1
|
Falbová D, Kovalčíková V, Beňuš R, Sulis S, Vorobeľová L. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle and bone mineral density in young adults. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24009. [PMID: 37990761 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the relationships between the COVID-19 pandemic, lifestyle factors, and their impact on bone mineral density in the radius forearm bone and the total bone mineral content in young adults from Slovakia. METHODS We assessed 773 Slovak young adults aged 18 to 30 years, divided into subgroups on their pandemic status. Bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed by the QUS device (Sunlight MiniOmni™), and bone mineral content (BMC) and fat mass (FM) were measured by InBody 770 bioimpedance analyzer. Finally, linear regression analysis tested the associations. RESULTS Statistically significant lower speed of sound (SOS) along the length of the forearm radius bone and Z-score values was determined in participants during the COVID-19 pandemic than before it, and statistically significant lower BMC values were observed in the male group during COVID-19 than beforehand. Regression analysis confirmed the negative pandemic effect in the following indices: SOS (p < .001 for women and p = .035 for men), Z-score (p < .001 for women and p = .003 for men), and BMC (p = .024 for men). Vitamin D was a further significant SOS predictor in women at p = .029, but this association was not detected in men. In contrast, the significant male BMC predictors were pandemic presence (p = .028), physical activity (p = .028), and fat mass percentage (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS Significant COVID-19 pandemic effects on bone tissue were determined on bone mass density in the radius forearm bone and the total bone mineral content. These effects establish that the pandemic had a negative impact on both their bone quality and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darina Falbová
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Kovalčíková
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Beňuš
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Simona Sulis
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Vorobeľová
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bresgen N, Kovacs M, Lahnsteiner A, Felder TK, Rinnerthaler M. The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective. Biomolecules 2023; 13:912. [PMID: 37371492 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks-including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis-exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with increasing age, which can be regarded as a further aging-associated process. Independently of their essential role as fat stores, lipid droplets are also able to control cell integrity by mitigating lipotoxic and proteotoxic insults. As we will show in this review, numerous longevity interventions (such as mTOR inhibition) also lead to strong accumulation of lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells, just to name a few examples. In mammals, due to the variety of different cell types and tissues, the role of lipid droplets during the aging process is much more complex. Using selected diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we show that lipid droplets are "Janus"-faced. In an early phase of the disease, lipid droplets mitigate the toxicity of lipid peroxidation and protein aggregates, but in a later phase of the disease, a strong accumulation of lipid droplets can cause problems for cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Kovacs
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Lahnsteiner
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Klaus Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bensreti H, Alhamad DW, Gonzalez AM, Pizarro-Mondesir M, Bollag WB, Isales CM, McGee-Lawrence ME. Update on the Role of Glucocorticoid Signaling in Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Adipocytes During Aging. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:32-44. [PMID: 36564571 PMCID: PMC9936962 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in the skeleton likely plays a variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles that are not yet fully understood. In elucidating the complex relationship between bone and BMAT, glucocorticoids (GCs) are positioned to play a key role, as they have been implicated in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) between osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. The purpose of this review is to illuminate aspects of both endogenous and exogenous GC signaling, including the influence of GC receptors, in mechanisms of bone aging including relationships to BMAT. RECENT FINDINGS Harmful effects of GCs on bone mass involve several cellular pathways and events that can include BMSC differentiation bias toward adipogenesis and the influence of mature BMAT on bone remodeling through crosstalk. Interestingly, BMAT involvement remains poorly explored in GC-induced osteoporosis and warrants further investigation. This review provides an update on the current understanding of the role of glucocorticoids in the biology of osteoblasts and bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Husam Bensreti
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dima W Alhamad
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Alejandro Marrero Gonzalez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel Pizarro-Mondesir
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vauclard A, Bellio M, Valet C, Borret M, Payrastre B, Severin S. Obesity: Effects on bone marrow homeostasis and platelet activation. Thromb Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
5
|
Wang T, Huang S, He C. Senescent cells: A therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13323. [DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Shishu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital and West China School of Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou JF, Xiong Y, Kang X, Pan Z, Zhu Q, Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou L, Lin S, Hu W, Zheng F, Stavrinou P. Application of stem cells and exosomes in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage: an update. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:281. [PMID: 35765072 PMCID: PMC9241288 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage is a highly destructive intracranial disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. The main risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage include hypertension, amyloidosis, vasculitis, drug abuse, coagulation dysfunction, and genetic factors. Clinically, surviving patients with intracerebral hemorrhage exhibit different degrees of neurological deficits after discharge. In recent years, with the development of regenerative medicine, an increasing number of researchers have begun to pay attention to stem cell and exosome therapy as a new method for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, owing to their intrinsic potential in neuroprotection and neurorestoration. Many animal studies have shown that stem cells can directly or indirectly participate in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage through regeneration, differentiation, or secretion. However, considering the uncertainty of its safety and efficacy, clinical studies are still lacking. This article reviews the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage using stem cells and exosomes from both preclinical and clinical studies and summarizes the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy. This review aims to provide a reference for future research and new strategies for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodong Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhigang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Qiangbin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hui'an County Hospital of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, Athens Medical School, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheng Y, Yang H, Liu Z, Hai Y, Liu Y, Zhou L. Will the bone mineral density in postmenopausal women get worse during the COVID-19 pandemic? Med Hypotheses 2022; 162:110803. [PMID: 35221448 PMCID: PMC8863350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhong Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Honghao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuzeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lijin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Avilkina V, Chauveau C, Ghali Mhenni O. Sirtuin function and metabolism: Role in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue and their crosstalk impacting bone homeostasis. Bone 2022; 154:116232. [PMID: 34678494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are members of the nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent family of enzymes critical for histone deacetylation and posttranslational modification of proteins. Sirtuin family members regulate a wide spectrum of biological processes and are best known for maintaining longevity. Sirtuins are well characterized in metabolic tissues such as the pancreas, liver and adipose tissue (AT). They are regulated by a diverse range of stimuli, including nutrients and metabolic changes within the organism. Indeed, nutrient-associated conditions, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN), were found to be associated with bone fragility development in osteoporosis. Interestingly, it has also been demonstrated that sirtuins, more specifically SIRT1, can regulate bone activity. Various studies have demonstrated the importance of sirtuins in bone in the regulation of bone homeostasis and maintenance of the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. However, to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of bone homeostasis during overnutrition (obesity) or undernutrition, it is crucial to examine a wider picture and to determine the pancreatic, liver and adipose tissue pathway crosstalk responsible for bone loss. Particularly, under AN conditions, sirtuin family members are highly expressed in metabolic tissue, but this phenomenon is reversed in bone, and severe bone loss has been observed in human subjects. AN-associated bone loss may be connected to SIRT1 deficiency; however, additional factors may interfere with bone homeostasis. Thus, in this review, we focus on sirtuin activity in the pancreas, liver and AT in cases of over- and undernutrition, especially the regulation of their secretome by sirtuins. Furthermore, we examine how the secretome of the pancreas, liver and AT affects bone homeostasis, focusing on undernutrition. This review aims to lead to a better understanding of the crosstalk between sirtuins, metabolic organs and bone. In long term prospective it should contribute to promote improvement of therapeutic strategies for the prevention of metabolic diseases and the development of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Avilkina
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olfa Ghali Mhenni
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chang HK, Hsu TW, Ku J, Ku J, Wu JC, Lirng JF, Hsu SM. Simple parameters of synthetic MRI for assessment of bone density in patients with spinal degenerative disease. J Neurosurg Spine 2021:1-8. [PMID: 34653988 DOI: 10.3171/2021.6.spine21666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Good bone quality is the key to avoiding osteoporotic fragility fractures and poor outcomes after lumbar instrumentation and fusion surgery. Although dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) screening is the current standard for evaluating osteoporosis, many patients lack DEXA measurements before undergoing lumbar spine surgery. The present study aimed to investigate the utility of using simple quantitative parameters generated with novel synthetic MRI to evaluate bone quality, as well as the correlations of these parameters with DEXA measurements. METHODS This prospective study enrolled patients with symptomatic lumbar degenerative disease who underwent DEXA and conventional and synthetic MRI. The quantitative parameters generated with synthetic MRI were T1 map, T2 map, T1 intensity, proton density (PD), and vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score, and these parameters were correlated with T-score of the lumbar spine. RESULTS There were 62 patients and 238 lumbar segments eligible for analysis. PD and VBQ score moderately correlated with T-score of the lumbar spine (r = -0.565 and -0.651, respectively; both p < 0.001). T1 intensity correlated fairly well with T-score (r = -0.411, p < 0.001). T1 and T2 correlated poorly with T-score. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated area under the curve values of 0.808 and 0.794 for detecting osteopenia/osteoporosis (T-score ≤ -1.0) and osteoporosis (T-score ≤ -2.5) with PD (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PD and T1 intensity values generated with synthetic MRI demonstrated significant correlation with T-score. PD has excellent ability for predicting osteoporosis and osteopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Kan Chang
