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Sandré F, Moilleron R, Morin C, Garrigue-Antar L. Comprehensive analysis of a widely pharmaceutical, furosemide, and its degradation products in aquatic systems: Occurrence, fate, and ecotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123799. [PMID: 38527585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Many pharmaceutical compounds end up in the environment due to incomplete removal by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Some compounds are sometimes present in significant concentrations and therefore represent a risk to the aquatic environment. Furosemide is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Considered as an essential drug by the World Health Organization, this powerful loop diuretic is used extensively to treat hypertension, heart and kidney failure and many other purposes. However, this important consumption also results in a significant release of furosemide in wastewater and in the receiving environment where concentrations of a few hundred ng/L to several thousand have been found in the literature, making furosemide a compound of great concern. Also, during its transport in wastewater systems and WWTPs, furosemide can be degraded by various processes resulting in the production of more than 74 by-products. Furosemide may therefore present a significant risk to ecosystem health due not only to its direct cytotoxic, genotoxic and hepatotoxic effects in animals, but also indirectly through its transformation products, which are poorly characterized. Many articles classify furosemide as a priority pollutant according to its occurrence in the environment, its persistence, its elimination by WWTPs, its toxicity and ecotoxicity. Here, we present a state-of-the-art review of this emerging pollutant of interest, tracking it, from its consumption to its fate in the aquatic environment. Discussion points include the occurrence of furosemide in various matrices, the efficiency of many processes for the degradation of furosemide, the subsequent production of degradation products following these treatments, as well as their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidji Sandré
- Leesu, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France
| | - Régis Moilleron
- Leesu, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France
| | - Christophe Morin
- Leesu, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France; IUT - Sénart Fontainebleau, 36 Rue Georges Charpak, 77567, Lieusaint, France
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Ramspoth TF, Flapper J, van den Berg KJ, Feringa BL, Harutyunyan SR. A highly efficient and sustainable catalyst system for terminal epoxy-carboxylic acid ring opening reactions. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2024; 26:3346-3355. [PMID: 38505506 PMCID: PMC10948088 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc04301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The nucleophilic ring opening of epoxides by carboxylic acids is an indispensable transformation for materials science and coating technologies. Due to this industrial significance, improvements in operational energy consumption and catalyst sustainability are highly desirable for this transformation. Herein, an efficient, environmentally benign and non-toxic halide free cooperative catalyst system based on an iron(iii) benzoate complex and guanidinium carbonate is reported. The novel catalyst system shows improved activity over onium halide catalysts under neat conditions and in several solvents, including anisole and nBuOAc. Detailed mechanistic studies using FeCl3/DMAP as a catalyst revealed the importance of a carboxylate bridged cationic trinuclear μ3-oxo iron cluster and guanidinium carbonate or DMAP as a carboxylate reservoir due to its superior activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tizian-Frank Ramspoth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Advanced Research Center Chemical Building Blocks Consortium (ARC CBBC), University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jitte Flapper
- Department Resin Technology, AkzoNobel Car Refinishes BV 2171 AJ Sassenheim The Netherlands
| | - Keimpe J van den Berg
- Department Resin Technology, AkzoNobel Car Refinishes BV 2171 AJ Sassenheim The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Advanced Research Center Chemical Building Blocks Consortium (ARC CBBC), University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Advanced Research Center Chemical Building Blocks Consortium (ARC CBBC), University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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Bozari S. In vitro Genotoxicity and In silico Docking Analyses of the Essential Oils of Thuja orientalis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301643. [PMID: 38072835 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Two main objectives were pursued to assess the reliability of Thuja orientalis essential oils (TOEO). The first objective was to extract TOEO, analyze them by GC-MS, and determine their in vitro genotoxicity against selected plants using the RAPD-PCR method. The second objective was to evaluate the in-silico toxicity of TOEO. The binding sites and energies of each content was calculated against B-DNA. In-silico analyses were performed using a simulation program, AutoDock Vina, and Toxicity Estimation Software Tools. 3-carene, cedrol, and 2-pinene were identified as the predominant components. In vitro studies showed that the TOEO had a more significant impact on reducing genomic stability in wheat compared to the amaranth. The lowest stability was determined as 39.78 % in wheat and 53.58 % in amaranth. Cedrol (-5,7 kcal/mol) and selinene (-5,6 kcal/mol) exhibited the highest binding affinity. The toxicity test indicated that components other than cyclohexene may have toxic effects, none of them were predicted to be mutagenic, and LD50 (mol/kg) values could vary between 1.33 and 1.55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Bozari
- Muş Alparslan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 49250, Mus, Türkiye
