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Gumede DB, Abrahamse H, Houreld NN. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its interplay with TGF-β and Notch signaling pathways for the treatment of chronic wounds. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:244. [PMID: 38671406 PMCID: PMC11046856 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a tightly regulated process that ensures tissue repair and normal function following injury. It is modulated by activation of pathways such as the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Dysregulation of this process causes poor wound healing, which leads to tissue fibrosis and ulcerative wounds. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in all phases of wound healing, primarily in the proliferative phase for formation of granulation tissue. This review focuses on the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in wound healing, and its transcriptional regulation of target genes. The crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and the TGF-β signaling pathways, as well as the deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chronic wounds are also considered, with a special focus on diabetic ulcers. Lastly, we discuss current and prospective therapies for chronic wounds, with a primary focus on strategies that target the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway such as photobiomodulation for healing diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimakatso B Gumede
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Nicolette N Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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2
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Gaba S, Jain U. Advanced biosensors for nanomaterial-based detection of transforming growth factor alpha and beta, a class of major polypeptide regulators. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128622. [PMID: 38065462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factors (TGFs) regulate several cellular processes including, differentiation, growth, migration, extracellular matrix production, and apoptosis. TGF alpha (TGF-α) is a heterogeneous molecule containing 160 amino acid residues. It is a potent angiogenesis promoter that is activated by JAK-STAT signaling. Whereas TGF beta (TGF-β) consists of 390-412 amino acids. Smad and non-Smad signaling both occur in TGF beta. It is linked to immune cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation. It also triggers pre-apoptotic responses and inhibits cell proliferation. Both growth factors have a promising role in the development and homeostasis of tissues. Defects such as autoimmune diseases and cancer develop mechanisms to modulate checkpoints of the immune system resulting in altered growth factors profile. An accurate amount of these growth factors is essential for normal functioning, but an exceed or fall behind the normal level is alarming as it is linked to several disorders. This demands techniques for TGF-α and TGF-β profiling to effectively diagnose diseases, monitor their progression, and assess the efficacy of immunotherapeutic drugs. Quantitative detection techniques including the emergence of biosensing technology seem to accomplish the purpose. Until the present time, few biosensors have been designed in the context of TGF-α and TGF-β for disease detection, analyzing receptor binding, and interaction with carriers. In this paper, we have reviewed the physiology of transforming growth factor alpha and beta, including the types, structure, function, latent/active forms, signaling, and defects caused. It involves the description of biosensors on TGF-α and TGF-β, advances in technology, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Gaba
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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3
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Ward NA, Hanley S, Tarpey R, Schreiber LHJ, O'Dwyer J, Roche ET, Duffy GP, Dolan EB. Intermittent actuation attenuates fibrotic behaviour of myofibroblasts. Acta Biomater 2024; 173:80-92. [PMID: 37967693 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The foreign body response (FBR) to implanted materials culminates in the deposition of a hypo-permeable, collagen rich fibrotic capsule by myofibroblast cells at the implant site. The fibrotic capsule can be deleterious to the function of some medical implants as it can isolate the implant from the host environment. Modulation of fibrotic capsule formation has been achieved using intermittent actuation of drug delivery implants, however the mechanisms underlying this response are not well understood. Here, we use analytical, computational, and in vitro models to understand the response of human myofibroblasts (WPMY-1 stromal cell line) to intermittent actuation using soft robotics and investigate how actuation can alter the secretion of collagen and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines by these cells. Our findings suggest that there is a mechanical loading threshold that can modulate the fibrotic behaviour of myofibroblasts, by reducing the secretion of soluble collagen, transforming growth factor beta-1 and interleukin 1-beta, and upregulating the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. By improving our understanding of how cells involved in the FBR respond to mechanical actuation, we can harness this technology to improve functional outcomes for a wide range of implanted medical device applications including drug delivery and cell encapsulation platforms. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A major barrier to the successful clinical translation of many implantable medical devices is the foreign body response (FBR) and resultant deposition of a hypo-permeable fibrotic capsule (FC) around the implant. Perturbation of the implant site using intermittent actuation (IA) of soft-robotic implants has previously been shown to modulate the FBR and reduce FC thickness. However, the mechanisms of action underlying this response were largely unknown. Here, we investigate how IA can alter the activity of myofibroblast cells, and ultimately suggest that there is a mechanical loading threshold within which their fibrotic behaviour can be modulated. These findings can be harnessed to improve functional outcomes for a wide range of medical implants, particularly drug delivery and cell encapsulation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh A Ward
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shirley Hanley
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ruth Tarpey
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lucien H J Schreiber
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joanne O'Dwyer
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ellen T Roche
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eimear B Dolan
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Burioli EAV, Hammel M, Vignal E, Vidal-Dupiol J, Mitta G, Thomas F, Bierne N, Destoumieux-Garzón D, Charrière GM. Transcriptomics of mussel transmissible cancer MtrBTN2 suggests accumulation of multiple cancer traits and oncogenic pathways shared among bilaterians. Open Biol 2023; 13:230259. [PMID: 37816387 PMCID: PMC10564563 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible cancer cell lines are rare biological entities giving rise to diseases at the crossroads of cancer and parasitic diseases. These malignant cells have acquired the amazing capacity to spread from host to host. They have been described only in dogs, Tasmanian devils and marine bivalves. The Mytilus trossulus bivalve transmissible neoplasia 2 (MtrBTN2) lineage has even acquired the capacity to spread inter-specifically between marine mussels of the Mytilus edulis complex worldwide. To identify the oncogenic processes underpinning the biology of these atypical cancers we performed transcriptomics of MtrBTN2 cells. Differential expression, enrichment, protein-protein interaction network, and targeted analyses were used. Overall, our results suggest the accumulation of multiple cancerous traits that may be linked to the long-term evolution of MtrBTN2. We also highlight that vertebrate and lophotrochozoan cancers could share a large panel of common drivers, which supports the hypothesis of an ancient origin of oncogenic processes in bilaterians.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A V Burioli
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - M Hammel
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - E Vignal
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - J Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - G Mitta
- IFREMER, UMR 241 Écosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, Tahiti, Polynésie française
| | - F Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N Bierne
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - D Destoumieux-Garzón
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - G M Charrière
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
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Hussein MM, Sayed RKA, Mokhtar DM. Structural and immunohistochemical analysis of the cellular compositions of the liver of molly fish (Poecilia sphenops), focusing on its immune role. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2023; 9:1. [PMID: 36604695 PMCID: PMC9814241 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-022-00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The liver of fish is considered an ideal model for studying the collaboration between environmental agents and the health state of the fish, where it gives good indications about aquatic ecosystem status. Therefore, this study presented immune roles for the liver in molly fish (Poecilia sphenops), using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hepatocytes' sinusoidal structures of molly fish livers had taken two different forms; cord-like and tubular, while the biliary tract system showed two different types: isolated and biliary venous tract. The TEM showed that the hepatocytes possessed well-developed cytoplasmic organelles and numerous glycogen and lipid droplets of different sizes. Kupffer cells, Ito cells, aggregation of intrahepatic macrophages and melanomacrophages were also recognized. Melanomacrophages contained numerous phagosomes, many lysosomes, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and melanin pigments. Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells expressed immunoreactivity to APG5, indicating that these cells were involved in the process of autophagy. Telocytes (TCs) were also recognized in the liver of molly fish, and they shared the same morphological characteristics as those in mammals. However, TCs expressed strong immunoreactivity to APG5, TGF-β, and Nrf2, suggesting their possible role in cellular differentiation and regeneration, in addition to phagocytosis and autophagy. Both IL-1β and NF-KB showed immunoreactivity in the hepatocytes and in inflammatory cells (including intrahepatic macrophages and melanomacrophage center). Nrf2 and SOX9 showed immunoreactivity in hepatocytes, stem cells, and macrophages. The present study showed the spatial distribution of hepatic vascular-biliary tracts in molly fish. The liver of molly fish has unique functions in phagocytosis, autophagy, and cell regeneration. The expression of APG5 in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, melanomacrophages, and telocytes supports the role of the liver in lymphocyte development and proliferation. The expression of TGF-β and NF-κB in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, telocytes, and macrophages suggests the role of the liver in regulation of cell proliferation and immune response suppression. The expression of IL-1β and Sox9 in macrophages and melanomacrophages suggests the role of the liver in regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity, cell proliferation and apoptosis, in addition to stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Hussein
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ramy K A Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, 82524, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, Assiut, Egypt
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6
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Zhang J, Zou Y, Chen L, Xu Q, Wang Y, Xie M, Liu X, Zhao J, Wang CY. Regulatory T Cells, a Viable Target Against Airway Allergic Inflammatory Responses in Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902318. [PMID: 35757774 PMCID: PMC9226301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the airway chronic inflammation, hyper-responsiveness (AHR), remodeling, and reversible obstruction. Although asthma is known as a heterogeneous group of diseases with various clinical manifestations, recent studies suggest that more than half of the clinical cases are ‘‘T helper type 2 (Th2)-high’’ type, whose pathogenesis is driven by Th2 responses to an inhaled allergen from the environmental exposures. The intensity and duration of inflammatory responses to inhaled allergens largely depend on the balance between effector and regulatory cells, but many questions regarding the mechanisms by which the relative magnitudes of these opposing forces are remained unanswered. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which comprise diverse subtypes with suppressive function, have long been attracted extensive attention owing to their capability to limit the development and progression of allergic diseases. In this review we seek to update the recent advances that support an essential role for Tregs in the induction of allergen tolerance and attenuation of asthma progression once allergic airway inflammation established. We also discuss the current concepts about Treg induction and Treg-expressed mediators relevant to controlling asthma, and the therapies designed based on these novel insights against asthma in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longmin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Sayed RKA, Zaccone G, Capillo G, Albano M, Mokhtar DM. Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in Molly Fish Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes, 1846): Synergistic Interactions of Stem Cells, Neurons, and Immune Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050779. [PMID: 35625510 PMCID: PMC9138448 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In fish, the spleen is the prime secondary lymphoid organ. It has a role in the induction of adaptive immune responses, in addition to its significance in the elimination of immune complexes. This study was conducted on 18 randomly obtained adult molly fish (Poecilia sphenops) of both sexes using histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural studies to highlight the cellular components of the spleen and their potential role in the immune system. The spleen of molly fish was characterized by the presence of well-distinct melanomacrophage centers, and other basic structures present in higher vertebrates including red and white pulps, blood vessels, and ellipsoids. Some mitotic cells could also be identified in the red pulp. Mast cells with characteristic metachromatic granules could be seen among the splenic cells. Rodlet cells were randomly distributed in the spleen and were also observed around the ellipsoids. The white pulp of the spleen expressed APG5. The expressions were well distinct in the melanomacrophages, leukocytes, and macrophages. Myostatin was expressed in leukocytes and epithelial reticular cells. IL-1β showed immunoreactivity in monocytes and macrophages around the ellipsoids. NF-κB and TGF-β were expressed in macrophages and epithelial reticular cells. Nrf2 expression was detected in stem cells and rodlet cells. Sox-9 had a higher expression in epithelial reticular cells and stem cells. The high frequency of immune cells in the spleen confirmed its role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.Z.); (G.C.)
