levels in irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts transduced with the human LPA2 GPCR but was ineffective in vector transduced MEF control cells and significantly increased clonogenic survival after γ-irradiation. γ-Irradiation induced the expression of lpar2 transcripts that was further enhanced by RP-1 exposure within 30 min after irradiation. RP-1 decreased the mortality of C57BL/6 mice in models of the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal acute radiation syndromes. Using Lgr5-EGFP-CreER;Tdtomatoflox transgenic mice, we found that RP-1 increased the survival and growth of intestinal enteroids via the enhanced survival of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the LPA2-specific agonist RP-1 exerts its radioprotective and radiomitigative action through specific activation of the upregulated LPA2 GPCR in Lgr5+ stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Kuo
- Research Division, VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Erzsébet Szabó
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Derek Norman
- Research Division, VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuki Ono
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Gábor Tigyi
- Research Division, VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
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Hernández-Araiza I, Morales-Lázaro SL, Canul-Sánchez JA, Islas LD, Rosenbaum T. Role of lysophosphatidic acid in ion channel function and disease. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1198-1211. [PMID: 29947596 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00226.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that exhibits a wide array of functions that include regulation of protein synthesis and adequate development of organisms. LPA is present in the membranes of cells and in the serum of several mammals and has also been shown to participate importantly in pathophysiological conditions. For several decades it was known that LPA produces some of its effects in cells through its interaction with specific G protein-coupled receptors, which in turn are responsible for signaling pathways that regulate cellular function. Among the target proteins for LPA receptors are ion channels that modulate diverse aspects of the physiology of cells and organs where they are expressed. However, recent studies have begun to unveil direct effects of LPA on ion channels, highlighting this phospholipid as a direct agonist and adding to the knowledge of the field of lipid-protein interactions. Moreover, the roles of LPA in pathophysiological conditions associated with the function of some ion channels have also begun to be clarified, and molecular mechanisms have been identified. This review focuses on the effects of LPA on ion channel function under normal and pathological conditions and highlights our present knowledge of the mechanisms by which it regulates the function and expression of N- and T-type Ca++ channels; M-type K+ channel and inward rectifier K+ channel subunit 2.1; transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin 2, TRP vanilloid 1, and TRP ankyrin 1 channels; and TWIK-related K+ channel 1 (TREK-1), TREK-2, TWIK-related spinal cord K+ channel (TRESK), and TWIK-related arachidonic acid-stimulated K+ channel (TRAAK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Hernández-Araiza
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Aldair Canul-Sánchez
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - León D Islas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
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Hwang SU, Kim KJ, Kim E, Yoon JD, Park KM, Jin M, Han Y, Kim M, Lee G, Hyun SH. Lysophosphatidic acid increases in vitro maturation efficiency via uPA-uPAR signaling pathway in cumulus cells. Theriogenology 2018; 113:197-207. [PMID: 29554602 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid-derived signaling molecule with biological activities, such as stimulating cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. In the present study, we examined the effect of LPA on porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) and subsequent embryonic development following parthenogenetic activation (PA) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). During IVM, the maturation medium was supplemented with various concentrations of LPA (0, 10, 30, and 60 μM). After 42 h of IVM, the 30 μM LPA-treated group showed a significant (P <0.05) increase in nuclear maturation and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels compared with the other groups. The 30 μM LPA-treated group exhibited a significant decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared with the other groups. In PA, the 30 μM LPA-treated group had significantly higher cleavage (CL) and blastocyst (BL) rates compared with those of the other LPA-treated groups. In IVF, the 30 μM LPA-treated group had significantly higher CL and BL rates than the other LPA-treated groups. The expression of the developmental competence gene (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA) in the oocytes and cumulus cells of the individuals in the 30 μM LPA-treated group was significantly increased compared with the control group. In addition, the specific expression of urokinase Plasminogen Activator (uPA) and uPA Receptor (uPAR) in cumulus cells was significantly increased in the 30 μM LPA-treated group. The western blotting results revealed that LPA improves the activities of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) by enhanced phosphorylation. In conclusion, treatment with 30 μM LPA during IVM promotes enhances the EGF-EGFR signaling pathway, resulting in cumulus cell expansion. And then, this treatment improves the developmental potential of PA and IVF porcine embryos by enhancing nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation and reducing ROS.
