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Wu T, Huang J, Li Y, Guo Y, Wang H, Zhang Y. Prenatal acetaminophen exposure and the developing ovary: Time, dose, and course consequences for fetal mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114679. [PMID: 38657942 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is an emerging endocrine disrupting chemical and has been detected in various natural matrices. Numerous studies have documented developmental toxicity associated with prenatal acetaminophen exposure (PAcE). In this study, we established a PAcE Kunming mouse model at different time (middle pregnancy and third trimester), doses (low, middle, high) and courses (single or multi-) to systematically investigate their effects on fetal ovarian development. The findings indicated PAcE affected ovarian development, reduced fetal ovarian oocyte number and inhibited cell proliferation. A reduction in mRNA expression was observed for genes associated with oocyte markers (NOBOX and Figlα), follicular development markers (BMP15 and GDF9), and pre-granulosa cell steroid synthase (SF1 and StAR). Notably, exposure in middle pregnancy, high dose, multi-course resulted in the most pronounced inhibition of oocyte development; exposure in third trimester, high dose and multi-course led to the most pronounced inhibition of follicular development; and in third trimester, low dose and single course, the inhibition of pre-granulosa cell function was most pronounced. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PAcE had the most pronounced suppression of the ovarian Notch signaling pathway. Overall, PAcE caused fetal ovarian multicellular toxicity and inhibited follicular development with time, dose and course differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and HN Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yating Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China; Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Science and Birth Health of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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2
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Ma Y, Zhang W, Gao M, Li J, Wang Q, Chen M, Gu L. Combined analysis of temporal metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals the metabolic patterns in goat oocytes during maturation. Theriogenology 2024; 218:69-78. [PMID: 38301509 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Well-balanced and orderly metabolism is a crucial prerequisite for promoting oogenesis. Involvement of single metabolites in oocyte development has been widely reported; however, the comprehensive metabolic framework controlling oocyte maturation is still lacking. In the present study, we employed an integrated temporal metabolomic and transcriptomic method to analyze metabolism in goat oocytes at GV, GVBD, and MII stages (GV, fully-grown immature oocyte; GVBD, stage of meiotic resumption; MII, mature oocyte) during in vitro maturation, revealing the global picture of the metabolic patterns during maturation. In particular, several significantly altered metabolic pathways during goat oocyte meiosis have been identified, including active serine metabolism, increased utilization of tryptophan, and marked accumulation of purine nucleotide. In summary, the current study provides transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets for goat oocyte development that can be applied in cross-species comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ma
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Gao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ling Gu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Li Y, Huang J, Ge C, Zhu S, Wang H, Zhang Y. The effects of prenatal azithromycin exposure on offspring ovarian development at different stages, doses, and courses. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116246. [PMID: 38359487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin, a commonly used macrolide antibiotic for treating chlamydial infections during pregnancy, has sparked investigations into its potential effects on offspring development. Despite these inquiries, there remains uncertainty about the specific impact of prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE) on offspring ovarian development and the precise "effect window". Pregnant mice, following clinical guidelines for azithromycin dosing, were orally administered azithromycin at different gestational stages [(gestational day, GD) 10-12 or GD 15-17], doses (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg·d), and courses (single or multiple). On GD 18, we collected offspring blood and ovaries to examine changes in fetal serum estradiol (E2) levels, fetal ovarian morphology, pre-granulosa cell function, and oocyte development. Multiple courses of PAzE resulted in abnormal fetal ovarian morphological development, disorganized germ cell nests, enhanced ovarian cell proliferation, and reduced apoptosis. Simultaneously, multiple courses of PAzE significantly increased fetal serum E2 levels, elevated ovarian steroidogenic function (indicated by Star, 3β-hsd, and Cyp19 expression), disrupted oocyte development (indicated by Figlα and Nobox expression), and led to alterations in the MAPK signal pathway in fetal ovaries, particularly in the high-dose treatment group. In contrast, a single course of PAzE reduced fetal ovarian cell proliferation, decreased steroidogenic function, and inhibited oocyte development, particularly through the downregulation of Mek2 expression in the MAPK signal pathway. These findings suggest that PAzE can influence various aspects of fetal mouse ovarian cell development. Multiple courses enhance pre-granulosa cell estrogen synthesis function and advance germ cell development, while a single terminal gestation dose inhibits germ cell development. These differential effects may be associated with changes in the MAPK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Caiyun Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Sen Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Dai W, Yang H, Xu B, He T, Liu L, Ma X, Ma J, Yang G, Si R, Pei X, Du X, Fu X. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) alleviate excessive autophagy of ovarian granular cells through VEGFA/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in premature ovarian failure rat model. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:198. [PMID: 37777781 PMCID: PMC10542694 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the leading causes of female infertility and is accompanied by abnormal endocrine, seriously affecting female quality of life. Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for POF. However, the mechanism remains obscure. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on ovarian function in the POF rat model and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The ovarian function was evaluated by ovarian morphology, histology, estrous cycle, hormone levels (AMH, E2, FSH, and LH), and fertility ability to investigate the effect of hUC-MSCs on the POF rats model. The cytokines levels were assayed in serum using protein array to explore the mechanisms of hUC-MSCs therapy for POF. The excessive autophagy levels were evaluated using a co-culture system of 3D MSCs spheroids with human ovarian granulosa cell line (KGN) or primary ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) to understand the paracrine effect of hUC-MSCs on GCs. The related proteins expression of autophagy and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was detected using Western Blotting and/or in various inhibitors supplement to further demonstrate that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secreted by hUC-MSCs can alleviate excessive autophagy of ovarian GCs via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The ovarian culture model in vitro was applied to confirm the mechanism. RESULTS The ovarian function of POF and the excessive autophagy of ovarian GCs were restored after hUC-MSCs transplantation. The protein array result demonstrated that VEGF and PI3K/AKT might improve ovarian function. in vitro experiments demonstrated that VEGFA secreted by hUC-MSCs could decrease oxidative stress and inhibit excessive autophagy of ovarian GCs via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The ovarian culture model results confirmed this mechanism in vitro. CONCLUSION The hUC-MSCs can alleviate excessive autophagy of ovarian GCs via paracrine VEGFA and regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby improving the ovarian function of POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiaxue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Guoqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Rui Si
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xing Du
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Xufeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Bromoacetic acid impairs mouse oocyte in vitro maturation through affecting cytoskeleton architecture and epigenetic modification. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110192. [PMID: 36174739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a major public health achievement, disinfection of drinking water significantly decreases outbreaks of waterborne disease, but produces drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) unfortunately. The haloacetic acids (HAAs) including bromoacetic acid (BAA), the second major class of DBPs, are considered as a global public health concern. BAA has been identified as cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic in somatic cells. However, the toxic effects of BAA on oocyte maturation remain obscure. Herein, we documented that exposure to BAA compromised mouse oocyte maturation in vitro, causing blocked polar body extrusion (PBE). Meiotic progression analysis demonstrated that exposure to BAA induced the activated spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) mediated metaphase I (MI) arrest in oocytes. Further study revealed that exposure to BAA resulted in the hyperacetylation of α-tubulin, disrupting spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, which is responsible for the activation of SAC. Besides, the organization of actin, the other major component of cytoskeleton in oocytes, was disturbed after BAA exposure. In addition, exposure to BAA altered the status of histone H3 methylation and 5 mC, indicative of the damaged epigenetic modifications. Moreover, we found that exposure to BAA induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner in oocytes. Collectively, our study evidenced that exposure to BAA intervened mouse oocyte maturation via disrupting cytoskeletal dynamics, damaging epigenetic modifications and inducing accumulation of DNA damage.
