1
|
Husøy A, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, Dalene KE, Andersen LB, Ekelund U, Anderssen SA. Longitudinal changes in device-measured physical activity from childhood to young adulthood: the PANCS follow-up study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:29. [PMID: 38448922 PMCID: PMC10916240 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of longitudinal studies examining changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood to young adulthood. We aimed to assess changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood, through adolescence, into young adulthood in a Norwegian sample of ostensibly healthy men and women. METHODS A longitudinal cohort of 731 Norwegian boys and girls (49% girls) participated at age 9 years (2005-2006) and 15 years (2011-2012), and 258 of these participated again at age 24 years (2019-2021; including the COVID-19 pandemic period). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Linear mixed models were used to analyse changes in physical activity and sedentary time and whether low levels of childhood physical activity track, i.e., persist into young adulthood (nchange=721; ntracking=640). RESULTS The most prominent change occurred between the ages of 9 to 15 years, with an increase in sedentary time (150 min/day) and less time spent in light (125 min/day), moderate (16 min/day), and vigorous physical activity (8 min/day). Only smaller changes were observed between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from childhood to young adulthood differed between subgroups of sex, tertiles of body mass index at baseline and tertiles of peak oxygen uptake at baseline. While the tracking models indicated low absolute stability of physical activity from childhood to young adulthood, children in the lowest quartiles of moderate-to-vigorous (OR:1.88; 95%CI: 1.23, 2.86) and total physical activity (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.21, 2.87) at age 9 years were almost 90% more likely to be in these quartiles at age 24 years compared to those belonging to the upper three quartiles at baseline. CONCLUSIONS We found a substantial reduction in physical activity and increase in time spent sedentary between age 9 and 15 years. Contrary to previous studies, using mainly self-reported physical activity, little change was observed between adolescence and young adulthood. The least active children were more likely to remain the least active adults and could be targeted for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Husøy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - E Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - K E Dalene
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - L B Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - U Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S A Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Resaland GK, Bartholomew JB, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Aadland E. Effects of a school-based physical activity intervention on cardiometabolic health five years after cessation. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023. [PMID: 36916716 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there have been several school-based physical activity (PA) interventions targeting improvement in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, few have assessed long-term effects. The aim of this paper was therefore to determine intervention effects on CVD risk factors five years after cessation. METHODS Two schools were assigned to intervention (n=125) or control (n=134). The intervention school offered 210 min/week more PA than the control school over two consecutive years (4th and 5th grades). Follow-up assessment was conducted five-year post intervention (10th grade) where 180-210 (73-85%) children provided valid data. Outcomes were CVD risk factors: triglyceride (TG), total-to-high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (TC:HDL ratio), insulin resistance (HOMA), blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak ). Variables were analyzed individually and as a composite score through linear mixed models, including random intercepts for children. RESULTS Analyses revealed significant sustained five-year intervention effects for HDL (ES=.22), diastolic BP (ES=.48), VO2peak (ES=.29), and composite risk score (ES=.38). These effects were similar to the immediate results following the intervention. In contrast, while TC:HDL ratio initially decreased post intervention (ES=.27), this decrease was not maintained at five-year follow-up (ES=.09), whereas WC was initially unchanged post intervention (ES=.02), but decreased at five-year follow-up (ES=.44). CONCLUSION The significant effects of a two-year school-based PA intervention remained for CVD risk factors five years after cessation of the intervention. As cardiometabolic health can be maintained long-term after school-based PA, this paper demonstrates the sustainability and potential of schools in the primary prevention of future CVD risk in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G K Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| | - J B Bartholomew
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, USA
| | - L B Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.,Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - S A Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.,Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Melby PS, Elsborg P, Nielsen G, Lima RA, Bentsen P, Andersen LB. Exploring the importance of diversified physical activities in early childhood for later motor competence and physical activity level: a seven-year longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1492. [PMID: 34340663 PMCID: PMC8330057 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that childhood motor competence (MC) can predict physical activity (PA) levels later in life and it has been argued that frequently engaging in a wide diversity of physical activities will eventually improve children's MC. However, no longitudinal or experimental studies have confirmed this theoretical rationale. The aims of this study are to explore the longitudinal associations between diversified physical activities at age six and later MC and PA (time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA) (age nine and 13). Furthermore, we explore to what extent the longitudinal association between diversified physical activity and PA is mediated by MC. METHODS Longitudinal data from the Copenhagen School Intervention Study were used for this analysis, where 704 participated (69% response rate). Diversified physical activity (self-reported), MC (The Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder battery of postural stability and locomotor skills) and PA (accelerometer) were assessed in the children at age six, age nine and age 13. A total of 654 participated in at least two of the measures and, therefore, were included in the analysis. Two structural equation models were constructed, with diversified physical activity at age six and MC and PA at age nine as predictors of PA and MC at age 13. RESULTS The data from both models demonstrated good model fit. Diversified physical activity at 6 years of age was significantly associated with physical activity and MC at age 13, when adjusting for sex, age, intervention, weight, height, and previous levels of PA and MC. Diversified physical activity at age six was also positively associated with PA and MC at age nine, which were, in turn, positively related to PA at age 13 but to a lesser degree than diversified PA at age six. The association between diversified physical activity at age six and PA at age 13 was not mediated by MC at age nine. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that diversified physical activity at age six is important for the development of MC and PA in adolescence. Increasing the diversity of children's daily physical activities, not only the amount and intensity, seems important for future PA behavior and thereby health promotion in a life course perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina S. Melby
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark, Gentofte, 2820 Danmark
| | - Peter Elsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark, Gentofte, 2820 Danmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Glen Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo A. Lima
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Bentsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Sogndal, Bergen, 5020 Norway
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, 5020 Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomsen CF, Goharian TS, Larsen KT, Goetze JP, Andersen LB, Jeppesen JL. Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Increases Plasma Midregional Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations in Overweight Children. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020676. [PMID: 34180245 PMCID: PMC8403313 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Overweight adults have low circulating concentrations of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) and proANP fragments. We tested the hypothesis that an intensive lifestyle intervention with an intended weight loss would increase plasma concentrations of a proANP fragment in overweight children. Methods and Results We measured MR‐proANP (midregional proANP) concentrations in plasma from overweight children who participated in the OOIS (Odense Overweight Intervention Study). OOIS randomized 115 overweight children (11–13 years, 55% girls) to an intensive day‐camp intervention arm with increased physical activity and healthy diet or to a less intensive standard intervention arm for 6 weeks. We used linear mixed‐effects modeling for repeated measures to estimate the difference in the mean change with 95% CIs in fasting plasma MR‐proANP concentrations between the 2 arms, and we used partial least squares regression analysis to identify candidate mediators. Differences in weight, fitness, and metabolic factors were also analyzed. At baseline, fasting plasma MR‐proANP concentrations were (median [interquartile range]) 35.0 pmol/L (26.8–42.0) in the day‐camp intervention arm and 37.2 pmol/L (31.7–44.7) in standard intervention arm participants, respectively. After 6 weeks intervention, children in the day‐camp intervention arm had increased their MR‐proANP (5.4 pmol/L [0.8–10.0], P=0.022) and their fitness (2.33 mL O2/min per kg [0.52–4.14], P=0.012) and they had deceased their body mass index (−2.12 kg/m2 [−2.59 to −1.65], P<0.001) as compared with children in standard intervention arm. In the partial least squares analysis, decreases in fasting insulin and in estimated insulin resistance were associated with the observed increase in MR‐proANP concentrations. Conclusions An intensive lifestyle intervention increases plasma MR‐proANP among overweight children. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01574352.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla F Thomsen
- Department of Medicine Amager Hvidovre Hospital in GlostrupUniversity of Copenhagen Glostrup Denmark
| | - Tina S Goharian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Nordsjællands Hospital HillerødUniversity of Copenhagen Hillerød Denmark
| | - Kristian T Larsen
- Center of Research in Childhood Health (RICH) Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet BlegdamsvejUniversity of Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food, and Natural Sciences Campus SogndalWestern Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal Norway
| | - Jørgen L Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine Amager Hvidovre Hospital in GlostrupUniversity of Copenhagen Glostrup Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silveira JF, Reuter CP, Welser L, Pfeiffer KA, Andersen LB, Pohl HH, Lima RA. Tracking of cardiometabolic risk in a Brazilian schoolchildren cohort: a 3-year longitudinal study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:997-1006. [PMID: 33615759 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors is a sign of detrimental health. Tracking is a term used to describe a variable longitudinal stability across time. High tracking provides the chance to determine which cardiometabolic risk factors should be the target of early treatment and prevention efforts. The present study aims to analyze the tracking of cardiometabolic risk factors and clustered cardiometabolic risk score in children across a 3-year time span, and to verify the odds of staying at risk (measured by the clustered score) from baseline to follow-up. METHODS Longitudinal study that included 354 (155 boys) children, aged 7-12 years at baseline. A clustered score was calculated by summing the systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose, and the TC/HDL-C ratio Z-scores divided by five. A second clustered score was calculated including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). RESULTS CRF and anthropometric parameters presented high tracking (r≥0.662), whereas the cardiometabolic parameters exhibited low-to-moderate tracking (0.100≤r≤0.571). The clustered scores' tracking was moderate (r≥0.508; r≥0.588 [CRF]). Participants in the higher risk groups at baseline presented 3.81 (95% CI: 2.40; 6.05) and 4.64 (95% CI: 2.85; 7.56), including CRF, times higher chance of remaining at risk three years later. Moreover, participants in the worst profile regarding CRF or anthropometrics at baseline presented at least 4.00 times higher chance of being at risk three years later. CONCLUSIONS Participants with worst CRF and adiposity had an increased risk of presenting higher clustered risk after three years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João F Silveira
- University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cézane P Reuter
- University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil - .,Department of Health Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia Welser
- University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karin A Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Songdal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hildegard H Pohl
- University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Lima