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.Z.); (G.C.)
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-38-8119-3816
| | - Doaa M. Mokhtar
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
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Liu S, Guo J, Cheng X, Li W, Lyu S, Chen X, Li Q, Wang H. Molecular Evolution of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Gene Family and the Functional Characterization of Lamprey TGF-β2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836226. [PMID: 35309318 PMCID: PMC8931421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) are multifunctional cytokines capable of regulating a wide range of cellular behaviors and play a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system. The TGF-β subfamily, which is only present in deuterostomes, expands from a single gene in invertebrates to multiple members in jawed vertebrates. However, the evolutionary processes of the TGF-β subfamily in vertebrates still lack sufficient elucidation. In this study, the TGF-β homologs are identified at the genome-wide level in the reissner lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri), the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), and the Japanese lamprey (Lampetra japonica), which are the extant representatives of jawless vertebrates with a history of more than 350 million years. The molecular evolutionary analyses reveal that the lamprey TGF-β subfamily contains two members representing ancestors of TGF-β2 and 3 in vertebrates, respectively, but TGF-β1 is absent. The transcriptional expression patterns show that the lamprey TGF-β2 may play a central regulatory role in the innate immune response of the lamprey since it exhibits a more rapid and significant upregulation of expression than TGF-β3 during lipopolysaccharide stimuli. The incorporation of BrdU assay reveals that the lamprey TGF-β2 recombinant protein exerts the bipolar regulation on the proliferation of the supraneural myeloid body cells (SMB cells) in the quiescent and LPS-activated state, while plays an inhibitory role in the proliferation of quiescent and activated leukocytes in lampreys. Furthermore, caspase-3/7 activity analysis indicates that the lamprey TGF-β2 protects SMB cells from apoptosis after serum deprivation, in contrast to promoting apoptosis of leukocytes. Our composite results offer valuable clues to the origin and evolution of the TGF-β subfamily and imply that TGF-βs are among the most ancestral immune regulators in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Junfu Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianda Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenna Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangyu Lyu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang, ; Qingwei Li,
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang, ; Qingwei Li,
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9
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Functionalization of Silicone Surface with Drugs and Polymers for Regulation of Capsular Contracture. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162731. [PMID: 34451270 PMCID: PMC8400777 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast reconstruction is achieved using silicone implants, which are currently associated with major complications. Several strategies have been considered to overcome the existing limitations as well as to improve their performance. Recently, surface modification has proved to be an effective clinical approach to prevent bacterial adhesion, reduce capsular thickness, prevent foreign body reactions, and reduce other implant-associated problems. This review article summarizes the ongoing strategies for the surface modification of silicone implants in breast reconstruction applications. The article mostly discusses two broad categories of surface modification: drug-mediated and polymer-based. Different kinds of drugs have been applied with silicone that are associated with breast reconstruction. Initially, this article discusses studies related to drugs immobilized on silicone implants, focusing on drug-loading methods and their effects on capsule contracture. Moreover, the pharmacological action of drugs on fibroblast cells is considered in this section. Next, the polymeric modification of the silicone surface is introduced, and we discuss its role in reducing capsule thickness at the cellular and biological levels. The polymeric modification techniques, their chemistry, and their physical properties are described in detail. Notably, polymer activities on macrophages and inflammation are also briefly discussed. Each of the reviewed articles is summarized, highlighting their discussion of capsular thickness, foreign body reactions, and bacterial attachment. The aim of this review is to provide the main points of some research articles regarding the surface modification of silicon, which can lead to a decrease in capsular thickness and provides better patient compliance.
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Lamubol J, Ohto N, Kuwahara H, Mizuno M. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 22A-3-induced TGF-β1 secretion from intestinal epithelial cells stimulated CD103 + DC and Foxp3 + Treg differentiation and amelioration of colitis in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:8044-8055. [PMID: 34282811 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00990g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 22A-3 (LP22A3) and attempted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. The oral administration of LP22A3 significantly inhibited body weight reduction and decreased colon shortening and colitis score in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. It was demonstrated that the production of the active-form of TGF-β tended to increase in both the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of the ileum and serum but not in the colon of non-DSS-treated mice by LP22A3. IL-10 level in serum was also elevated by LP22A3-treatment. The mRNA expression of TGF-β, IL-10 and Foxp3 increased only in the small intestines of LP22A3-treated mice. Both the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2 (Aldh1a2) mRNA expression and population of CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) in the small intestine significantly increased in the LP22A3-treated group. LP22A3 induced TGF-β secretion from the IECs of the small intestine with retinoic acid production probably through TLR2, resulting in an increase in CD103+ DCs and the Foxp3+ Treg population. Both cells secrete a high level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-β and IL-10 contributing to the protective condition in the intestine and thus making it less susceptible to inflammation. This suggested that oral administration of LP22A-3 may be an alternative therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarukan Lamubol
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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11
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Gori M, Vadalà G, Giannitelli SM, Denaro V, Di Pino G. Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Strategies to Control Foreign Body Reaction to Invasive Neural Electrodes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:659033. [PMID: 34113605 PMCID: PMC8185207 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural-interfaced prostheses aim to restore sensorimotor limb functions in amputees. They rely on bidirectional neural interfaces, which represent the communication bridge between nervous system and neuroprosthetic device by controlling its movements and evoking sensory feedback. Compared to extraneural electrodes (i.e., epineural and perineural implants), intraneural electrodes, implanted within peripheral nerves, have higher selectivity and specificity of neural signal recording and nerve stimulation. However, being implanted in the nerve, their main limitation is represented by the significant inflammatory response that the body mounts around the probe, known as Foreign Body Reaction (FBR), which may hinder their rapid clinical translation. Furthermore, the mechanical mismatch between the consistency of the device and the surrounding neural tissue may contribute to exacerbate the inflammatory state. The FBR is a non-specific reaction of the host immune system to a foreign material. It is characterized by an early inflammatory phase eventually leading to the formation of a fibrotic capsule around intraneural interfaces, which increases the electrical impedance over time and reduces the chronic interface biocompatibility and functionality. Thus, the future in the reduction and control of the FBR relies on innovative biomedical strategies for the fabrication of next-generation neural interfaces, such as the development of more suitable designs of the device with smaller size, appropriate stiffness and novel conductive and biomimetic coatings for improving their long-term stability and performance. Here, we present and critically discuss the latest biomedical approaches from material chemistry and tissue engineering for controlling and mitigating the FBR in chronic neural implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Gori
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC) - National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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12
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Scalise RFM, De Sarro R, Caracciolo A, Lauro R, Squadrito F, Carerj S, Bitto A, Micari A, Bella GD, Costa F, Irrera N. Fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview on Cellular Processes, Molecular Pathways, Clinical Evaluation and Prognostic Value. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9010016. [PMID: 33804308 PMCID: PMC7931027 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ischemic injury caused by myocardial infarction activates a complex healing process wherein a powerful inflammatory response and a reparative phase follow and balance each other. An intricate network of mediators finely orchestrate a large variety of cellular subtypes throughout molecular signaling pathways that determine the intensity and duration of each phase. At the end of this process, the necrotic tissue is replaced with a fibrotic scar whose quality strictly depends on the delicate balance resulting from the interaction between multiple actors involved in fibrogenesis. An inflammatory or reparative dysregulation, both in term of excess and deficiency, may cause ventricular dysfunction and life-threatening arrhythmias that heavily affect clinical outcome. This review discusses cellular process and molecular signaling pathways that determine fibrosis and the imaging technique that can characterize the clinical impact of this process in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Francesco Maria Scalise
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.F.M.S.); (R.D.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Rosalba De Sarro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.F.M.S.); (R.D.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Alessandro Caracciolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.F.M.S.); (R.D.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Rita Lauro
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Scipione Carerj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.F.M.S.); (R.D.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Micari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Martino”, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Di Bella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.F.M.S.); (R.D.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Francesco Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.F.M.S.); (R.D.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (N.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-23-41; Fax: +39-090-221-23-81
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.F.M.S.); (R.D.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (N.I.)