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and ovarian reserve. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Loup B, Poumerol E, Jouneau L, Fowler PA, Cotinot C, Mandon-Pépin B. BPA disrupts meiosis I in oogonia by acting on pathways including cell cycle regulation, meiosis initiation and spindle assembly. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 111:166-177. [PMID: 35667523 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The negative in utero effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on female reproduction are of concern since the ovarian reserve of primordial follicles is constituted during the fetal period. This time-window is difficult to access, particularly in humans. Animal models and explant culture systems are, therefore, vital tools for investigating EDC impacts on primordial germ cells (PGCs). Here, we investigated the effects of BPA on prophase I meiosis in the fetal sheep ovary. We established an in vitro model of early gametogenesis through retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of sheep PGCs that progressed through meiosis. Using this system, we demonstrated that BPA (3×10-7 M & 3×10-5M) exposure for 20 days disrupted meiotic initiation and completion in sheep oogonia and induced transcriptomic modifications of exposed explants. After exposure to the lowest concentrations of BPA (3×10-7M), only 2 probes were significantly up-regulated corresponding to NR2F1 and TMEM167A transcripts. In contrast, after exposure to 3×10-5M BPA, 446 probes were deregulated, 225 were down- and 221 were up-regulated following microarray analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of differentially expressed genes revealed that pathways mainly affected were involved in cell-cycle phase transition, meiosis and spindle assembly. Differences in key gene expression within each pathway were validated by qRT-PCR. This study provides a novel model for direct examination of the molecular pathways of environmental toxicants on early female gametogenesis and novel insights into the mechanisms by which BPA affects meiosis I. BPA exposure could thereby disrupt ovarian reserve formation by inhibiting meiotic progression of oocytes I and consequently by increasing atresia of primordial follicles containing defective oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Loup
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ENVA, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Elodie Poumerol
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ENVA, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ENVA, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Corinne Cotinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ENVA, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Kumar P, Rao S, Mundkur A, Adiga P, Ullagaddi RK, Poojari VG. Crossing the Hurdle of a Low Oocyte Yield in an in vitro Fertilization Cycle to Obtain Mature Oocytes. J Hum Reprod Sci 2022; 15:197-199. [PMID: 35928459 PMCID: PMC9345269 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_40_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex process of oocyte maturation involves a coordinated set of events to take place so that an adequate number of oocytes can be obtained during an oocyte pickup procedure following controlled ovarian stimulation. A weak link in any of the steps can yield a sparse number of oocytes which can be a setback in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Kumar
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubha Rao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali Mundkur
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashanth Adiga
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi K Ullagaddi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidyashree G Poojari
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Misner MJ, Taborek A, Dufour J, Sharifi L, Khokhar JY, Favetta LA. Effects of Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on Oocyte Competence and Early Embryonic Development. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:647918. [PMID: 35295104 PMCID: PMC8915882 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.647918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent changes in legal status and public perception of cannabis have contributed to an increase use amongst women of reproductive age. Concurrently, there is inadequate evidence-based knowledge to guide clinical practice regarding cannabis and its effects on fertility and early embryonic development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), during oocyte maturation, and its impact on the developing embryo. Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro for 24 h under clinically relevant doses of THC mimicking plasma levels achieved after therapeutic (0.032 μM) and recreational (0.32 and 3.2 μM) cannabis use. THC-treated oocytes were assessed for development and quality parameters at both the oocyte and embryo level. Characteristics of oocytes treated with cannabinoid receptor antagonists were also assessed. Oocytes treated with 0.32 and 3.2 μM THC, were significantly less likely to reach metaphase II (p < 0.01) and consequently had lower cleavage rates at day 2 post-fertilization (p < 0.0001). Treatment with cannabinoid receptor antagonists restored this effect (p < 0.05). Oocytes that did reach MII showed no differences in spindle morphology. Oocytes treated with 0.032 μM THC had significantly lower connexin mRNA (p < 0.05) (correlated with decreased quality), but this was not confirmed at the protein level. At the blastocyst stage there were no significant differences in developmental rates or the proportion of trophectoderm to inner cell mass cells between the control and treatment groups. These blastocysts, however, displayed an increased level of apoptosis in the 0.32 and 3.2 μM groups (p < 0.0001). Our findings suggest a possible disruptive effect of cannabis on oocyte maturation and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Misner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Afton Taborek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jaustin Dufour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lea Sharifi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Laura A Favetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Salvatore G, De Felici M, Dolci S, Tudisco C, Cicconi R, Campagnolo L, Camaioni A, Klinger FG. Human adipose-derived stromal cells transplantation prolongs reproductive lifespan on mouse models of mild and severe premature ovarian insufficiency. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:537. [PMID: 34629095 PMCID: PMC8504050 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although recent studies have investigated the ability of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) to alleviate short-term ovarian damage in animal models of chemotherapy-induced Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), no data are available on reproductive lifespan recovery, especially in a severe POI condition. For this reason, we investigated the potential of MSCs isolated from human adipose tissue (hASCs), since they are easy to harvest and abundant, in ameliorating the length and performance of reproductive life in both mild and severe chemotherapy-induced murine POI models.
Methods Mild and severe POI models were established by intraperitoneally administering a light (12 mg/kg busulfan + 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide) or heavy (30 mg/kg busulfan + 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide) dose of chemotherapy, respectively, in CD1 mice. In both cases, a week later, 1 × 106 hASCs were transplanted systemically through the tail vein. After four additional weeks, some females were sacrificed to collect ovaries for morphological evaluation. H&E staining was performed to assess stroma alteration and to count follicle numbers; immunofluorescence staining for αSMA was used to analyse vascularization. Of the remaining females, some were mated after superovulation to collect 2-cell embryos in order to evaluate their pre-implantation developmental capacity in vitro, while others were naturally mated to monitor litters and reproductive lifespan length. F1 litters’ weight, ovaries and reproductive lifespan were also analysed. Results hASC transplantation alleviated ovarian weight loss and size decrease and reduced alterations on ovarian stroma and vasculature, concurrently preventing the progressive follicle stockpile depletion caused by chemotherapy. These effects were associated with the preservation of the oocyte competence to develop into blastocyst in vitro and, more interestingly, with a significant decrease of chemotherapy-induced POI features, like shortness of reproductive lifespan, reduced number of litters and longer time to plug (the latter only presented in the severe POI model). Conclusion Human ASC transplantation was able to significantly reduce all the alterations induced by the chemotherapeutic treatment, while improving oocyte quality and prolonging reproductive functions, thus counteracting infertility. These results, strengthened by the use of an outbred model, support the potential applications of hASCs in women with POI, nowadays mainly induced by anticancer therapies. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02590-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Salvatore
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Histology and Embryology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Histology and Embryology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Dolci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Tudisco
- Department of Clinical Surgery and Translational Medicine, Sports Traumatology Unit, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Histology and Embryology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Camaioni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Histology and Embryology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gioia Klinger
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Histology and Embryology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Sun B, Yeh J. Onco-fertility and personalized testing for potential for loss of ovarian reserve in patients undergoing chemotherapy: proposed next steps for development of genetic testing to predict changes in ovarian reserve. FERTILITY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 7:13. [PMID: 34193292 PMCID: PMC8244159 DOI: 10.1186/s40738-021-00105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Women of reproductive age undergoing chemotherapy face the risk of irreversible ovarian insufficiency. Current methods of ovarian reserve testing do not accurately predict future reproductive potential for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Genetic markers that more accurately predict the reproductive potential of each patient undergoing chemotherapy would be critical tools that would be useful for evidence-based fertility preservation counselling. To assess the possible approaches to take to develop personalized genetic testing for these patients, we review current literature regarding mechanisms of ovarian damage due to chemotherapy and genetic variants associated with both the damage mechanisms and primary ovarian insufficiency. The medical literature point to a number of genetic variants associated with mechanisms of ovarian damage and primary ovarian insufficiency. Those variants that appear at a higher frequency, with known pathways, may be considered as potential genetic markers for predictive ovarian reserve testing. We propose developing personalized testing of the potential for loss of ovarian function for patients with cancer, prior to chemotherapy treatment. There are advantages of using genetic markers complementary to the current ovarian reserve markers of AMH, antral follicle count and day 3 FSH as predictors of preservation of fertility after chemotherapy. Genetic markers will help identify upstream pathways leading to high risk of ovarian failure not detected by present clinical markers. Their predictive value is mechanism-based and will encourage research towards understanding the multiple pathways contributing to ovarian failure after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Sun
- Sackler School of Medicine, New York State/American Program of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John Yeh
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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The inhibition of WIP1 phosphatase accelerates the depletion of primordial follicles. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:161-171. [PMID: 34210610 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What role does wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1) play in the regulation of primordial follicle development? DESIGN WIP1 expression was detected in the ovaries of mice of different ages by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Three-day-old neonatal mouse ovaries were cultured in vitro with or without the WIP1 inhibitor GSK2830371 (10 μM) for 4 days. Ovarian morphology, follicle growth and follicle classification were analysed and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal pathway and the WIP1-p53-related mitochondrial apoptosis pathway evaluated. RESULTS WIP1 expression was downregulated with age. Primordial follicles were significantly decreased in the GSK2830371-treated group, without a significant increase in growing follicles. The ratio of growing follicles to primordial follicles was not significantly different between the control and GSK2830371 groups, and no significant variation was observed in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal pathway. The inhibition of WIP1 phosphatase accelerated primordial follicle atresia by activating the p53-BAX-caspase-3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that WIP1 participates in regulating primordial follicle development and that inhibiting WIP1 phosphatase leads to massive primordial follicle loss via interaction with the p53-BAX-caspase-3 pathway. This might also provide valuable information for understanding decreased ovarian reserve during ovarian ageing.