- 1Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,2College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,3Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Wei Hsu
- 4Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,5Integrated PET/MR Imaging Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Johnson Ku
- 6University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Jason Ku
- 6University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Jau-Ching Wu
- 2College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,3Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,7Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Feng Lirng
- 2College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,4Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Hsu
- 1Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adipocyte-induced transdifferentiation of osteoblasts and its potential role in age-related bone loss. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245014. [PMID: 33497412 PMCID: PMC7837466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our preliminary findings have lead us to propose bone marrow adipocyte secretions as new contributors to bone loss. Indeed, using a coculture model based on human bone marrow stromal cells, we previously showed that soluble factors secreted by adipocytes induced the conversion of osteoblasts towards an adipocyte-like phenotype. In this study, microarray gene expression profiling showed profound transcriptomic changes in osteoblasts following coculture and confirmed the enrichment of the adipocyte gene signature. Double immunofluorescence microscopic analyses demonstrated the coexpression of adipogenic and osteoblastic specific markers in individual cells, providing evidence for a transdifferentiation event. At the molecular level, this conversion was associated with upregulated expression levels of reprogramming genes and a decrease in the DNA methylation level. In line with these in vitro results, preliminary immunohistochemical analysis of bone sections revealed adipogenic marker expression in osteoblasts from elderly subjects. Altogether, these data suggest that osteoblast transdifferentiation could contribute to decreased bone mass upon ageing.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wong CC, Liao JH, Sheu SY, Lin PY, Chen CH, Kuo TF. Novel transplant of combined platelet-rich fibrin Releasate and bone marrow stem cells prevent bone loss in Ovariectomized osteoporotic mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:527. [PMID: 32770974 PMCID: PMC7415181 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by deterioration in the quantity and quality of bone tissue, with a consequent increase susceptibility to fracture. METHODS In this study, we sought to determine the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin releasates (PRFr) in augmenting the therapeutic effects of stem cell-based therapy in treating osteoporotic bone disorder. An osteoporosis mouse model was established through bilateral ovariectomy on 12-week-old female ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice. Eight weeks postoperatively, the ovariectomized (OVX) mice were left untreated (control) or injected with PRFr, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), or the combination of BMSCs and PRFr. Two different injection (single versus quadruple) dosages were tested to investigate the accumulative effects of BMSCS and PRFr on bone quality. Eight weeks after injection, the changes in tibial microstructural profiles included the percentage of bone volume versus total tissue volume (BV/TV, %), bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm3), trabecular number (Tb.N, number/mm), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp, mm) and bony histology were analyzed. RESULTS Postmenopausal osteoporosis model was successfully established in OVX mice, evidenced by reduced BMD, decreased BV/TV, lower Tb.N but increased Tb.Sp. Eight weeks after injection, there was no significant change to BMD and bone trabeculae could be detected in mice that received single-injection regimen. In contrast, in mice which received 4 doses of combined PRFr and BMSCs, the BMD, BV/TV, and TB.N increased, and the TB.Sp decreased significantly compared to untreated OVX mice. Moreover, the histological analysis showed the trabecular spacing become narrower in OVX-mice treated with quadruple injection of BMSCs and combined PRFr and BMSCs than untreated control. CONCLUSION The systemic administration of combined BMSCs and PRFr protected against OVX-induced bone mass loss in mice. Moreover, the improvement of bony profile scores in quadruple-injection group is better than the single-injection group, probably through the increase in effect size of cells and growth factors. Our data also revealed the combination therapy of BMSCs and PRFr has better effect in enhancing osteogenesis, which may provide insight for the development of a novel therapeutic strategy in osteoporosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chean Wong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Research Center of Biomedical Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Non-invasive Cancer Therapy Research Institute of Taiwan, Taipei, 10489, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hao Liao
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yuan Sheu
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan. .,Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Yu Lin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hwa Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Research Center of Biomedical Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Fu Kuo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tripathi AK, Rai D, Kothari P, Kushwaha P, Sinha S, Sardar A, Sashidhara KV, Trivedi R. Benzofuran pyran compound rescues rat and human osteoblast from lipotoxic effect of palmitate by inhibiting lipid biosynthesis and promoting stabilization of RUNX2. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
13
|
Li J, Chen X, Lu L, Yu X. The relationship between bone marrow adipose tissue and bone metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 52:88-98. [PMID: 32081538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a prevalent skeletal disorder associated with menopause-related estrogen withdrawal. PMOP is characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of the skeletal microarchitecture, and subsequent increased susceptibility to fragility fractures, thus contributing to disability and mortality. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal expansion of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of PMOP, in part because both bone marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts share a common ancestor lineage. The cohabitation of MAT adipocytes, mesenchymal stromal cells, hematopoietic cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone marrow creates a microenvironment that permits adipocytes to act directly on other cell types in the marrow. Furthermore, MAT, which is recognized as an endocrine organ, regulates bone remodeling through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Although an enhanced MAT volume is linked to low bone mass and fractures in PMOP, the detailed interactions between MAT and bone metabolism remain largely unknown. In this review, we examine the possible mechanisms of MAT expansion under estrogen withdrawal and further summarize emerging findings regarding the pathological roles of MAT in bone remodeling. We also discuss the current therapies targeting MAT in osteoporosis. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between MAT expansion and bone metabolism in estrogen deficiency conditions will provide new insights into potential therapeutic targets for PMOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Woods GN, Ewing SK, Sigurdsson S, Kado DM, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Hue TF, Lang TF, Vittinghoff E, Harris TB, Rosen C, Xu K, Li X, Schwartz AV. Greater Bone Marrow Adiposity Predicts Bone Loss in Older Women. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:326-332. [PMID: 31618468 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow adiposity (BMA) is associated with aging and osteoporosis, but whether BMA can predict bone loss and fractures remains unknown. Using data from the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik study, we investigated the associations between 1 H-MRS-based measures of vertebral bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), annualized change in bone density/strength by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and DXA, and secondarily, with incident clinical fractures and radiographic vertebral fractures among older adults. The associations between BMAT and annualized change in bone density/strength were evaluated using linear regression models, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, estradiol, and testosterone. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between baseline BMAT and incident clinical fractures, and logistic regression models for incident vertebral fractures. At baseline, mean ± SD age was 80.9 ± 4.2 and 82.6 ± 4.2 years in women (n = 148) and men (n = 150), respectively. Mean baseline BMAT was 55.4% ± 8.1% in women and 54.1% ± 8.2% in men. Incident clinical fractures occurred in 7.4% of women over 2.8 years and in 6.0% of men over 2.2 years. Incident vertebral fractures occurred in 12% of women over 3.3 years and in 17% of men over 2.7 years. Each 1 SD increase in baseline BMAT was associated with a 3.9 mg2 /cm4 /year greater loss of spine compressive strength index (p value = .003), a 0.9 mg/cm3 /year greater loss of spine trabecular BMD (p value = .02), and a 1.2 mg/cm3 /year greater loss of femoral neck trabecular BMD (p value = .02) in women. Among men, there were no associations between BMAT and changes in bone density/strength. There were no associations between BMAT and incident fractures in women or men. In conclusion, we found greater BMAT is associated with greater loss of trabecular bone at the spine and femoral neck, and greater loss of spine compressive strength, in older women. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina N Woods
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan K Ewing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Deborah M Kado
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Trisha F Hue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas F Lang
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Clifford Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Kaipin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview on recent technical development for quantifying marrow composition using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) techniques, as well as a summary on recent findings of interrelationship between marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and skeletal health in the context of osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS There have been significant technical advances in reliable quantification of marrow composition using MR techniques. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between MAT and bone, with trabecular bone associating more strongly with MAT than cortical bone. However, longitudinal studies of MAT and bone are limited. MAT contents and composition have been associated with prevalent vertebral fracture. The evidence between MAT and clinical fracture is more limited, and, to date, no studies have reported on the relationship between MAT and incident fracture. Increasing evidence suggests a dynamic role of marrow fat in skeletal health. Reliable non-invasive quantification of marrow composition will facilitate developing novel treatment strategies for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hashimoto R, Miyamoto Y, Itoh S, Daida H, Okada T, Katoh Y. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) suppresses high Ca 2+-enhanced adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:741-748. [PMID: 31256364 PMCID: PMC10717529 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that increased extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ lead to adipocyte accumulation in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). However, strategies to suppress high Ca2+-enhanced adipocyte accumulation have not been reported. We examined the effects of the diacylglycerol analog phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on proliferation and adipogenesis of mouse primary BMSCs. We used 9 mM CaCl2 and 100 nM ionomycin to increase extracellular Ca2+ and intracellular Ca2+, respectively. PMA suppressed the expression of both C/EBPα and PPARγ under normal adipogenesis, adipogenesis + CaCl2, and adipogenesis + ionomycin conditions. PMA enhanced proliferation under normal adipogenesis conditions but suppressed proliferation under adipogenesis + CaCl2 and adipogenesis + ionomycin conditions. PMA did not affect the accumulation of adipocytes under normal adipogenesis conditions but suppressed adipocyte accumulation under adipogenesis + CaCl2 and adipogenesis + ionomycin conditions. These results suggest that the PMA-dependent pathway is an important signaling pathway to suppress high Ca2+-enhanced adipocyte accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seigo Itoh