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19
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He M, van Wijk E, van Wietmarschen H, Wang M, Sun M, Koval S, van Wijk R, Hankemeier T, van der Greef J. Spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission in correlation to inflammatory metabolism and oxidative stress in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis. J Photochem Photobiol B 2017; 168:98-106. [PMID: 28199905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis has driven the development of new approaches and technologies for investigating the pathophysiology of this devastating, chronic disease. From the perspective of systems biology, combining comprehensive personal data such as metabolomics profiling with ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) data may provide key information regarding the complex pathophysiology underlying rheumatoid arthritis. In this article, we integrated UPE with metabolomics-based technologies in order to investigate collagen-induced arthritis, a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, at the systems level, and we investigated the biological underpinnings of the complex dataset. Using correlation networks, we found that elevated inflammatory and ROS-mediated plasma metabolites are strongly correlated with a systematic reduction in amine metabolites, which is linked to muscle wasting in rheumatoid arthritis. We also found that increased UPE intensity is strongly linked to metabolic processes (with correlation co-efficiency |r| value >0.7), which may be associated with lipid oxidation that related to inflammatory and/or ROS-mediated processes. Together, these results indicate that UPE is correlated with metabolomics and may serve as a valuable tool for diagnosing chronic disease by integrating inflammatory signals at the systems level. Our correlation network analysis provides important and valuable information regarding the disease process from a system-wide perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard van Wijk
- Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Meluna Research, Geldermalsen, The Netherlands; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Herman van Wietmarschen
- Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; TNO, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Wang
- Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; SU Biomedicine, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Slavik Koval
- Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland van Wijk
- Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Meluna Research, Geldermalsen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Greef
- Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; TNO, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
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Mika A, Sledzinski T. Alterations of specific lipid groups in serum of obese humans: a review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:247-272. [PMID: 27899022 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major contributor to the dysfunction of liver, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine and reproductive system, as well as a component of metabolic syndrome. Although development of obesity-related disorders is associated with lipid abnormalities, most previous studies dealing with the problem in question were limited to routinely determined parameters, such as serum concentrations of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Many authors postulated to extend the scope of analysed lipid compounds and to study obesity-related alterations in other, previously non-examined groups of lipids. Comprehensive quantitative, structural and functional analysis of specific lipid groups may result in identification of new obesity-related alterations. The review summarizes available evidence of obesity-related alterations in various groups of lipids and their impact on health status of obese subjects. Further, the role of diet and endogenous lipid synthesis in the development of serum lipid alterations is discussed, along with potential application of various lipid compounds as risk markers for obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Christian Bharathi A, Srinivas S, Syed Ibrahim B. Exploring the binding mechanism and kinetics of Piperine with snake venom secretory Phospholipase A2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:209-220. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1271750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sistla Srinivas
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, John F Welch Technology Centre, EPIP, Phase 2, Whitefield Road, Bangalore, 560048, India
| | - B. Syed Ibrahim
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
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Men X, Shi J, Liang W, Zhang Q, Lian G, Quan S, Zhu L, Luo Z, Chen M, Zhang D. Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 3 (OsGPAT3) is required for anther development and male fertility in rice. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:513-526. [PMID: 28082511 PMCID: PMC6055571 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid molecules are key structural components of plant male reproductive organs, such as the anther and pollen. Although advances have been made in the understanding of acyl lipids in plant reproduction, the metabolic pathways of other lipid compounds, particularly glycerolipids, are not fully understood. Here we report that an endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzyme, Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 3 (OsGPAT3), plays an indispensable role in anther development and pollen formation in rice. OsGPAT3 is preferentially expressed in the tapetum and microspores of the anther. Compared with wild-type plants, the osgpat3 mutant displays smaller, pale yellow anthers with defective anther cuticle, degenerated pollen with defective exine, and abnormal tapetum development and degeneration. Anthers of the osgpat3 mutant have dramatic reductions of all aliphatic lipid contents. The defective cuticle and pollen phenotype coincide well with the down-regulation of sets of genes involved in lipid metabolism and regulation of anther development. Taking these findings together, this work reveals the indispensable role of a monocot-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase in male reproduction in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaibin Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology Lerner Research Institute and the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195
| | | | | | - Benjamin M. Schwartz
- Department of Cancer Biology Lerner Research Institute and the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most debilitating and expensive diseases, yet current therapies are often insufficient in bringing about long-term relief. Further, many treatments for chronic pain also carry significant side effects. The molecule adenosine has long been identified as a potent inhibitor of nociceptive circuits in the spinal cord; however, the widespread expression of adenosine receptors in many organ systems has limited its use as an analgesic. Recently several 5' ectonucleotidases, including tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), have been characterized for their ability to generate endogenous adenosine in nociceptive circuitry of the dorsal spinal cord. These ectonucleotidases have the ability to hydrolyze the endogenous pronociceptive nucleotides like adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into the antinociceptive nucleoside adenosine. This chapter discusses the role of TNAP and other ectonucleotidases in nociceptive circuits, and their potential as future targets of new therapeutics to treat chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Street
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,
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Abstract
