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Ahmed MA, Kamel EO, Abd-Eldayem AM. Role of cAMP/pCREB and GSK-3β/NF-κB p65 signaling pathways in the renoprotective effect of mirabegron against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176617. [PMID: 38679120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury and other renal disorders are thought to be primarily caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR). Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has plenty of physiological pleiotropic effects and preserves tissue integrity and functions. This research aimed to examine the potential protective effects of the β3-adrenergic receptors agonist mirabegron in a rat model of RIR and its underlying mechanisms. Male rats enrolled in this work were given an oral dose of 30 mg/kg mirabegron for two days before surgical induction of RIR. Renal levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), cAMP, cAMP-responsive element binding protein (pCREB), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) were assessed along with blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Additionally, caspase-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 were explored by immunohistochemical analysis. Renal specimens were inspected for histopathological changes. RIR led to renal tissue damage with elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. The renal KIM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, and GSK-3β were significantly increased, while IL-10, cAMP, and pCREB levels were reduced. Moreover, upregulation of caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 protein expression was seen in RIR rats. Mirabegron significantly reduced kidney dysfunction, histological abnormalities, inflammation, and apoptosis in the rat renal tissues. Mechanistically, mirabegron mediated these effects via modulation of cAMP/pCREB and GSK-3β/NF-κB p65 signaling pathways. Mirabegron administration could protect renal tissue and maintain renal function against RIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esam O Kamel
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abd-Eldayem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Merit University, Sohag, Egypt.
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2
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Corbi G, Comegna M, Vinciguerra C, Capasso A, Onorato L, Salucci AM, Rapacciuolo A, Cannavo A. Age and sex mediated effects of estrogen and Β3-adrenergic receptor on cardiovascular pathophysiology. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112420. [PMID: 38588751 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences are consistently identified in determining the prevalence, manifestation, and response to therapies in several systemic disorders, including those affecting the cardiovascular (CV), skeletal muscle, and nervous system. Interestingly, such differences are often more noticeable as we age. For example, premenopausal women experience a lower risk of CV disease than men of the same age. While at an advanced age, with menopause, the risk of cardiovascular diseases and adverse outcomes increases exponentially in women, exceeding that of men. However, this effect appears to be reversed in diseases such as pulmonary hypertension, where women are up to seven times more likely than men to develop an idiopathic form of the disease with symptoms developing ten years earlier than their male counterparts. Explaining this is a complex question. However, several factors and mechanisms have been identified in recent decades, including a role for sex hormones, particularly estrogens and their related receptors. Furthermore, an emerging role in these sex differences has also been suggested for β-adrenergic receptors (βARs), which are essential regulators of mammalian physiology. It has in fact been shown that βARs interact with estrogen receptors (ER), providing further demonstration of their involvement in determining sexual differences. Based on these premises, this review article focused on the β3AR subtype, which shows important activities in adipose tissue but with new and interesting roles in regulating the function of cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. In detail, we examined how β3AR and ER signaling are intertwined and whether there would be sex- and age-dependent specific effects of these receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marika Comegna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies - Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Vinciguerra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Onorato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rapacciuolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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3
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Milano S, Saponara I, Gerbino A, Carmosino M, Svelto M, Procino G. The β3-AR agonist BRL37344 ameliorates the main symptoms of X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in the mouse model of the disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18301. [PMID: 38652212 PMCID: PMC11037407 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (X-NDI) is a rare congenital disease caused by inactivating mutations of the vasopressin type-2 receptor (AVPR2), characterized by impaired renal concentrating ability, dramatic polyuria, polydipsia and risk of dehydration. The disease, which still lacks a cure, could benefit from the pharmacologic stimulation of other GPCRs, activating the cAMP-intracellular pathway in the kidney cells expressing the AVPR2. On the basis of our previous studies, we here hypothesized that the β3-adrenergic receptor could be such an ideal candidate. We evaluated the effect of continuous 24 h stimulation of the β3-AR with the agonist BRL37344 and assessed the effects on urine output, urine osmolarity, water intake and the abundance and activation of the key renal water and electrolyte transporters, in the mouse model of X-NDI. Here we demonstrate that the β3-AR agonism exhibits a potent antidiuretic effect. The strong improvement in symptoms of X-NDI produced by a single i.p. injection of BRL37344 (1 mg/kg) was limited to 3 h but repeated administrations in the 24 h, mimicking the effect of a slow-release preparation, promoted a sustained antidiuretic effect, reducing the 24 h urine output by 27%, increasing urine osmolarity by 25% and reducing the water intake by 20%. At the molecular level, we show that BRL37344 acted by increasing the phosphorylation of NKCC2, NCC and AQP2 in the renal cell membrane, thereby increasing electrolytes and water reabsorption in the kidney tubule of X-NDI mice. Taken together, these data suggest that human β3-AR agonists might represent an effective possible treatment strategy for X-NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Milano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly
- Department of SciencesUniversity of BasilicataPotenzaItaly
| | - Ilenia Saponara
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | | | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly
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Pasha A, Tondo A, Favre C, Calvani M. Inside the Biology of the β3-Adrenoceptor. Biomolecules 2024; 14:159. [PMID: 38397396 PMCID: PMC10887351 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the first discovery in 1989, the β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) has gained great attention because it showed the ability to regulate many physiologic and metabolic activities, such as thermogenesis and lipolysis in brown and white adipose tissue, respectively (BAT, WAT), negative inotropic effects in cardiomyocytes, and relaxation of the blood vessels and the urinary bladder. The β3-AR has been suggested as a potential target for cancer treatment, both in adult and pediatric tumors, since under hypoxia its upregulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) regulates stromal cell differentiation, tumor growth and metastases, signifying that its agonism/antagonism could be useful for clinical benefits. Promising results in cancer research have proposed the β3-AR being targeted for the treatment of many conditions, with some drugs, at present, undergoing phase II and III clinical trials. In this review, we report the scientific journey followed by the research from the β3-Ars' discovery, with focus on the β3-Ars' role in cancer initiation and progression that elects it an intriguing target for novel antineoplastic approaches. The overview highlights the great potential of the β3-AR, both in physiologic and pathologic conditions, with the intention to display the possible benefits of β3-AR modulation in cancer reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amada Pasha
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tondo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Maura Calvani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
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Joyce W, Warwicker J, Shiels HA, Perry SF. Evolution and divergence of teleost adrenergic receptors: why sometimes 'the drugs don't work' in fish. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245859. [PMID: 37823524 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Adrenaline and noradrenaline, released as hormones and/or neurotransmitters, exert diverse physiological functions in vertebrates, and teleost fishes are widely used as model organisms to study adrenergic regulation; however, such investigations often rely on receptor subtype-specific pharmacological agents (agonists and antagonists; see Glossary) developed and validated in mammals. Meanwhile, evolutionary (phylogenetic and comparative genomic) studies have begun to unravel the diversification of adrenergic receptors (ARs) and reveal that whole-genome duplications and pseudogenization events in fishes results in notable distinctions from mammals in their genomic repertoire of ARs, while lineage-specific gene losses within teleosts have generated significant interspecific variability. In this Review, we visit the evolutionary history of ARs (including α1-, α2- and β-ARs) to highlight the prominent interspecific differences in teleosts, as well as between teleosts and other vertebrates. We also show that structural modelling of teleost ARs predicts differences in ligand binding affinity compared with mammalian orthologs. To emphasize the difficulty of studying the roles of different AR subtypes in fish, we collate examples from the literature of fish ARs behaving atypically compared with standard mammalian pharmacology. Thereafter, we focus on specific case studies of the liver, heart and red blood cells, where our understanding of AR expression has benefited from combining pharmacological approaches with molecular genetics. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing advances in 'omics' technologies that, alongside classical pharmacology, will provide abundant opportunities to further explore adrenergic signalling in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Joyce
- Department of Biology - Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jim Warwicker
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Steve F Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
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Buxton ILO, Asif H, Barnett SD. β3 Receptor Signaling in Pregnant Human Myometrium Suggests a Role for β3 Agonists as Tocolytics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1005. [PMID: 37371585 DOI: 10.3390/biom13061005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm labor leading to preterm birth is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. At the present time, nothing can reliably halt labor once it begins. The knowledge that agonists of the β2 adrenergic receptor relax airway smooth muscle and are effective in the treatment of asthma led to the notion that β2 mimetics would prevent preterm birth by relaxing uterine smooth muscle. The activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by β2 receptors is unable to provide meaningful tocolysis. The failure of β2 agonists such as ritodrine and terbutaline to prevent preterm birth suggests that the regulation of uterine smooth muscle is disparate from that of airway. Other smooth muscle quiescent-mediating molecules, such as nitric oxide, relax vascular smooth muscle in a cGMP-protein kinase G-dependent manner; however, nitric oxide activation of protein kinase G fails to explain the relaxation of the myometrium to nitric oxide. Moreover, nitric oxide-mediated relaxation is blunted in preterm labor, and thus, for this reason and because of the fall in maternal blood pressure, nitric oxide cannot be employed as a tocolytic. The β3 adrenergic receptor-mediated relaxation of the human myometrium is claimed to be cAMP-dependent protein kinase-dependent. This is scientifically displeasing given the failure of β2 agonists as tocolytics and suggests a non-canonical signaling role for β3AR in myometrium. The addition of the β3 agonist mirabegron to pregnant human myometrial strips in the tissue bath relaxes oxytocin-induced contractions. Mirabegron stimulates nitric oxide production in myometrial microvascular endothelial cells, and the relaxation of uterine tissue in vitro is partially blocked by the addition of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase blocker Nω-Nitro-L-arginine. Recent data suggest that both endothelial and smooth muscle cells respond to β3 stimulation and contribute to relaxation through disparate signaling pathways. The repurposing of approved medications such as mirabegron (Mybetriq™) tested in human myometrium as uterine tocolytics can advance the prevention of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain L O Buxton
- Myometrial Function Group, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Hazik Asif
- Myometrial Function Group, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Scott D Barnett
- Myometrial Function Group, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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7