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takao Okada
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Youichi Katoh
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Juntendo University Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8421, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Adipogenic differentiation of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by visible light via photo- induced biomodulation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
18
|
Viallon M, Leporq B, Drinda S, Wilhelmi de Toledo F, Galusca B, Ratiney H, Croisille P. Chemical-Shift-Encoded Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy to Reveal Immediate and Long-Term Multi-Organs Composition Changes of a 14-Days Periodic Fasting Intervention: A Technological and Case Report. Front Nutr 2019; 6:5. [PMID: 30881957 PMCID: PMC6407435 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of measuring the effects of a 14-day Periodic Fasting (PF) intervention (<200 cal) on multi-organs of primary interest (liver, visceral/subcutaneous/bone marrow fat, muscle) using non-invasive advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) and imaging (MRI) methods. Methods: One subject participated in a 14-day PF under daily supervision of nurses and specialized physicians, ingesting a highly reduced intake: 200 Kcal/day coupled with active walking and drinking at least 3 L of liquids/day. The fasting was preceded by a 7-day pre-fasting vegetarian period and followed by 14 days of stepwise reintroduction of food. The longitudinal study collected imaging and biological data before the fast, at peak fasting, and 7 days, 1 month, and 4 months after re-feeding. Body fat mass in the trunk, abdomen, and thigh, liver and muscle mass, were respectively computed using advanced MRI and MRS signal modeling. Fat fraction, MRI relativity index T2* and susceptibility (Chi), as well as Fatty acid composition, were calculated at all-time points. Results: A decrease in body weight (BW: −9.5%), quadriceps muscle volume (−3.2%), Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue (SAT −34.4%; VAT −20.8%), liver fat fraction (PDFF = 1.4 vs. 2.6 % at baseline) but increase in Spine Bone Marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) associated with a 10% increase in global adiposity fraction (PDFF: 54.4 vs. 50.9%) was observed. Femoral BMAT showed minimal changes compared to spinal level, with a slight decrease (−3.1%). Interestingly, fatty acid (FA) pattern changes differed depending on the AT locations. In muscle, all lipids increased after fasting, with a greater increase of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL: from 2.7 to 6.3 mmol/kg) after fasting compared to extramyocellular lipid (EMCL: from 6.2 to 9.5 mmol/kg) as well as Carnosine (6.9 to 8.1 mmol/kg). Heterogenous and reverse changes were also observed after re-feeding depending on the organ. Conclusion: These results suggest that investigating the effects of a 14-day PF intervention using advanced MRI and MRS is feasible. Quantitative MR indexes are a crucial adjunct to further understanding the effective changes in multiple crucial organs especially liver, spin, and muscle, differences between adipose tissue composition and the interplay that occurs during periodic fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Viallon
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France.,Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Saint-Étienne, France.,Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Leporq
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Saint-Étienne, France.,Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stephan Drinda
- Klinik St. Katharinental, Diessenhofen, Switzerland.,Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Uberlingen, Germany
| | | | - Bogdan Galusca
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France.,Eating Disorders, Addictions & Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Helene Ratiney
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Saint-Étienne, France.,Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Croisille
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France.,Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Saint-Étienne, France.,Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu DY, Lu B, Yin JH, Ke QF, Xu H, Zhang CQ, Guo YP, Gao YS. Gadolinium-doped bioglass scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMSC via the Akt/GSK3β pathway and facilitate bone repair in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1085-1100. [PMID: 30804672 PMCID: PMC6375113 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomaterial-induced osteogenesis is mainly related to hierarchically porous structures and bioactive components. Rare earth elements are well known to promote osteogenesis and stimulate bone repair; however, the underlying biological effects of gadolinium (Gd) element on bone regeneration are not yet known. METHODS In this study, we successfully fabricated gadolinium-doped bioglass (Gd-BG) scaffolds by combining hollow mesoporous Gd-BG microspheres with chitosan and evaluated in vitro effects and underlying mechanisms with Cell Counting Kit-8, scanning electron microscopy, alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin red staining, and polymerase chain reaction. Cranial defect model of rats was constructed to evaluate their in vivo effects. RESULTS The results indicated that Gd-BG scaffolds could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Mechanistically, the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway was activated by the Gd-BG scaffolds. The enhancing effect of Gd-BG scaffolds on the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was inhibited by the addition of LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt. Moreover, the in vivo cranial defect model of rats indicated that the Gd-BG scaffolds could effectively promote bone regeneration. CONCLUSION Both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that Gd-BG scaffolds have promising applications in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Bin Lu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - Jun-Hui Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Qin-Fei Ke
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - He Xu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Ya-Ping Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - You-Shui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pino AM, Rodríguez JP. Is fatty acid composition of human bone marrow significant to bone health? Bone 2019; 118:53-61. [PMID: 29258874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a conserved component of the marrow microenvironment, providing storage and release of energy and stabilizing the marrow extent. Also, it is recognized both the amount and quality of BMAT are relevant to preserve the functional relationships between BMAT, bone, and blood cell production. In this article we ponder the information supporting the tenet that the quality of BMAT is relevant to bone health. In the human adult the distribution of BMAT is heterogeneous over the entire skeleton, and both BMAT accumulation and bone loss come about with aging in healthy populations. But some pathological conditions which increase BMAT formation lead to bone impairment and fragility. Analysis in vivo of the relative content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in BMAT indicates site-related bone marrow fat composition and an association between increased unsaturation index (UI) and bone health. With aging some impairment ensues in the regulation of bone marrow cells and systemic signals leading to local chronic inflammation. Most of the bone loss diseases which evolve altered BMAT composition have as common factors aging and/or chronic inflammation. Both saturated and unsaturated FAs originate lipid species which are active mediators in the inflammation process. Increased free saturated FAs may lead to lipotoxicity of bone marrow cells. The pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory or resolving actions of compounds derived from long chain poly unsaturated FAs (PUFA) on bone cells is varied, and depending on the metabolism of the parent n:3 or n:6 PUFAs series. Taking together the evidence substantiate that marrow adipocyte function is fundamental for an efficient link between systemic and marrow fatty acids to accomplish specific energy or regulatory needs of skeletal and marrow cells. Further, they reveal marrow requirements of PUFAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Pino
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beekman KM, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, den Heijer M, Maas M, Oleksik AM, Tanck MW, Ott SM, van 't Hof RJ, Lips P, Bisschop PH, Bravenboer N. The effect of raloxifene on bone marrow adipose tissue and bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone 2019; 118:62-68. [PMID: 29032175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis low bone volume is associated with high bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Moreover, high MAT is associated with increased fracture risk. This suggests an interaction between MAT and bone turnover, however literature remains equivocal. Estrogen treatment decreases MAT, but the effect of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) registered for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, on MAT is not known. The aim of this study is 1] to determine the effect of raloxifene on MAT and 2] to determine the relationship between MAT and bone turnover in patients with osteoporosis. Bone biopsies from the MORE trial were analyzed. The MORE trial investigated the effects of raloxifene 60 or 120mg per day versus placebo on bone metabolism and fracture incidence in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. We quantified MAT in iliac crest biopsies obtained at baseline and after 2years of treatment (n=53; age 68.2±6.2years). Raloxifene did not affect the change in MAT volume after 2years compared to baseline (placebo: 1.89±10.84%, raloxifene 60mg: 6.31±7.22%, raloxifene 120mg: -0.77±10.72%), nor affected change in mean adipocyte size (placebo: 1.45 (4.45) μm, raloxifene 60mg: 1.45 (4.35) μm, raloxifene 120mg: 0.81 (5.21) μm). Adipocyte number tended to decrease after placebo treatment (-9.92 (42.88) cells/mm2) and tended to increase during raloxifene 60mg treatment (13.27 (66.14) cells/mm2) while adipocyte number remained unchanged in the raloxifene 120mg group, compared to placebo (3.06 (39.80) cells/mm2, Kruskal-Wallis p=0.055, post hoc: placebo vs raloxifene 60mg p=0.017). MAT volume and adipocyte size were negatively associated with osteoclast number at baseline (R2=0.123, p=0.006 and R2=0.098, p=0.016 respectively). Furthermore adipocyte size was negatively associated with osteoid surface (R2=0.067, p=0.049). Finally, patients with vertebral fractures had higher MAT volume (50.82 (8.80)%) and larger adipocytes (55.75 (3.14) μm) compared to patients without fractures (45.58 (12.72)% p=0.032, 52.77 (3.73) μm p=0.004 respectively). In conclusion, raloxifene did not affect marrow adipose tissue, but tended to increase adipocyte number compared to placebo. At baseline MAT volume and adipocyte size were associated with bone resorption, and adipocyte size was associated with osteoid surface, suggesting an interaction between bone marrow adipocytes and bone turnover. In addition, we found that high MAT volume and larger adipocyte size are associated with prevalent vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, indicating that adipocyte size affects bone quality independent of bone volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerensa M Beekman
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, PO Box 7057, 1007MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 22660, 1100DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annegreet G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Netherlands; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, 81 Research Drive, 04074 Scarborough, ME, USA.
