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Aust B, Leduc C, Cresswell-Smith J, O'Brien C, Rugulies R, Leduc M, Dhalaigh DN, Dushaj A, Fanaj N, Guinart D, Maxwell M, Reich H, Ross V, Sadath A, Schnitzspahn K, Tóth MD, van Audenhove C, van Weeghel J, Wahlbeck K, Arensman E, Greiner BA. The effects of different types of organisational workplace mental health interventions on mental health and wellbeing in healthcare workers: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:485-522. [PMID: 38695906 PMCID: PMC11130054 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if and which types of organisational interventions conducted in small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in healthcare are effective on mental health and wellbeing. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched six scientific databases, assessed the methodological quality of eligible studies using QATQS and grouped them into six organisational intervention types for narrative synthesis. Only controlled studies with at least one follow-up were eligible. RESULTS We identified 22 studies (23 articles) mainly conducted in hospitals with 16 studies rated of strong or moderate methodological quality. More than two thirds (68%) of the studies reported improvements in at least one primary outcome (mental wellbeing, burnout, stress, symptoms of depression or anxiety), most consistently in burnout with eleven out of thirteen studies. We found a strong level of evidence for the intervention type "Job and task modifications" and a moderate level of evidence for the types "Flexible work and scheduling" and "Changes in the physical work environment". For all other types, the level of evidence was insufficient. We found no studies conducted with an independent SME, however five studies with SMEs attached to a larger organisational structure. The effectiveness of workplace mental health interventions in these SMEs was mixed. CONCLUSION Organisational interventions in healthcare workers can be effective in improving mental health, especially in reducing burnout. Intervention types where the change in the work environment constitutes the intervention had the highest level of evidence. More research is needed for SMEs and for healthcare workers other than hospital-based physicians and nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Aust
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Caleb Leduc
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Clíodhna O'Brien
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mallorie Leduc
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Arilda Dushaj
- Community Centre for Health and Wellbeing, Tirana, Albania
| | - Naim Fanaj
- Per Mendje Te Shendoshe (PMSH), Prizren, Kosovo
- Alma Mater Europaea Campus Rezonanca, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Daniel Guinart
- CIBERSAM, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Salut Mental, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, USA
| | - Margaret Maxwell
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professionals Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Hanna Reich
- German Foundation for Depression and Suicide Prevention, Leipzig, Germany
- Depression Research Centre of the German Depression Foundation, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Victoria Ross
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anvar Sadath
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mónika Ditta Tóth
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chantal van Audenhove
- KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Center for Care Research and Consultancy, LUCAS, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Jaap van Weeghel
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Lork K, Danielsson L, Larsson MEH, Holmgren K. Experiences of rehabilitation coordination among people on sick leave with mental health problems. Scand J Prim Health Care 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38833374 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2024.2361242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Return to work often requires collaboration between different stakeholders. Rehabilitation coordination is a resource in coordinating efforts during sick leave to facilitate return to work. The purpose of the present study was to describe how people at risk for sick leave or on sick leave with mental health problems experienced rehabilitation coordination. MATERIALS AND METHOD The study had a qualitative approach using qualitative content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with persons at risk for sick leave or on sick leave due to mental health problems and with experience of rehabilitation coordination. RESULTS The participants experience of rehabilitation coordination were described by the overarching theme Building a bridge with many bricks between the person and society. The theme was formed by four categories and eleven subcategories reflecting the complex context of rehabilitation coordination. The categories were Collaboration in a new setting, Unburdened within certain limits, The way back to work is a joint project and Recognising challenges beyond the person. CONCLUSIONS People with mental health problems experienced rehabilitation coordination as a meaningful link between healthcare and work. However, rehabilitation coordination needs to be more recognised within healthcare to increase accessibility. It seems important that interventions are directed not only towards the person, but also include the workplace for a sustainable return to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Lork
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Danielsson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E H Larsson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Holmgren
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shiratsuchi D, Motohiro A, Okuyama K, Abe T. Relationship between occupational stress and presenteeism status among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38829113 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2359409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify characteristics of workers experiencing health problems without a decline in labor productivity to address presenteeism. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 554 workers in Japan, with a median age of 43 years. Participants reported any health problems in the past month, along with job stressors, stress responses, social support, and job and life satisfaction using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. They were categorized into three groups: "no symptoms," "pre-presenteeism" (health problems without work impact), and "presenteeism" (health problems with work impact). Results showed that 30.1% were in "prepresenteeism" and 52.0% in "presenteeism." Stress responses and social support were linked to both "pre-presenteeism" and "presenteeism," while job stressors and job and life satisfaction were only associated with "presenteeism." These findings offer insights for preventing presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijo Shiratsuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Motohiro
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo City, Japan
- Canvas Inc., Matsue City, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo City, Japan
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo City, Japan
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Yang XC, Zhang XY, Liu YH, Liu FJ, Lin HX, Chang C, Cao WN. Association between workplace health promotion service utilisation and depressive symptoms among workers: a nationwide survey. Public Health 2024; 231:64-70. [PMID: 38636278 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Workplace-related factors are associated with the risk of depression. Despite implementation of workplace health promotion (WHP) programmes in China to promote the physical and mental well-being of workers, the relationship between WHP and depression has received limited attention. This study investigated the association between WHP service utilisation and depressive symptoms among workers. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional survey. METHODS A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, WHP service utilisation, and mental health status. The Lasso method was used for variable selection to achieve dimension reduction, and logistic regression was used to assess the association between WHP service utilisation and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The analysis included 11,710 workers, of whom 17.0% had depressive symptoms. Lasso regression resulted in 6 of 18 WHP services showing significant negative associations with depressive symptoms, including occupational safety training, mental health services, health check-ups, sports activities, fitness rooms, and healthy canteens. The logistic regression results showed that, after adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational factors, utilisation of these six services was associated with a decreased likelihood of depressive symptoms. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.96) for occupational safety training, aOR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99) for mental health services, aOR: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.90) for health check-ups, aOR: 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57-0.80) for sports activities, aOR: 0.59 (95% CI: 0.47-0.74) for fitness rooms and aOR: 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59-0.87) for healthy canteens. CONCLUSIONS Utilisation of WHP services was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. Implementation of WHP services and the provision of a supportive workplace environment should be prioritised to benefit the mental health of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Yang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X Y Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Y H Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - F J Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - H X Lin
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - C Chang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - W N Cao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Angerer P, Gündel H, Kröger C, Rothermund E. [Rationale, models, and impact of workplace-based psychotherapeutic services]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024:10.1007/s00103-024-03892-8. [PMID: 38806746 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-024-03892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Mental illnesses and behavioral disorders are very common among the working population, affecting up to a third of employees each year, and are associated with great suffering, the risk of chronicity, and the loss of employment. Economically, mental illnesses cause high costs. In order to mitigate these consequences and increase the chances of recovery, rapid diagnosis, early and appropriate treatment where necessary, and-over and above the usual psychotherapy approach-attention to the work-related causes are of crucial importance.Psychotherapeutic Consultation at the Workplace (PT-A) attempts to meet these requirements. It offers psychotherapeutic help at short notice and close to the workplace for employees suffering from mental stress; provides (depending on the problem) counseling, diagnostics, prevention, and short-term or bridging therapy; and supports reintegration after a longer period of mental illness. It is helpful to cooperate closely with the company medical service, which consults the PT‑A, refers employees to it, provides information on the company situation, and can support reintegration if necessary. Funding is often provided by the company but can also be provided by health insurance companies in integrated care models.This article begins by describing the history and principles of PT‑A and the role of work stress in the development of psychological and psychosomatic disorders. The implementation of PT‑A is then outlined using two examples. Finally, the current study "Early Intervention at the Workplace" ("Frühe Intervention am Arbeitsplatz" [friaa]), to which several articles in this special issue refer, is briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Angerer
- Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Centre for Health and Society, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - Harald Gündel
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Kröger
- Abteilung Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Deutschland
| | - Eva Rothermund
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
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Kamaja V, Nordquist H. The recovery processes among paramedics who encountered violence during work-a narrative interview study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2024; 19:17. [PMID: 38750485 PMCID: PMC11097420 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-024-00417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all paramedics encounter workplace violence (WPV) during their careers. The most common form of WPV is verbal, and the perpetrator is usually the patient. It is known that paramedics suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems, and WPV is one of the reasons behind that. Nevertheless, little is known about the recovery processes paramedics have had after encountering WPV. The research question was: What kind of recovery processes have paramedics had after encountering WPV? METHODS A qualitative, narrative interview study was done. Data was collected in individual interviews with Finnish paramedics (n = 18). Paramedics were from different parts of Finland, and their ages varied from 24 to 49 years. They had been working in EMS for an average of 10.5 years (range 1.5 to 25 years). Interviews were conducted with a narrative approach, which enabled paramedics to narrate their experiences and speak on their own terms about the subject to the extent of their choosing. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Ten recovery process themes were identified: Strong psychological and physical reactions in a short time frame, Questioning one's profession and actions, Various support structures aided in recovery, Dysfunctional processes hindered recovery, Personal resources provided support, The support of the workcommunity as a lifeline, Left to cope alone, Permanent changes to work routines, Resulting in professional growth and Eternal crack in the shell. CONCLUSIONS Many internal and external factors affect paramedics' recovery processes. While some receive adequate help, others struggle to get appropriate support, especially from their organization and supervisors. The findings of this study suggest that clear protocols should be established to help paramedics recover after encountering WPV and that an individual aspect should be kept in mind, as not everybody reacts in the same way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Kamaja
- Jokilaakson Terveys Oy, Sairaalantie 11, Jämsä, 42100, Finland
| | - Hilla Nordquist
- Department of Healthcare and Emergency Care, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Pääskysentie 1, Kotka, 48220, Finland.