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13
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Annie L, Gurusubramanian G, Kumar Roy V. Visfatin protein may be responsible for suppression of proliferation and apoptosis in the infantile mice ovary. Cytokine 2021; 140:155422. [PMID: 33476980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Visfatin is an important adipokines, which are expressed in different tissues including ovary of mammals. The postnatal ovary in rodents undergoes dramatic changes of intra-ovarian factors in relation to proliferation and apoptosis. There are studies which showed that gonadal visfatin changes in postnatal life. However, role of visfatin in the early postnatal period i.e. infantile period has not been studied. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore the role of visfatin in the early postnatal ovarian functions. Furthermore, to explore the role of visfatin, the endogenous visfatin was inhibited from PND14-PND21 by FK866 with dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Our results showed gain in body weight and ovarian weight after visfatin inhibition. The inhibition of visfatin increased the ovarian proliferation (increase in PCNA, GCNA expression and BrdU incorporation) and apoptosis (increase in BAX and active caspase3 expression). Moreover, visfatin inhibition decreased the expression of antiapoptotic/survival protein, BCL2 in the ovary. These findings suggest that visfatin in the infantile ovary may suppress the proliferation and apoptosis by up-regulating BCL2 expression. An interesting finding has been observed that circulating estrogen and progesterone remain unaffected, although visfatin inhibition up-regulated ER-β and down-regulated ER-α. It may also be suggested that visfatin could regulates proliferation and apoptosis via modulating estrogen signaling. In conclusion, visfatin inhibits the proliferation and apoptosis without modulating the ovarian steroid biosynthesis and visfatin mediated BCL2 expression could also be mechanism to preserve the good quality follicle in early postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram - 796 004, India.
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14
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Reynolds TS, Lynch CD, Hade EM, Allain DC, Westman JA, Toland AE. Maternal age at delivery and fertility of the next generation. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:629-636. [PMID: 32150298 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most known causes of infertility relate to the health of the woman and/or her partner, questions have been raised regarding the possible contributions of transgenerational or epigenetic factors. OBJECTIVE The goal of this hypothesis-generating work was to examine whether Generation 1's (G1's) age at the delivery of G2 (Generation 2) was associated with G2's fertility in later life. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women (G2s) recruited online in 2016. A questionnaire queried G2s regarding demographics and fertility. The primary exposure was G1's age at G2's birth. Outcome measures included the following: 12-month infertility, time to pregnancy, and childlessness. The adjusted relative risk (RR) of G2 infertility and childlessness by G1 age at G2's birth was estimated through a modified Poisson regression approach. The fecundity odds ratio (FOR) for the association between G1's age at G2 birth and time to pregnancy for G2 was estimated by discrete-time survival models, with complementary log-log link. RESULTS A total of 2,854 women enrolled. We found no association between G1 age at G2's birth and G2 infertility. Being born to a G1 aged 15-19 years was associated with a longer time to pregnancy for G2 (FOR 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.72, 0.99), relative to being born to a G1 aged 20-24 years. We observed the suggestion of a possible increased risk of childlessness among G2s born to older G1s, but the estimate was imprecise. CONCLUSIONS While being born to a G1 who was 15-19 years old was associated with an increase in G2 time to pregnancy, we found no association between G1 age at G2's birth and infertility and only the suggestion of a modest association with childlessness. These data suggest a possible subtle effect of G1 age at G2's birth on G2 fertility, which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S Reynolds
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Courtney D Lynch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Erinn M Hade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Dawn C Allain
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Judith A Westman
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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15
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Annie L, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK. Inhibition of visfatin/NAMPT affects ovarian proliferation, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis in pre-pubertal mice ovary. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 204:105763. [PMID: 32987128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pubertal ovarian function might be dependent on the factors present in the pre-pubertal stages. Visfatin regulates ovarian steroidogenesis in adult. To date, no study has investigated the role of visfatin either in pre-pubertal or pubertal mice ovary. Thus, we investigated the role of visfatin in pre-pubertal mice ovary in relation to steroidogenesis and proliferation and apoptosis in vitro by inhibiting the endogenous visfatin by a specific inhibitor, FK866. Inhibition of visfatin increased the estrogen secretion and also up-regulated the expression of CYP11A1, 17βHSD and CYP19A1 in mice ovary. Furthermore, active caspase3 was up-regulated along with the down-regulation of BAX and BCL2 in the pre-pubertal ovary after visfatin inhibition. The expression of GCNA, PCNA, and BrdU labeling was also decreased by FK866 treatment. These results suggest that visfatin inhibits steroidogenesis, increases proliferation, and suppresses apoptosis in the pre-pubertal mice ovary. So, visfatin is a new regulator of ovary function in pre-pubertal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796 004, India.
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16
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Venuto MT, Martorell-Ribera J, Bochert R, Harduin-Lepers A, Rebl A, Galuska SP. Characterization of the Polysialylation Status in Ovaries of the Salmonid Fish Coregonus maraena and the Percid Fish Sander lucioperca. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112391. [PMID: 33142835 PMCID: PMC7693511 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, the carbohydrate polymer polysialic acid (polySia) is especially well known for its essential role during neuronal development, regulating the migration and proliferation of neural precursor cells, for instance. Nevertheless, sialic acid polymers seem to be regulatory elements in other physiological systems, such as the reproductive tract. Interestingly, trout fish eggs have polySia, but we know little of its cellular distribution and role during oogenesis. Therefore, we localized α2,8-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid polymers in the ovaries of Coregonus maraena by immunohistochemistry and found that prevalent clusters of oogonia showed polySia signals on their surfaces. Remarkably, the genome of this salmonid fish contains two st8sia2 genes and one st8sia4 gene, that is, three polysialyltransferases. The expression analysis revealed that for st8sia2-r2, 60 times more mRNA was present than st8sia2-r1 and st8sia4. To compare polysialylation status regarding various polySiaT configurations, we performed a comparable analysis in Sander lucioperca. The genome of this perciform fish contains only one st8sia2 and no st8sia4 gene. Here, too, clusters of oogonia showed polysialylated cell surfaces, and we detected high mRNA values for st8sia2. These results suggest that in teleosts, polySia is involved in the cellular processes of oogonia during oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Tindara Venuto
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
| | - Joan Martorell-Ribera
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (J.M.-R.); (A.R.)
| | - Ralf Bochert
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries (LFA-MV), 18375 Born, Germany;
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (J.M.-R.); (A.R.)
| | - Sebastian Peter Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-382-0868-769
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17
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Das D, Chen SY, Arur S. ERK phosphorylates chromosomal axis component HORMA domain protein HTP-1 to regulate oocyte numbers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eabc5580. [PMID: 33127680 PMCID: PMC7608811 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oocyte numbers, a critical determinant of female reproductive fitness, are highly regulated, yet the mechanisms underlying this regulation remain largely undefined. In the Caenorhabditis elegans gonad, RAS/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling regulates oocyte numbers; mechanisms are unknown. We show that the RAS/ERK pathway phosphorylates meiotic chromosome axis protein HTP-1 at serine-325 to control chromosome dynamics and regulate oocyte number. Phosphorylated HTP-1(S325) accumulates in vivo in an ERK-dependent manner in early-mid pachytene stage germ cells and is necessary for synaptonemal complex extension and/or maintenance. Lack of HTP-1 phosphorylation leads to asynapsis and persistence of meiotic double-strand breaks, causing delayed meiotic progression and reduced oocyte number. In contrast, early onset of ERK activation causes precocious meiotic progression, resulting in increased oocyte number, which is reversed by removal of HTP-1 phosphorylation. The RAS/ERK/HTP-1 signaling cascade thus functions to monitor formation and maintenance of synapsis for timely resolution of double-strand breaks, oocyte production, and reproductive fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Das
- Department of Genetics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shin-Yu Chen
- Department of Genetics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Swathi Arur
- Department of Genetics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Yatsenko SA, Rajkovic A. Genetics of human female infertility†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:549-566. [PMID: 31077289 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
About 10% of women of reproductive age are unable to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term. Female factors alone account for at least 35% of all infertility cases and comprise a wide range of causes affecting ovarian development, maturation of oocytes, and fertilization competence, as well as the potential of a fertilized egg for preimplantation development, implantation, and fetal growth. Genetic abnormalities leading to infertility in females comprise large chromosome abnormalities, submicroscopic chromosome deletion and duplications, and DNA sequence variations in the genes that control numerous biological processes implicated in oogenesis, maintenance of ovarian reserve, hormonal signaling, and anatomical and functional development of female reproductive organs. Despite the great number of genes implicated in reproductive physiology by the study of animal models, only a subset of these genes is associated with human infertility. In this review, we mainly focus on genetic alterations identified in humans and summarize recent knowledge on the molecular pathways of oocyte development and maturation, the crucial role of maternal-effect factors during embryogenesis, and genetic conditions associated with ovarian dysgenesis, primary ovarian insufficiency, early embryonic lethality, and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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19
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Roelen BAJ. Bovine oocyte maturation: acquisition of developmental competence. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:98-103. [PMID: 32188561 DOI: 10.1071/rd19255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although millions of oocytes are formed during embryo and fetal development in the cow, only a small fraction of these will form a developmentally competent oocyte and be fertilised. Development to competence relies on an intimate contact between the oocyte and the surrounding somatic cells in ovarian follicles, via both direct cell-cell contact and paracrine signalling. An important aspect of oocyte maturation is the segregation of homologous chromosomes and subsequently sister chromatids to form a haploid oocyte. Furthermore, the cytoplasm needs to be prepared for the formation of pronuclei and nuclear reprogramming to form a totipotent zygote. Conditions such as high levels of fatty acids or oxidative stress constrain the developmental competence of oocytes, and a better insight into these processes may help improve in vitro and in vivo oocyte maturation success. In addition, identification of the developmentally competent oocyte is useful for the efficiency of (artificial) reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A J Roelen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, Netherlands.