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Mirza Alizadeh A, Hosseini H, Hosseini MJ, Hassanzadazar H, Hashempour-Baltork F, Zamani A, Mohseni M. Melamine in Iranian foodstuffs: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment of infant formula. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114854. [PMID: 37018855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of melamine in food is one of the most significant threats to consumer health and food safety now confronting the communities. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the melamine content of different food products available on the Iranian market. The pooled melamine concentration (95% confidence interval) on 484 samples of animal-based foodstuffs was as follows: 0.22 (0.08, 0.36 mg kg-1) for milk, 0.39 (0.25, 0.53 mg kg-1) for coffee mate, 1.45 (1.36, 1.54 mg kg-1) for dairy cream, 0.90 (0.50, 1.29 mg kg-1) for yoghurt, 1.25 (1.20, 1.29 mg kg-1) for cheese, 0.81 (-0.16, 1.78 mg kg-1) for hen eggs, 1.28 (1.25, 1.31 mg kg-1) for poultry meat, 0.58 (0.35, 0.80 mg kg-1) for chocolates, and 0.98 (0.18, 1.78 mg kg-1) for infant formula. Based on the results of health risk assessment study on toddlers under 2 years old who ingested infant formula (as a melamine-sensitive group), all groups of toddlers are at an acceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (THQ ≤ 1). Toddlers were classified according to their ILCR (carcinogenic risk) levels due to infant formula consumption as follows: under 6 months (0.0000056), 6-12 months (0.0000077), 12-18 months (0.0000102), and 18-24 months (0.0000117). The melamine carcinogenicity in infant formula for children had an ILCR value of 0.000001-0.0001 in the investigation, which was considerable risk. According to the findings, Iranian food products (notably infant formula) should be analyzed for melamine contamination on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hassan Hassanzadazar
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbasali Zamani
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Food and Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Taş NG, Kocadağlı T, Gökmen V. Safety concerns of processed foods in terms of neo-formed contaminants and NOVA classification. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Heydarian‐Dehkordi N, Saei‐Dehkordi SS, Izadi Z, Ghasemi‐Varnamkhasti M. Development of an ultrasensitive molecularly imprinted poly‐(ortho‐phenylenediamine) based sensor for the determination of melamine adulteration in milk and infant formula. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3154-3164. [PMID: 36171792 PMCID: PMC9469849 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive molecularly imprinted poly‐(ortho‐phenylenediamine) electrochemical sensor was fabricated for selective melamine detection in milk and infant formula. The pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified by deposition of Au nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on its surface. The fabrication of the electrode in various stages was monitored using cyclic voltammetry. The immobilized RGO, MIP, and gold nanoparticles on the PGE surface were morphologically characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Under the optimized conditions, the linear range and the limit of detection (LOD) were 10–17–10–8 M and 2.64 × 10–16 M (S/N = 3), respectively. The prepared sensor exhibited a good reproducibility and repeatability response. The recovery range of melamine‐spiked milk and infant formula was 92.7%–103.9% and 93.5%–105.8%, respectively. The sensor could apply successfully for melamine determination in milk and infant formula samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Heydarian‐Dehkordi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Seyyed Siavash Saei‐Dehkordi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Zahra Izadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems Faculty of Agriculture Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghasemi‐Varnamkhasti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems Faculty of Agriculture Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
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‘Teratoid’ Hepatoblastoma: An Intriguing Variant of Mixed Epithelial-Mesenchymal Hepatoblastoma. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9040565. [PMID: 35455609 PMCID: PMC9024637 DOI: 10.3390/children9040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver neoplasms are quite rare in childhood. They often involve 6.7 cases per 10 million children aged 18 years or younger. Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most frequent tumor, but this neoplasm’s rarity points essentially to the difficulty of performing biologic studies and large-scale therapeutic trials. On the pathological ground, HB is separated into an entirely epithelial neoplasm or a mixed neoplasm with epithelial and mesenchymal components. This last category has been further subdivided into harboring teratoid features or not. The ‘teratoid’ HB includes a mixture of components with heterologous origin. The heterologous components include neuroectoderm, endoderm, or melanin-holding cells with or without mesenchymal components. The most important criterium for the teratoid component is neuroepithelium, melanin, and, more recently, a yolk-sac-like component and neuroendocrine components. The mesenchymal components include muscle, osteoid, and cartilage, which are most often observed mainly in ‘teratoid’ neoplasms. The teratoid component or mesenchymal components are diagnosed with biopsies. They appear more prominent after chemotherapy due to the response and shrinkage of epithelial elements and non- or low-responsive components of mixed HB. This review focuses on the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of HB with teratoid features.
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Khan A, Feulefack J, Sergi CM. Pre-conceptional and prenatal exposure to pesticides and pediatric neuroblastoma. A meta-analysis of nine studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103790. [PMID: 34954124 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is primarily an embryonal tumor of infancy. Recently, some toxicological agents used as pesticides have been associated with an increased incidence of this tumor. We intended to determine the potential association between prenatal exposure to pesticides and the incidence of neuroblastoma in children. Studies targeting the link between neuroblastoma and pesticides were searched in PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar from January 1, 1960, through December 2020. We performed a PRISMA-based systematic review and meta-analysis. In addition, we took into consideration the IARC evaluation on pesticides issued in recent monographs. Prenatal pesticide exposure is associated with an increased risk of neuroblastoma with an OR of 1.6 (1.1-2.3; p = 0.013), while the OR is 1.0 (0.8-1.3; p = 0.723) for pesticide exposure after birth. There is a significant association between prenatal pesticide exposure and neuroblastoma. We emphasize the IARC conclusions evaluating the carcinogenicity of diazinon, glyphosate, malathion, parathion, and tetrachlorvinphos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiza Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Joseph Feulefack
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Consolato M Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Stollery Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, China.