| | - Martin den Heijer
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, PO Box 7057, 1007MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mario Maas
- Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 22660, 1100DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ania M Oleksik
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael W Tanck
- Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Netherlands.
| | - Susan M Ott
- University of Washington, Bone and Joint Center, Box 354740, 4245 Roosevelt Way N.E., Seattle, WA 98105-6920, USA.
| | - Rob J van 't Hof
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Lips
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, PO Box 7057, 1007MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 22660, 1100DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; VU University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao L, Xu W, Li T, Chen J, Shao A, Yan F, Chen G. Stem Cell Therapy: A Promising Therapeutic Method for Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1809-1824. [PMID: 29871521 PMCID: PMC6300771 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718773363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one type of the most devastating cerebrovascular diseases worldwide, which causes high morbidity and mortality. However, efficient treatment is still lacking. Stem cell therapy has shown good neuroprotective and neurorestorative effect in ICH and is a promising treatment. In this study, our aim was to review the therapeutic effects, strategies, related mechanisms and safety issues of various types of stem cell for ICH treatment. Numerous studies had demonstrated the therapeutic effects of diverse stem cell types in ICH. The potential mechanisms include tissue repair and replacement, neurotrophy, promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, immunoregulation and anti-inflammation and so forth. The microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS) can also influence the effects of stem cell therapy. The detailed therapeutic strategies for ICH treatment such as cell type, the number of cells, time window, and the routes of medication delivery, varied greatly among different studies and had not been determined. Moreover, the safety issues of stem cell therapy for ICH should not be ignored. Stem cell therapy showed good therapeutic effect in ICH, making it a promising treatment. However, safety should be carefully evaluated, and more clinical trials are required before stem cell therapy can be extensively applied to clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Su Y, Shen X, Chen J, Isales CM, Zhao J, Shi XM. Differentially expressed genes in PPARγ-deficient MSCs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 471:97-104. [PMID: 28774780 PMCID: PMC5792374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key regulator of adipogenesis. It is also a central player in energy metabolism, inflammation and immunity. As an important nuclear transcription factor, PPARγ can regulate the expression and function of genes or biological processes directly or indirectly via association with other factors and thus modulate their activities. To better understand the impact of PPARγ on the global gene expression profile, we evaluated the bioinformatic data, which revealed the changes that occurred in genes and their pathways in the absence of PPARγ. In brief, we performed RNA deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis using RNA samples isolated from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of PPARγ knockout and wild type control mice. The RNA-Seq data sets were then subjected to bioinformatic analyses from various angles to better reveal the breadth of PPARγ function in different biological processes. Our results reveal novel genes and networks modulated by PPARγ and provides new insights into our understanding of the physiologic and pathophysiologic role this nuclear receptor plays in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA
| | - Xiaona Shen
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xing-Ming Shi
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chauhan S, Sharma A, Upadhyay NK, Singh G, Lal UR, Goyal R. In-vitro osteoblast proliferation and in-vivo anti-osteoporotic activity of Bombax ceiba with quantification of Lupeol, gallic acid and β-sitosterol by HPTLC and HPLC. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:233. [PMID: 30086745 PMCID: PMC6081808 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bombax ceiba is used traditionally to treat bone disorders, rheumatism, and joint pain. The aim of the study is to carry out osteogenic activity in-vitro and anti-osteoporotic activity in-vivo of stem bark of B. ceiba in surgical ovariectomy model in female rats. METHODS Plant drug: B. ceiba stem bark was extracted with solvents petroleum ether and methanol using Soxhlet extraction. In-vitro osteoblastic proliferation study was performed using UMR-106 cell lines. Both the extracts were undergone to acute toxicity study as per OECD423 guidelines. Female Wistar albino rats 180-240 g were used (n = 6). Surgical ovariectomy was performed under anesthesia to induce bone porosity and loss in all animals except normal control and sham control. Each extract was administered at two dose level: 100 and 200 mg/kg and the standard Raloxifene was given at 1 mg/kg orally for 28 days. The phytochemical study of both the extracts was performed using HPLC and HPTLC. RESULTS A significant osteoblast cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed with B. ceiba extracts in UMR-106 cell lines. Surgical removal of ovaries produced significant (p < 0.05) decline in bone mineral density, bone breaking strength, serum ALP, calcium, phosphorus, and estradiol level and marked bone tissue destruction in histology. Administration of petroleum ether and methanolic extract for 28 days significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the consequences of ovariectomy induced bone porosity and restored the normal architecture of bone, as compared to OVX control. The phytochemical screening of both the extracts were also carried out. The quantification of phytoconstituents showed the presence of β-sitosterol and lupeol in petroleum ether extract, whereas the lupeol is also quantified in the methanolic extract. The presence of gallic acid was quantified in methanolic extract using HPLC. CONCLUSION B. ceiba: stem bark ameliorated the state of bone fragility and fracture possibly due to estrogenic modulation, as also confirmed by in-vitro osteogenic activity which may be due to the presence of lupeol, gallic acid and β-sitosterol constituents of the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Chauhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173212 India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173212 India
| | | | - Gajender Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173212 India
| | - Uma Ranjan Lal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173212 India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173212 India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Martel D, Leporq B, Bruno M, Regatte RR, Honig S, Chang G. Chemical shift-encoded MRI for assessment of bone marrow adipose tissue fat composition: Pilot study in premenopausal versus postmenopausal women. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 53:148-155. [PMID: 30006022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT To quantify and compare subregional proximal femur bone marrow fat composition in premenopausal and postmenopausal women using chemical shift-encoded-MRI (CSE-MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi gradient-echo sequence at 3 T was used to scan both hips of premenopausal (n = 9) and postmenopausal (n = 18) women. Subregional fat composition (saturation, poly-unsaturation, mono-unsaturation) was quantitatively assessed in the femoral head, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, greater trochanter, and proximal shaft in bone marrow adipose tissue and separately within red and yellow marrow adipose tissue. RESULTS Significant differences in fat composition in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women, which varied depending on the subregion analyzed, were found. Within both whole and yellow marrow adipose tissue, postmenopausal women demonstrated higher saturation (+14.7% to +43.3%), lower mono- (-11.4% to -33%) and polyunsaturation (-52 to -83%) (p < 0.05). Within red marrow adipose tissue, postmenopausal women demonstrated lower fat quantity (-16% to -24%) and decreased polyunsaturation (-80 to -120%) in the femoral neck, greater trochanter, and Ward's triangle (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CSE-MRI can be used to detect subregional differences in proximal femur marrow adipose tissue composition between pre- and post-menopausal women in clinically feasible scan times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Martel
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Benjamin Leporq
- University of Lyon, Laboratoire CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA-Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, UCBL Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mary Bruno
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ravinder R Regatte
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Honig
- Osteoporosis Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Chang
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li J, Zuo B, Zhang L, Dai L, Zhang X. Osteoblast versus Adipocyte: Bone Marrow Microenvironment-Guided Epigenetic Control. CASE REPORTS IN ORTHOPEDIC RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1159/000489053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The commitment and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is tightly controlled by the local environment ensuring lineage differentiation balance and bone homeostasis. However, pathological conditions linked with osteoporosis have changed the bone marrow microenvironment, shifting MSCs’ fate to favor adipocytes over osteoblasts, and consequently leading to decreased bone mass with marrow fat accumulation. Multiple questions related to the underlying mechanisms remain to be answered. As recent findings have confirmed the fundamental role of the epigenetic mechanism in connecting environmental signals with gene expression and stem cell differentiation, a regulatory network in the bone marrow microenvironment, epigenetic modulation, gene expression, and MSC differentiation begins to emerge. This review discusses how pathological environmental factors affect MSCs’ fate by epigenetic modulating lineage-specific genes. We conclude that manipulating local environments and/or the epigenetic regulatory machinery that target the adipocyte differentiation pathway might be a therapeutic implication of bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Marrow Adipose Tissue: Its Origin, Function, and Regulation in Bone Remodeling and Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7098456. [PMID: 29955232 PMCID: PMC6000863 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7098456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a unique fat depot in the bone marrow and exhibits close relationship with hematopoiesis and bone homeostasis. MAT is distinct from peripheral adipose tissue in respect of its heterogeneous origin, site-specific distribution, and complex and perplexing function. Though MAT is indicated to function in hematopoiesis, skeletal remodeling, and energy metabolism, its explicit characterization still requires further research. In this review, we highlight recent advancement made in MAT regarding the origin and distribution of MAT, the local interaction with bone homeostasis and hematopoietic niche, the systemic endocrine regulation of metabolism, and MAT-based strategies to enhance bone formation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu Y, Wang N, Zhang S, Liang Q. Autophagy protects bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from palmitate‑induced apoptosis through the ROS‑JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1485-1494. [PMID: 29901107 PMCID: PMC6072221 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the association between saturated fatty acids (FA) and bone cells has received a high level of attention. Previous studies have shown that palmitate (PA), a common saturated FA, can cause apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, whether PA can induce autophagy, an important intracellular protection mechanism that is closely associated with apoptosis, in BMSCs is still unknown; the association between autophagy and apoptosis is also unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PA