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Yin L, Chen Q, Huang Q, Wang X, Zhang D, Lin Z, Wang Y, Liu Y. Physiological role of dietary energy in the sexual maturity: clues of body size, gonad development, and serum biochemical parameters of Chinese indigenous chicken. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103157. [PMID: 37862869 PMCID: PMC10590745 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual maturity is a crucial factor in the formation and development of poultry reproductive capacity. The nutritional status has been confirmed to play an important role in the regulation of sexual maturity. To investigate the effect of dietary energy levels on sexual maturity in chicken, diets with 3 energy levels (group L: 2,573 kcal/kg, group C: 2,836 kcal/kg, group H: 3,122 kcal/kg) were implemented to feed Guangyuan Gray chickens. During this trial, body weight, body size, organ development, sexual maturity, reproductive performance and blood biochemical parameters were monitored. The earlier sexual maturity was observed in group H, as well as a heavier first egg weight, larger interpubic distance and higher total cholesterol (T-CHO) content at sexual maturity. The dietary energy levels had no significant effect on body weight at first egg and egg production at 300 d of age. Although dietary energy levels had a significant effect on body weight, comb length, tibia length and girth, abdominal fat weight, oviduct weight and length, T-CHO, triglyceride (TG) content and estradiol (E2) level during the rearing period. No significant difference of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) level among 3 groups was observed during the trial. The dietary energy levels had effects on mRNA expression of GnRH, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) in hypothalamus, gonadotropin inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIHR) in pituitary and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), ESR2 in ovary. The GnIHR/GnRHR ratio in pituitary was higher before sexual maturity and decreased at sexual maturity. The results of correlations analysis found that all the body size, carcass traits, serum biochemical parameters negatively correlated with age at first egg except for interpubic distance and serum blood glucose content. Collectively, dietary energy levels had effects on sexual maturity of chicken, which may be achieved by affecting body weight, gonad development, endocrine and the mRNA expression of genes related to hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis. These results further set our understanding of how dietary energy regulates sexual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qinke Huang
- Guangyuan Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangyuan 628000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Donghao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongzhen Lin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Hirakuni Y, Itonaga T, Matsuda F, Maeda M, Ihara K. Diabetic lipemia as a predisposing state to acute pancreatitis: a case report and literature review. Diabetol Int 2023; 14:304-311. [PMID: 37397897 PMCID: PMC10307933 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia has been recognized as a common complication of diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA), whereas severe hypertriglyceridemia, also known as diabetic lipemia, rarely occurs and is associated with an increasing risk of acute pancreatitis. We report the case of a 4-year-old girl with new-onset DKA associated with remarkable hypertriglyceridemia. Her serum triglyceride (TG) level was as high as 2490 mg/dL on admission and 11,072 mg/dL on day two during treatment with hydration and intravenous insulin infusion, whereas the critical situation was successfully stabilized by standard treatment for DKA without the occurrence of pancreatitis. We reviewed 27 cases of diabetic lipemia with or without pancreatitis that were described in the relevant literature to identify risk factors for the occurrence of pancreatitis in children with DKA. As a result, the severity of hypertriglyceridemia or ketoacidosis, age at onset, type of diabetes, and presence of systemic hypotension, were not associated with the development of pancreatitis; however, the occurrence of pancreatitis in girls over 10 years old tended to be higher than that in boys. The serum TG levels and DKA successfully normalized in most of the cases with insulin infusion therapy with hydration, without other specific treatments (e.g., heparin therapy and plasmapheresis). We conclude that the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in diabetic lipemia could be avoided with appropriate hydration and insulin therapy, without specific treatment for hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hirakuni
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Tomoyo Itonaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Fumika Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Miwako Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
