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Arya SS, More PR, Ladole MR, Pegu K, Pandit AB. Non-thermal, energy efficient hydrodynamic cavitation for food processing, process intensification and extraction of natural bioactives: A review. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 98:106504. [PMID: 37406541 PMCID: PMC10339045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is the process of bubbles formation, expansion, and violent collapse, which results in the generation of high pressures in the order of 100-5000 bar and temperatures in the range of 727-9727 °C for just a fraction of seconds. Increasing consumer demand for high-quality foods with higher nutritive values and fresh-like sensory attributes, food processors, scientists, and process engineers are pushed to develop innovative and effective non-thermal methods as an alternative to conventional heat treatments. Hydrodynamic cavitation can play a significant role in non-thermal food processing as it has the potential to destroy microbes and reduce enzyme activity while retaining essential nutritional and physicochemical properties. As hydrodynamic cavitation occurs in a flowing liquid, there is a decrease in local pressure followed by its recovery; hence it can be used for liquid foods. It can also be used to create stable emulsions and homogenize food constituents. Moreover, this technology can extract food constituents such as polyphenols, essential oils, pigments, etc., via biomass pretreatment, cell disruption for selective enzyme release, waste valorization, and beer brewing. Other applications related to food production include water treatment, biodiesel, and biogas production. The present review discusses the application of HC in the preservation, processing, and quality improvement of food and other related applications. The reviewed examples in this paper demonstrate the potential of hydrodynamic cavitation with further expansion toward the scaling up, which looks at commercialization as a driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini S Arya
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, NM Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India.
| | - Pavankumar R More
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, NM Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Mayur R Ladole
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kakoli Pegu
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, NM Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Aniruddha B Pandit
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, NM Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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Parvathy Eswari A, Kavitha S, Yukesh Kannah R, Kumar G, Bhatia SK, Hoon Park J, Rajesh Banu J. Dispersion assisted pretreatment for enhanced anaerobic biodegradability and biogas recovery -strategies and applications. Bioresour Technol 2022; 361:127634. [PMID: 35863598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disperser assisted homogenization is a promising mechanical based disintegration process to improve the substrate biodegradability and biogas recovery from biomass. During dispersion, the extent of liquefaction relies on the dispersion parameters and biomass properties. Hence, assessment of the optimal parameters varies with type of disperser and biomass. Dispersion assisted homogenization of some biomass such as sludge is not only studied in lab scale but also investigated in full scale plants providing positive outcome. For instance, the large-scale investigation of disperser homogenization has attained nearly 40-50 percent increment in bioenergy recovery. However, research gaps in terms of energy and cost efficiency still exists. This review paper outlines the impact of disperser parameters, its efficiency in biomass disintegration and biogas recovery. It has been proposed to combine homogenization process in the bioenergy generation to investigate the energy and cost efficiency of the entire process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parvathy Eswari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli 627007, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli 627007, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group Jeju City, South Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur 610005, India.