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13
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Belair DG, Lee JS, Kellner AV, Huard J, Murphy WL. Receptor mimicking TGF-β1 binding peptide for targeting TGF-β1 signaling. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:645-652. [PMID: 33289741 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged and elevated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling can lead to undesired scar formation during tissue repair and fibrosis that is often a result of chronic inflammation in the lung, kidney, liver, heart, skin, and joints. We report new TGF-β1 binding peptides that interfere with TGF-β1 binding to its cognate receptors and thus attenuate its biological activity. We identified TGF-β1 binding peptides from the TGF-β1 binding domains of TGF-β receptors and engineered their sequences to facilitate chemical conjugation to biomaterials using molecular docking simulations. The in vitro binding studies and cell-based assays showed that RIPΔ, which was derived from TGF-β type I receptor, bound TGF-β1 in a sequence-specific manner and reduced the biological activity of TGF-β1 when the peptide was presented either in soluble form or conjugated to a commonly used synthetic biomaterial. This approach may have implications for clinical applications such as treatment of various fibrotic diseases and soft tissue repair and offer a design strategy for peptide antibodies based on the biomimicry of ligand-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna V Kellner
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. and Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA and Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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14
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Chen J, Ding ZY, Li S, Liu S, Xiao C, Li Z, Zhang BX, Chen XP, Yang X. Targeting transforming growth factor-β signaling for enhanced cancer chemotherapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:1345-1363. [PMID: 33391538 PMCID: PMC7738904 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, drugs targeting transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling have received tremendous attention for late-stage cancer treatment since TGFβ signaling has been recognized as a prime driver for tumor progression and metastasis. Nonetheless, in healthy and pre-malignant tissues, TGFβ functions as a potent tumor suppressor. Furthermore, TGFβ signaling plays a key role in normal development and homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and immune evasion, and by suppressing tumor-associated inflammation. Therefore, targeting TGFβ signaling for cancer therapy is challenging. Recently, we and others showed that blocking TGFβ signaling increased chemotherapy efficacy, particularly for nanomedicines. In this review, we briefly introduce the TGFβ signaling pathway, and the multifaceted functions of TGFβ signaling in cancer, including regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the behavior of cancer cells. We also summarize TGFβ targeting agents. Then, we highlight TGFβ inhibition strategies to restore the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulate the tumor vasculature, reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and impair the stemness of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) to enhance cancer chemotherapy efficacy. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in targeting TGFβ signaling for cancer therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ze-yang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sha Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-xiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510530, China
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15
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Alsassa S, Lefèvre T, Laugier V, Stindel E, Ansart S. Modeling Early Stages of Bone and Joint Infections Dynamics in Humans: A Multi-Agent, Multi-System Based Model. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:26. [PMID: 32226790 PMCID: PMC7080862 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of bone and joint infections (BJI) is a challenging task. The high intra and inter patient's variability in terms of clinical presentation makes it impossible to rely on a systematic description or classical statistical analysis for its diagnosis. Advances can be achieved through a better understanding of the system behavior that results from the interactions between the components at a micro-scale level, which is difficult to mastered using traditional methods. Multiple studies from the literature report factors and interactions that affect the dynamics of the BJI system. The objectives of this study were (i) to perform a systematic review to identify relevant interactions between agents (cells, pathogens) and parameters values that characterize agents and interactions, and (ii) to develop a two dimensional computational model of the BJI system based on the results of the systematic review. The model would simulate the behavior resulting from the interactions on the cellular and molecular levels to explore the BJI dynamics, using an agent-based modeling approach. The BJI system's response to different microbial inoculum levels was simulated. The model succeeded in mimicking the dynamics of bacteria, the innate immune cells, and the bone mass during the first stage of infection and for different inoculum levels in a consistent manner. The simulation displayed the destruction in bone tissue as a result of the alteration in bone remodeling process during the infection. The model was used to generate different patterns of system behaviors that could be analyzed in further steps. Simulations results suggested evidence for the existence of latent infections. Finally, we presented a way to analyze and synthesize massive simulated data in a concise and comprehensive manner based on the semi-supervised identification of ordinary differential equations (ODE) systems. It allows to use the known framework for temporal and structural ODE analyses and therefore summarize the whole simulated system dynamical behavior. This first model is intended to be validated by in vivo or in vitro data and expected to generate hypotheses to be challenged by real data. Step by step, it can be modified and complexified based on the test/validation iteration cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Alsassa
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM - UMR 1101 INSERM), IBRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Department of Medicine, Brest, France.,Tekliko SARL, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lefèvre
- Iris UMR 8156 CNRS - U997 Inserm - EHESS - UP 13, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Jean Verdier Teaching Hospital, Department of Legal and Social Medicine, Bondy, France
| | | | - Eric Stindel
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM - UMR 1101 INSERM), IBRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Department of Medicine, Brest, France.,La Cavale Blanche University Hospital, Infection Diseases Unit, Brest, France
| | - Séverine Ansart
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM - UMR 1101 INSERM), IBRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Department of Medicine, Brest, France.,La Cavale Blanche University Hospital, Infection Diseases Unit, Brest, France
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16
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Janulaityte I, Januskevicius A, Kalinauskaite-Zukauske V, Bajoriuniene I, Malakauskas K. In Vivo Allergen-Activated Eosinophils Promote Collagen I and Fibronectin Gene Expression in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via TGF- β1 Signaling Pathway in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1837. [PMID: 32155894 PMCID: PMC7084581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils infiltration and releasing TGF-β1 in the airways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, especially during acute episodes provoked by an allergen. TGF-β1 is a major mediator involved in pro-inflammatory responses and fibrotic tissue remodeling in asthma. We aimed to evaluate the effect of in vivo allergen-activated eosinophils on the expression of COL1A1 and FN in ASM cells in asthma. A total of 12 allergic asthma patients and 11 healthy subjects were examined. All study subjects underwent bronchial challenge with D. pteronyssinus allergen. Eosinophils from peripheral blood were isolated before and 24 h after the bronchial allergen challenge using high-density centrifugation and magnetic separation. Individual co-cultures of blood eosinophils and immortalized human ASM cells were prepared. The TGF-β1 concentration in culture supernatants was analyzed using ELISA. Gene expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Eosinophils integrins were suppressed with linear RGDS peptide before co-culture with ASM cells. Results: The expression of TGF-β1 in asthmatic eosinophils significantly increased over non-activated asthmatic eosinophils after allergen challenge, p < 0.001. The TGF-β1 concentration in culture supernatants was significantly higher in samples with allergen-activated asthmatic eosinophils compared to baseline, p < 0.05. The effect of allergen-activated asthmatic eosinophils on the expression of TGF-β1, COL1A1, and FN in ASM cells was more significant compared to non-activated eosinophils, p < 0.05, however, no difference was found on WNT-5A expression. The incubation of allergen-activated asthmatic eosinophils with RGDS peptide was more effective compared to non-activated eosinophils as the gene expression in ASM cells was downregulated equally to the same level as healthy eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Janulaityte
- Laboratory of Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (K.M.)
| | - Andrius Januskevicius
- Laboratory of Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (K.M.)
| | | | - Ieva Bajoriuniene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Kestutis Malakauskas
- Laboratory of Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (K.M.)
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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17
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Kang S, Kim J, Kim S, Wufuer M, Park S, Kim Y, Choi D, Jin X, Kim Y, Huang Y, Jeon B, Choi TH, Park JU, Lee Y. Efficient reduction of fibrous capsule formation around silicone breast implants densely grafted with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymers by heat-induced polymerization. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1580-1591. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01802f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the efficacy of heat-induced MPC-grafting against excessive fibrous capsule formation and related inflammation in tissues surrounding silicone breast implants inserted in a pig model.
