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Cao N, Zong X, Guo X, Chen X, Nie D, Huang L, Li L, Ma Y, Wang C, Pang S. The adsorption effects of biochar on carbofuran in water and the mixture toxicity of biochar-carbofuran in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:140992. [PMID: 38141676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbofuran, a widely used carbamate insecticide, is frequently detected in water. In this study, a high-performance adsorbent (WAB4) for carbofuran was obtained from laboratory-synthesized biochars. The maximum adsorption of carbofuran by WAB4 reaches 113.7 mg/g approximately. The adsorption of carbofuran by biochar was a multi-molecular layer and the adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9984) and Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.99). Importantly, an in vivo rat model was used to assess the combined toxicological effects of biochar-carbofuran complexes. The toxicity of the complexes (LD50 > 12 mg/kg) is lower than that of carbofuran (LD50 = 7.9 mg/kg) alone. The damage of biochar-carbofuran complex on rat liver and lung is significantly less than that of carbofuran. The Cmax and bioavailability of carbofuran were found to be reduced by 64% and 68%, respectively, when biochar was present, by UPLC-MS/MS analysis of carbofuran in rat plasma. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the biochar-carbofuran complex is relatively stable in the gastrointestinal tract, by performing a carbofuran release assay in artificial gastrointestinal fluids in vitro. Collectively, biochar is a bio-friendly material for the removal of carbofuran from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xingxing Zong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xuanjun Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Dongxing Nie
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Sen Pang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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2
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Singh D, Khan MA, Akhtar K, Rehman S, Parveen S, Amin KMY, Siddique HR. Protective effects of a polyherbal medicine, Majoon Suranjan against bisphenol-A induced genetic, oxidative and tissue damages. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1057-1069. [PMID: 36120934 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2124519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a toxic chemical largely produced and used in polycarbonate plastics worldwide. Majoon Suranjan (MS), a polyherbal formulation, is used as an anti-inflammatory medicine against rheumatoid arthritis. The present study aimed to evaluate BPA-induced toxicity and its possible amelioration by MS. To test our hypothesis, we performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, DNA interaction studies, genotoxicity tests, oxidative stress parameters, and histopathological examinations. GC-MS profiling of MS revealed the presence of various anti-oxidant compounds. DNA interaction studies showed that both chemicals intercalate between DNA base pairs. Next, we observed BPA-induced genotoxicity and oxidative damage. The observed effects might be due to BPA-induced reactive oxygen species production. Further, BPA changed the anti-oxidant enzyme activities, increased the malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, and caused gross damage to the liver and kidney. Interestingly, these effects were significantly reversed by MS. In conclusion, MS shows protective effects against BPA-induced toxicity and could be a potential alternative medicine against BPA toxicity, especially in third-world countries where BPA uses are not strictly regulated.Highlights:Bisphenol-A (BPA) induces multiple toxic effects.BPA induces genotoxicity, oxidative and tissue damage.Majoon Suranjan (MS) ameliorates the BPA induced toxic effects.GC-MS profiling show various active anti-oxidant compounds in MS.MS is anti-genotoxic, anti-oxidant, and hepato-renal protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Afsar Khan
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sumbul Rehman
- Department of Ilmul Advia, AK Tibbiya College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sabiha Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - K M Yusuf Amin
- Department of Ilmul Advia, AK Tibbiya College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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3
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Carlo G, Valentina M, Daniele C, Simone S, Edlira S, Giancarlo B, Benedetto GA. The environmental and occupational influence of pesticides on male fertility: a systematic review of human studies. Andrology 2022; 10:1250-1271. [PMID: 35793270 PMCID: PMC9541307 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environment plays a key role in male infertility, changing the incidence in various populations, and pesticides are one of the most studied hazards. The use of the latter has never decreased, jeopardizing the safety of workers and the general population. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to summarize the results of studies discussing the association between pesticides and male fertility. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed through MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only human studies were considered. Semen parameters, and DNA integrity were considered to evaluate the effect of pesticides on men. RESULTS A total of 64 studies that investigated their impact in terms of semen parameters (51 studies), chromatin and DNA integrity (25 studies), were included. The most frequently affected parameters were total sperm count sperm motility and morphology, although a reduction in ejaculate volume and concentration occur in several cases. A tangible worsening of semen quality was associated with organochlorines and organophosphates. Furthermore, pesticide exposure, especially pyrethroids, was related to a higher DNA fragmentation index and chromosome aneuploidy in most articles. CONCLUSION The epidemiological evidence supports the association between pesticides and male fertility for workers and the exposed population in terms of semen quality, DNA fragmentation and chromosome aneuploidy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulioni Carlo
- "Polytechnic University of Marche Region", Department of Urology, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizi Valentina
- "Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Ancona, Italy
| | - Castellani Daniele
- "Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Department of Urology, Ancona, Italy
| | - Scarcella Simone
- "Polytechnic University of Marche Region", Department of Urology, Ancona, Italy
| | - Skrami Edlira
- "Polytechnic University of Marche Region", Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ancona, Italy
| | - Balercia Giancarlo
- "Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ancona, Italy
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4
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Singh D, Khan MA, Akhtar K, Arjmand F, Siddique HR. Apigenin alleviates cancer drug Sorafenib induced multiple toxic effects in Swiss albino mice via anti-oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 447:116072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Meléndez-Flórez MP, Valbuena DS, Cepeda S, Rangel N, Forero-Castro M, Martínez-Agüero M, Rondón-Lagos M. Profile of Chromosomal Alterations, Chromosomal Instability and Clonal Heterogeneity in Colombian Farmers Exposed to Pesticides. Front Genet 2022; 13:820209. [PMID: 35281828 PMCID: PMC8908452 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.820209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are a group of environmental pollutants widely used in agriculture to protect crops, and their indiscriminate use has led to a growing public awareness about the health hazards associated with exposure to these substances. In fact, exposure to pesticides has been associated with an increased risk of developing diseases, including cancer. In a study previously published by us, we observed the induction of specific chromosomal alterations and, in general, the deleterious effect of pesticides on the chromosomes of five individuals exposed to pesticides. Considering the importance of our previous findings and their implications in the identification of cytogenetic biomarkers for the monitoring of exposed populations, we decided to conduct a new study with a greater number of individuals exposed to pesticides. Considering the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate the type and frequency of chromosomal alterations, chromosomal variants, the level of chromosomal instability and the clonal heterogeneity in a group of thirty-four farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides in the town of Simijacá, Colombia, and in a control group of thirty-four unexposed individuals, by using Banding Cytogenetics and Molecular Cytogenetics (Fluorescence in situ hybridization). Our results showed that farmers exposed to pesticides had significantly increased frequencies of chromosomal alterations, chromosomal variants, chromosomal instability and clonal heterogeneity when compared with controls. Our results confirm the results previously reported by us, and indicate that occupational exposure to pesticides induces not only chromosomal instability but also clonal heterogeneity in the somatic cells of people exposed to pesticides. This study constitutes, to our knowledge, the first study that reports clonal heterogeneity associated with occupational exposure to pesticides. Chromosomal instability and clonal heterogeneity, in addition to reflecting the instability of the system, could predispose cells to acquire additional instability and, therefore, to an increased risk of developing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duvan Sebastián Valbuena
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Cepeda
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Nelson Rangel
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maribel Forero-Castro
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - María Martínez-Agüero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