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20
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Hall GB, Long JA, Wood BJ, Bedecarrats GY. Germ cell dynamics during nest breakdown and formation of the primordial follicle pool in the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Poult Sci 2020; 99:2746-2756. [PMID: 32359612 PMCID: PMC7597460 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined, for the first time, the different subpopulations of germ cells and stereological changes within the cortex of the functional left ovary during germ cell nest breakdown, and formation of the primordial follicle pool in the domestic turkey. This was accomplished by measuring the size, density, and count of prefollicular germ cells and primordial follicles in turkey poults between 1 and 35 days posthatch (dph). The percent volume (PV) of germ cells and follicles within the cortex was also calculated as a means of validating the counting technique. The total percent volume of germ cells and primordial follicles within the cortex ranged between 42 and 84%, suggesting that the counting technique was valid. Our findings show that before germ cell nest breakdown (5 dph), there were roughly 1,000,000 prefollicular germ cells within the cortex of the left ovary and that germ cell nest breakdown initiated between 5 and 7 dph, characterized by a decrease (P ≤ 0.001) in prefollicular germ cell density and the subsequent appearance of primordial follicles. Nest breakdown is followed on day 9 by the first increase (P ≤ 0.05) in size of prefollicular germ cells. These cells continue to grow throughout nest breakdown. The majority (>90%) of germ cell nest breakdowns concluded by 15 dph; although, the primordial follicle pool was not fully established until 35 dph, as determined by a total lack of prefollicular germ cells. At this point, the pool was comprised of an estimated 60,000 primordial follicles and shows that during nest breakdown and follicle pool formation, ∼94% of germ cells were lost. This 94% decrease in the number of germ cells during nest breakdown in the turkey is comparable to the domestic chicken but is greater than the average two-thirds which are lost in mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Hall
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G1Y2, Canada
| | - J A Long
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - B J Wood
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G1Y2, Canada; Hybrid Turkeys, Suite C, Riverbend Drive, Kitchener, Ontario N2K3S2, Canada; School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343 Australia
| | - G Y Bedecarrats
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G1Y2, Canada.
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21
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Ochratoxin A exposure causes meiotic failure and oocyte deterioration in mice. Theriogenology 2019; 148:236-248. [PMID: 31735432 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi and occurs naturally in various foodstuffs and some animal-derived products. This mycotoxin can cause deleterious effects on kidney, liver, central nervous, and immune system. However, potential mechanisms regarding how OTA disrupts the mammalian oocyte quality have not been clearly defined. In this study, we proved that OTA weakened oocyte quality by impairing oocyte meiotic maturation. We found that female mice treated with 1 mg/kg body weight OTA by intraperitoneal (IP) injection for 7 days displayed ovarian dysfunction and decreased offspring number. We also found that OTA treatment at 7.5 μM for 16 h decreased the rate of first polar body extrusion by disrupting spindle and chromosome alignment. In addition, OTA caused oxidative stress by inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and consumption of antioxidants during meiosis, consequently resulting in oocytes apoptosis. Mitochondrial damage and insufficient energy supply were also observed in OTA-pretreated oocytes, which led to the meiotic failure of oocyte. Moreover, the epigenetic modifications were also affected, showing with altered 5 mC, 5hmC, H3K9ac, and H3K9me3 levels in mice oocytes. In summary, these results showed that OTA could decrease oocyte maturation and fertility by inducing oxidative stress and epigenetic changes.
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22
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The role of autophagy during murine primordial follicle assembly. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:197-211. [PMID: 29410391 PMCID: PMC5842841 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that significant germ cell loss occurs during the establishment of the primordial follicle pool in most mammalian ovaries around the time of birth. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these processes remain largely unknown. In this investigation, we explored the role of autophagy during the establishment of the primordial follicle pool and found that autophagy was active in this process. Our data suggested that 17.5 dpc ovaries treated with rapamycin displayed a delay in germ cell cyst breakdown resulting in more oocytes at day 5 of treatment, while, ovaries that treated with 3-MA showed the opposite effect. We found that rapamycin treatment promoted autophagy and depressed cell apoptosis increasing the number of NOBOX positive oocytes. Furthermore, our results also revealed that epigenetic regulator, Sirt1, plays a role in germ cell loss. An epigenetic inhibitor or RNAi treatment of Sirt1, showed an increased level of H4K16ac and a decreased level of autophagy. Thus, these data indicate that autophagy prevents germ cell over loss during the establishment of primordial follicle pool, and this process may be influenced by Sirt1-invovled epigenetic regulation.
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23
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Ge W, Li L, Dyce PW, De Felici M, Shen W. Establishment and depletion of the ovarian reserve: physiology and impact of environmental chemicals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1729-1746. [PMID: 30810760 PMCID: PMC11105173 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive life span in women starts at puberty and ends at menopause, following the exhaustion of the follicle stockpile termed the ovarian reserve. Increasing data from experimental animal models and epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to a number of ubiquitously distributed reproductively toxic environmental chemicals (RTECs) can contribute to earlier menopause and even premature ovarian failure. However, the causative relationship between environmental chemical exposure and earlier menopause in women remains poorly understood. The present work, is an attempt to review the current evidence regarding the effects of RTECs on the main ovarian activities in mammals, focusing on how such compounds can affect the ovarian reserve at any stages of ovarian development. We found that in rodents, strong evidence exists that in utero, neonatal, prepubescent and even adult exposure to RTECs leads to impaired functioning of the ovary and a shortening of the reproductive lifespan. Regarding human, data from cross-sectional surveys suggest that human exposure to certain environmental chemicals can compromise a woman's reproductive health and in some cases, correlate with earlier menopause. In conclusion, evidences exist that exposure to RTECs can compromise a woman's reproductive health. However, human exposures may date back to the developmental stage, while the adverse effects are usually diagnosed decades later, thus making it difficult to determine the association between RTECs exposure and human reproductive health. Therefore, epidemiological surveys and more experimental investigation on humans, or alternatively primates, are needed to determine the direct and indirect effects caused by RTECs exposure on the ovary function, and to characterize their action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Paul W Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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24
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A Comprehensive Approach to Care of Women of Advanced Maternal Age. Nurs Womens Health 2019; 23:124-134. [PMID: 30825416 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advanced maternal age, historically defined as ages 35 years and older, is used to describe the later years in the female reproductive life span when rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes increase. The preconception period represents an opportunity to ensure the use of safe medications and optimize care for medical comorbidities. Routine prenatal care should be augmented with counseling on fetal aneuploidy with a detailed anatomic survey. Surveillance for preterm labor and preeclampsia is recommended. Growth assessment and antepartum testing for specific women are advised, particularly those ages 40 years and older and those with select medical problems. Despite an increased incidence of complications, most women of advanced maternal age will have normal pregnancies and will benefit from the compassionate care provided by midwives, advanced practice registered nurses (including nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists), and perinatal nurses.