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18
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Wang W, Li Y, Wang Q, Cao Y, Wang F, Li W. Identification and Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Human Saphenous Vein Endothelial Cells Overexpressing Domain-Containing mTOR-Interacting Protein (DEPTOR) by RNA-Seq. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6965-6971. [PMID: 31525175 PMCID: PMC6761854 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autologous saphenous vein is the most common choice for coronary artery bypass grafting. This study was conducted to identify and characterize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by overexpressing DEPTOR in human saphenous vein endothelial cells (hsVECs) that might play roles in restenosis. Material/Methods hsVECs isolated from the saphenous veins were transfected with DEPTOR overexpression vector and analyzed for mTOR expression. RNA was prepared from the cells and sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology (RNA-Seq). The DEGs were analyzed based on enrichment scores in GO terms and KEGG pathways. Results The cells had typical hsVEC morphology and characteristics based on the HE staining and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence assays. The expression of mTOR increased, and 102 genes were upregulated, and 409 genes were downregulated after DEPTOR overexpression. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in 20 signal pathways, such as Focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. The DEGs were enriched in GO terms such as integrin binding and glycosaminoglycan binding. For cellular components, GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in main axon, plasma membrane part, cell junction, and proteinaceous extracellular matrix. DEGs included many cytokines, such as bone morphogenetic protein-7, interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, and inhibin, which have important effects on vascular growth and inflammation. Conclusions The overexpression of DEPTOR in hsVECs results in DEGs that are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, intercellular junction, and extracellular matrix receptor. These findings may provide valuable molecular information for improving venous permeability through manipulation of DEPTOR and related mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yiying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanping Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Fudong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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19
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Shin BH, Kim BH, Kim S, Lee K, Choy YB, Heo CY. Silicone breast implant modification review: overcoming capsular contracture. Biomater Res 2018; 22:37. [PMID: 30598837 PMCID: PMC6302391 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicone implants are biomaterials that are frequently used in the medical industry due to their physiological inertness and low toxicity. However, capsular contracture remains a concern in long-term transplantation. To date, several studies have been conducted to overcome this problem. This review summarizes and explores these trends. Main body First, we examined the overall foreign body response from initial inflammation to fibrosis capsule formation in detail and introduced various studies to overcome capsular contracture. Secondly, we introduced that the main research approaches are to inhibit fibrosis with anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics, to control the topography of the surface of silicone implants, and to administer plasma treatment. Each study examined aspects of the various mechanisms by which capsular contracture could occur, and addressed the effects of inhibiting fibrosis. Conclusion This review introduces various silicone surface modification methods to date and examines their limitations. This review will help identify new directions in inhibiting the fibrosis of silicone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ho Shin
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwi Kim
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- 2Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- 2Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea.,7Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229 South Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea.,3Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea.,6Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- 3Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea.,5Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
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20
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Ma ZG, Yuan YP, Wu HM, Zhang X, Tang QZ. Cardiac fibrosis: new insights into the pathogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1645-1657. [PMID: 30416379 PMCID: PMC6216032 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is defined as the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and degradation, thus contributing to cardiac dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. This review discusses specific markers and origin of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and the underlying mechanism involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Currently, there are no CFs-specific molecular markers. Most studies use co-labelling with panels of antibodies that can recognize CFs. Origin of fibroblasts is heterogeneous. After fibrotic stimuli, the levels of myocardial pro-fibrotic growth factors and cytokines are increased. These pro-fibrotic growth factors and cytokines bind to its receptors and then trigger the activation of signaling pathway and transcriptional factors via Smad-dependent or Smad independent-manners. These fibrosis-related transcriptional factors regulate gene expression that are involved in the fibrosis to amplify the fibrotic response. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for initiation, progression, and amplification of cardiac fibrosis are of great clinical significance to find drugs that can prevent the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Yu-Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
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Yoo BY, Kim BH, Lee JS, Shin BH, Kwon H, Koh WG, Heo CY. Dual surface modification of PDMS-based silicone implants to suppress capsular contracture. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:56-70. [PMID: 29908334 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a new physicochemical surface on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based silicone implants in an effort to minimize capsular contracture. Two different surface modification strategies, namely, microtexturing as a physical cue and multilayer coating as a chemical cue, were combined to achieve synergistic effects. The deposition of uniformly sized microparticles onto uncured PDMS surfaces and the subsequent removal after curing generated microtextured surfaces with concave hemisphere micropatterns. The size of the individual micropattern was controlled by the microparticle size. Micropatterns of three different sizes (37.16, 70.22, and 97.64 μm) smaller than 100 μm were produced for potential application to smooth and round-shaped breast implants. The PDMS surface was further chemically modified by layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of poly-l-lysine and hyaluronic acid. Short-term in vitro experiments demonstrated that all the PDMS samples were cytocompatible. However, lower expression of TGF-β and α-SMA, the major profibrotic cytokine and myofibroblast marker, respectively, was observed in only multilayer-coated PDMS samples with larger size micropatterns (70.22 and 97.64 μm), thereby confirming the synergistic effects of physical and chemical cues. An in vivo study conducted for 8 weeks after implantation in rats also indicated that PDMS samples with larger size micropatterns and multilayer coating most effectively inhibited capsular contracture based on analyses of tissue inflammation, number of macrophage, fibroblast and myofibroblast, TGF-β expression, collagen density, and capsule thickness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Although poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based silicone implants have been widely used for various applications including breast implants, they usually cause typical side effects called as capsular contracture. Prior studies have shown that microtexturing and surface coating could reduce capsular contracture. However, previous methods are limited in their scope for application, and it is difficult to obtain FDA approval because of the large and nonuniform size of the microtexture as well as the use of toxic chemical components. Herein, those issues could be addressed by creating a microtexture of size less than 100 m, with a narrow size distribution and using layer-by-layer deposition of a biocompatible polymer without using any toxic compounds. Furthermore, this is the first attempt to combine microtexture with multilayer coating to obtain synergetic effects in minimizing the capsular contracture.
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Remes Lenicov F, Paletta AL, Gonzalez Prinz M, Varese A, Pavillet CE, Lopez Malizia Á, Sabatté J, Geffner JR, Ceballos A. Prostaglandin E2 Antagonizes TGF-β Actions During the Differentiation of Monocytes Into Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1441. [PMID: 29988364 PMCID: PMC6023975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs) are a distinct subset of DCs that derive from circulating monocytes infiltrating injured tissues. Monocytes can differentiate into DCs with different functional signatures, depending on the presence of environment stimuli. Among these stimuli, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) have been shown to modulate the differentiation of monocytes into DCs with different phenotypes and functional profiles. In fact, both mediators lead to contrasting outcomes regarding the production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Previously, we have shown that human semen, which contains high concentrations of PGE2, promoted the differentiation of DCs into a tolerogenic profile through a mechanism dependent on signaling by E-prostanoid receptors 2 and 4. Notably, this effect was induced despite the huge concentration of TGF-β present in semen, suggesting that PGE2 overrides the influence exerted by TGF-β. No previous studies have analyzed the joint actions induced by PGE2 and TGF-β on the function of monocytes or DCs. Here, we analyzed the phenotype and functional profile of monocyte-derived DCs differentiated in the presence of TGF-β and PGE2. DC differentiation guided by TGF-β alone enhanced the expression of CD1a and abrogated LPS-induced expression of IL-10, while differentiation in the presence of PGE2 impaired CD1a expression, preserved CD14 expression, abrogated IL-12 and IL-23 production, stimulated IL-10 production, and promoted the expansion of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Interestingly, DCs differentiated in the presence of TGF-β and PGE2 showed a phenotype and functional profile closely resembling those induced by PGE2 alone. Finally, we found that PGE2 inhibited TGF-β signaling through an action exerted by EP2 and EP4 receptors coupled to cyclic AMP increase and protein kinase A activity. These results indicate that PGE2 suppresses the influence exerted by TGF-β during DC differentiation, imprinting a tolerogenic signature. High concentrations of TGF-β and PGE2 are usually found in infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. Our observations suggest that in these scenarios PGE2 might play a mandatory role in the acquisition of a regulatory profile by DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Remes Lenicov
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Luz Paletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Gonzalez Prinz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Varese
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara E Pavillet
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Álvaro Lopez Malizia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Sabatté
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Raul Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shiu HT, Leung PC, Ko CH. The roles of cellular and molecular components of a hematoma at early stage of bone healing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e1911-e1925. [PMID: 29207216 DOI: 10.1002/term.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone healing is a complex repair process that commences with the formation of a blood clot at the injured bone, termed hematoma. It has evidenced that a lack of a stable hematoma causes delayed bone healing or non-union. The hematoma at the injured bone constitutes the early healing microenvironment. It appears to dictate healing pathways that ends in a regenerative bone. However, the hematoma is often clinically removed from the damaged site. Conversely, blood-derived products have been used in bone tissue engineering for treating critical sized defects, including fibrin gels and platelet-rich plasma. A second generation of platelet concentrate that is based on leukocyte and fibrin content has also been developed and introduced in market. Conflicting effect of these products in bone repair are reported. We propose that the bone healing response becomes dysregulated if the blood response and subsequent formation and properties of a hematoma are altered. This review focuses on the central structural, cellular, and molecular components of a fracture hematoma, with a major emphasis on their roles in regulating bone healing mechanism, and their interactions with mesenchymal stem cells. New angles towards a better understanding of these factors and relevant mechanisms involved at the beginning of bone healing may help to clarify limited or adverse effects of blood-derived products on bone repair. We emphasize that the recreation of an early hematoma niche with critical compositions might emerge as a viable therapeutic strategy for enhanced skeletal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Ting Shiu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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24