The field of lipidomics, as coined in 2003, has made profound advances and been rapidly expanded. The mass spectrometry-based strategies of this analytical methodology-oriented research discipline for lipid analysis are largely fallen into three categories: direct infusion-based shotgun lipidomics, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based platforms, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry-based approaches (particularly in imagining lipid distribution in tissues or cells). This review focuses on shotgun lipidomics. After briefly introducing its fundamentals, the major materials of this article cover its recent advances. These include the novel methods of lipid extraction, novel shotgun lipidomics strategies for identification and quantification of previously hardly accessible lipid classes and molecular species including isomers, and novel tools for processing and interpretation of lipidomics data. Representative applications of advanced shotgun lipidomics for biological and biomedical research are also presented in this review. We believe that with these novel advances in shotgun lipidomics, this approach for lipid analysis should become more comprehensive and high throughput, thereby greatly accelerating the lipidomics field to substantiate the aberrant lipid metabolism, signaling, trafficking, and homeostasis under pathological conditions and their underpinning biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Rowland H Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Orlando, FL 32827, USA; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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Wang C, Wang M, Han X. Comprehensive and quantitative analysis of lysophospholipid molecular species present in obese mouse liver by shotgun lipidomics. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4879-87. [PMID: 25860968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Shotgun lipidomics exploits the unique chemical and physical properties of lipid classes and individual molecular species to facilitate the high-throughput analysis of a cellular lipidome on a large scale directly from the extracts of biological samples. A platform for comprehensive analysis of lysophospholipid (LPL) species based on shotgun lipidomics has not been established. Herein, after extensive characterization of the fragmentation pattern of individual LPL class and optimization of all experimental conditions including developing new methods for optimization of collision energy, and recovery and enrichment of LPL classes from the aqueous phase after solvent extraction, a new method for comprehensive and quantitative analysis of LPL species was developed. This newly developed method was applied for comprehensive analysis of LPL species present in mouse liver samples. Remarkably, the study revealed significant accumulation of LPL species in the liver of ob/ob mice. Taken together, by exploiting the principles of shotgun lipidomics in combination with a novel strategy of sample preparation, LPL species present in biological samples can be determined by the established method. We believe that this development is significant and useful for understanding the pathways of phospholipid metabolism and for elucidating the role of LPL species in signal transduction and other biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Miao Wang
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Xianlin Han
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
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Xiong X, Liu X, Zhou L, Yang J, Yang B, Ma H, Xie X, Huang Y, Fang S, Xiao S, Ren J, Chen C, Ma J, Huang L. Genome-wide association analysis reveals genetic loci and candidate genes for meat quality traits in Chinese Laiwu pigs. Mamm Genome 2015; 26:181-90. [PMID: 25678226 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-015-9558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Meat quality traits have economically significant impacts on the pig industry, and can be improved using molecular approaches in pig breeding. Since 1994 when the first genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in pig was reported, over the past two decades, numerous QTLs have been identified for meat quality traits by family based linkage analyses. However, little is known about the genetic variants for meat quality traits in Chinese purebred or outbred populations. To unveil it, we performed a genome-wide association study for 10 meat quality traits in Chinese purebred Laiwu pigs. In total, 75 significant SNPs (P < 1.01 × 10(-6)) and 33 suggestive SNPs (P < 2.03 × 10(-5)) were identified. On SSC12, a region between 56.22 and 61.49 Mb harbored a cluster of SNPs that were associated with meat color parameters (L*, lightness; a*, redness; b*, yellowness) and moisture content of longissimus muscle (LM) and semimembranosus muscle at the genome-wide significance level. A region on SSC4 also has pleiotropic effects on moisture content and drip loss of LM. In addition, this study revealed at least five novel QTLs and several candidate genes including 4-linked MYH genes (MYH1, MYH2, MYH3, and MYH13), MAL2, LPAR1, and PRKAG3 at four significant loci. Except for the SSC12 QTL, other QTLs are likely tissue-specific. These results provide new insights into the genetic basis of meat quality traits in Chinese Laiwu pigs and some significant SNPs reported here could be incorporated into the selection programs involving this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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Vargas-Martínez F, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Petersson M, Olausson HA, Jiménez-Estrada I. Neuropeptides as neuroprotective agents: Oxytocin a forefront developmental player in the mammalian brain. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 123:37-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ho YH, Yao CL, Lin KH, Hou FH, Chen WM, Chiang CL, Lin YN, Li MW, Lin SH, Yang YJ, Lin CC, Lu J, Tigyi G, Lee H. Opposing regulation of megakaryopoiesis by LPA receptors 2 and 3 in K562 human erythroleukemia cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:172-83. [PMID: 25463482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes and megakaryocytes (MK) are derived from a common progenitor that undergoes lineage specification. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a lipid growth factor was previously shown to be a regulator for erythropoietic process through activating LPA receptor 3 (LPA3). However, whether LPA affects megakaryopoiesis remains unclear. In this study, we used K562 leukemia cell line as a model to investigate the roles of LPA in MK differentiation. We demonstrated that K562 cells express both LPA2 and LPA3, and the expression levels of LPA2 are higher than LPA3. Treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a commonly used inducer of megakaryopoiesis, reciprocally regulates the expressions of LPA2 and LPA3. By pharmacological blockers and knockdown experiments, we showed that activation of LPA2 suppresses whereas, LPA3 promotes megakaryocytic differentiation in K562. The LPA2-mediated inhibition is dependent on β-catenin translocation, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is a downstream signal for activation of LPA3. Furthermore, the hematopoietic transcriptional factors GATA-1 and FLI-1, appear to be involved in these regulatory mechanisms. Taken together, our results suggested that LPA2 and LPA3 may function as a molecular switch and play opposing roles during megakaryopoiesis of K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fen-Han Hou
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ling Chiang
- School of Biomedical Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Yu-Nung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Wei Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shi-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Jan Yang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jenher Lu
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, USA.
