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Hakami MA. An immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology approach to design a novel and potent multi-epitope base vaccine targeting Zika virus. BMC Chem 2024; 18:31. [PMID: 38350946 PMCID: PMC10865692 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is an infectious virus, that belongs to Flaviviridae family, which is transferred to humans through mosquito vectors and severely threatens human health; but, apart from available resources, no effective and secure vaccine is present against Zika virus, to prevent such infections. In current study, we employed structural vaccinology approach to design an epitope-based vaccine against Zika virus, which is biocompatible, and secure and might trigger an adaptive and innate immune response by using computational approaches. We first retrieved the protein sequence from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and carried out for BLAST P. After BLAST P, predicted protein sequences were shortlisted and checked for allergic features and antigenic properties. Final sequence of Zika virus, with accession number (APO40588.1) was selected based on high antigenic score and non-allergenicity. Final protein sequence used various computational approaches including antigenicity testing, toxicity evaluation, allergenicity, and conservancy assessment to identify superior B-cell and T-cell epitopes. Two B-cell epitopes, five MHC-six MHC-II epitopes and I were used to construct an immunogenic multi-epitope-based vaccine by using suitable linkers. A 50S ribosomal protein was added at N terminal to improve the immunogenicity of vaccine. In molecular docking, strong interactions were presented between constructed vaccine and Toll-like receptor 9 (- 1100.6 kcal/mol), suggesting their possible relevance in the immunological response to vaccine. The molecular dynamics simulations ensure the dynamic and structural stability of constructed vaccine. The results of C-immune simulation revealed that constructed vaccine activate B and T lymphocytes which induce high level of antibodies and cytokines to combat Zika infection. The constructed vaccine is an effective biomarker with non-sensitization, nontoxicity; nonallergic, good immunogenicity, and antigenicity, however, experimental assays are required to verify the results of present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Clinicopathologic features among different viral epidemic outbreaks involving the skin. Clin Dermatol 2022; 40:573-585. [PMID: 36509508 PMCID: PMC8219845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exceeded any epidemiologic prevision, but increasing information suggests some analogies with the major viral outbreaks in the last century, and a general warning has been issued on the possibility that coinfections can make the differential diagnosis and treatment difficult, especially in tropical countries. Some reports have noted that the presence of high dengue antibodies can give a false-negative result when testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Mucocutaneous manifestations are very frequent, with an apparent overlap among different pathogens. However, strong clinicopathologic correlation might provide some clues to address differentials. Waiting for laboratory and instrumental results, the timing and distribution of skin lesions is often pathognomonic. Histopathologic findings characterize certain reaction patterns and provide insights on pathogenetic mechanisms. Unfortunately, skin assessment, especially invasive examinations such as biopsy, takes a back seat in severely ill patients. A literature retrieval was performed to collect information from other epidemics to counteract what has become the most frightening disease of our time.
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Key Words
- (covid-19), coronavirus 2019 disease
- (who), world health organization
- (sars), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- (sars-cov-2), novel coronavirus
- (mers), middle east respiratory syndrome
- (r0), basic reproductive number
- (mis), multisystem inflammatory syndrome
- (iga), immunoglobulin a
- (ace-2), angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2
- (dengv), dengue virus
- (ttp), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- (vwf), von willebrand factor
- (cd1a), cluster of diffentiation 1-a
- (rt-pcr), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- (chikv), chikungunya virus
- (e1, e2), envelope glycoprotein
- (ifn-i), interferon-type-i
- (zikv), zika virus
- (ebov), ebola virus
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3
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Atzori L, Ferreli C, Mateeva V, Vassileva S, Rongioletti F. Clinicopathologic features between different viral epidemic outbreaks involving the skin. Clin Dermatol 2021; 39:405-417. [PMID: 34517998 PMCID: PMC8071581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exceeded any epidemiologic prevision, but increasing information suggests some analogies with the major viral outbreaks of the last century. A general warning has been issued on the possibility that coinfections can make differential diagnosis and treatment difficult, especially in tropical countries. Some reports have pointed out that the presence of high Dengue antibodies can give a false-negative result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Mucocutaneous manifestations are very frequent, with an apparent overlap among different pathogens. A strong clinicopathologic correlation, however, may provide some clues to address the differential. Waiting for laboratory and instrumental results, the timing and distribution of skin lesions is often pathognomonic. Histopathologic findings characterize certain reaction patterns and provide insights on pathogenetic mechanisms. Unfortunately, skin assessments, especially invasive exams such as biopsy, are less important in severely ill patients. A literature review was performed to collect information from other epidemics to counteract what has become the most frightening disease of our time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Atzori
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Valeria Mateeva
- Department of Dermatology, Sofia University of Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Snejina Vassileva
- Department of Dermatology, Sofia University of Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Vita-SaluteS.Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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4