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Lu Z, Tang Y, Luo J, Zhang S, Zhou X, Fu L. Advances in targeting the transforming growth factor β1 signaling pathway in lung cancer radiotherapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5681-5687. [PMID: 29113195 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer was demonstrated to be the most lethal type of malignant tumor amongst humans in the global cancer statistics of 2012. As one of the primary treatments, radiotherapy has been reported to induce remission in, and even cure, patients with lung cancer. However, the side effects of radiotherapy may prove lethal in certain patients. In past decades, the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1) signaling pathway has been revealed to serve multiple functions in the control of lung cancer progression and the radiotherapy response. In mammals, this signaling pathway is initiated through activation of the TGFB1 receptor complex, which signals via cytoplasmic SMAD proteins or other downstream signaling pathways. Multiple studies have demonstrated that TGFB1 serves important functions in lung cancer radiotherapy. The present study summarized and reviewed recent progress in elucidating the function of the TGFB1 signaling pathway in predicting radiation pneumonitis, as well as current strategies for targeting the TGFB1 signaling pathway in lung cancer radiotherapy, which may provide potential targets for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Biology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xifa Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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25
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Godinas L, Corhay JL, Henket M, Guiot J, Louis R, Moermans C. Increased production of TGF-β1 from sputum cells of COPD: Relationship with airway obstruction. Cytokine 2017; 99:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Thy1 (CD90) Expression Is Elevated in Radiation-Induced Periprosthetic Capsular Contracture: Implication for Novel Therapeutics. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 140:316-326. [PMID: 28746279 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsular contracture is a devastating complication of postmastectomy implant-based breast reconstruction. Unfortunately, capsular contracture rates are drastically increased by targeted radiotherapy, a standard postmastectomy treatment. Thy1 (also called CD90) is important in myofibroblast differentiation and scar tissue formation. However, the impact of radiotherapy on Thy1 expression and the role of Thy1 in capsular contracture are unknown. METHODS The authors analyzed Thy1 expression in primary human capsular tissue and primary fibroblast explants by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Thy1 was depleted using RNA interference to determine whether Thy1 expression was essential for the myofibroblast phenotype in capsular fibroblasts. Furthermore, human capsular fibroblasts were treated with a new antiscarring compound, salinomycin, to determine whether Thy1 expression and myofibroblast formation were blocked by salinomycin. RESULTS In this article, the authors show that radiation therapy significantly increased Thy1 mRNA and protein expression in periimplant scar tissue. Capsular fibroblasts explanted from scar tissue retained the ability to make the myofibroblast-produced scar-forming components collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin. Depletion of Thy1 decreased the fibrotic morphology of capsular fibroblasts and significantly decreased α-smooth muscle actin and collagen levels. Furthermore, the authors show for the first time that salinomycin decreased Thy1 expression and prevented myofibroblast formation in capsular fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that ionizing radiation-induced Thy1 overexpression may contribute to increased capsular contracture severity, and fibroblast scar production can be ameliorated through targeting Thy1 expression. Importantly, the authors' new results show promise for the antiscarring ability of salinomycin in radiation-induced capsular contracture. CLINCAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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27
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Self-Fordham JB, Naqvi AR, Uttamani JR, Kulkarni V, Nares S. MicroRNA: Dynamic Regulators of Macrophage Polarization and Plasticity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1062. [PMID: 28912781 PMCID: PMC5583156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of a healthy immune system to clear the plethora of antigens it encounters incessantly relies on the enormous plasticity displayed by the comprising cell types. Macrophages (MΦs) are crucial member of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) that constantly patrol the peripheral tissues and are actively recruited to the sites of injury and infection. In tissues, infiltrating monocytes replenish MΦ. Under the guidance of the local micro-milieu, MΦ can be activated to acquire specialized functional phenotypes. Similar to T cells, functional polarization of macrophage phenotype viz., inflammatory (M1) and reparative (M2) is proposed. Equipped with diverse toll-like receptors (TLRs), these cells of the innate arm of immunity recognize and phagocytize antigens and secrete cytokines that activate the adaptive arm of the immune system and perform key roles in wound repair. Dysregulation of MΦ plasticity has been associated with various diseases and infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of transcriptome output. Their importance in maintaining health, and their contribution toward disease, encompasses virtually all aspects of human biology. Our understanding of miRNA-mediated regulation of MΦ plasticity and polarization can be utilized to modulate functional phenotypes to counter their role in the pathogenesis of numerous disease, including cancer, autoimmunity, periodontitis, etc. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the role of miRNA in shaping MΦ polarization and plasticity through targeting of various pathways and genes. Identification of miRNA biomarkers of diagnostic/prognostic value and their therapeutic potential by delivery of miRNA mimics or inhibitors to dynamically alter gene expression profiles in vivo is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afsar Raza Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Juhi Raju Uttamani
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Varun Kulkarni
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Salvador Nares
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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28
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Kim BH, Park M, Park HJ, Lee SH, Choi SY, Park CG, Han SM, Heo CY, Choy YB. Prolonged, acute suppression of cysteinyl leukotriene to reduce capsular contracture around silicone implants. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:209-219. [PMID: 28087482 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that periodically early, local suppression of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), which are potent inflammatory mediators, can reduce the fibrotic capsular contracture around silicone implants. We tested this hypothesis with the silicone implants enabled with the sustained release of montelukast, a CysLT receptor antagonist, for 3 and 15days. In this work, we inserted each of the distinct implants into the pocket of the subpanniculus carnosus plane of living rats and performed histological and immunofluorescent (IF) analyses of the tissues biopsied at predetermined periods for 12weeks after implant insertion. The implants with montelukast exhibited significantly reduced polymorphonuclear leukocytes (i.e., PMNs), implying a concurrent reduction of CysLT. This effect was more prominent after long-term local montelukast exposure. Thus, fewer fibroblasts were recruited, thereby reducing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and myofibroblasts in the tissue around the implant. Therefore, the fibrotic capsule formation, which was assessed using the capsule thickness and collagen density, decreased along with the myofibroblasts. Additionally, the tissue biopsied at the experimental end point exhibited significantly decreased mechanical stiffness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Capsular contracture is troublesome, making the tissues hardened around the silicone implant. This causes serious pain and discomfort to the patients, often leading to secondary surgery for implant replacement. To resolve this, we suggest a strategy of long-term, local suppression of cysteinyl leukotriene, an important mediator present during inflammation. For this, we propose a silicone implant abled to release a drug, montelukast, in a sustained manner. We tested our drug-release implant in living animals, which exhibited a significant decrease in capsule formation compared with the intact silicone implant. Therefore, we conclude that the sustained release of montelukast at the local insertion site represents a promising way to reduce capsular contracture around silicone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hwi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yoon Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Kelly A, Houston SA, Sherwood E, Casulli J, Travis MA. Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity by TGFβ. Adv Immunol 2017; 134:137-233. [PMID: 28413021 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune regulation by cytokines is crucial in maintaining immune homeostasis, promoting responses to infection, resolving inflammation, and promoting immunological memory. Additionally, cytokine responses drive pathology in immune-mediated disease. A crucial cytokine in the regulation of all aspects of an immune response is transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Although best known as a crucial regulator of T cell responses, TGFβ plays a vital role in regulating responses mediated by virtually every innate and adaptive immune cell, including dendritic cells, B cells, NK cells, innate lymphoid cells, and granulocytes. Here, we review our current knowledge of how TGFβ regulates the immune system, highlighting the multifunctional nature of TGFβ and how its function can change depending on location and context of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Kelly
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A Houston
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sherwood
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Casulli
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Travis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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30
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Fernandez-Moure JS, Van Eps JL, Peterson LE, Shirkey BA, Menn ZK, Cabrera FJ, Karim A, Tasciotti E, Weiner BK, Ellsworth WA. Cross-linking of porcine acellular dermal matrices negatively affects induced neovessel formation using platelet-rich plasma in a rat model of hernia repair. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:98-108. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Fernandez-Moure
- Department of Surgery; Houston Methodist Hospital
- Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab; Center for Biomimetic Medicine
| | - Jeffrey L. Van Eps
- Department of Surgery; Houston Methodist Hospital
- Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab; Center for Biomimetic Medicine
| | - Leif E. Peterson
- Biostatistics Core; Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston Texas
- Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
| | - Beverly A. Shirkey
- Department of Surgery; Houston Methodist Hospital
- Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery
| | | | | | - Azim Karim
- Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab; Center for Biomimetic Medicine
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab; Center for Biomimetic Medicine
| | - Bradley K. Weiner
- Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab; Center for Biomimetic Medicine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
| | - Warren A. Ellsworth
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery; Institute of Reconstructive Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital; Houston Texas
- Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
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31
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Ferbert T, Child C, Graeser V, Swing T, Akbar M, Heller R, Biglari B, Moghaddam A. Tracking Spinal Cord Injury: Differences in Cytokine Expression of IGF-1, TGF- B1, and sCD95l Can Be Measured in Blood Samples and Correspond to Neurological Remission in a 12-Week Follow-Up. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:607-614. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ferbert