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Sun X, Liu J, Ji L, Wang G, Zhao S, Yoon JY, Chen S. A review on hydrodynamic cavitation disinfection: The current state of knowledge. Sci Total Environ 2020; 737:139606. [PMID: 32783818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection, which aims to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, is an essential step of water treatment. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has emerged as a promising technology for large-scale disinfection without introducing new chemicals. HC, which can effectively induce sonochemistry by mechanical means, creates extraordinary conditions of pressures of ~1000 bar, local hotspots with ~5000 K, and high oxidation (hydroxyl radicals) in room environment. These conditions can produce highly destructive effects on microorganisms in water. In addition, the enhancements of chemical reactions and mass transfers by HC produce the synergism between HC and disinfectants or other physical treatment methods. HC is generated by hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (HCRs), therefore, their performance basically determines the effectiveness, economical efficiency, and applicability of HC disinfection. Therefore, developing high-performance HCRs and revealing the corresponding disinfection mechanisms are the most crucial issues today. In this review, we summarize the fundamental principles of HC and HCRs and recent development in HC disinfection. The energy release from cavitation phenomenon and corresponding mechanisms are elaborated. The performance (effectiveness, treatment ratio, and cost) of various HCRs, effects of treatment conditions on performance, and applicability of HC disinfection are evaluated and discussed. Finally, recommendations are provided for the future progress based on the analysis of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University,72 Jimobinhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang S, Hou Y, Liu Z, Ji X, Wu D, Wang W, Zhang D, Wang W, Chen S, Chen F. Electro-Fenton Based Technique to Enhance Cell Harvest and Lipid Extraction from Microalgae. Energies 2020; 13:3813. [DOI: 10.3390/en13153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, lipid extraction remains a major bottleneck in microalgae technology for biofuel production. In this study, an effective and easily controlled cell wall disruption method based on electro-Fenton reaction was used to enhance lipid extraction from the wet biomass of Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1. The results showed that 1.27 mM of hydroxide radical (HO•) was generated under the optimal conditions with 9.1 mM FeSO4 in a 16.4 mA·cm−2 current density for 37.0 min. After the electro-Fenton treatment, the neutral lipid extraction yield of microalgae (~155 mg) increased from 40% to 87.5%, equal to from 12.2% to 26.7% dry cell weight (DCW). In particular, the fatty acid composition remained stable. The cell wall disruption and lipid extraction processes were displayed by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy (FM) observations, respectively. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of algal cells reached 85.2% within 2 h after the reaction was terminated. Furthermore, the biomass of the microalgae cultured in the electrolysis wastewater treated with fresh nutrients reached 3 g/L, which is 12-fold higher than that of the initial after 24 days. These finds provided an economic and efficient method for lipid extraction from wet microalgae, which could be easily controlled by current magnitude regulation.
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Starke R, Jehmlich N, Alfaro T, Dohnalkova A, Capek P, Bell SL, Hofmockel KS. Incomplete cell disruption of resistant microbes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5618. [PMID: 30948770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules for OMIC analysis of microbial communities are commonly extracted by bead-beating or ultra-sonication, but both showed varying yields. In addition to that, different disruption pressures are necessary to lyse bacteria and fungi. However, the disruption efficiency and yields comparing bead-beating and ultra-sonication of different biological material have not yet been demonstrated. Here, we show that ultra-sonication in a bath transfers three times more energy than bead-beating over 10 min. TEM imaging revealed intact gram-positive bacterial and fungal cells whereas the gram-negative bacterial cells were destroyed beyond recognition after 10 min of ultra-sonication. DNA extraction using 10 min of bead-beating revealed higher yields for fungi but the extraction efficiency was at least three-fold lower considering its larger genome. By our critical viewpoint, we encourage the review of the commonly used extraction techniques as we provide evidence for a potential underrepresentation of resistant microbes, particularly fungi, in ecological studies.
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Sun X, Park JJ, Kim HS, Lee SH, Seong SJ, Om AS, Yoon JY. Experimental investigation of the thermal and disinfection performances of a novel hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 49:13-23. [PMID: 30056026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we proposed an effective, efficient, and economical approach to disinfect water using a novel, advanced, rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (HCR). First, analyses of the flow field and cavitation generation mechanism in the HCR were conducted through visualization of the reactor flow field using a high-speed camera. Second, the thermal performance was tested in 20 experiments with various rotational speeds of the rotor (2700, 3000, 3300, and 3600 rpm) and pump pressure settings (0.0, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.5 bar gauge pressure). The HCR maximally achieved a heat generation rate of 48.15 MJ/h and thermal efficiency of 82.18%. Then, the disinfection effect was evaluated using water that simulated an effluent containing Escherichia coli (E. coli) for various flow rates (8, 11, and 14 L/min), a pump pressure setting fixed at 0.5 bar, and a rotational speed of 3600 rpm. In addition, an economical assessment of the disinfection processes was performed by considering the measured electric consumption. The thermal effect generated by the HCR was the dominant factor affecting the concentration of E. coli. The HCR achieved a 100% disinfection rate with a 4.3 L/min treatment rate and a cost of US $ 3.019/m3 at the optimal flow rate. The effects of the pressure setting and rotational speed on the performance were discussed in detail. Finally, compared to the recent studies, the treatment rate of the HCR is several hundred times greater than that obtained by the HCRs utilized in those studies, and also has a reasonable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Jin Park