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Sharma A, John P, Bhatnagar P. Fluoride and endosulfan together potentiate cytogenetic effects in Swiss albino mice bone marrow cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 37:68-76. [PMID: 33325330 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720979423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the cytotoxic potential of fluoride and endosulfan in combination was investigated in Swiss albino mice bone marrow cells using the chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) test systems. Fluoride (25.1 mg kg-1 body weight [bw] in water) and endosulfan (1.8 mg kg-1 bw by oral intubation) were administered orally alone and in combination (fluoride 25.1 mg kg-1 bw + endosulfan 1.8 mg kg-1 bw) to male Swiss albino mice daily for 30 days. A significant (p < 0.01) increase in micronuclei (MNs) induction and decreased ratio (p < 0.01) of polychromatic to normonochromatic erythrocytes (indicators of cytotoxicity) were observed compared with saline controls when animals were given the combination of fluoride and endosulfan. A significant (p < 0.01) increase in MNs induction and no change in the polychromatic erythrocytes to erythrocyte ratio were also observed when endosulfan was given alone. CAs such as gaps, breaks, fragments, rings, exchanges, and polyploidy were recorded in the bone marrow cells. The mean percent frequency of CAs was increased (p < 0.01) in all the treated groups compared with the control saline group. In the combination group (F + E), the percent frequencies of CAs were significantly higher (13.875%) compared with those in the individual treatment groups of fluoride (4.375%) and endosulfan (6.25%). The mitotic index was calculated as percentage of dividing cells. A significant (p < 0.01) decrease in mitotic index was observed in all treated groups compared with controls. In the combination group (F + E), mitotic index was significantly less than (p < 0.01; 4.1 ± 0.49) the saline control (10.8 ± 0.98). These results indicated that repeated intake of endosulfan through various sources in fluoride affected areas resulted in increased cytotoxic effects. The greater effect in the combination group indicated additive interaction of fluoride and endosulfan in inducing cytotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sharma
- Department of Zoology, 195703IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Placheril John
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, 29780University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pradeep Bhatnagar
- Department of Zoology, 195703IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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7
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Mishra S, Zhang W, Lin Z, Pang S, Huang Y, Bhatt P, Chen S. Carbofuran toxicity and its microbial degradation in contaminated environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127419. [PMID: 32593003 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbofuran is one of the most toxic broad-spectrum and systemic N-methyl carbamate pesticide, which is extensively applied as insecticide, nematicide and acaricide for agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes. It is extremely lethal to mammals, birds, fish and wildlife due to its anticholinesterase activity, which inhibits acetyl-cholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterse activity. In humans, carbofuran is associated with endocrine disrupting activity, reproductive disorders, cytotoxic and genotoxic abnormalities. Therefore, cleanup of carbofuran-contaminated environments is of utmost concern and urgently needs an adequate, advanced and effective remedial technology. Microbial technology (bacterial, fugal and algal species) is a very potent, pragmatic and ecofriendly approach for the removal of carbofuran. Microbial enzymes and their catabolic genes exhibit an exceptional potential for bioremediation strategies. To understand the specific mechanism of carbofuran degradation and involvement of carbofuran hydrolase enzymes and genes, highly efficient genomic approaches are required to provide reliable information and unfold metabolic pathways. This review briefly discusses the carbofuran toxicity and its toxicological impact into the environment, in-depth understanding of carbofuran degradation mechanism with microbial strains, metabolic pathways, molecular mechanisms and genetic basis involved in degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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8
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Krstev S, Knutsson A. Occupational Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:91-111. [PMID: 31360689 PMCID: PMC6619854 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. There are many occupational factors that have been suggested to cause prostate cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the evidence for causality by a literature review of occupational factors. We searched literature in Medline and SCOPUS from 1966 to June 30, 2015 to identify occupational risk factors for prostate cancer. The following risk factors were selected: farmers/agricultural workers, pesticides - whole group, and separately organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides, carbamates and triazines, cadmium, chromium, cutting fluids, acrylonitrile, rubber manufacturing, whole body vibration, shift work, flight personnel, ionizing radiation, and occupational physical activity. For each factor a literature search was performed and presented as meta-analysis of relative risk and heterogeneity (Q and I2 index). A total of 168 original studies met the inclusion criteria with 90,688 prostate cancer cases. Significantly increased risks were observed for the following occupational exposures: pesticides (metaRR = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.32; I2 = 84%), and specifically group of organochlorine pesticides (meta relative risk [metaRR] = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.03-1.14; I2 = 0%), chromium (metaRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.34; I2 = 31%), shift work (metaRR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05-1.49; I2 = 78%) and pilots (metaRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.02-1.94; I2 = 63%) and occupational physical activity in cohort studies (metaRR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.94; I2 = 0%). The literature review supports a causal association for a few of the previously suggested factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srmena Krstev
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Belgrade,
Serbia
| | - Anders Knutsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall,
Sweden
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9
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Cherif B, Triki H, Sahnoun S, Hamden K, Sallemi A, Charfi S, Lassoued S. Imipenem toxicity in male reproductive organs as a result of inflammatory microenvironment and oxidative stress in germinal cells. Toxicology 2019; 416:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Fawzy EI, El Makawy AI, El-Bamby MM, Elhamalawy HO. Improved effect of pumpkin seed oil against the bisphenol-A adverse effects in male mice. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:857-863. [PMID: 30167376 PMCID: PMC6111037 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative role of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) against potential adverse effects of bisphenol-A (BPA) in male mice. BPA was administered to the mice orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight once a day for 28 successive days. While, PSO was administered to the mice orally at 1 mL/kg b w either before, with or after treatment of BPA, once a day for 28 successive days. The studied parameters were DNA damage evaluation using comet assay in liver and testes cells and micronucleus test in bone marrow; and histopathological examination of liver and testes tissues. Results revealed that BPA induced DNA damage in tested cells and marked histopathological alterations in liver and testes. In contrast, PSO treatments alleviated DNA damage and improved the histopathological alterations in liver and testes tissues. Furthermore, administration of mice with the PSO before BPA treatment was the best regimen in the alleviation of the adverse effects of BPA, followed by administration of PSO after then with treatment of BPA. It can be concluded that PSO may has a protective role against BPA genotoxicity and histopathological alterations in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eissa I Fawzy
- Department of Environment and Bio-Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aida I El Makawy
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - M Mahmoud El-Bamby
- Department of Environment and Bio-Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H Osama Elhamalawy
- Department of Environment and Bio-Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Cui C, Zhang X, Wang Y, Lu S, Lu H, Hui Q, Ahmad W, Cai Y, Liu X, Liu L, Shi F, Liu Y, Zhao K, Zhai F, Xiang Y, Hu P, Li Y, Ren H, Jin N, Liu Z. Acute and chronic toxicity assessment of benzylpenicillin G residue in heat-treated animal food products. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:757-767. [PMID: 29605795 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current level of penicillin use and its persisting residue in livestock is potentially concerning; the toxicity of penicillin residue in heat-treated animal food products (HAFP) is yet to be elucidated. In this study, the acute and chronic toxicity of benzylpenicillin G (BPG) residue in HAFP was investigated in a mouse model. The calculated LD50 of BPG heated to cooking temperature (BPHCT) was 933.04 mg kg-1 [b.w.] intraperitoneally corresponding to 3.75 times lower than its prototype. Mice fed on the experimental diet containing heat-treated beef with high BPG levels for 6 months displayed a reduction in body weight and altered serum values indicating for liver and renal function. Further, the organ ratios of intestinal and spleen were increased. Histopathological changes were observed in the liver, lung and parenchyma testis tissue. BPHCT residue induced sperm aberration and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes formation. Present results indicate that prolonged exposure of BPHCT at higher residue levels might have an impact on public health. Importantly the toxic concentrations of BPHCT are relatively high compared with levels that would result from the degradation of antibiotic residues in meat from animals that have received a therapeutic dose of BPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Shiying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, AMMS, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, PR China
| | - Qi Hui
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products, 1616 Chuangxin Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China; Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Yan Cai
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products, 1616 Chuangxin Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, PR China
| | - Xilin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China; China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, PR China
| | - Lingjiu Liu
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products, 1616 Chuangxin Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - FeiFei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Yangzhen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Yansong Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Honglin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, AMMS, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, PR China.
| | - Zengshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, PR China.
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Mohamed HM, Aly MS. Evaluation of genotoxicity of Euphorbia triaculeata Forssk. extract on mice bone marrow cells in vivo. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:625-631. [PMID: 29854632 PMCID: PMC5977870 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents for cancer are highly toxic to healthy tissues at therapeutic doses and hence alternative medicine avenues are widely researched. Most of the studies on alternative medicine have suggested that Euphorbia plant possesses considerable antitumor and antibacterial properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the in vivo genotoxic effects of Euphorbia triaculeata extract on mice bone marrow cells using chromosomal aberration test and micronucleus assay. This study also deals with the effect of E. triaculeata on the standard drug cyclophosphamide (CP) treatment in mice. Three different doses 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight were selected. In micronucleus assay, single oral dose administration of Euphorbia triaculeata extract at the three doses did not increase the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. Similarly, a single oral administration of Euphorbia triaculeata extract showed no significant changes on mitotic indices or in induction of chromosomal aberrations in mice bone marrow cells. Pretreatment with E. triaculeata extract significantly reduced the clastogenicity of CP. Hence it can be concluded that, E. triaculeata extract showed no significant genotoxic effect on mice bone marrow cells. Under the conditions of this study, it has been demonstrated that the Euphorbia triaculeata extract is not genotoxic and not clastogenic at the concentrations used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdy Sayed Aly
- Cell Biology and Genetics Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Seth B, Yadav A, Agarwal S, Tiwari SK, Chaturvedi RK. Inhibition of the transforming growth factor-β/SMAD cascade mitigates the anti-neurogenic effects of the carbamate pesticide carbofuran. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19423-19440. [PMID: 28982980 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.798074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used carbamate pesticide carbofuran causes neurophysiological and neurobehavioral deficits in rodents and humans and therefore poses serious health hazards around the world. Previously, we reported that gestational carbofuran exposure has detrimental effects on hippocampal neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons from neural stem cells (NSC), in offspring. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for carbofuran-impaired neurogenesis remain unknown. Herein, we observed that chronic carbofuran exposure from gestational day 7 to postnatal day 21 altered expression of genes and transcription factors and levels of proteins involved in neurogenesis and the TGF-β pathway (i.e. TGF-β; SMAD-2, -3, and -7; and SMURF-2) in the rat hippocampus. We found that carbofuran increases TGF-β signaling (i.e. increased phosphorylated SMAD-2/3 and reduced SMAD-7 expression) in the hippocampus, which reduced NSC proliferation because of increased p21 levels and reduced cyclin D1 levels. Moreover, the carbofuran-altered TGF-β signaling impaired neuronal differentiation (BrdU/DCX+ and BrdU/NeuN+ cells) and increased apoptosis and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. Blockade of the TGF-β pathway with the specific inhibitor SB431542 and via SMAD-3 siRNA prevented carbofuran-mediated inhibition of neurogenesis in both hippocampal NSC cultures and the hippocampus, suggesting the specific involvement of this pathway. Of note, both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that TGF-β pathway attenuation reverses carbofuran's inhibitory effects on neurogenesis and associated learning and memory deficits. These results suggest that carbofuran inhibits NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation by altering TGF-β signaling. Therefore, we conclude that TGF-β may represent a potential therapeutic target against carbofuran-mediated neurotoxicity and neurogenesis disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brashket Seth
- From the Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Lucknow Campus, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- From the Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Lucknow Campus, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Agarwal
- From the Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Shashi Kant Tiwari
- From the Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- From the Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India, .,the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Lucknow Campus, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gonçalves V, Hazarbassanov NQ, de Siqueira A, Florio JC, Ciscato CHP, Maiorka PC, Fukushima AR, de Souza Spinosa H. Development and validation of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) for forensic Veterinary Medicine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1065-1066:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yao L, Liu L, Song S, Kuang H, Xu C. Development of indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunochromatographic strip assays for carbofuran detection in fruits and vegetables. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1309359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leijun Yao
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Immunosuppressants and Male Reproduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1034:179-210. [PMID: 29256132 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69535-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged use of immunosuppressant medications is occasionally seen in infertile men with chronic inflammatory conditions; autoimmune disorders; or an organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Chronic inflammation impacts negatively on male reproductive endpoints, so immunosuppressant therapy can produce improvements. Corticosteroids have been used to treat antisperm antibodies and even as an empirical treatment for male infertility in general. Trials of these methods have provided mixed results on semen quality and fertility, with improvement, no change and negative effects reported by different investigators. In a substantial number of observational studies, patients on long-term therapy with prednisone for chronic inflammatory disease, testosterone levels were lower compared to untreated controls, though randomized controlled trials have not been conducted. Similarly decreases in testosterone have been reported in men receiving corticosteroids to minimize transplant rejection; however, most were treated with multiple immunosuppressive medications that may have contributed to this effect. A large number of trials of healthy men treated with corticosteroids have shown some disruption in reproductive hormone levels, but other studies reported no effect. Studies in monkeys, rats (at human equivalent dose), cattle, sheep, and horses have shown endocrine disruption, including low testosterone with dexamethasone treatment. Of the cytostatic immunosuppressives, which have high potential for cellular damage, cyclophosphamide has received the most attention, sometimes lowering sperm counts significantly. Methotrexate may decrease sperm numbers in humans and has significant negative impacts in rodents. Other chemotherapeutic drugs used as immunosuppressants are likely to impact negatively on male fertility endpoints, but few data have been collected. The TNF-α Inhibitors have also received little experimental attention. There is some evidence that the immunophilin modulators: cyclosporine, sirolimus, and everolimus cause endocrine disruption and semen quality impairment. As we review in this chapter, results in experimental species are concerning, and well-designed studies are lacking for the effects of these medications on reproductive endpoints in men.