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25
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Influence of Autophagy Induction after Hormone Treatment on Oocytes Maturation of Porcine. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2018.33.4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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26
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Zhang GL, Feng YL, Song JL, Zhou XS. Zearalenone: A Mycotoxin With Different Toxic Effect in Domestic and Laboratory Animals' Granulosa Cells. Front Genet 2018; 9:667. [PMID: 30619484 PMCID: PMC6305301 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the most prevalent estrogenic mycotoxins, is mainly produced by Fusarium fungi and has been proven to affect the reproductive capacity of animals. Exposure of farm animals to ZEA is a global public health concern because of its toxicity and wide distribution in animal feeds. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that ZEA possesses estrogenic activity in mice, swine, Equus asinus and cattle. The precise mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of ZEA has not been established yet. This article reviews evidence on the deleterious effects of ZEA on mammalian folliculogenesis from early to final oogenesis stages. Such effects include impaired granulosa cell (GC) development and follicle steroidogenesis, reduced oocyte nest breakdown, damaged meiotic progression, poor fetal oocyte survival, accelerated primordial follicle activation and enhanced follicle atresia. These phenomena may result in reproductive and non-reproductive problems in domestic animals. In addition, emerging data indicates that ZEA may cause mRNA expression changes in the GCs. In general, E. asinus is more sensitive than swine to ZEA exposure. Finally, results of in vivo animal studies and in vitro tests are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Zhang
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | | | - Xiang-Shan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Chaudhary GR, Yadav PK, Yadav AK, Tiwari M, Gupta A, Sharma A, Sahu K, Pandey AN, Pandey AK, Chaube SK. Necrosis and necroptosis in germ cell depletion from mammalian ovary. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8019-8027. [PMID: 30341907 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The maximum number of germ cells is present during the fetal life in mammals. Follicular atresia results in rapid depletion of germ cells from the cohort of the ovary. At the time of puberty, only a few hundred (<1%) germ cells are either culminated into oocytes or further get eliminated during the reproductive life. Although apoptosis plays a major role, necrosis as well as necroptosis, might also be involved in germ cell elimination from the mammalian ovary. Both necrosis and necroptosis show similar morphological features and are characterized by an increase in cell volume, cell membrane permeabilization, and rupture that lead to cellular demise. Necroptosis is initiated by tumor necrosis factor and operated through receptor interacting protein kinase as well as mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. The acetylcholinesterase, cytokines, starvation, and oxidative stress play important roles in necroptosis-mediated granulosa cell death. The granulosa cell necroptosis directly or indirectly induces susceptibility toward necroptotic or apoptotic cell death in oocytes. Indeed, prevention of necrosis and necroptosis pathways using their specific inhibitors could enhance growth/differentiation factor-9 expression, improve survivability as well as the meiotic competency of oocytes, and prevent decline of reproductive potential in several mammalian species and early onset of menopause in women. This study updates the information and focuses on the possible involvement of necrosis and necroptosis in germ cell depletion from the mammalian ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind R Chaudhary
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pramod K Yadav
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anil K Yadav
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Meenakshi Tiwari
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anumegha Gupta
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Alka Sharma
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kankshi Sahu
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashutosh N Pandey
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajai K Pandey
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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28
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Starvation during pregnancy impairs fetal oogenesis and folliculogenesis in offspring in the mouse. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:452. [PMID: 29670080 PMCID: PMC5906686 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although it is becoming increasingly evident that maternal starvation during pregnancy can have permanent effects on a range of physiological processes in the offspring, scant information is available about the consequence of such condition for oogenesis and hence for lifetime reproductive success of progeny in mammals. In the present study, we address this topic by starving pregnant mice at the time of ovarian differentiation (12.5 days post coitum (dpc)) for three consecutive days and analyzed the consequence first on the survival of the fetal oocytes and their capability to progress throughout the stages of meiotic prophase I (MPI) and then on the postnatal folliculogenesis of the offspring. The results showed that maternal starvation increased apoptosis in the fetal ovaries, resulting in reduction of the oocyte number. Moreover, MPI progression was slowed down in the surviving oocytes and the expression of DNA repair players in the starved ovaries increased. Transcriptome analysis identified 61 differentially expressed genes between control and starved ovaries, the most part of these being involved in metabolic processes. A significant decrease in the percentage of oocytes enclosed in primordial follicles and the expression of oocyte genes critically involved in folliculogenesis such as Nobox, Lhx8 and Sohlh2 in the 3 days post partum (dpp) starved ovaries were found. Finally, at the time of juvenile period (21 dpp), the number of oocytes and antral follicles resulted significantly lower in the ovaries of the offspring from starved mothers in comparison to controls. Our findings support the notion that maternal starvation can affect ovary development in the offspring that could adversely affect their reproductive success in the adult life.
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Yadav PK, Tiwari M, Gupta A, Sharma A, Prasad S, Pandey AN, Chaube SK. Germ cell depletion from mammalian ovary: possible involvement of apoptosis and autophagy. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:36. [PMID: 29681242 PMCID: PMC5911955 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian ovary contains millions of germ cells during embryonic life but only few of them are culminated into oocytes that achieve meiotic competency just prior to ovulation. The majority of germ cells are depleted from ovary through several pathways. Follicular atresia is one of the major events that eliminate germ cells from ovary by engaging apoptotic as well as non-apoptotic pathways of programmed cell death. Apoptosis is characterized by several morphological changes that include cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, membrane blebbing and cytoplasmic fragmentation by both mitochondria- as well as death receptor-mediated pathways in encircling granulosa cells and oocyte. Although necroapoptosis have been implicated in germ cell depletion, autophagy seems to play an active role in the life and death decisions of ovarian follicles. Autophagy is morphologically characterized by intracellular reorganization of membranes and increased number of autophagic vesicles that engulf bulk cytoplasm as well as organelles. Autophagy begins with the encapsulation of cytoplasmic constituents in a membrane sac known as autophagosomes. The autophagic vesicles are then destroyed by the lysosomal enzymes such as hydrolases that results in follicular atresia. It seems that apoptosis as well as autophagy could play active roles in germ cells depletion from ovary. Hence, it is important to prevent these two pathways in order to retain the germ cells in ovary of several mammalian species that are either threatened or at the verge of extinction. The involvement of apoptosis and autophagy in germ cell depletion from mammalian ovary is reviewed and possible pathways have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Yadav
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Meenakshi Tiwari
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Anumegha Gupta
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Alka Sharma
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Shilpa Prasad
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Ashutosh N Pandey
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
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Wang JJ, Ge W, Liu JC, Klinger FG, Dyce PW, De Felici M, Shen W. Complete in vitro oogenesis: retrospects and prospects. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1845-1852. [PMID: 28841213 PMCID: PMC5635224 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of mammalian oogenesis has been a traditional focus of reproductive and developmental biology research. Recently, new reports have introduced the possibility of obtaining functional gametes derived in vitro from stem cells. The potential to produce functional gametes from stem cells has exciting applications for regenerative medicine though still remains challenging. In mammalian females ovulation and fertilization is a privilege reserved for a small number of oocytes. In reality the vast majority of oocytes formed from primordial germ cells (PGCs) will undergo apoptosis, or other forms of cell death. Removal occurs during germ cell cyst breakdown and the establishment of the primordial follicle (PF) pool, during the long dormancy at the PF stage, or through follicular atresia prior to reaching the ovulatory stage. A way to solve this limitation could be to produce large numbers of oocytes, in vitro, from stem cells. However, to recapitulate mammalian oogenesis and produce fertilizable oocytes in vitro is a complex process involving several different cell types, precise follicular cell-oocyte reciprocal interactions, a variety of nutrients and combinations of cytokines, and precise growth factors and hormones depending on the developmental stage. In 2016, two papers published by Morohaku et al. and Hikabe et al. reported in vitro procedures that appear to reproduce efficiently these conditions allowing for the production, completely in a dish, of a relatively large number of oocytes that are fertilizable and capable of giving rise to viable offspring in the mouse. The present article offers a critical overview of these results as well as other previous work performed mainly in mouse attempting to reproduce oogenesis completely in vitro and considers some perspectives for the potential to adapt the methods to produce functional human oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jing-Cai Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Francesca Gioia Klinger
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Paul W Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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31
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Man L, Lekovich J, Rosenwaks Z, Gerhardt J. Fragile X-Associated Diminished Ovarian Reserve and Primary Ovarian Insufficiency from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Manifestations. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:290. [PMID: 28955201 PMCID: PMC5600956 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the FMR1 gene located on the X-chromosome, which leads to the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability in males and the leading single-gene defect associated with autism. A full mutation (FM) is represented by more than 200 CGG repeats within the FMR1 gene, resulting in FXS. A FM is inherited from women carrying a FM or a premutation (PM; 55–200 CGG repeats) allele. PM is associated with phenotypes distinct from those associated with FM. Some manifestations of the PM are unique; fragile-X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), and fragile-X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI), while others tend to be non-specific such as intellectual disability. In addition, women carrying a PM may suffer from subfertility or infertility. There is a need to elucidate whether the impairment of ovarian function found in PM carriers arises during the primordial germ cell (PGC) development stage, or due to a rapidly diminishing oocyte pool throughout life or even both. Due to the possibility of expansion into a FM in the next generation, and other ramifications, carrying a PM can have an enormous impact on one’s life; therefore, preconception counseling for couples carrying the PM is of paramount importance. In this review, we will elaborate on the clinical manifestations in female PM carriers and propose the definition of fragile-X-associated diminished ovarian reserve (FXDOR), then we will review recent scientific findings regarding possible mechanisms leading to FXDOR and FXPOI. Lastly, we will discuss counseling, preventative measures and interventions available for women carrying a PM regarding different aspects of their reproductive life, fertility treatment, pregnancy, prenatal testing, contraception and fertility preservation options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Man
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Jovana Lekovich
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Zev Rosenwaks
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Jeannine Gerhardt
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineNew York, NY, United States
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32
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Gebel J, Tuppi M, Krauskopf K, Coutandin D, Pitzius S, Kehrloesser S, Osterburg C, Dötsch V. Control mechanisms in germ cells mediated by p53 family proteins. J Cell Sci 2017:jcs.204859. [PMID: 28794013 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells are totipotent and, in principle, immortal as they are the source for new germ cells in each generation. This very special role requires tight quality control systems. The p53 protein family constitutes one of the most important quality surveillance systems in cells. Whereas p53 has become famous for its role as the guardian of the genome in its function as the most important somatic tumor suppressor, p63 has been nicknamed 'guardian of the female germ line'. p63 is strongly expressed in resting oocytes and responsible for eliminating those that carry DNA double-strand breaks. The third family member, p73, acts later during oocyte and embryo development by ensuring correct assembly of the spindle assembly checkpoint. In addition to its role in the female germ line, p73 regulates cell-cell contacts between developing sperm cells and supporting somatic cells in the male germ line. Here, we review the involvement of the p53 protein family in the development of germ cells with a focus on quality control in the female germ line and discuss medical implications for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gebel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Marcel Tuppi