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Zhang X, Li G, Chen G, Zhu N, Wu D, Wu Y, James TD. Recent progresses and remaining challenges for the detection of Zika virus. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2039-2108. [PMID: 33559917 DOI: 10.1002/med.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a particularly notorious mosquito-borne flavivirus, which can lead to a devastating congenital syndrome in the fetuses of pregnant mothers (e.g., microcephaly, spasticity, craniofacial disproportion, miscarriage, and ocular abnormalities) and cause the autoimmune disorder Guillain-Barre' syndrome of adults. Due to its severity and rapid dispersal over several continents, ZIKV has been acknowledged to be a global health concern by the World Health Organization. Unfortunately, the ZIKV has recently resurged in India with the potential for devastating effects. Researchers from all around the world have worked tirelessly to develop effective detection strategies and vaccines for the prevention and control of ZIKV infection. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the most recent research into ZIKV, including the structural biology and evolution, historical overview, pathogenesis, symptoms, and transmission. We then focus on the detection strategies for ZIKV, including viral isolation, serological assays, molecular assays, sensing methods, reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification, transcription-mediated amplification technology, reverse transcription strand invasion based amplification, bioplasmonic paper-based device, and reverse transcription isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification. To conclude, we examine the limitations of currently available strategies for the detection of ZIKV, and outline future opportunities and research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Niu Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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5
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Magalhaes T, Morais CNL, Jacques IJAA, Azevedo EAN, Brito AM, Lima PV, Carvalho GMM, Lima ARS, Castanha PMS, Cordeiro MT, Oliveira ALS, Jaenisch T, Lamb MM, Marques ETA, Foy BD. Follow-Up Household Serosurvey in Northeast Brazil for Zika Virus: Sexual Contacts of Index Patients Have the Highest Risk for Seropositivity. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:673-685. [PMID: 32888023 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is also transmitted sexually; however, the epidemiological relevance of ZIKV sexual transmission in endemic regions is unclear. METHODS We performed a household-based serosurvey in Northeast Brazil to evaluate the differential exposure to ZIKV and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) among households. Individuals who participated in our previous arboviral disease cohort (indexes) were recontacted and enrolled, and their household members were newly enrolled. RESULTS The relative risk of sexual partners being ZIKV-seropositive when living with a ZIKV-seropositive index participant was significantly higher, whereas this was not observed among nonsexual partners of the index. For CHIKV, both sexual and nonsexual partner household members living with a CHIKV-seropositive index had a significantly higher risk of being seropositive. In the nonindex-based dyadic and generalized linear mixed model analyses, the odds of sexual dyads having a concordant ZIKV plaque reduction neutralization test result was significantly higher. We have also analyzed retrospective clinical data according to the participants' exposure to ZIKV and CHIKV. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ZIKV sexual transmission may be a key factor for the high ZIKV seroprevalence among households in endemic areas and raises important questions about differential disease from the 2 modes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Magalhaes
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Clarice N L Morais
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Iracema J A A Jacques
- Department of Collective Health, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elisa A N Azevedo
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana M Brito
- Department of Collective Health, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Priscilla V Lima
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M M Carvalho
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Andreza R S Lima
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Priscila M S Castanha
- Infectious Disease and Microbiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Faculty of Medical Science, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marli T Cordeiro
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Andre L S Oliveira
- Statistics and Geoprocessing Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Center for Global Health, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Molly M Lamb
- Center for Global Health, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ernesto T A Marques
- Infectious Disease and Microbiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian D Foy
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Nazerai L, Schøller AS, Bassi MR, Buus S, Stryhn A, Christensen JP, Thomsen AR. Effector CD8 T Cell-Dependent Zika Virus Control in the CNS: A Matter of Time and Numbers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1977. [PMID: 32973802 PMCID: PMC7461798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, came into the spotlight in 2016 when it was found to be associated with an increased rate of microcephalic newborns in Brazil. The virus has further been recognized to cause neurologic complications in children and adults in the form of myelitis, encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and Guillain Barre Syndrome in a fraction of infected individuals. With the ultimate goal of identifying correlates of protection to guide the design of an effective vaccine, the study of the immune response to ZIKV infection has become the focus of research worldwide. Both innate and adaptive immune responses seem to be essential for controlling the infection. Induction of sufficient levels of neutralizing antibodies has been strongly correlated with protection against reinfection in various models, while the role of CD8 T cells as antiviral effectors in the CNS has been controversial. In an attempt to improve our understanding regarding the role of ZIKV-induced CD8 T cells in protective immunity inside the CNS, we have expanded on previous studies in intracranially infected mice. In a recent study, we have demonstrated that, peripheral ZIKV infection in adult C57BL/6 mice induces a robust CD8 T cell response that peaks within a week. In the present study, we used B cell deficient as well as wild-type mice to show that there is a race between CXCR3-dependent recruitment of the effector CD8 T cells and local ZIKV replication, and that CD8 T cells are capable of local viral control if they arrive in the brain early after viral invasion, in appropriate numbers and differentiation state. Our data highlight the benefits of considering this subset when designing vaccines against Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loulieta Nazerai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie Skak Schøller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rosaria Bassi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Buus