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brazendale K, Beets MW, Armstrong B, Weaver RG, Hunt ET, Pate RR, Brusseau TA, Bohnert AM, Olds T, Tassitano RM, Tenorio MCM, Garcia J, Andersen LB, Davey R, Hallal PC, Jago R, Kolle E, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Kwon S, Puder JJ, Salmon J, Sardinha LB, van Sluijs EMF. Children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays versus weekend days: a multi-country analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:28. [PMID: 33568183 PMCID: PMC7877033 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) posits that children’s behaviors associated with obesity – such as physical activity – are more favorable on days that contain more ‘structure’ (i.e., a pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environment) such as school weekdays, compared to days with less structure, such as weekend days. The purpose of this study was to compare children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels on weekdays versus weekend days using a large, multi-country, accelerometer-measured physical activity dataset. Methods Data were received from the International Children’s Accelerometer Database (ICAD) July 2019. The ICAD inclusion criteria for a valid day of wear, only non-intervention data (e.g., baseline intervention data), children with at least 1 weekday and 1 weekend day, and ICAD studies with data collected exclusively during school months, were included for analyses. Mixed effects models accounting for the nested nature of the data (i.e., days within children) assessed MVPA minutes per day (min/day MVPA) differences between weekdays and weekend days by region/country, adjusted for age, sex, and total wear time. Separate meta-analytical models explored differences by age and country/region for sex and child weight-status. Results/findings Valid data from 15 studies representing 5794 children (61% female, 10.7 ± 2.1 yrs., 24% with overweight/obesity) and 35,263 days of valid accelerometer data from 5 distinct countries/regions were used. Boys and girls accumulated 12.6 min/day (95% CI: 9.0, 16.2) and 9.4 min/day (95% CI: 7.2, 11.6) more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively. Children from mainland Europe had the largest differences (17.1 min/day more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, 95% CI: 15.3, 19.0) compared to the other countries/regions. Children who were classified as overweight/obese or normal weight/underweight accumulated 9.5 min/day (95% CI: 6.9, 12.2) and 10.9 min/day (95% CI: 8.3, 13.5) of additional MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively. Conclusions Children from multiple countries/regions accumulated significantly more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days during school months. This finding aligns with the SDH and warrants future intervention studies to prioritize less-structured days, such as weekend days, and to consider providing opportunities for all children to access additional opportunities to be active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, 4364 Scorpius Street, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
| | - Michael W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ethan T Hunt
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Timothy A Brusseau
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amy M Bohnert
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rafael M Tassitano
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecilia M Tenorio
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jeanette Garcia
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, 4364 Scorpius Street, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Department of Teacher Education and Sport, Western Norwegian University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Rachel Davey
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elin Kolle
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Soyang Kwon
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Service of Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, ZDeakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Movement, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sattler MC, Ainsworth BE, Andersen LB, Foster C, Hagströmer M, Jaunig J, Kelly P, Kohl Iii HW, Matthews CE, Oja P, Prince SA, van Poppel MNM. Physical activity self-reports: past or future? Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:889-890. [PMID: 33536193 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo C Sattler
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria .,Nutrition Theme, NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Lars B Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Charlie Foster
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harold W Kohl Iii
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Pekka Oja
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stephanie A Prince
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Domazet SL, Jensen TK, Wedderkopp N, Nielsen F, Andersen LB, Grøntved A. Exposure to perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in relation to fitness, physical activity, and adipokine levels in childhood: The european youth heart study. Environ Res 2020; 191:110110. [PMID: 32871146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are highly persistent chemicals that are able to alter the human metabolism - potentially via disruption of cell signaling pathways mediated by adipokines. Both adiponectin and leptin are influenced by and exert influence on energy storage and energy expenditure, wherefore associations between PFAS and adipokines may be mediated by fitness and fat mass. OBJECTIVES the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between childhood exposure to PFAS and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin), while considering associations between PFAS and children's level of fitness, physical activity and fat mass to elucidate potential mediation by fitness, physical activity and fat mass. METHODS 9-year old children from Danish public schools were recruited in the European Youth Heart Study in 1997. For this study only children with valid measures on PFAS (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA and PFHxS), adipokines (adiponectin and leptin), fitness, fat mass and co-variates (parity and maternal income) were included (N = 242). Multiple linear regression models with and without conditioning and causal mediation analysis were applied. RESULTS this study found inverse associations between PFOA, PFDA and PFHxS and leptin. PFOA was positively associated with adiponectin, whereas PFHxS was inversely associated with adiponectin in boys. Latter association seemed to be mediated by fat mass. Associations with leptin showed indirect effects of fitness and fat mass but were unable to demonstrate significant mediation. Neither PFOS nor PFNA were associated with the outcome. DISCUSSION these results may indicate a favorable leptin profile with increasing PFAS, although the results could be driven by residual negative confounding from socio-economic factors and mediation by fitness and fat mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel L Domazet
- Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK, 5230, Odense, Denmark; Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Tina K Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A/2, DK, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK, 5230, Odense, Denmark; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of South West Jutland, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Finsensgade 35, DK, 6800, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A/2, DK, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Røyrgata 6, NO, 6856, Sogndal, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK, 5230, Odense, Denmark; Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van Ekris E, Wijndaele K, Altenburg TM, Atkin AJ, Twisk J, Andersen LB, Janz KF, Froberg K, Northstone K, Page AS, Sardinha LB, van Sluijs EMF, Chinapaw M. Tracking of total sedentary time and sedentary patterns in youth: a pooled analysis using the International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:65. [PMID: 32423404 PMCID: PMC7236462 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To gain more understanding of the potential health effects of sedentary time, knowledge is required about the accumulation and longitudinal development of young people’s sedentary time. This study examined tracking of young peoples’ total and prolonged sedentary time as well as their day-to-day variation using the International Children’s Accelerometry Database. Methods Longitudinal accelerometer data of 5991 children (aged 4-17y) was used from eight studies in five countries. Children were included if they provided valid (≥8 h/day) accelerometer data on ≥4 days, including ≥1 weekend day, at both baseline and follow-up (average follow-up: 2.7y; range 0.7–8.2). Tracking of total and prolonged (i.e. ≥10-min bouts) sedentary time was examined using multilevel modelling to adjust for clustering of observations, with baseline levels of sedentary time as predictor and follow-up levels as outcome. Standardized regression coefficients were interpreted as tracking coefficients (low: < 0.3; moderate: 0.3–0.6; high: > 0.6). Results Average total sedentary time at study level ranged from 246 to 387 min/day at baseline and increased annually by 21.4 min/day (95% confidence interval [19.6–23.0]) on average. This increase consisted almost entirely of prolonged sedentary time (20.9 min/day [19.2–22.7]). Total (standardized regression coefficient (B) = 0.48 [0.45–0.50]) and prolonged sedentary time (B = 0.43 [0.41–0.45]) tracked moderately. Tracking of day-to-day variation in total (B = 0.04 [0.02–0.07]) and prolonged (B = 0.07 [0.04–0.09]) sedentary time was low. Conclusion Young people with high levels of sedentary time are likely to remain among the people with highest sedentary time as they grow older. Day-to-day variation in total and prolonged sedentary time, however, was rather variable over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evi van Ekris
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Teatske M Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Atkin
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jos Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Karsten Froberg
- Research of Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kate Northstone
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angie S Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS FoundationTrust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mai Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lima RA, Stodden DF, Pfeiffer KA, Larsen LR, Barros MVG, Bugge A, Andersen LB. Dynamic Balance, but Not Precision Throw, Is Positively Associated with Academic Performance in Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2790. [PMID: 32316641 PMCID: PMC7215805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the longitudinal association between dynamic balance and throwing skill with academic performance and whether waist circumference mediated these relationships. The current one-year longitudinal study followed 1020 first (mean age 7.87 ± 0.34 years) through fifth grade (mean age 11.87 ± 0.37 years) children, measured twice in 2010 and 2011. Dynamic balance and precision throw were measures of motor competence. Waist circumference was measured with a measuring tape at the umbilicus level. Academic performance was assessed by a combined score of standardized Danish language and math tests. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis. All coefficients are standardized. Balance was associated with academic performance when both sexes were combined (β = 0.126, 95% CI: 0.074 to 0.179), and waist circumference partially mediated the relationship (β = 0.021, 95% CI: 0.008 to 0.034). For boys, balance was associated with academic performance, but waist circumference did not mediate the association. For girls, balance presented direct, mediated (via waist circumference), and total associations with academic performance. Dynamic balance is an important gross motor function that was longitudinally related to academic performance, and waist circumference partially mediated the relationship. Precision throw was not found to be associated with academic performance in both sexes combined or when analyzed separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Lima
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Mozartgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília-DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - David F. Stodden
- Department of Physical Education & Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, Wheat Street, Suite 218, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Karin A. Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Lisbeth R. Larsen
- Social Education, Svendborg, Faculty of Education and social sciences, UCL University College, Niels Bohrs Allé 1, 5230 Odense M, Denmark;
| | - Mauro V. G. Barros
- School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Campus Universitario HUOC-ESEF, Arnobio Marques 310, Santo Amaro, Recife PE 50.100-130, Brazil;
| | - Anna Bugge
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, 6861 Sogndal, Norway;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Domazet SL, Grøntved A, Jensen TK, Wedderkopp N, Andersen LB. Higher circulating plasma polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fit and lean children: The European youth heart study. Environ Int 2020; 136:105481. [PMID: 31964518 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipophilic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are primarily stored in adipose tissue, but exercise-induced lipolysis is able to release PCBs from the adipose tissue into the circulation. The plasma concentration, distribution and metabolism of PCBs can thus vary much among individuals due to inter-human variations in lifestyle behavior and pharmacokinetics. OBJECTIVES We examined the observational relationship of circulating plasma PCB concentrations with cardiorespiratory fitness, engagement in vigorous physical activity and fat mass in a healthy Danish child population. METHODS Data on ∑PCB (PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180), cardiorespiratory fitness, skinfold thickness and objectively measured physical activity of 509 children derived from the Danish sub-study of The European Youth Heart Study. RESULTS Higher fitness and greater leanness were associated with elevated plasma ∑PCB in both boys and girls. The associations were independent of each other and persisted after controlling for socio-economic status and duration of breastfeeding. We observed an almost three-fold increase in plasma ∑PCB level in the most fit/least fat children relative to the least fit/most fat children. The association between fatness and ∑PCB was strongest for boys as girls, and especially pubertal girls, displayed lower decrease in plasma ∑PCB with higher fat mass. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that increased lipolysis stimulates the release of PCBs into the vasculature. The consequence is higher plasma levels of PCB in very fit and lean subjects. This scenario is likely to cause negative confounding in epidemiological observations of PCB and cardio-metabolic health. At the same time adipose tissue may play a dual role in promoting adverse health and providing a relatively safe place to store PCB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel L Domazet
- Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina K Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A/2 DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital of Southwestern Jutland, Finsensgade 35, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Røyrgata 6, NO-6856 Sogndal, Norway; Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, NO-0863 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stavnsbo M, Aadland E, Anderssen SA, Chinapaw M, Steene-Johannessen J, Andersen LB, Resaland GK. Effects of the Active Smarter Kids (ASK) physical activity intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors in children: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 2020; 130:105868. [PMID: 31654725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The onset of cardiometabolic diseases are recognized to occur in childhood. We aimed to investigate the effect of a school-based cluster-randomized controlled trial of physical activity (PA) on single and clustered cardiometabolic risk factors. We included 1129 fifth-grade children from 57 schools (≥seven children in each class) in Sogn and Fjordane County, Norway, randomized to 28 intervention schools and 29 control schools. The PA intervention was conducted between November 2014 and June 2015. Cardiometabolic risk factors were waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol (TC):high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-ratio, triglycerides (TG), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-score, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). PA was measured by accelerometry. No significant intervention effects were found for single or clustered cardiometabolic risk factors. However, in children with the less favorable baseline values, beneficial effects were found for SBP (p = 0.07 for group ∗ tertile interaction), TC:HDL ratio (p = 0.03 for group ∗ tertile interaction) and the clustered cardiometabolic risk score (p = 0.01 for group ∗ tertile interaction). Compared to boys, girls had a greater effect of the intervention on WC (p = 0.03 for group ∗ sex interaction) and CRF (p < 0.001 for group ∗ sex interaction). The majority of the children had high PA levels, thus limited potential for change, and we found no effects of the PA intervention on cardiometabolic risk in the total sample. However, the intervention had a significantly enhanced effect on fatness and fitness of girls compared to boys. Furthermore, the data suggest that children with the least favorable cardiometabolic risk profile and therefore most in need of change can benefit from school-based PA interventions. Trial registration number: Clinicaltrials.gov ID no.: NCT02132494.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Stavnsbo