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Zhang JY, Zhao Q, Li XM, Liu F, Zhao Q, Men L, Chen QJ, Zhai H, Yang YN. Association of an ADRB3 Variant with Coronary Artery Disease Within the Chinese Han Population: Construction of a Predictive Nomogram Model. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:81-89. [PMID: 36989522 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a the most common type of heart disease, and is associated with the highest mortality rate. The role of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB3) in energy homeostasis and lipolysis suggests that it may be associated with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and hypertension. Herein, we sought to examine the relationship between CAD and variants of the ADRB3 gene in individuals with Han and Uygur ethnicities in China. Methods: All 1022 participants were genotyped for two ADRB3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1892818 and rs9693898) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan). Uygur (259 CAD patients, 161 control group) and Han (308 CAD patients, 294 control group) were included in two case-control studies. We subsequently developed a predictive model using ADRB3 genetic variation and clinical variables to predict risk of CAD. Results: The rs1892818 CT genotype (8.5% vs 3.9%, p = 0.019) and T allele (4.3% vs 1.9%, p = 0.021) were more frequently detected in the control subjects compared to CAD patients of the Han population but not in the Uygur population. The rs9693898 was not associated with CAD in either ethnic population. Logistic regression analysis further demonstrated that carriers of the rs1892818 CT genotype had a lower risk of CAD than did those with the CC genotype (CT vs CC, p = 0.044, odds ratio [OR] = 0.441, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.199-0.976). Using this data, we constructed a predictive nomogram model for CAD with an area under the curve (95% CI) of 0.722 (0.682, 0.761). Conclusions: Our results suggest that rs1892818 is associated with CAD in the Han population and that the CT genotype of rs1892818 may serve as a protective factor for CAD in Han individuals. The proposed nomograms can be used for the prediction of CAD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Men
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qing-Jie Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Chechekhin V, Ivanova A, Kulebyakin K, Sysoeva V, Naida D, Arbatsky M, Basalova N, Karagyaur M, Skryabina M, Efimenko A, Grigorieva O, Kalinina N, Tkachuk V, Tyurin-Kuzmin P. Alpha1A- and Beta3-Adrenoceptors Interplay in Adipose Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Novel Mechanism of Obesity-Driven Hypertension. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040585. [PMID: 36831252 PMCID: PMC9954306 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and myocardial infarctions. Nearly 70% of hypertension onsets in adults can be attributed to obesity, primarily due to sympathetic overdrive and the dysregulated renin-angiotensin system. Sympathetic overdrive increases vasoconstriction via α1-adrenoceptor activation on vascular cells. Despite the fact that a sympathetic outflow increases in individuals with obesity, as a rule, there is a cohort of patients with obesity who do not develop hypertension. In this study, we investigated how adrenoceptors' expression and functioning in adipose tissue are affected by obesity-driven hypertension. Here, we demonstrated that α1A is a predominant isoform of α1-adrenoceptors expressed in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity, specifically by multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). These cells respond to prolonged exposure to noradrenaline in the model of sympathetic overdrive through the elevation of α1A-adrenoceptor expression and signaling. The extent of MSCs' response to noradrenaline correlates with a patient's arterial hypertension. scRNAseq analysis revealed that in the model of sympathetic overdrive, the subpopulation of MSCs with contractile phenotype expanded significantly. Elevated α1A-adrenoceptor expression is triggered specifically by beta3-adrenoceptors. These data define a novel pathophysiological mechanism of obesity-driven hypertension by which noradrenaline targets MSCs to increase microvessel constrictor responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Chechekhin
- Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Kulebyakin
- Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika Sysoeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Naida
- Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, 105094 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Arbatsky
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya Basalova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Karagyaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Skryabina
- Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Efimenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Grigorieva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Kalinina
- Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Tkachuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pyotr Tyurin-Kuzmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Khan O, Patel M, Tomdio AN, Beall J, Jovin IS. Beta-Blockers in the Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease: Evidence and Clinical Practice. Heart Views 2023; 24:41-49. [PMID: 37124437 PMCID: PMC10144413 DOI: 10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_75_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease characterized by atherosclerotic plaque buildup that can lead to partial or full obstruction of blood flow in the coronary arteries. Treatment for CAD involves a combination of lifestyle changes, pharmacologic therapy, and modern revascularization procedures. Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (or beta-blockers) have been widely used for decades as a key therapy for CAD. In this review, prior studies are examined to better understand beta-adrenoceptor antagonist use in patients with acute coronary syndrome, stable coronary heart disease, and in the perioperative setting. The evidence for the benefit of beta-blocker therapy is well established for patients with acute myocardial infarction, but it diminishes as the time from the index cardiac event elapses. The evidence for benefit in the perioperative setting is not strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Khan
- Department of Medicine, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Murti Patel
- Department of Medicine, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna N. Tomdio
- Department of Medicine, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffrey Beall
- Department of Medicine, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ion S. Jovin
- Department of Medicine, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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10
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Zingg JM, Fassini PG, Suen VMM. Bioactive dietary components-Anti-obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 49:297-321. [PMID: 36468445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of the long-term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long-term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Ferrero KM, Koch WJ. GRK2 in cardiovascular disease and its potential as a therapeutic target. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:14-23. [PMID: 35878706 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of death globally. Despite major advances in the field of pharmacological CVD treatments, particularly in the field of heart failure (HF) research, case numbers and overall mortality remain high and have trended upwards over the last few years. Thus, identifying novel molecular targets for developing HF therapeutics remains a key research focus. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical myocardial signal transducers which regulate cardiac contractility, growth, adaptation and metabolism. Additionally, GPCR dysregulation underlies multiple models of cardiac pathology, and most pharmacological therapeutics currently used in HF target these receptors. Currently-approved treatments have improved patient outcomes, but therapies to stop or reverse HF are lacking. A recent focus on GPCR intracellular-regulating proteins such as GPCR kinases (GRKs) has uncovered GRK2 as a promising target for combating HF. Current literature strongly establishes increased levels and activity of GRK2 in multiple models of CVD. Additionally, the GRK2 interactome includes numerous proteins which interact with differential domains of GRK2 to modulate both beneficial and deleterious signaling pathways in the heart, indicating that these domains can be targeted with a high level of specificity unique to various cardiac pathologies. These data support the premise that GRK2 should be at the forefront of a novel investigative drug search. This perspective reviews cardiac GPCRs, describes the structure and functions of GRK2 in cardiac function and maladaptive pathology, and summarizes the ongoing and future research for targeting this critical kinase across cellular, animal and human models of cardiac dysfunction and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Ferrero
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Mahmood A, Ahmed K, Zhang Y. β-Adrenergic Receptor Desensitization/Down-Regulation in Heart Failure: A Friend or Foe? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:925692. [PMID: 35845057 PMCID: PMC9283919 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.925692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac sympathetic activation, mediated by β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), normally increases cardiac contraction and relaxation. Accomplishing this task requires a physiological, concerted Ca2+ signaling, being able to increase Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in systole and speed up Ca2+ re-uptake in diastole. In heart failure (HF) myocardial β-ARs undergo desensitization/down-regulation due to sustained sympathetic adrenergic activation. β-AR desensitization/down-regulation diminishes adrenergic signaling and cardiac contractile reserve, and is conventionally considered to be detrimental in HF progression. Abnormal Ca2+ handling, manifested as cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) dysfunction and diastolic Ca2+ leak (due to sustained adrenergic activation) also occur in HF. RyR2 dysfunction and Ca2+ leak deplete SR Ca2+ store, diminish Ca2+ release in systole and elevate Ca2+ levels in diastole, impairing both systolic and diastolic ventricular function. Moreover, elevated Ca2+ levels in diastole promote triggered activity and arrhythmogenesis. In the presence of RyR2 dysfunction and Ca2+ leak, further activation of the β-AR signaling in HF would worsen the existing abnormal Ca2+ handling, exacerbating not only cardiac dysfunction, but also ventricular arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death. Thus, we conclude that β-AR desensitization/down-regulation may be a self-preserving, adaptive process (acting like an intrinsic β-AR blocker) protecting the failing heart from developing lethal ventricular arrhythmias under conditions of elevated sympathetic drive and catecholamine levels in HF, rather than a conventionally considered detrimental process. This also implies that medications simply enhancing β-AR signaling (like β-AR agonists) may not be so beneficial unless they can also correct dysfunctional Ca2+ handling in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrahim Mahmood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Kinza Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Youhua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
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13
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Van Baelen AC, Robin P, Kessler P, Maïga A, Gilles N, Servent D. Structural and Functional Diversity of Animal Toxins Interacting With GPCRs. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:811365. [PMID: 35198603 PMCID: PMC8859281 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.811365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide toxins from venoms have undergone a long evolutionary process allowing host defense or prey capture and making them highly selective and potent for their target. This has resulted in the emergence of a large panel of toxins from a wide diversity of species, with varied structures and multiple associated biological functions. In this way, animal toxins constitute an inexhaustible reservoir of druggable molecules due to their interesting pharmacological properties. One of the most interesting classes of therapeutic targets is the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs represent the largest family of membrane receptors in mammals with approximately 800 different members. They are involved in almost all biological functions and are the target of almost 30% of drugs currently on the market. Given the interest of GPCRs in the therapeutic field, the study of toxins that can interact with and modulate their activity with the purpose of drug development is of particular importance. The present review focuses on toxins targeting GPCRs, including peptide-interacting receptors or aminergic receptors, with a particular focus on structural aspects and, when relevant, on potential medical applications. The toxins described here exhibit a great diversity in size, from 10 to 80 amino acids long, in disulfide bridges, from none to five, and belong to a large panel of structural scaffolds. Particular toxin structures developed here include inhibitory cystine knot (ICK), three-finger fold, and Kunitz-type toxins. We summarize current knowledge on the structural and functional diversity of toxins interacting with GPCRs, concerning first the agonist-mimicking toxins that act as endogenous agonists targeting the corresponding receptor, and second the toxins that differ structurally from natural agonists and which display agonist, antagonist, or allosteric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cécile Van Baelen
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour La Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Robin
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour La Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Kessler
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour La Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arhamatoulaye Maïga
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour La Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gilles
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour La Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Denis Servent
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour La Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- *Correspondence: Denis Servent,
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14