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Stryhn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Randrup Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Leontsini E, Maloney S, Ramírez M, Mazariegos LM, Juárez Chávez E, Kumar D, Parikh P, Hunter GC. Community Perspectives on Zika Virus Disease Prevention in Guatemala: A Qualitative Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:971-981. [PMID: 32100677 PMCID: PMC7204582 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus, which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and through sexual transmission, disproportionally affects the human fetus. Guatemala experienced a surge of Zika cases beginning in 2016. We conducted a qualitative study of community perceptions of the seriousness of Zika, as well as the effectiveness, feasibility, and collective efficacy of Zika prevention actions. Free listing elicited the preventive actions salient for 68 participants comprising pregnant women, men with a pregnant partner, and women likely to become pregnant; 12 focus group discussions in a highland and a lowland town explored other concepts through rank orderings of prevention practices depicted on cards. Participants' initial concern about Zika, based on recent experience with chikungunya and high media coverage, diminished because of its mild symptoms and reduced media coverage. Participants identified more than 32 salient preventive actions, many of which are considered effective by programs. Participants ranked water storage container cleaning and regular unspecified cleaning of the house and its surroundings as highly effective, feasible, and of high collective efficacy; however, the actions lacked the specificity needed to effectively destroy mosquito eggs. Community-level removal of tires and discarded containers had lower collective efficacy than household-level implementation because of the municipal and community cooperation needed. Condom use, although salient for Zika prevention, was hindered by gender roles. The findings indicate space for increasing self-efficacy for condom use among fathers-to-be, abandoning nonspecific terms such as "cleaning" and "standing water," increasing people's skills in using bleach as an ovicide, and promoting antenatal care and family planning counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Leontsini
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sean Maloney
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Diana Kumar
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Priya Parikh
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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"Too Much to Ask, Too Much to Handle": Women's Coping in Times of Zika. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124613. [PMID: 32604943 PMCID: PMC7344537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of congenital brain abnormalities. Its consequences for pregnancies have made governments and both national and international agencies issue advice and recommendations to women. This study was designed to understand the impacts of Zika on women who were less directly affected and less vulnerable to Zika. Women were recruited from various locations in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the United States. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Women perceived that public health systems placed an unfair responsibility for preventing health complications from Zika onto women who had limited ability to do so. They also stated that the measures recommended to them were invasive, while creating the perception that women were the sole determinant of whether they contracted Zika. The results indicate that women with higher levels of education understood the limitations of the information, government actions, and medical care they received, which ended up producing higher levels of anguish and worry. Gender inequality and discrimination must be recognized and rendered visible in the public health emergency response. The social effects of the epidemic affected women more than had been thought before and at deeper emotional levels.
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9
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Rosenberg ES, Doyle K, Munoz-Jordan JL, Klein L, Adams L, Lozier M, Weiss K, Sharp TM, Paz-Bailey G. Prevalence and Incidence of Zika Virus Infection Among Household Contacts of Patients With Zika Virus Disease, Puerto Rico, 2016-2017. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:932-939. [PMID: 30544195 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the prevalence or incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in settings affected by the 2015-2016 Zika pandemic and associated risk factors. We assessed these factors among household contacts of patients with ZIKV disease enrolled in a cohort study in Puerto Rico during 2016-2017. METHODS Household contacts of index case patients completed a questionnaire and gave specimens for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing to detect ZIKV infection. We measured the prevalence of ZIKV infection among contacts and associated individual and household factors, examined sexual transmission using a sexual-networks approach, and assessed incident infection among initially uninfected household contacts 2-4 months later. RESULTS Of 366 contacts, 34.4% had evidence of ZIKV infection at enrollment, including 11.2% by RT-PCR. Having open doors and windows that were either screened (prevalence ratio [PR], 2.1 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2-3.6]) or unscreened (PR, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.5-4.1]) was associated with increased prevalence. Sexual partners were more likely to both be RT-PCR positive relative to other relationships (odds ratio, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1-4.5]). At follow-up, 6.1% of contacts had evidence of incident infection. CONCLUSIONS This study identified sexual contact as a risk factor for ZIKV infection. Persons living with ZIKV-infected individuals should be a focus of public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli S Rosenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer
| | - Kate Doyle
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jorge L Munoz-Jordan
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Liore Klein
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Tennessee
| | - Laura Adams
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Matthew Lozier