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Brämberg E, Åhsberg E, Fahlström G, Furberg E, Gornitzki C, Ringborg A, Thoursie PS. Effects of work-directed interventions on return-to-work in people on sick-leave for to common mental disorders-a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02068-w. [PMID: 38710801 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the body of evidence of the effects of work-directed interventions on return-to-work for people on sick leave due to common mental disorders (i.e., mild to moderate depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders and reactions to severe stress). METHODS The systematic review was conducted in accordance with an a priori developed and registered protocol (Prospero CRD42021235586). The certainty of evidence was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. RESULTS We reviewed 14,794 records published between 2015 and 2021. Of these, eight RCTs published in eleven articles were included in the analysis. POPULATION Working age adults (18 to 64 years), on sick leave due to mild to moderate depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders or reactions to severe stress. INTERVENTION Work-directed interventions. COMPARATOR No comparator, Standard care, or other measures. OUTCOME return to work, number of days on sick leave, income. Overall, the effects of work-focused CBT and work-focused team-based support on RTW resulted in increased or faster return-to-work compared with standard care or no intervention (low certainty of evidence). The effects of Individual Placement and Support showed no difference in RTW compared with standard care (very low certainty of evidence). CONCLUSION Interventions involving the workplace could increase the probability of RTW. Areas in need of improvement in the included studies, for example methodological issues, are discussed. Further, suggestions are made for improving methodological rigor when conducting large scale trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Brämberg
- Unit of Intervention- and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Elizabeth Åhsberg
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Fahlström
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Furberg
- Department of Philosophy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Gornitzki
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ringborg
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden
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Pearson A, Carrieri D, Melvin A, Bramwell C, Scott J, Hancock J, Papoutsi C, Pearson M, Wong G, Mattick K. Developing a typology of interventions to support doctors' mental health and wellbeing. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:573. [PMID: 38702774 PMCID: PMC11067176 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The problem of mental ill-health in doctors is complex, accentuated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and impacts on healthcare provision and broader organisational performance. There are many interventions to address the problem but currently no systematic way to categorise them, which makes it hard to describe and compare interventions. As a result, implementation tends to be unfocussed and fall short of the standards developed for implementing complex healthcare interventions. This study aims to develop: 1) a conceptual typology of workplace mental health and wellbeing interventions and 2) a mapping tool to apply the typology within research and practice. METHODS Typology development was based on iterative cycles of analysis of published and in-practice interventions, incorporation of relevant theories and frameworks, and team and stakeholder group discussions. RESULTS The newly developed typology and mapping tool enable interventions to be conceptualised and/or mapped into different categories, for example whether they are designed to be largely preventative (by either improving the workplace or increasing personal resources) or to resolve problems after they have arisen. Interventions may be mapped across more than one category to reflect the nuance and complexity in many mental health and wellbeing interventions. Mapping of interventions indicated that most publications have not clarified their underlying assumptions about what causes outcomes or the theoretical basis for the intervention. CONCLUSION The conceptual typology and mapping tool aims to raise the quality of future research and promote clear thinking about the nature and purpose of interventions, In doing so it aims to support future research and practice in planning interventions to improve the mental health and wellbeing of doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Pearson
- Department of Health & Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Daniele Carrieri
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anna Melvin
- Department of Health & Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Charlotte Bramwell
- Department of Health & Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jessica Scott
- Department of Health & Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Chrysanthi Papoutsi
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Pearson
- Institute of Clinical & Applied Health Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Geoff Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen Mattick
- Department of Health & Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Hallett N, Rees H, Hannah F, Hollowood L, Bradbury-Jones C. Workplace interventions to prevent suicide: A scoping review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301453. [PMID: 38696511 PMCID: PMC11065308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To map organisational interventions for workplace suicide prevention, identifying the effects, mechanisms, moderators, implementation and economic costs, and how interventions are evaluated. BACKGROUND Suicide is a devastating event that can have a profound and lasting impact on the individuals and families affected, with the highest rates found among adults of work age. Employers have a legal and ethical responsibility to provide a safe working environment for their employees, which includes addressing the issue of suicide and promoting mental health and well-being. METHODS A realist perspective was taken, to identify within organisational suicide prevention interventions, what works, for whom and in what circumstances. Published and unpublished studies in six databases were searched. To extract and map data on the interventions the Effect, Mechanism, Moderator, Implementation, Economic (EMMIE) framework was used. Mechanisms were deductively analysed against Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model. RESULTS From 3187 records screened, 46 papers describing 36 interventions within the military, healthcare, the construction industry, emergency services, office workers, veterinary surgeons, the energy sector and higher education. Most mechanisms were aimed at the individual's immediate environment, with the most common being education or training on recognising signs of stress, suicidality or mental illness in oneself. Studies examined the effectiveness of interventions in terms of suicide rates, suicidality or symptoms of mental illness, and changes in perceptions, attitudes or beliefs, with most reporting positive results. Few studies reported economic costs but those that did suggested that the interventions are cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS It seems likely that organisational suicide prevention programmes can have a positive impact on attitudes and beliefs towards suicide as well reducing the risk of suicide. Education, to support individuals to recognise the signs and symptoms of stress, mental ill health and suicidality in both themselves and others, is likely to be an effective starting point for successful interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutmeg Hallett
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Rees
- Health and Allied Professionals, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Hannah
- Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Hollowood
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Sundstrup E, Seeberg KGV, Dyreborg J, Clausen T, Andersen LL. Systematic Review of Workplace Interventions to Support Young Workers' Safety, Work Environment and Health. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024:10.1007/s10926-024-10186-y. [PMID: 38689184 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to support young workers' work environment, safety and health. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in bibliographic databases including PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection and PsycInfo for English or Scandinavian articles published from 2007 to 2022. The PICO strategy guided the assessment of study relevance and the bibliographical search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs in which (1) participants were young workers (mean age: 15-29), (2) interventions were initiated and/or carried out at the workplace, (3) a comparison group was included, and (4) an outcome measure related to work environment, safety and health was reported. We categorized each included study using the intervention classification framework. The quality assessment and evidence synthesis adhered to the guidelines developed by the Institute for Work & Health (Toronto, Canada). RESULTS A total of 33 high and medium quality studies showed a moderate level of evidence for no benefit of 'Mental training' on stress. We found limited evidence of a positive effect of the following intervention types: 'Attitude and belief' on mental health problems, 'Behavior based' on anxiety, and 'Multifaceted' on hand eczema. We found limited evidence for no benefit of the following intervention types: 'Mental training' on mental health problems, and 'Physiological modifications' on musculoskeletal disorders. The remaining intervention types showed mixed or insufficient evidence. CONCLUSIONS Except for a moderate level of evidence for no benefit of 'Mental training' on stress, the evidence synthesis recommends, that there is not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practices. The results emphasizes a strong need for high quality interventions specifically aiming at increasing or maintaining young workers' work environment, safety and health. Included studies focused mainly on individual measures, highlighting the need for studies investigating possible preventive measures at the group or organizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Sundstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Johnny Dyreborg