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Filippi L, Pini A, Cammalleri M, Bagnoli P, Dal Monte M. β3-Adrenoceptor, a novel player in the round-trip from neonatal diseases to cancer: Suggestive clues from embryo. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:1179-1201. [PMID: 34967048 PMCID: PMC9303287 DOI: 10.1002/med.21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of the β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs) in hypoxia-driven diseases has gained visibility after the demonstration that propranolol promotes the regression of infantile hemangiomas and ameliorates the signs of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Besides the role of β2-ARs, preclinical studies in ROP have also revealed that β3-ARs are upregulated by hypoxia and that they are possibly involved in retinal angiogenesis. In a sort of figurative round trip, peculiarities typical of ROP, where hypoxia drives retinal neovascularization, have been then translated to cancer, a disease equally characterized by hypoxia-driven angiogenesis. In this step, investigating the role of β3-ARs has taken advantage of the assumption that cancer growth uses a set of strategies in common with embryo development. The possibility that hypoxic induction of β3-ARs may represent one of the mechanisms through which primarily embryo (and then cancer, as an astute imitator) adapts to grow in an otherwise hostile environment, has grown evidence. In both cancer and embryo, β3-ARs exert similar functions by exploiting a metabolic shift known as the Warburg effect, by acquiring resistance against xenobiotics, and by inducing a local immune tolerance. An additional potential role of β3-AR as a marker of stemness has been suggested by the finding that its antagonism induces cancer cell differentiation evoking that β3-ARs may help cancer to grow in a nonhospital environment, a strategy also exploited by embryos. From cancer, the round trip goes back to neonatal diseases for which new possible interpretative keys and potential pharmacological perspectives have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care UnitUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Maurizio Cammalleri
- Department of Biology, Unit of General PhysiologyUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, Unit of General PhysiologyUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, Unit of General PhysiologyUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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15
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Koep JL, Taylor CE, Coombes JS, Bond B, Ainslie PN, Bailey TG. Autonomic control of cerebral blood flow: fundamental comparisons between peripheral and cerebrovascular circulations in humans. J Physiol 2021; 600:15-39. [PMID: 34842285 DOI: 10.1113/jp281058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the contribution of the autonomic nervous system to cerebral blood flow (CBF) control is challenging, and interpretations are unclear. The identification of calcium channels and adrenoreceptors within cerebral vessels has led to common misconceptions that the function of these receptors and actions mirror those of the peripheral vasculature. This review outlines the fundamental differences and complex actions of cerebral autonomic activation compared with the peripheral circulation. Anatomical differences, including the closed nature of the cerebrovasculature, and differential adrenoreceptor subtypes, density, distribution and sensitivity, provide evidence that measures on peripheral sympathetic nerve activity cannot be extrapolated to the cerebrovasculature. Cerebral sympathetic nerve activity seems to act opposingly to the peripheral circulation, mediated at least in part by changes in intracranial pressure and cerebral blood volume. Additionally, heterogeneity in cerebral adrenoreceptor distribution highlights region-specific autonomic regulation of CBF. Compensatory chemo- and autoregulatory responses throughout the cerebral circulation, and interactions with parasympathetic nerve activity are unique features to the cerebral circulation. This crosstalk between sympathetic and parasympathetic reflexes acts to ensure adequate perfusion of CBF to rising and falling perfusion pressures, optimizing delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the brain, while attempting to maintain blood volume and intracranial pressure. Herein, we highlight the distinct similarities and differences between autonomic control of cerebral and peripheral blood flow, and the regional specificity of sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation within the cerebrovasculature. Future research directions are outlined with the goal to further our understanding of autonomic control of CBF in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L Koep
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise, Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Chloe E Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise, Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bert Bond
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tom G Bailey
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise, Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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β3-Adrenoreceptors as ROS Balancer in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062835. [PMID: 33799536 PMCID: PMC8000316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has acquired a primary role in the management of a broad spectrum of diseases including cancer, hematologic conditions, immune system dysregulations, and inborn errors of metabolism. The different types of HSCT, autologous and allogeneic, include risks of severe complications including acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) complications, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, lung injury, and infections. Despite being a dangerous procedure, it improved patient survival. Hence, its use was extended to treat autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, malignant infantile disorders, and hereditary skeletal dysplasia. HSCT is performed to restore or treat various congenital conditions in which immunologic functions are compromised, for instance, by chemo- and radiotherapy, and involves the administration of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in patients with depleted or dysfunctional bone marrow (BM). Since HSCs biology is tightly regulated by oxidative stress (OS), the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is important to maintain their self-renewal capacity. In quiescent HSCs, low ROS levels are essential for stemness maintenance; however, physiological ROS levels promote HSC proliferation and differentiation. High ROS levels are mainly involved in short-term repopulation, whereas low ROS levels are associated with long-term repopulating ability. In this review, we aim summarize the current state of knowledge about the role of β3-adrenoreceptors (β3-ARs) in regulating HSCs redox homeostasis. β3-ARs play a major role in regulating stromal cell differentiation, and the antagonist SR59230A promotes differentiation of different progenitor cells in hematopoietic tumors, suggesting that β3-ARs agonism and antagonism could be exploited for clinical benefit.
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17
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Bennett M, Chang CL, Tatley M, Savage R, Hancox RJ. The safety of cardioselective β 1-blockers in asthma: literature review and search of global pharmacovigilance safety reports. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00801-2020. [PMID: 33681344 PMCID: PMC7917232 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00801-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Beta-blockers are key in the management of cardiovascular diseases but blocking airway β2-receptors can cause severe and sometimes fatal bronchoconstriction in people with asthma. Although cardioselective β1-blockers may be safer than non-selective β-blockers, they remain relatively contraindicated and under-prescribed. We review the evidence of the risk associated with cardioselective β1-blocker use in asthma. Methods We searched “asthma” AND “beta-blocker” in PubMed and EmbaseOvid from start to May 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) global database of individual case safety reports (VigiBase) was searched for reports of fatal asthma or bronchospasm and listed cardioselective β1-blocker use (accessed February 2020). Reports were examined for evidence of pre-existing asthma. Results PubMed and EmbaseOvid searches identified 304 and 327 publications, respectively. No published reports of severe or fatal asthma associated with cardioselective β1-blockers were found. Three large observational studies reported no increase in asthma exacerbations with cardioselective β1-blocker treatment. The VigiBase search identified five reports of fatalities in patients with pre-existing asthma and reporting asthma or bronchospasm during cardioselective β1-blocker use. Four of these deaths were unrelated to cardioselective β1-blocker use. The circumstances of the fifth death were unclear. Conclusions There were no published reports of cardioselective β1-blockers causing asthma death. Observational data suggest that cardioselective β1-blocker use is not associated with increased asthma exacerbations. We found only one report of an asthma death potentially caused by cardioselective β1-blockers in a patient with asthma in a search of VigiBase. The reluctance to use cardioselective β1-blockers in people with asthma is not supported by this evidence. There are no published reports of asthma deaths associated with cardioselective β1-blocker use and only one possible death in WHO VigiBase reports. Despite widespread concerns, asthma deaths associated with cardioselective β1-blockers are very rare.https://bit.ly/3if6TuY
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bennett
- Respiratory Research Unit, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Catherina L Chang
- Respiratory Research Unit, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Michael Tatley
- New Zealand Pharmacovigilance Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Savage
- New Zealand Pharmacovigilance Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Dept of General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert J Hancox
- Respiratory Research Unit, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Dept of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Saunders SL, Hutchinson DS, Britton FC, Liu L, Markus I, Sandow SL, Murphy TV. Effect of β 1 /β 2 -adrenoceptor blockade on β 3 -adrenoceptor activity in the rat cremaster muscle artery. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1789-1804. [PMID: 33506492 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The physiological role of vascular β3 -adrenoceptors is not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests cardiac β3 -adrenoceptors are functionally effective after down-regulation of β1 /β2 -adrenoceptors. The functional interaction between the β3 -adrenoceptor and other β-adrenoceptor subtypes in rat striated muscle arteries was investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Studies were performed in cremaster muscle arteries isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats. β-adrenoceptor expression was assessed through RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Functional effects of β3 -adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists and other β-adrenoceptor ligands were measured using pressure myography. KEY RESULTS All three β-adrenoceptor subtypes were present in the endothelium of the cremaster muscle artery. The β3 -adrenoceptor agonists mirabegron and CL 316,243 had no effect on the diameter of pressurized (70 mmHg) cremaster muscle arterioles with myogenic tone, while the β3 -adrenoceptor agonist SR 58611A and the nonselective β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline caused concentration-dependent dilation. In the presence of β1/2 -adrenoceptor antagonists nadolol (10 μM), atenolol (1 μM) and ICI 118,551 (0.1 μM) both mirabegron and CL 316,243 were effective in causing vasodilation and the potency of SR 58611A was enhanced, while responses to isoprenaline were inhibited. The β3 -adrenoceptor antagonist L 748,337 (1 μM) inhibited vasodilation caused by β3 -adrenoceptor agonists (in the presence of β1/2 -adrenoceptor blockade), but L 748,337 had no effect on isoprenaline-induced vasodilation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS All three β-adrenoceptor subtypes were present in the endothelium of the rat cremaster muscle artery, but β3 -adrenoceptor mediated vasodilation was only evident after blockade of β1/2 -adrenoceptors. This suggests constitutive β1/2 -adrenoceptor activity inhibits β3 -adrenoceptor function in the endothelium of skeletal muscle resistance arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Saunders
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona C Britton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Irit Markus
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun L Sandow
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Biomedical Science, School of Health and Sports Science, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy V Murphy
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Nitric Oxide and S-Nitrosylation in Cardiac Regulation: G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase-2 and β-Arrestins as Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020521. [PMID: 33430208 PMCID: PMC7825736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diseases including heart failure (HF), are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Among the prominent characteristics of HF is the loss of β-adrenoceptor (AR)-mediated inotropic reserve. This is primarily due to the derangements in myocardial regulatory signaling proteins, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins (β-Arr) that modulate β-AR signal termination via receptor desensitization and downregulation. GRK2 and β-Arr2 activities are elevated in the heart after injury/stress and participate in HF through receptor inactivation. These GPCR regulators are modulated profoundly by nitric oxide (NO) produced by NO synthase (NOS) enzymes through S-nitrosylation due to receptor-coupled NO generation. S-nitrosylation, which is NO-mediated modification of protein cysteine residues to generate an S-nitrosothiol (SNO), mediates many effects of NO independently from its canonical guanylyl cyclase/cGMP/protein kinase G signaling. Herein, we review the knowledge on the NO system in the heart and S-nitrosylation-dependent modifications of myocardial GPCR signaling components GRKs and β-Arrs.
