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Zhang B, Loh V, Reid RA, Nyanhanda T, Jamalishahni T, Turrell G, Rachele JN. The moderating effects of greenspace on the association between neighbourhood disadvantage and obesity among mid-to-older aged Australian adults. Health Place 2024; 87:103263. [PMID: 38723546 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This study examined whether the association between neighbourhood disadvantage and obesity was moderated by quantity and quality of greenspace. The sample included 2848 mid-to-older aged adults residing in 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia from the HABITAT study. Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate body mass index (BMI), neighbourhood disadvantage was measured using a census-derived composite index and greenspace was measured geospatially. We found evidence of moderation by park quality: lower average BMI at higher levels of park quality was shown in the Q3 rather than the Q1 (least disadvantaged) neighbourhood disadvantage group. The findings suggest that, for reducing socioeconomic inequalities in obesity, the quality of greenspace is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiou Zhang
- College of Sport, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Australia.
| | - Venurs Loh
- College of Sport, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University and College of Sport, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Australia.
| | - Rebecca A Reid
- College of Sport, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Australia.
| | - Tafadzwa Nyanhanda
- College of Sport, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Australia.
| | | | - Gavin Turrell
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Australia.
| | - Jerome N Rachele
- College of Sport, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Australia.
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2
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Oselinsky K, Spitzer AN, Yu Y, Ortega FR, Malinin LH, Curl KA, Leach H, Graham DJ. Virtual reality assessment of walking in a modifiable urban environment: a feasibility and acceptability study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5867. [PMID: 37041163 PMCID: PMC10090125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is known to be one of the most health-beneficial behaviors, and salutogenic design modifications to the built environment can facilitate increased physical activity. Unfortunately, it is not often clear in advance which environmental and urban design implementations will generate increases in activities such as walking, and which will have little impact or even reduce walking. The present study tested the feasibility and acceptability of a virtual reality (VR) model for pre-testing urban designs for their impact on walking. Using a wearable VR head-mounted display/computer, young adults (n = 40) walked freely through a large indoor gymnasium, simultaneously walking through a virtual model of an urban streetscape that was designed to be modifiable and allow for testing impacts on walking of various changes to the urban environment. The majority of participants found the experience to be acceptable: pleasant and nonaversive, and they walked freely through the VR model for approximately 20 min, on average. Using modifiable VR models to pre-test built-environment changes for their impacts on walking behavior appears to be a feasible and acceptable approach and worthy of continued research investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Oselinsky
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Amanda N Spitzer
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Yiqing Yu
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Francisco R Ortega
- Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Laura H Malinin
- Department of Design and Merchandising, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kelly A Curl
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Heather Leach
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dan J Graham
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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3
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Examining the state, quality and strength of the evidence in the research on built environments and physical activity among adults: An overview of reviews from high income countries. Health Place 2022; 77:102874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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The association between workplace built environment and metabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Place 2022; 76:102829. [PMID: 35661515 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic health is one of the key determinants of healthy living. Specifically, maintaining healthy weight, regulation of blood pressure, lipids and glucose over the life course have been reported to be protective on chronic diseases and premature mortality. With the global workforce spending, on average, one-third of the weekly time budget in the workplace, the role of workplace environment in enhancing metabolic health becomes important. However, there has thus far been no review synthesizing evidence on the links between workplace built environment and metabolic health. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted synthesizing evidence on the associations of built environment attributes measured within the workplace neighbourhood and metabolic health. A total of 16 studies that fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria were identified via systematic search of English language peer-refereed publications up to July 2021, in six databases. A systematic coding system was developed, indicating significant findings in expected/unexpected directions including null findings, and the quality of the pooled study was assessed. The Weighted-Z test method that accounts for the study quality was used to examine the strength of evidence. RESULTS A quarter of the pooled studies were categorized to be of high quality. Among the workplace built environment attributes of access to/density of recreational facilities, street pattern, access to/density of destinations and services, and land use mix, very strong evidence was found for the association between access to/density of destinations and services and metabolic health (p < 0.001); specifically, access to full service establishments such as supermarkets, grocery stores and restaurants (p = 0.001). A relatively weak association between proximity to workplace and metabolic health (p = 0.019) was also reported. DISCUSSION Given the lack of high quality studies, overall confidence in the currently available evidence is 'low'. Well-designed longitudinal studies with rigorous measurements for exposures and outcome variables are necessary.
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Correlation between Campus-Built Environment and Physical Fitness in College Students in Xi’an—A GIS Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137948. [PMID: 35805608 PMCID: PMC9265832 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: This research aimed to investigate the correlation between students’ physical fitness and campus-built environment, which could put forward some suggestions for the construction of a campus environment. Method: Four colleges in Xi’an were regarded as special “semi-closed” spaces. Combined with ArcGIS and SPSS, the correlation between the built environment of colleges and the students’ physical fitness test results in 2019 was analyzed (n = 1498). Results: regarding the men questioned in this research, there was a significant correlation between street connectivity and vital capacity, grip strength, 50 m running, 1000 m running, a significant correlation between land use mix and vital capacity, sit-and-reach, pull-up, grip strength, a significant correlation between green space per capita and vital capacity, grip strength, 50 m running, and a significant correlation between walk score and vital capacity, pull-up, grip strength, and 50 m running. Regarding the women questioned in this research, there was a significant correlation between street connectivity and vital capacity, grip strength, 50 m running, 800 m running, curl-up, a significant correlation between land use mix and vital capacity, sit-and-reach, curl-up, grip strength, 800 m running, a significant correlation between green space per capita and vital capacity, grip strength, curl-up, sit-and-reach, and a significant correlation between walk score and vital capacity, curl-up, grip strength, and 800 m running. Conclusion: the built environment on campus can indirectly affect the physical fitness of college students. Increasing the number of intersections and short connections of campus streets, ensuring that the green space of the campus meets the standards, and reasonably arranging the site selection of buildings are conducive to improving the physical fitness of students.
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Ferrara M, Langiano E, Falese L, Diotaiuti P, Cortis C, De Vito E. Changes in Physical Activity Levels and Eating Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographic Analysis in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095550. [PMID: 35564943 PMCID: PMC9105810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced schools and universities to shift their activities online, influencing the adoption of health-related behaviours such as physical activity and healthy dietary habits. The present study investigates the changes in adherence to a healthy diet and regular physical activity in university students in Italy before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and understands the role of sociodemographic variables in creating the changes above. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional survey performing the same sampling strategy at the first data collection (T0) and second data collection (T1) with a combination of convenience and snowball sampling approaches. The sample is composed of a total of 2001 students, 60.2% women and 39.8% men, with an average age of 22.7 (±5.5 SD). At T1, 39.9% of the students reported regular physical activity. During the pandemic, however, many, especially male students, abandoned or reduced physical activity practice (T1 40%), with an increase in social media use (T0 52.1%; T1 90%). A direct association between very low frequency of physical activity and increased sedentary time (r = 0.2, p = 0.001) and between change in dietary style and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) value (r = 0.3, p = 0.002) was found. The multivariate analysis for the total sample showed that some sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, parents’ level of education, area of study, household type, and perception of one’s body influence eating behaviours and physical activity. Our findings suggest that universities should invest in the protection and promotion of the health of their students with specific awareness programmes, and further research should repeat the survey in the post-lockdown period to investigate the long-term effects on health-related behaviours.
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7
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Motomura M, Koohsari MJ, Lin CY, Ishii K, Shibata A, Nakaya T, Kaczynski AT, Veitch J, Oka K. Associations of public open space attributes with active and sedentary behaviors in dense urban areas: A systematic review of observational studies. Health Place 2022; 75:102816. [PMID: 35580456 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the context of rapid urbanization, public open spaces in dense urban areas are critical built environment elements to support active lifestyles. Several reviews have explored the associations of public open space attributes with physically active and sedentary behavior. However, few reviews have included studies from Asia, and no studies have focused on dense urban areas. This systematic review analyzed 18 observational studies investigating associations between public open space attributes with physical activity and sedentary behavior in dense urban areas of East Asian countries, including Japan, Taiwan, China, and Hong Kong. We found that closer distance to and a greater number of public open spaces and features within them were positively associated with leisure-time physical activity. Places near water features and corridors within public open spaces were associated with more sedentary behavior. These findings inform landscape and urban design guidelines for (re)designing public open spaces to support active lifestyles in high dense urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Motomura
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | | | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Andrew T Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States.