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
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Adamus C, Richter D, Sutor K, Zürcher SJ, Mötteli S. Preference for Competitive Employment in People with Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Proportions. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024:10.1007/s10926-024-10192-0. [PMID: 38662329 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The inclusion of people with mental disorders (MD) into competitive employment has become an important political and therapeutic goal. The present paper investigates meta-analytically to which extent people with MD who were unemployed or on sick leave due to MD prefer to work in a competitive job environment. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions, we searched Medline, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Google Scholar, and reference lists for peer-reviewed publications from 1990 to Dec 2023, which provided data on the job preferences of people with MD. Two authors independently conducted full-text screening and quality assessments. Pooled proportions of job preferences were calculated with a random-effects meta-analysis of single proportions, and subgroup analyses were performed to examine characteristics associated with job preferences. RESULTS We included 30 studies with a total of 11,029 participants in the meta-analysis. The overall proportion of participants who expressed a preference for competitive employment was 0.61 (95%-CI: 0.53-0.68; I2 = 99%). The subgroup analyses showed different preference proportions between world regions where the studies were conducted (p < 0.01), publication years (p = 0.03), and support settings (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Most people with MD want to work competitively. More efforts should be given to preventive approaches such as support for job retention. Interventions should be initiated at the beginning of the psychiatric treatment when the motivation to work is still high, and barriers are lower. TRAIL REGISTRATION The protocol is published in the Open Science registry at https://osf.io/7dj9r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Adamus
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland.
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), 3098, Köniz, Switzerland.
| | - Dirk Richter
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kim Sutor
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simeon Joel Zürcher
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Mötteli
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Lam LT, Lam MKP. A Web-Based and Mobile Intervention Program Using a Spaced Education Approach for Workplace Mental Health Literacy: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e51791. [PMID: 38654570 PMCID: PMC11063580 DOI: 10.2196/51791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace mental health is an important global health concern. objectives This unblinded, phase-III, wait-listed cluster randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of a mobile health (mHealth) psychoeducation program using a spaced education approach on mental health literacy (MHL) in the workplace. The main interest of this paper was the immediate and 3-month medium-term effect of the program on the MHL of workers. The purposely built mHealth platform was also evaluated as a health-related app. Methods The mHealth platform was designed using the principle of spaced education as a psychoeducation intervention program, with various modules of web-based and mobile materials presented to the participant in a progressive manner. Short quizzes at the end of each module ensured adequate learning, and successful completion qualified the learner to progress to the next level. The trial recruited 456 employees of specific industries with high levels of work-related stress. Participants who were nested in different offices or units were allocated into the intervention and wait-listed control groups using a block randomization process, with the office or unit as the cluster. A separate sample of 70 individual raters were used for the evaluation of the mHealth platform. The Australian National MHL and Stigma Survey and the Mobile Apps Rating Scale were completed through a web-based self-reported survey to assess MHL and evaluate the app. The trial and follow-up data were analyzed by a generalized linear latent and mixed model with adjustments for the clustering effect of work sites and repeated measures. Results Of the 456 participants in the trial, 236 (51.8%) responded to the follow-up survey. Most MHL outcomes obtained significant results immediately after the intervention and across time. After adjusting for the clustering effect, the postintervention weighted mean scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group for correct recognition of a mental health problem, help seeking, and stigmatization by 0.2 (SE 0.1; P=.003), 0.9 (SE 0.2; P<.001), and 1.8 (SE 0.4; P<.001), respectively. After adjusting for the clustering effect, significant differences across time were found in help-seeking intention (P=.01), stigmatization (P<.001), and social distancing (P<.001). The evaluation of the mHealth program resulted in average scores of the 4 major domains ranging from 3.8 to 4.2, with engagement having the lowest score. Conclusions The mHealth psychoeducation intervention program using this platform had immediate and 3-month medium-term effects of retaining and improving MHL. The platform was evaluated to have satisfactory performance in terms of functionality, aesthetics, information content, and utility in enhancing MHL. It is anticipated that ongoing development in digital health will provide great benefits in improving the mental health of the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence T Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary K P Lam
- STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Eva GF, Amo-Setién F, César LC, Concepción SS, Roberto MM, Jesús MM, Carmen OM. Effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at improving the nursing work environment: A systematic review. Int Nurs Rev 2024; 71:148-159. [PMID: 36646079 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nursing work environment can be compromised due to workload, stress and many other issues. A good nursing work environment is needed to for the health and wellbeing of nurses and therefore measures are developed to improve nursing work environment. AIM To determine whether measures designed to improve the work environment for nursing professionals are effective. METHODOLOGY Online research in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, CINHAL, PsycINFO, and American Doctoral Dissertations databases, along with manual search, was carried out. Primary experimental studies made up of intervention and control groups were included, with pre-/post-measure evaluation in the nursing team, based on the effects of the interventions. Risk of bias was calculated using the Cochrane tool. RESULTS A total of 1997 studies were examined; 19 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1427 nurses participated in the selected studies. The fields of application of the interventions were personal and environmental. Out of the fields targeting individuals, three methodologies were identified: cognitive-behavioral techniques, stress management, channeling anxiety and physical well-being; and those aimed at environmental fields: aromatization and organization. The most evaluated characteristic was teamwork, and the most analyzed symptom was stress. Most of the interventions concluded with at least one significant improvement. CONCLUSIONS Interventions aimed at enhancing the work environment are effective ways of increasing job satisfaction. The heterogeneity of the data did not allow us to determine which intervention is the most effective. The combination, type, and duration are variables that affect efficacy. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING AND NURSING POLICY This systematic review provides resources for improving the work environment that affects nursing staff, other professionals, and patients. Encouraging a healthy atmosphere leads to excellence in care and improved safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Amo-Setién
- Faculty of Nursing, Nursing Department, IDIVAL Nursing group, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | | | | | - Martín-Melón Roberto
- Library assistant, Biosciences Library, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Molina-Mula Jesús
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Ortego-Maté Carmen
- Nursing Department, IDIVAL Nursing group, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
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14