- HTRG-Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Child
- HTRG-Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viola Graeser
- HTRG-Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tyler Swing
- HTRG-Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Akbar
- HTRG-Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raban Heller
- HTRG-Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahram Biglari
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Department of Paraplegiology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- HTRG-Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Yang J, Yin S, Bi F, Liu L, Qin T, Wang H, Cao W. TIMAP repression by TGFβ and HDAC3-associated Smad signaling regulates macrophage M2 phenotypic phagocytosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:273-285. [PMID: 27709267 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
TIMAP (TGFβ-inhibited membrane-associated protein) is an endothelium-enriched TGFβ downstream protein and structurally belongs to the targeting subunit of myosin phosphatase; however, the mechanism of TGFβ repressing TIMAP and its functional relevance to TGFβ bioactivity remain largely unknown. Here, we report that TIMAP is reduced in TGFβ-elevated mouse fibrotic kidney and highly expressed in macrophages. TGFβ repression of TIMAP is associated with HDAC3 upregulation and its recruitment by Smad2/3 at the Smad binding element on TIMAP promoter, whereas specific HDAC3 inhibition reversed the TIMAP repression, suggesting that TGFβ transcriptionally downregulates TIMAP through HDAC3-associated Smad signaling. Further investigation showed that TIMAP over-expression interrupted TGFβ-associated Smad signaling and TIMAP repression by TGFβ correlated with TGFβ-induced macrophage M2 polarization markers, migration, and phagocytosis-the processes promoted by phosphorylation of the putative TIMAP substrate myosin light chain (MLC). Consistently, TIMAP dephosphorylated MLC in macrophages and TGFβ induced macrophage migration and phagocytosis in TIMAP- and MLC phosphorylation-dependent manners, suggesting that TIMAP dephosphorylation of MLC constitutes an essential regulatory loop mitigating TGFβ-associated macrophage M2 phenotypic activities. Given that hyperactive TGFβ often causes excessive macrophage phagocytic activities potentially leading to various chronic disorders, the strategies targeting HDAC3/TIMAP axis might improve TGFβ-associated pathological processes. KEY MESSAGE TIMAP is enriched in the endothelium and highly expressed in macrophages. TIMAP is suppressed by TGFβ via HDAC3-associated Smad signaling. TIMAP inhibits TGFβ signaling and TGFβ-associated macrophage M2 polarization. TIMAP dephosphorylation of MLC counteracts TGFβ-induced macrophage phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 22 Hankou Road, Room 209, Science & Technology Building, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shasha Yin
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 22 Hankou Road, Room 209, Science & Technology Building, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 22 Hankou Road, Room 209, Science & Technology Building, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 22 Hankou Road, Room 209, Science & Technology Building, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 22 Hankou Road, Room 209, Science & Technology Building, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 22 Hankou Road, Room 209, Science & Technology Building, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 22 Hankou Road, Room 209, Science & Technology Building, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Xu L, Yang X, Chen J, Ge X, Qin Q, Zhu H, Zhang C, Sun X. Simvastatin attenuates radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction in mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:2271-8. [PMID: 27471375 PMCID: PMC4948692 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Statins are widely used lipid-lowering drugs, which have pleiotropic effects, such as anti-inflammation, and vascular protection. In our study, we investigated the radioprotective potential of simvastatin (SIM) in a murine model of radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Design Ninety-six Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomly divided into four groups: solvent + sham irradiation (IR) (Group I), SIM + sham IR (Group II), IR + solvent (Group III), and IR + SIM (Group IV). SIM (10 mg/kg body weight, three times per week) was administered intraperitoneally 1 week prior to IR through to the end of the experiment. Saliva and submandibular gland tissues were obtained for biochemical, morphological (hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome), and Western blot analysis at 8 hours, 24 hours, and 4 weeks after head and neck IR. Results IR caused a significant reduction of salivary secretion and amylase activity but elevation of malondialdehyde. SIM remitted the reduction of saliva secretion and restored salivary amylase activity. The protective benefits of SIM may be attributed to scavenging malondialdehyde, remitting collagen deposition, and reducing and delaying the elevation of transforming growth factor β1 expression induced by radiation. Conclusion SIM may be clinically useful to alleviate side effects of radiotherapy on salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcheng Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Dissecting the role of transforming growth factor-β1 in topmouth culter immunobiological activity: a fundamental functional analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27179. [PMID: 27251472 PMCID: PMC4890032 DOI: 10.1038/srep27179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been proven to function primarily in mammalian immunobiological activity, but information regarding the immune role of TGF-β1 in teleosts is limited. In the present study, we describe the cDNA cloning and characterization of the TGF-β1 molecule in the topmouth culter. TGF-β1 is highly expressed in immune-related tissues of the culter, including the thymus, head kidney, and spleen. The recombinant culter TGF-β1 (cTGF-β1) was successfully expressed and purified in vitro, and the effects of cTGF-β1 on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, in the absence or presence of LPS was determined in culter peripheral blood leukocytes. cTGF-β1 was found to have bipolar properties in inflammatory reactions. Additionally, to assess the immune role of teleost TGF-β1 in vivo, the expression of TGF-β1 in the culter thymus and spleen tissues induced by poly I:C were also examined. The expression of TGF-β1 was obviously up-regulated, as shown in the cell lines. However, the peak time of cTGF-β1 expression in the cell lines occurred significantly earlier than in the organic tissues under the same inducer, suggesting that the response of the teleost TGF-β1 molecule to exogenous infection depends on a more complicated signalling pathway in vivo than in vitro.
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Lee YU, de Dios Ruiz-Rosado J, Mahler N, Best CA, Tara S, Yi T, Shoji T, Sugiura T, Lee AY, Robledo-Avila F, Hibino N, Pober JS, Shinoka T, Partida-Sanchez S, Breuer CK. TGF-β receptor 1 inhibition prevents stenosis of tissue-engineered vascular grafts by reducing host mononuclear phagocyte activation. FASEB J 2016; 30:2627-36. [PMID: 27059717 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500179r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stenosis is a critical problem in the long-term efficacy of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). We previously showed that host monocyte infiltration and activation within the graft drives stenosis and that TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-βR1) inhibition can prevent it, but the latter effect was attributed primarily to inhibition of mesenchymal cell expansion. In this study, we assessed the effects of TGF-βR1 inhibition on the host monocytes. Biodegradable TEVGs were implanted as inferior vena cava interposition conduits in 2 groups of C57BL/6 mice (n = 25/group): unseeded grafts and unseeded grafts with TGF-βR1 inhibitor systemic treatment for the first 2 wk. The TGF-βR1 inhibitor treatment effectively improved TEVG patency at 6 mo compared to the untreated control group (91.7 vs. 48%, P < 0.001), which is associated with a reduction in classic activation of mononuclear phagocytes. Consistent with these findings, the addition of rTGF-β to LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated monocytes enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-6; this effect was blocked by TGF-βR1 inhibition (P < 0.0001). These findings suggest that the TGF-β signaling pathway contributes to TEVG stenosis by inducing classic activation of host monocytes. Furthermore, blocking monocyte activation by TGF-βR1 inhibition provides a viable strategy for preventing TEVG stenosis while maintaining neotissue formation.-Lee, Y.-U., de Dios Ruiz-Rosado, J., Mahler, N., Best, C. A., Tara, S., Yi, T., Shoji, T., Sugiura, T., Lee, A. Y., Robledo-Avila, F., Hibino, N., Pober, J. S., Shinoka, T., Partida-Sanchez, S., Breuer, C. K. TGF-β receptor 1 inhibition prevents stenosis of tissue-engineered vascular grafts by reducing host mononuclear phagocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ung Lee
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Nathan Mahler
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cameron A Best
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuhei Tara
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tai Yi
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Toshihiro Shoji
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tadahisa Sugiura
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Avione Y Lee
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank Robledo-Avila
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery-The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Toshiharu Shinoka
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery-The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and
| | | | - Christopher K Breuer
- Tissue Engineering Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
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Gratchev A. TGF-β signalling in tumour associated macrophages. Immunobiology 2016; 222:75-81. [PMID: 26876591 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumour associated macrophages (TAM) represent an important component of tumour stroma. They develop under the influence of tumour microenvironment where transforming growth factor (TGF)β is frequently present. Activities of TAM regulated by TGFβ stimulate proliferation of tumour cells and lead to tumour immune escape. Despite high importance of TGFβ-induction of TAM activities till now our understanding of the mechanism of this induction is limited. We have previously developed a model of type 2 macrophages (M2) resembling certain properties of TAM. We established that in M2 TGFβRII is regulated on the level of subcellular sorting by glucocorticoids. Further studies revealed that in M2 with high levels of TGFβRII on the surface TGFβ activates not only its canonical Smad2/3-mediated signaling, but also Smad1/5-mediated signaling, what is rather typical for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulation. Complexity of macrophage populations, however, allows assumption that TGFβ signalling may function in different ways depending on the functional state of the cell. To understand the peculiarities of TGFβ signalling in human TAMs experimental systems using primary cells have to be developed and used together with the modern mathematical modelling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Gratchev
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory for translational cellular and molecular biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
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A. Elawady M, M. Elmaghrabi M, Ebrahim N, A. Elawady M, Sabry D, Shamaa A, Ragaei A. Therapeutic Potential of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Modulating Astroglyosis of Surgical Induced Experimental Spinal Cord Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2016.76024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effect of Monocyte-Like THP-1 Cells on the Formation of Vascular Tubes by EA.Hy926s Endothelial Cells in the Presence of Cytokines. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 159:146-51. [PMID: 26033606 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of endothelial cells with cells of the microenvironment, including monocytes/ macrophages, and extracellular matrix during angiogenesis is controlled by cytokines. The stimulating effect bFGF, IL-8, and VEGF on the formation of capillary-like structures by endothelial cells was demonstrated in both monoculture and in co-culture with THP-1 cells; in the latter case, the effects of bFGF and VEGF were more pronounced. IL-8 reduced branching of vascular tubes in co-culture in comparison with monoculture of endothelial cells. Placental growth factor PlGF had no effect of tube formation by endothelial cells in monoculture, but in co-culture with THP-1 cells this cytokine in high concentrations exhibited proangiogenic activity. TGFb inhibited the formation of vascular tubes by endothelial cells and its antiangiogenic potential was more pronounced in co-culture with THP-1 cells.