can induce autophagy in BMSCs. When BMSCs were treated with PA for >18 h, p62 began to accumulate, indicating that autophagic flux was impaired by prolonged exposure to PA. In addition, the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased when autophagy was inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3‑methyladenine. Furthermore, inducing autophagy by pretreating cells with rapamycin, a known inducer of autophagy, markedly reduced PA‑induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy may serve a protective role in PA‑induced apoptosis in BMSCs. PA also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which was decreased by the antioxidant N‑Acetyl‑cysteine, and promoted the activation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK). The addition of JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors substantially reduced autophagy. Therefore, the results indicated that PA can induce autophagy in BMSCs and protect cells from PA‑induced apoptosis through the ROS‑JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. These results may improve the general understanding of the mechanisms through which BMSCs adapt to PA‑induced apoptosis. The present study also provides a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of PA‑induced lipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qingwei Liang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu J, Qiu X, Liang Z, Smiley-Jewell S, Lu F, Yu M, Pinkerton KE, Zhao D, Shi B. Exposure to tobacco smoke increases bone loss in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:229-238. [PMID: 30257116 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1506838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define if exposure to tobacco smoke (TS) could induce reduction of bone mass and impairment of bone architecture, features observed in osteoporosis in normotensive rats and the influence of TS exposure on the osteoporotic features exhibited in the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. METHODS Normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and SH rats were exposed to filtered air or TS for 8 weeks, then their proximal femurs were extracted for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) assessment, histological and immune-histological examinations to quantify the adverse influence of TS exposure on the bone mass and density, as well as bone architecture. RESULTS We found that TS exposure not only induced significant decreases in bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV), cortical and trabecular thickness (Ct.Th and Tb.Th), trabecular surface area (Tb.Ar), expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the trabecular marrow, delayed ossification of cartilage, as well as statistical increases in trabecular separation (Tb.SP) and the number of trabecular marrow adipocytes in both WKY and SH rats, but also exacerbated multiple features of osteoporosis exhibited in SH rats, including decreased BMD, Ct.Th, Tb.Ar, HIF-1α expression, delayed cartilage ossification, and increased Tb.SP. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that TS exposure can reduce bone mass and impair bone architecture and exacerbate multiple features of osteoporosis exhibited in SH rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xu
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xing Qiu
- b Department of Orthopaedics , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | - Zhou Liang
- b Department of Orthopaedics , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | | | - Faqiang Lu
- b Department of Orthopaedics , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | - Mang Yu
- d Center for Clinical Sciences Research , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- c Center for Health and the Environment , University of California , Davis CA , USA
| | - Dewei Zhao
- b Department of Orthopaedics , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Icariin Regulates the Bidirectional Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8085325. [PMID: 29445413 PMCID: PMC5763109 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8085325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fat infiltration within the bone marrow is easily observed in some postmenopausal women. Those fats are mainly derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). The increment of adipocytes derived from BMMSCs leads to decreased osteoblasts derived from BMMSCs, so the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs significantly contributes to osteoporosis. Icariin is the main extractive of Herba Epimedii which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of icariin on the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs through quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, western blot, and tissue sections in vitro and in vivo. We found that icariin obviously promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis through detecting staining and gene expression. Micro-CT analysis showed that icariin treatment alleviated the loss of cancellous bone of the distal femur in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. H&E staining analysis showed that icariin-treated OVX mice obtained higher bone mass and fewer bone marrow lipid droplets than OVX mice. Western blot and immunofluorescence showed that icariin regulates the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs via canonical Wnt signaling. This study demonstrates that icariin exerts its antiosteoporotic effect by regulating the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs through the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ponti F, Guerri S, Sassi C, Battista G, Guglielmi G, Bazzocchi A. Imaging of diabetic bone. Endocrine 2017; 58:426-441. [PMID: 28293856 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an important concern in terms of medical and socioeconomic costs; a high risk for low-trauma fractures has been reported in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism involved in the increased fracture risk from diabetes is highly complex and still not entirely understood; obesity could play an important role: recent evidence suggests that the influence of fat on bone is mainly dependent on the pattern of regional fat deposition and that an increased amount of visceral adipose tissue negatively affects skeletal health.Correct and timely individuation of people with high fracture risk is critical for both prevention and treatment: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (currently the "gold standard" for diagnosis of osteoporosis) underestimates fracture risk in diabetic patients and therefore is not sufficient by itself to investigate bone status. This paper is focused on imaging, covering different modalities involved in the evaluation of skeletal deterioration in diabetes, discussing the limitations of conventional methods and exploring the potential of new tools and recent high-resolution techniques, with the intent to provide interesting insight into pathophysiology and fracture risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ponti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The "Rizzoli" Orthopaedic Institute, Via G. C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Division of Radiology S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Guerri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Division of Radiology S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Sassi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Division of Radiology S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battista
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Division of Radiology S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Radiology, Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The "Rizzoli" Orthopaedic Institute, Via G. C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li X, Shet K, Xu K, Rodríguez JP, Pino AM, Kurhanewicz J, Schwartz A, Rosen CJ. Unsaturation level decreased in bone marrow fat of postmenopausal women with low bone density using high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy. Bone 2017; 105:87-92. [PMID: 28823880 PMCID: PMC5650928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There are increasing evidences suggesting bone marrow adiposity tissue (MAT) plays a critical role in affecting both bone quantity and quality. However, very limited studies that have investigated the association between the composition of MAT and bone mineral density (BMD). The goal of this study was to quantify MAT unsaturation profile of marrow samples from post-menopausal women using ex vivo high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, and to investigate the relationship between MAT composition and BMD. Bone marrow samples were obtained by iliac crest aspiration during surgical procedures from 24 postmenopausal women (65-89years) who had hip surgery due to bone fracture or arthroplasty. Marrow fat composition parameters, in particular, unsaturation level (UL), mono-unsaturation level (MUL) and saturation level (SL), were quantified using HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. The patients were classified into three groups based on the DXA BMD T-scores: controls, osteopenia and osteoporosis. Marrow fat composition was compared between these three groups as well as between subjects with and without factures using ANOCOVA, adjusted for age. Subjects with lower BMD (n=17) had significantly lower MUL (P=0.003) and UL (P=0.039), and significantly higher SL (P=0.039) compared to controls (n=7). When separating lower BMD into osteopenia (n=9) and osteoporosis (n=8) groups, subjects with osteopenia had significantly lower MUL (P=0.002) and UL (P=0.010), and significantly higher SL (P=0.010) compared to healthy controls. No significant difference was observed between subjects with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Using HRMAS 1H NMR, significantly lower unsaturation and significantly higher saturation levels were observed in the marrow fat of subjects with lower BMD. HRMAS 1H NMR was shown to be a powerful tool for identifying novel MR markers of marrow fat composition that are associated with bone quality and potentially fracture, and other bone pathologies and changes after treatment. A better understanding of the relationship between bone marrow composition and bone quality in humans may identify novel treatment targets, and provide guidance on novel interventions and therapeutic strategies for bone preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Keerthi Shet
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kaipin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Juan Pablo Rodríguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ana María Pino
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Ann Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moya A, Larochette N, Bourguignon M, El-Hafci H, Potier E, Petite H, Logeart-Avramoglou D. Osteogenic potential of adipogenic predifferentiated human bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells for bone tissue-engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1511-e1524. [PMID: 28875591 DOI: 10.1002/term.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the benefits of an adipogenic predifferentiation, the pathway most closely related to osteoblastogenesis, on the pro-osteogenic potential of human adult multipotent bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs), both in vitro and in vivo. Adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs for 14 days resulted in a heterogeneous cell population from which the most adipogenic-committed cells were eliminated by their lack of readhesion ability. Our results provided evidence that the select adherent adipogenic differentiated hBMSCs (sAD+ cells) express a gene profile characteristic of both adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. In vitro, when cultured in osteogenic medium, sAD+ differentiated along the osteogenic lineage faster than undifferentiated hBMSCs. In vivo, in an ectopic mouse model, sAD+ exhibited a significantly higher bone formation capability compared with undifferentiated hBMSCs. We sought, then, to investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for such beneficial effects of adipogenic predifferentiation on bone formation and found that this outcome was not linked to a better cell survival post-implantation. The secretome of sAD+ was both proangiogenic and chemoattractant, but its potential did not supersede the one of undifferentiated hBMSCs. However, using co-culture systems, we observed that the sAD+ paracrine factors were pro-osteogenic on undifferentiated hBMSCs. In conclusion, adipogenic priming endows hBMSCs with high osteogenic potential as well as pro-osteogenic paracrine-mediated activity. This preconditioning appears as a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering technology in order to improve the hBMSC osteogenic potency in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Moya