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Katharina Krauskopf
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Daniel Coutandin
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Susanne Pitzius
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kehrloesser
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
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33
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Wang C, Zhou B, Xia G. Mechanisms controlling germline cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2547-2566. [PMID: 28197668 PMCID: PMC11107689 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In fetal females, oogonia proliferate immediately after sex determination. The progress of mitosis in oogonia proceeds so rapidly that the incompletely divided cytoplasm of the sister cells forms cysts. The oogonia will then initiate meiosis and arrest at the diplotene stage of meiosis I, becoming oocytes. Within each germline cyst, oocytes with Balbiani bodies will survive after cyst breakdown (CBD). After CBD, each oocyte is enclosed by pre-granulosa cells to form a primordial follicle (PF). Notably, the PF pool formed perinatally will be the sole lifelong oocyte source of a female. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms of CBD and PF formation is not only meaningful for solving mysteries related to ovarian development but also contributes to the preservation of reproduction. However, the mechanisms that regulate these phenomena are largely unknown. This review summarizes the progress of cellular and molecular research on these processes in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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34
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Garg N, Sinclair DA. Oogonial stem cells as a model to study age-associated infertility in women. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:969-74. [PMID: 25897831 DOI: 10.1071/rd14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility is the first biological process to break down during aging, thereby making it a useful tool to understand fundamental processes of aging. Reproductive aging in females is associated with a loss of ovarian function characterised by a reduction in the number and quality of oocytes. The central dogma, namely that females are born with a fixed pool of oocytes that progressively decline with increasing maternal age, has been challenged by evidence supporting postnatal oogenesis in mammals. Reports demonstrating formation of new oocytes from newly discovered germline stem cells, referred to as oogonial stem cells (OSCs), has opened new avenues for treatment of female infertility. In this review we discuss why the OSCs possibly lose their regenerative potential over time, and focus specifically on the aging process in germline stem cells as a possible mechanism for understanding female age-related infertility and how we can slow or delay ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Garg
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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35
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Sun YC, Sun XF, Dyce PW, Shen W, Chen H. The role of germ cell loss during primordial follicle assembly: a review of current advances. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:449-457. [PMID: 28529453 PMCID: PMC5436565 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.18836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In most female mammals, early germline development begins with the appearance of primordial germ cells (PGCs), and develops to form mature oocytes following several vital processes. It remains well accepted that significant germ cell apoptosis and oocyte loss takes place around the time of birth. The transition of the ovarian environment from fetal to neonatal, coincides with the loss of germ cells and the timing of follicle formation. All told it is common to lose approximately two thirds of germ cells during this transition period. The current consensus is that germ cell loss can be attributed, at least in part, to programmed cell death (PCD). Recently, autophagy has been implicated as playing a part in germ cell loss during the time of parturition. In this review, we discuss the major opinions and mechanisms of mammalian ovarian PCD during the process of germ cell loss. We also pay close attention to the function of autophagy in germ cell loss, and speculate that autophagy may also serve as a critical and necessary process during the establishment of primordial follicle pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Paul W Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
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36
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Tucker EJ, Grover SR, Bachelot A, Touraine P, Sinclair AH. Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: New Perspectives on Genetic Cause and Phenotypic Spectrum. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:609-635. [PMID: 27690531 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one form of female infertility, defined by loss of ovarian activity before the age of 40 and characterized by amenorrhea (primary or secondary) with raised gonadotropins and low estradiol. POI affects up to one in 100 females, including one in 1000 before the age of 30. Substantial evidence suggests a genetic basis for POI; however, the majority of cases remain unexplained, indicating that genes likely to be associated with this condition are yet to be discovered. This review discusses the current knowledge of the genetic basis of POI. We highlight genes typically known to cause syndromic POI that can be responsible for isolated POI. The role of mouse models in understanding POI pathogenesis is discussed, and a thorough list of candidate POI genes is provided. Identifying a genetic basis for POI has multiple advantages, such as enabling the identification of presymptomatic family members who can be offered counseling and cryopreservation of eggs before depletion, enabling personalized treatment based on the cause of an individual's condition, and providing better understanding of disease mechanisms that ultimately aid the development of improved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J Tucker
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia; Department of Paediatrics (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (S.R.G.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (A.B., P.T.), IE3M, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 University, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.B., P.T.), 75654 Paris, France
| | - Sonia R Grover
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia; Department of Paediatrics (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (S.R.G.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (A.B., P.T.), IE3M, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 University, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.B., P.T.), 75654 Paris, France
| | - Anne Bachelot
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia; Department of Paediatrics (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (S.R.G.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (A.B., P.T.), IE3M, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 University, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.B., P.T.), 75654 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia; Department of Paediatrics (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (S.R.G.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (A.B., P.T.), IE3M, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 University, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.B., P.T.), 75654 Paris, France
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia; Department of Paediatrics (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (S.R.G.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (A.B., P.T.), IE3M, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 University, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.B., P.T.), 75654 Paris, France
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Zhang T, Shen W, De Felici M, Zhang XF. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: Adverse effects on folliculogenesis that cannot be neglected. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:579-588. [PMID: 27530864 DOI: 10.1002/em.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Primordial follicle formation and the subsequent transition of follicles through primary and secondary stages constitute crucial events of oogenesis. In particular, in mammals, defects in the processes that precede and accompany the formation of the primordial follicle pool can affect the size of this population significantly, while alterations in follicle activation, growth and maturation can result in premature depletion of the follicle reserve or cause follicle arrest at immature stages. Over the last decade, in vitro and in vivo approaches have been used to provide evidence that exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP), the most widely used plasticizer, has a deleterious effect on various stages of folliculogenesis in rodents. There is growing concern, supported by epidemiological and experimental data, that DEHP may have similar effects in women. This article reviews the evidence, with particular reference to our own findings, that DEHP may actually exert a variety of adverse effects on mammalian folliculogenesis from early to final stages of oogenesis, including altered development of the primordial germ cells, impaired fetal oocyte survival and meiotic progression, reduced oocyte nest breakdown, acceleration of primordial follicle activation, altered follicle steroidogenesis and increased follicle atresia. These effects can cause serious complications for reproductive and nonreproductive women's health. In addition, emerging data indicate that phthalates, including DEHP, may cause subtle epigenetic changes in germ cells that can be transmitted to subsequent generations, with potential negative effects on human health. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:589-604, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, 00133, Italy.
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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38
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Teng H, Sui X, Zhou C, Shen C, Yang Y, Zhang P, Guo X, Huo R. Fatty acid degradation plays an essential role in proliferation of mouse female primordial germ cells via the p53-dependent cell cycle regulation. Cell Cycle 2015; 15:425-31. [PMID: 26716399 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1127473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic founders of germ cells that ultimately differentiate into oocytes and spermatogonia. Embryonic proliferation of PGCs starting from E11.5 ensures the presence of germ cells in adulthood, especially in female mammals whose total number of oocytes declines after this initial proliferation period. To better understand mechanisms underlying PGC proliferation in female mice, we constructed a proteome profile of female mouse gonads at E11.5. Subsequent KEGG pathway analysis of the 3,662 proteins profiled showed significant enrichment of pathways involved in fatty acid degradation. Further, the number of PGCs found in in vitro cultured fetal gonads significantly decreased with application of etomoxir, an inhibitor of the key rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid degradation carnitine acyltransferase I (CPT1). Decrease in PGCs was further determined to be the result of reduced proliferation rather than apoptosis. The inhibition of fatty acid degradation by etomoxir has the potential to activate the Ca(2+)/CamKII/5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway; while as an upstream activator, activated AMPK can function as activator of p53 to induce cell cycle arrest. Thus, we detected the expressional level of AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK (P-AMPK), phosphorylated p53 (P-p53) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) by Western blots, the results showed increased expression of them after treatment with etomoxir, suggested the activation of p53 pathway was the reason for reduced proliferation of PGCs. Finally, the involvement of p53-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest in defective proliferation of PGCs was verified by rescue experiments. Our results demonstrate that fatty acid degradation plays an important role in proliferation of female PGCs via the p53-dependent cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Teng
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine , Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Sui
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine , Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine , Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Cong Shen
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine , Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Ye Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine , Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Pang Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine , Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine , Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Ran Huo
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine , Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
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Physiologic Course of Female Reproductive Function: A Molecular Look into the Prologue of Life. J Pregnancy 2015; 2015:715735. [PMID: 26697222 PMCID: PMC4678088 DOI: 10.1155/2015/715735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms underlying female reproduction are numerous and sophisticated, displaying complex functional evolution throughout a woman's lifetime. This vital course may be systematized in three subsequent stages: prenatal development of ovaries and germ cells up until in utero arrest of follicular growth and the ensuing interim suspension of gonadal function; onset of reproductive maturity through puberty, with reinitiation of both gonadal and adrenal activity; and adult functionality of the ovarian cycle which permits ovulation, a key event in female fertility, and dictates concurrent modifications in the endometrium and other ovarian hormone-sensitive tissues. Indeed, the ultimate goal of this physiologic progression is to achieve ovulation and offer an adequate environment for the installation of gestation, the consummation of female fertility. Strict regulation of these processes is important, as disruptions at any point in this evolution may equate a myriad of endocrine-metabolic disturbances for women and adverse consequences on offspring both during pregnancy and postpartum. This review offers a summary of pivotal aspects concerning the physiologic course of female reproductive function.