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
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8
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Xiao Y, Chen S, Miao S, Yu Y. Exploring the Mediating Effect of Physical Activities on Built Environment and Obesity for Elderly People: Evidence From Shanghai, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:853292. [PMID: 35359789 PMCID: PMC8961803 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.853292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still a scarcity of literature on the specific mechanisms of the linkage between the built environment and obesity. As a result, this study investigated whether and how physical activities mediate the associations between the objective built environment and the BMI of elderly people. To investigate the effect of the duration and intensity of physical activity on the effect of the built environment, the study made use of the bootstrap method. In general, we discovered that physical activity duration has a huge mediating effect on the elderly people in Shanghai, especially with respect to the density and accessibility of facilities (gyms, parks, fast-food restaurants) that can greatly stimulate physical activity in elderly people to reduce their BMI. There were both direct and indirect effects on their BMI, which means that the health benefits of green spaces for older people may be more complicated than first thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning and Design, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Miao
- Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Eshelby V, Sogut M, Jolly K, Vlaev I, Elliott MT. Stay home and stay active? The impact of stay-at-home restrictions on physical activity routines in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:310-322. [PMID: 34720042 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1992885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated which population groups were impacted most in terms of physical activity levels during the restrictions applied during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed UK residents, sampled through users of a rewards-for-exercise app (Sweatcoin; n = 749) and an online panel (Prolific; n = 907). Of the app users, n = 487 further provided daily step-count data collected by the app, prior to, and during the periods of restrictions in the UK between March-June 2020. Regression models were used to investigate factors associated with self-reported change in physical activity and change in daily step-count during the periods of restrictions. Significant factors associated with self-reported change in physical activity included rural residents (positive, b = 0.87, p < 0.001), relative to urban dwellers, people classed as obese (negative, b = -0.51, p = 0.008, relative to healthy weight) and gym users (negative, b = -1.10, p < 0.001, relative to walkers). All groups had reduced step counts during restrictions, with Black, Asian and minority ethnic groups showing greater reductions compared to White British ethnicity (negative, b = -0.18, p = 0.008). Targeted interventions are required to ensure that physical and mental health impacts of sedentary behaviour are not exacerbated over the long-term by significant reductions in physical activity identified in these groups particularly those who are also more vulnerable to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Eshelby
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Muhammed Sogut
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ivo Vlaev
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mark T Elliott
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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10
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Alejandre JC, Lynch M. "Kids Get in Shape with Nature": A Systematic Review Exploring the Impact of Green Spaces on Childhood Obesity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:S129-S133. [PMID: 33612581 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.s129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Green and blue spaces (GABS) are vital components of sustainable and healthy communities. Evidence suggest that GABS positively affect population health and wellbeing. However, few studies examine GABS influence on childhood obesity. This systematic review investigates the impact of GABS on childhood obesity particularly on children's physical activity and eating behavior. The search protocol identified 544 studies from PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. A two-tier screening process document using the PRISMA flow diagram identified 16 studies which underwent quality analysis using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools. Data were interpreted using thematic analysis and narrative synthesis. Selected studies show varying sociodemographic characteristics of sampled populations located in urban and rural settings. The influence of GABS on children's physical activity and eating behaviour depends on the type, location, proximity, density, facilities, and activity types that interplay with gender, ethnicity, and parent-child relationship. The review demonstrates the significant effect of GABS on children's physical activity and eating behaviour. GABS provide children with safe venues for socialisation and long, intensive, and enjoyable physical activity; and influence children's perceptions on vegetable consumption supporting healthier eating behaviour. These spaces have the potential to eradicate childhood obesity if policy, social, economic, environmental, and organisational considerations are addressed.
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11
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Falese L, Federico B, Kunst AE, Perelman J, Richter M, Rimpelä A, Lorant V. The association between socioeconomic position and vigorous physical activity among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in six European cities. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:866. [PMID: 33952232 PMCID: PMC8097935 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and adolescent physical activity is uncertain, as most evidence is limited to specific settings and a restricted number of SEP indicators. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of socioeconomic differences in adolescent vigorous physical activity (VPA) across various European countries using a wide range of SEP indicators, including family-based (education, family affluence, perceived social standing, parents’ employment, housing tenure) and adolescent-based (academic performance and pocket money) ones. Methods We used data from a survey among 10,510 students aged 14–17 from 50 schools in six European cities: Namur (BE), Tampere (FI), Hannover (DE), Latina (IT), Amersfoort (NL), Coimbra (PT). The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics and the amount of time spent in VPA. Results The mean time spent practicing VPA was 60.4 min per day, with lower values for Namur (BE) and Latina (IT), and higher values for Amersfoort (NL). In the multivariable analysis, both categories of SEP indicators (family-based and adolescent based indicators) were independently associated with VPA. For each SEP indicator, lower levels of VPA were recorded in lower socioeconomic groups. In the total sample, each additional category of low SEP was associated with a decrease in mean VPA of about 4 min per day. Conclusions This study showed that across European cities adolescent VPA is positively related to both family-based SEP and adolescents’ own SEP. When analysing socioeconomic differences in adolescent VPA, one should consider the use of multiple indicators of SEP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10791-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Falese
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via S. Angelo (Folcara), 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | - B Federico
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via S. Angelo (Folcara), 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - A E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Perelman
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Rimpelä
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Nokia, Finland
| | - V Lorant
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
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12
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Ofori Dei SM, Christensen DR, Awosoga OA, Lee BK, Jackson AC. The Relative and Interactive Effects of Actual and Perceived Gambling Exposure on Gambling Behaviour. J Gambl Stud 2021; 37:853-874. [PMID: 33481142 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-020-09991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Actual and perceptual measures of gambling exposure are important predictors of problem gambling. This study used Zero-Inflated Poisson regression analyses to assess the relative and interactive effects of actual and perceived exposure on problem gambling risk and severity. Data from the 2008 and 2009 Social and Economic Impacts of Gambling in Alberta surveys indicated actual exposure was significantly associated with problem gambling risk while perceived exposure was significantly associated with problem gambling severity. These associations differ for gamblers from emerging and mature areas. Further, actual and perceived exposure had significant interaction effects on problem gambling severity but not on risk. Implications from these findings suggest that the prevalence of problem gambling could be reduced by restrictions on gambling opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ofori Dei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - D R Christensen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada. .,Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - O A Awosoga
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - B K Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - A C Jackson
- Australian Centre for Heart Health, North Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Centre on Behavioural Health, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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13
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Wang S, Scheider S, Sporrel K, Deutekom M, Timmer J, Kröse B. What Are Good Situations for Running? A Machine Learning Study Using Mobile and Geographical Data. Front Public Health 2021; 8:536370. [PMID: 33490006 PMCID: PMC7820721 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.536370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Running is a popular form of physical activity. Personal, social, and environmental determinants influence the engagement of the individual. To get insight in the relation between running behavior and external situations for different types of users, we carried out an extensive data mining study on large-scale datasets. We combined 4 years of historical running data (collected by a mobile exercise application from over 10K participants) with weather, topographical and demographical datasets. We introduce weighted frequent item mining for the analysis of the data. In this way, we capture temporal and environmental situations that frequently associate with different running performances. The results show that specific temporal and environmental situations (hour in a day, day in a week, temperature, distance to residential areas, and population density) influence the running performance of users more than other situational features. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering on the running data is used to split runners in two clusters (with sustained and less sustained running behavior). We compared the two groups of runners and found that runners with less sustained behavior are more sensitive to the environmental situations (especially several weather and location related features, such as temperature, weather type, distance to the nearest park) than regular runners. Further analysis focused on the situational features for the less sustained runners. Results show that specific feature values correspond to a better or worse running distance. Not only the influence of individual features was examined but also the interplay between features. Our findings provide important empirical evidence that the role of external situations in the running behavior of individuals can be derived from analysis of the combined historical datasets. This opens up a large potential to take those situations specifically into consideration when supporting individuals which show less sustained behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Wang
- Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Simon Scheider
- Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Sporrel
- Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marije Deutekom
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Welfare, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joris Timmer
- Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Kröse
- Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Digital Life, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Peters M, Muellmann S, Christianson L, Stalling I, Bammann K, Drell C, Forberger S. Measuring the association of objective and perceived neighborhood environment with physical activity in older adults: challenges and implications from a systematic review. Int J Health Geogr 2020; 19:47. [PMID: 33168094 PMCID: PMC7654613 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A supportive environment is a key factor in addressing the issue of health among older adults. There is already sufficient evidence that objective and self-reported measures of the neighborhood environment should be taken into account as crucial components of active aging, as they have been shown to influence physical activity; particularly in people aged 60+. Thus, both could inform policies and practices that promote successful aging in place. An increasing number of studies meanwhile consider these exposures in analyzing their impact on physical activity in the elderly. However, there is a wide variety of definitions, measurements and methodological approaches, which complicates the process of obtaining comparable estimates of the effects and pooled results. The aim of this review was to identify and summarize these differences in order to emphasize methodological implications for future reviews and meta analyzes in this field and, thus, to create a sound basis for synthesized evidence. METHODS A systematic literature search across eight databases was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles examining the association of objective and perceived measures of the neighborhood environment and objectively measured or self-reported physical activity in adults aged ≥ 60 years. Two authors independently screened the articles according to predefined eligibility criteria, extracted data, and assessed study quality. A qualitative synthesis of the findings is provided. RESULTS Of the 2967 records retrieved, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. Five categories of methodological approaches, numerous measurement instruments to assess the neighborhood environment and physical activity, as well as several clusters of definitions of neighborhood, were identified. CONCLUSIONS The strength of evidence of the associations of specific categories of environmental attributes with physical activity varies across measurement types of the outcome and exposures as well as the physical activity domain observed and the operationalization of neighborhood. The latter being of great importance for the targeted age group. In the light of this, future reviews should consider these variations and stratify their summaries according to the different approaches, measures and definitions. Further, underlying mechanisms should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Peters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28215 Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Saskia Muellmann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28215 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lara Christianson