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Angiogenesis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Murataeva N, Straiker A, Mackie K. Parsing the players: 2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesis and degradation in the CNS. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1379-91. [PMID: 24102242 PMCID: PMC3954479 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The endogenous cannabinoid signalling system, composed of endogenous cannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endogenous cannabinoids, is much more complex than initially conceptualized. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid and plays a major role in CNS development and synaptic plasticity. Over the past decade, many key players in 2-AG synthesis and degradation have been identified and characterized. Most 2-AG is synthesized from membrane phospholipids via sequential activation of a phospholipase Cβ and a diacylglycerol lipase, although other pathways may contribute in specialized settings. 2-AG breakdown is more complicated with at least eight different enzymes participating. These enzymes can either degrade 2-AG into its components, arachidonic acid and glycerol, or transform 2-AG into highly bioactive signal molecules. The implications of the precise temporal and spatial control of the expression and function of these pleiotropic metabolizing enzymes have only recently come to be appreciated. In this review, we will focus on the primary organization of the synthetic and degradative pathways of 2-AG and then discuss more recent findings and their implications, with an eye towards the biological and therapeutic implications of manipulating 2-AG synthesis and metabolism. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Murataeva
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN, USA
| | - A Straiker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN, USA
| | - K Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN, USA
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David M, Machuca-Gayet I, Kikuta J, Ottewell P, Mima F, Leblanc R, Bonnelye E, Ribeiro J, Holen I, Vales RL, Jurdic P, Chun J, Clézardin P, Ishii M, Peyruchaud O. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor type 1 (LPA1) plays a functional role in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6551-6564. [PMID: 24429286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.533232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a natural bioactive lipid that acts through six different G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6) with pleiotropic activities on multiple cell types. We have previously demonstrated that LPA is necessary for successful in vitro osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow cells. Bone cells controlling bone remodeling (i.e. osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes) express LPA1, but delineating the role of this receptor in bone remodeling is still pending. Despite Lpar1(-/-) mice displaying a low bone mass phenotype, we demonstrated that bone marrow cell-induced osteoclastogenesis was reduced in Lpar1(-/-) mice but not in Lpar2(-/-) and Lpar3(-/-) animals. Expression of LPA1 was up-regulated during osteoclastogenesis, and LPA1 antagonists (Ki16425, Debio0719, and VPC12249) inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Blocking LPA1 activity with Ki16425 inhibited expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein and interfered with the fusion but not the proliferation of osteoclast precursors. Similar to wild type osteoclasts treated with Ki16425, mature Lpar1(-/-) osteoclasts had reduced podosome belt and sealing zone resulting in reduced mineralized matrix resorption. Additionally, LPA1 expression markedly increased in the bone of ovariectomized mice, which was blocked by bisphosphonate treatment. Conversely, systemic treatment with Debio0719 prevented ovariectomy-induced cancellous bone loss. Moreover, intravital multiphoton microscopy revealed that Debio0719 reduced the retention of CX3CR1-EGFP(+) osteoclast precursors in bone by increasing their mobility in the bone marrow cavity. Overall, our results demonstrate that LPA1 is essential for in vitro and in vivo osteoclast activities. Therefore, LPA1 emerges as a new target for the treatment of diseases associated with excess bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion David
- INSERM, UMR1033, UCB Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69732 Lyon, France
| | - Irma Machuca-Gayet
- CNRS, UMR5242, ENS, Équipe Biologie Cellulaire et Physiopathologie Osseuse, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 102-0076 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Penelope Ottewell
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fuka Mima
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 102-0076 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raphael Leblanc
- INSERM, UMR1033, UCB Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69732 Lyon, France
| | - Edith Bonnelye
- INSERM, UMR1033, UCB Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69732 Lyon, France
| | - Johnny Ribeiro
- INSERM, UMR1033, UCB Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69732 Lyon, France
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rùben Lopez Vales
- Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Unitat de Fisiologia Mèdica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Jurdic
- CNRS, UMR5242, ENS, Équipe Biologie Cellulaire et Physiopathologie Osseuse, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- INSERM, UMR1033, UCB Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69732 Lyon, France
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 102-0076 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Olivier Peyruchaud
- INSERM, UMR1033, UCB Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69732 Lyon, France.