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Montazeri-Najafabady N, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Asmarian N, Rais Pour H. Age-, Sex-, and Puberty-Associated Reference Intervals for Lipid Profile in Iranian Children and Adolescents. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:9143234. [PMID: 36876280 PMCID: PMC9984260 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9143234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood dyslipidemia is considered a major worldwide health issue. Identification of children with dyslipidemia is notably essential for healthcare providers in establishing and releasing recommendations for the management and prevention of future CVD. In the present study, we provided reference values for the lipid profile from Kawar (a city in the south of Iran) cohort of healthy children and adolescents aged 9-18 years. 472 subjects (234 girls and 238 boys) contributed to the current prospective cohort study using a systematic random sample stratified by age. Fasting lipid levels were measured by enzymatic reagents. Dual-energyX-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to evaluate puberty based on the Tanner stages. LMS Chart Maker and Excel software were used to construct the gender-specific reference plots showing the 3, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 97th percentiles of BMI, cholesterol, TG, HDL, TC, LDL, and non-HDL. The outcomes revealed that concentrations of TC, LDL, and non-HDL were drastically greater in girls as compared to boys. TG increased with age in both genders, while HDL, TC, LDL, and non-HDL declined. We also observed that puberty was associated with higher lipid values in boys and girls except for TG in boys. Our study prepared age- and sex-specific reference intervals for the lipid profile in Iranian children and adolescents. Converted to age and gender percentiles, these reference intervals are expected to serve as an effective and consistent tool for doctors to identify dyslipidemia among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naeimehossadat Asmarian
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Homeyra Rais Pour
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Is Associated with Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Prepubertal Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7120272. [PMID: 33291623 PMCID: PMC7761898 DOI: 10.3390/children7120272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is associated with age, sex, and puberty. The association of SHBG with various diseases has been suggested nowadays, however, the relationships in prepubertal children have not been sufficiently investigated. This study analyzed the relationship of SHBG with body mass index (BMI) and plasma lipid levels in prepubertal children. We evaluated the association of SHBG with BMI among the 693 prepubertal children subdivided into normal, overweight, and obese groups, with plasma lipid levels among the children subdivided into normal and dyslipidemia groups. The obese and overweight group had lower SHBG levels than the normal BMI group in both sexes. The dyslipidemia group included subjects with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglycerides (TG), or a high atherogenic index of plasma (AIP); this group had lower SHBG than the normal lipid group. SHBG was positively correlated with HDL-C, and negatively correlated with TG and AIP. After adjusting for BMI, SHBG was positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with TG and AIP in all groups. In conclusion, SHBG levels are closely correlated with BMI in prepubertal children. SHBG may play a meaningful role in the decrease in HDL-C and increase in TG during prepubertal age.
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Schienkiewitz A, Truthmann J, Ernert A, Wiegand S, Schwab KO, Scheidt-Nave C. Age, maturation and serum lipid parameters: findings from the German Health Survey for Children and Adolescents. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1627. [PMID: 31796007 PMCID: PMC6891966 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recommendations on preventive lipid screening among children and adolescents remain controversial. The aim of the study was to assess age and puberty-related changes in serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), and high-density (HDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C). Methods Using cross-sectional data from the National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents in Germany (KiGGS 2003–2006; N = 13,676; 1–17 years), changes in distributions of serum lipids were visualized according to sex, age and maturation. Youth aged 10–17 years were classified as prepubescent, early/mid-puberty, and mature/advanced puberty. Multiple linear regressions were used to quantify the impact of pubertal stage on serum lipid levels, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results Among children 1–9 years mean serum lipid measures increased with age, with higher mean TC and Non-HDL-C among girls than boys. Among children 10–17 years, advanced pubertal stage was independently related to lower lipid measures. Adjusted mean TC, HDL-C and Non-HDL-C was 19.4, 5.9 and 13.6 mg/dL lower among mature/advanced puberty compared to prepubescent boys and 11.0, 4.0 and 7.0 mg/dL lower in mature/advanced puberty compared to prepubescent girls. Conclusions Lipid concentrations undergo considerable and sex-specific changes during physical growth and sexual maturation and significantly differ between pubertal stages. Screening recommendations need to consider the fluctuations of serum lipids during growth and sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schienkiewitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Truthmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Ernert
- Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Otfried Schwab
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christa Scheidt-Nave
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.