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kevin Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tyler M Sharp
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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10
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Iguiñiz-Romero R, Guerra-Reyes L. On the front line: Health professionals and system preparedness for Zika virus in Peru. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 148 Suppl 2:45-54. [PMID: 31975393 PMCID: PMC7064929 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To analyze the initial healthcare response to the Zika virus in Piura, Peru, and assess the perceptions of midwives and nurses regarding their role in prevention of Zika virus and management of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Methods This ethnographic study used a rapid qualitative assessment design. Data were collected through a focus group with midwives and in‐depth interviews with midwives (n=11) and nurses (n=5). Results The focus of the early Zika virus response in Piura was on pregnant women and vector control. Midwives received some training on Zika‐related care during the early response. Nurses did not receive any Zika‐specific training. Neither nurses nor midwives were trained in neonatal CZS surveillance. Midwives were clear about the value and feasibility of incorporating Zika virus surveillance in their daily work, however nurses were not. They referred to lack of training and appropriate tools as limitations. Confusion about Zika virus and CZS symptomatology and effects persisted in both groups. Concerns about their own personal risk influenced the ways they engaged with Zika virus prevention in the community. Conclusion Long‐term management of endemic Zika virus in Piura will require the engagement of both nurses and midwives as primary care providers. A cost‐effective and culturally competent approach should include a broader focus on family planning and child development surveillance. This requires cross‐disciplinary collaboration between nurses and midwives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Iguiñiz-Romero
- School of Public Health and Administration, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
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11
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Nagy O, Nagy A, Tóth S, Pályi B, Vargáné Koroknai A, Takács M. Imported Zika virus infections in Hungary between 2016 and 2018. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2019; 66:423-442. [PMID: 31658836 DOI: 10.1556/030.66.2019.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with significant public health concern due to its association with neurological symptoms and intrauterine malformations. Although it is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas, sexual transmission raises the possibility of autochthonous spreading elsewhere. We describe the first laboratory diagnosed imported Zika-infections of Hungary, to highlight the challenges of microbiological identification of the pathogen, caused by serological cross-reactivity and short viremia. Serological examination was carried out using indirect immunofluorescent assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque-reduction neutralization test was used for verification purposes. A wide range of clinical specimens: serum, whole-blood, urine, saliva, and semen were analyzed by molecular methods, and sequencing was applied in case of PCR positive results to identify the virus strain. Zika-infected patients with previous vaccination against flaviviruses or possible flavivirus infection in the past showed high serological cross-reactivity, and even cross-neutralizing antibodies were observed. Zika virus RNA could be detected in urine specimen in case of two patients, and in EDTA-anticoagulated whole-blood sample of one patient. The detected strains belong to the Asian lineage of the virus. We presume that serological investigation of imported Zika virus could be altered by infections, vaccination of endemic flaviviruses in Hungary and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Nagy
- 1 Department of Virology, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
- 2 Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Nagy
- 1 Department of Virology, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Tóth
- 3 Central Hospital of Southern Pest – National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- 1 Department of Virology, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Mária Takács
- 1 Department of Virology, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
- 2 Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Poveda-Cuevas SA, Etchebest C, Barroso da Silva FL. Identification of Electrostatic Epitopes in Flavivirus by Computer Simulations: The PROCEEDpKa Method. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 60:944-963. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Poveda-Cuevas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Programa Interunidades em Bioinformática, Rua do Matão, 1010, BR, 05508-090 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Av. Café, s/no−Campus da USP, BR, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics, Av. do Café, s/no−FCFRP, Bloco B, BR, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catherine Etchebest
- Université de Paris, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, F-75015 Paris, France
- Equipe 2, Dynamique des Structures et des Interactions Moléculaires, Université Paris Diderot−Paris 7, INTS, 6 Rue Alexandre Cabanel, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- University of São Paulo-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics, Av. do Café, s/no−FCFRP, Bloco B, BR, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando L. Barroso da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Programa Interunidades em Bioinformática, Rua do Matão, 1010, BR, 05508-090 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Av. Café, s/no−Campus da USP, BR, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics, Av. do Café, s/no−FCFRP, Bloco B, BR, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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13