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20
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Michel LYM, Farah C, Balligand JL. The Beta3 Adrenergic Receptor in Healthy and Pathological Cardiovascular Tissues. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122584. [PMID: 33276630 PMCID: PMC7761574 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The third isotype of beta-adrenoreceptors (β3-AR) has recently come (back) into focus after the observation of its expression in white and beige human adipocytes and its implication in metabolic regulation. This coincides with the recent development and marketing of agonists at the human receptor with superior specificity. Twenty years ago, however, we and others described the expression of β3-AR in human myocardium and its regulation of contractility and cardiac remodeling. Subsequent work from many laboratories has since expanded the characterization of β3-AR involvement in many aspects of cardiovascular physio(patho)logy, justifying the present effort to update current paradigms under the light of the most recent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Y. M. Michel
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.Y.M.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Charlotte Farah
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.Y.M.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.Y.M.M.); (C.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-27645262
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21
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Borovac JA, D'Amario D, Bozic J, Glavas D. Sympathetic nervous system activation and heart failure: Current state of evidence and the pathophysiology in the light of novel biomarkers. World J Cardiol 2020; 12:373-408. [PMID: 32879702 PMCID: PMC7439452 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i8.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the activation of at least several neurohumoral pathways that have a common role in maintaining cardiac output and adequate perfusion pressure of target organs and tissues. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is upregulated in HF as evident in dysfunctional baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, circulating and neuronal catecholamine spillover, attenuated parasympathetic response, and augmented sympathetic outflow to the heart, kidneys and skeletal muscles. When these sympathoexcitatory effects on the cardiovascular system are sustained chronically they initiate the vicious circle of HF progression and become associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis, maladaptive ventricular and vascular remodeling, arrhythmogenesis, and poor prognosis in patients with HF. These detrimental effects of SNS activity on outcomes in HF warrant adequate diagnostic and treatment modalities. Therefore, this review summarizes basic physiological concepts about the interaction of SNS with the cardiovascular system and highlights key pathophysiological mechanisms of SNS derangement in HF. Finally, special emphasis in this review is placed on the integrative and up-to-date overview of diagnostic modalities such as SNS imaging methods and novel laboratory biomarkers that could aid in the assessment of the degree of SNS activation and provide reliable prognostic information among patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Anđelo Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Working Group on Heart Failure of Croatian Cardiac Society, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Domenico D'Amario
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Universita Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Duska Glavas
- Working Group on Heart Failure of Croatian Cardiac Society, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
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22
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Wang Z, Li S, Wang R, Guo L, Xu D, Zhang T, Xu Y, Wang W, Wang M, Gan Z, Wang X. The protective effects of the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist BRL37344 against liver steatosis and inflammation in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mol Med 2020; 26:54. [PMID: 32503411 PMCID: PMC7275314 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist BRL37344 for the prevention of liver steatosis and inflammation associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Four groups were established: a control group (given a standard diet), a high-fat diet (HFD) group, an HFD + β3-AR agonist (β3-AGO) group, and an HFD + β3-AR antagonist (β3-ANT) group. All rats were fed for 12 weeks. The β3-AR agonist BRL37344 and the antagonist L748337 were administered for the last 4 weeks with Alzet micro-osmotic pumps. The rat body weights (g) were measured at the end of the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. At the end of the 12th week, the liver weights were measured. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed with a Hitachi automatic analyzer. The lipid levels of the triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) were also measured. An oil red O kit was used to detect lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes. Steatosis, ballooning degeneration and inflammation were histopathologically determined. The protein and mRNA expression levels of β3-AR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (mCPT-1), and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 were measured by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR, respectively. RESULTS After treatment with the β3-AR agonist BRL37344 for 4 weeks, the levels of ALT, AST, TGs, TC, LDL-C and FFAs were decreased in the NAFLD model group compared with the HFD group. Body and liver weights, liver index values and lipid droplet accumulation were lower in the HFD + β3-AGO group than in the HFD group. Decreased NAFLD activity scores (NASs) also showed that liver steatosis and inflammation were ameliorated after treatment with BRL37344. Moreover, the β3-AR antagonist L748337 reversed these effects. Additionally, the protein and gene expression levels of β3-AR, PPAR-α, and mCPT-1 were increased in the HFD + β3-AGO group, whereas those of PPAR-γ and FAT/CD36 were decreased. CONCLUSION The β3-AR agonist BRL37344 is beneficial for reducing liver fat accumulation and for ameliorating liver steatosis and inflammation in NAFLD. These effects may be associated with PPARs/mCPT-1 and FAT/CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Liansheng Guo
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Dan Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Tieyuan Zhang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Min Wang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Zhongwei Gan
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
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23
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Echeverría E, Cabrera M, Burghi V, Sosa M, Ripoll S, Yaneff A, Monczor F, Davio C, Shayo C, Fernández N. The Regulator of G Protein Signaling Homologous Domain of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Mediates Short-Term Desensitization of β3-Adrenergic Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:113. [PMID: 32153413 PMCID: PMC7047201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) are key regulators of GPCR signaling. Canonical mechanism of GPCR desensitization involves receptor phosphorylation by GRKs followed by arrestin recruitment and uncoupling from heterotrimeric G protein. Although β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) lacks phosphorylation sites by GRKs, agonist treatment proved to induce β3AR desensitization in many cell types. Here we show that GRK2 mediates short-term desensitization of β3AR by a phosphorylation independent mechanism but mediated by its domain homologous to the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS). HEK293T cells overexpressing human β3AR presented a short-term desensitization of cAMP response stimulated by the β3AR agonist, BRL37344, and not by forskolin. We found that β3AR desensitization was higher in cells co-transfected with GRK2. Similarly, overexpression of the RGS homology domain but not kinase domain of GRK2 increased β3AR desensitization. Consistently, stimulation of β3AR increased interaction between GRK2 and Gαs subunit. Furthermore, in rat cardiomyocytes endogenously expressing β3AR, transfection with dominant negative mutant of RH domain of GRK2 (GRK2/D110A) increased cAMP response to BRL37344 and inhibited receptor desensitization. We expect our study to be a starting point for more sophisticated characterization of the consequences of GRK2 mediated desensitization of the β3AR in heart function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana Echeverría
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia Cabrera
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Burghi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Máximo Sosa
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Ripoll
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Yaneff
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Monczor
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Davio
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Shayo
- Laboratorio de Patología y Farmacología Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Fernández
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Dubois-Deruy E, Gelinas R, Beauloye C, Esfahani H, Michel LYM, Dessy C, Bertrand L, Balligand JL. Beta 3 adrenoreceptors protect from hypertrophic remodelling through AMP-activated protein kinase and autophagy. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:920-932. [PMID: 32154661 PMCID: PMC7261558 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The abundance of beta 3‐adrenergic receptors (β3‐ARs) is upregulated in diseased human myocardium. We previously showed that cardiac‐specific expression of β3‐AR inhibits the hypertrophic response to neurohormonal stimulation. Here, we further analysed signalling pathways involved in the anti‐hypertrophic effect of β3‐AR. Methods and results In vitro hypertrophic responses to phenylephrine (PE) were analysed in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) infected with a recombinant adenovirus expressing the human β3‐AR (AdVhβ3). We confirmed results in mice with cardiomyocyte‐specific moderate expression of human β3‐AR (β3‐TG) and wild‐type (WT) littermates submitted to thoracic transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 9 weeks. We observed a colocalization of β3‐AR with the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) both in neonatal rat and in adult mouse cardiomyocytes. Treatment of NRVM with PE induced hypertrophy and a decrease in phosphorylation of Thr172‐AMPK (/2, P = 0.0487) and phosphorylation of Ser79‐acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) (/2.6, P = 0.0317), inducing an increase in phosphorylated Ser235/236 S6 protein (×2.5, P = 0.0367) known to be involved in protein synthesis. These effects were reproduced by TAC in WT mice but restored to basal levels in β3‐AR expressing cells/mice. siRNA targeting of AMPK partly abrogated the anti‐hypertrophic effect of β3‐AR in response to PE in NRVM. Concomitant with hypertrophy, autophagy was decreased by PE, as measured by microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)‐II/LC3‐I ratio (/2.6, P = 0.0010) and p62 abundance (×3, P = 0.0016) in NRVM or by TAC in WT mice (LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio: /5.4, P = 0.0159), but preserved in human β3‐AR expressing cells and mice, together with reduced hypertrophy. Conclusions Cardiac‐specific moderate expression of β3‐AR inhibits the hypertrophic response in part through AMPK activation followed by inhibition of protein synthesis and preservation of autophagy. Activation of the cardiac β3‐AR pathway may provide future therapeutic avenues for the modulation of hypertrophic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dubois-Deruy
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Roselle Gelinas
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Cardiovascular Pathology (CARD), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Cardiovascular Pathology (CARD), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hrag Esfahani
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Lauriane Y M Michel
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Cardiovascular Pathology (CARD), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
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25