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28215 Bremen, Germany
| | - Imke Stalling
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Working Group Epidemiology of Demographic Change, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karin Bammann
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Working Group Epidemiology of Demographic Change, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Carina Drell
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Working Group Epidemiology of Demographic Change, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sarah Forberger
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28215 Bremen, Germany
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15
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Moran MR, Rodríguez DA, Cotinez-O'Ryan A, Miranda JJ. Park use, perceived park proximity, and neighborhood characteristics: Evidence from 11 cities in Latin America. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 105:102817. [PMID: 33012941 PMCID: PMC7490577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how park use may be associated with perceived park proximity, neighborhood-built environment and perceived social disorder in Latin American cities. The study uses self-reported data from the 2016 CAF survey, including 7,970 urban residents from 11 cities across Latin America. Results show positive graded associations between perceived park proximity and use, holding all others constant. Additional factors that were found to be associated with park use are neighborhood formality and related built-environment characteristics, including paved streets and sidewalks. Park use was mostly unrelated to perceived social disorder, with the exception of indigence, with which it is was positively associated. Stronger associations between park proximity and use were observed among those who reported higher prevalence of indigence or begging in their household block. These findings stress the importance of perceived park proximity in enhancing their use in urban Latin America, and challenge the role of social disorder and crime as a barrier for park use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika R. Moran
- Institute for Urban and Regional Development, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Daniel A. Rodríguez
- Institute for Urban and Regional Development, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrea Cotinez-O'Ryan
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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16
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Souza D, Coswig V, de Lira CAB, Gentil P. H″IT″ting the Barriers for Exercising during Social Isolation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E245. [PMID: 32847134 PMCID: PMC7565488 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is traditionally recommended to improve general health and prevent many non-communicable diseases. However, the measures adopted to control the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak culminated with closing of exercise facilities and fitness centers and, as a primary consequence, impaired aerobic exercise practice. This contributed to an increase in risk factors associated with physical inactivity such as insulin resistance, high blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, weight gain, and mental health problems. The scenario is worrisome, and it is important to propose alternatives for exercise practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interval training (IT) emerges as an exercise mode that might be feasible, low-cost, and potentially safe to be performed in many different places. IT consists of interspersing relative brief bouts of high-intensity exercise with recovery periods and promotes similar or greater health benefits when compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Among the different types of IT, sprint interval training and "Tabata protocols" might be particularly useful during social isolation. These protocols can be controlled and performed without the need of complex equipment and can be adapted to different places, including domestic environments. In this article, we present variations of IT as possible alternatives to cope physical inactivity during COVID-19 pandemics with a focus on its practical applications. The protocols suggested can be performed without the need of specialized equipment or facilities, in a time-efficient manner, and aiming to prevent detraining or even improve physical fitness and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Souza
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Victor Coswig
- College of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil;
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-020, Brazil
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17
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A Socio-Spatial Approach to Enable Inclusive Well-Being in Cities: A Case Study of Birmingham, UK. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci9060109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article examines density and deprivation, the two important parameters that define health and well-being in cities. Discussions are drawn from a case study conducted in Birmingham in four neighborhoods characterized by their different population density and deprivation levels. Data were collected through questionnaires developed from a set of subjective well-being measures and built environment audits, based on the Irvine Minnesota Inventory that evaluates the quality of streets and walkability in neighborhoods. The inferences from the study support the need for linking health, planning, policy and design research and decision-making to the socio-spatial practices of people, impacting well-being at the everyday level. The findings provide a holistic approach health and well-being research and suggests a conceptual framework for inclusive well-being in cities, which signifies the role of social and spatial parameters in determining peoples’ health and well-being. The study also highlights the lack of interdisciplinary research in understanding the association between well-being and social and behavioral practices in diverse communities.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the moderating effects of sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and psychosocial problems on the relationship between perceived gambling availability and problem gambling severity. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses of the 2008 and 2009 Social and Economic Impacts of Gambling in Alberta surveys found problem gambling severity was 1.25-1.39 times higher for those reporting gambling opportunities were 'too widely available'. Factors such as age, gender, place of residence, and psychosocial problems had significant moderating effects. Our findings indicate that the perception of gambling availability has a statistically significant impact on problem gambling severity.
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19
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Drewnowski A, Buszkiewicz J, Aggarwal A, Rose C, Gupta S, Bradshaw A. Obesity and the Built Environment: A Reappraisal. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:22-30. [PMID: 31782242 PMCID: PMC6986313 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The built environment (BE) has been viewed as an important determinant of health. Numerous studies have linked BE exposure, captured using a variety of methods, to diet quality and to area prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. First-generation studies defined the neighborhood BE as the area around the home. Second-generation studies turned from home-centric to person-centric BE measures, capturing an individual's movements in space and time. Those studies made effective uses of global positioning system tracking devices and mobile phones, sometimes coupled with accelerometers and remote sensors. Activity space metrics explored travel paths, modes, and destinations to assess BE exposure that was both person and context specific. However, as measures of the contextual exposome have become ever more fine-grained and increasingly complex, connections to long-term chronic diseases with complex etiologies, such as obesity, are in danger of being lost. Furthermore, few studies on obesity and the BE have included intermediate energy balance behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, or explored the potential roles of social interactions or psychosocial pathways. Emerging survey-based applications that identify habitual destinations and associated travel patterns may become the third generation of tools to capture health-relevant BE exposures in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - James Buszkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Anju Aggarwal
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Chelsea Rose
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Annie Bradshaw
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
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20
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Comparative Associations of Street Network Design, Streetscape Attributes and Land-Use Characteristics on Pedestrian Flows in Peripheral Neighbourhoods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101846. [PMID: 31137690 PMCID: PMC6571977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research has sufficiently documented the built environment correlates of walking. However, evidence is limited in investigating the comparative associations of micro- (streetscape features) and macro-level (street network design and land-use) environmental measures with pedestrian movement. This study explores the relative association of street-level design-local qualities of street environment-, street network configuration -spatial structure of the urban grid- and land-use patterns with the distribution of pedestrian flows in peripheral neighbourhoods. Street design attributes and ground-floor land-uses are obtained through field surveys while street network configuration is evaluated through space syntax measures. The statistical models indicate that the overall spatial configuration of street network proves to be a stronger correlate of walking than local street-level attributes while only average sidewalk width appears to be a significant correlate of walking among the streetscape measures. However, the most significant and consistent correlate of the distribution of flows is the number of recreational uses at the segment-level. This study contributes to the literature by offering insights into the comparative roles of urban design qualities of the street environment and street network layout on pedestrian movement. The findings also offer evidence-based strategies to inform specific urban design and urban master planning decisions (i.e., the provision of more generous sidewalks on streets with relatively higher directional accessibility) in creating lively, walkable environments.
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21
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Walkable Environments and Healthy Urban Moves: Urban Context Features Assessment Framework Experienced in Milan. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in public health have focused on determining the influences of the built environment on the population’s physical and mental health status. In order to promote active transport and physical activity, considered favorable behavior for the prevention non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, it is necessary to reduce the negative effects of the built environment and develop positive ones, such as, for example, a walkable urban space. The aim of the research is to define a city’s walkability assessment framework capable of highlighting points of strength and weakness in its urban environment. All of the aspects that have a direct influence (evidence-based) on fostering the adoption of healthy lifestyles or promoting active transport as a strategy to increase the level of physical activity due to the existence of daily urban travel should be considered. After conducting a literature review aimed at identifying all of the existing assessment tools, 20 research studies were examined in detail. The new evaluation method arises from the comparison and critical selection of the various qualitative–quantitative indicators found, integrated into a multi-criteria analysis structure of dual-scale survey, with reference to walkability and paying attention to those indicators that have implications on health promotion. The new assessment framework, named Milano Walkability Measurement (MWM), is applicable in different urban contexts and was tested in two different areas of Milan. The Macro dimension (i.e., Density, Diversity, and Design criteria) refers to the urban scale and examines the city from a top view. It describes quantitatively the overall urban factors (urban area size equal to 1.5 Km2; typology of data: archival). The Micro dimension (i.e., Usefulness, Safeness, Comfort, and Aesthetics criteria) investigates the city at the street scale level. It describes qualitatively features of the outdoor spaces (road length of about 500/700 mt; typology of data: observational). Finally, the framework was weighted by comparison with a panel of experts. The expected results were reflected in the design recommendations based on the collected qualitative-quantitative data. The developed assessment method brings innovative criteria such as the multi-scaling assessment phase (Macro and Micro) and the ability to take into consideration aspects that according to the literature have relationships with health promotion linked to the improvement of a healthy lifestyle, related to daily active transportation choices. The design recommendations are useful both to policy-makers, to make evidence-based specific choices, and to designers, to understand what aspects of the urban environment must be improved or implemented in order to promote a walkable city.