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Si Jin Seong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ae Son Om
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
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Eggenreich B, Rajamanickam V, Wurm DJ, Fricke J, Herwig C, Spadiut O. A combination of HPLC and automated data analysis for monitoring the efficiency of high-pressure homogenization. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:134. [PMID: 28764719 PMCID: PMC5540504 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell disruption is a key unit operation to make valuable, intracellular target products accessible for further downstream unit operations. Independent of the applied cell disruption method, each cell disruption process must be evaluated with respect to disruption efficiency and potential product loss. Current state-of-the-art methods, like measuring the total amount of released protein and plating-out assays, are usually time-delayed and involve manual intervention making them error-prone. An automated method to monitor cell disruption efficiency at-line is not available to date. Results In the current study we implemented a methodology, which we had originally developed to monitor E. coli cell integrity during bioreactor cultivations, to automatically monitor and evaluate cell disruption of a recombinant E. coli strain by high-pressure homogenization. We compared our tool with a library of state-of-the-art methods, analyzed the effect of freezing the biomass before high-pressure homogenization and finally investigated this unit operation in more detail by a multivariate approach. Conclusion A combination of HPLC and automated data analysis describes a valuable, novel tool to monitor and evaluate cell disruption processes. Our methodology, which can be used both in upstream (USP) and downstream processing (DSP), describes a valuable tool to evaluate cell disruption processes as it can be implemented at-line, gives results within minutes after sampling and does not need manual intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Eggenreich
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vignesh Rajamanickam
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Johannes Wurm
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Fricke
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Carpenter J, Badve M, Rajoriya S, George S, Saharan VK, Pandit AB. Hydrodynamic cavitation: an emerging technology for the intensification of various chemical and physical processes in a chemical process industry. REV CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2016-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been explored by many researchers over the years after the first publication on hydrolysis of fatty oils using HC was published by Pandit and Joshi [Pandit AB, Joshi JB. Hydrolysis of fatty oils: effect of cavitation. Chem Eng Sci 1993; 48: 3440–3442]. Before this publication, most of the studies related to cavitation in hydraulic system were concentrated to avoid the generation of cavities/cavitating conditions. The fundamental concept was to harness the energy released by cavities in a positive way for various chemical and mechanical processes. In HC, cavitation is generated by a combination of flow constriction and pressure-velocity conditions, which are monitored in such a way that cavitating conditions will be reached in a flowing system and thus generate hot spots. It allows the entire process to operate at otherwise ambient conditions of temperature and pressure while generating the cavitating conditions locally. In this review paper, we have explained in detail various cavitating devices and the effect of geometrical and operating parameters that affect the cavitation conditions. The optimization of different cavitating devices is discussed, and some strategies have been suggested for designing these devices for different applications. Also, various applications of HC such as wastewater treatment, preparation of nanoemulsions, biodiesel synthesis, water disinfection, and nanoparticle synthesis were discussed in detail.
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Harding K, Harrison S. Generic flowsheet model for early inventory estimates of industrial microbial processes. II. Downstream processing. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016; 22:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lohani UC, Muthukumarappan K, Meletharayil GH. Application of hydrodynamic cavitation to improve antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and apple pomace. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu D, Ding L, Sun J, Boussetta N, Vorobiev E. Yeast cell disruption strategies for recovery of intracellular bio-active compounds — A review. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation can effectively remove organic pollutants and microorganisms from water. Organic compound degradation and water disinfection removal rate is related to reaction time and operating temperature. Removal rate can be improved by increasing the reaction time or raising the operating temperature. Under our experimental conditions, the removal rate of colority, COD and petroleum pollutants was 80.0%, 72.13% and 70.00%, respectively. In addition, Escherichia coli removal rate was higher than 99.99%. As a new water treatment process, hydrodynamic cavitation can be utilized alone or in combination with other water treatment processes, showing broad application prospects.