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Choi SH, Lee BH, Kim HJ, Hwang SH, Lee SM, Nah SY. Activation of lysophosphatidic Acid receptor is coupled to enhancement of ca(2+)-activated potassium channel currents. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 17:223-8. [PMID: 23776399 PMCID: PMC3682083 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-activated K(+) (BKCa) channel is one of the potassium-selective ion channels that are present in the nervous and vascular systems. Ca(2+) is the main regulator of BKCa channel activation. The BKCa channel contains two high affinity Ca(2+) binding sites, namely, regulators of K(+) conductance, RCK1 and the Ca(2+) bowl. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1-radyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate) is one of the neurolipids. LPA affects diverse cellular functions on many cell types through G protein-coupled LPA receptor subtypes. The activation of LPA receptors induces transient elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) levels through diverse G proteins such as Gαq/11, Gαi, Gα12/13, and Gαs and the related signal transduction pathway. In the present study, we examined LPA effects on BKCa channel activity expressed in Xenopus oocytes, which are known to endogenously express the LPA receptor. Treatment with LPA induced a large outward current in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. However, repeated treatment with LPA induced a rapid desensitization, and the LPA receptor antagonist Ki16425 blocked LPA action. LPA-mediated BKCa channel activation was also attenuated by the PLC inhibitor U-73122, IP3 inhibitor 2-APB, Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA, or PKC inhibitor calphostin. In addition, mutations in RCK1 and RCK2 also attenuated LPA-mediated BKCa channel activation. The present study indicates that LPA-mediated activation of the BKCa channel is achieved through the PLC, IP3, Ca(2+), and PKC pathway and that LPA-mediated activation of the BKCa channel could be one of the biological effects of LPA in the nervous and vascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Nam YS, Suh JS, Song HJ, Sohn UD. Signaling pathway of lysophosphatidic Acid-induced contraction in feline esophageal smooth muscle cells. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 17:139-47. [PMID: 23626476 PMCID: PMC3634091 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysolipids such as LPA, S1P and SPC have diverse biological activities including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. We investigated signaling pathways of LPA-induced contraction in feline esophageal smooth muscle cells. We used freshly isolated smooth muscle cells and permeabilized cells from cat esophagus to measure the length of cells. Maximal contraction occurred at 10-6 M and the response peaked at 30s. To identify LPA receptor subtypes in cells, western blot analysis was performed with antibodies to LPA receptor subtypes. LPA1 and LPA3 receptor were detected at 50 kDa and 44 kDa. LPA-induced contraction was almost completely blocked by LPA receptor (1/3) antagonist KI16425. Pertussis toxin (PTX) inhibited the contraction induced by LPA, suggesting that the contraction is mediated by a PTX-sensitive G protein. Phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitors U73122 and neomycin, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X also reduced the contraction. The PKC-mediated contraction may be isozyme-specific since only PKCε antibody inhibited the contraction. MEK inhibitor PD98059 and JNK inhibitor SP600125 blocked the contraction. However, there is no synergistic effect of PKC and MAPK on the LPA-induced contraction. In addition, RhoA inhibitor C3 exoenzyme and ROCK inhibitor Y27632 significantly, but not completely, reduced the contraction. The present study demonstrated that LPA-induced contraction seems to be mediated by LPA receptors (1/3), coupled to PTX-sensitive G protein, resulting in activation of PLC, PKC-ε pathway, which subsequently mediates activation of ERK and JNK. The data also suggest that RhoA/ROCK are involved in the LPA-induced contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sung Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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Velmans T, Battefeld A, Geist B, Farrés AS, Strauss U, Bräuer AU. Plasticity-related gene 3 promotes neurite shaft protrusion. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:36. [PMID: 23506325 PMCID: PMC3623789 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we and others proposed plasticity-related gene 3 (PRG3) as a novel molecule in neuritogenesis based on PRG3 overexpression experiments in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. However, direct information on PRG3 effects in neuronal development and, in particular, its putative spatio-temporal distribution and conditions of action, is sparse. Results We demonstrate here that PRG3 induces filopodia formation in HEK293 cells depending on its N-glycosylation status. The PRG3 protein was strongly expressed during mouse brain development in vivo from embryonic day 16 to postnatal day 5 (E16 – P5). From P5 on, expression declined. Furthermore, in early, not yet polarized hippocampal cultured neurons, PRG3 was expressed along the neurite shaft. Knock-down of PRG3 in these neurons led to a decreased number of neurites. This phenotype is rescued by expression of an shRNA-resistant PRG3 construct in PRG3 knock-down neurons. After polarization, endogenous PRG3 expression shifted mainly to axons, specifically to the plasma membrane along the neurite shaft. These PRG3 pattern changes appeared temporally and spatially related to ongoing synaptogenesis. Therefore we tested (i) whether dendritic PRG3 re-enhancement influences synaptic currents and (ii) whether synaptic inputs contribute to the PRG3 shift. Our results rendered both scenarios unlikely: (i) PRG3 over-expression had no influence on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) and (ii) blocking of incoming signals did not alter PRG3 distribution dynamics. In addition, PRG3 levels did not interfere with intrinsic neuronal properties. Conclusion Taken together, our data indicate that endogenous PRG3 promotes neurite shaft protrusion and therefore contributes to regulating filopodia formation in immature neurons. PRG3 expression in more mature neurons, however, is predominantly localized in the axon. Changes in PRG3 levels did not influence intrinsic or synaptic neuronal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Velmans
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Jiang G, Inoue A, Aoki J, Prestwich GD. Phosphorothioate analogs of sn-2 radyl lysophosphatidic acid (LPA): Metabolically stabilized LPA receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1865-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Strauss U, Bräuer AU. Current views on regulation and function of plasticity-related genes (PRGs/LPPRs) in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:133-8. [PMID: 23388400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity-related genes (PRGs, Lipid phosphate phosphatase-related proteins LPPRs) are a defined as a subclass of the lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP) superfamily, comprising so far five brain- and vertebrate-specific membrane-spanning proteins. LPPs interfere with lipid phosphate signaling and are thereby involved in mediating the extracellular concentration and signal transduction of lipid phosphate esters such as lysophosphatidate (LPA) and spingosine-1 phosphate (S1P). LPPs dephosphorylate their substrates through extracellular catalytic domains, thus making them ecto-phosphatases. PRGs/LPPRs are structurally similar to the other LPP family members in general. They are predominantly expressed in the CNS in a subtype specific pattern rather than having a wide tissue distribution. In contrast to