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Pilot Trial of FANG Immunotherapy in Ewing's Sarcoma. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1103-1109. [PMID: 25917459 PMCID: PMC4817748 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on 12 consecutive patients with advanced/metastatic Ewing's sarcoma who were treated as a separate cohort of a phase 1 trial of FANG autologous immunotherapy (1 × 10(6)-2.5 × 10(7) cells/intradermal injection each month for minimum 4 months). Safety and clinical response were monitored. Patient immune response to unmodified autologous tumor cells was assessed by gamma interferon-enzyme-linked immunospot (γIFN-ELISPOT) assay using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from baseline (pretreatment) and multiple postvaccination time points. None of the 12 patients (47 vaccinations) developed grade 2/3/4 drug-related toxicity. Median product release granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression was 1,941 pg/10(6) cells, and TGFβ1and TGFβ2 knockdown were 99 and 100%, respectively. Eight patients were assessed for ELISPOT response to autologous tumor cells at baseline and all (100%) were negative. In contrast, follow-up ELISPOT response at month 1 or month 4 (one patient) after FANG was positive in all eight patients. One patient achieved a partial tumor response (38% tumor reduction, RECIST 1.1). The Kaplan-Meier estimated survival of these 12 patients at 1 year was 75%. In this phase 1 study in patients with Ewing's sarcoma, FANG immunotherapy was well tolerated, elicited a tumor-specific systemic immune response in all patients, and was associated with favorable 1-year survival. Further clinical testing is indicated.
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Hart Y, Reich-Zeliger S, Antebi YE, Zaretsky I, Mayo AE, Alon U, Friedman N. Paradoxical signaling by a secreted molecule leads to homeostasis of cell levels. Cell 2015; 158:1022-1032. [PMID: 25171404 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A widespread feature of extracellular signaling in cell circuits is paradoxical pleiotropy: the same secreted signaling molecule can induce opposite effects in the responding cells. For example, the cytokine IL-2 can promote proliferation and death of T cells. The role of such paradoxical signaling remains unclear. To address this, we studied CD4(+) T cell expansion in culture. We found that cells with a 30-fold difference in initial concentrations reached a homeostatic concentration nearly independent of initial cell levels. Below an initial threshold, cell density decayed to extinction (OFF-state). We show that these dynamics relate to the paradoxical effect of IL-2, which increases the proliferation rate cooperatively and the death rate linearly. Mathematical modeling explained the observed cell and cytokine dynamics and predicted conditions that shifted cell fate from homeostasis to the OFF-state. We suggest that paradoxical signaling provides cell circuits with specific dynamical features that are robust to environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Hart
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Yaron E Antebi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Irina Zaretsky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avraham E Mayo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Uri Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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41
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Park S, Park M, Kim BH, Lee JE, Park HJ, Lee SH, Park CG, Kim MH, Kim R, Kim EH, Heo CY, Choy YB. Acute suppression of TGF-ß with local, sustained release of tranilast against the formation of fibrous capsules around silicone implants. J Control Release 2014; 200:125-37. [PMID: 25528612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We propose the acute, local suppression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß), a major profibrotic cytokine, to reduce fibrosis around silicone implants. To this end, we prepared silicone implants that were able to release tranilast, a TGF-ß inhibitor, in a sustained manner for 5 days or 15 days. We performed histologic and immunohistochemical analyses for 12 weeks after the implantation of the implants in living rats. The capsule thicknesses and collagen densities significantly decreased compared with those around the non-treated silicone implants. Notably, early suppression of TGF-ß affected the fibrogenesis that actually occurs at the late stage of wound healing. This change may be ascribed to the decrease in monocyte recruitment mediated by early TGF-ß during the acute inflammatory reaction. Thus, a significant decrease in differentiated macrophages was observed along with a decrease in the quantity of TGF-ß and fibroblasts during the subsequent inflammation stage; these changes led to a diminished fibrotic capsule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 152-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 152-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 152-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 152-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 152-742, Republic of Korea; Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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Ezzat Alnakip M, Quintela-Baluja M, Böhme K, Fernández-No I, Caamaño-Antelo S, Calo-Mata P, Barros-Velázquez J. The Immunology of Mammary Gland of Dairy Ruminants between Healthy and Inflammatory Conditions. J Vet Med 2014; 2014:659801. [PMID: 26464939 PMCID: PMC4590879 DOI: 10.1155/2014/659801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The health of dairy animals, particularly the milk-producing mammary glands, is essential to the dairy industry because of the crucial hygienic and economic aspects of ensuring production of high quality milk. Due to its high prevalence, mastitis is considered the most important threat to dairy industry, due to its impacts on animal health and milk production and thus on economic benefits. The MG is protected by several defence mechanisms that prevent microbial penetration and surveillance. However, several factors can attenuate the host immune response (IR), and the possession of various virulence and resistance factors by different mastitis-causing microorganisms greatly limits immune defences and promotes establishment of intramammary infections (IMIs). A comprehensive understanding of MG immunity in both healthy and inflammatory conditions will be an important key to understand the nature of IMIs caused by specific pathogens and greatly contributes to the development of effective control methods and appropriate detection techniques. Consequently, this review aims to provide a detailed overview of antimicrobial defences in the MG under healthy and inflammatory conditions. In this sense, we will focus on pathogen-dependent variations in IRs mounted by the host during IMI and discuss the potential ramifications of these variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ezzat Alnakip
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Rúa Carballo Calero, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Food Control Department, Dairy Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al Sharkia 44519, Egypt
| | - Marcos Quintela-Baluja
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Rúa Carballo Calero, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Karola Böhme
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Rúa Carballo Calero, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fernández-No
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Rúa Carballo Calero, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Sonia Caamaño-Antelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Rúa Carballo Calero, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Pillar Calo-Mata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Rúa Carballo Calero, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jorge Barros-Velázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Rúa Carballo Calero, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Panek M, Pietras T, Fabijan A, Zioło J, Wieteska L, Małachowska B, Fendler W, Szemraj J, Kuna P. Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-β1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:975-86. [PMID: 25119113 PMCID: PMC4152139 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an important fibrogenic and immunomodulatory cytokine participating in the pathogenesis of a number of illnesses related to the growth, differentiation and migration of cells. It also plays a key role in inflammation, atherosclerosis, vascular inflammation and asthma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the expression of the TGF-β1 gene and its genetic polymorphisms, and the disease phenotype. The study comprised 173 patients with asthma, as well as 163 healthy volunteers as a control group. The gender profiles of the groups were similar (p=0.8415). Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-high resolution melting (HRM). The results were verified by sequencing. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. This study evaluated the role and frequency of genetic polymorphisms (C−509T, C+466T and T+869C) of the TGF-β1 gene in the study group (patients with asthma) and the control group (healthy volunteers). The results obtained for the patients and healthy controls were as follows: C−509T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (controls, TT/CT/CC-0.4444/0.5309/0.0247; patients, TT/CT/CC-0.3699/0.6012/0.0289), C+466T SNP (controls, TT/CT/CC-1.000/0.000/0.000; patients, TT/CT/CC-1.000/0.000/0.000) and T+869C SNP (controls, TT/CT/CC-1.000/0.000/0.000; patients, TT/CT/CC-1.000/0.000/0.000). Only the C−509T polymorphism was found to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of asthma, as well as a risk factor in the loss of the clinical control of the disease [TT vs. CC/CT, odds ratio (OR) 2.38; confidence interval (CI) 1.22–4.66; p=0.0103]. A significant difference was noted between the study and control groups with regard to the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 (p=0.0133). A higher level of expression of the TGF-β1 gene correlated with the time of diagnosis of patients over 16 years of age (p=0.0255). This study demonstrates that the C−509T SNP is a significant clinical risk factor for asthma and that the TGF-β1 cytokine contributes to the progression of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Panek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Artur Fabijan
- Students Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Zioło
- Students Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Wieteska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Małachowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