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund A Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mai Chinapaw
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lars B Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Geir K Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Renninger M, Hansen BH, Steene-Johannessen J, Kriemler S, Froberg K, Northstone K, Sardinha L, Anderssen SA, Andersen LB, Ekelund U. Associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and the metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis of more than 6000 children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12578. [PMID: 31709781 PMCID: PMC7003500 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is increasingly prevalent in the pediatric population. To prevent an early onset, knowledge about its association with modifiable lifestyle factors is needed. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and examine its cross-sectional associations with physical activity and sedentary time. METHODS Participants were 6009 children and adolescents from 8 studies of the International Children's Accelerometry Database. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometer. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on International Diabetes Federation criteria. Logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age and monitor wear time were used to examine the associations between physical activity, sedentary time and the metabolic syndrome in each study and effect estimates were combined using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 2.9%. In crude models, a 10 min increase in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity and vigorous-intensity physical activity were inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome [OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.94, OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70-0.92]. One hour increase in sedentary time was positively associated with the metabolic syndrome [OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.13-1.45]. After adjustment for sedentary time, the association between moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity and the metabolic syndrome remained significant [OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99]. Sedentary time was not associated with the metabolic syndrome after adjustment for moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity [OR 1.14 95% CI 0.96-1.36]. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity of at least moderate intensity but not sedentary time is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Renninger
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bjørge H Hansen
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health Institute, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Froberg
- Center of Research in Childhood Health (RICH), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kate Northstone
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luis Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Fac Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sigmund A Anderssen
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thomsen CF, Ried-Larsen M, Goetze JP, Andersen LB, Faber J, Grøntved A, Jeppesen JL. Plasma proatrial natriuretic peptide associates with lipid oxidation during exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy young adults. Peptides 2019; 122:170156. [PMID: 31550524 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is known for its natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilatory properties. However, ANP also has metabolic effects stimulating lipolysis and lipid oxidation. Overweight individuals have decreased circulating ANP concentrations. It has been proposed that this potential ANP deficiency could have biological consequences in overweight-related disorders, including decreased lipolysis and lipid oxidation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between ANP, exercise-induced lipid oxidation, and cardiorespiratory fitness in 562 20-28-year-old healthy community-based women and men. We measured fasting plasma concentrations of mid-regional proANP (MR-proANP), a stable marker of ANP secretion, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during sub-maximal exercise, which provides an estimate of lipid oxidation, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2-max) at the end of a maximal exercise test, which is a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. An increase of 10 pmol/L in fasting plasma MR-proANP concentrations was related to an increase in relative VO2-max of 0.78 (95% CI 0.36-1.09) ml O2/min/kg and a decrease in RER of -0.0094 (-0.014 to -0.0045) in age- and sex-adjusted analysis (P < 0.001). Further adjusted for body mass index, a rise of 10 pmol/L in fasting plasma MR-proANP concentrations was associated with a rise in relative VO2-max of 0.60 (0.28-0.92) ml O2/min/kg and a fall in RER of -0.0096 (-0.015 to -0.0048) (P < 0.001). Fasting plasma MR-proANP concentrations associate with lipid oxidation during exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy young adults. The data support the existence of important connections between the endocrine heart, hemodynamics, and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla F Thomsen
- Department of Medicine, Amager Hvidovre Hospital in Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts, and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Norway; Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Faber
- Department of Medicine O, the Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen L Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine, Amager Hvidovre Hospital in Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fjord C, Larsen KT, Goetze JP, Ried-Larsen M, Andersen LB, Jeppesen JL. P5296A healthier lifestyle increases circulating pro-atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in overweight children. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Higher concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) are associated with a poor prognosis among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Counter-intuitively, higher ANP concentrations in healthy populations are associated with an ideal American Heart Association Cardiovascular Health score, which includes high level of physical activity, normal body mass index (BMI), optimal levels of lipids, blood pressure (BP) and glucose. Along this line, overweight individuals have lower than expected ANP concentrations, and it has been proposed that this natriuretic handicap could play a role in overweight related disorders. The mechanism behind the natriuretic handicap is still not clear, but presence of insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia has been implicated.
Purpose
We investigated whether an intensive lifestyle intervention with an intended weight loss, including an increased level of physical activity and a healthy diet, could increase plasma concentrations of mid-regional pro-ANP (MR-proANP), a stable marker of ANP secretion, in overweight children. In a mechanistic perspective, we investigated metabolic changes associated with increases in MR-proANP concentrations.
Methods
This study is an extension of the Odense Overweight Intervention Study (OOIS) which included 99 overweight children (11–13 years, 55% girls). The children were randomised to a Day Camp Intervention Arm (DCIA) and a Standard Intervention Arm (SIA) for 6 weeks. DCIA included 3 hours physical activity per day and a healthy diet according to Danish recommendations. SIA included 1 weekly fun-based physical activity session and 1 lifestyle education session. OOIS included measurements of anthropometry, body composition, lipids, BP, glucose and insulin. Linear regression analyses, expressed as unstandardized regression coefficients, were used to examine between-group differences in MR-proANP concentrations and to examine the associations between changes in MR-proANP and variables of interest. As we wanted to study physiological relationships, we pooled both arms to one group to increase power in the latter.
Results
At week 6, children in DCIA had lower BMI (−2.4kg/m2) and lower total body fat (−6.5%) but higher level of fitness (4.1 ml/O2/min/kg) compared to children in SIA. From baseline to week 6 DCIA increased MR-proANP concentrations (B (95% CI): 5.7 (1.2 to 10.2) pmol/l, P=0.014) more than SIA. Of the variables studied, we found an inverse association between fall in insulin and increase in MR-proANP concentrations (B (95% CI): −0.52 (−1.02 to −0.02) pmol/l/mIU/ml, P=0.041). None of the other associations between changes in variables reached statistical significance.
Conclusion
A healthier lifestyle, based on a healthy diet and a higher level of physical activity, increases MR-proANP among overweight children. In a mechanistic perspective, improved insulin sensitivity with lower insulin appears to be a factor that leads to higher MR-proANP.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Trygfonden (Grant number: 7-11-0700)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Fjord
- Glostrup Hospital - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K T Larsen
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J P Goetze
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - L B Andersen
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - J L Jeppesen
- Glostrup Hospital - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stavnsbo M, Skrede T, Aadland E, Aadland KN, Chinapaw M, Anderssen SA, Andersen LB, Resaland GK. Cardiometabolic risk factor levels in Norwegian children compared to international reference values: The ASK study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220239. [PMID: 31425532 PMCID: PMC6699667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate cardiometabolic risk factor levels in a group of Norwegian 10-year-old children compared to international values and examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the reference-standardized clustered risk score. Methods 913 children (49% girls) were included from the Active Smarter Kids (ASK) study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-C ratio, triglyceride (TG), glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) score and CRF, were standardized according to international age-and sex-specific reference values. Results The Norwegian children had significantly more favorable WC, DBP, glucose, HDL-C and CRF levels compared to the international reference values, but similar or less favorable levels of other cardiometabolic risk factors. CRF was the variable that differed the most from the international values (mean (95% CI) 1.20 (1.16 to 1.24) SD). The clustered risk score (excluding CRF) was higher in the Norwegian children, but decreased to below international levels when including CRF (mean (95% CI) - 0.08 (- 0.12 to –0.05) SD). CRF had a significant inverse association with the clustered risk score (excluding CRF) (β - 0.37 SD, 95% CI –0.43 to –0.31). Conclusions Norwegian children have substantially higher CRF levels than international standards, and including CRF in clustered risk scores reduces overall risk in Norwegian children below that of international levels. CRF is associated with improved cardiometabolic health in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Stavnsbo
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Turid Skrede
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Katrine N. Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Mai Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sigmund A. Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir K. Resaland
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lima RA, Bugge A, Ersbøll AK, Stodden DF, Andersen LB. The longitudinal relationship between motor competence and measures of fatness and fitness from childhood into adolescence. Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
18
|
Lima RA, Bugge A, Ersbøll AK, Stodden DF, Andersen LB. The longitudinal relationship between motor competence and measures of fatness and fitness from childhood into adolescence. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:482-488. [PMID: 29782811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine longitudinal (seven years) relationships among cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), body fatness, and motor competence. METHOD Data were collected as part of the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS). Body fatness was assessed by the sum of four skinfolds. VO2peak was measured directly in a continuous running protocol. Motor competence was assessed using the Körperkoordinationtest für Kinder. This study used multilevel linear mixed models to evaluate the reciprocal longitudinal association between body fatness, VO2peak, and motor competence. All regressions were stratified by sex and adjusted by intervention and pubertal status. All variable coefficients were standardized. RESULTS A reciprocal relationship was observed between children's motor competence with body fatness and VO2peak at the seven-year follow-up (6-13 years of age). Children with higher motor competence at baseline had a lower risk of having higher body fatness (βboys=-0.45, 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.38; βgirls=-0.35, 95% CI: -0.42 to -0.28) and higher VO2peak (βboys=0.34, 95% CI: 0.27-0.40; βgirls=0.27, 95% CI: 0.20-0.33) during childhood. Alternatively, higher body fatness or lower levels of VO2peak at baseline were associated with lower motor competence during childhood. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest motor competence, body fatness, and VO2peak demonstrate reciprocal relationships across childhood (6-13 years of age). Interventions addressing motor competence, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body fatness in early childhood are recommended, as intervention effects are likely to be enhanced because of the mutual reciprocal associations between these three variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Ministério da Educação, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), Brasília, DF, Brazil; University of Southern Denmark, Institute for Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Center for Research in Childhood Health, Campusvej, Denmark.