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22
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Mavoa S, Bagheri N, Koohsari MJ, Kaczynski AT, Lamb KE, Oka K, O'Sullivan D, Witten K. How Do Neighbourhood Definitions Influence the Associations between Built Environment and Physical Activity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091501. [PMID: 31035336 PMCID: PMC6540146 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Researchers investigating relationships between the neighbourhood environment and health first need to decide on the spatial extent of the neighbourhood they are interested in. This decision is an important and ongoing methodological challenge since different methods of defining and delineating neighbourhood boundaries can produce different results. This paper explores this issue in the context of a New Zealand-based study of the relationship between the built environment and multiple measures of physical activity. Geographic information systems were used to measure three built environment attributes-dwelling density, street connectivity, and neighbourhood destination accessibility-using seven different neighbourhood definitions (three administrative unit boundaries, and 500, 800, 1000- and 1500-m road network buffers). The associations between the three built environment measures and five measures of physical activity (mean accelerometer counts per hour, percentage time in moderate-vigorous physical activity, self-reported walking for transport, self-reported walking for recreation and self-reported walking for all purposes) were modelled for each neighbourhood definition. The combination of the choice of neighbourhood definition, built environment measure, and physical activity measure determined whether evidence of an association was detected or not. Results demonstrated that, while there was no single ideal neighbourhood definition, the built environment was most consistently associated with a range of physical activity measures when the 800-m and 1000-m road network buffers were used. For the street connectivity and destination accessibility measures, associations with physical activity were less likely to be detected at smaller scales (less than 800 m). In line with some previous research, this study demonstrated that the choice of neighbourhood definition can influence whether or not an association between the built environment and adults' physical activity is detected or not. This study additionally highlighted the importance of the choice of built environment attribute and physical activity measures. While we identified the 800-m and 1000-m road network buffers as the neighbourhood definitions most consistently associated with a range of physical activity measures, it is important that researchers carefully consider the most appropriate type of neighbourhood definition and scale for the particular aim and participants, especially at smaller scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Mavoa
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, School of Public Health, Massey University, P.O. Box 6137, Auckland 1141, New Zealand.
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Nasser Bagheri
- The Visualisation and Decision Analytics (VIDEA) lab, Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Mohammad J Koohsari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Andrew T Kaczynski
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Karen E Lamb
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
| | - David O'Sullivan
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Karen Witten
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, School of Public Health, Massey University, P.O. Box 6137, Auckland 1141, New Zealand.
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23
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Deelen I, Janssen M, Vos S, Kamphuis CBM, Ettema D. Attractive running environments for all? A cross-sectional study on physical environmental characteristics and runners' motives and attitudes, in relation to the experience of the running environment. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:366. [PMID: 30940104 PMCID: PMC6446270 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Running has become one of the most popular sports and has proven benefits for public health. Policy makers are increasingly aware that attractively designed public spaces may promote running. However, little is known about what makes a running environment attractive and restorative for runners and to what extent this depends on characteristics of the runner. This study aims to investigate 1) to what extent intrapersonal characteristics (i.e. motives and attitudes) and perceived environmental characteristics (e.g. quality of the running surface, greenness of the route, feelings of safety and hinderance by other road users) are associated with the perceived attractiveness and restorative capacity of the running environment and 2) to what extent the number of years of running experience modify these associations. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected through the online Eindhoven Running Survey 2015 (ERS15) among half marathon runners (N = 2477; response rate 26.6%). Linear regression analyses were performed for two outcomes separately (i.e. perceived attractiveness and perceived restorative capacity of the running environment) to investigate their relations with motives and attitudes, perceived environmental characteristics and interactions between perceived environmental characteristics and number of years of running experience. Results Perceived environmental characteristics, including green and lively routes and a comfortable running surface were more important for runners’ evaluation of the attractiveness and restorative capacity of the running environment than runners’ motives and attitudes. In contrast to experienced runners, perceived hinder from unleashed dogs and pedestrians positively impacted the attractiveness and restorative capacity for less experienced runners. Conclusions Perceived environmental characteristics were important determinants of the attractiveness and restorative capacity of the running environment for both novice and experienced runners. However, green and lively elements in the running environment and hinderances by cars were more important for less experienced runners. In order to keep novice runners involved in running it is recommended to design comfortable running tracks and routes and provide good access to attractive, green and lively spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Deelen
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark Janssen
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Vos
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlijn B M Kamphuis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Ettema
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Jiricka-Pürrer A, Tadini V, Salak B, Taczanowska K, Tucki A, Senes G. Do Protected Areas Contribute to Health and Well-Being? A Cross-Cultural Comparison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071172. [PMID: 30939833 PMCID: PMC6479725 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their valuable landscape and natural characteristics, protected areas (PAs) distinguish themselves from other green spaces. Studies that survey individuals on the perceived capacity of PAs to provide health benefits are very limited. However, the importance of PAs for societal health could emphasize the necessity to preserve them. In addition, studies of cross-country comparisons of nature-based activities show strong cultural differences with regard to the importance of wild nature and landscape preferences. Cross-country comparisons of the perception of PAs as a resource for personal well-being and health are lacking. An extensive survey with face-to-face questionnaires was conducted in PAs in Poland, Austria, and Italy with an overall sample size of 1390 people. It examined both emotional and physical personal well-being in the context of a stay in a PA. In general, the results showed that between the three countries, different perceptions of the capacity of PAs to contribute to personal health and well-being exist. Both diverse emotional and physical benefits were associated with a stay in a PA. Moreover, respondents from the three countries assessed the perceived capacity of a PA to reduce negative physical symptoms, such as muscular pain or tension, and negative emotional symptoms, such as depression or stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jiricka-Pürrer
- Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, BOKU Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 65, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Valeria Tadini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Boris Salak
- WSL-Eidg. Forschungsanstalt, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Karolina Taczanowska
- Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, BOKU Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 65, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrzej Tucki
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Plac Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Giulio Senes
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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25
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Pate RR, Dowda M, Dishman RK, Colabianchi N, Saunders RP, McIver KL. Change in Children's Physical Activity: Predictors in the Transition From Elementary to Middle School. Am J Prev Med 2019; 56:e65-e73. [PMID: 30655084 PMCID: PMC6380938 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interventions to promote physical activity in children should be informed by knowledge of the factors that influence physical activity behavior during critical developmental transitions. The purpose of this study is to identify, from a comprehensive, multidomain set of factors, those that are associated with change in objectively measured physical activity in children as they transition from elementary to middle school. METHODS The study used a prospective cohort design, with children observed in fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. Growth curve analyses were used to examine associations between exposure variables measured at baseline and children's physical activity across three observations. A total of 828 children, aged 10.6 (SD=0.5) years at baseline provided physical activity data in fifth grade and at one or both follow-ups. Exposure variables assessed child characteristics, parent characteristics, home characteristics, social factors, school environment, and community characteristics. Physical activity was measured via accelerometry. Data were collected in two school districts in South Carolina in 2010-2013 and analyzed in 2017. RESULTS Variables measured within the child, parent/home, and community domains were positively associated with children's physical activity as they transitioned from fifth to seventh grade. These included parent encouragement of physical activity, parental support for physical activity, child sports participation, parent's report of the child's physical activity level, the child's time spent outdoors, social spaces for physical activity in the community, and the number of physical activity facilities that were proximal to the child's home. CONCLUSIONS Interventions designed to increase children's physical activity should include strategies that target multiple domains of influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Rod K Dishman
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | | | - Ruth P Saunders
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kerry L McIver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Rahman MT, Nahiduzzaman KM. Examining the Walking Accessibility, Willingness, and Travel Conditions of Residents in Saudi Cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040545. [PMID: 30769775 PMCID: PMC6406772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid urban expansion and population growth in Saudi cities over the past four decades have increased vehicular accidents and traffic congestion and have impacted the daily walking conditions of the residents. Walking has various health and environmental benefits. In North American and European countries, three factors have been found to motivate a resident to walk within their community: their accessibility to community social and business facilities, their perception and willingness, and the safety conditions of the roads and sidewalks within their community for walking. This study examined these factors and their role in the walking habits of the residents in the neighborhoods of Doha and Dana districts in Saudi Arabia's eastern city of Dhahran. Data were collected through field observations and by randomly sampling and interviewing 200 residents. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and SPSS statistical software were used for data analysis. The results show that most of the community facilities are randomly placed in the districts. Mosques are the closest facility to each resident with an average accessibility distance of 242m. Almost 43% of the respondents prefer daily walking while the rest are hesitant due to hot weather during summer and narrow and poorly designed sidewalks. The sidewalks were also found to be blocked by trees, street signals, and illegally parked vehicles. Future studies should explore the accessibility to facilities, willingness, climate, and health conditions of the residents, and the road and sidewalk conditions for walking in other cities of the Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tauhidur Rahman
- Department of City and Regional Planning, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, KFUPM Box 5053, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kh Md Nahiduzzaman
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia (UBC)-Okanagan, 1137 Alumni Ave, Kelowna 1V1 1V7, BC, Canada.