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Saa P, Chiu C, Grimm K, Yu G, Benjamin RJ, Corash L, Stramer SL. Acute Zika virus infection in an asymptomatic blood donor at the onset of the Puerto Rico epidemic. Transfusion 2019; 59:3164-3170. [PMID: 31407817 PMCID: PMC6785374 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) spread to Puerto Rico likely originated from southeastern Brazil approximately 8.5 months earlier than blood donation screening for ZIKV was initiated, but the time of ZIKV introduction in the blood donor population remains unknown. METHODS To better understand when arboviral infections first appeared in the blood donor pool in Puerto Rico, we retrospectively screened for ZIKV RNA (as well as chikungunya [CHIKV] and dengue [DENV] viral RNA) a repository of 1186 linked blood donor and recipient samples collected from February 2015 to May 2016 as an endpoint efficacy measure following the introduction of platelet pathogen reduction (PR). Phylogenetic analysis identified relatedness of donor strain to other circulating strains, and molecular clock analysis identified the estimated time of introduction. RESULTS An asymptomatic donor collected in December 2015 was ZIKV RNA confirmed positive, 4 months BEFORE investigational nucleic acid testing (NAT) implementation in April 2016, coincident and related to the first reported autochthonous cases. No CHIKV RNA or DENV RNA reactives were identified in donors or recipients, and no adverse events were reported from PR use in recipients. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the molecular relatedness of the donor ZIKV strain to the Puerto Rico lineage likely introduced approximately 4.5 months earlier. CONCLUSION This study identified an asymptomatic ZIKV infection in a blood donor occurring before those previously recognized by blood donation screening. NAT and PR continue to be used as acceptable strategies to prevent transfusion-transmitted arboviral infections worldwide; however, repeated arboviral outbreaks warrant consideration of PR as a more proactive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saa
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, MD 20877
| | - Charles Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA 94107
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA 91407
| | - Kacie Grimm
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, MD 20877
| | - Guixia Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA 94107
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA 91407
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14
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Sex-Specific Asymmetrical Attack Rates in Combined Sexual-Vectorial Transmission Epidemics. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7040112. [PMID: 31027271 PMCID: PMC6518302 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015–2016, South America went through the largest Zika epidemic in recorded history. One important aspect of this epidemic was the importance of sexual transmission in combination with the usual vectorial transmission, with asymmetrical transmissibilities between sexual partners depending on the type of sexual contact; this asymmetry manifested itself in data as an increased risk to women. We propose a mathematical model for the transmission of the Zika virus including sexual transmission via all forms of sexual contact, as well as vector transmission, assuming a constant availability of mosquitoes. From this model, we derive an expression for R0, which is used to study and analyze the relative contributions of the male to female sexual transmission route vis-à-vis vectorial transmission. We also perform Bayesian inference of the model’s parameters using data from the 2016 Zika epidemic in Rio de Janeiro.
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15
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Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Avelino-Silva VI, Fonseca S, Claro IM, Paula AVD, Levin AS, Sabino EC, Mendes-Correa MC, Figueiredo WM, Felix AC, Souza NCS, Costa AA, Inenami M, Silva RMGD, Levi JE, Romano CM, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Segurado AC, Mayaud P. Zika virus infection among symptomatic patients from two healthcare centers in Sao Paulo State, Brazil: prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral detection in body fluids and serodynamics. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e19. [PMID: 30970110 PMCID: PMC6453419 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) clinical presentation and frequency/duration of shedding need further clarification. Symptomatic ZIKV-infected individuals identified in two hospitals in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were investigated regarding clinical characteristics, shedding in body fluids, and serodynamics. Ninety-four of 235 symptomatic patients (Site A: 58%; Site B: 16%) had Real-Time PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection; fever, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms were less frequent, and rash was more frequent compared to ZIKV-negative patients. Real-Time PCR in serum had worse performance compared to plasma, while urine had the highest sensitivity. Shedding in genital fluids and saliva was rare. IgM positivity was the highest <14 days after the symptoms onset (86%), decreasing >28 days (24%); IgG positivity increased >14 days (96%) remaining positive in 94% of patients >28 days. ZIKV prevalence varied importantly in two neighboring cities during the same transmission season. Urine Real-Time PCR can improve diagnostic sensitivity; serum testing is less useful. Accurate serological tests are needed to improve diagnosis and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Iida Avelino-Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Fonseca
- Hospital São Francisco, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingra Morales Claro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Sara Levin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cassia Mendes-Correa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Manso Figueiredo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvina Clara Felix
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia C Santiago Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Aparecida Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Inenami
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela M Gasparetto da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Levi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Malta Romano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Paranhos-Baccalà
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux SA, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Aluisio Cotrim Segurado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philippe Mayaud