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Khan A, Feulefack J, Sergi CM. Exposure to pesticides and pediatric Wilms’ tumor. A meta-analysis on pre-conception and pregnancy parental exposure with an IARC/WHO commentary. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221136211. [DOI: 10.1177/09603271221136211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background There are hereditary types of nephroblastoma or Wilms’ tumor associated with exposure of the germ cells of either parent to harmful environmental factors. Some studies have examined the exposure of compounds used pesticides and herbicides as a risk factor for Wilms’ tumor. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out on case-control studies to establish the potential link between exposure to these organic molecules and Wilms’ tumor occurrence in children rigorously. We examined the monographs on some organo-phosphate insecticides and herbicides issued by the International Association for the Research on Cancer (IARC) under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO). PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar studies (1960–2021) were identified and systematically reviewed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Subgroup analyses were conducted after stratification for occupational versus residential exposure and before birth (prenatal) vs. after birth (postnatal) exposure. In addition, we revised the monographs on chemical compounds issued recently by the IARC/WHO. Results Our findings seem to consolidate that parental pesticide exposure during the preconception or pregnancy period is correlated with an increased occurrence risk for Wilms’ tumor. We confirm the validity of the WHO essays on certain organophosphate herbicides and insecticides, which support these compounds, may be highly relevant in future cancer prevention policies. Conclusion Parental exposure to pesticides, particularly in household settings, is poorly emphasized in our society. There is a strong association between these organophosphate compounds and pediatric cancer. Public health agencies may need to take stronger action than in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Feulefack
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - CM Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Feulefack J, Khan A, Forastiere F, Sergi CM. Parental Pesticide Exposure and Childhood Brain Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Confirming the IARC/WHO Monographs on Some Organophosphate Insecticides and Herbicides. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121096. [PMID: 34943292 PMCID: PMC8700205 DOI: 10.3390/children8121096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Brain tumors are the second most common neoplasm in the pediatric age. Pesticides may play an etiologic role, but literature results are conflicting. This review provides a systematic overview, meta-analysis, and IARC/WHO consideration of data on parental exposure to pesticides and childhood brain tumors. Methods: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar for literature (1 January 1966–31 December 2020) that assessed childhood brain tumors and parental exposure to pesticides. We undertook a meta-analysis addressing prenatal exposure, exposure after birth, occupational exposure, and residential exposure. A total of 130 case-control investigations involving 43,598 individuals (18,198 cases and 25,400 controls) were included. Results: Prenatal exposure is associated with childhood brain tumors (odds ratio, OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17–1.49; I2 = 41.1%). The same occurs after birth exposure (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03–1.45, I2 = 72.3%) and residential exposure to pesticides (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.11–1.54, I2 = 67.2%). Parental occupational exposure is only marginally associated with CBT (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.99–1.38, I2 = 67.0%). Conclusions: There is an association between CBT and parental pesticides exposure before childbirth, after birth, and residential exposure. It is in line with the IARC Monograph evaluating the carcinogenicity of diazinon, glyphosate, malathion, parathion, and tetrachlorvinphos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Feulefack
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
- Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Aiza Khan
- Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service of Lazio, 00147 Rome, Italy;
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
- Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-7600 (ext. 2427); Fax: +1-613-738-4837
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Chen CC, Tsai YC, Wang YH, Wu CF, Chiu YW, Hwang SJ, Liu CC, Hsieh TJ, Wu MT. Melamine exposure threshold in early chronic kidney disease patients - A benchmark dose approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106652. [PMID: 34034116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental melamine exposure has been associated with deteriorating kidney function in early-stage chronic kidney disease patients. In this study, a benchmark dose (BMD) approach was used to establish melamine exposure threshold in 293 patients with eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The patients were enrolled 2006-2010 and followed-up for a median of 7.0 years to monitor kidney outcomes. Average daily intakes (AvDI) of melamine were estimated using one-spot urine samples collected at enrollment. BMDs and corresponding one-sided 95% lower bound (BMDLs) were derived using established dose-response models relating estimated AvDIs and dichotomous kidney outcomes: doubling of serum creatine levels, eGFR decreased > 3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, and >30% decline in eGFR during the first 2 years. In addition, survival time to doubling of serum creatinine and eGFR decline over time were assessed as continuous endpoints. Given a benchmark response of 0.10, BMDLs ranged from 0.74 to 2.03 μg/kg_bw/day after Bayesian model averaging, a range one to two orders lower than the current WHO recommended tolerable daily intake of 200 μg/kg_bw/day and the US FDA's 63 μg/kg_bw/day. Our results suggest that early-stage CKD patients should strictly refrain from using melamine tableware and related melamine-made products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chih Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Faculty of Renal Care, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Han Wang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; International Master Program of Translational Medicine, National United University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Liu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