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Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activity. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 807:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Zeljezic D, Vrdoljak AL, Kopjar N, Radic B, Milkovic Kraus S. Cholinesterase-inhibiting and genotoxic effects of acute carbofuran intoxication in man: a case report. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 103:329-35. [PMID: 18699799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbofuran belongs to the group of N-methylcarbamate insecticides used for the control of soil-dwelling and foliar-feeding insects in various crops; its consumption totals approximately 20,000 tonnes per year. Although the neurological effects on human beings have been well documented, little is known on its impact on the genome. A 38-year-old, healthy male worker employed in a carbofuran production facility accidentally inhaled the dust of the active ingredient carbofuran. Thirty minutes later, he experienced weakness, fatigue, perspiration, breathing difficulties, cephalalgia, disorientation, abdominal pain and vomiting. Blood samples were taken to measure cholinesterase activity, and to perform the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus assay combined with pancentromeric probes. Analyses were repeated 72 hr after intoxication and compared with the results obtained from regular monitoring conducted 10 days prior to the accident. Cholinesterase activity showed the highest correlation with the number of apoptotic cells, comet assay tail length, and number of long-tailed nuclei, suggesting that these are the genomic end-points primarily affected by carbofuran intake. Only a weak correlation was detected for the total number of micronuclei, centromere-containing micronuclei and nuclear buds. Since those end-points increased significantly 72 hr after the accident, they could be considered as late biomarkers of the effects of carbofuran intoxication. The results of this report suggest that, in the interests of higher standards in risk assessment and health hazard protection, periodical medical examination of carbamate-exposed populations should include genotoxicity testing in addition to the assessment of cholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Zeljezic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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19
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Reprint of 'Evaluating organophosphate poisoning in human serum with paper'. Talanta 2015; 145:66-72. [PMID: 26459445 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chahal KS, Prakash A, Majeed ABA. The role of multifunctional drug therapy against carbamate induced neuronal toxicity during acute and chronic phase in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:220-229. [PMID: 26151868 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study has been designed to examine the effect of multifunctional drug therapy on carbofuran induced acute (2.187 mg/kg, s.c.) and sub-acute (0.2187 mg/kg, s.c.) neurotoxicity in male wistar rats. Drug treatment which includes nimodipine (Ca(2+) channel blocker), diazepam, ropinirole (dopamine agonist) and GSPE (antioxidant) was started 2h after carbofuran administration. Morris water maze was employed for aiming spatial memory. Narrow beam walk and rotarod were employed for testing motor functions. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, nitrite, reduced glutathione, catalase levels, and mitochondrial complexes were also estimated. Carbofuran treatment resulted in significant development of cognitive and motor functions manifested as impairment in learning and memory along with increased thiobarbituric acid reactive species, nitrite levels and decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, reduced glutathione, catalase levels, and mitochondrial complexes. The standard antidote therapy (atropine) was not able to provide neuroprotection but was able to provide symptomatic relief. The multifunctional drug therapy attenuated carbofuran induced cognitive and motor dysfunction, acetylcholinesterase activity and other biochemical parameters. The triple combination in sub-acute study may be avoided in future as two drug combinations provide adequate neuroprotection. Thus it can be concluded that standard antidotal therapy may not provide neuroprotection while the multifunctional drug therapy offers neuroprotection against carbofuran and may dramatically increase survival and life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Singh Chahal
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Atish Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India; Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Yen TH, Chen KH, Hsu MY, Fan ST, Huang YF, Chang CL, Wang YP, Cheng CM. Evaluating organophosphate poisoning in human serum with paper. Talanta 2015; 144:189-95. [PMID: 26452809 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the development and clinical testing of a paper-based, metabolic assay designed for rapid, semi-quantitative measurement of organophosphate poisoning. Paper-based platforms, including point-of-care devices and 96-well plates, provided semi-quantitative information regarding the concentration of AchE (a biomarker for organophosphate poisoning). The paper-based 96-well-plate developed and implemented in this study was used to measure the level of organophosphate poisoning in three different clinical patients. Results were comparable to those obtained using conventional hospital methods currently considered the "gold standard". This diagnostic device offers several advantages over conventional methods, including short operating time (twice as fast as conventional methods), procedure simplicity, and reduced fabrication cost. With further commercialization efforts, the methods described in this manuscript could be applied to a wide range of potential diagnostic applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yen Hsu
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Fan
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Cinar O, Semiz O, Can A. Carbofuran alters centrosome and spindle organization, and delays cell division in oocytes and mitotic cells. Toxicol Sci 2015; 144:298-306. [PMID: 25564422 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many countries banned of its usage, carbofuran (CF) is still one of the most commonly used carbamate derivative insecticides against insects and nematodes in agriculture and household, threatening the human and animal health by contaminating air, water, and food. Our goal was to evaluate the potential toxic effects of CF on mammalian oocytes besides mitotic cells. Caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway was assessed by immunofluorescence and western blot techniques. Alterations in the meiotic spindle formation after CF exposure throughout the in vitro maturation of mice oocyte-cumulus complexes (COCs) were analyzed by using a 3D confocal laser microscope. Maturation efficiency and kinetics were assessed by direct observation of the COCs. Results indicated that the number of TUNEL-positive cells increased in CF-exposed groups, particularly higher doses (>250 µM) in a dose-dependent fashion. The ratio of anticleaved caspase-3 labeled cells in those groups positively correlated with TUNEL-positivity. Western blot analysis confirmed a significant increase in active caspase-3 activity. CF caused a dose-dependent accumulation of oocytes at prometaphase-I (PM-I) of meiosis. Partial loss of spindle microtubules (MTs) was noted, which consequently gave rise to a diamond shape spindle. Aberrant pericentrin foci were noted particularly in PM-I and metaphase-I (M-I) stages. Conclusively, CF (1) induces programmed cell death in a dose-dependent manner, and (2) alters spindle morphology most likely through a mechanism that interacts with MT assembly and/or disorientation of pericentriolar proteins. Overall, data suggest that CF could give rise to aneuploidy or cell death in higher doses, therefore reduce fertilization and implantation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Cinar
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Olcay Semiz
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Can