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Guerra-Reyes L, Iguiñiz-Romero RA. Performing purity: reproductive decision-making and implications for a community under threat of zika in iquitos, Peru. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2019; 21:309-322. [PMID: 29889609 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2018.1469790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The long-term management and prevention of Zika virus requires understanding of reproductive and sexual health behaviours, including mechanisms of partnered decision-making. In this article, we report on a qualitative study conducted before the arrival of Zika in Iquitos, Peru. We assessed existing patterns of reproductive decision-making among partnered men and women in a community under threat of Zika and discuss how these may impact Zika prevention in the long-term. We used a rapid qualitative assessment methodology, including in-depth semi-structured interviews with partnered women (28) and men (21). Deeply unequal gender role expectations limit discussion of reproductive decisions until after a first child is born. Women needed to perform a domestic 'of-the-house' role to be considered suitable partners, leading them to hide their knowledge of sexual and reproductive health. Condoms symbolise risk and are unused with partners in committed relationships. A shared perception that men must take care of female partner's sexual health, translates into male sexual and reproductive preferences overcoming female desires. Existing decision-making patterns lead to an increased risk of Zika exposure. Long-term response should expand Zika virus information and preventive messages to men and young people, in addition to engaging with broader societal challenges to gender inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Guerra-Reyes
- a School of Public Health , Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington , USA
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17
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Gorshkov K, Shiryaev SA, Fertel S, Lin YW, Huang CT, Pinto A, Farhy C, Strongin AY, Zheng W, Terskikh AV. Zika Virus: Origins, Pathological Action, and Treatment Strategies. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3252. [PMID: 30666246 PMCID: PMC6330993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) global epidemic prompted the World Health Organization to declare it a 2016 Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The overwhelming experience over the past several years teaches us that ZIKV and the associated neurological complications represent a long-term world-wide challenge to public health. Although the number of ZIKV cases in the Western Hemisphere has dropped since 2016, the need for basic research and anti-ZIKV drug development remains strong. Re-emerging viruses like ZIKV are an ever-present threat in the 21st century where fast transcontinental travel lends itself to viral epidemics. Here, we first present the origin story for ZIKV and review the rapid progress researchers have made toward understanding of the ZIKV pathology and in the design, re-purposing, and testing–particularly in vivo–drug candidates for ZIKV prophylaxis and therapy ZIKV. Quite remarkably, a short, but intensive, drug-repurposing effort has already resulted in several readily available FDA-approved drugs that are capable of effectively combating the virus in infected adult mouse models and, most importantly, in both preventing maternal-fetal transmission and severe microcephaly in newborns in pregnant mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sergey A Shiryaev
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sophie Fertel
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Antonella Pinto
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Chen Farhy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alexey V Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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18
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El Sahly HM, Gorchakov R, Lai L, Natrajan MS, Patel SM, Atmar RL, Keitel WA, Hoft DF, Barrett J, Bailey J, Edupuganti S, Raabe V, Wu HM, Fairley J, Rouphael N, Murray KO, Mulligan MJ. Clinical, Virologic, and Immunologic Characteristics of Zika Virus Infection in a Cohort of US Patients: Prolonged RNA Detection in Whole Blood. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 6:ofy352. [PMID: 30697574 PMCID: PMC6343961 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical, virologic, and immunologic characteristics of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in US patients are poorly defined. Methods US subjects with suspected ZIKV infection were enrolled. Clinical data and specimens were prospectively collected for ZIKV RNA detection and serologic and cellular assays. Confirmed ZIKV infection (cases) and ZIKV-negative (controls) subjects were compared. Dengue-experienced and dengue-naïve cases were also compared. Results We enrolled 45 cases and 14 controls. Commonly reported symptoms among cases and controls were maculopapular rash (97.8% and 81.8%), fatigue (86.7% and 81.8%), and arthralgia (82.2% and 54.5%), respectively. The sensitivity (94%) and duration of infection detection (80% positivity at 65–79 days after disease onset) by polymerase chain reaction were highest in whole-blood specimens. ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies had a half-life of 105 days and were significantly higher in dengue virus–experienced cases than naïve ones (P = .046). In intracellular cytokine staining assays, the ZIKV proteins targeted most often by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cases were structural proteins C and E for CD4+ T cells and nonstructural proteins NS3, NS5, and NS4B for CD8+ T cells. Conclusions ZIKV RNA detection was more frequent and prolonged in whole-blood specimens. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies, but not IgM, were influenced by prior dengue infection. Robust cellular responses to E and nonstructural proteins have potential vaccine development implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M El Sahly
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rodion Gorchakov
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lilin Lai
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Muktha S Natrajan
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Shital M Patel
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Wendy A Keitel
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | - Srilatha Edupuganti
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Vanessa Raabe
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Henry M Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Jessica Fairley
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Kristy O Murray
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and NYU Langone Vaccine Center, New York University, New York City, New York
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19