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Monien BH, Bergau N, Hogervorst JGF, Nawrot TS, Trefflich I, Weikert C, Abraham K. Detection of a Hemoglobin Adduct of the Food Contaminant Furfuryl Alcohol in Humans: Levels of N-((Furan-2-yl)methyl)-valine in Two Epidemiological Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100584. [PMID: 34652883 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Furfuryl alcohol is a heat-induced food contaminant, classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The proximal carcinogen 2-sulfoxymethylfuran leads to adduct formation in DNA and proteins (e.g., N-((furan-2-yl)methyl)-Val (FFA-Val) in hemoglobin). METHODS AND RESULTS This study analyzed human erythrocyte samples from two studies for the presence of FFA-Val: the Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet study (RBVD; 72 adults) and the ENVIRonmental influence ON early AGEing birth cohort study (ENVIRONAGE; 100 mother-newborn pairs). In the RBVD study, FFA-Val levels are lower in vegans compared to omnivores (median 13.0 vs 15.8 pmol g-1 hemoglobin, p = 0.008), and lower in non-smokers compared to smokers (median 14.1 vs 17.0 pmol g-1 hemoglobin, p = 0.003). In the birth cohort, FFA-Val levels are distinctly higher in maternal compared to newborn samples (median 15.2 vs 2.2 pmol g-1 hemoglobin, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FFA-Val, hitherto detected only in blood samples of mice, is quantifiable in all human samples, indicating a general exposure to furfuryl alcohol. The low adduct levels in blood samples from newborn children suggested that the placenta is a barrier to furfuryl alcohol. Dietary habits and tobacco smoking are two main influencing factors on the formation of FFA-Val, which may be of use as a biomarker of exposure to furfuryl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard H Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Nick Bergau
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Janneke G F Hogervorst
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Iris Trefflich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
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13
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Surendran S, Qassadi F, Surendran G, Lilley D, Heinrich M. Myrcene-What Are the Potential Health Benefits of This Flavouring and Aroma Agent? Front Nutr 2021; 8:699666. [PMID: 34350208 PMCID: PMC8326332 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.699666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrcene (β-myrcene) is an abundant monoterpene which occurs as a major constituent in many plant species, including hops and cannabis. It is a popular flavouring and aroma agent (food additive) used in the manufacture of food and beverages. This review aims to report on the occurrence, biological and toxicological profile of β-myrcene. The main reported biological properties of β-myrcene-anxiolytic, antioxidant, anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, analgesic properties-are discussed, with the mechanisms of activity. Here we also discuss recent data regarding the safety of β-myrcene. Overall, β-myrcene has shown promising health benefits in many animal studies. However, studies conducted in humans is lacking. In the future, there is potential for the formulation and production of non-alcoholic beers, functional foods and drinks, and cannabis extracts (low in THC) rich in β-myrcene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelini Surendran
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Fatimah Qassadi
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Schmiech M, Ulrich J, Lang SJ, Büchele B, Paetz C, St-Gelais A, Syrovets T, Simmet T. 11-Keto-α-Boswellic Acid, a Novel Triterpenoid from Boswellia spp. with Chemotaxonomic Potential and Antitumor Activity against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020366. [PMID: 33445710 PMCID: PMC7828217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellic acids, and particularly 11-keto-boswellic acids, triterpenoids derived from the genus Boswellia (Burseraceae), are known for their anti-inflammatory and potential antitumor efficacy. Although boswellic acids generally occur as α-isomers (oleanane type) and β-isomers (ursane type), 11-keto-boswellic acid (KBA) was found only as the β-isomer, β-KBA. Here, the existence and natural occurrence of the respective α-isomer, 11-keto-α-boswellic acid (α-KBA), is demonstrated for the first time. Initially, α-KBA was synthesized and characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and a highly selective, sensitive, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed by Design of Experiments (DoE) using a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase. This method allowed the selective quantification of individual 11-keto-boswellic acids and provided evidence for α-KBA in Boswellia spp. oleogum resins. The contents of α-KBA as well as further boswellic acids and the composition of essential oils were used to chemotaxonomically classify 41 Boswellia oleogum resins from 9 different species. Moreover, α-KBA exhibited cytotoxicity against three treatment-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines in vitro and also induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 xenografts in vivo. The respective β-isomer and the acetylated form demonstrate higher cytotoxic efficacies against TNBC cells. This provides further insights into the structure-activity relationship of boswellic acids and could support future developments of potential anti-inflammatory and antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Judith Ulrich
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Sophia Johanna Lang
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Berthold Büchele
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | | | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65604 (T.S.); +49-731-500-65600 (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65604 (T.S.); +49-731-500-65600 (T.S.)