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Singh S, Giri A, Giri S. The antimalarial agent artesunate causes sperm DNA damage and hepatic antioxidant defense in mice. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 777:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Singh S, Das Roy L, Giri S. Curcumin protects metronidazole and X-ray induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in male germ cells in mice. Prague Med Rep 2014; 114:92-102. [PMID: 23777800 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2014.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole (MTZ) is a common antiparasitic and antibacterial drug. The drug and X-ray induced effects in mouse sperm count, sperm head abnormality and some oxidative stress parameters have been studied. Simultaneously the protective role of curcumin has been evaluated. MTZ, 40 mg/kg bw and 13.4 mg/kg bw × 3 days exposure induced abnormal sperm head and reduced total sperm count in Swiss albino mice both after 24 h and 35 days of exposure. However, MTZ treatment in mice receiving X-ray irradiation (0.5 Gy) did not changed the incidence of abnormal sperm population or decrease in the total sperm count. Hepatic glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined significantly during the treatment phase with significant rise in lipid peroxidation of the tissue. The cellular changes were estimated by using lipid peroxidative indices like thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Elevated TBARS is indicative of oxidative stress in treated mice. Furthermore, curcumin pre-treatment apparently reduced the frequency of sperm head abnormality and TBARS induced by MTZ alone or in combination with X-ray and increased the levels of hepatic GSH and SOD. The additive effects of MTZ and X-ray could not be observed with regards to sperm head abnormality and total sperm count in the tested dose range although the cellular antioxidants were found to be significantly lowered and lipid peroxidantion increased. The possible role of MTZ and X-ray inducing sperm abnormality, decreased sperm count and alteration in GSH, SOD and TBARS and defensive role of curcumin have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
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Jangir BL, Mahaprabhu R, Rahangadale S, Bhandarkar AG, Kurkure NV. Neurobehavioral alterations and histopathological changes in brain and spinal cord of rats intoxicated with acrylamide. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:526-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713505893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this project was to study the clinical manifestations, neurobehavioral, hematobiochemical, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and histopathological changes during acrylamide toxicity in rats. A total of 30 adult male Wistar rats were divided in 5 equal groups and received 0, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg body weight acrylamide as oral gavage, while group 5 was micronucleus (MN) control. Functional observational battery (FOB) parameters were studied at the 28th day of post treatment. Toxicological manifestations were evident in acrylamide-treated rats from 14th day onward. FOB revealed a significant change in central nervous system, neuromuscular, and autonomic domains. The hematological changes include significant decrease in concentration of hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular volume. The biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin showed significant increase, while the levels of serum globulin and glucose were found to decrease significantly. The MN assay revealed the significant increase in frequencies of micronuclei and number of polychromatic erythrocytes. The oxidative stress parameters revealed no significant difference as compared to control rats. Histopathological changes observed in brain include neuronal degeneration, edema, and congestion, while spinal cord revealed demyelination in low-dose group and bilateral necrosis with malacia, liquefaction of white matter, and loss of myelin from gray matter in high-dose groups. The result indicates pathological alterations in brain and spinal cord and is responsible for neurobehavioral changes in rats. The FOB changes and histopathological alterations in spinal cord are in dose dependent to acrylamide intoxication. Various toxicological effects observed in experiment direct us to focus on a deep study and evaluate the possible causes pertaining to toxicity of this chemical. It would furnish the scientists with better options that would help them to search for a median path regarding the use of this chemical and take preventive measures to save the living beings from the hidden disasters of this chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Lal Jangir
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, India
| | - R Mahaprabhu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, India
| | - Santosh Rahangadale
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, India
| | - Arun G Bhandarkar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, India
| | - Nitin V Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, India
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Borkotoky D, Panda SK, Sahoo GR, Parija SC. Genotoxicity of nimesulide in Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:178-83. [PMID: 24116684 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.834357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It is mandatory for all new drugs to be tested for their potential genotoxicity in addition to general toxicity testing. Some old drugs have not been tested adequately for their genotoxic effects because these were in use before the local regulations were enforced. According to the material safety database, the toxicological effect of nimesulide is not yet fully understood. The present study therefore aimed to explore the genotoxic potential of nimesulide in Wistar albino rats. Nimesulide at the dose level of 50 (Gr-50), 100 (Gr-100) and 200 (Gr-200) mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was given orally. Each rat in treated groups (Gr-50 to Gr-200; n = 10) and negative control group (Gr-NC; n = 10) were administered orally (p.o.) with nimesulide and normal saline, respectively, for 14 days. Similarly, rats of positive control (Gr-PC; n = 10) were administered with cyclophosphamide (CPA; 20 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally. CPA served as positive control, whereas normal saline served as as negative control. Approximately 1-2 mL of blood was collected from retro-orbital sinus for comet assay and subsequently rats were sacrificed to aspirate the femoral bone marrow for the micronucleus test. Structural chromosomal aberration, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs), polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) and comet tail length were calculated using micronucleus assay and comet assay, respectively, which served as markers of genotoxicity. In the present study, it was observed that a significant increase in (1) different classified structural chromosomal aberrations with increase in nimesulide dose, such as gaps (50 mg/kg), gaps, breaks and pulverizations (100 mg/kg) and gaps, breaks, fragments, rings and pulverizations (200 mg/kg) and (2) % MnPCE and comet tail length was observed in animals treated with CPA (p < 0.001) or 200 mg of nimesulide (p < 0.05), as compared to negative control. In conclusion, nimesulide (200 mg/kg b.w.) produced a potential genotoxicity in rats.
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Soni MP, Mahajan MV, Dhumal RV, Bhagat S, Tiwari D, Gaikwad RV, Samad A, Devarajan PV, Vanage GR. Genotoxicity evaluation of asymmetric lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles of doxycycline hydrochloride following intravenous administration. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2013; 3:421-7. [PMID: 25788350 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, being small (<1,000 nm) in size, provide high surface area-to-volume ratio as compared with the bulk materials which increase the concern about their potential toxicities. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic potential of asymmetric lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles of doxycycline hydrochloride (DH lipomer) following intravenous route. DH lipomer was prepared by modified nano-precipitation method as reported earlier. Doxycyline loading was found to be 20 ± 2.5 %. Average particle size of DH lipomer and blank lipomer was 512 ± 8 and 520 ± 6 nm, respectively. Micronucleus (MN) assay was performed in adult healthy Swiss mice whereas chromosomal aberration (CA) test and comet assay were performed in healthy Holtzman rats following intravenous administration. Animals were divided into two sets, male and female, each set comprising of six groups (n = 5/group), viz., three test groups, blank lipomer (BL), vehicle control (VC), and positive control. Groups treated with 1.5 mg/kg BW DH lipomer did not show micronuclei formation in bone marrow cell, DNA damage, and CA, respectively, as compared with VC, suggesting no genotoxicity. On the other hand 3 and 6 mg/kg BW revealed significant (P > 0.001) increase in micronuclei formation, DNA damage, and chromosomal aberrations. Furthermore, BL (6 mg/kg BW) did not reveal genotoxic response in any of the tests, suggesting lipomer components as non-genotoxic. No sex-dependent variation in genotoxicity was observed. This study therefore suggests the potential safety of the proposed dose of DH lipomer at 1 mg/kg BW. An interesting highlight of the study is safety of lipomer matrix which could be exploited for other biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshkumar P Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