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Cumming HE, Bourke NM. Type I IFNs in the female reproductive tract: The first line of defense in an ever-changing battleground. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:353-361. [PMID: 30549324 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0318-122rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of the female reproductive tract (FRT) is to enable successful reproduction, yet the biologic mechanisms required to accomplish this, which include fluctuating sex hormones and tolerance of semen and a semi-allogeneic fetus, can leave this unique mucosal environment susceptible to pathogenic challenge. Consequently, the FRT has evolved specialized innate and adaptive immune responses tailored to protecting itself from infection without compromising reproductive success. A family of innate immune cytokines that has emerged as important regulators of these immune responses is the type I IFNs. Type I IFNs are typically rapidly produced in response to pathogenic stimulation and are capable of sculpting pleotropic biologic effects, including immunomodulation, antiproliferative effects, and inducing antiviral and bactericidal molecules. Here, we review what is currently known about type I IFN-mediated immunity in the FRT in human, primate, and murine models and explore their importance with respect to three highly relevant FRT infections: HIV, Zika, and Chlamydia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Cumming
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nollaig M Bourke
- Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Azar SR, Rossi SL, Haller SH, Yun R, Huang JH, Plante JA, Zhou J, Olano JP, Roundy CM, Hanley KA, Weaver SC, Vasilakis N. ZIKV Demonstrates Minimal Pathologic Effects and Mosquito Infectivity in Viremic Cynomolgus Macaques. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110661. [PMID: 30469417 PMCID: PMC6267344 DOI: 10.3390/v10110661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of ZIKV infection on non-human primates (NHPs), as well as to investigate whether these NHPs develop sufficient viremia to infect the major urban vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti, four cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were subcutaneously infected with 5.0 log10 focus-forming units (FFU) of DNA clone-derived ZIKV strain FSS13025 (Asian lineage, Cambodia, 2010). Following infection, the animals were sampled (blood, urine, tears, and saliva), underwent daily health monitoring, and were exposed to Ae. aegypti at specified time points. All four animals developed viremia, which peaked 3⁻4 days post-infection at a maximum value of 6.9 log10 genome copies/mL. No virus was detected in urine, tears, or saliva. Infection by ZIKV caused minimal overt disease: serum biochemistry and CBC values largely fell within the normal ranges, and cytokine elevations were minimal. Strikingly, the minimally colonized population of Ae. aegypti exposed to viremic animals demonstrated a maximum infection rate of 26% during peak viremia, with two of the four macaques failing to infect a single mosquito at any time point. These data indicate that cynomolgus macaques may be an effective model for ZIKV infection of humans and highlights the relative refractoriness of Ae. aegypti for ZIKV infection at the levels of viremia observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha R Azar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Shannan L Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Sherry H Haller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Ruimei Yun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Jing H Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Jessica A Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Jiehua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Juan P Olano
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Christopher M Roundy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Kathryn A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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21
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Sun K, Zhang Q, Pastore-Piontti A, Chinazzi M, Mistry D, Dean NE, Rojas DP, Merler S, Poletti P, Rossi L, Halloran ME, Longini IM, Vespignani A. Quantifying the risk of local Zika virus transmission in the contiguous US during the 2015-2016 ZIKV epidemic. BMC Med 2018; 16:195. [PMID: 30336778 PMCID: PMC6194624 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission has been reported in two counties in the contiguous United States (US), prompting the issuance of travel, prevention, and testing guidance across the contiguous US. Large uncertainty, however, surrounds the quantification of the actual risk of ZIKV introduction and autochthonous transmission across different areas of the US. METHODS We present a framework for the projection of ZIKV autochthonous transmission in the contiguous US during the 2015-2016 epidemic using a data-driven stochastic and spatial epidemic model accounting for seasonal, environmental, and detailed population data. The model generates an ensemble of travel-related case counts and simulates their potential to have triggered local transmission at the individual level in the 2015-2016 ZIKV epidemic. RESULTS We estimate the risk of ZIKV introduction and local transmission at the county level and at the 0.025° × 0.025° cell level across the contiguous US. We provide a risk measure based on the probability of observing local transmission in a specific location during a ZIKV epidemic modeled after the epidemic observed during the years 2015-2016. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the model allows us to generate statistical estimates of the number of ZIKV introductions leading to local transmission in each location. We find that the risk was spatially heterogeneously distributed and concentrated in a few specific areas that account for less than 1% of the contiguous US population. Locations in Texas and Florida that have actually experienced local ZIKV transmission were among the places at highest risk according to our results. We also provide an analysis of the key determinants for local transmission and identify the key introduction routes and their contributions to ZIKV transmission in the contiguous US. CONCLUSIONS This framework provides quantitative risk estimates, fully captures the stochasticity of ZIKV introduction events, and is not biased by the under-ascertainment of cases due to asymptomatic cases. It provides general information on key risk determinants and data with potential uses in defining public health recommendations and guidance about ZIKV risk in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Sun
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Ana Pastore-Piontti
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Matteo Chinazzi
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Dina Mistry
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Natalie E Dean
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Diana Patricia Rojas
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | | | | | - Luca Rossi
- Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Ira M Longini
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Alessandro Vespignani
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA.
- Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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22
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Cardona-Ospina JA, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Escalera-Antezana JP, Bandeira AC, Musso D, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Sexual transmission of arboviruses: More to explore? Int J Infect Dis 2018; 76:126-127. [PMID: 30201508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Andrés Cardona-Ospina
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Pablo Escalera-Antezana
- Universidad Franz Tamayo/UNIFRANZ, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Tongji Hospital & Medical College, Huazhong University of Science &Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Antonio C Bandeira
- Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciencias Medical School, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Didier Musso
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, Polynésie Française and Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée infection, Marseille, France
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Universidad Franz Tamayo/UNIFRANZ, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
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23
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Counotte MJ, Kim CR, Wang J, Bernstein K, Deal CD, Broutet NJN, Low N. Sexual transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses: A living systematic review. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002611. [PMID: 30040845 PMCID: PMC6057622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health authorities in the United States and Europe reported an increasing number of travel-associated episodes of sexual transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) following the 2015-2017 ZIKV outbreak. This, and other scientific evidence, suggests that ZIKV is sexually transmissible in addition to having its primary mosquito-borne route. The objective of this systematic review and evidence synthesis was to clarify the epidemiology of sexually transmitted ZIKV. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed a living (i.e., continually updated) systematic review of evidence published up to 15 April 2018 about sexual transmission of ZIKV and other arthropod-borne flaviviruses in humans and other animals. We defined 7 key elements of ZIKV sexual transmission for which we extracted data: (1) rectal and vaginal susceptibility to infection, (2) incubation period following sexual transmission, (3) serial interval between the onset of symptoms in a primary and secondary infected individuals, (4) duration of infectiousness, (5) reproduction number, (6) probability of transmission per sex act, and (7) transmission rate. We identified 1,227 unique publications and included 128, of which 77 presented data on humans and 51 presented data on animals. Laboratory experiments confirm that rectal and vaginal mucosae are susceptible to infection with ZIKV and that the testis serves as a reservoir for the virus in animal models. Sexual transmission was reported in 36 human couples: 34/36 of these involved male-to-female sexual transmission. The median serial symptom onset interval in 15 couples was 12 days (interquartile range: 10-14.5); the maximum was 44 days. We found evidence from 2 prospective cohorts that ZIKV RNA is present in human semen with a median duration of 34 days (95% CI: 28-41 days) and 35 days (no CI given) (low certainty of evidence, according to GRADE). Aggregated data about detection of ZIKV RNA from 37 case reports and case series indicate a median duration of detection of ZIKV of 40 days (95% CI: 30-49 days) and maximum duration of 370 days in semen. In human vaginal fluid, median duration was 14 days (95% CI: 7-20 days) and maximum duration was 37 days (very low certainty). Infectious virus in human semen was detected for a median duration of 12 days (95% CI: 1-21 days) and maximum of 69 days. Modelling studies indicate that the reproduction number is below 1 (very low certainty). Evidence was lacking to estimate the incubation period or the transmission rate. Evidence on sexual transmission of other flaviviruses was scarce. The certainty of the evidence is limited because of uncontrolled residual bias. CONCLUSIONS The living systematic review and sexual transmission framework allowed us to assess evidence about the risk of sexual transmission of ZIKV. ZIKV is more likely transmitted from men to women than from women to men. For other flaviviruses, evidence of sexual transmissibility is still absent. Taking into account all available data about the duration of detection of ZIKV in culture and from the serial interval, our findings suggest that the infectious period for sexual transmission of ZIKV is shorter than estimates from the earliest post-outbreak studies, which were based on reverse transcription PCR alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caron Rahn Kim
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jingying Wang
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kyle Bernstein
- Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Carolyn D. Deal
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Kumar S. Sexual transmission of Zika virus: more to explore. THE LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2018; 6:e618. [DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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25
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Lalle E, Colavita F, Iannetta M, Gebremeskel Teklè S, Carletti F, Scorzolini L, Bordi L, Vincenti D, Castilletti C, Ippolito G, Capobianchi MR, Nicastri E. Prolonged detection of dengue virus RNA in the semen of a man returning from Thailand to Italy, January 2018. Euro Surveill 2018; 23:18-00197. [PMID: 29741153 PMCID: PMC6053624 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.18.18-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the presence of dengue virus RNA in longitudinally collected semen samples of a previously healthy Caucasian man, returning to Italy from Thailand with primary dengue fever, up to 37 days post-symptom onset, when viraemia and viruria were undetectable. This finding, coupled with the evidence of dengue virus negative-strand RNA, an indirect marker of ongoing viral replication, in the cellular fraction of semen, indicates a need to further investigate possible sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lalle
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Francesca Colavita
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Marco Iannetta
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Carletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Scorzolini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Bordi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Vincenti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Nicastri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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