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Albouchi A, Murkovic M. Investigation on the mitigation effects of furfuryl alcohol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and their carboxylic acid derivatives in coffee and coffee-related model systems. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109444. [PMID: 33233124 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitigation of furfuryl alcohol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 2-furoic acid, and 5-hydroxymethyl 2-furoic acid was conducted in two dry model systems mimicking coffee and an actual coffee system by incorporating 14 chemicals, that are categorized to phenolic acids, flavonoids, non-phenolic antioxidants, and non-antioxidant agents. Mitigation effects were determined as the decrease in the levels of the studied furan derivatives after the systems went through a controlled roasting process. Strong mitigation effects in the dry model systems were observed after the application of phenolic acids, quinic acid or EDTA. The mitigation effects of phenolic acids and flavonoids depended on the number and availability of phenolic hydroxyl groups. Certain agents exhibited a furan derivative-specific reducing effect while most of them showed a generalized effect. The mitigation efficacy decreased with the increasing complexity of the tested systems. In the coffee system, mitigation effects were almost completely lost in comparison with dry model systems. Still, taurine and sodium sulfite exerted the strongest mitigation effect in the coffee system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullatif Albouchi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10-12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Murkovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10-12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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16
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Rana MS, Xu L, Cai J, Vedarethinam V, Tang Y, Guo Q, Huang H, Shen N, Di W, Ding H, Huang L, Qian K. Zirconia Hybrid Nanoshells for Nutrient and Toxin Detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003902. [PMID: 33107195 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring milk quality is of fundamental importance in food industry, because of the nutritional value and resulting position of milk in daily diet. The detection of small nutrients and toxins in milk is challenging, considering high sample complexity and low analyte abundance. In addition, the slow analysis and tedious sample preparation hinder the large-scale application of conventional detection techniques. Herein, zirconia hybrid nanoshells are constructed to enhance the performance of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS). Zirconia nanoshells with the optimized structures and compositions are used as matrices in LDI MS and achieve direct analysis of small molecules from 5 nL of native milk in ≈1 min, without any purification or separation. Accurate quantitation of small nutrient is achieved by introducing isotope into the zirconia nanoshell-assisted LDI MS as the internal standard, offering good consistency to biochemical analysis (BCA) with R2 = 0.94. Further, trace toxin is enriched and identified with limit-of-detection (LOD) down to 4 pm, outperforming the current analytical methods. This work sheds light on the personalized design of material-based tool for real-case bioanalysis and opens up new opportunities for the simple, fast, and cost-effective detection of various small molecules in a broad field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sohel Rana
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Vadanasundari Vedarethinam
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjia Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Nan Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- China-Australia Centre for Personalized Immunology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, 518040, P. R. China
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen Di
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Huihua Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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Zheng G, Salamova A. Are Melamine and Its Derivatives the Alternatives for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Fabric Treatments in Infant Clothes? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10207-10216. [PMID: 32662267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and melamine (MEL)-based compounds are used in textile finishing as grease, stain, and water repellents. Here, we investigated the occurrence of a large suite of PFAS and MEL compounds in 86 infant clothing items. The ∑MEL concentrations ranged from below the method detection limit to 250,000 ng/g with a median concentration of 78.2 ng/g, significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the ∑PFAS levels (1.22-203 ng/g; median 3.62 ng/g). MEL and its derivatives were most abundant in nylon clothes (median 32,800 ng/g), followed by organic cotton (median 6120 ng/g). In a simulated laundering experiment, the ∑MEL concentrations in clothing decreased on an average by ∼60 and 90% when washed in cool (20 °C) and warm (50 °C) water, respectively. This removal rate increased to 97% when the samples were washed with a detergent. The estimated daily intakes of MEL and PFAS through dermal absorption from nylon clothes were three orders of magnitude higher than those from the non-nylon clothes and decreased by more than half for washed clothes. Our findings demonstrate that MEL-based compounds are abundant in infant clothing and suggest that this group of compounds could be used as potential PFAS replacements in textile finishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomao Zheng
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 Unites States
| | - Amina Salamova
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 Unites States
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18
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Lachenmeier DW, Teipel J, Scharinger A, Kuballa T, Walch SG, Grosch F, Bunzel M, Okaru AO, Schwarz S. Fully Automated Identification of Coffee Species and Simultaneous Quantification of Furfuryl Alcohol Using NMR Spectroscopy. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:306-314. [PMID: 33241277 DOI: 10.1093/jaocint/qsz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee is a popular beverage with two species, Coffea canephora and C. arabica, being commercially exploited. The quality and commercial value of coffee is dependent on species and processing. C. arabica typically obtains a higher price on the market compared to C. canephora. Coffee beans undergo roasting during processing, resulting in the formation of flavor compounds including furfuryl alcohol which has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify coffee species and other properties using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, specifically to conduct quantification of the roasting process contaminant furfuryl alcohol. METHOD The quantification of furfuryl alcohol was performed from the NMR spectra using the pulse length-based concentration (PULCON) methodology. Prior to NMR analysis, samples were extracted using deuterated chloroform. RESULTS Roasting experiments identified the maximum roasting temperature to be the most significant factor in the formation of furfuryl alcohol. Among the coffee species, C. canephora was found to contain a relatively lower amount of furfuryl alcohol compared to C. arabica. The roasting of wet processed coffee resulted in higher contents of furfuryl alcohol. Geographical origin and variety within species had no influence on the furfuryl alcohol content. CONCLUSION Validation results show that NMR spectroscopy is fit-for-purpose to obtain targeted information of coffee samples. HIGHLIGHTS The PULCON NMR methodology allows a simple, rapid and accurate determination of constituents of coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Teipel