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Stavnsbo M, Skrede T, Aadland E, Aadland KN, Chinapaw M, Anderssen SA, Andersen LB, Resaland GK. Cardiometabolic risk factor levels in Norwegian children compared to international reference values: The ASK study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220239. [PMID: 31425532 PMCID: PMC6699667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate cardiometabolic risk factor levels in a group of Norwegian 10-year-old children compared to international values and examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the reference-standardized clustered risk score. Methods 913 children (49% girls) were included from the Active Smarter Kids (ASK) study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-C ratio, triglyceride (TG), glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) score and CRF, were standardized according to international age-and sex-specific reference values. Results The Norwegian children had significantly more favorable WC, DBP, glucose, HDL-C and CRF levels compared to the international reference values, but similar or less favorable levels of other cardiometabolic risk factors. CRF was the variable that differed the most from the international values (mean (95% CI) 1.20 (1.16 to 1.24) SD). The clustered risk score (excluding CRF) was higher in the Norwegian children, but decreased to below international levels when including CRF (mean (95% CI) - 0.08 (- 0.12 to –0.05) SD). CRF had a significant inverse association with the clustered risk score (excluding CRF) (β - 0.37 SD, 95% CI –0.43 to –0.31). Conclusions Norwegian children have substantially higher CRF levels than international standards, and including CRF in clustered risk scores reduces overall risk in Norwegian children below that of international levels. CRF is associated with improved cardiometabolic health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Stavnsbo
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Turid Skrede
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Katrine N. Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Mai Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sigmund A. Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir K. Resaland
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
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Peçanha AS, Monteiro AM, Gazolla FM, Madeira IR, Bordallo MAN, Carvalho CNM, Cavalini LT. Ultrasound as a method to evaluate the distribution of abdominal fat in obese prepubertal children and the relationship between abdominal fat and metabolic alterations. Radiol Bras 2018; 51:293-296. [PMID: 30369655 PMCID: PMC6198845 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2016.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernanda Mussi Gazolla
- Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (HUPE-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabel Rey Madeira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Martínez-Perafán F, Santoli MF, López-Nigro M, Carballo MA. Assessment of the health status and risk of genotoxic and cytotoxic damage in Argentinian adolescents living near horticultural crops. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5950-5959. [PMID: 29235034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In some rural areas in Argentina, adolescents may be considered as a group indirectly exposed to agrochemicals because their parents plant small crops near their homes. This could become a health risk to children and adolescents who may be more sensitive to exposure to chemicals than adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the health status of two different groups of Argentinian adolescents using biochemical parameters, dietary information, and cytogenetic biomarkers of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The study groups included 32 adolescents from Montecarlo, who were indirectly exposed to agrochemicals, and 30 unexposed adolescents from Exaltación de la Cruz. The values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma glutamyltransferase, and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were higher (p < 0.05) in males from Exaltación de la Cruz compared with those from Montecarlo. The BuChE activity was also higher (p < 0.05) in females from this region. Furthermore, the consumption of citrus, vegetable-like fruits, tubers, and red meat was more frequent (p < 0.05) in Montecarlo. On the other hand, differences in frequency of biomarkers of genetic damage in lymphocytes were not found (p > 0.05). However, the cytome assay in buccal cells showed that karyorrhectic and pyknotic cells were more frequent (p < 0.05) in the Montecarlo group; whereas, the frequencies of cells with nuclear buds, condensed chromatin and karyolysis were higher (p < 0.05) in the Exaltación de la Cruz group. Despite the differences between the parameters and biomarkers evaluated, the adolescents of Montecarlo did not present health impairment probably due to the type and level of exposure to agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Martínez-Perafán
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, INFIBIOC-Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIGETOX (Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Santoli
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, INFIBIOC-Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIGETOX (Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela López-Nigro
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, INFIBIOC-Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIGETOX (Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Ana Carballo
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, INFIBIOC-Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIGETOX (Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Thackray AE, Barrett LA, Tolfrey K. Sex differences in postprandial lipaemia after acute high-intensity interval running in young people. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1673-1681. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1409610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Thackray
- Paediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Laura A. Barrett
- Paediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Keith Tolfrey
- Paediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Wagner J, Abdel-Rahman SM. Pediatric Statin Administration: Navigating a Frontier with Limited Data. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2016; 21:380-403. [PMID: 27877092 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-21.5.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, children and adolescents with dyslipidemia qualify for pharmacologic intervention. As they are for adults, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are the mainstay of pediatric dyslipidemia treatment when lifestyle modifications have failed. Despite the overall success of these drugs, the magnitude of variability in dose-exposure-response profiles contributes to adverse events and treatment failure. In children, the cause of treatment failures remains unclear. This review describes the updated guidelines for screening and management of pediatric dyslipidemia and statin disposition pathway to assist the provider in recognizing scenarios where alterations in dosage may be warranted to meet patients' specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wagner
- Ward Family Heart Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri ; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Susan M Abdel-Rahman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
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Thackray AE, Barrett LA, Tolfrey K. Energy replacement diminishes the effect of exercise on postprandial lipemia in boys. Metabolism 2016; 65:496-506. [PMID: 26975542 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute bouts of exercise reduce postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations ([TAG]) in healthy boys and girls; however, it is not known whether this effect is mediated by the energy deficit. This study examined whether the exercise-induced reduction in postprandial [TAG] persists after immediate dietary replacement of the exercise energy expenditure (EE). METHODS Eighteen healthy 11- to 13-year-old boys (mean (SD): body mass 41.3 (8.4)kg; peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2) 55 (5)mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) completed three, 2-day conditions in a within-measures, crossover design separated by 14days. On day 1, participants rested (CON), exercised at 60% peak V̇O2 inducing a net EE of 32kJ·kg(-1) body mass (EX-DEF) or completed the same exercise with the net EE replaced immediately (EX-REP). On day 2, capillary blood samples were taken in the fasted state and at pre-determined intervals throughout the 6.5h postprandial period. A standardised breakfast and lunch meal were consumed immediately and 4h, respectively, after the fasting sample. RESULTS Based on ratios of the geometric means (95% confidence intervals (CI) for ratios), EX-DEF fasting [TAG] was 19% and 15% lower than CON (-32 to -4%, ES=1.15, P=0.02) and EX-REP (-29 to 0%, ES=0.91, P=0.05) respectively; CON and EX-REP were similar (-4%; P=0.59). The EX-DEF total area under the [TAG] versus time curve was 15% and 16% lower than CON (-27 to 0%, ES=0.55, P=0.05) and EX-REP (-29 to -2%, ES=0.62, P=0.03) respectively; CON and EX-REP were not different (2%; -13 to 20%, P=0.80). CONCLUSION Immediate replacement of the exercise-induced energy deficit negates the reduction in postprandial [TAG] in boys; this highlights the importance of maintaining a negative energy balance immediately post-exercise to maximise the metabolic health benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Thackray
- Paediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Laura A Barrett
- Paediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Keith Tolfrey
- Paediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Braamskamp MJ, Langslet G, McCrindle BW, Cassiman D, Francis GA, Gagné C, Gaudet D, Morrison KM, Wiegman A, Turner T, Kusters DM, Miller E, Raichlen JS, Wissmar J, Martin PD, Stein EA, Kastelein JJ. Efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin therapy in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia: Results from the CHARON study. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 9:741-750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ning H, Labarthe DR, Shay CM, Daniels SR, Hou L, Van Horn L, Lloyd-Jones DM. Status of Cardiovascular Health in US Children Up to 11 Years of Age. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015; 8:164-71. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.114.001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ning
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (H.N., D.R.L., L.H., L.V.H., D.M.L.-J.); Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.M.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora (S.R.D.)
| | - Darwin R. Labarthe
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (H.N., D.R.L., L.H., L.V.H., D.M.L.-J.); Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.M.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora (S.R.D.)
| | - Christina M. Shay
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (H.N., D.R.L., L.H., L.V.H., D.M.L.-J.); Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.M.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora (S.R.D.)
| | - Stephen R. Daniels
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (H.N., D.R.L., L.H., L.V.H., D.M.L.-J.); Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.M.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora (S.R.D.)
| | - Lifang Hou
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (H.N., D.R.L., L.H., L.V.H., D.M.L.-J.); Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.M.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora (S.R.D.)
| | - Linda Van Horn
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (H.N., D.R.L., L.H., L.V.H., D.M.L.-J.); Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.M.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora (S.R.D.)
| | - Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (H.N., D.R.L., L.H., L.V.H., D.M.L.-J.); Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.M.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora (S.R.D.)