LPPs, PRGs/LPPRs may act by modifying bioactive lipids and their signaling pathways, rather than possessing an ecto-phosphatase activity. However, the exact functional roles of PRGs/LPPRs have just begun to be explored. Here, we discuss new findings on the neuron-specific transcriptional regulation of PRG1/LPPR4 and new insights into protein-protein interaction and signaling pathway regulation. Further, we start to shed light on the subcellular localization and the resulting functional modulatory influence of PRG1/LPPR4 expression in excitatory synaptic transmission to the established neural effects such as promotion of filopodia formation, neurite extension, axonal sprouting and reorganization after lesion. This range of effects suggests an involvement in the pathogenesis and/or reparation attempts in disease. Therefore, we summarize available data on the association of PRGs/LPPRs with several neurological and other diseases in humans and experimental animals. Finally we highlight important open questions and emerging future directions of research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Strauss
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kehler AK, Andersen C, Andreasen JR, Vohra R, Junker N, Poulsen KA, Kolko M. Interaction between VEGF and Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2in Proliferation and Migration of Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Curr Eye Res 2012; 37:500-7. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.663855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Choi HJ, Han JS. Overexpression of phospholipase D enhances Bcl-2 expression by activating STAT3 through independent activation of ERK and p38MAPK in HeLa cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1823:1082-91. [PMID: 22504301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the role of phospholipase D (PLD) isozymes in Bcl-2 expression. Overexpression of PLD1 or PLD2 increased Bcl-2 expression and phosphatidic acid (PA), the product of PLDs, also upregulated Bcl-2 expression. Treatment with PA activated the phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2))/G(i)/ERK1/2, RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)/p38 MAPK, and Rac1/p38 MAPK pathways. PA-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was attenuated by a PLA(2) inhibitor (mepacrine) and, a G(i) protein inhibitor (pertussis toxin, PTX). On the other hand, p38 MAPK phosphorylation was attenuated by a dominant negative Rac1 and a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y-27632). These results suggest that PLA(2)/G(i) acts at the upstream of ERK1/2, while Rac1 and RhoA/ROCK act upstream of p38 MAPK. We next, tried to determine which transcription factor is involved in PLD-related Bcl-2 expression. When signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity was blocked by a STAT3 specific siRNA, PA-induced Bcl-2 expression was remarkably decreased, suggesting that STAT3 is an essential transcription factor linking PLD to Bcl-2 upregulation. Taken together, these findings indicate that PLD acts as an important regulator in Bcl-2 expression by activating STAT3 involving the phosphorylation of Ser727 through the PLA(2)/G(i)/ERK1/2, RhoA/ROCK/p38 MAPK, and Rac1/p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim MJ, Shin HJ, Won KA, Yang KY, Ju JS, Park YY, Park JS, Bae YC, Ahn DK. Progesterone produces antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects in rats with microinjected lysophosphatidic acid in the trigeminal nerve root. Mol Pain 2012; 8:16. [PMID: 22429647 PMCID: PMC3315401 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In our present study, we studied the role of demyelination of the trigeminal nerve root in the development of prolonged nociceptive behavior in the trigeminal territory. Results Under anesthesia, the Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted onto a stereotaxic frame and 3 μL of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1 nmol) was injected into the trigeminal nerve root to produce demyelination. This treatment decreased the air-puff thresholds, persisted until postoperative day 130, and then returned to the preoperative levels 160 days after LPA injection. The LPA-treated rats also showed a significant hyper-responsiveness to pin-prick stimulation. We further investigated the antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects of progesterone in rats undergoing demyelination of the trigeminal nerve root. Progesterone (8, 16 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously, beginning on the operative day, for five consecutive days in the LPA-treated rats. Treatment with progesterone produced significant early anti-allodynic effects and delayed prolonged anti-allodynic effects. The expression of protein zero (P0) and peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) were significantly down-regulated in the trigeminal nerve root on postoperative day 5 following LPA injection. This down-regulation of the P0 and PMP22 levels was blocked by progesterone treatment. Conclusions These results suggest that progesterone produces antinociceptive effects through neuroprotective action in animals with LPA-induced trigeminal neuropathic pain. Moreover, progesterone has potential utility as a novel therapy for trigeminal neuropathic pain relief at an appropriate managed dose and is therefore a possible future treatment strategy for improving the recovery from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Latreille M, Abu-Thuraia A, Oliva R, Zuo D, Larose L. Casein kinase iγ2 impairs fibroblasts actin stress fibers formation and delays cell cycle progression in g1. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:684684. [PMID: 22496693 DOI: 10.1155/2012/684684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodeling is under the regulation of multiple proteins with various activities. Here, we demonstrate that the γ2 isoform of Casein Kinase I (CKIγ2) is part of a novel molecular path regulating the formation of actin stress fibers. We show that overexpression of CKIγ2 in fibroblasts alters cell morphology by impairing actin stress fibers formation. We demonstrate that this is concomitant with increased phosphorylation of the CDK inhibitor p27Kip and lower levels of activated RhoA, and is dependent on CKIγ2 catalytic activity. Moreover, we report that roscovitine, a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, including Cdk5, decreases p27Kip protein levels and restores actin stress fibers formation in CKIγ2 overexpressing cells, suggesting the existence of a CKIγ2-Cdk5-p27Kip-RhoA pathway in regulating actin remodeling. On the other hand, we also show that in a manner independent of its catalytic activity, CKIγ2 delays cell cycle progression through G1. Collectively our findings reveal that CKIγ2 is a novel player in the control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell proliferation.