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Scharinger
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuballa
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan G Walch
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Franziska Grosch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Bioscience, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Bioscience, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alex O Okaru
- University of Nairobi, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 19676-00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steffen Schwarz
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Straße 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
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19
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Yamada T, Toyoda T, Matsushita K, Morikawa T, Ogawa K. Dose dependency of γ-H2AX formation in the rat urinary bladder treated with genotoxic and nongenotoxic bladder carcinogens. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1219-1227. [PMID: 32203627 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that immunostaining for γ-H2AX, a biomarker of DNA damage, in the rat urinary bladder is useful for early detection of bladder carcinogens in 28-day toxicity studies. Here, we aimed to examine the dose dependency of γ-H2AX formation in the urinary bladder of rats. Male F344 rats (aged 6 weeks) were orally administered N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN; 0%, 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.02%, or 0.05% in drinking water), a genotoxic bladder carcinogen, and melamine (0%, 0.3%, 1.0%, or 3.0% in the diet), a nongenotoxic bladder carcinogen, for 2 days or 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that γ-H2AX- and Ki67-positive epithelial cells in the bladder urothelium were significantly increased, with a clear dose dependency, in both BBN- and melamine-treated groups. Additionally, γ-H2AX formation was detected from the lower-dose group, without increased Ki67 expression or histopathologic findings. The ratios of γ-H2AX-positive cells at week 4 in both BBN- and melamine-treated groups were higher than those on day 2, indicating the time-dependent increase in γ-H2AX formation. Immunofluorescence double-staining revealed that γ-H2AX single-positive cells without Ki67 expression were often found in the urothelium of BBN-treated rats, whereas most γ-H2AX-positive cells were Ki67-positive in the melamine group. Our results demonstrated that γ-H2AX formation in the urinary bladder increased in a clear dose-dependent manner and that γ-H2AX immunostaining has the potential to detect bladder carcinogens after a 2-day administration. Furthermore, the association of genotoxic mechanisms in bladder carcinogenesis could be determined by analyzing the colocalization of γ-H2AX and Ki67 in the urothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Yamada
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Morikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
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Validation of a Quantitative Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Screening Method for Coffee Quality and Authenticity (NMR Coffee Screener). Foods 2020; 9:foods9010047. [PMID: 31947906 PMCID: PMC7023380 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring coffee quality as a means of detecting and preventing economically motivated fraud is an important aspect of international commerce today. Therefore, there is a compelling need for rapid high throughput validated analytical techniques such as quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for screening and authenticity testing. For this reason, we sought to validate an 1H NMR spectroscopic method for the routine screening of coffee for quality and authenticity. A factorial experimental design was used to investigate the influence of the NMR device, extraction time, and nature of coffee on the content of caffeine, 16-O-methylcafestol (OMC), kahweol, furfuryl alcohol, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in coffee. The method was successfully validated for specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, and linearity of detector response. The proposed method produced satisfactory precision for all analytes in roasted coffee, except for kahweol in canephora (robusta) coffee. The proposed validated method may be used for routine screening of roasted coffee for quality and authenticity control (i.e., arabica/robusta discrimination), as its applicability was demonstrated during the recent OPSON VIII Europol-Interpol operation on coffee fraud control.
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Rosales-Calderon O, Arantes V. A review on commercial-scale high-value products that can be produced alongside cellulosic ethanol. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:240. [PMID: 31624502 PMCID: PMC6781352 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The demand for fossil derivate fuels and chemicals has increased, augmenting concerns on climate change, global economic stability, and sustainability on fossil resources. Therefore, the production of fuels and chemicals from alternative and renewable resources has attracted considerable and growing attention. Ethanol is a promising biofuel that can reduce the consumption of gasoline in the transportation sector and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock to produce bioethanol (cellulosic ethanol) because of its abundance and low cost. Since the conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol is complex and expensive, the cellulosic ethanol price cannot compete with those of the fossil derivate fuels. A promising strategy to lower the production cost of cellulosic ethanol is developing a biorefinery which produces ethanol and other high-value chemicals from lignocellulose. The selection of such chemicals is difficult because there are hundreds of products that can be produced from lignocellulose. Multiple reviews and reports have described a small group of lignocellulose derivate compounds that have the potential to be commercialized. Some of these products are in the bench scale and require extensive research and time before they can be industrially produced. This review examines chemicals and materials with a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of at least 8, which have reached a commercial scale and could be shortly or immediately integrated into a cellulosic ethanol process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rosales-Calderon
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, Lorena, SP CEP 12602-810 Brazil
| | - Valdeir Arantes
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, Lorena, SP CEP 12602-810 Brazil
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Lach AA, Morris HL, Martins JA, Stace ET, Carr AJ, Mouthuy PA. Pyridine as an additive to improve the deposition of continuous electrospun filaments. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214419. [PMID: 31022203 PMCID: PMC6483168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun filaments are leading to a new generation of medical yarns that have the ability to enhance tissue healing through their biophysical cues. We have recently developed a technology to fabricate continuous electrospun filaments by depositing the submicron fibres onto a thin wire. Here we investigate the influence of pyridine on the fibre deposition. We have added pyridine to polydioxanone solutions at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 ppm, increasing the conductivity of the solutions almost linearly from 0.04 uS/cm to 7 uS/cm. Following electrospinning, this led to deposition length increasing from 1 cm to 14 cm. The samples containing pyridine easily underwent cold drawing. The strength of drawn filaments increased from 0.8 N to 1.5 N and this corresponded to a decrease in fibre diameter, with values dropping from 2.7 μm to 1 μm. Overall, these findings are useful to increase the reliability of the manufacturing process of continuous electrospun filaments and to vary their biophysical properties required for their application as medical yarns such as surgical sutures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina A. Lach