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Faria ERD, Faria FRD, Franceschini SDCC, Peluzio MDCG, Sant?Ana LFDR, Novaes JFD, Ribeiro SMR, Ribeiro AQ, Priore SE. Resistência à insulina e componentes da síndrome metabólica, análise por sexo e por fase da adolescência. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 58:610-8. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000002613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objetivo: Analisar a influência dos componentes da síndrome metabólica na resistência à insulina, por sexo e fase da adolescência. Sujeitos e métodos: Avaliaram-se dados bioquímicos, clínico, de estilo de vida e composição corporal de 800 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, de ambos os sexos, de Viçosa-MG/Brasil, divididos em fases: inicial (10 a 13 anos), intermediária (14 a 16 anos) e final (17 a 19 anos). Resultados: 10,3 e 3,4% apresentavam, respectivamente, resistência à insulina e síndrome metabólica. Na fase inicial, observaram-se maior prevalência de dislipidemia e na intermediária, de hiperuricemia e excesso de gordura corporal. O sexo feminino apresentou maior prevalência de dislipidemia, excesso de gordura corporal e resistência à insulina e o masculino, maior prevalência de HDL baixo, hiperuricemia e pressão arterial alterada. Os da fase inicial apresentaram maiores valores de colesterol total, LDL, HDL, triglicerídeos, glicemia de jejum e relação cintura/quadril, ficaram menos tempo sentados e realizavam maior número de refeições (p < 0,05) em relação às outras fases. O modelo final, ajustado por sexo, foi diferente para cada fase da adolescência. Conclusões: A resistência à insulina está associada à inadequação na composição corporal, nos níveis bioquímicos e no estilo de vida, sendo os fatores associados diferentes em cada fase da adolescência. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(6):610-8
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Nobre LN, Lamounier JA, Franceschini SDC. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary determinants of dyslipidemia in preschoolers. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary determinants of dyslipidemia in preschoolers. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2013; 89:462-9. [PMID: 23850110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the determinants of dyslipidemia in preschoolers. METHODS A total of 227 preschoolers residing in an urban area of the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil were evaluated at age 5 years, using a cross-sectional design. Dietary intake from a food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric/biochemical parameters, and socioeconomic/behavioral information from a questionnaire were evaluated. 'Mixed diet', 'snack', and 'unhealthy' dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The determinants of dyslipidemia were examined using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study was 65.19%. Preschoolers who less frequently consumed foods in the 'mixed diet' dietary pattern had a higher risk of high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR=2.30; p=0.004) when compared with those with more frequent consumption of the 'mixed diet' dietary pattern. Preschoolers whose mothers had lower levels of education presented a lower risk of high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR=0.43; p=0.003), and preschoolers who were overweight/obese presented with greater risk of high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR=2.23; p=0.003). CONCLUSION The determinants of dyslipidemia identified in this study were less frequent consumption of foods in the 'mixed diet' dietary pattern, higher body mass index, and lower level of maternal education. This study shows that despite the young age of the group under study, they already present a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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Hawley NL, Wier LM, Cash HL, Viali S, Tuitele J, McGarvey ST. Modernization and cardiometabolic risk in Samoan adolescents. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:551-7. [PMID: 22430949 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering in Samoan adolescents and to relate risk factor clustering to weight status and general modernization. METHODS Anthropometric and biochemical data collected from adolescents aged 12-17.9 years who participated in the Samoan Family Study of Overweight and Diabetes were used to describe the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (high waist circumference, high blood pressure, high triglyceride level, low-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting serum glucose). A total of 436 adolescents were included in this analysis; 237 (54.4%) from American Samoa (n = 123 males) and 199 (45.6%) from Samoa (n = 90 males). Risk factor clustering was indicated by the presence of ≥ 3 risk factors. RESULTS Cardiometabolic risk factor clustering was greater in American Samoan adolescents (17.9% males, 21.9% females) than Samoan adolescents (1.1% males, 2.8% females). The frequency of risk factor clustering varied according to body mass index status. In males, risk factor clustering was entirely confined to obese adolescents, whereas female adolescents who were overweight or obese were at risk. CONCLUSIONS Cardiometabolic risk factor clustering is prevalent in the young American Samoan population and is likely to become more prevalent with increasing modernization in Samoan youth. Screening and intervention should be targeted at this age group to reduce the non-communicable disease burden faced by these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Hawley
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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18