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Sheikh TJ, Joshi DV, Patel BJ. Protective role of Nigella sativa against experimentally induced type-II diabetic nuclear damage in Wistar rats. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2013.698-702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mladinic M, Zeljezic D, Shaposhnikov SA, Collins AR. The use of FISH-comet to detect c-Myc and TP 53 damage in extended-term lymphocyte cultures treated with terbuthylazine and carbofuran. Toxicol Lett 2012; 211:62-9. [PMID: 22445671 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Terbuthylazine and carbofuran are suspected to cause non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lung cancer. We evaluated the effects of prolonged exposure to low concentrations on primary DNA damage by comet assay, and on the structural integrity of c-Myc and TP 53 genes by FISH-comet. Another novelty in studying these pesticides' genotoxicity is the use of 14-day extended-term human lymphocyte cultures. Concentrations corresponded to values of ADI and OEL: for terbuthylazine 0.58 ng/ml and 8 ng/ml; for carbofuran 8 ng/ml and 21.6 ng/ml, respectively. A possible effect of metabolic activation (S9) was also considered. Carbofuran treatment induced a significant migration of DNA into the tail in a concentration-dependent manner, while for terbuthylazine the effect was significant only at the higher concentration. Terbuthylazine caused migration of both c-Myc signals into the comet tail. A significant occurrence of TP 53 signals in the tail was observed at 8 ng/ml. Prolonged carbofuran treatment significantly elevated the migration of a single c-Myc signal into the tail in a concentration-dependent manner. With S9, distribution of signals shifted toward increased presence of both signals in tail. Our results showed impaired structural integrity of c-Myc and TP 53 due to prolonged exposure to terbuthylazine and carbofuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Mladinic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Tiwari D, Kamble J, Chilgunde S, Patil P, Maru G, Kawle D, Bhartiya U, Joseph L, Vanage G. Clastogenic and mutagenic effects of bisphenol A: An endocrine disruptor. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 743:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lopez-Alvarez B, Torres-Palma RA, Ferraro F, Peñuela G. Solar photo-Fenton treatment of carbofuran: analysis of mineralization, toxicity, and organic by-products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:2141-2150. [PMID: 22871012 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.696029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the pesticide carbofuran (CBF) using solar photo-Fenton treatment, at both the laboratory and the pilot scale, was evaluated. At the laboratory scale, in a suntest reactor, the Fe(2+) concentration and H(2)O(2) concentration were evaluated and optimized using the surface response methodology and the Pareto diagram. Under optimal conditions experiments were performed to evaluate the evolution of the substrate removal, oxidation, subsequent mineralization, toxicity and the formation of chloride ions during the treatment. The analysis and evolution of five CBF by-products as well as several control and reactivity tests at the density functional theory level were used to depict a general scheme of the main degradation pathway of CBF via the photo-Fenton system. Finally, at the pilot scale, a sample of the commercial CBF product Furadan was eliminated after 420 min by the photo-Fenton system using direct sunlight. Under these conditions, after 900 min 89% of toxicity (1/E(50) on Vibrio fischeri bacteria), 97% of chemical oxygen demand, and 90% of dissolved organic carbon were removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blady Lopez-Alvarez
- Grupo diagnóstico y control de la contaminación, Facultad de ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Barry KH, Koutros S, Berndt SI, Andreotti G, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Burdette LA, Yeager M, Freeman LEB, Lubin JH, Ma X, Zheng T, Alavanja MCR. Genetic variation in base excision repair pathway genes, pesticide exposure, and prostate cancer risk. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1726-1732. [PMID: 21810555 PMCID: PMC3261977 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research indicates increased prostate cancer risk for pesticide applicators and pesticide manufacturing workers. Although underlying mechanisms are unknown, evidence suggests a role of oxidative DNA damage. OBJECTIVES Because base excision repair (BER) is the predominant pathway involved in repairing oxidative damage, we evaluated interactions between 39 pesticides and 394 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 31 BER genes among 776 prostate cancer cases and 1,444 male controls in a nested case-control study of white Agricultural Health Study (AHS) pesticide applicators. METHODS We used likelihood ratio tests from logistic regression models to determine p-values for interactions between three-level pesticide exposure variables (none/low/high) and SNPs (assuming a dominant model), and the false discovery rate (FDR) multiple comparison adjustment approach. RESULTS The interaction between fonofos and rs1983132 in NEIL3 [nei endonuclease VIII-like 3 (Escherichia coli)], which encodes a glycosylase that can initiate BER, was the most significant overall [interaction p-value (pinteract) = 9.3 × 10-6; FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.01]. Fonofos exposure was associated with a monotonic increase in prostate cancer risk among men with CT/TT genotypes for rs1983132 [odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for low and high use compared with no use were 1.65 (0.91, 3.01) and 3.25 (1.78, 5.92), respectively], whereas fonofos was not associated with prostate cancer risk among men with the CC genotype. Carbofuran and S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) interacted similarly with rs1983132; however, these interactions did not meet an FDR < 0.2. CONCLUSIONS Our significant finding regarding fonofos is consistent with previous AHS findings of increased prostate cancer risk with fonofos exposure among those with a family history of prostate cancer. Although requiring replication, our findings suggest a role of BER genetic variation in pesticide-associated prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hughes Barry
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20892-7240, USA.
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Barry KH, Koutros S, Andreotti G, Sandler DP, Burdette LA, Yeager M, Beane Freeman LE, Lubin JH, Ma X, Zheng T, Alavanja MCR, Berndt SI. Genetic variation in nucleotide excision repair pathway genes, pesticide exposure and prostate cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:331-7. [PMID: 22102698 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research demonstrates increased prostate cancer risk for pesticide applicators and pesticide manufacturing workers. Although underlying mechanisms are unknown, human biomonitoring studies indicate increased genetic damage (e.g. chromosomal aberrations) with pesticide exposure. Given that the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway repairs a broad range of DNA damage, we evaluated interactions between pesticide exposure and 324 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging 27 NER genes among 776 prostate cancer cases and 1444 male controls in a nested case-control study of white Agricultural Health Study pesticide applicators. We determined interaction P values using likelihood ratio tests from logistic regression models and three-level pesticide variables (none/low/high) based on lifetime days of use weighted to an intensity score. We adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. Of the 17 interactions that met FDR <0.2, 3 displayed a monotonic increase in prostate cancer risk with increasing exposure in one genotype group and no significant association in the other group. Men carrying the variant A allele at ERCC1 rs2298881 exhibited increased prostate cancer risk with high versus no fonofos use [odds ratio (OR) 2.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65-5.39; P(interact) = 3.6 × 10(-4); FDR-adjusted P = 0.11]. Men carrying the homozygous wild-type TT genotype at two correlated CDK7 SNPs, rs11744596 and rs2932778 (r(2) = 1.0), exhibited increased risk with high versus no carbofuran use (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.31-3.10 for rs11744596; P(interact) = 7.2 × 10(-4); FDR-adjusted P = 0.09). In contrast, we did not observe associations among men with other genotypes at these loci. While requiring replication, our findings suggest a role for NER genetic variation in pesticide-associated prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hughes Barry
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892-7240, USA.