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Xie Y, Ho SH, Chen CNN, Chen CY, Jing K, Ng IS, Chen J, Chang JS, Lu Y. Disruption of thermo-tolerant Desmodesmus sp. F51 in high pressure homogenization as a prelude to carotenoids extraction. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Üstün-Aytekin Ö, Arısoy S, Aytekin AÖ, Yıldız E. Statistical optimization of cell disruption techniques for releasing intracellular X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis. Ultrason Sonochem 2016; 29:163-171. [PMID: 26584994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (PepX) is an intracellular enzyme from the Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis NRRL B-1821, and it has commercial importance. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of several cell disruption methods on the activity of PepX. Statistical optimization methods were performed for two cavitation methods, hydrodynamic (high-pressure homogenization) and acoustic (sonication), to determine the more appropriate disruption method. Two level factorial design (2FI), with the parameters of number of cycles and pressure, and Box-Behnken design (BBD), with the parameters of cycle, sonication time, and power, were used for the optimization of the high-pressure homogenization and sonication methods, respectively. In addition, disruption methods, consisting of lysozyme, bead milling, heat treatment, freeze-thawing, liquid nitrogen, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Triton-X, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), chloroform, and antibiotics, were performed and compared with the high-pressure homogenization and sonication methods. The optimized values of high-pressure homogenization were one cycle at 130 MPa providing activity of 114.47 mU ml(-1), while sonication afforded an activity of 145.09 mU ml(-1) at 28 min with 91% power and three cycles. In conclusion, sonication was the more effective disruption method, and its optimal operation parameters were manifested for the release of intracellular enzyme from a L. lactis spp. lactis strain, which is a Gram-positive bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Üstün-Aytekin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, Kinikli, 20020 Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Sevda Arısoy
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, Kinikli, 20020 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ali Özhan Aytekin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Yıldız
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
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Stupak R, Makauskas N, Radzevičius K, Valančius Z. Optimization of intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans using microfluidizer. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 45:667-83. [PMID: 25036157 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.940539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of Neisseria denitrificans cells by microfluidizer was optimized using a factorial experiments design. The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. Particle size distribution analysis revealed nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm. For optimal release of intracellular content, 9200 J/g of energy was needed (95% confidence), yielding 6900 J/g energy savings. Model equations generated from RSM on cell disruption of N. denitrificans were found adequate to determine significant factors and its interaction. The results showed that optimized combination of known pretreatment and disruption methods could considerably improve cell disruption efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stupak
- a Department of Chemical Technology , Kaunas University of Technology , Kaunas , Lithuania
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Yap BHJ, Dumsday GJ, Scales PJ, Martin GJO. Energy evaluation of algal cell disruption by high pressure homogenisation. Bioresour Technol 2015; 184:280-285. [PMID: 25435068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The energy consumption of high pressure homogenisation (HPH) was analysed to determine the feasibility of rupturing algal cells for biodiesel production. Experimentally, the processing capacity (i.e. flow rate), power draw and cell disruption efficiency of HPH were independent of feed concentration (for Nannochloropsis sp. up to 25%w/w solids). Depending on the homogenisation pressure (60-150 MPa), the solids concentration (0.25-25%w/w), and triacylglyceride (TAG) content of the harvested algal biomass (10-30%), the energy consumed by HPH represented between 6% and 110-times the energy density of the resulting biodiesel. Provided the right species (weak cell wall and high TAG content) is selected and the biomass is processed at a sufficiently high solids concentration, HPH can consume a small fraction of the energy content of the biodiesel produced. This study demonstrates the feasibility of process-scale algal cell disruption by HPH based on its energy requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H J Yap
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Geoff J Dumsday
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Peter J Scales
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gregory J O Martin