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D’Acci L. Orientational versus esthetical urban street morphology parameterization in Space Syntax. SPATIAL COGNITION AND COMPUTATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2018.1564754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca D’Acci
- Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, and Urban Morphology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
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Farkas B, Wagner DJ, Nettel-Aguirre A, Friedenreich C, McCormack GR. Evidence synthesis - A systematized literature review on the associations between neighbourhood built characteristics and walking among Canadian adults. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2019; 39:1-14. [PMID: 30652838 PMCID: PMC6350841 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.39.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence to date suggests that the built environment has the potential to facilitate and even discourage physical activity. A limitation of previous reviews is that they have typically not been country-specific. We conducted a systematized literature review of quantitative studies that estimated associations between the built environment-which were objectively measured-and walking among Canadian adults. METHODS Five scientific databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in all years up to December 31, 2016, that estimated the association between the built environment (i.e. objectively measured using audits and Geographic Information Systems [GIS]) and physical activity among a sample of Canadian adults. The database searches, title and abstract screen, full-text review and data extraction were undertaken by two reviewers. RESULTS Of 4140 articles identified, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies included data from a single Canadian province. All but two studies were cross-sectional. Most studies captured self-reported walking for transportation and walking for any purpose. Overall walkability and land use were consistently associated with walking for transportation, while proximity to destinations was associated with walking for any purpose. CONCLUSION Our review findings suggest that the built environment is potentially important for supporting adult walking. Overall walkability, land use and proximity to destinations appear to be important given their association with transportation walking and walking for any purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenlea Farkas
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel J Wagner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alberto Nettel-Aguirre
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine Friedenreich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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A Mixed Methods Study on the Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity Associated with Residential Relocation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 2018:1094812. [PMID: 30515227 PMCID: PMC6236931 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1094812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence suggesting that neighbourhood characteristics are associated with physical activity, very few mixed methods studies investigate how relocating neighbourhood, and subsequent changes in the built environment, influences physical activity. This sequential mixed methods study estimates associations between changes in overall physical activity and transportation walking and cycling and changes in objectively assessed neighbourhood walkability (quantitative phase) and describes perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity following residential relocation (qualitative phase). During the quantitative phase, self-reported changes in transportation walking, transportation cycling, and overall physical activity following residential relocation were measured using a 5-point scale: (1) a lot less now, (2) a little less now, (3) about the same, (4) a little more now, and (5) a lot more now. Walkability improvers reported a slight increase in transportation walking (mean = 3.29, standard deviation (SD) = 0.87), while walkability decliners reported little or no perceived change in their transportation walking after relocation (mean = 2.96, SD = 1.12). This difference approached statistical significance (p=0.053). Furthermore, walkability decliners reported a slight decrease in transportation cycling (mean = 2.69, SD = 0.96), while walkability improvers reported little or no perceived change in their transportation cycling after relocation (mean = 3.02, SD = 0.84). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Change in walkability resulting from relocation was not significantly associated with perceived change in overall physical activity. Our qualitative findings suggest that moving to a neighbourhood with safe paths connecting to nearby destinations can facilitate transportation walking and cycling. Some participants describe adjusting their leisure physical activity to compensate for changes in transportation walking and cycling. Strong contributors to neighbourhood leisure physical activity included the presence of aesthetic features and availability of recreational opportunities that allow for the creation of social connections with community and family.
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Maharana A, Nsoesie EO. Use of Deep Learning to Examine the Association of the Built Environment With Prevalence of Neighborhood Adult Obesity. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1:e181535. [PMID: 30646134 PMCID: PMC6324519 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE More than one-third of the adult population in the United States is obese. Obesity has been linked to factors such as genetics, diet, physical activity, and the environment. However, evidence indicating associations between the built environment and obesity has varied across studies and geographical contexts. OBJECTIVE To propose an approach for consistent measurement of the features of the built environment (ie, both natural and modified elements of the physical environment) and its association with obesity prevalence to allow for comparison across studies. DESIGN The cross-sectional study was conducted from February 14 through October 31, 2017. A convolutional neural network, a deep learning approach, was applied to approximately 150 000 high-resolution satellite images from Google Static Maps API (application programing interface) to extract features of the built environment in Los Angeles, California; Memphis, Tennessee; San Antonio, Texas; and Seattle (representing Seattle, Tacoma, and Bellevue), Washington. Data on adult obesity prevalence were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 500 Cities project. Regression models were used to quantify the association between the features and obesity prevalence across census tracts. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Model-estimated obesity prevalence (obesity defined as body mass index ≥30, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) based on built environment information. RESULTS The study included 1695 census tracts in 6 cities. The age-adjusted obesity prevalence was 18.8% (95% CI, 18.6%-18.9%) for Bellevue, 22.4% (95% CI, 22.3%-22.5%) for Seattle, 30.8% (95% CI, 30.6%-31.0%) for Tacoma, 26.7% (95% CI, 26.7%-26.8%) for Los Angeles, 36.3% (95% CI, 36.2%-36.5%) for Memphis, and 32.9% (95% CI, 32.8%-32.9%) for San Antonio. Features of the built environment explained 64.8% (root mean square error [RMSE], 4.3) of the variation in obesity prevalence across all census tracts. Individually, the variation explained was 55.8% (RMSE, 3.2) for Seattle (213 census tracts), 56.1% (RMSE, 4.2) for Los Angeles (993 census tracts), 73.3% (RMSE, 4.5) for Memphis (178 census tracts), and 61.5% (RMSE, 3.5) for San Antonio (311 census tracts). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study illustrates that convolutional neural networks can be used to automate the extraction of features of the built environment from satellite images for studying health indicators. Understanding the association between specific features of the built environment and obesity prevalence can lead to structural changes that could encourage physical activity and decreases in obesity prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adyasha Maharana
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle
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The Independent Associations between Walk Score ® and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Waist Circumference, Waist-To-Hip Ratio and Body Mass Index Among Urban Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061226. [PMID: 29891778 PMCID: PMC6025475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Environmental and policy factors can influence weight status via facilitating or discouraging physical activity and healthy diet. Despite mixed evidence, some findings suggest that the neighborhood built environment, including “walkability”, is associated with overweight and obesity. Most of these findings have measured body mass index (BMI), yet other weight status measures including waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip (W-H) ratio are also predictive of health outcomes, independent of BMI. Our study aim was to estimate the associations between walkability, measured using Walk Score®, and each of WC, W-H ratio, and BMI among urban Canadian adults. Methods: In 2014, n = 851 adults recruited from 12 structurally and socioeconomic diverse neighborhoods (Calgary, Alberta, Canada) provided complete data on a physical activity, health and demographic questionnaire and self-reported anthropometric measures (i.e., height and weight, WC and hip circumference). Anthropometric data were used to estimate WC, W-H ratio, and BMI which were categorized into low and high risk in relation to their potential adverse effect on health. WC and BMI were also combined to provide a proxy measure of both overall and abdominal adiposity. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between each weight status outcome and Walk Score®. Results: A one-unit increase in Walk Score® was associated with lower odds of being high-risk based on WC (OR = 0.99; 95%CI 0.97⁻0.99). Notably, those residing in socioeconomically disadvantage neighborhoods had significantly higher odds of being high risk based on WC, BMI, and WC-BMI combined compared with advantaged neighborhoods. Conclusions: Interventions that promote healthy weight through the design of neighborhoods that support and enhance the effect of physical activity and diet-related interventions could have a significant population health impact.
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Mohamed R. Resident Perceptions of Neighborhood Conditions, Food Access, Transportation Usage, and Obesity in a Rapidly Changing Central City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061201. [PMID: 29880764 PMCID: PMC6025634 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of research on obesity that uses primary data and fine-grained information on neighborhoods. I use primary data for 367 participants in Detroit to examine neighborhood predictors of obesity. These data were supplemented with public data. I considered multilevel and spatial modeling, but the data lent itself best to ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions. I find that socioeconomic factors, the built environment, transportation usage, and perceptions of neighborhoods are important predictors of obesity. Importantly, litter is associated with higher levels of obesity. Planners can take measures to reduce litter and collaborate with other policy-makers to encourage less driving, though drawing direct lines of causality is complicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayman Mohamed
- Urban Studies and Planning, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Neighbourhood Built Environment Influences on Physical Activity among Adults: A Systematized Review of Qualitative Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050897. [PMID: 29724048 PMCID: PMC5981936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative studies can provide important information about how and why the built environment impacts physical activity decision-making—information that is important for informing local urban policies. We undertook a systematized literature review to synthesize findings from qualitative studies exploring how the built environment influences physical activity in adults. Our review included 36 peer-reviewed qualitative studies published from 1998 onwards. Our findings complemented existing quantitative evidence and provided additional insight into how functional, aesthetic, destination, and safety built characteristics influence physical activity decision-making. Sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status) also impacted the BE’s influence on physical activity. Our review findings reinforce the need for synergy between transportation planning, urban design, landscape architecture, road engineering, parks and recreation, bylaw enforcement, and public health to be involved in creating neighbourhood environments that support physical activity. Our findings support a need for local neighbourhood citizens and associations with representation from individuals and groups with different sociodemographic backgrounds to have input into neighbourhood environment planning process.