- UMR 7052 CNRS University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Hanane El-Hafci
- UMR 7052 CNRS University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Esther Potier
- UMR 7052 CNRS University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Petite
- UMR 7052 CNRS University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
The emerging role of bone marrow adipose tissue in bone health and dysfunction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1291-1301. [PMID: 29101431 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of red hematopoietic bone marrow with yellow adipocyte-rich marrow is a conserved physiological process among mammals. The extent of this conversion is influenced by a wide array of pathological and non-pathological conditions. Of particular interest is the observation that some marrow adipocyte-inducing factors seem to oppose each other, for instance obesity and caloric restriction. Intriguingly, several important molecular characteristics of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) are distinct from the classical depots of white and brown fat tissue. This depot of fat has recently emerged as an active part of the bone marrow niche that exerts paracrine and endocrine functions thereby controlling osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. While some functions of BMAT may be beneficial for metabolic adaptation and bone homeostasis, respectively, most findings assign bone fat a detrimental role during regenerative processes, such as hematopoiesis and osteogenesis. Thus, an improved understanding of the biological mechanisms leading to formation of BMAT, its molecular characteristics, and its physiological role in the bone marrow niche is warranted. Here we review the current understanding of BMAT biology and its potential implications for health and the development of pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hashimoto R, Katoh Y, Miyamoto Y, Nakamura K, Itoh S, Daida H, Nakazato Y, Okada T. High extracellular Ca 2+ enhances the adipocyte accumulation of bone marrow stromal cells through a decrease in cAMP. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:74-80. [PMID: 29029793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are common progenitors of both adipocytes and osteoblasts. We recently suggested that increased [Ca2+]o caused by bone resorption might accelerate adipocyte accumulation in response to treatment with both insulin and dexamethasone. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which high [Ca2+]o enhances adipocyte accumulation. We used primary mouse BMSCs and evaluated the levels of adipocyte accumulation by measuring Oil Red O staining. CaSR agonists (both Ca2+ and Sr2+) enhanced the accumulation of adipocytes among BMSCs in response to treatment with both insulin and dexamethasone. We showed that high [Ca2+]o decreases the concentration of cAMP using ELISA. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that increasing the intracellular concentration of cAMP (both chemical inducer (1μM forskolin and 200nM IBMX) and a cAMP analog (10μM pCPT-cAMP)) suppressed the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. In addition, forskolin, IBMX, and pCPT-cAMP inhibited the enhancement in adipocyte accumulation under high [Ca2+]o in BMSCs. However, this inhibited effect was not observed in BMSCs that were cultured in a basal concentration of [Ca2+]o. We next observed that the accumulation of adipocytes in the of bone marrow of middle-aged mice (25-40 weeks old) is higher than that of young mice (6 weeks old) based on micro CT. ELISA results revealed that the concentration of cAMP in the bone marrow mononuclear cells of middle-aged mice is lower than that of young mice. These data suggest that increased [Ca2+]o caused by bone resorption might accelerate adipocyte accumulation through CaSR following a decrease in cAMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Youichi Katoh
- Juntendo University Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8421, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Takasu 2-5-1, Urayasu-shi, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seigo Itoh
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakazato
- Center for Environmental Research, Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine Urayasu Hospital, Tomioka 2-1-1, Urayasu-shi, Chiba 279-0022, Japan
| | - Takao Okada
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Park YE, Musson DS, Naot D, Cornish J. Cell–cell communication in bone development and whole-body homeostasis and pharmacological avenues for bone disorders. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 34:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
37
|
Sulston RJ, Cawthorn WP. Bone marrow adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: close to the bone? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 28:21-38. [PMID: 27149203 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major endocrine organ, secreting a diverse range of hormones, lipid species, cytokines and other factors to exert diverse local and systemic effects. These secreted products, known as 'adipokines', contribute extensively to WAT's impact on physiology and disease. Adipocytes also exist in the bone marrow (BM), but unlike WAT, study of this bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) has been relatively limited. We recently discovered that MAT contributes to circulating adiponectin, an adipokine that mediates cardiometabolic benefits. Moreover, we found that MAT expansion exerts systemic effects. Together, these observations identify MAT as an endocrine organ. Additional studies are revealing further secretory functions of MAT, including production of other adipokines, cytokines and lipids that exert local effects within bone. These observations suggest that, like WAT, MAT has secretory functions with diverse potential effects, both locally and systemically. A major limitation is that these findings are often based on in vitro approaches that may not faithfully recapitulate the characteristics and functions of BM adipocytes in vivo. This underscores the need to develop improved methods for in vivo analysis of MAT function, including more robust transgenic models for MAT targeting, and continued development of techniques for non-invasive analysis of MAT quantity and quality in humans. Although many aspects of MAT formation and function remain poorly understood, MAT is now attracting increasing research focus; hence, there is much promise for further advances in our understanding of MAT as an endocrine organ, and how MAT impacts human health and disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abdallah BM. Marrow adipocytes inhibit the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts via suppressing BMP-signaling. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:11. [PMID: 28173811 PMCID: PMC5296965 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced bone formation is associated with increased bone marrow fat in many bone-loss related diseases including aging, post-menopause, and anorexia nervosa. Several lines of evidence suggested the regulation of osteogenesis and adipogenesis of the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal (skeletal) stem cells (BMSCs) by paracrine mediators. This study aimed to investigate the impact of adipocytes-secreted factors on the cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs. Methods Serum free conditioned medium (CM-Adipo) was collected from stromal ST2 cells-derived adipocytes. Cell viability, quantitative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin red staining for matrix mineralization and osteogenic gene array expression were performed to determine the effect of CM-Adipo on cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of primary murine BMSCs (mBMSCs). Regulation of BMPs and NF-κB signaling pathways by CM-Adipo were detected by Western blot analysis and gene reporter assay. Results CM-Adipo showed no effect on cell viability/proliferation of primary mBMSCs as compared to CM-control. On the other hand, CM-Adipo significantly inhibited the commitment of mBMSCs into osteoblastic cell lineage in dose-dependent manner. CM-Adipo was found to dramatically inhibit the BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation and to activate the inflammatory NF-κB signaling in mBMSCs. Interestingly, treatment of mBMSCs with the selective inhibitor of NF-κB pathway, BAY11-770682, showed to retrieve the inhibitory effect of CM-Adipo on BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation in mBMSCs. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that the marrow adipocytes exert paracrine inhibitory effect on the osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs by blocking BMPs signaling in a mechanism mediated by adipokines-induced NF-κB pathway activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-017-0321-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. .,Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ghodsi M, Larijani B, Keshtkar AA, Nasli-Esfahani E, Alatab S, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR. Mechanisms involved in altered bone metabolism in diabetes: a narrative review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:52. [PMID: 27891497 PMCID: PMC5111345 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that change in metabolism caused by diabetes can influence the bone metabolism in a way that quality and strength of bone is decreased. A 6 times and 2 times increased risk of fracture is reported in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. There are several mechanisms by which diabetes can affect the bone. The fact that some of these mechanisms are acting in opposite ways opens the door for debate on pathways by which diabetes affects the bones. On the other hand, bone is not a simple organ that only get influence from other organs, but it is an endocrine organ that by secreting the agents such as osteocalcin, adiponectin and visfatin which can affect the insulin sensitivity and metabolism. In this paper we tried to briefly assess the latest finding in this matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghodsi
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Resarch Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbass Ali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health (SPH), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sudabeh Alatab
- Urology Research Center (URC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Resarch Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Qiu X, Gui Y, Xu Y, Li D, Wang L. DHEA promotes osteoblast differentiation by regulating the expression of osteoblast-related genes and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Biosci Trends 2016; 9:307-14. [PMID: 26559023 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2015.