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MacDonald EA, Rose RA, Quinn TA. Neurohumoral Control of Sinoatrial Node Activity and Heart Rate: Insight From Experimental Models and Findings From Humans. Front Physiol 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 32194439 PMCID: PMC7063087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial node is perhaps one of the most important tissues in the entire body: it is the natural pacemaker of the heart, making it responsible for initiating each-and-every normal heartbeat. As such, its activity is heavily controlled, allowing heart rate to rapidly adapt to changes in physiological demand. Control of sinoatrial node activity, however, is complex, occurring through the autonomic nervous system and various circulating and locally released factors. In this review we discuss the coupled-clock pacemaker system and how its manipulation by neurohumoral signaling alters heart rate, considering the multitude of canonical and non-canonical agents that are known to modulate sinoatrial node activity. For each, we discuss the principal receptors involved and known intracellular signaling and protein targets, highlighting gaps in our knowledge and understanding from experimental models and human studies that represent areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh A MacDonald
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robert A Rose
- Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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26
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Salie R, Alsalhin AKH, Marais E, Lochner A. Cardioprotective Effects of Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor (β3-AR) Pre-, Per-, and Post-treatment in Ischemia-Reperfusion. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 33:163-177. [PMID: 30729348 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The β3-AR (beta3-adrenergic receptor) is resistant to short-term agonist-promoted desensitization and delivers a constant intracellular signal, making this receptor a potential target in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). AIM To investigate whether selective modulation of β3-AR prior to or during ischemia and/or reperfusion may be cardioprotective. METHODS Isolated perfused rat hearts were exposed to 35-min regional ischemia (RI) and 60-min reperfusion. The β3-AR agonist (BRL37344, 1 μM) or antagonist (SR59230A, 0.1 μM) was applied: (i) before RI (PreT) or (ii) last 10 min of RI (PerT) or (iii) onset of reperfusion (PostT) or (iv) during both PerT+PostT. Nitric oxide (NO) involvement was assessed, using the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME (50 μM). Endpoints were functional recovery, infarct size (IS), cGMP levels, and Western blot analysis of eNOS, ERKp44/p42, PKB/Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). RESULTS Selective treatment with BRL significantly reduced IS. L-NAME abolished BRL-mediated cardioprotection. BRL (PreT) and BRL (PerT) significantly increased cGMP levels (which were reduced by L-NAME) and PKB/Akt phosphorylation. BRL (PostT) produced significantly increased cGMP levels, PKB/Akt, and ERKp44/p42 phosphorylation. BRL (PerT+PostT) caused significant eNOS, PKB/Akt, ERKp44/p42, and GSK-3β phosphorylation. CONCLUSION β3-AR activation by BRL37344 induced significant cardioprotection regardless of the experimental protocol. However, the pattern of intracellular signaling with each BRL treatment differed to some degree and suggests the involvement of cGMP, eNOS, ERK, GSK-3β, and particularly PKB/Akt activation. The data also suggest that clinical application of β3-AR stimulation should preferably be incorporated during late ischemia or/and early reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruduwaan Salie
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Building D, Medicina, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Medical Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Aisha Khlani Hassan Alsalhin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Medical Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erna Marais
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Medical Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amanda Lochner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Medical Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Saxton SN, Withers SB, Heagerty AM. Emerging Roles of Sympathetic Nerves and Inflammation in Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 33:245-259. [PMID: 30747398 PMCID: PMC6509065 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is no longer recognised as simply a structural support for the vasculature, and we now know that PVAT releases vasoactive factors which modulate vascular function. Since the discovery of this function in 1991, PVAT research is rapidly growing and the importance of PVAT function in disease is becoming increasingly clear. Obesity is associated with a plethora of vascular conditions; therefore, the study of adipocytes and their effects on the vasculature is vital. PVAT contains an adrenergic system including nerves, adrenoceptors and transporters. In obesity, the autonomic nervous system is dysfunctional; therefore, sympathetic innervation of PVAT may be the key mechanistic link between increased adiposity and vascular disease. In addition, not all obese people develop vascular disease, but a common feature amongst those that do appears to be the inflammatory cell population in PVAT. This review will discuss what is known about sympathetic innervation of PVAT, and the links between nerve activation and inflammation in obesity. In addition, we will examine the therapeutic potential of exercise in sympathetic stimulation of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility (3rd floor), 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK.
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility (3rd floor), 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK.,School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility (3rd floor), 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK
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28
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Babakr AA, Fomison-Nurse IC, van Hout I, Aitken-Buck HM, Sugunesegran R, Davis PJ, Bunton RW, Williams MJA, Coffey S, Stiles MK, Jones PP, Lamberts RR. Acute interaction between human epicardial adipose tissue and human atrial myocardium induces arrhythmic susceptibility. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E164-E172. [PMID: 31821041 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00374.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) deposition has a strong clinical association with atrial arrhythmias; however, whether a direct functional interaction exists between EAT and the myocardium to induce atrial arrhythmias is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether human EAT can be an acute trigger for arrhythmias in human atrial myocardium. Human trabeculae were obtained from right atrial appendages of patients who have had cardiac surgery (n = 89). The propensity of spontaneous contractions (SCs) in the trabeculae (proxy for arrhythmias) was determined under physiological conditions and during known triggers of SCs (high Ca2+, β-adrenergic stimulation). To determine whether EAT could trigger SCs, trabeculae were exposed to superfusate of fresh human EAT, and medium of 24 h-cultured human EAT treated with β1/2 (isoproterenol) or β3 (BRL37344) adrenergic agonists. Without exposure to EAT, high Ca2+ and β1/2-adrenergic stimulation acutely triggered SCs in, respectively, 47% and 55% of the trabeculae that previously were not spontaneously active. Acute β3-adrenergic stimulation did not trigger SCs. Exposure of trabeculae to either superfusate of fresh human EAT or untreated medium of 24 h-cultured human EAT did not induce SCs; however, specific β3-adrenergic stimulation of EAT did trigger SCs in the trabeculae, either when applied to fresh (31%) or cultured (50%) EAT. Additionally, fresh EAT increased trabecular contraction and relaxation, whereas media of cultured EAT only increased function when treated with the β3-adrenergic agonist. An acute functional interaction between human EAT and human atrial myocardium exists that increases the propensity for atrial arrhythmias, which depends on β3-adrenergic rather than β1/2-adrenergic stimulation of EAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram A Babakr
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ingrid C Fomison-Nurse
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle van Hout
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hamish M Aitken-Buck
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ramanen Sugunesegran
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philip J Davis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard W Bunton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael J A Williams
- Department of Medicine, HeartOtago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sean Coffey
- Department of Medicine, HeartOtago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Martin K Stiles
- Department of Cardiology, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Waikato Clinical School, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Peter P Jones
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Regis R Lamberts
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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29
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Sun J, Cheng J, Ding X, Chi J, Yang J, Li W. β3 adrenergic receptor antagonist SR59230A exerts beneficial effects on right ventricular performance in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:489-498. [PMID: 31853320 PMCID: PMC6909721 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with a high mortality rate. Previous studies have revealed the important function of the β3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) in cardiovascular diseases, and the potential beneficial effects of numerous β3-AR agonists on pulmonary vasodilation. Conversely, a number of studies have proposed that the antagonism of β3-AR may prevent heart failure. The present study aimed to investigate the functional involvement of β3-AR and the effects of the β3-AR antagonist, SR59230A, in PAH and subsequent heart failure. A rat PAH model was established by the subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT), and the rats were randomly assigned to groups receiving four weeks of SR59230A treatment or the vehicle control. SR59230A treatment significantly improved right ventricular function in PAH in vivo compared with the vehicle control (P<0.001). Additionally, the expression level of β3-AR was significantly upregulated in the lung and heart tissues of PAH rats compared with the sham group (P<0.01), and SR59230A treatment inhibited this increase in the lung (P<0.05), but not the heart. Specifically, SR59230A suppressed the elevated expression of endothelial nitric oxide and alleviated inflammatory infiltration to the lung under PAH conditions. These results are, to the best of our knowledge, the first to reveal that SR59230A exerts beneficial effects on right ventricular performance in rats with MCT-induced PAH. Furthermore, blocking β3-AR with SR59230A may alleviate the structural changes and inflammatory infiltration to the lung as a result of reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jiemei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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30
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Spotlight on ROS and β3-Adrenoreceptors Fighting in Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6346529. [PMID: 31934266 PMCID: PMC6942895 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6346529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of ROS and RNS is a long-standing debate in cancer. Increasing the concentration of ROS reaching the toxic threshold can be an effective strategy for the reduction of tumor cell viability. On the other hand, cancer cells, by maintaining intracellular ROS concentration at an intermediate level called “mild oxidative stress,” promote the activation of signaling that favors tumor progression by increasing cell viability and dangerous tumor phenotype. Many chemotherapeutic treatments induce cell death by rising intracellular ROS concentration. The persistent drug stimulation leads tumor cells to simulate a process called hormesis by which cancer cells exhibit a biphasic response to exposure to drugs used. After a first strong response to a low dose of chemotherapeutic agent, cancer cells start to decrease the response even if high doses of drugs were used. In this framework, β3-adrenoreceptors (β3-ARs) fit with an emerging antioxidant role in cancer. β3-ARs are involved in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune tolerance. Its inhibition, by the selective β3-ARs antagonist (SR59230A), leads cancer cells to increase ROS concentration thus inducing cell death and to decrease NO levels thus inhibiting angiogenesis. In this review, we report an overview on reactive oxygen biology in cancer cells focusing on β3-ARs as new players in the antioxidant pathway.