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Hawkesworth S, Silverwood RJ, Armstrong B, Pliakas T, Nanchalal K, Jefferis BJ, Sartini C, Amuzu AA, Wannamethee SG, Ramsay SE, Casas JP, Morris RW, Whincup PH, Lock K. Investigating associations between the built environment and physical activity among older people in 20 UK towns. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 72:121-131. [PMID: 29175864 PMCID: PMC5800350 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-209440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Policy initiatives such as WHO Age Friendly Cities recognise the importance of the urban environment for improving health of older people, who have both low physical activity (PA) levels and greater dependence on local neighbourhoods. Previous research in this age group is limited and rarely uses objective measures of either PA or the environment. Methods We investigated the association between objectively measured PA (Actigraph GT3x accelerometers) and multiple dimensions of the built environment, using a cross-sectional multilevel linear regression analysis. Exposures were captured by a novel foot-based audit tool that recorded fine-detail neighbourhood features relevant to PA in older adults, and routine data. Results 795 men and 638 women aged 69–92 years from two national cohorts, covering 20 British towns, were included in the analysis. Median time in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was 27.9 (lower quartile: 13.8, upper quartile: 50.4) minutes per day. There was little evidence of associations between any of the physical environmental domains (eg, road and path quality defined by latent class analysis; number of bus stops; area aesthetics; density of shops and services; amount of green space) and MVPA. However, analysis of area-level income deprivation suggests that the social environment may be associated with PA in this age group. Conclusions Although small effect sizes cannot be discounted, this study suggests that older individuals are less affected by their local physical environment and more by social environmental factors, reflecting both the functional heterogeneity of this age group and the varying nature of their activity spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hawkesworth
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Richard J Silverwood
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Triantafyllos Pliakas
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kiran Nanchalal
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Barbara J Jefferis
- UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, London, UK.,UCL Physical Activity Research Group, London, UK
| | - Claudio Sartini
- UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, London, UK.,UCL Physical Activity Research Group, London, UK
| | - Antoinette A Amuzu
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, UK
| | - S Goya Wannamethee
- UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, London, UK
| | - Sheena E Ramsay
- UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, London, UK
| | - Juan-Pablo Casas
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, UK
| | - Richard W Morris
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen Lock
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Smith M, Hosking J, Woodward A, Witten K, MacMillan A, Field A, Baas P, Mackie H. Systematic literature review of built environment effects on physical activity and active transport - an update and new findings on health equity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:158. [PMID: 29145884 PMCID: PMC5693449 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is mounting to suggest a causal relationship between the built environment and people's physical activity behaviours, particularly active transport. The evidence base has been hindered to date by restricted consideration of cost and economic factors associated with built environment interventions, investigation of socioeconomic or ethnic differences in intervention effects, and an inability to isolate the effect of the built environment from other intervention types. The aims of this systematic review were to identify which environmental interventions increase physical activity in residents at the local level, and to build on the evidence base by considering intervention cost, and the differential effects of interventions by ethnicity and socioeconomic status. METHODS A systematic database search was conducted in June 2015. Articles were eligible if they reported a quantitative empirical study (natural experiment or a prospective, retrospective, experimental, or longitudinal research) investigating the relationship between objectively measured built environment feature(s) and physical activity and/or travel behaviours in children or adults. Quality assessment was conducted and data on intervention cost and whether the effect of the built environment differed by ethnicity or socioeconomic status were extracted. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were included in the review. Findings showed a positive effect of walkability components, provision of quality parks and playgrounds, and installation of or improvements in active transport infrastructure on active transport, physical activity, and visits or use of settings. There was some indication that infrastructure improvements may predominantly benefit socioeconomically advantaged groups. Studies were commonly limited by selection bias and insufficient controlling for confounders. Heterogeneity in study design and reporting limited comparability across studies or any clear conclusions to be made regarding intervention cost. CONCLUSIONS Improving neighbourhood walkability, quality of parks and playgrounds, and providing adequate active transport infrastructure is likely to generate positive impacts on activity in children and adults. The possibility that the benefits of infrastructure improvements may be inequitably distributed requires further investigation. Opportunities to improve the quality of evidence exist, including strategies to improve response rates and representativeness, use of valid and reliable measurement tools, cost-benefit analyses, and adequate controlling for confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Smith
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jamie Hosking
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Alistair Woodward
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Karen Witten
- SHORE and Whāriki Research Centre, School of Public Health, Massey University, Box 6137, Wellesley Street, Auckland, PO New Zealand
| | - Alexandra MacMillan
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, PO 9054 New Zealand
| | - Adrian Field
- Dovetail Consulting Ltd, Box 78-146, Grey Lynn, Auckland, PO 1245 New Zealand
| | - Peter Baas
- Transport Engineering Research New Zealand Limited, Box 11029, Auckland, PO 1542 New Zealand
| | - Hamish Mackie
- Mackie Consulting Limited, Box 106525, Auckland, PO 1143 New Zealand
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Lenhart CM, Wiemken A, Hanlon A, Perkett M, Patterson F. Perceived neighborhood safety related to physical activity but not recreational screen-based sedentary behavior in adolescents. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:722. [PMID: 28923051 PMCID: PMC5604293 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing proportion of adolescents have poor cardiovascular health behaviors, including low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behavior, thus increasing the likelihood of poor heart health in later years. This study tested the hypothesis that low perceived neighborhood safety would be associated with low levels of physical activity and high levels of recreational sedentary behavior in high-school students. METHODS Using cross-sectional, weighted data from the 2015 Pennsylvania (USA) State and Philadelphia city Youth Risk Behavior Survey, multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to examine the association between perceived neighborhood safety, and physical activity levels and recreational screen-based sedentary behavior time respectively, while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS After adjustment for other significant correlates of physical activity, students with low perceived neighborhood safety had a 21% reduced odds of being physically active on 5 or more days of the last week as compared to those who felt safe (p = 0.044). Perceived safety was not related to sedentary behavior; but sports team participation emerged as a strong correlate of low screen-based sedentary behavior (OR = 0.73, p = .002). CONCLUSION These data add to a growing body of work demonstrating the importance of perceived safety with physical activity levels in youth. Sports team participation may be a viable target to reduce screen-based sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mackenzie Perkett
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 019 Carpenter Sports Building, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Freda Patterson
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 019 Carpenter Sports Building, Newark, DE, USA.
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Bertazzon S, Shahid R. Schools, Air Pollution, and Active Transportation: An Exploratory Spatial Analysis of Calgary, Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080834. [PMID: 28757577 PMCID: PMC5580538 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An exploratory spatial analysis investigates the location of schools in Calgary (Canada) in relation to air pollution and active transportation options. Air pollution exhibits marked spatial variation throughout the city, along with distinct spatial patterns in summer and winter; however, all school locations lie within low to moderate pollution levels. Conversely, the study shows that almost half of the schools lie in low walkability locations; likewise, transitability is low for 60% of schools, and only bikability is widespread, with 93% of schools in very bikable locations. School locations are subsequently categorized by pollution exposure and active transportation options. This analysis identifies and maps schools according to two levels of concern: schools in car-dependent locations and relatively high pollution; and schools in locations conducive of active transportation, yet exposed to relatively high pollution. The findings can be mapped and effectively communicated to the public, health practitioners, and school boards. The study contributes with an explicitly spatial approach to the intra-urban public health literature. Developed for a moderately polluted city, the methods can be extended to more severely polluted environments, to assist in developing spatial public health policies to improve respiratory outcomes, neurodevelopment, and metabolic and attention disorders in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bertazzon
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Rizwan Shahid
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2W 3N2, Canada.