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) promotes osteoblast proliferation and inhibits osteoblast apoptosis and that DHEA inhibits osteoclast maturation. However, whether DHEA regulates osteoblast differentiation remains unclear. The present study first examined the effect of DHEA on bone morphology in vivo. DHEA was found to increase bone volume (BV), bone mineral density (BMD), and the number of trabeculae in bone (Th.N) and it was found to decrease trabecular spacing in bone (Th.sp) in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Next, the effect of DHEA on osteoblast differentiation was examined in vitro and osteoblastogenesis-related marker genes, such as Runx2, Osterix, Collagen1, and Osteocalcin, were also detected. DHEA increased osteoblast production in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in osteoblastogenic medium, and DHEA increased the expression of Runx2 and osterix, thereby increasing the expression of osteocalcin and collagen1. Immune cells and bone interact, so changes in immune cells were detected in vivo. DHEA increased the number of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen but it did not affect CTLA-4 or IL-10. When MSCs were treated with DHEA in the presence of Tregs, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased. Osteoblasts and adipocytes are both generated by MSCs. If osteoblast differentiation increases, adipocyte differentiation will decrease, and the reverse also holds true. DHEA was found to increase the number of adipocytes in osteoblastogenic medium but it had no effect on the number of adipocytes and expression of PPARγ mRNA in adipogenic medium. This finding suggests that osteoblasts may be involved in adipocyte production. In conclusion, the current results suggest that DHEA can improve postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) by up-regulating osteoblast differentiation via the up-regulation of the expression of osteoblastogenesis-related genes and via an increase in Foxp3(+) Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fibbi B, Benvenuti S, Giuliani C, Deledda C, Luciani P, Monici M, Mazzanti B, Ballerini C, Peri A. Low extracellular sodium promotes adipogenic commitment of human mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel mechanism for chronic hyponatremia-induced bone loss. Endocrine 2016; 52:73-85. [PMID: 26093848 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyponatremia represents an independent risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures, affecting both bone density and quality. A direct stimulation of bone resorption in the presence of reduced extracellular sodium concentrations ([Na(+)]) has been shown, but the effects of low [Na(+)] on osteoblasts have not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of a chronic reduction of extracellular [Na(+)], independently of osmotic stress, on human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) from bone marrow, the common progenitor for osteoblasts and adipocytes. hMSC adhesion and viability were significantly inhibited by reduced [Na(+)], but their surface antigen profile and immuno-modulatory properties were not altered. In low [Na(+)], hMSC were able to commit toward both the osteogenic and the adipogenic phenotypes, as demonstrated by differentiation markers analysis. However, the dose-dependent increase in the number of adipocytes as a function of reduced [Na(+)] suggested a preferential commitment toward the adipogenic phenotype at the expense of osteogenesis. The amplified inhibitory effect on the expression of osteoblastic markers exerted by adipocytes-derived conditioned media in low [Na(+)] further supported this observation. The analysis of cytoskeleton showed that low [Na(+)] were associated with disruption of tubulin organization in hMSC-derived osteoblasts, thus suggesting a negative effect on bone quality. Finally, hMSC-derived osteoblasts increased their expression of factors stimulating osteoclast recruitment and activity. These findings confirm that hyponatremia should be carefully taken into account because of its negative effects on bone, in addition to the known neurological effects, and indicate for the first time that impaired osteogenesis may be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Fibbi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - S Benvenuti
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - C Giuliani
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - C Deledda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - P Luciani
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Monici
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Research Division, "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education on Chronic, Inflammatory, Degenerative and Neoplastic Disorders for the Development of Novel Therapies" (DENOThe), Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - B Mazzanti
- Haematology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C Ballerini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Peri
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cawthorn WP, Scheller EL, Parlee SD, Pham HA, Learman BS, Redshaw CMH, Sulston RJ, Burr AA, Das AK, Simon BR, Mori H, Bree AJ, Schell B, Krishnan V, MacDougald OA. Expansion of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue During Caloric Restriction Is Associated With Increased Circulating Glucocorticoids and Not With Hypoleptinemia. Endocrinology 2016; 157:508-21. [PMID: 26696121 PMCID: PMC4733126 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) accounts for up to 70% of bone marrow volume in healthy adults and increases further in clinical conditions of altered skeletal or metabolic function. Perhaps most strikingly, and in stark contrast to white adipose tissue, MAT has been found to increase during caloric restriction (CR) in humans and many other species. Hypoleptinemia may drive MAT expansion during CR but this has not been demonstrated conclusively. Indeed, MAT formation and function are poorly understood; hence, the physiological and pathological roles of MAT remain elusive. We recently revealed that MAT contributes to hyperadiponectinemia and systemic adaptations to CR. To further these observations, we have now performed CR studies in rabbits to determine whether CR affects adiponectin production by MAT. Moderate or extensive CR decreased bone mass, white adipose tissue mass, and circulating leptin but, surprisingly, did not cause hyperadiponectinemia or MAT expansion. Although this unexpected finding limited our subsequent MAT characterization, it demonstrates that during CR, bone loss can occur independently of MAT expansion; increased MAT may be required for hyperadiponectinemia; and hypoleptinemia is not sufficient for MAT expansion. We further investigated this relationship in mice. In females, CR increased MAT without decreasing circulating leptin, suggesting that hypoleptinemia is also not necessary for MAT expansion. Finally, circulating glucocorticoids increased during CR in mice but not rabbits, suggesting that glucocorticoids might drive MAT expansion during CR. These observations provide insights into the causes and consequences of CR-associated MAT expansion, knowledge with potential relevance to health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P Cawthorn
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Sebastian D Parlee
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - H An Pham
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Brian S Learman
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Catherine M H Redshaw
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Richard J Sulston
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Aaron A Burr
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Arun K Das
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Becky R Simon
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Adam J Bree
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Benjamin Schell
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Venkatesh Krishnan
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li J, Liu X, Zuo B, Zhang L. The Role of Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Governing the Balance between Osteoblastogenesis and Adipogenesis. Aging Dis 2015; 7:514-25. [PMID: 27493836 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult bone marrow, osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common precursor called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The plasticity between the two lineages has been confirmed over the past decades, and has important implications in the etiology of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, which involves an imbalance between osteoblasts and adipocytes. The commitment and differentiation of bone marrow (BM) MSCs is tightly controlled by the local environment that maintains a balance between osteoblast lineage and adipocyte. However, pathological conditions linked to osteoporosis can change the BM microenvironment and shift the MSC fate to favor adipocytes over osteoblasts, and consequently decrease bone mass with marrow fat accumulation. This review discusses the changes that occur in the BM microenvironment under pathological conditions, and how these changes affect MSC fate. We suggest that manipulating local environments could have therapeutic implications to avoid bone loss in diseases like osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Tong Ji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li W, Wei S, Liu C, Song M, Wu H, Yang Y. Regulation of the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stromal cells by extracellular uridine triphosphate: The role of P2Y2 receptor and ERK1/2 signaling. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:63-73. [PMID: 26531757 PMCID: PMC4687443 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) is a crucial pathological factor in the development of osteoporosis. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular nucleotide signaling involving the P2 receptors plays a significant role in bone metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of uridine triphosphate (UTP) on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The differentiation of the BMSCs was determined by measuring the mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenic- and adipogenic-related markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining and Oil Red O staining. The effects of UTP on BMSC differentiation were assayed using selective P2Y receptor antagonists, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and an intracellular signaling inhibitor. The incubation of the BMSCs with UTP resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in osteogenesis and an increase in adipogenesis, without affecting cell proliferation. Significantly, siRNA targeting the P2Y2 receptor prevented the effects of UTP, whereas the P2Y6 receptor antagonist (MRS2578) and siRNA targeting the P2Y4 receptor had little effect. The activation of P2Y receptors by UTP transduced to the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. This transduction was prevented by the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor (U0126) and siRNA targeting the P2Y2 receptor. U0126 prevented the effects of UTP on osteogenic- and adipogenic-related gene expression after 24 h of culture, as opposed to 3 to 7 days of culture. Thus, our data suggest that UTP suppresses the osteogenic and enhances the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by activating the P2Y2 receptor. The ERK1/2 signaling pathway mediates the early stages of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Limonard EJ, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, van Dussen L, Runge JH, Tanck MW, Endert E, Heijboer AC, Fliers E, Hollak CE, Akkerman EM, Bisschop PH. Short-Term Effect of Estrogen on Human Bone Marrow Fat. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:2058-66. [PMID: 25982922 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow fat, an unique component of the bone marrow cavity increases with aging and menopause and is inversely related to bone mass. Sex steroids may be involved in the regulation of bone marrow fat, because men have higher bone marrow fat than women and clinical observations have suggested that the variation in bone marrow fat fraction is greater in premenopausal compared to postmenopausal women and men. We hypothesized that the menstrual cycle and/or estrogen affects the bone marrow fat fraction. First, we measured vertebral bone marrow fat fraction with Dixon Quantitative Chemical Shift MRI (QCSI) twice a week during 1 month in 10 regularly ovulating women. The vertebral bone marrow fat fraction increased 0.02 (95% CI, 0.00 to 0.03) during the follicular phase (p = 0.033), and showed a nonsignificant decrease of 0.02 (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.04) during the luteal phase (p = 0.091). To determine the effect of estrogen on bone marrow fat, we measured vertebral bone marrow fat fraction every week for 6 consecutive weeks in 6 postmenopausal women before, during, and after 2 weeks of oral 17-β estradiol treatment (2 mg/day). Bone marrow fat fraction decreased by 0.05 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.09) from 0.48 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.53) to 0.43 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.51) during 17-β estradiol administration (p < 0.001) and increased again after cessation. During 17-β estradiol administration the bone formation marker procollagen type I N propeptide (P1NP) increased (p = 0.034) and the bone resorption marker C-terminal crosslinking telopeptides of collagen type I (CTx) decreased (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we described the variation in vertebral bone marrow fat fraction among ovulating premenopausal women. And among postmenopausal women, we demonstrated that 17-β estradiol rapidly reduces the marrow fat fraction, suggesting that 17-β estradiol regulates bone marrow fat independent of bone mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eelkje J Limonard
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annegreet G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura van Dussen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jurgen H Runge
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael W Tanck