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Watanabe K, Hikichi H, Imamura K, Sakuraya A, Yoshikawa T, Izawa S, Eguchi H, Inoue A, Yoshida K, Orihashi Y, Tsutsumi A. Multifaceted ORganizational InterventiONs (M-ORION) project for prevention of depression and anxiety among workers: study protocol for a five-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:601. [PMID: 38402156 PMCID: PMC10894478 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health issues experienced by workers. Although organizational intervention has been extensively evaluated as a primary prevention of depression and anxiety, the corresponding scientific evidence remains limited because of the lack of cluster randomized controlled trials (cRCT) and failure to detect organizational-level effects. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the preventive effects of four types of interventions on depression and anxiety among workers in an open, five-arm, parallel-group cRCT. METHODS Overall, 140 worksites and 18,200 nested employees will be recruited from September 2023. The eligible worksites will be randomly assigned to each of the five arms, and programs will be offered for 6-12 months. The five arms are 1) psychoeducation for workers, 2) psychoeducation for supervisors, 3) work environment improvement, 4) physical activity promotion, and 5) active control. The primary outcomes of interest are depression and anxiety. We will also assess psychosocial factors at work, work engagement, health-related quality of life, well-being, economic outcomes, physiological outcomes of health checkups, cortisol levels extracted from fingernails, and indices representing the process and implementation outcomes, including program completion rates. Follow-up surveys will be conducted at 6, 12, and 18 months from baseline, and the primary endpoint is set at the 6-month follow-up. Repeated-measures multi-level mixed modeling will be used to evaluate the effect of each intervention compared with the control. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Kitasato University Medical Ethics Organization (C22-082). The results and findings of this study will be published in a scientific journal and disseminated to companies that participate in the study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000050949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hikichi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kotaro Imamura
- Department of Digital Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Asuka Sakuraya
- Department of Digital Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders (RECORDs), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, 214-8585, Japan
| | - Shuhei Izawa
- Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, 214-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Eguchi
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-Ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akiomi Inoue
- Institutional Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-Ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kengo Yoshida
- IID Co. Ltd, 4-1-11 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan
| | - Yasushi Orihashi
- Clinical Research Center in Hiroshima, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Akizumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
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15
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Erschens R, Adam SH, Schröpel C, Diebig M, Rieger MA, Gündel H, Zipfel S, Junne F. Improving Well-Being and Fostering Health-Oriented Leadership among Leaders in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:486. [PMID: 38391861 PMCID: PMC10888323 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaders of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are often confronted with specific burdens, which frequently result in increased levels of stress. Leadership behaviour, in turn, has a significant impact on employees' health and performance. Using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) method, we conducted a systematic literature search covering publications from 2002 to 2023 using PubMed, PsycInfo and Business Source Premier on stress-reducing and well-being-improving interventions for SME leaders. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies regarding selection bias, study design, confounders, blinding, data collection, withdrawal and drop-out. Of the 3150 identified publications, 6 were included after screening. The studies varied in content (cognitive behavioural therapy [CBT]-based, psychoeducation, and mixed interventions) and approach (individual- and organisation-centred). Not all of the examined interventions provided significant outcomes. However, CBT-based and individualised approaches showed a positive trend in reducing SME leaders' psychosocial stress and improving their well-being. Despite the limited data, it can be concluded that such interventions are beneficial for leaders and their specific needs. Future research should focus on tailored approaches, derived from well-founded theories and integrative interventions addressing SME leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Erschens
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Helen Adam
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Carla Schröpel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Diebig
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Monika A Rieger
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Florian Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
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16
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Staland-Nyman C, Nurul Basar KM, Hultqvist J, Bertilsson M. The significance of managers' knowledge of common mental disorders on managerial stigma towards employee depression: a cross-sectional study in Sweden. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:378. [PMID: 38317109 PMCID: PMC10840239 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders have increased in the working-age population in many countries but are still often associated with social stigma in workplaces. Managers have a key role in supporting employees with impaired health. Identifying factors that can improve stigmatizing attitudes among managers towards CMD is crucial. The aim of this study was to investigate managers' knowledge of CMD on managerial stigma; more specifically knowledge aquired through training and education and through occupational and personal experience of CMD on low managerial stigma towards employee depression. METHODS Data from a web-based survey conducted in 2017 among 3038 managers in Sweden were used. Managers' attitudes towards employee depression were measured using the Swedish version of the Managerial Stigma towards Employee Depression questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis, with adjustments for work setting and managerial experience, was conducted for associations between sources of knowledge of CMD and low managerial stigma. RESULTS With regard to knowledge acquired through training, medical training on CMD was significantly associated with a higher probability for low managerial stigma towards employee depression after adjustments (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-3.01), whereas no significant associations were found between knowledge acquired through managerial training on CMD or level of formal education and low managerial stigma. With regard to knowledge acquired through professional and personal experience, occupational experience of treating people with CMD was significantly associated with a higher probability for low managerial stigma (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.40-2.94) as was occupational experience of employees with CMD (1 employee: OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.66); >1 employee, OR 1.35 (CI 1.05-1.73). Personal experience of CMD was significantly associated with low managerial stigma (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.60-2.46). CONCLUSIONS Managers' knowledge and understanding of CMD may increase the probability of a low level of managerial stigma towards employees with depression. Managers' professional and/or personal experiences of CMD were important sources of knowledge in relation to a low level of stigmatizing attitudes. Organizations should encourage the use of managers' experience-based knowledge of CMD in addition to training on CMD to reduce managerial stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Staland-Nyman
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Sweden.
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Box 823, S-301 18, Halmstad, Sweden.
| | - Kazi Mohammad Nurul Basar
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hultqvist
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica Bertilsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Sweden
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17
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Kalip K, Burdorf A. Health Status, Type of Contract and Labour Force Participation. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024; 45:107-121. [PMID: 38017294 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health status, type of contract, education and age might affect labour force participation (LFP). We investigated possible factors associated with LFP among European countries. METHODS European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data of 149,798 individuals were used and the odds ratios were calculated in logistic regression analyses. RESULTS LFP rates were higher among those in good health. Self-perceived poor health frequencies were higher in people with temporary contracts than in those with permanent contracts in Bulgaria, Finland, and Hungary, while they were lower in Republic of Serbia. Multivariate analyses revealed that having temporary contract, poor health, oldest age group, and lower educational level were associated with lower probability of being in paid employment in the total study population. Poor health was stronger driver of lower LFP than temporary contracts in Austria, Hungary, Iceland, Netherlands. Temporary contracts were stronger driver of lower LFP than poor health in Greece, Spain, Finland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia and total study population. CONCLUSION Both poor health and temporary contracts were associated with lower LFP. The magnitude of these associations varied among countries. Worker's health status differed by type of contract in Bulgaria, Hungary, Finland and Serbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamer Kalip
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands.