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Rabbani SI, Devi K, Khanam S. Protective role of glibenclamide against nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced nuclear damage in diabetic Wistar rats. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2011; 1:18-23. [PMID: 21808586 PMCID: PMC3142752 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.64531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of glibenclamide against the experimental diabetes-induced nuclear damage in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The anti-mutagenic effect of glibenclamide (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg, p.o daily for 4 weeks) was evaluated against the nicotinamide (NA)-streptozotocin (STZ) induced type-2 diabetes mellitus using bone marrow micronucleus and sperm abnormalities tests. The antioxidant status was tested by estimating the serum levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Results: The results indicated that glibenclamide at 50 mg/kg decreased the frequency of micronuclei in erythrocytes (P < 0.05) and sperm shape abnormality (P < 0.01) besides enhancing the antioxidant status (P < 0.05) in the diabetic rats. However, glibenclamide treatment did not enhance the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes (P/N) ratio and sperm count in the diabetic condition. Conclusion: The observations indicate that the glibenclamide has anti-mutagenic potential which could be related to the antioxidant effect and might also possess anti-proliferative property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Opp. Lalbagh Main Gate, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560 027, India
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Tang Z, Xing F, Chen D, Yu Y, Yu C, Di J, Liu J. In vivo toxicological evaluation of Anisomycin. Toxicol Lett 2011; 208:1-11. [PMID: 22004851 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anisomycin is a pyrrolidine antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griseolus. Recent studies have shown that Anisomycin as a novel immunosuppressive agent is superior to Cyclosporine A (J. Immunother. 31, 858-870, 2008). In order to make toxicological evaluation of Anisomycin, acute and four-week continuously intravenous toxicity studies were performed in mice. IC(50) value tested on peripheral lymphocytes was 25.44 ng/ml. The calculated LD(50) for Anisomycin was 119.64 mg/kg. The mice were intravenously injected through mouse tail vein with a total dose of 5, 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/mice of Anisomycin every other day for 4 weeks. Just in the high-dose mice, death of three mice happened and body weight of the mice was significantly decreased. Statistically significant changes in organ index included increases in ratios of the spleen, liver, lung and brain to the body weight, and decrease in ratio of the thymus to the body weight. Changes in clinical biochemistry parameters included increases in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and decreases in the glucose (GLU) activity. The distinct inflammation appeared in the lung, liver and kidney, and the number and size of megakaryocytes in the spleen were significantly increased. Anisomycin did not induce formation of the peripheral blood micronucleus, but increased the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow and sperm aberrations. However, the above aberrant changes occurred only in the mice treated with the high-dose Anisomycin. These results indicate that although Anisomycin has no significant side effects at effectively therapeutic doses, its over-dosage may lead to toxicity, particularly pulmo-, nephro- and hepato-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengle Tang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Bairy L, Paul V, Rao Y. Reproductive toxicity of sodium valproate in male rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 42:90-4. [PMID: 20711373 PMCID: PMC2907022 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.64503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the effects of sodium valproate on rat sperm morphology, sperm count, motility, and histopathological changes in testis. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (12 week old) were treated with sodium valpraote and sacrificed at the end of 2nd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 10th and 15th week after the last exposure to sodium valproate. Epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and histopathology of testes were analyzed. Results: Sperm count and sperm motility were decreased significantly by sodium valproate. The percentage of abnormal sperms increased in a dose-dependent manner. A histopathological study revealed that sodium valproate had caused sloughing of epithelial cells in testes. Conclusion: Sodium valproate causes reversible change in sperm motility, sperm count, morphology, and cytoarchitecture of testes.
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Cao S, He X, Xu W, Ran W, Liang L, Luo Y, Yuan Y, Zhang N, Zhou X, Huang K. Safety assessment of Cry1C protein from genetically modified rice according to the national standards of PR China for a new food resource. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 58:474-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Castillo-Cadena J, Tenorio-Vieyra LE, Quintana-Carabia AI, García-Fabila MM, Ramírez-San Juan E, Madrigal-Bujaidar E. Determination of DNA damage in floriculturists exposed to mixtures of pesticides. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2006:97896. [PMID: 16883059 PMCID: PMC1559942 DOI: 10.1155/jbb/2006/97896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine possible DNA damage in
floriculturists chronically exposed to pesticides. Leukocytes from
52 workers, 46 environmentally exposed, and 38 control individuals
were evaluated with the comet assay. Serum from all individuals
was also analyzed for pesticides using gas chromatography coupled
to mass spectrometry. A statistically significant difference in
DNA fragmentation in the pesticide exposed group compared to the
other two groups (P < .001) was found. No differences between
environmentally exposed and control individuals were detected. The
statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between DNA
damage and sex, age, drinking or smoking habits, as well as years
of exposure. One or more pesticides were detected in 50% of the
floriculturists, while in the rest of the individuals, a chemical
related with the preparation of pesticides, such as additives,
plasticizers, or solvents, was found. Our study shows that chronic
exposure to pesticides produces DNA damage in floriculturists. It
also suggests that this type of monitoring could be valuable in
recommending preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Castillo-Cadena
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico
Nacional (IPN), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado
de México, México
| | | | | | | | - E. Ramírez-San Juan
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico
Nacional (IPN), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México
| | - E. Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico
Nacional (IPN), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de
Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de
Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Santo Tomás, CP 11340, México, DF, México
- *E. Madrigal-Bujaidar:
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Multinucleation of spermatozoa and spermatids in infertile men chronically exposed to carbofuran. Reprod Toxicol 2010; 29:458-60. [PMID: 20347958 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the findings encountered in semen samples coming from two infertile men chronically exposed to carbofuran. METHODS Semen samples were collected and analyzed as recommended by the World Health Organization. A morphological analysis was carried out by light microscopy. RESULTS Seminal analysis revealed in the first case a total concentration of 42 million spermatozoa/mL with 17% motility and 20% normal shape. The second patient presented a total concentration of 5 million spermatozoa/mL with 6% motility and 2% normal shape. The patients presented a similar percentage of binucleated spermatozoa (28 and 26%) and of multinucleated spermatids (10 and 6%). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first time that alterations in semen samples of men exposed to carbofuran are reported. More research in this area is needed to make conclusions on the subject.
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Sue Marty M, Singh NP, Stebbins KE, Ann Linscombe V, Passage J, Bhaskar Gollapudi B. Initial insights regarding the role of p53 in maintaining sperm DNA integrity following treatment of mice with ethylnitrosourea or cyclophosphamide. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 38:244-57. [PMID: 20124494 DOI: 10.1177/0192623309357947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
If p53 is essential to eliminate damaged spermatogenic cells, then mutagen exposure in the absence of p53 would increase sperm containing damaged DNA. p53 knockout (-/-, NULL) and wild-type (+/+, WT) mice (five/group) were exposed to ethylnitrosourea (ENU) or cyclophosphamide (CP). In phase I, mice were exposed by gavage to 0 or 60 mg/kg/day ENU or CP for four days and examined on test day (TD) 4, and in phase II, mice were exposed to 0, 6, 20, or 60 mg/kg/day ENU or CP for four days and evaluated on TD 36 when exposed spermatocytes matured. In phase I, mutagens were not directly cytotoxic to mature sperm. In phase II, WT mice were more sensitive to decreases in reproductive organ weights, whereas both genotypes had decreased sperm counts. Testicular histology revealed similar CP responses, but genotype-specific ENU responses (WT mice had depletion of elongating spermatids; NULL mice had late-stage spermatocyte/early stage spermatid loss). Ethylnitrosourea increased DNA strand breaks in WT mice. Thus, mice responded similarly to CP, suggesting a primarily p53-independent response, whereas the ENU response differed by zygosity, suggesting a role for p53. As DNA damage increased at higher ENU doses, compensatory repair pathways may operate in NULL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sue Marty
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