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Mao Y, Poschke I, Kiessling R. Tumour-induced immune suppression: role of inflammatory mediators released by myelomonocytic cells. J Intern Med 2014; 276:154-70. [PMID: 24597954 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-induced immune dysfunction is a serious challenge to immunotherapy for cancer, and intact adaptive and innate cellular immunity is key to its success. Myelomonocytic cells have a central role in this immune suppression, and tumour-associated macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells have all been shown to be of major importance. These myelomonocytic cells secrete a broad repertoire of inflammatory mediators providing them with powerful tools to inhibit tumour-reactive T cells and natural killer cells; free oxygen radicals including reactive oxygen species and NO, arginase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, prostaglandins, the pro-inflammatory heterodimer S100A8/9 and cytokines, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and transforming growth factor-β, have proven particularly potent in suppressing antitumour cellular immunity. Determining which of these factors prevail in individual cancer patients and designing methods aimed at neutralization or inhibition of their effects on target tissues have the potential to greatly enhance the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kafka JK, Osborne BJW, Sheth PM, Nazli A, Dizzell S, Huibner S, Kovacs C, Verschoor CP, Bowdish DM, Kaul R, Kaushic C. Latent TGF-β1 is compartmentalized between blood and seminal plasma of HIV-positive men and its activation in semen is negatively correlated with viral load and immune activation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:151-61. [PMID: 25052241 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Semen is the primary medium for sexual transmission of HIV-1 and contains high concentrations of TGF-β1, but its role in regulating HIV-mediated immune activation is unclear. METHOD OF STUDY TGF-β1 and sCD14 were compared in blood plasma (BP) and seminal plasma (SP) from HIV-uninfected and infected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive and ART-treated men and in THP-1 cells following exposure to HIV-1. The relationship between TGF-β1 and sCD14 was determined by Spearman correlation. RESULTS Active and latent forms of TGF-β1 were compartmentalized between BP and SP. Highest active TGF-β1 levels were present in SP of ART-naïve chronic-infected men and decreased following ART treatment. Latent TGF-β1 was upregulated in BP following HIV infection, and highest levels were observed in BP of acute-infected men. Similar expression trends were observed between latent TGF-β1 and sCD14 in BP. A significant negative correlation was observed between active TGF-β1, sCD14, and semen viral load in ART-naive men. CONCLUSION TGF-β1 is compartmentalized between blood and semen, possibly co-expressed with sCD14 by activated monocytes/macrophages in BP as a result of HIV infection. Conversion of latent TGF-β1 into its active form could contribute to regulation of viral load and immune activation in the male genital tract, but depends on the stage of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Kafka
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Immunomodulatory effects by oral contraceptives in normal and cholestatic female rats: Role of cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Curtin AE, Zhou L. An agent-based model of the response to angioplasty and bare-metal stent deployment in an atherosclerotic blood vessel. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94411. [PMID: 24732072 PMCID: PMC3986389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE While animal models are widely used to investigate the development of restenosis in blood vessels following an intervention, computational models offer another means for investigating this phenomenon. A computational model of the response of a treated vessel would allow investigators to assess the effects of altering certain vessel- and stent-related variables. The authors aimed to develop a novel computational model of restenosis development following an angioplasty and bare-metal stent implantation in an atherosclerotic vessel using agent-based modeling techniques. The presented model is intended to demonstrate the body's response to the intervention and to explore how different vessel geometries or stent arrangements may affect restenosis development. METHODS The model was created on a two-dimensional grid space. It utilizes the post-procedural vessel lumen diameter and stent information as its input parameters. The simulation starting point of the model is an atherosclerotic vessel after an angioplasty and stent implantation procedure. The model subsequently generates the final lumen diameter, percent change in lumen cross-sectional area, time to lumen diameter stabilization, and local concentrations of inflammatory cytokines upon simulation completion. Simulation results were directly compared with the results from serial imaging studies and cytokine levels studies in atherosclerotic patients from the relevant literature. RESULTS The final lumen diameter results were all within one standard deviation of the mean lumen diameters reported in the comparison studies. The overlapping-stent simulations yielded results that matched published trends. The cytokine levels remained within the range of physiological levels throughout the simulations. CONCLUSION We developed a novel computational model that successfully simulated the development of restenosis in a blood vessel following an angioplasty and bare-metal stent deployment based on the characteristics of the vessel cross-section and stent. A further development of this model could ultimately be used as a predictive tool to depict patient outcomes and inform treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia E. Curtin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Leming Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The role(s) of cytokines/chemokines in urinary bladder inflammation and dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:120525. [PMID: 24738044 PMCID: PMC3971501 DOI: 10.1155/2014/120525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bladder pain syndrome (BPS)/interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by pain, pressure, or discomfort perceived to be bladder related and with at least one urinary symptom. It was recently concluded that 3.3-7.9 million women (>18 years old) in the United States exhibit BPS/IC symptoms. The impact of BPS/IC on quality of life is enormous and the economic burden is significant. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of BPS/IC are unknown, numerous theories including infection, inflammation, autoimmune disorder, toxic urinary agents, urothelial dysfunction, and neurogenic causes have been proposed. Altered visceral sensations from the urinary bladder (i.e., pain at low or moderate bladder filling) that accompany BPS/IC may be mediated by many factors including changes in the properties of peripheral bladder afferent pathways such that bladder afferent neurons respond in an exaggerated manner to normally innocuous stimuli (allodynia). The goals for this review are to describe chemokine/receptor (CXCL12/CXCR4; CCL2/CCR2) signaling and cytokine/receptor (transforming growth factor (TGF-β)/TGF-β type 1 receptor) signaling that may be valuable LUT targets for pharmacologic therapy to improve urinary bladder function and reduce somatic sensitivity associated with urinary bladder inflammation.
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Abstract
The contributions of murine models to elucidation of processes central to tumor growth are reviewed. Localized acidosis, increased interstitial pressure, perturbations in structure and function of the extracellular matrix, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and co-optation of the immune response are all phenomena that promote tumor survival and metastasis. The use of animal models is critical to understanding the pathophysiology of these processes and the development of more effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lindner
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Comprehensive Cancer, Cleveland, OH.
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Ostriker A, Horita HN, Poczobutt J, Weiser-Evans MCM, Nemenoff RA. Vascular smooth muscle cell-derived transforming growth factor-β promotes maturation of activated, neointima lesion-like macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:877-86. [PMID: 24526697 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the contribution of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC)-derived factors to macrophage phenotypic modulation in the setting of vascular injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS By flow cytometry, macrophages (M4) were the predominant myeloid cell type recruited to wire-injured femoral arteries, in mouse, compared with neutrophils or eosinophils. Recruited macrophages from injured vessels exhibited a distinct expression profile relative to circulating mononuclear cells (peripheral blood monocytes; increased: interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12b, CC chemokine receptor [CCR]3, CCR7, tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, arginase 1; decreased: interleukin-12a, matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]9). This phenotype was recapitulated in vitro by maturing rat bone marrow cells in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and 20% conditioned media from cultured rat SMC (sMϕ) compared with maturation in macrophage-colony stimulating factor alone (M0). Recombinant transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 recapitulated the effect of SMC conditioned media. Macrophage maturation studies performed in the presence of a pan-TGF-β neutralizing antibody, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor, or conditioned media from TGF-β-depleted SMCs confirmed that the SMC-derived factor responsible for macrophage activation was TGF-β. Finally, the effect of SMC-mediated macrophage activation on SMC biology was assessed. SMCs cocultured with sMϕ exhibited increased rates of proliferation relative to SMCs cultured alone or with M0 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS SMC-derived TGF-β modulates the phenotype of maturing macrophages in vitro, recapitulating the phenotype found in vascular lesions in vivo. SMC-modulated macrophages induce SMC activation to a greater extent than control macrophages.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/metabolism
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Humans
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Paracrine Communication
- Phenotype
- RNA Interference
- Rats
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/metabolism
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Ostriker
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.N.H., J.P., M.C.M.W.-E., R.A.N.), Department of Pharmacology (A.O., M.C.M.W.-E., R.A.N.), and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory (M.C.M.W.-E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora
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