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
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18
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Nilsson T, Svensson M, Falkenström F, Perrin S, Johansson H, Viborg G, Sandell R. Effects of panic-specific cognitive behavioural and psychodynamic psychotherapies on work ability in a doubly randomised clinical trial. Psychother Res 2024; 34:137-149. [PMID: 37127937 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The effects of panic-specific psychotherapy on occupational functioning remain under-researched. This study tests whether two brief psychotherapies for Panic Disorder with or without Agoraphobia (PD/A) may generate improvement in work ability. Methods: Adults (N = 221) with a primary diagnosis of PD/A were randomised to wait-list, panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy (PFPP), panic control treatment (PCT), or to the choice between the two treatments. Participants completed the Work Ability Inventory (WAI) at baseline, post-treatment, and during 24-month follow-ups. Change in WAI scores were assessed using segmented multilevel linear growth models, and mediation was explored through path analysis. Results: WAI scores changed from the moderate to good range between baseline and post-treatment (SMD = 0.45; 95% CI [0.33, 0.57]) and continued to increase throughout the follow-up (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI [0.03, 0.28]) with no differences between treatments or allocation forms. In PFPP (but not in PCT) pre- to post-treatment change in WAI was mediated by reduction in panic symptoms and WAI predicted employment status and absences. Conclusions: Two brief panic specific psychotherapies, one cognitive behavioural and one psychodynamic, produced short and long-term increases in work ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sean Perrin
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Gardar Viborg
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rolf Sandell
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Liu XQ, Wang X. Unlocking the power of physical activity in easing psychological distress. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:1-7. [PMID: 38327886 PMCID: PMC10845227 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The severity of the current global mental health situation and the importance of maintaining psychological well-being call for more powerful, convenient, and efficient solutions for addressing psychological issues and relieving mental stress. Physical activity not only effectively improves physical fitness and reduces negative emotions such as anxiety and depression but also increases the improvement of psychological health and sense of well-being. At the same time, physical activity interventions for mental health have unique advantages, including reducing the side effects of psychological interventions and increasing necessity, convenience, and cost-effectiveness, as well as flexible adaptability across multiple methods, groups, and age ranges, providing stronger support for relieving psychological stress and addressing psychological issues. Although physical activity is an important intervention measure in relieving psychological stress, its value and role in mental health care seem to have not yet received sufficient attention, and its potential remains to be further revealed. Given the significant advantages and effectiveness of physical activity in mental health intervention practices, it is necessary to stimulate its potential in relieving psychological stress through various means in future studies to better safeguard the public's physical and mental health. Developing guidelines for physical activity for improved mental health, enhancing organic integration with other inter-vention measures, and providing necessary respect, encouragement, and support are important directions to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Föhner K, Seipp H, Becker A, Maulbecker-Armstrong C, Schneider A, Seifart U, van der Wardt V. Factors associated with return-to-work outcomes in inpatient rehabilitation - a systematic scoping review. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:191-215. [PMID: 37823613 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2269497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Inpatient rehabilitation is common in Germany to improve return-to-work outcomes. The objective of this systematic scoping review was to identify factors associated with return-to-work outcomes in musculoskeletal, psychological and oncological health conditions to improve tailoring of rehabilitation therapies. A search was completed in Embase, Medline, PsycInfo and AMED until May 2023 for articles investigating inpatient rehabilitation including working-age patients with oncological, musculoskeletal, or psychological diseases using a quantitative design and reporting factors associated with return-to-work outcomes. Screening of all titles and abstracts was completed by one reviewer, full texts were read by two reviewers. Quality appraisal and data extraction was completed by two reviewers. Data was analysed using a narrative synthesis. Eighteen studies of moderate quality were included. The review identified a wide range of return-to-work parameters including employment status, work ability, sickness absence, retirement status and duration of employment since rehabilitation. In addition, 48 psychological, health- and work-related factors associated with return-to-work parameters were identified. Only one RCT investigated the relationship between a depression prevention intervention and a return-to-work outcome (work ability), which showed a significant effect. In addition to the depression prevention intervention, only the factor 'health literacy' could be considered modifiable and be addressed as part of an inpatient rehabilitation programme. Furthermore, gradual work reintegration programs and/or workplace interventions in addition to inpatient rehabilitation should be further explored to improve return-to-work outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Föhner
- Department of General Practice, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - H Seipp
- Department of General Practice, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Department of General Practice, University of Marburg, Germany
| | | | - A Schneider
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Giessen, Germany
| | - U Seifart
- Rehabilitation Clinic Sonnenblick, German Pension Insurance, Marburg, Germany
| | - V van der Wardt
- Department of General Practice, University of Marburg, Germany
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21
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Watanabe K. Promoting Physical Activity Among Workers for Better Mental Health: An mHealth Intervention With Deep Learning. J UOEH 2024; 46:119-122. [PMID: 38479866 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.46.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
There is clear scientific evidence that physical activity helps to prevent depression and anxiety. Utilizing mobile health (mHealth) technologies to enable physical activity is promising, but the evidence of the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on physical activity and mental health is inconsistent. We recently developed a native smartphone app to prevent depression and anxiety by promoting physical activity. One of the app's strengths is that it adopts a deep-learning model and automatically estimates psychological distress from users' physical activity patterns. We conducted a single-arm, 1-month feasibility trial to examine the implementation of the app and its effectiveness in promoting physical activity and improving depression and anxiety. As a result, we did not observe any significant improvement in physical activity or psychological distress. For implementation aspects, the participants used the app less. The conclusion of the presentation is that mHealth interventions are promising for the improvement of physical activity and mental health among workers, but, at this stage, their effectiveness is unclear. There are challenges to be addressed, especially in implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan
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Sarkar S, Menon V, Padhy S, Kathiresan P. Mental health and well-being at the workplace. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:S353-S364. [PMID: 38445278 PMCID: PMC10911318 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_608_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Sarkar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, New Delhi, India E-mail:
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Susanta Padhy
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Preethy Kathiresan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Tsantila F, Coppens E, De Witte H, Arensman E, Aust B, Pashoja AC, Corcoran P, Cully G, De Winter L, Doukani A, Dushaj A, Fanaj N, Griffin E, Hogg B, Holland C, Leduc C, Leduc M, Mathieu S, Maxwell M, Ni Dhalaigh D, O' Brien C, Reich H, Ditta Tóth M, van Weeghel J, Van Audenhove C. Implementing a complex mental health intervention in occupational settings: process evaluation of the MENTUPP pilot study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e077093. [PMID: 38101839 PMCID: PMC10728959 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework, the theorisation of how multilevel, multicomponent interventions work and the understanding of their interaction with their implementation context are necessary to be able to evaluate them beyond their complexity. More research is needed to provide good examples following this approach in order to produce evidence-based information on implementation practices. OBJECTIVES This article reports on the results of the process evaluation of a complex mental health intervention in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) tested through a pilot study. The overarching aim is to contribute to the evidence base related to the recruitment, engagement and implementation strategies of applied mental health interventions in the workplace. METHOD The Mental Health Promotion and Intervention in Occupational Settings (MENTUPP) intervention was pilot tested in 25 SMEs in three work sectors and nine countries. The evaluation strategy of the pilot test relied on a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. The process evaluation was inspired by the RE-AIM framework and the taxonomy of implementation outcomes suggested by Proctor and colleagues and focused on seven dimensions: reach, adoption, implementation, acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility and maintenance. RESULTS Factors facilitating implementation included the variety of the provided materials, the support provided by the research officers (ROs) and the existence of a structured plan for implementation, among others. Main barriers to implementation were the difficulty of talking about mental health, familiarisation with technology, difficulty in fitting the intervention into the daily routine and restrictions caused by COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The results will be used to optimise the MENTUPP intervention and the theoretical framework that we developed to evaluate the causal mechanisms underlying MENTUPP. Conducting this systematic and comprehensive process evaluation contributes to the enhancement of the evidence base related to mental health interventions in the workplace and it can be used as a guide to overcome their contextual complexity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN14582090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Tsantila
- LUCAS, Centre for Care Research and Consultancy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Coppens
- LUCAS, Centre for Care Research and Consultancy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans De Witte
- Research Group Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology (WOPP - O2L), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University - Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
| | - Birgit Aust
- Det Nationale Forskningscenter for Arbejdsmiljø, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Arlinda Cerga Pashoja
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London, UK
| | - Paul Corcoran
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
| | - Grace Cully
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Asmae Doukani
- Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Arilda Dushaj
- Community Center for Health and Wellbeing, Tirana, Albania
| | - Naim Fanaj
- Mental Health Center, PRIZREN, Kosovo, Albania
- Alma Mater Europaea Campus Kolegji Rezonanca, Pristina, Albania
| | - Eve Griffin
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Bridget Hogg
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Caleb Leduc
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Sharna Mathieu
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret Maxwell
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | | | - Hanna Reich
- German Foundation for Research and Education on Depression, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mónika Ditta Tóth
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Chantal Van Audenhove
- LUCAS, Centre for Care Research and Consultancy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Academic Center for General Practice, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Asplund RP, Carvallo F, Christensson H, Videsäter E, Häggman A, Ljótsson B, Carlbring P, Andersson G. Learning how to recover from stress: Results from an internet-based randomized controlled pilot trial. Internet Interv 2023; 34:100681. [PMID: 38023967 PMCID: PMC10643270 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
•One of the first trials examining the efficacy of a brief preventive recovery training program in a sample of distressed employees.•Preliminary results suggest that employees across a wide range of professions could learn to recover, reduce stress, and improve quality-of-life.•This type of accessible and brief recovery intervention might shape the future of workplace stress prevention, however, more research is needed.