| | - Anna Bugge
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute for Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Center for Research in Childhood Health, Campusvej, Denmark
| | - Annette K Ersbøll
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David F Stodden
- University of South Carolina, Yvonne & Schuyler Moore Child Development Research Center, Columbia, United States
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thomsen CF, Dreier R, Goharian TS, Goetze JP, Andersen LB, Faber J, Ried-Larsen M, Grøntved A, Jeppesen JL. Association of copeptin, a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin secretion, with insulin resistance: Influence of adolescence and psychological stress. Peptides 2019; 115:8-14. [PMID: 30779927 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In middle-aged and elderly individuals, circulating copeptin concentrations, a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, associates with insulin resistance (IR). Whether this association is present in adolescents and young adults is unclear. Because psychological stress associates with higher circulating copeptin concentrations and IR, it has been speculated that increased AVP secretion could be a link between psychological stress and IR. We measured plasma copeptin concentrations in 351 14-16-year-old adolescents and 617 20-28-year-old young adults from the Danish site of the European Youth Heart Study, a population-based cardiovascular risk factor study in adolescents and young adults. IR was determined by the homeostatic model assessment method. Among the young adults, we used symptoms of depression, evaluated by means of the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) scale, as a measure of psychological stress. We applied linear regressions to examine associations, expressed as unstandardized regression coefficients (B) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), between variables of interest, stratified by age group and adjusting for age, sex and Tanner stages. Copeptin and IR were log-transformed. Among the young adults, copeptin associated with IR (B (95%CI) = 0.19 (0.11 to 0.27), P < 0.001). This association was not found among the adolescents (B=-0.01 (-0.12 to 0.09), P = 0.78). MDI score associated with IR (B = 0.010 (0.004 to 0.016), P < 0.001) and copeptin (B=0.010 (0.004 to 0.015); P<0.002) in the young adults. Adjusted for copeptin, the strength of the association between MDI score and IR somewhat diminished (to B=0.008). In conclusion, adolescence and psychological stress appear to influence the association between copeptin and IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla F Thomsen
- Department of Medicine, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital in Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Dreier
- Department of Medicine, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital in Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Tina S Goharian
- Department of Medicine, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital in Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Norway; Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Faber
- Department of Medicine O, Endocrine Unit, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen L Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital in Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Medicine O, Endocrine Unit, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stavnsbo M, Resaland GK, Anderssen SA, Steene-Johannessen J, Domazet SL, Skrede T, Sardinha LB, Kriemler S, Ekelund U, Andersen LB, Aadland E. Reference values for cardiometabolic risk scores in children and adolescents: Suggesting a common standard. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:299-306. [PMID: 30477756 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS International reference values for cardiometabolic risk variables, to allow for standardization of continuous risk scores in children, are not currently available. The aim of this study was to provide international age- and gender-specific reference values for cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. METHODS Cohorts of children sampled from different parts of Europe (North, South, Mid and Eastern) and from the United States were pooled. In total, 22,479 observations (48.7% European vs. 51.3% American), 11,234 from girls and 11,245 from boys, aged 6-18 years were included in the study. Linear mixed-model regression analysis was used to analyze the associations between age and each cardiometabolic risk factor. RESULTS Reference values for 14 of the most commonly used cardiometabolic risk variables in clustered risk scores were calculated and presented by age and gender: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), sum of 4 skinfolds (sum4skin), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TC:HDL-C ratio, glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-score (HOMA-score), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a common standard to define cardiometabolic risk in children. Adapting this approach makes single risk factors and clustered cardiometabolic disease risk scores comparable to the reference material itself and comparable to cardiometabolic risk values in studies using the same strategy. This unified approach therefore increases the prospect to estimate and compare prevalence and trends of cardiometabolic risk in children when using continuous cardiometabolic risk scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Stavnsbo
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, PO BOX 133, N-6856, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, PO Box 4014, Sognsveien 220, Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Geir K Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, PO BOX 133, N-6856, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund A Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, PO BOX 133, N-6856, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, PO Box 4014, Sognsveien 220, Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, PO Box 4014, Sognsveien 220, Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway; Kristiania University College, Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 1155, Sentrum, 0107, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sidsel L Domazet
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Center of Research in Childhood Health, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Turid Skrede
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, PO BOX 133, N-6856, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, PO Box 4014, Sognsveien 220, Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Universidade de Lisboa, Fac Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Estrada Dacosth, Cruz-Quebrada, 1499, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susi Kriemler
- University of Zürich, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, PO Box 4014, Sognsveien 220, Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, PO BOX 133, N-6856, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, PO Box 4014, Sognsveien 220, Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, PO BOX 133, N-6856, Sogndal, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Danielson A, Thorsson O, Karlsson MK, Wollmer P, Andersen LB, Dencker M. School-based study found that physical activity and aerobic fitness predicted increases in total body fat and abdominal fat at a mean age of 9.8 years. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:1810-1817. [PMID: 29468737 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We assessed whether baseline measurements of physical activity, aerobic fitness, body fat and abdominal fat were predictors of changes in body fat measurements over a two-year period. METHODS The study comprised of 204 children aged 9.8 ± 0.6 years with a normal body mass distribution, who recruited from four schools in middle-class areas of Malmö, Sweden, from 2001 to 2004. Peak oxygen uptake and physical activity were measured at baseline. Body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and two years later. RESULTS Physical activity, aerobic fitness and total body fat or abdominal fat were predictors of change in total body fat or abdominal fat over a period of two years. Changes in the percentage of body fat were not related to any of the baseline measurements. CONCLUSION Our two-year follow-up of children with a mean age of 9.8 years at baseline showed that physical activity, aerobic fitness and body fat or abdominal fat predicted changes in total body fat or abdominal fat, but not the percentage of body fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Danielson
- Department of Translational Medicine; Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Ola Thorsson
- Department of Translational Medicine; Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Magnus K. Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit; Skåne University Hospital; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine; Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Bergen Norway
| | - Magnus Dencker
- Department of Translational Medicine; Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Birukov A, Jørgensen JS, Andersen LB, Herse F, Kitlen G, Golic M, Haase N, Kräker K, Kyhl HB, Müller DN, Andersen MS, Dechend R, Jensen BL. Aldosterone as independent predictor of placental and birth weights: Odense child cohort Study. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Birukov
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - JS Jørgensen
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense, Dänemark
| | - LB Andersen
- Herlev Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen, Dänemark
| | - F Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - G Kitlen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Dänemark
| | - M Golic
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - N Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - K Kräker
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - HB Kyhl
- Odense University Hospital, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense, Dänemark
| | - DN Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - MS Andersen
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Odense, Dänemark
| | - R Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - BL Jensen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Dänemark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tarp J, Child A, White T, Westgate K, Bugge A, Grøntved A, Wedderkopp N, Andersen LB, Cardon G, Davey R, Janz KF, Kriemler S, Northstone K, Page AS, Puder JJ, Reilly JJ, Sardinha LB, van Sluijs EMF, Ekelund U, Wijndaele K, Brage S. Physical activity intensity, bout-duration, and cardiometabolic risk markers in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1639-1650. [PMID: 30006582 PMCID: PMC6160399 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the role of physical activity intensity and bout-duration in modulating associations between physical activity and cardiometabolic risk markers. METHODS A cross-sectional study using the International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) including 38,306 observations (in 29,734 individuals aged 4-18 years). Accelerometry data was summarized as time accumulated in 16 combinations of intensity thresholds (≥500 to ≥3000 counts/min) and bout-durations (≥1 to ≥10 min). Outcomes were body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference, biochemical markers, blood pressure, and a composite score of these metabolic markers. A second composite score excluded the adiposity component. Linear mixed models were applied to elucidate the associations and expressed per 10 min difference in daily activity above the intensity/bout-duration combination. Estimates (and variance) from each of the 16 combinations of intensity and bout-duration examined in the linear mixed models were analyzed in meta-regression to investigate trends in the association. RESULTS Each 10 min positive difference in physical activity was significantly and inversely associated with the risk factors irrespective of the combination of intensity and bout-duration. In meta-regression, each 1000 counts/min increase in intensity threshold was associated with a -0.027 (95% CI: -0.039 to -0.014) standard deviations lower composite risk score, and a -0.064 (95% CI: -0.09 to -0.038) kg/m2 lower BMI. Conversely, meta-regression suggested bout-duration was not significantly associated with effect-sizes (per 1 min increase in bout-duration: -0.002 (95% CI: -0.005 to 0.0005) standard deviations for the composite risk score, and -0.005 (95% CI: -0.012 to 0.002) kg/m2 for BMI). CONCLUSIONS Time spent at higher intensity physical activity was the main determinant of variation in cardiometabolic risk factors, not bout-duration. Greater magnitude of associations was consistently observed with higher intensities. These results suggest that, in children and adolescents, physical activity, preferably at higher intensities, of any bout-duration should be promoted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Tarp
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Tom White
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Bugge
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sports Medicine Clinic, The Orthopedic Department, Hospital of Lillebaelt Middelfart, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Department of Teacher Education and Sport, Western Norwegian University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rachel Davey
- Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Angie S Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John J Reilly
- University of Strathclyde, Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Søren Brage
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nielsen MKF, Christensen JF, Frandsen TL, Thorsteinsson T, Andersen LB, Christensen KB, Nersting J, Faber M, Schmiegelow K, Larsen HB. Testing physical function in children undergoing intense cancer treatment-a RESPECT feasibility study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27100. [PMID: 29741279 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical function of children with cancer is reduced during treatment, which can compromise the quality of life and increase the risk of chronic medical conditions. The study, "REhabilitation, including Social and Physical activity and Education in Children and Teenagers with cancer" (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01772862) examines the efficacy of multimodal rehabilitation strategies introduced at cancer diagnosis. This article addresses the feasibility of and obstacles to testing physical function in children with cancer. METHODS The intervention group comprised 46 males and 29 females aged 6-18 years (mean ± SD: 11.3 ± 3.1 years) diagnosed with cancer from January 2013 to April 2016. Testing at diagnosis and after 3 months included timed-up-and-go, sit-to-stand, flamingo balance, handgrip strength, and the bicycle ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). RESULTS Of the 75 children, 92% completed a minimum of one test; two children declined testing and four were later included. Completion was low for CPET (38/150, 25%) but was high for handgrip strength (122/150, 81%). Tumor location, treatment-related side effects, and proximity to chemotherapy administration were primary obstacles for testing physical function. Children with extracranial solid tumors and central nervous system tumors completed significantly fewer tests than those with leukemia and lymphoma. Children with leukemia demonstrated reduced lower extremity function, that is, 24% reduction at 3 months testing in timed-up-and-go (P = 0.005) and sit-to-stand (P = 0.002), in contrast with no reductions observed in the other diagnostic groups. CONCLUSION Children with cancer are generally motivated to participate in physical function tests. Future studies should address diagnosis specific obstacles and design testing modalities that facilitate physical function tests in this target group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin K F Nielsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Science, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper F Christensen
- Center for Inflammation and Metabolism/Center for Physical Activity (CIM/CFAS), University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Frandsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels Thorsteinsson
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School for Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School for Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl B Christensen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Nersting
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Faber