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Endert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla E Hollak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik M Akkerman
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gillet C, Spruyt D, Rigutto S, Dalla Valle A, Berlier J, Louis C, Debier C, Gaspard N, Malaisse WJ, Gangji V, Rasschaert J. Oleate Abrogates Palmitate-Induced Lipotoxicity and Proinflammatory Response in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Osteoblastic Cells. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4081-93. [PMID: 26327577 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease associated with unequilibrated bone remodeling resulting from decreased bone formation and/or increased bone resorption, leading to progressive bone loss. In osteoporotic patients, low bone mass is associated with an increase of bone marrow fat resulting from accumulation of adipocytes within the bone marrow. Marrow adipocytes are active secretory cells, releasing cytokines, adipokines and free fatty acids (FA) that influence the bone marrow microenvironment and alter the biology of neighboring cells. Therefore, we examined the effect of palmitate (Palm) and oleate (Ole), 2 highly prevalent FA in human organism and diet, on the function and survival of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-derived osteoblastic cells. The saturated FA Palm exerted a cytotoxic action via initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and ERK pathways. In addition, Palm induced a proinflammatory response, as determined by the up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 expression as well as the increase of IL-6 and IL-8 expression and secretion. Moreover, we showed that MSC-derived osteoblastic cells were more sensitive to lipotoxicity than undifferentiated MSC. The monounsaturated FA Ole fully neutralized Palm-induced lipotoxicity by impairing activation of the pathways triggered by the saturated FA. Moreover, Ole promoted Palm detoxification by fostering its esterification into triglycerides and storage in lipid droplets. Altogether, our data showed that physiological concentrations of Palm and Ole differently modulated cell death and function in bone cells. We therefore propose that FA could influence skeletal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gillet
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Spruyt
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Rigutto
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Dalla Valle
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Berlier
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Louis
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Debier
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Gaspard
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W J Malaisse
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Gangji
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Rasschaert
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry (C.G., D.S., S.R., A.D.V., J.B., N.G., W.J.M., V.G., J.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Life Sciences (C.L., C.D.), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; and Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine (V.G.), Erasme Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li W, Li G, Zhang Y, Wei S, Song M, Wang W, Yuan X, Wu H, Yang Y. Role of P2 × 7 receptor in the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:367-79. [PMID: 26481422 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance in osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells is a crucial pathological process of osteoporosis. P2 × 7-deficient mice were previously shown to exhibit an osteopenic phenotype and abnormal fat distribution, leading us to hypothesize that P2 × 7R activation was involved in the differentiation of BMSCs. Consequently, we investigated the effect of P2 × 7R activation on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro, and established an ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis model to test P2 × 7R activation on adipocytes formation, trabecular and cortical bone parameters in vivo. Our results showed that activation of P2 × 7R by BzATP resulted in increase in the gene expression of osteoblastic markers, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and bone mineralization, and decrease in the gene expression of adipogenic markers and the number of adipocytes generated by BMSCs. MicroCT analysis showed that BzATP treatment ameliorated the micro-architecture of trabecular bones in OVX mice, while cortical bone parameters were unaffected. H&E staining analysis showed that was increase in the volume of trabecular bone and number of trabecular bone, and decrease in bone marrow adipocytes in BzATP-treated OVX mice compared with OVX mice. Also, activation of P2 × 7R transduced to ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways. This transduction was prevented by BBG, U0126, and SP600125. U0126 and SP600125 prevented BzATP-induced up-regulation of osteogenic-related genes expression and down-regulation of adipogenic-related genes expression. These data suggest that BzATP activates the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts but not adipocytes by stimulating ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways in a P2 × 7R-dependent way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guizhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Enshi Center Hospital, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingyu Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cao J, Ou G, Yang N, Ding K, Kream BE, Hamrick MW, Isales CM, Shi XM. Impact of targeted PPARγ disruption on bone remodeling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:27-34. [PMID: 25666993 PMCID: PMC4444378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), known as the master regulator of adipogenesis, has been regarded as a promising target for new anti-osteoporosis therapy due to its role in regulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell (BMSC) lineage commitment. However, the precise mechanism underlying PPARγ regulation of bone is not clear as a bone-specific PPARγ conditional knockout (cKO) study has not been conducted and evidence showed that deletion of PPARγ in other tissues also have profound effect on bone. In this study, we show that mice deficiency of PPARγ in cells expressing a 3.6 kb type I collagen promoter fragment (PPAR(fl/fl):Col3.6-Cre) exhibits a moderate, site-dependent bone mass phenotype. In vitro studies showed that adipogenesis is abolished completely and osteoblastogenesis increased significantly in both primary bone marrow culture and the BMSCs isolated from PPARγ cKO mice. Histology and histomorphometry studies revealed significant increases in the numbers of osteoblasts and surface in the PPARγ cKO mice. Finally, we found that neither the differentiation nor the function of osteoclasts was affected in the PPARγ cKO mice. Together, our studies indicate that PPARγ plays an important role in bone remodeling by increasing the abundance of osteoblasts for repair, but not during skeletal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Cao
- USDA ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Guomin Ou
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Nianlan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Kehong Ding
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Barbara E Kream
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cell Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xing-Ming Shi
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
PURPOSE In epidemiologic and animal studies, a high fat diet (HFD) has been shown to be associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher risk of osteoporotic fractures. Meanwhile, consuming a HFD containing diacylglycerol (DAG) instead of triacylglycerol (TAG) is known to offer metabolically beneficial effects of reductions in body weight and abdominal fat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a HFD containing DAG (HFD-DAG) on bone in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n=39) were divided into three weight-matched groups based on diet type: a chow diet group, a HFD containing TAG (HFD-TAG) group, and a HFD-DAG group. After 20 weeks, body composition and bone microstructure were analyzed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR of bone marrow cells were performed to investigate the expressions of transcription factors for osteogenesis or adipogenesis. RESULTS The HFD-DAG group exhibited lower body weight, higher BMD, and superior microstructural bone parameters, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group showed increased expression of Runx2 and decreased expression of PPARgamma in bone marrow cells, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group also had lower levels of plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride than the HFD-TAG group. CONCLUSION Compared to HFD-TAG, HFD-DAG showed beneficial effects on bone and bone metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Seok Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Kil Lim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Martin PJ, Haren N, Ghali O, Clabaut A, Chauveau C, Hardouin P, Broux O. Adipogenic RNAs are transferred in osteoblasts via bone marrow adipocytes-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:10. [PMID: 25887582 PMCID: PMC4369894 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In osteoporosis, bone loss is accompanied by increased marrow adiposity. Given their proximity in the bone marrow and their shared origin, a dialogue between adipocytes and osteoblasts could be a factor in the competition between human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSC) differentiation routes, leading to adipocyte differentiation at the expense of osteoblast differentiation. The adipocyte/osteoblast balance is highly regulated at the level of gene transcription. In our work, we focused on PPARgamma, CEBPalpha and CEBPdelta, as these transcription factors are seen as master regulators of adipogenesis and expressed precociously, and on leptin and adiponectin, considered as adipocyte marker genes. In 2010, our group has demonstrated, thanks to a coculture model, that in the presence of hMSC-derived adipocytes (hMSC-Adi), hMSC-derived osteoblasts (hMSC-Ost) express lesser amounts of osteogenic markers but exhibit the expression of typical adipogenic genes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this modulation of gene expression are not clarified. Recently, adipocytes were described as releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing and transferring adipocyte specific transcripts, like PPARgamma, leptin and adiponectin. Here, we investigated whether EVs could be the way in which adipocytes transfer adipogenic RNAs in our coculture model. Results We observed in hMSC-Ost incubated in hAdi-CM an increase in the adipogenic PPARγ, leptin, CEBPα and CEBPδ transcripts as well as the anti-osteoblastic miR-138, miR30c, miR125a, miR-125b, miR-31 miRNAs, probably implicated in the observed osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP) expression decrease. Moreover, EVs were isolated from conditioned media collected from cultures of hMSC at different stages of adipocyte differentiation and these specific adipogenic transcripts were detected inside. Finally, thanks to interspecies conditioned media exposition, we could highlight for the first time a horizontal transfer of adipogenic transcripts from medullary adipocytes to osteoblasts. Conclusions Here, we have shown, for the first time, RNA transfer between hMSC-derived adipocytes and osteoblasts through EVs. Additional studies are needed to clarify if this mechanism has a role in the adipocytic switch driven on osteoblasts by adipocytes inside bone marrow and if EVs could be a target component to regulate the competition between osteoblasts and adipocytes in the prevention or in the therapy of osteoporosis and other osteopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perrine J Martin
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France. .,UCEIV EA 4492, F-59140, Dunkerque, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA4492 - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2, ULCO, 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Nathalie Haren
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Olfa Ghali
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Aline Clabaut
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Pierre Hardouin
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Odile Broux
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| |
Collapse
|