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Watanabe K, Okusa S, Sato M, Miura H, Morimoto M, Tsutsumi A. mHealth Intervention to Promote Physical Activity Among Employees Using a Deep Learning Model for Passive Monitoring of Depression and Anxiety: Single-Arm Feasibility Trial. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e51334. [PMID: 37976094 PMCID: PMC10692887 DOI: 10.2196/51334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity effectively prevents depression and anxiety. Although mobile health (mHealth) technologies offer promising results in promoting physical activity and improving mental health, conflicting evidence exists on their effectiveness, and employees face barriers to using mHealth services. To address these problems, we recently developed a smartphone app named ASHARE to prevent depression and anxiety in the working population; it uses a deep learning model for passive monitoring of depression and anxiety from information about physical activity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to preliminarily investigate (1) the effectiveness of the developed app in improving physical activity and reducing depression and anxiety and (2) the app's implementation outcomes (ie, its acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, satisfaction, and potential harm). METHODS We conducted a single-arm interventional study. From March to April 2023, employees aged ≥18 years who were not absent were recruited. The participants were asked to install and use the app for 1 month. The ideal usage of the app was for the participants to take about 5 minutes every day to open the app, check the physical activity patterns and results of an estimated score of psychological distress, and increase their physical activity. Self-reported physical activity (using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, version 2) and psychological distress (using the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale) were measured at baseline and after 1 month. The duration of physical activity was also recorded digitally. Paired t tests (two-tailed) and chi-square tests were performed to evaluate changes in these variables. Implementation Outcome Scales for Digital Mental Health were also measured for acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, satisfaction, and harm. These average scores were assessed by comparing them with those reported in previous studies. RESULTS This study included 24 employees. On average, the app was used for 12.54 days (44.8% of this study's period). After using the app, no significant change was observed in physical activity (-12.59 metabolic equivalent hours per week, P=.31) or psychological distress (-0.43 metabolic equivalent hours per week, P=.93). However, the number of participants with severe psychological distress decreased significantly (P=.01). The digitally recorded duration of physical activity increased during the intervention period (+0.60 minutes per day, P=.08). The scores for acceptability, appropriateness, and satisfaction were lower than those in previous mHealth studies, whereas those for feasibility and harm were better. CONCLUSIONS The ASHARE app was insufficient in promoting physical activity or improving psychological distress. At this stage, the app has many issues that are to be addressed in terms of both implementation and effectiveness. The main reason for this low effectiveness might be the poor evaluation of the implementation outcomes by app users. Improving acceptability, appropriateness, and satisfaction are identified as key issues to be addressed in future implementation. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000050430; https://tinyurl.com/mrx5ntcmrecptno=R000057438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Sato
- Health & Productivity Management Promotion Division, Fujitsu General Limited, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Akizumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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26
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Persson R, Österberg K, Björk J. The concurrent validity of the Lund University Checklist for Incipient Exhaustion and the Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale: a replication study. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:325. [PMID: 37946315 PMCID: PMC10636803 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As part of our research on Swedish school principals, we examined the concurrent validity between the Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale (KEDS) and the Lund University Checklist for Incipient Exhaustion (LUCIE) in a cross-sectional study sample (N = 2670). Specifically, we examined: (a) to what extent LUCIE and KEDS identified the same individuals and their level of agreement, and (b) to what extent the present observations among school-principals agreed with previous observations made in a highly educated and healthy study sample drawn from the general population. RESULTS Depending on established cut-points on LUCIE, the Kappa agreement (K) between LUCIE and KEDS varied between fair (K = 0.34 [95% Confidence Interval = 0.30-0.38]) and moderate (K = 0.54 [95% Confidence Interval = 0.51-0.58]). While the instruments did not always identify the same individuals, the most reasonable comparison between KEDS and LUCIE was achieved when the cut-off on LUCIE was made between step two and step three. The results essentially replicated our previous results observed in a highly educated and healthy study sample drawn from the general population. The level of agreement suggests that KEDS and LUCIE scores are supplementary rather than interchangeable. Thus, individual result from KEDS and LUCIE are probably best understood in dialogue with the person screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Persson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden.
| | - Kai Österberg
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
- Clinical Studies Sweden, Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
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Lundqvist J, Brattmyr M, Lindberg MS, Havnen A, Solem S, Hjemdal O. Examination of the knowledge gap of return-to-work outcomes in routine outpatient treatment for common mental disorders: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1167058. [PMID: 38039327 PMCID: PMC10655137 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1167058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Little is known about the effects of routine mental health care on return-to-work (RTW) outcomes. This systematic review aimed to summarize and evaluate the effects of clinical representative psychotherapy on RTW among patients with a common mental disorder (CMD), treated within public mental health care. Method A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and SveMED+. Primary outcomes were RTW, sick leave status, or self-reported work functioning. Studies limited to specific treatments and/or specific patient groups were excluded. Results Out of 1,422 records, only one article met the preregistered inclusion criteria. After broadening of criteria, a total of nine studies were included. Six were randomized controlled trials (RCT), two were register-based studies, and one was a quasi-experimental study. Descriptions of treatment duration and intensity of usual care were rarely specified but ranged from a few sessions to 3 years of psychotherapy. In the RCTs, two studies favored the intervention, one favored routine care, and three found no difference between conditions. Choice of outcomes differed greatly and included RTW rates (full or partial), number of days until RTW, change in sick leave status, and net days/months of work absence. Time points for outcome assessment also varied greatly from 3 months to 5 years after treatment. Conclusion There is inconclusive evidence to establish to what extent routine mental healthcare is associated with improved RTW outcomes for patients with CMD. There is a need for more and better clinical trials and naturalistic studies detailing the content of routine treatment and its effect on RTW. Systematic review registration This study was pre-registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022304967), https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022304967.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lundqvist
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Brattmyr
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Schevik Lindberg
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Health and Welfare, Trondheim Municipality, Norway
| | - Audun Havnen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Nidaros Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Solem
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Rugulies R, Aust B, Greiner BA, Arensman E, Kawakami N, LaMontagne AD, Madsen IEH. Work-related causes of mental health conditions and interventions for their improvement in workplaces. Lancet 2023; 402:1368-1381. [PMID: 37838442 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems and disorders are common among working people and are costly for the affected individuals, employers, and whole of society. This discussion paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the relationship between work and mental health to inform research, policy, and practice. We synthesise available evidence, examining both the role of working conditions in the development of mental disorders, and what can be done to protect and promote mental health in the workplace. We show that exposure to some working conditions is associated with an increased risk of the onset of depressive disorders, the most studied mental disorders. The causality of the association, however, is still debated. Causal inference should be supported by more research with stronger linkage to theory, better exposure assessment, better understanding of biopsychosocial mechanisms, use of innovative analytical methods, a life-course perspective, and better understanding of the role of context, including the role of societal structures in the development of mental disorders. There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to protect and promote mental health and wellbeing in the workplace; however, there is a disproportionate focus on interventions directed towards individual workers and illnesses, compared with interventions for improving working conditions and enhancing mental health. Moreover, research on work and mental health is mainly done in high-income countries, and often does not address workers in lower socioeconomic positions. Flexible and innovative approaches tailored to local conditions are needed in implementation research on workplace mental health to complement experimental studies. Improvements in translating workplace mental health research to policy and practice, such as through workplace-oriented concrete guidance for interventions, and by national policies and programmes focusing on the people most in need, could capitalise on the growing interest in workplace mental health, possibly yielding important mental health gains in working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Birgit Aust
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Digital Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Junpukai Foundation, Okayama, Japan