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Science, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne B Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Singh AS, Saliasi E, van den Berg V, Uijtdewilligen L, de Groot RHM, Jolles J, Andersen LB, Bailey R, Chang YK, Diamond A, Ericsson I, Etnier JL, Fedewa AL, Hillman CH, McMorris T, Pesce C, Pühse U, Tomporowski PD, Chinapaw MJM. Effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive and academic performance in children and adolescents: a novel combination of a systematic review and recommendations from an expert panel. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:640-647. [PMID: 30061304 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise the current evidence on the effects of physical activity (PA) interventions on cognitive and academic performance in children, and formulate research priorities and recommendations. DESIGN Systematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) with a methodological quality assessment and an international expert panel. We based the evaluation of the consistency of the scientific evidence on the findings reported in studies rated as of high methodological quality. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES PA-intervention studies in children with at least one cognitive or academic performance assessment. RESULTS Eleven (19%) of 58 included intervention studies received a high-quality rating for methodological quality: four assessed effects of PA interventions on cognitive performance, six assessed effects on academic performance, and one on both. All high-quality studies contrasted the effects of additional/adapted PA activities with regular curriculum activities. For cognitive performance 10 of 21 (48%) constructs analysed showed statistically significant beneficial intervention effects of PA, while for academic performance, 15 of 25 (60%) analyses found a significant beneficial effect of PA. Across all five studies assessing PA effects on mathematics, beneficial effects were reported in six out of seven (86%) outcomes. Experts put forward 46 research questions. The most pressing research priority cluster concerned the causality of the relationship between PA and cognitive/academic performance. The remaining clusters pertained to PA characteristics, moderators and mechanisms governing the 'PA-performance' relationship and miscellaneous topics. CONCLUSION There is currently inconclusive evidence for the beneficial effects of PA interventions on cognitive and overall academic performance in children. We conclude that there is strong evidence for beneficial effects of PA on maths performance.The expert panel confirmed that more 'high-quality' research is warranted. By prioritising the most important research questions and formulating recommendations we aim to guide researchers in generating high-quality evidence. Our recommendations focus on adequate control groups and sample size, the use of valid and reliable measurement instruments for physical activity and cognitive performance, measurement of compliance and data analysis. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017082505.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amika S Singh
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emi Saliasi
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera van den Berg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renate H M de Groot
- Welten Institute - Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Jolles
- Centre for Brain & Learning, Faculty of Psychology and Education, LEARN! Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Department of Teacher Education and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Richard Bailey
- International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Adele Diamond
- Program in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ingegerd Ericsson
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Learning and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jennifer L Etnier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alicia L Fedewa
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terry McMorris
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute for Sport, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Caterina Pesce
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University Sport and Movement "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dencker M, Arvidsson D, Karlsson MK, Wollmer P, Andersen LB, Thorsson O. Galectin-3 levels relate in children to total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, and cardiac size. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:461-467. [PMID: 29327139 PMCID: PMC5816767 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Galectin-3 has recently been proposed as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease in adults. The purpose of this investigation was to assess relationships between galectin-3 levels and total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, left ventricular mass, left atrial size, and increase in body fat over a 2-year period in a population-based sample of children. Our study included 170 children aged 8-11 years. Total fat mass and abdominal fat were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body fat distribution was expressed as abdominal fat/total fat mass. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test and scaled to body mass. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were measured. Left atrial size, left ventricular mass, and relative wall thickness were measured by echocardiography. Frozen serum samples were analyzed for galectin-3 by the Proximity Extension Assay technique. A follow-up DXA scan was performed in 152 children 2 years after the baseline exam. Partial correlations, with adjustment for sex and age, between galectin-3 versus body fat measurements indicated weak to moderate relationships. Moreover, left atrial size, left ventricular mass, and relative wall thickness and pulse pressure were also correlated with galectin-3. Neither systolic blood pressure nor maximal oxygen uptake was correlated with galectin-3. There was also a correlation between galectin-3 and increase in total body fat over 2 years, while no such correlations were found for the other fat measurements. CONCLUSION More body fat and abdominal fat, more abdominal body fat distribution, more left ventricular mass, and increased left atrial size were all associated with higher levels of galectin-3. Increase in total body fat over 2 years was also associated with higher levels of galectin-3. What is Known: • Galectin-3 has been linked to obesity and been proposed to be a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease in adults. • Information on this subject in children is very scarce. What is New: • The present study demonstrates a relationship between galectin-3 levels and total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, cardiac size and geometry, and increase in total body fat over 2 years in young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Dencker
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden ,Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sports Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus K. Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopaedics, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Department of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn and Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway ,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Thorsson
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Resaland GK, Moe VF, Bartholomew JB, Andersen LB, McKay HA, Anderssen SA, Aadland E. Gender-specific effects of physical activity on children's academic performance: The Active Smarter Kids cluster randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 2018; 106:171-176. [PMID: 29104022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Active learning combines academic content with physical activity (PA) to increase child PA and academic performance, but the impact of active learning is mixed. It may be that this is a moderated relationship in which active learning is beneficial for only some children. This paper examine the impact of baseline academic performance and gender as moderators for the effects of active learning on children's academic performance. In the ASK-study, 1129 fifth-graders from 57 Norwegian elementary schools were randomized by school to intervention or control in a physical activity intervention between November 2014 and June 2015. Academic performance in numeracy, reading, and English was measured and a composite score was calculated. Children were split into low, middle and high academic performing tertiles. 3-way-interactions for group (intervention, control)∗gender (boys, girls)∗academic performance (tertiles) were investigated using mixed model regression. There was a significant, 3-way-interaction (p=0.044). Both boys (ES=0.11) and girls (ES=0.18) in the low performing tertile had a similar beneficial trend. In contrast, middle (ES=0.03) and high performing boys (ES=0.09) responded with small beneficial trends, while middle (ES=-0.11) and high performing girls (ES=-0.06) responded with negative trends. ASK was associated with a significant increase in academic performance for low performing children. It is likely that active learning benefited children most in need of adapted education but it may have a null or negative effect for those girls who are already performing well in the sedentary classroom. Differences in gendered responses are discussed as a possible explanation for these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov registry, trial registration number: NCT02132494.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G K Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - V F Moe
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| | - J B Bartholomew
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, USA
| | - L B Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| | - H A McKay
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Practice, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S A Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dencker M, Tanha T, Karlsson MK, Wollmer P, Andersen LB, Thorsson O. Cystatin B, cathepsin L and D related to surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease in children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187494. [PMID: 29149174 PMCID: PMC5693439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated potential associations between novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and other surrogate markers for health. METHODS Community sample of 170 (92 boys and 78 girls) children aged 8-11 years. Total fat mass (TBF) and abdominal fat (AFM) were measured by Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Total body fat was also expressed as percentage of total body mass (BF%), and body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were measured. Echocardiography was performed. Left atrial size (LA) and left ventricular mass (LVM) were measured. A follow-up DXA scan was available in 152 children (84 boys and 68 girls). Frozen serum samples were analyzed for cystatin B, cathepsin L and cathepsin D. RESULTS Partial correlations between cystatin B versus lnTBF, lnBF%, lnAFM, AFM/TBF, VO2PEAK and PP were; r = 0.38, 0.36, 0.38, 0.29, -0.25 and 0.25, P = 0.001 or less for all. Weaker predominantly non-significant correlations were found for cathepsin L, whereas cathepsin D was not related to any surrogate markers for health. No significant correlations were found between biomarkers and change in body fat over 2 years. CONCLUSION Findings from this community-based cohort of young children show that surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease such as total fat mass, percent body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, maximal oxygen uptake and pulse pressure were all associated with cystatin B. This was not found for cathepsin L or cathepsin D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Dencker
- Dept of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Tina Tanha
- Dept of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus K. Karlsson
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Dept of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Sogn and Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Thorsson
- Dept of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Resaland GK, Aadland E, Nilsen AKO, Bartholomew JB, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA. The effect of a two-year school-based daily physical activity intervention on a clustered CVD risk factor score-The Sogndal school-intervention study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1027-1035. [PMID: 28759129 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate changes in clustered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in 9-year-old children following a 2-year school-based physical activity intervention. In total, 259 children (age 9.3 ± 0.3 years) were invited, of whom 256 participated. The intervention group (63 boys, 62 girls) carried out 60-minute teacher-controlled daily physical activity over two school years. The control group (62 boys, 69 girls) had the curriculum-defined amount of physical education (45 minutes twice each week). Of these, 67% (171 total, 91 intervention) successfully completed both baseline and post-intervention of six CVD risk factors: systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC:HDL ratio), waist circumference (WC), the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak ). All variables were standardized by sex prior to constructing a cluster score (sum of z scores for all variables). The effect of the intervention on the cluster score was analyzed using linear multiple regression. The cluster score improved after the intervention (ES = .29). Furthermore, the analyses showed significant effects in favor of the intervention group for systolic blood pressure (ES = .35), total cholesterol-to-HDL-c ratio (ES = .23), triglyceride (ES = .40), and VO2peak (ES = .57). A teacher-led school-based physical activity intervention that is sufficiently long and includes a substantial amount of daily physical activity can beneficially modify children's clustered CVD risk profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G K Resaland
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - E Aadland
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - A K O Nilsen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - J B Bartholomew
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - L B Andersen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - S A Anderssen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Moore JB, Beets MW, Brazendale K, Blair SN, Pate RR, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Grøntved A, Hallal PC, Kordas K, Kriemler S, Reilly JJ, Sardinha LB. Associations of Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity with Biomarkers in Youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:1366-1374. [PMID: 28277404 PMCID: PMC5472198 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) conveys known cardiometabolic benefits to youth, but the contribution of vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) to these benefits is unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine (a) the associations between VPA and cardiometabolic biomarkers independent of moderate-intensity PA (MPA) and time sedentary and (b) the accelerometer cut point that best represents the threshold for health-promoting VPA in youth. METHODS Data from the International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) were analyzed in 2015. The relationship between cardiometabolic biomarkers and four categories of VPA estimated via three sets of cut points were examined using isotemporal substitution quantile regression modeling at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentile of the distribution of each biomarker, separately. Age, sex, accelerometer wear time, sedentary time, and MPA were controlled for while allowing substitution for light-intensity PA. Data from 11,588 youth (4-18 yr) from 11 ICAD studies (collected 1998-2009) were analyzed. RESULTS Only 32 of 360 significant associations were observed. Significant, negative relationships were observed for VPA with waist circumference and insulin. Replacing light-intensity PA with VPA (corresponding to at the 25th to 90th percentiles of VPA) was associated with 0.67 (-1.33 to -0.01; P = 0.048) to 7.30 cm (-11.01 to -3.58; P < 0.001) lower waist circumference using Evenson and ICAD cut points (i.e., higher counts per minute). VPA levels were associated with 12.60 (-21.28 to -3.92; P = 0.004) to 27.03 pmol·L (-45.03 to -9.03; P = 0.003) lower insulin levels at the 75th to 90th percentiles using Evenson and ICAD cut points when substituted for light PA. CONCLUSIONS Substituting light PA with VPA was inversely associated with waist circumference and insulin. However, VPA was inconsistently related to the remaining biomarkers after controlling for time sedentary and MPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Moore