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Zhang S, Liu X, Necheles J, Tsai HJ, Wang G, Wang B, Xing H, Li Z, Liu X, Zang T, Xu X, Wang X. Genetic and environmental influences on serum lipid tracking: a population-based, longitudinal Chinese twin study. Pediatr Res 2010; 68:316-22. [PMID: 20606601 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181eeded6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal twin analysis to explore genetic and environmental contribution to serum lipid tracking during childhood and adolescence. The study sample was part of a population-based twin cohort that was recruited in the rural areas of the Anhui Province of China. The baseline recruitment of twins was carried out from 1998 through 2000 and the follow-up from 2005 through 2007. Serum lipids showed significant tracking during childhood and adolescence. Participants with lipids at the highest tertile at the baseline tended to remain high at follow-up across ages and Tanner stages, whereas subjects with lipids at the lowest tertile at the baseline tended to remain low at follow-up. Using twin modeling, we showed that genetic and environmental factors contributed to individual variations in lipid levels and tracking from the baseline to the follow-up visit. The estimated tracking correlations for total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol were in the range of 0.25-0.53 and were predominantly influenced by genetic factors. In contrast, the phenotypic tracking of HDL cholesterol was influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Our study underscores the importance of considering both environmental and genetic factors in studying the etiology of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Hospital, Children's Memorial Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
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19
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Flores-Dorantes T, Arellano-Campos O, Posadas-Sánchez R, Villarreal-Molina T, Medina-Urrutia A, Romero-Hidalgo S, Yescas-Gómez P, Pérez-Méndez O, Jorge-Galarza E, Tusié-Luna T, Villalobos-Comparán M, Jacobo-Albavera L, Villamil-Ramírez H, López-Contreras BE, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Posadas-Romero C, Canizales-Quinteros S. Association of R230C ABCA1 gene variant with low HDL-C levels and abnormal HDL subclass distribution in Mexican school-aged children. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1214-7. [PMID: 20427018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of ABCA1 genetic variation on HDL-C levels has been widely documented, although studies in children are scarce. We recently found a frequent non-synonymous ABCA1 variant (R230C) exclusive to populations with Native American ancestry, associated with low HDL-C levels and other metabolic traits in adults. METHODS We genotyped R230C variant in 1253 healthy unrelated Mexican school-aged children aged 6-15 years (595 boys and 658 girls) to seek associations with HDL-C levels and other metabolic traits. HDL subclass distribution was analyzed in a subgroup of 81 age, gender and BMI-matched children. RESULTS Individuals carrying the C230 allele showed a significantly lower HDL-C levels (P=2.9x10(-8)), and higher TC/HDL-C ratio, BMI, BMI z-score and percent fat mass (P=0.001, 0.049, 0.032 and 0.039, respectively). HDL size was smaller in R230C heterozygotes as compared to R230R homozygotes (P<0.05). Moreover, the proportion of HDL(2b) was lower, while the proportion of HDL(3a) and HDL(3b) particles was higher in R230C heterozygous and/or C230C homozygous individuals as compared to R230R homozygotes (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the R230C ABCA1 gene variant plays an important role in HDL-C level regulation and HDL subclass distribution in healthy Mexican school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Flores-Dorantes
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Concentración sérica de leptina en población escolar de cinco departamentos del centro-oriente colombiano y su relación con parámetros antropométricos y perfil lipídico. BIOMEDICA 2010. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v27i4.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Bingham MO, Harrell JS, Takada H, Washino K, Bradley C, Berry D, Park H, Charles MA. Obesity and cholesterol in Japanese, French, and U.S. children. J Pediatr Nurs 2009; 24:314-22. [PMID: 19632508 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The number of children at risk for overweight/obesity has increased dramatically in the last decade worldwide. This study compares measures of obesity (body mass index [BMI] and body fat percentage) and total cholesterol in 4,013 fourth-grade students from three countries, France, Japan, and the United States. Data were analyzed using t test, chi-square, and analysis of variance to determine differences between groups and by multiple linear regression. All variables differed significantly by group. BMI was highest in U.S. children. Body fat percentage was also highest in U.S. children and lowest in French children. Total cholesterol was highest in French children and lowest in U.S. White children. There were modest but significant associations between BMI and cholesterol in all groups except French children; associations varied by gender. Results indicate there was great variation in measures of obesity and cholesterol by country. The association between obesity and cholesterol may vary by culture, ethnicity, and gender.
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Baass A, Dubuc G, Tremblay M, Delvin EE, O'Loughlin J, Levy E, Davignon J, Lambert M. Plasma PCSK9 is associated with age, sex, and multiple metabolic markers in a population-based sample of children and adolescents. Clin Chem 2009; 55:1637-45. [PMID: 19628659 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.126987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protein convertase that posttranslationally promotes the degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in hepatocytes and increases plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Heterozygote gain-of-function mutations of PCSK9 are associated with the familial hypercholesterolemia phenotype, whereas loss-of-function variants are associated with reduced LDL-C concentrations and lower coronary risk. Plasma PCSK9 correlates with body mass index, triglyceridemia, total cholesterol, and LDL-C in adults, but no data are available in youth. METHODS We studied 1739 French Canadian youth ages 9, 13, and 16 years who participated in the Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey, a province-wide school-based survey conducted in 1999. An ELISA assay was used to measure plasma PSCK9. RESULTS The mean (SD) plasma PCSK9 concentration was 84.7 (24.7) microg/L in the sample. In boys, plasma PCSK9 decreased with age, whereas the inverse was true for girls. There were statistically significant positive associations between PCSK9 and fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). In multivariable analysis, a 10% higher fasting insulin was associated with a 1%-2% higher PCSK9 in both sexes. There were also positive associations between PCSK9 and total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, as well as with HDL-C and apolipoproteins A1 and B. CONCLUSIONS PCSK9 is associated with age, sex, and multiple metabolic markers in youth. A novel finding is that PCSK9 is associated with fasting insulinemia, which suggests that PCSK9 could play a role in the development of dyslipidemia associated with the metabolic syndrome. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Baass
- Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Altwaijri YA, Day RS, Harrist RB, Dwyer JT, Ausman LM, Labarthe DR. Sexual maturation affects diet-blood total cholesterol association in children: Project HeartBeat! Am J Prev Med 2009; 37:S65-70. [PMID: 19524158 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) does not become clinically manifest until adulthood. However, children and young adults have evidence of atheromatous lesions and fatty streaks in their aortas and coronary vessels. Most longitudinal studies in children are not designed to evaluate the dynamics of change in CVD risk factors. There is a need to describe the trajectory of CVD risk factors as growth processes, to better understand their relationships. This study assesses the associations between dietary variables and blood total cholesterol concentration (BTCC) among children and adolescents aged 8-18 years after adjustment for sexual maturation. METHODS There were 678 boys and girls aged 8, 11, and 14 years at baseline who were followed for up to 4 years, allowing the creation of a synthetic cohort analytically, from ages 8-18 years. Multilevel modeling was used to longitudinally assess BTCC, dietary intake, Tanner stage, and BMI. RESULTS For every 1-mg/day increase in dietary cholesterol, BTCC increased by 0.012 mg/dL. However, no associations were evident between BTCC and dietary total fat, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or monounsaturated fatty acids. In girls, none of the dietary variables was significantly associated with BTCC after controlling for Tanner stage for breast. In boys, with the exception of dietary cholesterol, no other dietary variable was significantly associated with BTCC after controlling for Tanner stage for genitalia. CONCLUSIONS Sexual maturation exerts a strong influence on BTCC in children and adolescents aged 8-18 years, obscuring most associations between diet and BTCC. The inclusion of sexual maturity stage is important in studies of blood lipids among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Altwaijri
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Semiz S, Rota S, Ozdemir O, Ozdemir A, Kaptanoğlu B. Are C-reactive protein and homocysteine cardiovascular risk factors in obese children and adolescents? Pediatr Int 2008; 50:419-23. [PMID: 19143962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2008.02615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several prospective epidemiological studies have demonstrated that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and plasma homocysteine (hcy) are predictors of future coronary events among healthy men and women. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate a possible relationship between hsCRP, hcy levels and body mass index (BMI), relative weight (RW), serum leptin levels, and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children and adolescents. METHODS The study involved 28 obese children and adolescents (13 girls, 15 boys; BMI>95 per thousand for age and sex), 4.5-15 years of age (mean 10.7 +/- 0.6 years), who attended hospital for a basic obesity check-up. The association between hsCRP, hcy levels and BMI, RW, serum leptin levels, and cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, serum fasting insulin levels, and insulin resistance indexes, was investigated. RESULTS Serum hsCRP level was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.512, P < 0.01), RW (r = 0.438, P < 0.05), systolic and diastolic BP (r = 0.498, P < 0.01), serum leptin levels (r = 0.457, P < 0.05), but not with serum lipid, glucose, fasting insulin, plasma hcy levels or insulin resistance indexes. For hcy level, in contrast, no correlation was found with BMI, RW, systolic and diastolic BP, serum lipid levels, leptin, hsCRP, glucose, fasting insulin levels, or insulin resistance indexes. CONCLUSIONS hsCRP is correlated with BMI, RW, BP and leptin, which are risk factors for coronary heart disease, which supports the relationship between obesity, inflammation and atherosclerosis. hsCRP in childhood obesity might be a useful index to predict possible atherosclerotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Semiz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
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Jago R, Harrell JS, McMurray RG, Edelstein S, El Ghormli L, Bassin S. Prevalence of abnormal lipid and blood pressure values among an ethnically diverse population of eighth-grade adolescents and screening implications. Pediatrics 2006; 117:2065-73. [PMID: 16740849 PMCID: PMC2716562 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to report the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and lipid levels among eighth-grade adolescents from 3 US locations and differences by gender, ethnicity, and overweight percentile group. METHODS Fasting blood samples and blood pressure levels were obtained from 1717 eighth-grade students from 12 predominantly minority schools in 3 states (Texas, California, and North Carolina) during spring 2003. Age, gender, ethnicity, weight, and height were ascertained and BMI calculated. The presence of abnormal total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, prehypertension, hypertension, at risk for overweight, and overweight were calculated and compared with the findings of previous youth studies. We examined whether prevalence differed by gender, ethnicity, or BMI group. RESULTS A total of 23.9% of participants had high blood pressure, 16.7% had borderline total cholesterol, 4.0% had high total cholesterol, 10.5% had borderline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 3.9% had high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 13.3% had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 17.2% had high triglycerides. A total of 19.8% of participants were at risk of overweight (BMI > or = 85th percentile, < 95th percentile) and 29% were overweight (BMI > or = 95th percentile). The prevalence of risk factors was associated (P < .05) with the overweight group and differed by age and gender. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of elevated blood pressure was higher in this sample than in previous national surveys in which subjects were less overweight. Associations between overweight and both elevated lipid and blood pressure levels suggest that adolescents overweight or at risk for overweight should be screened for elevated blood pressure and lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Jago