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Dorman K, Shen Z, Yang C, Ezzat S, Asa SL. CtBP1 interacts with Ikaros and modulates pituitary tumor cell survival and response to hypoxia. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:447-57. [PMID: 22301782 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) is a transcriptional corepressor that plays an important role in mammalian development and tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that CtBP is expressed in adenohypophyseal cells and is expressed at high levels in human corticotroph, somatotroph, and lactotroph pituitary adenomas. CtBP interacts with Ikaros isoforms in GH4 and AtT20 pituitary tumor cells. Ikaros and CtBP1 expression is coordinately induced by hypoxia, and this response is abrogated by CtBP1 deficiency. Forced reduction of CtBP1 leads to reduced cell growth, up-regulation of Sprouty 2, and down-regulation of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 2 (Enpp2). Consistent with diminished Enpp2 activity, CtBP1-deficient pituitary cells are more susceptible to hypoxia-induced apoptosis, which is rescued by Enpp2-derived lysophosphatidic acid treatment. These results identify putative oncogenic properties of CtBP1 and provide new insights into the overlapping functions of two members of the chromatin remodeling network in the response to hypoxic pituitary tumor cell drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Dorman
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Mammal, plant, and mainly microbial phospholipases are continuously being studied, experimented, and some of them are even commercially available at industrial scale for food industry. This is because the use of phospholipases in the production of specific foods leads to attractive advantages, such as yield improvement, energy saving, higher efficiency, improved properties, or better quality of the final product. Furthermore, biocatalysis approaches in the food industry are of current interest as non-pollutant and cleaner technologies. The present chapter reviews the most representative examples of the use of phospholipases in food industry, namely edible oils, dairy, and baking products, emulsifying agents, as well as the current trend to the development of novel molecular species of phospholipids with added-value characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Casado
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Jeon CY, Moon MY, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Kim JG, Li Y, Jin JK, Kim PH, Kim HC, Meier KE, Kim YS, Park JB. Control of neurite outgrowth by RhoA inactivation. J Neurochem 2011; 120:684-98. [PMID: 22035369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
cAMP induces neurite outgrowth in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line 12 (PC12). In particular, di-butyric cAMP (db-cAMP) induces a greater number of primary processes with shorter length than the number induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). db-cAMP up- and down-regulates GTP-RhoA levels in PC12 cells in a time-dependent manner. Tat-C3 toxin stimulates neurite outgrowth, whereas lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and constitutively active (CA)-RhoA reduce neurite outgrowth, suggesting that RhoA inactivation is essential for the neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells stimulated by cAMP. In this study, the mechanism by which RhoA is inactivated in response to cAMP was examined. db-cAMP induces phosphorylation of RhoA and augments the binding of RhoA with Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Moreover, RhoA (S188D) mimicking phosphorylated RhoA induces greater neurite outgrowth than RhoA (S188A) mimicking dephosphorylated form does. Additionally, db-cAMP increases GTP-Rap1 levels, and dominant negative (DN)-Rap1 and DN-Rap-dependent RhoGAP (ARAP3) block neurite outgrowth induced by db-cAMP. DN-p190RhoGAP and the Src inhibitor PP2 suppress neurite outgrowth, whereas transfection of c-Src and p190RhoGAP cDNAs synergistically stimulate neurite outgrowth. Taken together, RhoA is inactivated by phosphorylation of itself, by p190RhoGAP which is activated by Src, and by ARAP3 which is activated by Rap1 during neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells in response to db-cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, South Korea
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Kim JH, Adelstein RS. LPA(1) -induced migration requires nonmuscle myosin II light chain phosphorylation in breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2881-93. [PMID: 21302283 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced migration found in tumor cells is often caused by external stimuli and the sequential participation of cytoskeleton-related signaling molecules. However, until now, the molecular connection between the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor and nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) has not been analyzed in detail for LPA-induced migration. Here, we demonstrate that LPA induces migration by activating the LPA(1) receptor which promotes phosphorylation of the 20 kDa NM II light chain through activation of Rho kinase (ROCK). We show that LPA-induced migration is insensitive to pertussis toxin (PTX) but does require the LPA(1) receptor as determined by siRNA and receptor antagonists. LPA activates ROCK and also increases GTP-bound RhoA activity, concomitant with the enhanced membrane recruitment of RhoA. LPA-induced migration and invasion are attenuated by specific inhibitors including C3 cell-permeable transferase and Y-27632. We demonstrate that NM II plays an important role in LPA-induced migration and invasion by inhibiting its cellular function with blebbistatin and shRNA lentivirus directed against NM II-A or II-B. Inhibition or loss of either NM II-A or NM II-B in 4T1 cells results in a decrease in migration and invasion. Restoration of the expression of NM II-A or NM II-B also rescued LPA-induced migration. Taken together, these results suggest defined pathways for signaling through the LPA(1) receptor to promote LPA-mediated NM II activation and subsequent cell migration in 4T1 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1583, USA
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Goldsmith ZG, Ha JH, Jayaraman M, Dhanasekaran DN. Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulates the Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells via the gep Proto-Oncogene Gα(12). Genes Cancer 2011; 2:563-75. [PMID: 21901169 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911419362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an agonist that activates specific G protein-coupled receptors, is present at an elevated concentration in the serum and ascitic fluid of ovarian cancer patients. Although the increased levels of LPA have been linked to the genesis and progression of different cancers including ovarian carcinomas, the specific signaling conduit utilized by LPA in promoting different aspects of oncogenic growth has not been identified. Here, we show that LPA stimulates both migration and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Using multiple approaches, we demonstrate that the stimulation of ovarian cancer cells with LPA results in a robust and statistically significant proliferative response. Our results also indicate that Gα(12), the gep proto-oncogene, which can be stimulated by LPA via specific LPA receptors, is overtly activated in a large array of ovarian cancer cells. We further establish that LPA stimulates the rapid activation of Gα(12) in SKOV-3 cells and the expression of CT12, an inhibitory minigene of Gα(12) that disrupts LPAR-Gα(12) interaction and potently inhibits such activation. Using this inhibitory molecule as well as the shRNA approach, we show that the inhibition of Gα(12) or silencing of its expression drastically and significantly attenuates LPA-mediated proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines such as SKOV3, Hey, and OVCAR-3. Together with our findings that the silencing of Gα(12) does not have any significant effect on LPA-mediated migratory response of SKOV3 cells, our results point to a critical role for LPA-LPAR-Gα(12) signaling in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and not in migration. Thus, results presented here for the first time demonstrate that the gep proto-oncogene forms a specific node in LPA-LPAR-mediated mitogenic signaling in ovarian cancer cells.