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, US
| | - Michael W. Beets
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, South Carolina, US
| | - Keith Brazendale
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, South Carolina, US
| | - Steven N. Blair
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, South Carolina, US
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Columbia, South Carolina, US
| | - Russell R. Pate
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, South Carolina, US
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Grøntved
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Katarzyna Kordas
- University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | - Susi Kriemler
- University of Zürich, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health Institute, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John J. Reilly
- University of Strathclyde, Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luis B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lopez GA, Brønd JC, Andersen LB, Dencker M, Arvidsson D. Validation of SenseWear Armband in children, adolescents, and adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:487-495. [PMID: 28543847 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SenseWear Armband (SW) is a multisensor monitor to assess physical activity and energy expenditure. Its prediction algorithms have been updated periodically. The aim was to validate SW in children, adolescents, and adults. The most recent SW algorithm 5.2 (SW5.2) and the previous version 2.2 (SW2.2) were evaluated for estimation of energy expenditure during semi-structured activities in 35 children, 31 adolescents, and 36 adults with indirect calorimetry as reference. Energy expenditure estimated from waist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ data (AG) was used for comparison. Improvements in measurement errors were demonstrated with SW5.2 compared to SW2.2, especially in children and for biking. The overall mean absolute percent error with SW5.2 was 24% in children, 23% in adolescents, and 20% in adults. The error was larger for sitting and standing (23%-32%) and for basketball and biking (19%-35%), compared to walking and running (8%-20%). The overall mean absolute error with AG was 28% in children, 22% in adolescents, and 28% in adults. The absolute percent error for biking was 32%-74% with AG. In general, SW and AG underestimated energy expenditure. However, both methods demonstrated a proportional bias, with increasing underestimation for increasing energy expenditure level, in addition to the large individual error. SW provides measures of energy expenditure level with similar accuracy in children, adolescents, and adults with the improvements in the updated algorithms. Although SW captures biking better than AG, these methods share remaining measurements errors requiring further improvements for accurate measures of physical activity and energy expenditure in clinical and epidemiological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Lopez
- Department of Human Nutrition, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J C Brønd
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L B Andersen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Norway.,Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Dencker
- Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - D Arvidsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Goharian TS, Goetze JP, Faber J, Andersen LB, Grøntved A, Jeppesen JL. Associations of Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents and Young Adults from the General Population. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:561-568. [PMID: 28338810 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In middle-aged and elderly populations, circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations are negatively associated with several components of the metabolic syndrome. Whether these negative associations are also present in healthy adolescents and young adults from the general population are unknown. METHODS In a cross-sectional setting, we measured plasma concentrations of mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) in 343 adolescents (age 14-16 years) and 616 young adults (age 20-28 years) from the Danish site of the European Youth Heart Study, which is a population-based study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children, adolescents and young adults. We used linear regression analysis to examine the associations, expressed as standardized regression coefficients, of various variables of interest with MR-proANP stratified according to age group, adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS Among the young adults, MR-proANP was negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.10, P = 0.02), waist circumference (WC) (β = -0.14, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (BP) (β = -0.08, P = 0.03), diastolic BP (β = -0.23, P < 0.001), insulin (β = -0.15, P < 0.001), and triglycerides (β = -0.14, P < 0.001). Among the adolescents a somehow different pattern was observed since MR-proANP was not significantly associated with BMI (β = -0.00, P = 0.98), WC (β = -0.01, P = 0.90) and insulin (β = -0.02, P = 0.69). Nevertheless, among the adolescents, MR-proANP was negatively associated with triglycerides (β = -0.13, P = 0.01), diastolic BP (β = -0.12, P = 0.01) and systolic BP (β = -0.10, P = 0.10), although the latter association was of borderline significance. CONCLUSIONS The young adults displayed significant negative associations between MR-proANP and several components of the metabolic syndrome, whereas such associations were not found among the adolescents besides triglycerides and diastolic BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina S Goharian
- Department of Medicine, Amager Hvidovre Hospital Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Faber
- Department of Medicine O, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn and Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen L Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine, Amager Hvidovre Hospital Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dencker M, Danielson A, Karlsson MK, Wollmer P, Andersen LB, Thorsson O. Total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution and surrogate markers for health related to adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) in children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:375-382. [PMID: 28085673 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess possible relationships between adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) and total body fat (TBF), abdominal fat, body fat distribution, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, cardiac dimensions and the increase in body fat over 2 years in a community sample of children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was used in a community sample of 170 (92 boys and 78 girls) children aged 8-11 years. TBF and abdominal fat (AFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). TBF was also expressed as percentage of total body mass (BF%), and body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test and scaled to body mass. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were measured. Echocardiography was performed. Left atrial (LA) size was measured, and left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. A follow-up DXA scan was available in 152 children (84 boys and 68 girls). Frozen serum samples were analyzed for FABP4. RESULTS Partial correlations, with adjustment for sex, between FABP4 vs. ln TBF, ln BF%, ln AFM, AFM/TBF and VO2PEAK were (r=0.69, 0.68, 0.69, 0.49 and -0.39, p<0.05 for all). Moreover, SBP, PP, LVM and LA were also weakly correlated with FABP4 (r=0.23, 0.22, 0.28 and 0.21, p<0.05 for all). Correlations between FABP4 vs. increase in TBF and AFM over 2 years were 0.29 and 0.26, p<0.05, for both. (Increase in percent body fat or change in fat distribution were not correlated.) Conclusions: Findings from this community-based cohort of young children show that increased body fat and abdominal fat, more abdominal body fat distribution, low fitness, more LVM and increased LA, increased SBP and PP were all associated with increased levels of FABP4. Increase in TBF and abdominal fat over 2 years were also associated with increased levels of FABP4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Dencker
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund
| | - Anton Danielson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund
| | - Magnus K Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sogn and Fjordane University College, Sogndal
| | - Ola Thorsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lima RA, Pfeiffer KA, Bugge A, Møller NC, Andersen LB, Stodden DF. Motor competence and cardiorespiratory fitness have greater influence on body fatness than physical activity across time. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 27:1638-1647. [PMID: 28164374 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the longitudinal associations among physical activity (PA), motor competence (MC), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak ), and body fatness across 7 years, and also analyzed the possible mediation effects of PA, MC, and VO2peak on the relationships with body fatness. This was a seven-year longitudinal study with three measuring points (mean ages [in years] and respective sample size: 6.75±0.37, n=696; 9.59±1.07, n=617; 13.35±0.34, n=513). PA (moderate-to-vigorous PA-MVPA and vigorous PA-VPA) was monitored using accelerometers. MC was assessed by the "Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder-KTK" test battery. VO2peak was evaluated using a continuous running protocol until exhaustion. Body fatness was determined by the sum of four skinfolds. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the longitudinal associations among PA, MC, VO2peak, and body fatness and the potential mediation effects of PA, MC, and VO2peak . All coefficients presented were standardized (z-scores). MC and VO2peak directly influenced the development of body fatness, and VO2peak mediated the associations between MVPA, VPA, MC, and body fatness. MC also mediated the associations between MVPA, VPA, and body fatness. In addition, VO2peak had the largest total association with body fatness (β=-0.431; P<.05), followed by MC (β=-0.369; P<.05) and VPA (β=-0.112; P<.05). As PA, MC, and VO2peak exhibited longitudinal association with body fatness, it seems logical that interventions should strive to promote the development of fitness and MC through developmentally appropriate physical activities, as the synergistic interactions of all three variables impacted body fatness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Lima
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil.,Center for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - K A Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Bugge
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - N C Møller
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - L B Andersen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn og Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - D F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education & Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Corder K, Sharp SJ, Atkin AJ, Andersen LB, Cardon G, Page A, Davey R, Grøntved A, Hallal PC, Janz KF, Kordas K, Kriemler S, Puder JJ, Sardinha LB, Ekelund U, van Sluijs EM. Age-related patterns of vigorous-intensity physical activity in youth: The International Children's Accelerometry Database. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:17-22. [PMID: 27413656 PMCID: PMC4929125 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity declines during youth but most evidence reports on combined moderate and vigorous-intensity physical activity. We investigated how vigorous-intensity activity varies with age. Cross-sectional data from 24,025 participants (5.0-18.0 y; from 20 studies in 10 countries obtained 2008-2010) providing ≥ 1 day accelerometer data (International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD)). Linear regression was used to investigate age-related patterns in vigorous-intensity activity; models included age (exposure), adjustments for monitor wear-time and study. Moderate-intensity activity was examined for comparison. Interactions were used to investigate whether the age/vigorous-activity association differed by sex, weight status, ethnicity, maternal education and region. A 6.9% (95% CI 6.2, 7.5) relative reduction in mean vigorous-intensity activity with every year of age was observed; for moderate activity the relative reduction was 6.0% (5.6%, 6.4%). The age-related decrease in vigorous-intensity activity remained after adjustment for moderate activity. A larger age-related decrease in vigorous activity was observed for girls (- 10.7%) versus boys (- 2.9%), non-white (- 12.9% to - 9.4%) versus white individuals (- 6.1%), lowest maternal education (high school (- 2.0%)) versus college/university (ns) and for overweight/obese (- 6.1%) versus healthy-weight participants (- 8.1%). In addition to larger annual decreases in vigorous-intensity activity, overweight/obese individuals, girls and North Americans had comparatively lower average vigorous-intensity activity at 5.0-5.9 y. Age-related declines in vigorous-intensity activity during youth appear relatively greater than those of moderate activity. However, due to a higher baseline, absolute moderate-intensity activity decreases more than vigorous. Overweight/obese individuals, girls, and North Americans appear especially in need of vigorous-intensity activity promotion due to low levels at 5.0-5.9 y and larger negative annual differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Corder
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Atkin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angie Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachel Davey
- Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Kathleen F. Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, US
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jardena J. Puder
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Human Movement, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Esther M.F. van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Resaland GK, Aadland E, Moe VF, Aadland KN, Skrede T, Stavnsbo M, Suominen L, Steene-Johannessen J, Glosvik Ø, Andersen JR, Kvalheim OM, Engelsrud G, Andersen LB, Holme IM, Ommundsen Y, Kriemler S, van Mechelen W, McKay HA, Ekelund U, Anderssen SA. Effects of physical activity on schoolchildren's academic performance: The Active Smarter Kids (ASK) cluster-randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 2016; 91:322-328. [PMID: 27612574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a seven-month, school-based cluster-randomized controlled trial on academic performance in 10-year-old children. METHODS In total, 1129 fifth-grade children from 57 elementary schools in Sogn og Fjordane County, Norway, were cluster-randomized by school either to the intervention group or to the control group. The children in the 28 intervention schools participated in a physical activity intervention between November 2014 and June 2015 consisting of three components: 1) 90min/week of physically active educational lessons mainly carried out in the school playground; 2) 5min/day of physical activity breaks during classroom lessons; 3) 10min/day physical activity homework. Academic performance in numeracy, reading and English was measured using standardized Norwegian national tests. Physical activity was measured objectively by accelerometry. RESULTS We found no effect of the intervention on academic performance in primary analyses (standardized difference 0.01-0.06, p>0.358). Subgroup analyses, however, revealed a favorable intervention effect for those who performed the poorest at baseline (lowest tertile) for numeracy (p=0.005 for the subgroup∗group interaction), compared to controls (standardized difference 0.62, 95% CI 0.19-1.07). CONCLUSIONS This large, rigorously conducted cluster RCT in 10-year-old children supports the notion that there is still inadequate evidence to conclude that increased physical activity in school enhances academic achievement in all children. Still, combining physical activity and learning seems a viable model to stimulate learning in those academically weakest schoolchildren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geir K Resaland
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Vegard Fusche Moe
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Katrine N Aadland
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Turid Skrede
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Mette Stavnsbo
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Laura Suominen
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.