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley L. Morris
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joana A. Martins
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T. Stace
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Carr
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Barul C, Carton M, Radoï L, Menvielle G, Pilorget C, Woronoff AS, Stücker I, Luce D. Occupational exposure to petroleum-based and oxygenated solvents and oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk in men: A population-based case-control study in France. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 59:22-28. [PMID: 30658217 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between occupational exposure to petroleum-based and oxygenated solvents and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. METHODS The ICARE study is a large population-based case-control study conducted in France between 2001 and 2007. This present analysis was restricted to men and included 350 and 543 cases of squamous cell-carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx, respectively, and 2780 controls. Lifetime tobacco, alcohol consumption and complete occupational history were assessed through detailed questionnaires. Job-exposure matrices allowed us to assess occupational exposure to five petroleum-based solvents (white spirits; diesel/fuel oils/kerosene; gasoline; benzene; special petroleum products) and five oxygenated solvents (diethyl ether; tetrahydrofuran; ketones and esters; alcohols; ethylene glycol). Odds-ratios (ORs), adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic models. RESULTS Associations between oral cancer risk and exposure to white spirits and diesel/fuel oils/kerosene were suggested, but there was no exposure-response trend. Concerning exposure to oxygenated solvents, participants with the highest levels of cumulative exposure to diethyl ether had a significant excess risk of oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 7.78, 95%CI 1.42 to 42.59; p for trend = 0.04). Ever exposure to tetrahydrofuran was associated with a borderline significant increased risk of oral cancer (OR = 1.87, 95%CI 0.97 to 3.61), but no exposure-response trend was observed. Additional adjustments for exposure to other solvents did not substantially change the results. CONCLUSION Our results do not provide evidence for a major role of petroleum-based and oxygenated solvents in the occurrence of oral and oropharyngeal cancers in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Barul
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S, 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
| | - Matthieu Carton
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, DRCI, Département de Biométrie, Paris, France.
| | - Loredana Radoï
- CESP, Cancer and Environment team, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Faculty of dental surgery, University Paris Descartes, France.
| | - Gwenn Menvielle
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Department of social epidemiology, F75012, Paris, France.
| | - Corinne Pilorget
- The French Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France; Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Ifsttar, UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, Lyon, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Woronoff
- Doubs and Belfort Territory Cancer Registry, Univ Hosp of Besançon, F-25000, Besançon France; French network of Cancer registries (Francim), F-31000, Toulouse France.
| | - Isabelle Stücker
- CESP, Cancer and Environment team, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Danièle Luce
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S, 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
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Potential Antagonistic Effects of Acrylamide Mitigation during Coffee Roasting on Furfuryl Alcohol, Furan and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. TOXICS 2018; 7:toxics7010001. [PMID: 30577687 PMCID: PMC6468383 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The four heat-induced coffee contaminants—acrylamide, furfuryl alcohol (FA), furan and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)—were analyzed in a collective of commercial samples as well as in Coffea arabica seeds roasted under controlled conditions from very light Scandinavian style to very dark Neapolitan style profiles. Regarding acrylamide, average contents in commercial samples were lower than in a previous study in 2002 (195 compared to 303 µg/kg). The roasting experiment confirmed the inverse relationship between roasting degree and acrylamide content, i.e., the lighter the coffee, the higher the acrylamide content. However, FA, furan and HMF were inversely related to acrylamide and found in higher contents in darker roasts. Therefore, mitigation measures must consider all contaminants and not be focused isolatedly on acrylamide, specifically since FA and HMF are contained in much higher contents with lower margins of exposure compared to acrylamide.
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Monien BH, Sachse B, Meinl W, Abraham K, Lampen A, Glatt H. Hemoglobin adducts of furfuryl alcohol in genetically modified mouse models: Role of endogenous sulfotransferases 1a1 and 1d1 and transgenic human sulfotransferases 1A1/1A2. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:173-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dosoky NS, Setzer WN. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Curcuma Species. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1196. [PMID: 30200410 PMCID: PMC6164907 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Curcuma L. have been used in traditional medicine for centuries for treating gastrointestinal disorders, pain, inflammatory conditions, wounds, and for cancer prevention and antiaging, among others. Many of the biological activities of Curcuma species can be attributed to nonvolatile curcuminoids, but these plants also produce volatile chemicals. Essential oils, in general, have shown numerous beneficial effects for health maintenance and treatment of diseases. Essential oils from Curcuma spp., particularly C. longa, have demonstrated various health-related biological activities and several essential oil companies have recently marketed Curcuma oils. This review summarizes the volatile components of various Curcuma species, the biological activities of Curcuma essential oils, and potential safety concerns of Curcuma essential oils and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S Dosoky
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
| | - William N Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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Guyton KZ, Rusyn I, Chiu WA, Corpet DE, van den Berg M, Ross MK, Christiani DC, Beland FA, Smith MT. Re: 'Application of the key characteristics of carcinogens in cancer hazard evaluation': response to Goodman, Lynch and Rhomberg. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1091-1093. [PMID: 29982359 PMCID: PMC6067125 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Z Guyton