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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del Rio-Chanona RM, Hermida-Carrillo A, Sepahpour-Fard M, Sun L, Topinkova R, Nedelkoska L. Mental health concerns precede quits: shifts in the work discourse during the Covid-19 pandemic and great resignation. EPJ DATA SCIENCE 2023; 12:49. [PMID: 37840553 PMCID: PMC10570174 DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
To study the causes of the 2021 Great Resignation, we use text analysis and investigate the changes in work- and quit-related posts between 2018 and 2021 on Reddit. We find that the Reddit discourse evolution resembles the dynamics of the U.S. quit and layoff rates. Furthermore, when the COVID-19 pandemic started, conversations related to working from home, switching jobs, work-related distress, and mental health increased, while discussions on commuting or moving for a job decreased. We distinguish between general work-related and specific quit-related discourse changes using a difference-in-differences method. Our main finding is that mental health and work-related distress topics disproportionally increased among quit-related posts since the onset of the pandemic, likely contributing to the quits of the Great Resignation. Along with better labor market conditions, some relief came beginning-to-mid-2021 when these concerns decreased. Our study underscores the importance of having access to data from online forums, such as Reddit, to study emerging economic phenomena in real time, providing a valuable supplement to traditional labor market surveys and administrative data. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00417-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Maria del Rio-Chanona
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria
- Growth Lab, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | - Melody Sepahpour-Fard
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research Training in Foundations of Data Science, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics (MACSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Luning Sun
- The Psychometrics Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ljubica Nedelkoska
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria
- Growth Lab, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
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Taubman DS, Parikh SV. Understanding and Addressing Mental Health Disorders: a Workplace Imperative. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:455-463. [PMID: 37589777 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article seeks to provide a broad overview of the workplace mental health literature, highlight practical implications of current research, and formulate key recommendations for stakeholders. Various aspects of disability related to mental health disorders, their associated financial costs, and the impact of stigma are covered. This article also discusses key strategies for assessing mental health problems among employees and reviews different types of interventions in the workplace. RECENT FINDINGS Workplace mental health is an evolving area, particularly in the wake of the pandemic. While established national workplace mental health standards do not currently exist, mental illness continues to have a severe impact on the health of organizations, employees, and the economy. Additional research is needed to fully understand and address the diversity of mental health needs among the broad range of employees and organizations across the USA. Employers have a responsibility and an opportunity to create workplaces that support the whole person, not just the employee. While research in the area has increased in the last decade, there is still much to learn in terms of the most effective ways to support our workforce.
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Tsantila F, Coppens E, De Witte H, Arensman E, Amann B, Cerga-Pashoja A, Corcoran P, Creswell-Smith J, Cully G, Toth MD, Greiner B, Griffin E, Hegerl U, Holland C, Leduc C, Leduc M, Ni Dhalaigh D, O'Brien C, Paterson C, Purebl G, Reich H, Ross V, Rugulies R, Sanches S, Thompson K, Van Audenhove C. Outcome assessment of a complex mental health intervention in the workplace. Results from the MENTUPP pilot study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:1149-1165. [PMID: 37452149 PMCID: PMC10504212 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multicomponent interventions are recommendable to achieve the greatest mental health benefits, but are difficult to evaluate due to their complexity. Defining long-term outcomes, arising from a Theory of Change (ToC) and testing them in a pilot phase, is a useful approach to plan a comprehensive and meaningful evaluation later on. This article reports on the pilot results of an outcome evaluation of a complex mental health intervention and examines whether appropriate evaluation measures and indicators have been selected ahead of a clustered randomised control trial (cRCT). METHODS The MENTUPP pilot is an evidence-based intervention for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) active in three work sectors and nine countries. Based on our ToC, we selected the MENTUPP long-term outcomes, which are reported in this article, are measured with seven validated scales assessing mental wellbeing, burnout, depression, anxiety, stigma towards depression and anxiety, absenteeism and presenteeism. The pilot MENTUPP intervention assessment took place at baseline and at 6 months follow-up. RESULTS In total, 25 SMEs were recruited in the MENTUPP pilot and 346 participants completed the validated scales at baseline and 96 at follow-up. Three long-term outcomes significantly improved at follow-up (p < 0.05): mental wellbeing, symptoms of anxiety, and personal stigmatising attitudes towards depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The results of this outcome evaluation suggest that MENTUPP has the potential to strengthen employees' wellbeing and decrease anxiety symptoms and stigmatising attitudes. Additionally, this study demonstrates the utility of conducting pilot workplace interventions to assess whether appropriate measures and indicators have been selected. Based on the results, the intervention and the evaluation strategy have been optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Tsantila
- Centre for Care Research and Consultancy, LUCAS, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Evelien Coppens
- Centre for Care Research and Consultancy, LUCAS, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Hans De Witte
- Research Group Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology (WOPP-O2L), KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Optentia Research Unit, Vaal Campus, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benedikt Amann
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Mental Health Institute Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fab, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arlinda Cerga-Pashoja
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul Corcoran
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Grace Cully
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Monika Ditta Toth
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Birgit Greiner
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eve Griffin
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- European Alliance against Depression e.V., Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Carolyn Holland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caleb Leduc
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mallorie Leduc
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Cliodhna O'Brien
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Charlotte Paterson
- University of Stirling, Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professionals Research Unit, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hanna Reich
- German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
- Depression Research Centre of the German Depression Foundation, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Victoria Ross
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarita Sanches
- Phrenos Center of Expertise for Severe mental illness, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chantal Van Audenhove
- Centre for Care Research and Consultancy, LUCAS, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Academic Center for General Practice, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
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Beno A, Bertilsson M, Holmgren K, Glise K, Pousette A, Segerfelt K, Björk L. Does employer involvement in primary health care enhance return to work for patients with stress-related mental disorders? a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2023; 24:195. [PMID: 37730561 PMCID: PMC10512560 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-related disorders have become a major challenge for society and are associated with rising levels of sick leave. The provision of support to facilitate the return to work (RTW) for this patient group is of great importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a new systematic procedure with collaboration between general practitioners (GPs), rehabilitation coordinators (RCs) and employers could reduce sick leave days for this patient group. METHOD Employed patients with stress-related diagnoses seeking care at primary health care centres (PHCCs) were included in either the intervention group (n = 54), following the systematic intervention procedure, or the control group (n = 58), receiving treatment as usual (TAU). The intervention included a) a training day for participant GPs and RCs, b) a standardised procedure for GPs and RCs to follow after training, c) the opportunity to receive clinical advice from specialist physicians in the research group. Outcome measures for RTW were sick leave days. RESULTS The median number of registered gross sick leave days was lower for the control group at six, 12 and 24 months after inclusion, but the difference was not statistically significant. The control group had significantly fewer net sick leave days at three months (p = 0.03) at six months (p = 0.00) and at 12-months follow-up (p = 0.01). At 24 months, this difference was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS The PRIMA intervention, which applied a standardized procedure for employer involvement in the rehabilitation process for patients with stress-related disorders, actually increased time to RTW compared to TAU. However, at 24 months, the benefit of TAU could no longer be confirmed. The study was registered on 16/01/2017 (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03022760).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Beno
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22B, SE-413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Monica Bertilsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Holmgren
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Glise
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22B, SE-413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Pousette
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Segerfelt
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22B, SE-413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Björk