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Cvetković M, Kompare B, Klemenčič AK. Application of hydrodynamic cavitation in ballast water treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:7422-7438. [PMID: 25810104 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ballast water is, together with hull fouling and aquaculture, considered the most important factor of the worldwide transfer of invasive non-indigenous organisms in aquatic ecosystems and the most important factor in European Union. With the aim of preventing and halting the spread of the transfer of invasive organisms in aquatic ecosystems and also in accordance with IMO's International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments, the systems for ballast water treatment, whose work includes, e.g. chemical treatment, ozonation and filtration, are used. Although hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is used in many different areas, such as science and engineering, implied acoustics, biomedicine, botany, chemistry and hydraulics, the application of HC in ballast water treatment area remains insufficiently researched. This paper presents the first literature review that studies lab- and large-scale setups for ballast water treatment together with the type-approved systems currently available on the market that use HC as a step in their operation. This paper deals with the possible advantages and disadvantages of such systems, as well as their influence on the crew and marine environment. It also analyses perspectives on the further development and application of HC in ballast water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cvetković
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,
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Krehbiel JD, Schideman LC, King DA, Freund JB. Algal cell disruption using microbubbles to localize ultrasonic energy. Bioresour Technol 2014; 173:448-451. [PMID: 25311188 PMCID: PMC4412598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles were added to an algal solution with the goal of improving cell disruption efficiency and the net energy balance for algal biofuel production. Experimental results showed that disruption increases with increasing peak rarefaction ultrasound pressure over the range studied: 1.90 to 3.07 MPa. Additionally, ultrasound cell disruption increased by up to 58% by adding microbubbles, with peak disruption occurring in the range of 10(8)microbubbles/ml. The localization of energy in space and time provided by the bubbles improve efficiency: energy requirements for such a process were estimated to be one-fourth of the available heat of combustion of algal biomass and one-fifth of currently used cell disruption methods. This increase in energy efficiency could make microbubble enhanced ultrasound viable for bioenergy applications and is expected to integrate well with current cell harvesting methods based upon dissolved air flotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Krehbiel
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Lance C Schideman
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Daniel A King
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Jonathan B Freund
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
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Ahmed MM, Md. Fakruddin, Rashid MM, Hossain MM, Uddin MN, Hoque MM, Haque MM. Semi-Pilot Study of the Production of Biomass and β-D-Fructofuranosidase by Saccharomyces cerevisiaeIFSTBY111 in a Fed-Batch Fermenter. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2013.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monzur Morshed Ahmed
- Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Fakruddin
- Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Mohaddis Hossain
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nashir Uddin
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mozammel Hoque
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Saeed A, Iqbal M. Loofa (Luffa cylindrica) sponge: Review of development of the biomatrix as a tool for biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:573-600. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Saeed
- Environmental Biotechnology Group; Biotechnology and Food Research Centre; Lahore 54600 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Environmental Biotechnology Group; Biotechnology and Food Research Centre; Lahore 54600 Pakistan
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Abstract
Cell disruption is an essential step in the release of cellular contents but mechanical cell disruption processes are highly energy intensive. This energy requirement may become a critical issue for the sustainability of low valued commodities such as microalgal biofuels derived from extracted lipids. By the use of an atomic force microscope (AFM), this study evaluated the force and energy required to indent and disrupt individual cells of the marine microalga, Tetraselmis suecica. It was found that the force and energy required for the indentation and disruption varies according to the location of the cell with the average being 17.43 pJ. This amount is the equivalent of 673 J kg(-1) of the dry microalgal biomass. In comparison, the most energy efficient mechanical cell disruption process, hydrodynamic cavitation, has specific energy requirement that is approx. 5 orders of magnitude greater than that measured by AFM. The result clearly shows that existing mechanical cell disruption processes are highly energy inefficient and further research and innovation is required for sustainable microalgal biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Lee
- Microalgal Engineering and Research Group, Centre for Energy Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Balasundaram B, Harrison S. Optimising orifice geometry for selective release of periplasmic products during cell disruption by hydrodynamic cavitation. Biochem Eng J 2011; 54:207-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stenson JD, Hartley P, Wang C, Thomas CR. Determining the mechanical properties of yeast cell walls. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:505-12. [PMID: 21485033 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic cell wall mechanical properties of Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells were determined. Force-deformation data from compression of individual cells up to failure were recorded, and these data were fitted by an analytical model to extract the elastic modulus of the cell wall and the initial stretch ratio of the cell. The cell wall was assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and incompressible. A linear elastic constitutive equation was assumed based on Hencky strains to accommodate the large stretches of the cell wall. Because of the high compression speed, water loss during compression could be assumed to be negligible. It was then possible to treat the initial stretch ratio and elastic modulus as adjustable parameters within the analytical model. As the experimental data fitted numerical simulations well up to the point of cell rupture, it was also possible to extract cell wall failure criteria. The mean cell wall properties for resuspended dried Baker's yeast were as follows: elastic modulus 185 ± 15 MPa, initial stretch ratio 1.039 ± 0.006, circumferential stress at failure 115 ± 5 MPa, circumferential strain at failure 0.46 ± 0.03, and strain energy per unit volume at failure 30 ± 3 MPa. Data on yeast cells obtained by this method and model should be useful in the design and optimization of cell disruption equipment for yeast cell processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Stenson
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Ramanan RN, Tan JS, Mohamed MS, Ling TC, Tey BT, Ariff AB. Optimization of osmotic shock process variables for enhancement of the release of periplasmic interferon-α2b from Escherichia coli using response surface method. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Balasundaram B, Harrison S, Bracewell DG. Advances in product release strategies and impact on bioprocess design. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:477-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ramanan RN, Ling TC, Ariff AB. The performance of a glass bead shaking technique for the disruption of Escherichia coli cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Milly P, Toledo R, Kerr W, Armstead D. Hydrodynamic Cavitation: Characterization of a Novel Design with Energy Considerations for the Inactivation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaein Apple Juice. J Food Sci 2008; 73:M298-303. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arrojo S, Benito Y, Tarifa AM. A parametrical study of disinfection with hydrodynamic cavitation. Ultrason Sonochem 2008; 15:903-8. [PMID: 18077202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The physical and chemical conditions generated by cavitation bubbles can be used to destroy microorganisms and disinfect wastewater. The effect of different cavitation chamber designs and diverse operational parameters on the inactivation rate of Escherichia coli have been studied and used to understand the mechanisms involved in cell disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arrojo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Avda Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Farkade VD, Harrison ST, Pandit AB. Improved cavitational cell disruption following pH pretreatment for the extraction of β-galactosidase from Kluveromyces lactis. Biochem Eng J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gurpilhares DB, Hasmann FA, Pessoa A, Roberto IC. Optimization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase releasing from Candida guilliermondii by disruption with glass beads. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006; 39:591-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Balasundaram B, Harrison STL. Disruption of Brewers' yeast by hydrodynamic cavitation: Process variables and their influence on selective release. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 94:303-11. [PMID: 16570316 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular products, not secreted from the microbial cell, are released by breaking the cell envelope consisting of cytoplasmic membrane and an outer cell wall. Hydrodynamic cavitation has been reported to cause microbial cell disruption. By manipulating the operating variables involved, a wide range of intensity of cavitation can be achieved resulting in a varying extent of disruption. The effect of the process variables including cavitation number, initial cell concentration of the suspension and the number of passes across the cavitation zone on the release of enzymes from various locations of the Brewers' yeast was studied. The release profile of the enzymes studied include alpha-glucosidase (periplasmic), invertase (cell wall bound), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; cytoplasmic) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; cytoplasmic). An optimum cavitation number Cv of 0.13 for maximum disruption was observed across the range Cv 0.09-0.99. The optimum cell concentration was found to be 0.5% (w/v, wet wt) when varying over the range 0.1%-5%. The sustained effect of cavitation on the yeast cell wall when re-circulating the suspension across the cavitation zone was found to release the cell wall bound enzyme invertase (86%) to a greater extent than the enzymes from other locations of the cell (e.g. periplasmic alpha-glucosidase at 17%). Localised damage to the cell wall could be observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of cells subjected to less intense cavitation conditions. Absence of the release of cytoplasmic enzymes to a significant extent, absence of micronisation as observed by TEM and presence of a lower number of proteins bands in the culture supernatant on SDS-PAGE analysis following hydrodynamic cavitation compared to disruption by high-pressure homogenisation confirmed the selective release offered by hydrodynamic cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Balasundaram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Farkade VD, Harrison S, Pandit AB. Heat induced translocation of proteins and enzymes within the cell: an effective way to optimize the microbial cell disruption process. Biochem Eng J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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