- Monographs Programme, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Denis E Corpet
- ENVT, INRA TOXALIM (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew K Ross
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Albouchi A, Russ J, Murkovic M. Parameters affecting the exposure to furfuryl alcohol from coffee. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:473-479. [PMID: 29842908 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, furfuryl alcohol (FFA) was labelled a human potential carcinogen (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Its alimentary exposure is mostly from coffee since in any other foods the concentrations are significantly lower. The various storage conditions of roasted coffee, the different brewing techniques applied and the bioaccessibility after ingestion are potential parameters that might alter the exposure to FFA from coffee. An 8 weeks stability study at varying temperatures showed that FFA is stable in the ground coffee matrix. Moreover, different brewing techniques extracted different amounts of FFA and affected its final concentration. The evaluation of the relative exposure to four furans (FFA, 5-hydroxymethyl-furaldehyde, 2-furoic acid, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid) revealed that FFA amounts were at least 2-fold the amounts of other studied furans in the same brew. A 22-fold variation in the concentration of the four furans in brews prepared using different coffee grounds and brewing techniques could be observed. 90% of the four furans were extracted by the first 25-30% fraction of the filter brew. A significant decrease of FFA is observed after stressing with simulated gastric fluid. However, this decrease could not be reproduced when mimicking a regular coffee ingestion situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullatif Albouchi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10-12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Julia Russ
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10-12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Murkovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10-12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Guyton KZ, Rusyn I, Chiu WA, Corpet DE, van den Berg M, Ross MK, Christiani DC, Beland FA, Smith MT. Application of the key characteristics of carcinogens in cancer hazard identification. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:614-622. [PMID: 29562322 PMCID: PMC5888955 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smith et al. (Env. Health Perspect. 124: 713, 2016) identified 10 key characteristics (KCs), one or more of which are commonly exhibited by established human carcinogens. The KCs reflect the properties of a cancer-causing agent, such as 'is genotoxic,' 'is immunosuppressive' or 'modulates receptor-mediated effects,' and are distinct from the hallmarks of cancer, which are the properties of tumors. To assess feasibility and limitations of applying the KCs to diverse agents, methods and results of mechanistic data evaluations were compiled from eight recent IARC Monograph meetings. A systematic search, screening and evaluation procedure identified a broad literature encompassing multiple KCs for most (12/16) IARC Group 1 or 2A carcinogens identified in these meetings. Five carcinogens are genotoxic and induce oxidative stress, of which pentachlorophenol, hydrazine and malathion also showed additional KCs. Four others, including welding fumes, are immunosuppressive. The overall evaluation was upgraded to Group 2A based on mechanistic data for only two agents, tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrachloroazobenzene. Both carcinogens modulate receptor-mediated effects in combination with other KCs. Fewer studies were identified for Group 2B or 3 agents, with the vast majority (17/18) showing only one or no KCs. Thus, an objective approach to identify and evaluate mechanistic studies pertinent to cancer revealed strong evidence for multiple KCs for most Group 1 or 2A carcinogens but also identified opportunities for improvement. Further development and mapping of toxicological and biomarker endpoints and pathways relevant to the KCs can advance the systematic search and evaluation of mechanistic data in carcinogen hazard identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Z Guyton
- Monographs Programme, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Denis E Corpet
- ENVT, INRA TOXALIM (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew K Ross
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Barul C, Carton M, Radoï L, Menvielle G, Pilorget C, Bara S, Stücker I, Luce D. Occupational exposure to petroleum-based and oxygenated solvents and hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer in France: the ICARE study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:388. [PMID: 29621977 PMCID: PMC5887173 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine associations between occupational exposure to petroleum-based and oxygenated solvents and the risk of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. METHODS ICARE is a large, frequency-matched population-based case-control study conducted in France. Lifetime occupational history, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption were collected. Analyses were restricted to men and included 383 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer, 454 cases of laryngeal cancer, and 2780 controls. Job-exposure matrices were used to assess exposure to five petroleum-based solvents (benzene; gasoline; white spirits; diesel, fuels and kerosene; special petroleum products) and to five oxygenated solvents (alcohols; ketones and esters; ethylene glycol; diethyl ether; tetrahydrofuran). Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking and other potential confounders and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with unconditional logistic models. RESULTS No significant association was found between hypopharyngeal or laryngeal cancer risk and exposure to the solvents under study. Non-significantly elevated risks of hypopharyngeal cancer were found in men exposed to high cumulative levels of white spirits (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.88-2.43) and tetrahydrofuran (OR = 2.63; 95CI%: 0.55-12.65), with some indication of a dose-response relationship (p for trend: 0.09 and 0.07 respectively). CONCLUSION This study provides weak evidence for an association between hypopharyngeal cancer and exposure to white spirits and tetrahydrofuran, and overall does not suggest a substantial role of exposure to petroleum-based or oxygenated solvents in hypopharyngeal or laryngeal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Barul
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, F-97110, France.,Univ Paris Sud, Paris Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Matthieu Carton
- Département de Biométrie, Institut Curie, DRCI, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Loredana Radoï
- CESP, Cancer and Environment Team, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Dental Surgery, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Gwenn Menvielle
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France
| | - Corinne Pilorget
- The French Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France.,Ifsttar, UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Simona Bara
- Manche Cancer Registry, Cotentin Hospital, Cherbourg-Octeville, France
| | - Isabelle Stücker
- CESP, Cancer and Environment Team, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Danièle Luce
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, F-97110, France.
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