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Cooper IR, Just TP, DeLorey DS. β-Adrenoreceptors do not oppose sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle of male rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1230-1236. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) vasoconstriction is primarily achieved through the binding of norepinephrine (NE) to α-adrenoreceptors. However, NE may also bind to β-adrenoreceptors and cause vasodilation that may oppose/blunt SNS-mediated vasoconstriction. Therefore, this study investigated the hypothesis that β-adrenoreceptor–mediated vasodilation opposes evoked vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle. Male (n = 9) Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized and surgically instrumented for stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain and measurement of arterial blood pressure and femoral artery blood flow. The percentage change of femoral vascular conductance in response to sympathetic chain stimulation delivered at 2 and 5 Hz was determined at rest and during triceps surae skeletal muscle contraction before (control) and after β-adrenoreceptor blockade (propranolol; 0.075 mg·kg−1, intravenously). β-Adrenoreceptor blockade did not alter (P > 0.05) baseline hemodynamics or the hyperemic response to exercise. At the 2 Hz stimulation frequency, sympathetic vasoconstriction was similar (P > 0.05) in control and β-blockade conditions in resting (control, −34% ± 6%; β-blockade, −33% ± 8%) and contracting (control, −16% ± 6%; β-blockade, −14% ± 7%) muscle. At the 5 Hz stimulation frequency, sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness was reduced (main effect of drug, P < 0.05) following β-blockade (rest: control, −52% ± 7%; β-blockade, −51% ± 9%; contraction: control, −32% ± 11%; β-blockade, −29% ± 13%). Novelty These data indicate that β-adrenoreceptor blockade did not augment sympathetic vasoconstriction at rest or during exercise. The study demonstrates that β-adrenoreceptors do not oppose evoked sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting or contracting skeletal muscle or contribute to functional sympatholysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Cooper
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Timothy P. Just
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Darren S. DeLorey
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
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32
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Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1701-1763. [PMID: 31339053 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk. Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of adverse effects, and a key factor in the disease process appears to be the inflammatory cell population in adipose tissue. Healthy adipose tissue secretes a number of vasoactive adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and changes to this secretory profile will contribute to pathogenesis in obesity. In this review, we discuss the links between adipokine dysregulation and the development of hypertension and diabetes and explore the potential for manipulating adipose tissue morphology and its immune cell population to improve cardiovascular health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical cellular sensors that mediate numerous physiological processes. In the heart, multiple GPCRs are expressed on various cell types, where they coordinate to regulate cardiac function by modulating critical processes such as contractility and blood flow. Under pathological settings, these receptors undergo aberrant changes in expression levels, localization and capacity to couple to downstream signalling pathways. Conventional therapies for heart failure work by targeting GPCRs, such as β-adrenergic receptor and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Although these treatments have improved patient survival, heart failure remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. GPCR kinases (GRKs) are responsible for GPCR phosphorylation and, therefore, desensitization and downregulation of GPCRs. In this Review, we discuss the GPCR signalling pathways and the GRKs involved in the pathophysiology of heart disease. Given that increased expression and activity of GRK2 and GRK5 contribute to the loss of contractile reserve in the stressed and failing heart, inhibition of overactive GRKs has been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to treat heart failure.
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Everything You Always Wanted to Know about β 3-AR * (* But Were Afraid to Ask). Cells 2019; 8:cells8040357. [PMID: 30995798 PMCID: PMC6523418 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) is by far the least studied isotype of the beta-adrenergic sub-family. Despite its study being long hampered by the lack of suitable animal and cellular models and inter-species differences, a substantial body of literature on the subject has built up in the last three decades and the physiology of β3-AR is unraveling quickly. As will become evident in this work, β3-AR is emerging as an appealing target for novel pharmacological approaches in several clinical areas involving metabolic, cardiovascular, urinary, and ocular disease. In this review, we will discuss the most recent advances regarding β3-AR signaling and function and summarize how these findings translate, or may do so, into current clinical practice highlighting β3-AR’s great potential as a novel therapeutic target in a wide range of human conditions.
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Tuncay E, Olgar Y, Durak A, Degirmenci S, Bitirim CV, Turan B. β 3 -adrenergic receptor activation plays an important role in the depressed myocardial contractility via both elevated levels of cellular free Zn 2+ and reactive nitrogen species. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13370-13386. [PMID: 30613975 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Role of β3 -AR dysregulation, as either cardio-conserving or cardio-disrupting mediator, remains unknown yet. Therefore, we examined the molecular mechanism of β3 -AR activation in depressed myocardial contractility using a specific agonist CL316243 or using β3 -AR overexpressed cardiomyocytes. Since it has been previously shown a possible correlation between increased cellular free Zn2+ ([Zn2+ ]i ) and depressed cardiac contractility, we first demonstrated a relation between β3 -AR activation and increased [Zn2+ ]i , parallel to the significant depolarization in mitochondrial membrane potential in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the increased [Zn2+ ]i induced a significant increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) level of β3 -AR in cardiomyocytes. Either β3 -AR activation or its overexpression could increase cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels, in line with significant changes in nitric oxide (NO)-pathway, including increases in the ratios of pNOS3/NOS3 and pGSK-3β/GSK-3β, and PKG expression level in cardiomyocytes. Although β3 -AR activation induced depression in both Na+ - and Ca2+ -currents, the prolonged action potential (AP) seems to be associated with a marked depression in K+ -currents. The β3 -AR activation caused a negative inotropic effect on the mechanical activity of the heart, through affecting the cellular Ca2+ -handling, including its effect on Ca2+ -leakage from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Our cellular level data with β3 -AR agonism were supported with the data on high [Zn2+ ]i and β3 -AR protein-level in metabolic syndrome (MetS)-rat heart. Overall, our present data can emphasize the important deleterious effect of β3 -AR activation in cardiac remodeling under pathological condition, at least, through a cross-link between β3 -AR activation, NO-signaling, and [Zn2+ ]i pathways. Moreover, it is interesting to note that the recovery in ER-stress markers with β3 -AR agonism in hyperglycemic cardiomyocytes is favored. Therefore, how long and to which level the β3 -AR agonism would be friend or become foe remains to be mystery, yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Degirmenci
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Dal Monte M, Calvani M, Cammalleri M, Favre C, Filippi L, Bagnoli P. β-Adrenoceptors as drug targets in melanoma: novel preclinical evidence for a role of β 3 -adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:2496-2508. [PMID: 30471093 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress plays a role in tumourigenesis through catecholamines acting at β-adrenoceptors including β1 -, β2 - and β3 -adrenoceptors, and the use of β-adrenoceptor antagonists seems to counteract tumour growth and progression. Preclinical evidence and meta-analysis data demonstrate that melanoma shows a positive response to β-adrenoceptor blockers and in particular to propranolol acting mainly at β1 - and β2 -adrenoceptors. Although evidence suggesting that β3 -adrenoceptors may play a role as a therapeutic target in infantile haemangiomas has been recently reviewed, a comprehensive analysis of the data available from preclinical studies supporting a possible role of β3 -adrenoceptors in melanoma was not available. Here, we review data from the literature demonstrating that propranolol may be effective at counteracting melanoma growth, and we provide preclinical evidence that β3 -adrenoceptors may also play a role in the pathophysiology of melanoma, thus opening the door for further clinical assays trying to explore β3 -adrenoceptor blockers as novel alternatives for its treatment. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors-New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maura Calvani
- Onco-hematology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Favre
- Onco-hematology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Filippi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Surgical Fetal-Neonatal Department, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Yang H, Cai D, Zhu Q, Wu D, Wang Q, Wang Z. The mutation of Trp64Arg in β3-adrenoreceptor-encoding gene is significantly associated with increased hypertension risk and elevated blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46480-46490. [PMID: 28404887 PMCID: PMC5542283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis was implemented to test the association of a missense mutation, Trp64Arg, in β3-adrenoreceptor-encoding gene (ADRB3) with both hypertension risk and blood pressure (BP) changes. A systematic search of three publicly-available databases was launched to look for articles published as of December 2016. Qualification appraisal and data extraction were independently done by two researchers. Pooled estimates were expressed as odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). There were separately 21 (3750/4225 patients/controls) and 17 (6100 subjects) individual studies for hypertension risk and BP changes. Integral analyses revealed that Trp64Arg mutation was associated with the significantly increased risk of hypertension, and particularly, the 64Trp/64Arg heterozygote carriers were 1.23-times more likely to develop hypertension compared with the 64Trp/64Trp homozygote carriers (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02∼1.46, P = 0.021). Publication bias was extremely low for all integral comparisons. In stratified analyses, significance was spotted in populations of Chinese descent, in retrospective studies, in hospital-based studies, in age-matched case-control studies, in studies enrolling patients with mean body mass index < 25 kg/m2 and in studies with total sample size ≥ 240. Heterogeneity was improved for most stratified comparisons. Further in hypertensive patients, the 64Trp/64Arg heterozygote carriers had significantly higher systolic (WMD = 0.87 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.39∼1.35, P < 0.001) and diastolic (WMD = 0.88 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.59∼1.17, P < 0.001) BP than 64Trp/64Trp homozygote carriers. Altogether, ADRB3 gene Trp64Arg mutation was significantly associated with an increased predisposition toward hypertension and elevated systolic/diastolic BP in hypertensive patients, suggesting that Trp64Arg is an important hypertension-susceptibility marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongmiao Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingping Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dongjin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingxiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Wu QQ, Xiao Y, Duan MX, Yuan Y, Jiang XH, Yang Z, Liao HH, Deng W, Tang QZ. Aucubin protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac remodelling via the β 3 -adrenoceptor-neuronal NOS cascades. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1548-1566. [PMID: 29447430 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aucubin, the predominant component of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., has been shown to have profound effects on oxidative stress. As oxidative stress has previously been demonstrated to contribute to acute and chronic myocardial injury, we tested the effects of aucubin on cardiac remodelling and heart failure. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Initially, H9c2 cardiomyocytes and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with aucubin (1, 3, 10, 25 and 50 μM) were challenged with phenylephrine. Secondly, the transverse aorta was constricted in C57/B6 and neuronal NOS (nNOS)-knockout mice, then aucubin (1 or 5 mg·kg-1 body weight day-1 ) was injected i.p. for 25 days. Hypertrophy was evaluated by assessing morphological changes, echocardiographic parameters, histological analyses and hypertrophic markers. Oxidative stress was evaluated by examining ROS generation, oxidase activity and NO generation. NOS expression was determined by Western blotting. KEY RESULTS Aucubin effectively suppressed cardiac remodelling; in mice, aucubin substantially inhibited pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation, whereas knocking out nNOS abolished these cardioprotective effects of aucubin. Blocking or knocking down the β3 -adrenoceptor abolished the protective effects of aucubin in vitro. Furthermore, aucubin enhanced the protective effects of a β3 -adrenoceptor agonist in vitro by increasing cellular cAMP levels, whereas treatment with an adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitor abolished the cardioprotective effects of aucubin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Aucubin suppresses oxidative stress during cardiac remodelling by increasing the expression of nNOS in a process that requires activation of the β3 -adrenoceptor/AC/cAMP pathway. These findings suggest that aucubin could have potential as a treatment for cardiac remodelling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Xia Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Han Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Han Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Cardiac diseases, such as heart failure, remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with myocardial infarction as the most common etiology. HF is characterized by β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) dysregulation that is primarily due to the upregulation of G protein–coupled receptor kinases that leads to overdesensitization of β1 and β2ARs, and this clinically manifests as a loss of inotropic reserve. Interestingly, the “minor” βAR isoform, the β3AR, found in the heart, lacks G protein–coupled receptor kinases recognition sites, and is not subject to desensitization, and as a consequence of this, in human failing myocardium, the levels of this receptor remain unchanged or are even increased. In different preclinical studies, it has been shown that β3ARs can activate different signaling pathways that can protect the heart. The clinical relevance of this is also supported by the effects of β-blockers which are well known for their proangiogenic and cardioprotective effects, and data are emerging showing that these are mediated, at least in part, by enhancement of β3AR activity. In this regard, targeting of β3ARs could represent a novel potential strategy to improve cardiac metabolism, function, and remodeling.
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40
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Gao XQ, Li YF, Jiang ZL. β 3-Adrenoceptor activation upregulates apolipoprotein A-I expression in HepG2 cells, which might further promote cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:617-627. [PMID: 28424539 PMCID: PMC5344441 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s130088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) activation on HepG2 cells and its influence on cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells. Materials and methods HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with the β3-AR agonist, BRL37344, and antagonist, SR52390A, and the expression of apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, ApoA-II, ApoB, and β3-AR in the supernatants and cells was determined. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and PPARα in the HepG2 cells was also assessed. Next, using the RAW264.7 macrophage foam cell model, we also assessed the influence of the HepG2 cell supernatants on lipid efflux. The cholesterol content of the foam cells was also measured, and the cholesterol efflux from the macrophages was examined by determining 3H-labeled cholesterol levels. Expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and ABCG1 of the macrophage foam cells was also assessed. Results β3-AR activation increased ApoA-I expression in both the HepG2 cells and the supernatants; PPARγ expression was upregulated, but PPARα expression was not. Treatment with GW9662 abolished the increased expression of ApoA-I induced by the β3-AR agonist. The HepG2 cell supernatants decreased the lipid accumulation and increased the cholesterol efflux from the macrophage foam cells. ABCA1 expression, but not ABCG1 expression, increased in the macrophage foam cells treated with BRL37344-treated HepG2 cell supernatants. Conclusion Activation of β3-AR in HepG2 cells upregulates ApoA-I expression, which might further promote cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells. PPARγ might be required for the induction of ApoA-I expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Qing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Li Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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41
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Barr LA, Lambert JP, Shimizu Y, Barouch LA, Naqvi N, Calvert JW. Exercise training provides cardioprotection by activating and coupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase via a β 3-adrenergic receptor-AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Med Gas Res 2017; 7:1-8. [PMID: 28480026 PMCID: PMC5402342 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.202904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training confers sustainable protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the mechanism by which this process occurs is not fully understood. Previously, it was shown that β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs) play a critical role in regulating the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in response to exercise and play a critical role in exercise-mediated cardioprotection. Intriguingly, a deficiency in β3-ARs led to increased myocardial injury following exercise training. The purpose of the current study was to determine mechanisms by which β3-ARs are linked to eNOS activation and to determine the mechanism responsible for the exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury displayed by β3-AR deficient (β3-AR KO) mice after exercise training. Wild-type (n = 37) and β3-AR KO (n = 40) mice were subjected to voluntary wheel running for 4 weeks. Western blot analysis revealed that neither protein kinase B nor protein kinase A linked β3-ARs to eNOS following exercise training. However, analysis revealed a role for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Specifically, exercise training increased the phosphorylation of AMPK in the hearts of wild-type mice, but failed to do so in the hearts of β3-AR KO mice. Additional studies revealed that exercise training rendered eNOS less coupled and increased NOS-dependent superoxide levels in β3-AR KO mice. Finally, supplementing β3-AR KO mice with the eNOS coupler, tetrahydrobiopterin, during the final week of exercise training reduced myocardial infarction. These findings provide important information that exercise training protects the heart in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating and coupling eNOS via the stimulation of a β3-AR-AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A Barr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuuki Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lili A Barouch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nawazish Naqvi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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42
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Abstract
While crucial for the acute physiologic response to stress, the adrenergic system may become maladaptive upon prolonged stimulation in the course of development of heart failure. This has been the basis for the development of beta-blocking therapies, targeting mainly beta1-2 adrenoreceptors (B1-2AR). The third isotype, B3AR, was more recently identified in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells from human (and many other animal species), where its distinctive coupling to nitric oxide and antioxidant pathways suggested potential protective properties that were unexploited so far. The observation of beneficial effects of B3AR expression/activation on myocardial remodeling and the availability of specific agonists for clinical use now open the way for directly testing the hypothesis in heart failure patients. We will briefly review the specificities of B3AR signaling in the context of the cardiovascular adrenergic system, the evidence supporting its beneficial effects and outline an ongoing clinical trial using the B3AR agonist, mirabegron in patients with/at risk of developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Y M Michel
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 10 Ave. Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Kallner HK, Christensson AA, Elmér C, Flam B, Altman D. Safety and efficacy of mirabegron in daily clinical practice: a prospective observational study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 203:167-72. [PMID: 27318184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine risks associated with prescribing mirabegron, the first-in-class β3-adrenoreceptor agonist, to non-selected female patients with overactive bladder. STUDY DESIGN Routine female patients seeking treatment for overactive bladder (n=221) in a urology/gynecology outpatient clinic. Data on adverse events, cardiovascular outcomes, condition specific symptoms and drug discontinuation was collected at two months follow-up (FU). Non-parametric statistics was used as appropriate. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcome association analyses using logistic regression. RESULTS 16 patients (7.2%) discontinued treatment because of side effects. There were no significant associations between cardiovascular adverse events and pre-existing cardiovascular disease (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.3-2.6), or pre-existing ECG abnormalities (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.3-16.3). At FU ECGs there were no de novo cases of tachyarrhythmias and no significant difference in mean QTc between baseline (403ms, SD 21.7) and the 2 months follow-up ECG (403ms, SD 20.3) (p=0.75). There was a significant decrease in the mean systolic blood pressure (p=0.03) but no significant change in mean diastolic pressure (p=0.8) or heart rates (p=0.2) from baseline to FU. Overactive bladder specific symptoms and quality of life improved significantly (p<0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Mirabegron treatment is associated with a satisfactory cardiovascular safety profile, as well as, significant symptomatic improvement also in a heterogeneous population of non-selected women with overactive bladder presenting in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kopp Kallner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Caroline Elmér