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Ge W, Chen C, De Felici M, Shen W. In vitro differentiation of germ cells from stem cells: a comparison between primordial germ cells and in vitro derived primordial germ cell-like cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1906. [PMID: 26469955 PMCID: PMC4632295 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are unique cell types capable to proliferate, some of them indefinitely, while maintaining the ability to differentiate into a few or any cell lineages. In 2003, a group headed by Hans R. Schöler reported that oocyte-like cells could be produced from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. After more than 10 years, where have these researches reached? Which are the major successes achieved and the problems still remaining to be solved? Although during the last years, many reviews have been published about these topics, in the present work, we will focus on an aspect that has been little considered so far, namely a strict comparison between the in vitro and in vivo developmental capabilities of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) isolated from the embryo and the PGC-like cells (PGC-LCs) produced in vitro from different types of stem cells in the mouse, the species in which most investigation has been carried out. Actually, the formation and differentiation of PGCs are crucial for both male and female gametogenesis, and the faithful production of PGCs in vitro represents the basis for obtaining functional germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ge
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - C Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - M De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - W Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Suzuki H, Kanai-Azuma M, Kanai Y. From Sex Determination to Initial Folliculogenesis in Mammalian Ovaries: Morphogenetic Waves along the Anteroposterior and Dorsoventral Axes. Sex Dev 2015; 9:190-204. [DOI: 10.1159/000440689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Mansouri V, Salehi M, Nourozian M, Fadaei F, Farahani RM, Piryaei A, Delbari A. The ability of mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells to differentiate into primordial germ cells. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:220-6. [PMID: 26273226 PMCID: PMC4530652 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738138120140213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (ntESCs) show stem cell characteristics such as pluripotency but cause no immunological disorders. Although ntESCs are able to differentiate into somatic cells, the ability of ntESCs to differentiate into primordial germ cells (PGCs) has not been examined. In this work, we examined the capacity of mouse ntESCs to differentiate into PGCs in vitro. ntESCs aggregated to form embryoid bodies (EB) in EB culture medium supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) as the differentiation factor. The expression level of specific PGC genes was compared at days 4 and 8 using real time PCR. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemical staining were used to detect Mvh as a specific PGC marker. ntESCs expressed particular genes related to different stages of PGC development. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemical staining confirmed the presence of Mvh protein in a small number of cells. There were significant differences between cells that differentiated into PGCs in the group treated with Bmp4 compared to non-treated cells. These findings indicate that ntESCs can differentiate into putative PGCs. Improvement of ntESC differentiation into PGCs may be a reliable means of producing mature germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nourozian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fadaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mastery Farahani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Delbari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Chassot AA, Gillot I, Chaboissier MC. R-spondin1, WNT4, and the CTNNB1 signaling pathway: strict control over ovarian differentiation. Reproduction 2014; 148:R97-110. [PMID: 25187620 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sex differentiation is a unique developmental process. Starting from a bipotential gonad, it gives rise to the ovary and the testis, two highly specialized organs that differ morphologically and physiologically despite sharing common reproductive and endocrine functions. This highlights the specific plasticity of the gonadal precursors and the existence of complex antagonistic genetic regulation. Mammalian sex determination is controlled by paternal transmission of the Y-linked gene, sex-determining region Y (SRY). Using mouse models, it has been shown that the main role of Sry is to activate the expression of the transcription factor Sox9; either one of these two genes is necessary and sufficient to allow testicular development through Sertoli cell differentiation. Thus, defects in SRY/Sry and/or SOX9/Sox9 expression result in male-to-female sex reversal of XY individuals. Molecular mechanisms governing ovarian differentiation remained unknown for a long time, until the discovery of the roles of R-spondin1 (RSPO1) and WNT4. In XX individuals, activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway by the secreted proteins RSPO1 and WNT4 is required to allow granulosa cell differentiation and, in turn, ovarian differentiation. Thus, mutations in RSPO1 result in female-to-male sex reversal of XX patients, and mouse models have allowed the identification of genetic cascades activated by RSPO1 and WNT4 to regulate ovarian development. In this review, we will discuss the respective roles of RSPO1, WNT4, and the β-catenin signaling pathway during ovarian differentiation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Amandine Chassot
- University of Nice-Sophia AntipolisParc Valrose, F-06108 Nice, FranceUMR-INSERM1091IBV, F-06108 Nice, France University of Nice-Sophia AntipolisParc Valrose, F-06108 Nice, FranceUMR-INSERM1091IBV, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Gillot
- University of Nice-Sophia AntipolisParc Valrose, F-06108 Nice, FranceUMR-INSERM1091IBV, F-06108 Nice, France University of Nice-Sophia AntipolisParc Valrose, F-06108 Nice, FranceUMR-INSERM1091IBV, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chaboissier
- University of Nice-Sophia AntipolisParc Valrose, F-06108 Nice, FranceUMR-INSERM1091IBV, F-06108 Nice, France University of Nice-Sophia AntipolisParc Valrose, F-06108 Nice, FranceUMR-INSERM1091IBV, F-06108 Nice, France
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Inserra PIF, Leopardo NP, Willis MA, Freysselinard AL, Vitullo AD. Quantification of healthy and atretic germ cells and follicles in the developing and post-natal ovary of the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus: evidence of continuous rise of the germinal reserve. Reproduction 2013; 147:199-209. [PMID: 24231369 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The female germ line in mammals is subjected to massive cell death that eliminates 60-85% of the germinal reserve by birth and continues from birth to adulthood until the exhaustion of the germinal pool. Germ cell demise occurs mainly through apoptosis by means of a biased expression in favour of pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 gene family. By contrast, the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, exhibits sustained expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene throughout gestation and a low incidence of germ cell apoptosis. This led to the proposal that, in the absence of death mechanisms other than apoptosis, the female germ line should increase continuously from foetal life until after birth. In this study, we quantified all healthy germ cells and follicles in the ovaries of L. maximus from early foetal life to day 60 after birth using unbiased stereological methods and detected apoptosis by labelling with TUNEL assay. The healthy germ cell population increased continuously from early-developing ovary reaching a 50 times higher population number by the end of gestation. TUNEL-positive germ cells were <0.5% of the germ cell number, except at mid-gestation (3.62%). Mitotic proliferation, entrance into prophase I stage and primordial follicle formation occurred as overlapping processes from early pregnancy to birth. Germ cell number remained constant in early post-natal life, but a remnant population of non-follicular VASA- and PCNA-positive germ cells still persisted at post-natal day 60. L. maximus is the first mammal so far described in which female germ line develops in the absence of constitutive massive germ cell elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I F Inserra
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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45
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Olovnikov AM. Why do primordial germ cells migrate through an embryo and what does it mean for biological evolution? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:1190-9. [PMID: 24237154 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An explanation of the role of primordial germ cell (PGC) migration during embryogenesis is proposed. According to the hypothesis, various PGCs during their migrations through an early embryo are contacting with anlagen of organs and acquiring nonidentical organ specificities. An individual PGC gets such an organ specificity, which corresponds to specificity of the first anlage with which this PGC has the first contact. As a result, the cellular descendants of PGCs (oocytes or spermatocytes) will express nonidentical organ-specific receptors, hence becoming functionally heterogeneous. Therefore, each clone of germ cells becomes capable of recognizing specifically the molecular signals that correspond only to "its" organ of the body. Such signals are produced by the body's organ when it functions in an extreme mode. Signals from the "exercising" organ of the body are delivered to the gonad only via the brain retransmitter, which is composed of neurons grouped as virtual organs of a homunculus. Homunculi are so-called somatotopic maps of the skeletomotor and other parts of the body represented in the brain. Signals, as complexes of regulatory RNAs and proteins, are transported from the "exercising" organ of the body to the corresponding virtual organ of the homunculus where they are processed and then forwarded to the gonad. The organ-specific signal will be selectively recognized by certain gametocytes according to their organ specificity, and then it will initiate the directed epimutation in the gametocyte genome. The nonrandomness of the gene order in chromosomes, that is the synteny and genetic map, is controlled by the so-called creatron that consolidates the soma and germline into a united system, providing the possibility of evolutionary responses of an organism to environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Olovnikov
- Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125319, Russia.