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Yanagi H, Yu Y, Endo K, Arinami T, Hamaguchi H. Associations between serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or apolipoprotein AI levels and common genetic variants of the ABCA1 gene in Japanese school-aged children. Metabolism 2004; 53:182-6. [PMID: 14767869 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an important role in apolipoprotein AI (apoAI)-mediated cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells. The mild changes in ABCA1 activity due to genomic variation might be associated with interindividual variations in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoAI levels, or primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia in the general population. In the present study, we analyzed the relationships between 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2 insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the 5' flanking region and 5 missense polymorphisms of the ABCA1 gene and serum lipid levels in healthy school-aged children. We detected significant associations between the K219R and V771M polymorphisms, and HDL-C or apoAI levels. The present data support the proposition that the K219 allele is an anti-atherogenic allele with increased cholesterol efflux activity. Similarly, the M771 allele appears to be anti-atherogenic, although the frequency of the M771 allele is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Tilly P, Sass C, Vincent-Viry M, Aguillon D, Siest G, Visvikis S. Biological and genetic determinants of serum apoC-III concentration: reference limits from the Stanislas Cohort. J Lipid Res 2003; 44:430-6. [PMID: 12576526 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m200006-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is involved in triglycerides metabolism, and is therefore important for the pathogenesis of coronary heart diseases. However, to our knowledge serum apoC-III variation factors and reference limits have never been determined, so the aim of this study was to establish them and facilitate clinical usefulness. We measured serum apoC-III concentration of apparently healthy subjects of the Stanislas Cohort by an immunoturbidimetric method. Genetic polymorphisms within the APOC3, APOE, APOAIV, and LPL genes were determined by a multiplex PCR. Serum apoC-III concentration varied from 28.2 mg/l to 225.8 mg/l in the overall sample and between subjects variability was about 30%. Factors influencing apoC-III concentration were age, BMI in adult men, alcohol consumption in adults, oral contraceptive intake in women, the post-pubescent status in boys. The APOC3 1100T allele in adult men and the APOC3 -455C allele in boys were associated with increased apoC-III concentration. The APOA4 360His allele was associated with decreased apoC-III concentration in women. We also established reference limits of serum apoC-III concentration according to age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Tilly
- Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale U525, Centre de Médecine Préventive, 2 Avenue du Doyen J. Parisot, F54500 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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Invitti C, Guzzaloni G, Gilardini L, Morabito F, Viberti G. Prevalence and concomitants of glucose intolerance in European obese children and adolescents. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:118-24. [PMID: 12502667 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.1.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The worldwide increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity is reaching epidemic proportions and is associated with a dramatic rise in cases of type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of glucose intolerance and its determinants and the relation of cardiovascular risk factors with levels of glycemia and degree of obesity were studied in grossly obese children of European origin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 710 grossly obese Italian children (SD score [SDS] of BMI 3.8 +/- 0.7) aged 6-18 years, including 345 male subjects, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin resistance and insulin secretion were estimated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and the insulinogenic index, respectively. Fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, lipids, and uric acid were measured. The 2-h postload glucose and degree of obesity, calculated as the SDS of weight/height(2), were used as dependent variables. RESULTS The prevalence of glucose intolerance was 4.5%. Insulin resistance (P < 0.0001), impaired insulin secretion (P < 0.0001), and diastolic blood pressure (BP) (P < 0.05) were significantly and independently related to 2-h postload glucose values. The degree of obesity did not relate to insulin resistance but was independently correlated with inflammatory proteins, uric acid, and systolic BP, variables that were often abnormal in this population. CONCLUSIONS In these grossly obese children, both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion contribute to the elevation of glycemia, and the degree of obesity is related to cardiovascular risk factors independently of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Invitti
- Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
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