| | | | - Øyvind Glosvik
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - John R Andersen
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Health Studies, Førde, Norway; Førde Central Hospital, Centre of Health Research, Førde, Norway.
| | - Olav M Kvalheim
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Health Studies, Førde, Norway; University of Bergen, Department of Chemistry, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Gunn Engelsrud
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingar M Holme
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yngvar Ommundsen
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Coaching and Psychology, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Heather A McKay
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Practice, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sigmund A Anderssen
- Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Steensberg AT, Eriksen MM, Larsen HD, Andersen LB, Hendriksen OM, Thougaard T. Forty-min systematic dispatcher education increases the number of speaker activations in continuous telephone CPR. Resuscitation 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
38
|
Andersen LB, Jørgensen JS, Herse F, Andersen MS, Christesen HT, Dechend R. The association between angiogenic markers and fetal sex: Implications for preeclampsia research. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 117:24-9. [PMID: 27359072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current research suggests sexual dimorphism between the male and female fetoplacental units, but with unknown relevance for preeclampsia. We investigated the association between fetal sex and concentrations of the angiogenic markers soluble Fms-like kinase 1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in first and second-third trimester in women with/without preeclampsia, and the impact of fetal sex on the prognostic value of angiogenic markers for preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN Observational study in a prospective, population-based cohort of 2110 singleton pregnancies with 150 preeclampsia cases. RESULTS Higher sFlt-1 concentrations were observed for women carrying female fetuses in first trimester (all, 1107.65 vs. 992.27pg/ml; preeclampsia cases, 1118.79 vs. 934.49pg/ml, p<0.05) and in second-third trimester (all, 1130.03 vs. 1043.15pg/ml; preeclampsia, 1480.30 vs. 1152.86pg/ml, p<0.05), with similar findings for the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio concentrations in first (29.67 vs. 27.39 p<0.05) and second-third trimester (3.56 vs. 3.22, p<0.05). In first trimester, log transformed concentrations of PlGF, sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF (all participants) and sFlt-1 (preeclampsia cases) associated with fetal sex in adjusted analyses (p<0.05). In second-third trimester, only log(sFlt-1) associated with fetal sex (all, p=0.028; preeclampsia, p=0.067) In receiver operating curve analysis, prediction of early-onset preeclampsia by sFlt-1/PlGF tended to be superior in pregnancies with female vs. male fetuses (p=0.06). CONCLUSION Sexual dimorphism was observed for concentrations of angiogenic markers. Female fetal sex was associated to higher sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio concentrations in both healthy pregnancies and women developing preeclampsia. Fetal sex should be considered in research and clinical use of angiogenic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B Andersen
- HCA Research, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - J S Jørgensen
- Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - F Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrueck Center and Charité Berlin and HELIOS Clinic Berlin-Buch, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - M S Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - H T Christesen
- HCA Research, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - R Dechend
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrueck Center and Charité Berlin and HELIOS Clinic Berlin-Buch, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tarp J, Domazet SL, Andersen LB, Froberg K, Bugge A. Effects Of A School-Based Physical Activity Intervention On Cognitive Performance In Danish Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487743.67581.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Sardinha LB, Santos DA, Silva AM, Grøntved A, Andersen LB, Ekelund U. A Comparison between BMI, Waist Circumference, and Waist-To-Height Ratio for Identifying Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149351. [PMID: 26901828 PMCID: PMC4762486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is controversial evidence on the associations between anthropometric measures with clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in pediatric ages. We aimed to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with clustered cardiometabolic risk factors and to determine whether these anthropometric variables can be used to discriminate individuals with increased cardiometabolic risk (increased clustered triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and HOMA-IR). Methods The study sample of 4255 (2191 girls and 2064 boys) participants (8–17 years) was derived from pooled cross-sectional data comprising five studies. Outcomes included a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor z-score [corresponding to the sum of z-scores for triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mean arterial pressure), and HOMA-IR] and children with ≥1.0 SD in this score were defined as being at risk for clustering cardiometabolic risk factors.. Exposure variables were BMI, WC, WHtR. Statistics included mixed-effect regression and ROC analysis. Results All anthropometric variables were associated with clustered risk and the magnitudes of associations were similar for BMI, WC, and WHtR. Models including anthropometric variables were similar in discriminating children and adolescents at increased risk with areas under the ROC curve between 0.70 and 0.74. The sensitivity (boys: 80.5–86.4%; girls: 76.6–82.3%) was markedly higher than specificity (boys: 51.85–59.4%; girls: 60.8%). Conclusions The magnitude of associations for BMI, WC, and WHtR are similar in relation to clustered cardiometabolic risk factors, and perform better at higher levels of BMI. However, the precision of these anthropometric variables to classify increased risk is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Diana A. Santos
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Analiza M. Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rexen CT, Ersbøll AK, Wedderkopp N, Andersen LB. Longitudinal influence of musculo-skeletal injuries and extra physical education on physical fitness in schoolchildren. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1470-1479. [PMID: 26620453 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate if (A) injuries and (B) increased physical education (PE) influenced the development of physical fitness in schoolchildren. Simultaneously, to investigate if a possible PE effect was modified by sport participation outside school hours. This was a longitudinal controlled school-based study. Six schools with 270 min of PE (extra PE) and four schools with 90 min of PE were followed up for 2.5 years. In total, 1054 children were included for analysis (normal PE = 443, extra PE = 611). Development in fitness was analyzed using composite z-scores from six fitness tests measured four times. Information of injury and sport was derived from weekly automated mobile phone text messages surveying the presence of musculo-skeletal pain and organized sport participation. Injury and extra PE both influenced the development of physical fitness. Injury decreased development of physical fitness with -1.01 composite z-score units (95% CI: -1.57; -0.45). Extra PE increased physical fitness development with 0.80 (95% CI: 0.49; 1.10) composite z-score units. The influence of injury was not dependent on extra PE. No modifying effect was found by mean weekly sport participation outside school hours. In conclusion, extra PE had a positive effect, whereas injuries had a negative effect on physical fitness development in schoolchildren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C T Rexen
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A K Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, København, Denmark
| | - N Wedderkopp
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport Medicine Clinic, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital of Lillebaelt, Middelfart, Denmark.,Department of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - L B Andersen
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nørgaard M, Twilt M, Andersen LB, Herlin T. Accelerometry-based monitoring of daily physical activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2015; 45:179-87. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1057862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nørgaard
- Department of Physiotherapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Twilt
- Paediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - LB Andersen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - T Herlin
- Paediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hebert JJ, Møller NC, Andersen LB, Wedderkopp N. Organized Sport Participation Is Associated with Higher Levels of Overall Health-Related Physical Activity in Children (CHAMPS Study-DK). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134621. [PMID: 26262678 PMCID: PMC4532417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many children fail to meet international guideline recommendations for health-related activity (≥60 minutes/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]), and intervention studies to date have reported negligible effects. Objective Explore the associations of organized leisure-time sport participation with overall physical activity levels and health-related physical activity guideline concordance. Methods This prospective cohort study was nested in the Childhood Health, Activity, and Motor Performance School Study Denmark. Study participants were a representative sample of 1124 primary school students. Organized leisure-time sport participation was reported via text messaging and physical activity was objectively measured over seven days with accelerometry. Associations between sport participation and physical activity level were explored with multilevel mixed-effects regression models and reported with beta coefficients (b) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results Participants were 53% female, with mean(SD) age = 8.4(1.4) years. Boys were more active than girls (p<0.001), and physical activity levels and guideline concordance decreased with age (p<0.001). Soccer participation at any frequency was associated with greater overall MVPA (b[95% CI] = 0.66[0.20,1.13] to 2.44[1.44,3.44]). Depending on participation frequency, this equates to 5–20 minutes more MVPA on the average day and 3 to 15 fold increased odds of achieving recommended levels of health-related physical activity (aOR[95%CI] = 3.04[1.49,6.19] to 14.49[1.97,106.56]). Similar associations were identified among children playing handball at least twice per week. Relationships with other sports (gymnastics, basketball, volleyball) were inconsistent. Conclusions Many children, particularly girls and those in higher grade levels do not adhere to health-related physical activity recommendations. Organized leisure-time sport participation may be a viable strategy to increase overall health-related physical activity levels and international guideline concordance in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Hebert
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Niels C. Møller
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport medicine Clinic, the Orthopedic Department, Hospital of Middelfart, Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Middelfart, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Goharian TS, Gimsing AN, Goetze JP, Faber J, Andersen LB, Grøntved A, Jeppesen JL. Mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and blood pressure in adolescents: effect of gender and pubertal stage. Blood Press 2015; 24:347-52. [PMID: 25968593 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2015.1045703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about blood pressure in relation to circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations and gender in generally healthy adolescents. We studied 15-year-old females and males (n = 335) from the Danish site of the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS). Blood pressure was measured using a standardized protocol, sexual maturity was assessed according to Tanner stage, and as a surrogate for atrial natriuretic peptide, we measured mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) in plasma. Compared with boys, girls had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mean ± SD: 109.6 ± 9.9 mmHg vs 116.9 ± 11.4 mmHg, p < 0.0001) and higher plasma MR-proANP concentrations [median (interquartile range): 42.1 pmol/l (31.9-50.2 pmol/l) vs 36.6 pmol/l (30.6-44.9 pmol/l), p = 0.0046]. When female adolescents were further subdivided according to Tanner stage, there were no differences in blood pressure and plasma MR-proANP concentrations between post-pubertal and pubertal girls (p > 0.17). In contrast, after similar subdivision, post-pubertal boys had higher SBP (mean ± SD: 117.7 ± 11.7 mmHg vs 111.4 ± 7.9 mmHg, p = 0.029) and lower plasma MR-proANP concentrations [median (interquartile range): 36.2 pmol/l (30.6-43.1 pmol/l) vs 46.4 pmol/l (30.3-51.1 pmol/l), p = 0.043] compared with pubertal boys. Given their higher SBP, boys had lower than expected plasma concentrations of MR-proANP compared with girls, and given their higher SBP, post-pubertal boys had lower than expected plasma concentrations of MR-proANP compared with pubertal boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina S Goharian
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Glostrup , Denmark
| | - Anders N Gimsing
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Glostrup , Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jens Faber
- c Department of Medicine O , Endocrine Unit, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Herlev , Denmark
| | - Lars B Andersen
- d Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics , Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- d Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics , Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Jørgen L Jeppesen
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Glostrup , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brazendale K, Beets MW, Bornstein DB, Moore JB, Pate RR, Weaver RG, Falck RS, Chandler JL, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Cardon G, Cooper A, Davey R, Froberg K, Hallal PC, Janz KF, Kordas K, Kriemler S, Puder JJ, Reilly JJ, Salmon J, Sardinha LB, Timperio A, van Sluijs EMF. Equating accelerometer estimates among youth: The Rosetta Stone 2. J Sci Med Sport 2015; 19:242-249. [PMID: 25747468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different accelerometer cutpoints used by different researchers often yields vastly different estimates of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). This is recognized as cutpoint non-equivalence (CNE), which reduces the ability to accurately compare youth MVPA across studies. The objective of this research is to develop a cutpoint conversion system that standardizes minutes of MVPA for six different sets of published cutpoints. DESIGN Secondary data analysis. METHODS Data from the International Children's Accelerometer Database (ICAD; Spring 2014) consisting of 43,112 Actigraph accelerometer data files from 21 worldwide studies (children 3-18 years, 61.5% female) were used to develop prediction equations for six sets of published cutpoints. Linear and non-linear modeling, using a leave one out cross-validation technique, was employed to develop equations to convert MVPA from one set of cutpoints into another. Bland Altman plots illustrate the agreement between actual MVPA and predicted MVPA values. RESULTS Across the total sample, mean MVPA ranged from 29.7MVPAmind(-1) (Puyau) to 126.1MVPAmind(-1) (Freedson 3 METs). Across conversion equations, median absolute percent error was 12.6% (range: 1.3 to 30.1) and the proportion of variance explained ranged from 66.7% to 99.8%. Mean difference for the best performing prediction equation (VC from EV) was -0.110mind(-1) (limits of agreement (LOA), -2.623 to 2.402). The mean difference for the worst performing prediction equation (FR3 from PY) was 34.76mind(-1) (LOA, -60.392 to 129.910). CONCLUSIONS For six different sets of published cutpoints, the use of this equating system can assist individuals attempting to synthesize the growing body of literature on Actigraph, accelerometry-derived MVPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Brazendale
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, USA.