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McCormack GR, McLaren L, Salvo G, Blackstaffe A. Changes in Objectively-Determined Walkability and Physical Activity in Adults: A Quasi-Longitudinal Residential Relocation Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14050551. [PMID: 28531149 PMCID: PMC5452001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Causal evidence for the built environment’s role in supporting physical activity is needed to inform land use and transportation policies. This quasi-longitudinal residential relocation study compared within-person changes in self-reported transportation walking, transportation cycling, and overall physical activity during the past 12 months among adults who did and did not move to a different neighbourhood. In 2014, a random sample of adults from 12 neighbourhoods (Calgary, AB, Canada) with varying urban form and socioeconomic status provided complete self-administered questionnaire data (n = 915). Participants, some of whom moved neighbourhood during the past 12 months (n = 95), reported their perceived change in transportation walking and cycling, and overall physical activity during that period. The questionnaire also captured residential self-selection, and sociodemographic and health characteristics. Walk Scores® were linked to each participant’s current and previous neighbourhood and three groups identified: walkability “improvers” (n = 48); “decliners” (n = 47), and; “maintainers” (n = 820). Perceived change in physical activity was compared between the three groups using propensity score covariate-adjusted Firth logistic regression (odds ratios: OR). Compared with walkability maintainers, walkability decliners (OR 4.37) and improvers (OR 4.14) were more likely (p < 0.05) to report an increase in their transportation walking since moving neighbourhood, while walkability decliners were also more likely (OR 3.17) to report decreasing their transportation walking since moving. Walkability improvers were more likely than maintainers to increase their transportation cycling since moving neighbourhood (OR 4.22). Temporal changes in neighbourhood walkability resulting from residential relocation appear to be associated with reported temporal changes in transportation walking and cycling in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Lindsay McLaren
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Grazia Salvo
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Anita Blackstaffe
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Steele J, Fisher J, Skivington M, Dunn C, Arnold J, Tew G, Batterham AM, Nunan D, O’Driscoll JM, Mann S, Beedie C, Jobson S, Smith D, Vigotsky A, Phillips S, Estabrooks P, Winett R. A higher effort-based paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health: making the case for a greater emphasis on resistance training. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:300. [PMID: 28381272 PMCID: PMC5382466 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that physical activity and exercise is associated with a lower risk of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. Further, it appears that risk reductions are greater when physical activity and/or exercise is performed at a higher intensity of effort. Why this may be the case is perhaps explained by the accumulating evidence linking physical fitness and performance outcomes (e.g. cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and muscle mass) also to morbidity and mortality risk. Current guidelines about the performance of moderate/vigorous physical activity using aerobic exercise modes focuses upon the accumulation of a minimum volume of physical activity and/or exercise, and have thus far produced disappointing outcomes. As such there has been increased interest in the use of higher effort physical activity and exercise as being potentially more efficacious. Though there is currently debate as to the effectiveness of public health prescription based around higher effort physical activity and exercise, most discussion around this has focused upon modes considered to be traditionally 'aerobic' (e.g. running, cycling, rowing, swimming etc.). A mode customarily performed to a relatively high intensity of effort that we believe has been overlooked is resistance training. Current guidelines do include recommendations to engage in 'muscle strengthening activities' though there has been very little emphasis upon these modes in either research or public health effort. As such the purpose of this debate article is to discuss the emerging higher effort paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health and to make a case for why there should be a greater emphasis placed upon resistance training as a mode in this paradigm shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Steele
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN UK
| | - James Fisher
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN UK
| | - Martin Skivington
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN UK
| | - Chris Dunn
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN UK
| | - Josh Arnold
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN UK
| | - Garry Tew
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department: Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Alan M. Batterham
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middleborough, TS1 3BA UK
| | - David Nunan
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary |Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Jamie M. O’Driscoll
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU UK
| | - Steven Mann
- UK Active Research Institute, UK Active, London, WC1R 4HE UK
| | - Chris Beedie
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU UK
- UK Active Research Institute, UK Active, London, WC1R 4HE UK
| | - Simon Jobson
- Department of Sport & Exercise, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR UK
| | - Dave Smith
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, CW1 5DU UK
| | - Andrew Vigotsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Stuart Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Paul Estabrooks
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Richard Winett
- Psychology Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
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Sullivan AN, Lachman ME. Behavior Change with Fitness Technology in Sedentary Adults: A Review of the Evidence for Increasing Physical Activity. Front Public Health 2017; 4:289. [PMID: 28123997 PMCID: PMC5225122 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is closely linked with health and well-being; however, many Americans do not engage in regular exercise. Older adults and those with low socioeconomic status are especially at risk for poor health, largely due to their sedentary lifestyles. Fitness technology, including trackers and smartphone applications (apps), has become increasingly popular for measuring and encouraging physical activity in recent years. However, many questions remain regarding the effectiveness of this technology for promoting behavior change. Behavior change techniques such as goal setting, feedback, rewards, and social factors are often included in fitness technology. However, it is not clear which components are most effective and which are actually being used by consumers. We discuss additional strategies not typically included in fitness technology devices or apps that are promising for engaging inactive, vulnerable populations. These include action planning, restructuring negative attitudes, enhancing environmental conditions, and identifying other barriers to regular physical activity. We consider which strategies are most conducive to motivating behavior change among sedentary adults. Overall, fitness technology has the potential to significantly impact public health, research, and policies. We suggest ways in which app developers and behavior change experts can collaborate to develop successful apps. Advances are still needed to help inactive individuals determine how, when, where, and with whom they can increase their physical activity.
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Mertens L, Van Dyck D, Ghekiere A, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B, Van de Weghe N, Van Cauwenberg J. Which environmental factors most strongly influence a street's appeal for bicycle transport among adults? A conjoint study using manipulated photographs. Int J Health Geogr 2016; 15:31. [PMID: 27586362 PMCID: PMC5007833 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-016-0058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micro-environmental factors (specific features within a streetscape), instead of macro-environmental factors (urban planning features), are more feasible to modify in existing neighborhoods and thus more practical to target for environmental interventions. Because it is often not possible to change the whole micro-environment at once, the current study aims to determine which micro-environmental factors should get the priority to target in physical environmental interventions increasing bicycle transport. Additionally, interaction effects among micro-environmental factors on the street’s appeal for bicycle transport will be determined. Methods In total, 1950 middle-aged adults completed a web-based questionnaire consisting of a set of 12 randomly assigned choice tasks with manipulated photographs. Seven micro-environmental factors (type of cycle path, speed limit, speed bump, vegetation, evenness of the cycle path surface, general upkeep and traffic density) were manipulated in each photograph. Conjoint analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Providing streets with a cycle path separated from motorized traffic seems to be the best strategy to increase the street’s appeal for adults’ bicycle transport. If this adjustment is not practically feasible, micro-environmental factors related to safety (i.e. speed limit, traffic density) may be more effective in promoting bicycle transport than micro-environmental factors related to comfort (i.e. evenness of the cycle path surface) or aesthetic (i.e. vegetation, general upkeep). On the other hand, when a more separated cycle path is already provided, micro-environmental factors related to comfort or aesthetic appeared to become more prominent. Conclusions Findings obtained from this research could provide advice to physical environmental interventions about which environmental factors should get priority to modify in different environmental situations. Trial registration The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ghent University Hospital. Trial registration: B670201318588. Registered at 04/10/2013. http://www.ugent.be/ge/nl/faculteit/raden/ec Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-016-0058-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieze Mertens
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane Ghekiere
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico Van de Weghe
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelle Van Cauwenberg
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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43
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Mertens L, Van Cauwenberg J, Ghekiere A, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B, Van de Weghe N, Van Dyck D. Differences in environmental preferences towards cycling for transport among adults: a latent class analysis. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:782. [PMID: 27519425 PMCID: PMC4983031 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing cycling for transport can contribute to improve public health among adults. Micro-environmental factors (i.e. small-scaled street-setting features) may play an important role in affecting the street's appeal to cycle for transport. Understanding about the interplay between individuals and their physical environment is important to establish tailored environmental interventions. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine whether specific subgroups exist based on similarities in micro-environmental preferences to cycle for transport. METHODS Responses of 1950 middle-aged adults (45-65 years) on a series of choice tasks depicting potential cycling routes with manipulated photographs yielded three subgroups with different micro-environmental preferences using latent class analysis. RESULTS Although latent class analysis revealed three different subgroups in the middle-aged adult population based on their environmental preferences, results indicated that cycle path type (i.e. a good separated cycle path) is the most important environmental factor for all participants and certainly for individuals who did not cycle for transport. Furthermore, only negligible differences were found between the importances of the other micro-environmental factors (i.e. traffic density, evenness of the cycle path, maintenance, vegetation and speed limits) regarding the two at risk subgroups and that providing a speed bump obviously has the least impact on the street's appeal to cycle for transport. CONCLUSIONS Results from the current study indicate that only negligible differences were found between the three subgroups. Therefore, it might be suggested that tailored environmental interventions are not required in this research context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieze Mertens
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelle Van Cauwenberg
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane Ghekiere
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico Van de Weghe
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
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Florian J, Roy NMSO, Quintiliani LM, Truong V, Feng Y, Bloch PP, Russinova ZL, Lasser KE. Using Photovoice and Asset Mapping to Inform a Community-Based Diabetes Intervention, Boston, Massachusetts, 2015. Prev Chronic Dis 2016; 13:E107. [PMID: 27513998 PMCID: PMC4993113 DOI: 10.5888/pcd13.160160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes self-management takes place within a complex social and environmental context. This study’s objective was to examine the perceived and actual presence of community assets that may aid in diabetes control. Methods We conducted one 6-hour photovoice session with 11 adults with poorly controlled diabetes in Boston, Massachusetts. Participants were recruited from census tracts with high numbers of people with poorly controlled diabetes (diabetes “hot spots”). We coded the discussions and identified relevant themes. We further explored themes related to the built environment through community asset mapping. Through walking surveys, we evaluated 5 diabetes hot spots related to physical activity resources, walking environment, and availability of food choices in restaurants and food stores. Results Community themes from the photovoice session were access to healthy food, restaurants, and prepared foods; food assistance programs; exercise facilities; and church. Asset mapping identified 114 community assets including 22 food stores, 22 restaurants, and 5 exercise facilities. Each diabetes hot spot contained at least 1 food store with 5 to 9 varieties of fruits and vegetables. Only 1 of the exercise facilities had signage regarding hours or services. Memberships ranged from free to $9.95 per month. Overall, these findings were inconsistent with participants’ reports in the photovoice group. Conclusion We identified a mismatch between perceptions of community assets and built environment and the objective reality of that environment. Incorporating photovoice and community asset mapping into a community-based diabetes intervention may bring awareness to underused neighborhood resources that can help people control their diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Florian
- Boston Medical Center, Section of General Internal Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Crosstown No. 2094, Boston, MA 02119.