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Nwani C, Lakra W, Nagpure N, Kumar R, Kushwaha B, Srivastava S. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of carbosulfan in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) using micronucleus assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:202-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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More AB, Chilgunde SN, Kamble JC, Patil PS, Malshe VC, Vanage GR, Devarajan PV. Polyethylene sebacate: Genotoxicity, mutagenicity evaluation and application in periodontal drug delivery system. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:4781-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mladinic M, Perkovic P, Zeljezic D. Characterization of chromatin instabilities induced by glyphosate, terbuthylazine and carbofuran using cytome FISH assay. Toxicol Lett 2009; 189:130-7. [PMID: 19477249 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Possible clastogenic and aneugenic effects of pesticides on human lymphocytes at concentrations likely to be encountered in residential and occupational exposure were evaluated with (and without) the use of metabolic activation (S9). To get a better insight into the content of micronuclei (MN) and other chromatin instabilities, lymphocyte preparations were hybridized using pancentromeric DNA probes. Frequency of the MN, nuclear buds (NB) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) in cultures treated with glyphosate slightly increased from 3.5microg/ml onward. Presence of S9 significantly elevated cytome assay parameters only at 580microg/ml. No concentration-related increase of centromere (C+) and DAPI signals (DAPI+) was observed for glyphosate treatment. Terbuthylazine treatment showed a dose dependent increase in the number of MN without S9 significant at 0.0008microg/ml and higher. At concentration lower than 1/16 LD50 occurrence of C+MN was significantly elevated regardless of S9, but not dose related, and in the presence of S9 only NBs containing centromere signals were observed. Carbofuran treatment showed concentration-dependent increase in the number of MN. The frequency of C+MN was significant from 0.008microg/ml onward regardless of S9. Results suggest that lower concentrations of glyphosate have no hazardous effects on DNA, while terbuthylazine and carbofuran revealed a predominant aneugenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Mladinic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Zeljezic D, Vrdoljak AL, Lucas JN, Lasan R, Fucic A, Kopjar N, Katic J, Mladinic M, Radic B. Effect of occupational exposure to multiple pesticides on translocation yield and chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of plant workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:6370-6377. [PMID: 19746739 DOI: 10.1021/es900824t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Employees handling pesticides are simultaneously exposed to different active substances. Occurring multiple chemical exposures may pose a higher risk than it could be deduced from studies evaluating the effect of a single substance. This study comprised 32 pesticide plantworkers exposed to carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl, and dodine and an equal number of control subjects. Groups were matched by age (43.8 +/- 10.16 vs 41.8 +/- 7.42, respectively), sex (14 females; 18 males), and smoking (11 smokers; 21 nonsmokers). Chromosome aberration and translocation frequencies were determined using a standard aberration assay and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) by applying painting probes for chromosomes 1, 2, and 4. Although significant, an observed increase in chromatid breaks (5.2 +/- 2.49) compared to controls (2.1 +/- 0.87), p(PostHoc) = 0.000001 is biologically irrelevant. Genomic frequency of translocations was also significantly elevated (exposed 0.0165 +/- 0.0070; control 0.0051 +/- 0.0023, P(PostHoc) = 0.000004). The distribution of translocations among chromosomes 1, 2, and 4 did not differ from control subjects. It corresponded to the distribution of DNA content among selected chromosomes indicating randomness of DNA damage. A good translocation yield correlation within years spent in pesticide production indicates that multiple pesticide exposure may pose a risk to genome integrity. However, for more accurate health risk assessments, the use of probes for some other groups of chromosomes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Zeljezic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia 10000.
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Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of carbofuran and furadan® on Chinese hamster ovary (CHOK1) cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 656:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Roy LD, Mazumdar M, Giri S. Effects of low dose radiation and vitamin C treatment on chloroquine-induced genotoxicity in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2008; 49:488-495. [PMID: 18618582 DOI: 10.1002/em.20408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CHQ) is a commonly used antimalarial agent. We evaluated the genotoxic potential of CHQ using chromosome aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN), and sperm head abnormality (SA) assays in vivo in Swiss albino mice. The interaction between a low dose of radiation and CHQ, as well as the effect of vitamin C on CHQ-induced genotoxicity, was also evaluated. It was observed that CHQ induced CA, as well as MN, in the bone marrow cells under certain treatment conditions. Further, CHQ induced significant increase in the frequency of SA both at 24 hr and 21 days of the treatment. In the present study vitamin C pretreatment apparently reduced the frequency of CA, MN, and SA induced by CHQ. In the combination studies with radiation and CHQ, we found that exposure to low doses of radiation (0.5 Gy) either prior to or following CHQ treatment, in the dose ranges tested, has little or no synergistic effect in the mutagenic evaluations in somatic cells. However, radiation exposure along with CHQ treatment resulted in significant increase in the frequency of SA as compared to the groups receiving CHQ alone at 21 days of the treatment. In summary, CHQ has the potential to induce genotoxicity in mammalian cells. Further, germ cells may be relatively more sensitive as compared to the somatic cells.
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Brkić DV, Vitorović SL, Gašić SM, Nešković NK. Carbofuran in water: Subchronic toxicity to rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 25:334-341. [PMID: 21783871 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbofuran toxicity on rats was studied during subchronic exposure. Female and male rats were administered carbofuran in drinking water in concentrations of 25, 100 and 400ppm for a period of 90 days. Clinical symptoms, water consumption, body weight gain, organ weight, pathological and histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys were observed and biochemical and haematological examinations were carried out. The results obtained show that carbofuran administered to rats caused a significant decrease in water consumption as well as in brain, serum and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities. Statistically significant increases in relation to the control were found in the serum enzyme activities. The haematological data showed that carbofuran had no significant effect on Hb concentration and total RBC, but total WBC showed a significant statistical decrease. The histopathological changes in liver and kidneys were observed. However, cell regeneration in the liver and kidneys was found in all test groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica V Brkić
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31-b, P.O. Box 163, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Zeljezić D, Vrdoljak AL, Radić B, Fuchs N, Berend S, Orescanin V, Kopjar N. Comparative evaluation of acetylcholinesterase status and genome damage in blood cells of industrial workers exposed to carbofuran. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2488-98. [PMID: 17673351 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Literature data on carbofuran genotoxicity in vitro and in vivo are very scarce. There are few papers indicating that occupational exposure to this AChE inhibiting insecticide might be connected to increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lung cancer. Other authors showed its genotoxicity in vitro. We used comet and CBMN micronucleus assay combined with centromere probes to evaluate genome damage in lymphocytes of workers employed in carbofuran production. Also, the level of AChE activity in blood and plasma was measured. Only few workers exhibited AChE activity below 85%. Comet assay parameters were slightly but significantly elevated compared to control subjects, especially the long-tailed nuclei ratio. We found poor correlation between AChE activity and comet assay parameters, but significant effect of smoking and alcohol intake on the latest. In binucleated lymphocytes of workers significantly increased number of micronuclei, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges was detected. Proportion of micronuclei with centromere, DAPI signal positive micronuclei was also elevated. Micronucleus assay parameters also appeared to be significantly influenced by duration of exposure to carbofuran. Together with published data on carbofuran's effect on health our results might indicate the need for further evaluations of its genotoxicity using a range of different cytogenetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Zeljezić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Tope AM, Panemangalore M. Assessment of oxidative stress due to exposure to pesticides in plasma and urine of traditional limited-resource farm workers: formation of the DNA-adduct 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2007; 42:151-5. [PMID: 17365329 DOI: 10.1080/03601230601123276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the risk of genotoxicity caused due to oxidative stress using plasma and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in farm workers for six months during a growing season. Blood and urine samples were collected once a month for six months (June to November 2003) from farm workers (n = 15) and urban unexposed controls (n = 10). Plasma and urinary levels of 8-OHdG were evaluated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. There was no significant difference in the urinary levels of 8-OHdG between the farm workers and the control group, but there was an approximately four-fold increase in mean values of plasma 8-OHdG levels in the farm worker group (P < or = 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash M Tope
- Nutrition and Health Program, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601, USA.
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