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46
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Bellingham M, Amezaga MR, Mandon-Pepin B, Speers CJ, Kyle CE, Evans NP, Sharpe RM, Cotinot C, Rhind SM, Fowler PA. Exposure to chemical cocktails before or after conception--- the effect of timing on ovarian development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 376:156-72. [PMID: 23791816 PMCID: PMC3731555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of female fetuses to environmental chemicals (ECs) during pregnancy results in a disturbed ovarian adult phenotype. We investigated the influence of pre- and/or post-conception exposure to low-level mixtures of ECs on the structure and function of the fetal ovine ovary. We examined ovarian morphology, expression of oocyte and granulosa cell-specific genes and proteome. Female fetuses were collected at day 110 of gestation, from dams exposed continuously until, and after mating, by grazing in pastures treated with sewage sludge as a fertiliser (TT) or in control fields treated with inorganic fertiliser (CC). In addition, in a cross-over design, fetal ovaries were collected from dams maintained on sludge pastures up to the time of mating but then transferred to control pastures (TC) and, reciprocally, those transferred from control to treated pastures at mating (CT). On examination, the proportion of type 1a follicles (activating primordial follicles) was significantly lower in animals from the CT groups compared with CC and TT groups (P<0.05). Of the 23 ovarian gene transcripts studied, 14 were altered in the ovaries of exposed fetuses (CT, TC, and TT) relative to controls, with the largest number of changes observed in cross-exposure pattern groups (CT or TC). Continuous EC exposure (TT) produced fewer transcript alterations and only two genes (INHBA and GSN) presented differential profiles between CC and TT. Fetal ovarian proteome analysis (2-DE gels) showed, across all exposure groups, 86 differentially expressed protein spots compared to controls. Animals in the CT group exhibited the highest number (53) while TC and TT presented the same number of affected protein spots (42). Fetal ovarian proteins with altered expression included MVP (major vault protein) and several members of the heat-shock family (HSPA4L, HSP90AA1 and HSF1). The present findings indicate that continuous maternal EC exposure before and during gestation, are less deleterious for fetal ovarian development than a change in maternal EC exposure between pre and post-conception. The pathways by which the ovary responds to this chemical stress were common in TT, CT, TC exposed foetuses. In addition to the period of pregnancy, the pre-conception period appears also as crucial for conditioning long-term effects of EC exposure on ovarian development and primordial follicle reserve and hence future fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bellingham
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Maria R. Amezaga
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Beatrice Mandon-Pepin
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christopher J.B. Speers
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Carol E. Kyle
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Neil P. Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Richard M. Sharpe
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Corinne Cotinot
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stewart M. Rhind
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Paul A. Fowler
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Corresponding author. Address: Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK. Tel.: +44 1224 437528; fax: +44 1224 437465.
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Caspase 9 is constitutively activated in mouse oocytes and plays a key role in oocyte elimination during meiotic prophase progression. Dev Biol 2013; 377:213-23. [PMID: 23384561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In many mammalian species, more than half of the initial oocyte population is eliminated by neonatal life, thus limiting the oocyte reserve for reproduction. The cause or mechanism of this major oocyte loss remains poorly understood. We examined the apoptotic pathway involved in oocyte elimination in wild-type mouse ovaries as well as in Msh5 -/- ovaries, in which all oocytes were eliminated due to a lack of double strand break repair. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence staining showed that an initiator caspase 9 and an effector caspase 7 were constitutively activated in almost all oocytes in fetal ovaries regardless of their genotypes. In caspase 9 -/- ovaries, the total number of oocytes remained high while that in wild-type ovaries steadily declined during ovarian development. Therefore, the activation of caspase 9 was required for but did not immediately lead to oocyte demise. We found that XIAP, an endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis, was also abundant in oocytes during meiotic prophase progression. On the other hand, a cleaved form of PARP1, a target of effector caspases, was localized to the nuclei of a limited number of oocytes, and the frequency of cleaved PARP1-positive oocyte nuclei increased significantly higher before all oocytes disappeared in Msh5 -/- ovaries. We conclude that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway mediated by caspase 9 is constitutively activated in oocytes and renders the elimination of oocytes with meiotic errors, which can be captured by the cleavage of PARP1.
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Cakmak H, Fujimoto VY, Zamah AM, Rosen MP, Tran ND, Cedars MI, Rinaudo PF. Metaphase II (MII) oocytes obtained at different time points in the same in vitro fertilization cycle. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:1203-5. [PMID: 22941385 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Cakmak
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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Le Masson F, Razak Z, Kaigo M, Audouard C, Charry C, Cooke H, Westwood JT, Christians ES. Identification of heat shock factor 1 molecular and cellular targets during embryonic and adult female meiosis. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:3410-23. [PMID: 21690297 PMCID: PMC3147796 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.05237-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), while recognized as the major regulator of the heat shock transcriptional response, also exerts important functions during mammalian embryonic development and gametogenesis. In particular, HSF1 is required for oocyte maturation, the adult phase of meiosis preceding fertilization. To identify HSF1 target genes implicated in this process, comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed with wild-type and HSF-deficient oocytes. This revealed a network of meiotic genes involved in cohesin and synaptonemal complex (SC) structures, DNA recombination, and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). All of them were found to be regulated by HSF1 not only during adult but also in embryonic phases of female meiosis. Additional investigations showed that SC, recombination nodules, and DNA repair were affected in Hsf1(-/-) oocytes during prenatal meiotic prophase I. However, targeting Hsf1 deletion to postnatal oocytes (using Zp3 Cre; Hsf1(loxP/loxP)) did not fully rescue the chromosomal anomalies identified during meiotic maturation, which possibly caused a persistent SAC activation. This would explain the metaphase I arrest previously described in HSF1-deficient oocytes since SAC inhibition circumvented this block. This work provides new insights into meiotic gene regulation and points out potential links between cellular stress and the meiotic anomalies frequently observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Le Masson
- Université Toulouse 3, UPS, UMR 5547, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 route de Narbonne (Bat 4R3B3), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Zak Razak
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mo Kaigo
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christophe Audouard
- Université Toulouse 3, UPS, UMR 5547, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 route de Narbonne (Bat 4R3B3), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Colette Charry
- Université Toulouse 3, UPS, UMR 5547, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 route de Narbonne (Bat 4R3B3), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Howard Cooke
- Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - J. Timothy Westwood
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisabeth S. Christians
- Université Toulouse 3, UPS, UMR 5547, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 route de Narbonne (Bat 4R3B3), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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Yao YW, Shi Y, Jia ZF, Jiang YH, Gu Z, Wang J, Aljofan M, Sun ZG. PTOV1 is associated with UCH-L1 and in response to estrogen stimuli during the mouse oocyte development. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 136:205-15. [PMID: 21678139 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the biological significance of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) involvement in oocyte maturation, we screened for proteins that bound to UCH-L1 in mouse ovaries, and we found that the prostate tumor overexpressed-1 (PTOV1) protein was able to bind to UCH-L1. PTOV1 is highly expressed in prostate cancers and considered as a potential marker for carcinogenesis and the progress of prostate cancer. It was reported that PTOV1 plays an important role in cell cycle regulation, but its role in mammalian oocyte development and meiosis is still unclear. In this paper, it was found that the expression levels of PTOV1 in mouse ovaries progressively increased from prepubescence to adulthood. And we found by immunohistochemistry that PTOV1 spreaded in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of oocytes during prepuberty, but in normal adult mouse oocytes, it concentrated not only in nuclei but also on the plasma membrane, though in some oocytes with abnormal shapes, PTOV1 did not display the typical distribution patterns. In granulosa cells, however, it was found to locate in the cytoplasm at all the selected ages. In postnatal mouse ovaries (28 days), estradiol treatment induced the adult-specific distribution pattern of PTOV1 in oocytes. In addition, UCH-L1 was shown to be associated with CDK1, which participated in the regulation of cell cycle and oocyte maturation. Therefore, we propose that the distribution changes of PTOV1 are age-dependent, and significant for mouse oocyte development and maturation. Moreover, the discovery that PTOV1 is associated with UCH-L1 in mouse oocytes supports the explanations for that UCH-L1 is involved in oocyte development and maturation, especially under the regulation of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Yao
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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