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Lang C, Flieger A. Characterisation of Legionella pneumophila phospholipases and their impact on host cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:903-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Kamijo H, Matsumura Y, Thumkeo D, Koike S, Masu M, Shimizu Y, Ishizaki T, Narumiya S. Impaired vascular remodeling in the yolk sac of embryos deficient in ROCK-I and ROCK-II. Genes Cells 2011; 16:1012-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2011.01546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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E Spohr TCLDS, Dezonne RS, Rehen SK, Gomes FCA. Astrocytes treated by lysophosphatidic acid induce axonal outgrowth of cortical progenitors through extracellular matrix protein and epidermal growth factor signaling pathway. J Neurochem 2011; 119:113-23. [PMID: 21834854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plays important roles in many biological processes, such as brain development, oncogenesis and immune functions, via its specific receptors. We previously demonstrated that LPA-primed astrocytes induce neuronal commitment of cerebral cortical progenitors (Spohr et al. 2008). In the present study, we analyzed neurite outgrowth induced by LPA-treated astrocytes and the molecular mechanism underlying this event. LPA-primed astrocytes increase neuronal differentiation, arborization and neurite outgrowth of developing cortical neurons. Treatment of astrocytes with epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligands yielded similar results, suggesting that members of the EGF family might mediate LPA-induced neuritogenesis. Furthermore, treatment of astrocytes with LPA or EGF ligands led to an increase in the levels of the extracellular matrix molecule, laminin (LN), thus enhancing astrocyte permissiveness to neurite outgrowth. This event was reversed by pharmacological inhibitors of the MAPK signaling pathway and of the EGF receptor. Our data reveal an important role of astrocytes and EGF receptor ligands pathway as mediators of bioactive lipids action in brain development, and implicate the LN and MAPK pathway in this process.
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Dutta S, Wang FQ, Wu HS, Mukherjee TJ, Fishman DA. The NF-κB pathway mediates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced VEGF signaling and cell invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Gynecol Oncol 2011; 123:129-37. [PMID: 21782227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our previous report has implicated the involvement of VEGF-VEGFR-2 h signaling in LPA-induced EOC invasion. However, the mechanism by which LPA regulates VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we systematically examined the signal transduction pathways activated by LPA and further evaluated whether LPA's effect on VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling and EOC invasion was mediated by the activation of NF-κB pathway. METHODS Using a signal transduction PathwayFinder PCR array, we examined the expression change of 86 key genes representing 18 signal transduction pathways in DOV13 and SKOV3 cells upon LPA (20 μM) treatment. We also used quantitative PCR, Western blotting and ELISA to evaluate the effect of NF-κB pathway inhibition on VEGF(121), VEGF(165) and VEGFR-2 mRNA and protein expression/secretion with or without the presence of LPA (20 μM) in SKOV3. Cell invasion under various treatment conditions was assessed by Matrigel invasion assay and MMP-2 secretion was detected by gelatin zymography. RESULTS Our results showed that in both DOV13 and SKOV3, several of the NF-κB pathway components, such as TNF, are consistently activated by LPA stimulation. In addition, treatment with an NF-κB pathway activation inhibitor, at 10 μM, significantly decreased LPA-induced VEGF(121), VEGF(165) and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression and VEGF secretion, as well as LPA-induced SKOV3 invasion (p<0.05). When combined with an EGFR inhibitor, NF-κB pathway inhibition exhibited a significantly stronger effect than used alone (p<0.05) on reducing LPA-induced VEGF secretion and cell invasion. Additionally, NF-κB inhibition also decreased LPA-induced MMP-2 secretion and MMP-1 expression (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the NF-κB pathway plays an important role in LPA-induced VEGF signaling and EOC invasion and targeting this pathway may reveal potential therapeutic options for metastatic EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Dutta
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Tsujioka H, Yotsumoto F, Hikita S, Ueda T, Kuroki M, Miyamoto S. Targeting the heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in ovarian cancer therapy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2011; 23:24-30. [PMID: 20966750 DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0b013e3283409c91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Therapeutics targeting the ErbB protein family receptors have not always yielded favorable or successful results in present cancer therapy. This review discusses the possibility of the clinical adaptation of targeting against heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), one of the ligands of the ErbB system, in ovarian cancer therapy. RECENT FINDINGS We have previously described the results of studies concerning roles of HB-EGF in tumor formation in ovarian cancer. In brief, lisophosphatidic acid (LPA) and HB-EGF are predominantly expressed in advanced ovarian cancer, and LPA-induced, a disintegrin and metalloprotease-mediated ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF was found to be critical to tumor formation. We also noted that exogenous expression of HB-EGF enhanced tumor formation but inhibition blocked both extracellular signal-related kinase and serine/threonine protein kinase activation. Finally we investigated the antitumor effects of CRM197 - a specific HB-EGF inhibitor - on ovarian cancer cells by evaluating human ovarian cancer cell proliferation. SUMMARY We discuss alternative strategies to develop the chemotherapeutic agent based on targeting ErbB family ligands rather than their receptors. A phase I study of CRM197 for advanced ovarian cancer has already begun, which is the first approved trial of ErbB-ligand-targeted therapy. We also discuss clinical adaptations based on combination of CRM197 with other conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
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