- Stockholm Urogynecological Clinic, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Flam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Services and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Altman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Urogynecological Clinic, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
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Procino G, Carmosino M, Milano S, Dal Monte M, Schena G, Mastrodonato M, Gerbino A, Bagnoli P, Svelto M. β3 adrenergic receptor in the kidney may be a new player in sympathetic regulation of renal function. Kidney Int 2016; 90:555-67. [PMID: 27206969 PMCID: PMC4996630 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, the study of the sympathetic regulation of renal function has been restricted to the important contribution of β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs). Here we investigate the expression and the possible physiologic role of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) in mouse kidney. The β3-AR is expressed in most of the nephron segments that also express the type 2 vasopressin receptor (AVPR2), including the thick ascending limb and the cortical and outer medullary collecting duct. Ex vivo experiments in mouse kidney tubules showed that β3-AR stimulation with the selective agonist BRL37344 increased intracellular cAMP levels and promoted 2 key processes in the urine concentrating mechanism. These are accumulation of the water channel aquaporin 2 at the apical plasma membrane in the collecting duct and activation of the Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb. Both effects were prevented by the β3-AR antagonist L748,337 or by the protein kinase A inhibitor H89. Interestingly, genetic inactivation of β3-AR in mice was associated with significantly increased urine excretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Stimulation of β3-AR significantly reduced urine excretion of water and the same electrolytes. Moreover, BRL37344 promoted a potent antidiuretic effect in AVPR2-null mice. Thus, our findings are of potential physiologic importance as they uncover the antidiuretic effect of β3-AR stimulation in the kidney. Hence, β3-AR agonism might be useful to bypass AVPR2-inactivating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Serena Milano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Schena
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Bari, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Rome, Italy
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45
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Hullmann J, Traynham CJ, Coleman RC, Koch WJ. The expanding GRK interactome: Implications in cardiovascular disease and potential for therapeutic development. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:52-64. [PMID: 27180008 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global epidemic with the highest degree of mortality and morbidity of any disease presently studied. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are prominent regulators of cardiovascular function. Activated GPCRs are "turned off" by GPCR kinases (GRKs) in a process known as "desensitization". GRKs 2 and 5 are highly expressed in the heart, and known to be upregulated in HF. Over the last 20 years, both GRK2 and GRK5 have been demonstrated to be critical mediators of the molecular alterations that occur in the failing heart. In the present review, we will highlight recent findings that further characterize "non-canonical" GRK signaling observed in HF. Further, we will also present potential therapeutic strategies (i.e. small molecule inhibition, microRNAs, gene therapy) that may have potential in combating the deleterious effects of GRKs in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J Traynham
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Ryan C Coleman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Balligand JL. Cardiac salvage by tweaking with beta-3-adrenergic receptors. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:128-33. [PMID: 27001422 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overstimulation of the orthosympathetic system leads to cardiovascular cell and tissue damage through prolonged activation of β-1-2 adrenergic receptors (BARs). The more recent identification of the third isotype of BAR (B3AR) in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells with a distinctive coupling and effect on cardiac function and remodelling introduced a new facet to this paradigm. In particular, B3AR is up-regulated in cardiac disease and less prone to homologous desensitization, which may reinforce its influence on the diseased myocardium. Mice with transgenic cardiac-specific expression of the human B3AR are protected from cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in response to neurohormonal stimulation. B3AR has also been implicated in cardiac protection after ischaemia-reperfusion and the benefits of exercise on the heart. Many of these salvage mechanisms are mediated by B3AR coupling to nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and nNOS) and downstream cGMP/protein kinase G signalling. Notably, B3AR exerts antioxidant protective effects on these and other signalling elements, which may subserve its protective properties in the setting of chronic heart failure. Additional vasorelaxing properties and paracrine NO-mediated signalling by B3AR in endothelium, together with systemic metabolic effects on beige/brown fat complete the pleiotropic protective properties of this new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), and Department of Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 avenue Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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47
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Oliveira ES, Pereira AH, Cardoso AC, Franchini KG, Bassani JW, Bassani RA. Atrial chronotropic reactivity to catecholamines in neonatal rats: Contribution of β-adrenoceptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:385-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic angina is a common manifestation of ischaemic heart disease. Medical treatments are the mainstay approach to reduce the occurrence of angina and improve patients' quality of life. This Series paper focuses on commonly used standard treatments (eg, nitrates, β blockers, and calcium-channel blockers), emerging anti-angina treatments (which are not available in all parts of the world), and experimental treatments. Although many emerging treatments are available, evidence is scarce about their ability to reduce angina and ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen E Husted
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Unit West, Herning, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E Magnus Ohman
- The Program for Advanced Coronary Disease, Division of Cardiology, Duke University and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
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Reho JJ, Shetty A, Dippold RP, Mahurkar A, Fisher SA. Unique gene program of rat small resistance mesenteric arteries as revealed by deep RNA sequencing. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/7/e12450. [PMID: 26156969 PMCID: PMC4552530 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep sequencing of RNA samples from rat small mesenteric arteries (MA) and aorta (AO) identified common and unique features of their gene programs. ∼5% of mRNAs were quantitatively differentially expressed in MA versus AO. Unique transcriptional control in MA smooth muscle is suggested by the selective or enriched expression of transcription factors Nkx2-3, HAND2, and Tcf21 (Capsulin). Enrichment in AO of PPAR transcription factors and their target genes of mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation is consistent with slow (oxidative) tonic smooth muscle. In contrast MA was enriched in contractile and calcium channel mRNAs suggestive of components of fast (glycolytic) phasic smooth muscle. Myosin phosphatase regulatory subunit paralogs Mypt1 and p85 were expressed at similar levels, while smooth muscle MLCK was the only such kinase expressed, suggesting functional redundancy of the former but not the latter in accordance with mouse knockout studies. With regard to vaso-regulatory signals, purinergic receptors P2rx1 and P2rx5 were reciprocally expressed in MA versus AO, while the olfactory receptor Olr59 was enriched in MA. Alox15, which generates the EDHF HPETE, was enriched in MA while eNOS was equally expressed, consistent with the greater role of EDHF in the smaller arteries. mRNAs that were not expressed at a level consistent with impugned function include skeletal myogenic factors, IKK2, nonmuscle myosin, and Gnb3. This screening analysis of gene expression in the small mesenteric resistance arteries suggests testable hypotheses regarding unique aspects of small artery function in the regional control of blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Reho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Amol Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Rachael P Dippold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Anup Mahurkar
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Steven A Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
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50
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Imbrogno S, Gattuso A, Mazza R, Angelone T, Cerra MC. β3 -AR and the vertebrate heart: a comparative view. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:158-75. [PMID: 25809182 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent cardiovascular research showed that, together with β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs), β3-ARs contribute to the catecholamine (CA)-dependent control of the heart. β3-ARs structure, function and ligands were investigated in mammals because of their applicative potential in human cardiovascular diseases. Only recently, the concept of a β3-AR-dependent cardiac modulation was extended to non-mammalian vertebrates, although information is still scarce and fragmentary. β3-ARs were structurally described in fish, showing a closer relationship to mammalian β1-AR than β2-AR. Functional β3-ARs are present in the cardiac tissue of teleosts and amphibians. As in mammals, activation of these receptors elicits a negative modulation of the inotropic performance through the involvement of the endothelium endocardium (EE), Gi/0 proteins and the nitric oxide (NO) signalling. This review aims to comparatively analyse data from literature on β3-ARs in mammals, with those on teleosts and amphibians. The purpose is to highlight aspects of uniformity and diversity of β3-ARs structure, ligands activity, function and signalling cascades throughout vertebrates. This may provide new perspectives aimed to clarify the biological relevance of β3-ARs in the context of the nervous and humoral control of the heart and its functional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Imbrogno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - A. Gattuso
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - R. Mazza
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - T. Angelone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Arcavacata di Rende Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research; Bologna Italy
| | - M. C. Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Arcavacata di Rende Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research; Bologna Italy
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