| | - Michael W Beets
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, USA
| | | | - Justin B Moore
- University of South Carolina, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, USA
| | - Robert G Weaver
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, USA
| | - Ryan S Falck
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, USA
| | | | - Lars B Andersen
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Denmark; Norwegian School of Sport Science, Norway
| | | | - Greet Cardon
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Belgium
| | - Ashley Cooper
- University of Bristol, Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences/School of Social and Community Medicine, UK
| | - Rachel Davey
- University of Canberra, Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, Australia
| | - Karsten Froberg
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Denmark
| | | | - Kathleen F Janz
- University of Iowa, Department of Health and Human Physiology, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- University of Bristol, Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences/School of Social and Community Medicine, UK
| | - Susi Kriemler
- University of Zürich, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health Institute, Switzerland
| | - Jardena J Puder
- University of Lausanne, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Switzerland
| | - John J Reilly
- University of Glasgow, Division of Developmental Medicine, UK
| | - Jo Salmon
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences/Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Australia
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Technical University of Lisbon, Faculty of Human Movement, Portugal
| | - Anna Timperio
- University of Glasgow, Division of Developmental Medicine, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Boylan SM, Gill TP, Hare-Bruun H, Andersen LB, Heitmann BL. Associations between adolescent and adult socioeconomic status and risk of obesity and overweight in Danish adults. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 8:e163-71. [PMID: 24743012 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that socioeconomic status (SES) may influence the risk of obesity; however it is important to consider individual changes in SES over the life-course in addition to SES at specific time-points to better understand the complex associations with obesity. We explored the relationship between lifetime-specific and life-course SES and risk of obesity and overweight in Danish adults. METHODS Data were used from the Danish Youth and Sports Study (DYSS) – a 20–22 year follow-up study of Danish teenagers born between 1964 and 1969. Baseline data gathered in 1983 and 1985 included self-reported BMI, SES and physical activity. The follow-up survey (2005) repeated these assessments in addition to an assessment of diet. Complete data on adolescent and adult SES and BMI were available for 623 participants. RESULTS Following adjustments, adolescent SES had no significant association with overweight/obesity in this sample, however females of low or medium adult SES were significantly more likely to be overweight/obese compared to those of high SES (low SES: OR: 2.7; 95% CI: (1.3–5.8); p = 0.008; medium SES: OR: 4.0, 95% CI (1.6–10.2); p = 0.003). Females who decreased in SES during adulthood were significantly more likely to be overweight/obese compared to those who remained of high SES (OR: 3.1; 95% CI (1.1–9.2); p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Effects of early life-factors may be conditional upon the environment in adulthood, particularly for the women. Further research should consider the timing of SES exposure and the mechanisms which may be responsible for the socioeconomic gradients in prevalence of obesity and overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinead M Boylan
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Timothy P Gill
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Helle Hare-Bruun
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lars B Andersen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tang-Péronard JL, Jensen TK, Andersen HR, Ried-Larsen M, Grøntved A, Andersen LB, Timmermann CA, Nielsen F, Heitmann BL. Associations between Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Childhood and Overweight up to 12 Years Later in a Low Exposed Danish Population. Obes Facts 2015; 8:282-92. [PMID: 26228100 PMCID: PMC5644795 DOI: 10.1159/000438834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have metabolic disrupting abilities and are suggested to contribute to the obesity epidemic. We investigated whether serum concentrations of POPs at 8-10 years of age were associated with subsequent development of overweight at age 14-16 and 20-22 years. METHODS The study was based on data from the European Youth Heart Study, Danish component (1997). Concentrations of several polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the organochlorine pesticides p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in serum from children aged 8-10 years (n = 509). Information on BMI z-scores, waist circumference and % body fat were collected at clinical examinations at ages 8-10, 14-16 and 20-22 years. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed taking potential confounders into account. RESULTS Overall, POP serum concentrations were low: median ΣPCB 0.18 µg/g lipid, DDE 0.04 µg/g lipid and HCB 0.03 µg/g lipid. POPs were generally not associated with weight gain at 14-16 and 20-22 years of age, except for an inverse association among the highest exposed girls at 20-22 years of age, which might possibly be explained by multiple testing or residual confounding. CONCLUSION This study suggests that, in a low exposed population, childhood serum concentrations of PCB, DDE, and HCB are not associated with subsequent weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett L. Tang-Péronard
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tina K. Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle R. Andersen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clara A.G. Timmermann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Berit L. Heitmann, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute and Institute of, Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, entrance 5, ground floor, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jensen TK, Timmermann AG, Rossing LI, Ried-Larsen M, Grøntved A, Andersen LB, Dalgaard C, Hansen OH, Scheike T, Nielsen F, Grandjean P. Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and glucose metabolism in 9-year-old Danish children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2643-51. [PMID: 25093617 PMCID: PMC4255114 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated to type 2 diabetes in adults. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether concurrent plasma PCB concentration was associated with markers of glucose metabolism in healthy children. SETTING AND DESIGN Cross-sectional study of 771 healthy Danish third grade school children ages 8-10 years in the municipality of Odense were recruited in 1997 through a two-stage cluster sampling from 25 schools stratified according to location and socioeconomic character; 509 (9.7 ± 0.8 y, 53% girls) had adequate amounts available for PCB analyses. OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured and a homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B) calculated. Plasma PCB congeners and other persistent compounds were measured and ΣPCB calculated. RESULTS PCBs were present in plasma at low concentrations, median, 0.19 μg/g lipid (interquartile range, 0.12-0.31). After adjustment for putative confounding factors, the second, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles of total PCB were significantly inversely associated with serum insulin (-14.6%, -21.7%, -18.9%, -23.1%, P trend < .01), compared with the first quintile, but not with serum glucose (P = .45). HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were affected in the same direction due to the declining insulin levels with increasing PCB exposure. Similar results were found for individual PCB congeners, for βHCB (hexachlorobenzen) and pp-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene). CONCLUSIONS A strong inverse association between serum insulin and PCB exposure was found while fasting glucose remained within the expected narrow range. Our findings suggest that PCB may not exert effect through decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity, as seen in obese and low-fit children, but rather through a toxicity to β-cells. It remains to be demonstrated whether lower HOMA-B is caused by destruction of β-cell-reducing peripheral insulin resistance and thereby increase fasting glucose as previously found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina K Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine (T.K.J., A.G.T., L.I.R., C.D., F.N., P.G.), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (M.R.L., A.G., L.B.A.), Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; and Department of Biostatistics (O.H.H., T.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Galthen-Sørensen M, Andersen LB, Sperling L, Christesen HT. Maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and fetal bone growth assessed by ultrasound: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44:633-640. [PMID: 24891235 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess systematically the role of maternal vitamin D levels in fetal bone growth. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched using the search words [Vitamin D] in combination with [fetal, fetus, intrauterine, or prenatal AND growth, development, bone, femur, or humerus]; [crown-rump length]; or [ultrasonography, prenatal]. Criteria for inclusion in this systematic review were data on maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) during pregnancy and measurement of fetal growth by ultrasound. RESULTS We identified 750 publications initially, from which five observational studies were selected for inclusion in the final review. The parameters studied were humerus length (HL) and femur length (FL) and their Z-scores, femoral volume, femoral distal metaphyseal cross-sectional area (CSA), femoral proximal metaphyseal diameter (PMD), femoral mid-shaft diameter and crown-rump length. In one study, 25(OH)D was associated directly with FL; in another study 25(OH)D only correlated with FL and HL Z-scores when calcium intake was insufficient. Two studies found no association between 25(OH)D and FL, but detected a direct association with femoral PMD, and an inverse relation with femoral distal metaphyseal CSA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Observational studies investigating the role of maternal vitamin D levels in fetal bone growth are sparse. Their evidence suggests that low maternal 25(OH)D levels may affect fetal bone growth under certain circumstances, especially in cases of simultaneous low calcium intake. Further studies are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Galthen-Sørensen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ried-Larsen M, Grøntved A, Østergaard L, Cooper AR, Froberg K, Andersen LB, Møller NC. Associations between bicycling and carotid arterial stiffness in adolescents: The European Youth Hearts Study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:661-9. [PMID: 25156494 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between bicycling and carotid arterial stiffness, independent of objectively measured moderate-and-vigorous physical activity. This cross-sectional study included 375 adolescents (age 15.7 ± 0.4 years) from the Danish site of the European Youth Heart Study. Total frequency of bicycle usage was assessed by self-report, and carotid arterial stiffness was assessed using B-mode ultrasound. After adjusting for pubertal status, body height, and objectively measured physical activity and other personal lifestyle and demographic factors, boys using their bicycle every day of the week displayed a higher carotid arterial compliance {standard beta 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.87]} and distension [standard beta 0.38 (95% CI -0.04 to 0.81)]. Boys using their bicycle every day of the week furthermore displayed a lower Young's elastic modulus [standard beta -0.48 (95% CI -0.91 to -0.06)]. Similar trends were observed when investigating the association between commuter bicycling and carotid arterial stiffness. These associations were not observed in girls. Our observations suggest that increasing bicycling in adolescence may be beneficial to carotid arterial health among boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ried-Larsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM), Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Grøntved
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L Østergaard
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A R Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K Froberg
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L B Andersen
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - N C Møller
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|