| | - Nicole M St Omer Roy
- Boston Medical Center, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa M Quintiliani
- Boston Medical Center, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ve Truong
- Boston Medical Center, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yi Feng
- Boston Medical Center, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philippe P Bloch
- Boston University, Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zlatka L Russinova
- Boston University, Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen E Lasser
- Boston Medical Center, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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45
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Brown TC, Volberding J, Baghurst T, Sellers J. Comparing current fitness center members' perceptions of the motivational climate with non-members. Glob Health Promot 2016; 24:5-13. [PMID: 26156579 DOI: 10.1177/1757975915583478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Researchers using an achievement goal theory and caring climate framework have highlighted the connection between fitness center members' climate perceptions and their exercise motivation. However, much of what is known comes from current members, with little known about former and non-members' perceptions. The purpose of this study was to compare current, former, and non-members' perceptions of the motivational climate of a university campus fitness facility. Faculty and staff ( N = 657) at a large American university completed a one-time mixed-methods survey about their perceptions of the motivational climate (i.e. caring climate; preference for caring, task-, ego-involving climate), staff behaviors (i.e. caring, task involving), and usage of their campus fitness facility. Despite usage, quantitative analyses indicated that all participants reported valuing a caring, task-involving climate over a non-caring, ego-involving climate when choosing a fitness center. When asked about the particular fitness center for this study, current members were more likely than former and never users to perceive a caring climate where staff engaged in task-involving behaviors. Content analysis of the qualitative comments revealed that three main themes emerged with regard to perceptions and fell into positive, negative, and neutral categories. Overall, current users were more likely to perceive caring behaviors among the staff such as taking measures to welcome members and supporting their individualized goals. Former and never users were more likely to perceive staff as unhelpful, unwelcoming, and unfriendly. In an effort to remove barriers to physical activity, fitness professionals should consider how their behaviors, interactions, and promotional materials impact individuals' decision of whether to exercise at their fitness facility. The findings include a discussion for fitness staff to consider when creating advertisement and outreach efforts as well as how to foster the most effective climate to attract and retain exercisers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Sellers
- 2. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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46
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Zapata-Diomedi B, Veerman JL. The association between built environment features and physical activity in the Australian context: a synthesis of the literature. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:484. [PMID: 27277114 PMCID: PMC4898384 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence indicating that the built environment is a determinant of physical activity. However, despite the well-established health benefits of physical activity this is rarely considered in urban planning. We summarised recent Australian evidence for the association built environment-physical activity among adults. This summary aims to inform policy makers who advocate for the consideration of health in urban planning. METHODS A combination of built environment and physical activity terms were used to systematically identify relevant peer reviewed and grey literature. RESULTS A total of 23 studies were included, providing 139 tests of associations between specific built environment features and physical activity. Of the total, 84 relationships using objective measures of built environment attributes were evaluated, whereas 55 relationships using self-reported measures were evaluated. Our results indicate that walkable neighbourhoods with a wide range of local destinations to go to, as well as a diverse use of land, encourage physical activity among their residents. CONCLUSIONS This research provides a summary of recent Australian evidence on built environments that are most favourable for physical activity. Features of walkability and availability of destinations within walking distance should be accounted for in the development or redevelopment of urban areas. Our findings emphasise the importance of urban planning for health via its impact on population levels of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Zapata-Diomedi
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- Centre for Research Excellence in Healthy, Liveable Communities, c/- McCaughey VicHealth Community Wellbeing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne University, Bouverie Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - J Lennert Veerman
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Healthy, Liveable Communities, c/- McCaughey VicHealth Community Wellbeing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne University, Bouverie Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Obesity Policy and Food Systems, c/- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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47
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Barnes R, Bauman AE, Giles-Corti B, Knuiman MW, Rosenberg M, Leyden KM, Abildso CG, Reger-Nash B. Motivated to walk but nowhere to walk to: Differential effect of a mass media campaign by mix of local destinations. Prev Med Rep 2016; 2:403-5. [PMID: 26844097 PMCID: PMC4721344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Built environment attributes are associated with walking but little is known about how the impact of walking campaigns varies across different environments. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of a campaign on changes in walking between respondents with a high versus low mix of local destinations. METHODS Pre- and post-campaign data from a quasi-experimental study were used to compare changes in walking for residents aged 40-65 with high and low destination mix in a West Virginia community campaign (March-May 2005). RESULTS Overall samples consisted of 777 intervention community respondents and 388 comparison community respondents with pre- and post-campaign data. Among insufficiently active intervention respondents, those with high destination mix increased their walking by 0.64 days more than those with low mix (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the comparison community. CONCLUSION The walking response to campaigns in those insufficiently active may be influenced by neighborhood attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Barnes
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, 7/F, 2635 Laurel Street, Robert H. N. Ho Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Fax: + 1 604 675 2576.
| | - Adrian E. Bauman
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, 3010 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew W. Knuiman
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Kevin M. Leyden
- School of Political Science and Sociology, The Whitaker Institute 313 Aras Moyola National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Christiaan G. Abildso
- School of Public Health, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA
| | - Bill Reger-Nash
- School of Public Health, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA
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Mertens L, Compernolle S, Gheysen F, Deforche B, Brug J, Mackenbach JD, Lakerveld J, Oppert JM, Feuillet T, Glonti K, Bárdos H, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Perceived environmental correlates of cycling for transport among adults in five regions of Europe. Obes Rev 2016; 17 Suppl 1:53-61. [PMID: 26879113 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regular cycling for transport is an important potential contributor to daily physical activity among adults. Characteristics of the physical environment are likely to influence cycling for transport. The current study investigated associations between perceived physical environmental neighbourhood factors and adults' cycling for transport across five urban regions across Europe, and whether such associations were moderated by age, gender, education and urban region. A total of 4,612 adults from five European regions provided information about their transport-related cycling and their neighbourhood physical environmental perceptions in an online survey. Hurdle models adjusted for the clustering within neighbourhoods were performed to estimate associations between perceived physical environmental neighbourhood factors and odds of engaging in cycling for transport and minutes of cycling for transport per week. Inhabitants of neighbourhoods that were perceived to be polluted, having better street connectivity, having lower traffic speed levels and being less pleasant to walk or cycle in had higher levels of cycling for transport. Moderation analyses revealed only one interaction effect by gender. This study indicates that cycling for transport is associated with a number of perceived physical environmental neighbourhood factors across five urban regions across Europe. Our results indicated that the majority of the outcomes identified were valid for all subgroups of age, gender, education and across regions in the countries included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mertens
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Compernolle
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Gheysen
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Deforche
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Brug
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J-M Oppert
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - T Feuillet
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - K Glonti
- ECOHOST - The Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - H Bárdos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - I De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of a balance training program developed in public parks on functionality and general state of health in elderly women. It was a randomized controlled trial. Women older than 65 years (n = 28; 68.5 ± 2.9) participated in a balance training program that lasted 6 weeks, with sessions taking place twice a week (12 exercises/session, 50 min). Balance was analyzed by the Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up & Go Test. The generic health status was measured by the SF-12 Health Survey. These tests showed statistically significant differences in the experimental group (p < .05). Public parks are adequate installations for developing balance.
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50
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Winters M, Barnes R, Venners S, Ste-Marie N, McKay H, Sims-Gould J, Ashe MC. Older adults' outdoor walking and the built environment: does income matter? BMC Public Health 2015; 15:876. [PMID: 26359159 PMCID: PMC4566863 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our aim was to examine the association between Street Smart Walk Score® and self-reported outdoor walking among older Canadians, and to determine whether socioeconomic status modifies this association. Methods We linked objective walkability data with cross-sectional survey data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Healthy-Aging 2008–2009 Cycle for a sample of 1309 British Columbians aged ≥ 65 years. We examined associations between Street Smart Walk Score and meeting physical activity guidelines (≥150 min of moderate to vigorous activity/week) through self-reported outdoor walking using multivariable logistic regression, and tested for significant interactions with household income. Results A ten point higher Street Smart Walk Score was associated with a 17 % higher odds of meeting physical activity guidelines through walking outside (95 % CI: 1.07,1.27). In addition, older adults living in neighbourhoods categorised as Walker’s Paradise were over three times more likely to meet guidelines than those living in Car-dependent/Very car dependent neighbourhoods. We found no evidence that household income moderated the effect of Walk Score on walking outside. Conclusions Neighbourhood design may be one avenue whereby physical activity levels of older people can be enhanced through outdoor walking, with benefit across socioeconomic strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Winters
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Rm 11522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - R Barnes
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Rm 11522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Scott Venners
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Rm 11522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - N Ste-Marie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Rm 11522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - H McKay
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - J Sims-Gould
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - M C Ashe
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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