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22B, SE-413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Department of Work Science and Sociology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Corbière M, Charette-Dussault É, Larivière N. Recognition During the Return-to-Work Process in Workers with Common Mental Disorders. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:486-505. [PMID: 36462069 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Considering worker's perspective, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to document the meaning of the experience of recognition in the return to work (RTW) process of work after a sick leave due to a common mental disorder (CMD) and (2) to investigate the phenomenon of recognition for workers in the process of RTW after a sick leave due to a CMD, by evaluating the presence or absence of marks of recognition from salient RTW stakeholders stemming from different systems. Methods The Relational Caring Inquiry phenomenological method was used to explore the meaning of recognition during the return-to-work process and marks of recognition in a group of 20 workers who returned to their employment after a sick leave due to a CMD. In depth individual interviews were conducted with each participant. Results The definition of recognition that emerged from workers experiencing the RTW process is related to the behaviours and attitudes of various stakeholders, stemming from the work, health, insurance and social systems that allow them to feel appreciated, valued and respected, throughout the RTW process. Recognition was most often described as showing support, trust, respect for recovery and pace, and providing positive feedback. Conclusion The findings from this study could serve as guidelines in organizations regarding the RTW process, and in particular clarifying the roles and actions that different stakeholders could take in the workplace to stimulate expressions of meaningful recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Corbière
- Department of Education and Pedagogy - Career Counseling, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Research Center of the Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Élyse Charette-Dussault
- Research Center of the Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Larivière
- Research Center of the Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Petrie K, Spittal M, Zeritis S, Phillips M, Deady M, Forbes D, Bryant R, Shand F, Harvey SB. Suicide among emergency service workers: a retrospective mortality study of national coronial data, 2001-2017. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5470-5477. [PMID: 36073166 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency service workers (ESW) are known to be at increased risk of mental disorders but population-level and longitudinal data regarding their risk of suicide are lacking. METHOD Suicide data for 2001-2017 were extracted from the Australian National Coronial Information Service (NCIS) for two occupational groups: ESW (ambulance personnel, fire-fighters and emergency workers, police officers) and individuals employed in all other occupations. Age-standardised suicide rates were calculated and risk of suicide compared using negative binomial regression modelling. RESULTS 13 800 suicide cases were identified among employed adults (20-69 years) over the study period. The age-standardised suicide rate across all ESW was 14.3 per 100 000 (95% CI 11.0-17.7) compared to 9.8 per 100 000 (95% CI 9.6-9.9) for other occupations. Significant occupational differences in the method of suicide were identified (p < 0.001). There was no evidence for increased risk of suicide among ESW compared to other occupations once age, gender and year of death were accounted for (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.84-1.17; p = 0.95). In contrast, there was a trend for ambulance personnel to be at elevated risk of suicide (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.00-2.00, p = 0.053). CONCLUSION Whilst age-standardised suicide rates among ESW are higher than other occupations, emergency service work was not independently associated with an increased risk of suicide, with the exception of an observed trend in ambulance personnel. Despite an increased focus on ESW mental health and wellbeing over the last two decades, there was no evidence that rates of suicide among ESW are changing over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Petrie
- Black Dog Institute, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Matthew Spittal
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Zeritis
- Black Dog Institute, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Matthew Phillips
- Black Dog Institute, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Mark Deady
- Black Dog Institute, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - David Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Fiona Shand
- Black Dog Institute, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
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Strudwick J, Gayed A, Deady M, Haffar S, Mobbs S, Malik A, Akhtar A, Braund T, Bryant RA, Harvey SB. Workplace mental health screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:469-484. [PMID: 37321849 PMCID: PMC10423530 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Workplaces are an important location for population mental health interventions. Screening to detect employees at risk of or experiencing mental ill health is increasingly common. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the efficacy of workplace mental health screening programmes on employee mental health, work outcomes, user satisfaction, positive mental health, quality of life, help-seeking and adverse effects. PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Global Index Medicus, Global Health and SciELO were searched (database inception-10 November 2022) and results screened by two independent reviewers. Controlled trials evaluating screening of workers' mental health as related to their employment were included. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled effect sizes for each outcome of interest. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation was conducted to evaluate the certainty of findings. Of the 12 328 records screened, 11 were included. These reported 8 independent trials collectively assessing 2940 employees. Results indicated screening followed by advice or referral was ineffective in improving employee mental health symptoms (n=3; d=-0.07 (95% CI -0.29 to 0.15)). Screening followed by facilitated access to treatment interventions demonstrated a small improvement in mental health (n=4; d=-0.22 (95% CI -0.42 to -0.02)). Limited effects were observed for other outcomes. Certainty ranged from low to very low. The evidence supporting workplace mental health screening programmes is limited and available data suggest mental health screening alone does not improve worker mental health. Substantial variation in the implementation of screening was observed. Further research disentangling the independent effect of screening alongside the efficacy of other interventions to prevent mental ill health at work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Strudwick
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aimee Gayed
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Deady
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Haffar
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophia Mobbs
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aiysha Malik
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Aemal Akhtar
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taylor Braund
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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Buselli R, Corsi M, Veltri A, Marino R, Caldi F, Del Guerra P, Guglielmi G, Tanca C, Paoli M, Calabretta VM, Perretta S, Foddis R, Carrozzino MA. Comparison between Standard Expository Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E) and Immersive Virtual Reality CBT (CBT-VR) for Rehabilitation of Patients Affected by Occupational Stress Disorders: Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095735. [PMID: 37174252 PMCID: PMC10178175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Work-related stress presents a significant impact on work performance and physical health. It has been associated with the onset of a multitude of symptoms that can lead to occupational stress diseases, namely Adjustment Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The literature has evidenced that "exposure therapy" of cognitive-behavioral training (CBT-E) seems to be the most effective technique to manage stress symptoms, including work stress diseases, and several studies have considered Virtual Reality (VR) as an adjuvant tool to exposure-based psychotherapy (CBT-VR) for the treatment of multiple psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT with exposure to stressful work scenarios in imaginative (CBT-E) and in immersive virtual reality (CBT-VR) scenarios in a group of workers affected by work-related stress disorders and compare the clinical and physiological outcomes between the two exposure techniques. A long-term goal would be to develop an evidence-based rehabilitation program as a treatment for the reintegration into work of patients affected by these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Buselli
- Occupational Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Work-Related Stress and Occupational Mental Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Corsi
- Occupational Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Work-Related Stress and Occupational Mental Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonello Veltri
- Occupational Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Work-Related Stress and Occupational Mental Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marino
- Occupational Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Work-Related Stress and Occupational Mental Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caldi
- Occupational Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Del Guerra
- Department of Public Health, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 50053 Empoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guglielmi
- Occupational Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Tanca
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Communication, Information and Perception Technologies TECIP, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Paoli
- Department of Public Health, Sovrintendenza Sanitaria Regionale Inail Toscana, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Salvio Perretta
- Occupational Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rudy Foddis
- Occupational Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Cisanello, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Antonio Carrozzino
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Communication, Information and Perception Technologies TECIP, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Reynolds GS, Bennett JB. The Role of Wellness Climate in Small Business Health Promotion and Employee Wellbeing. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2023:1-36. [PMID: 37359456 PMCID: PMC10131546 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-023-00148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Wellness involves physical, emotional, behavioral, social, and spiritual dimensions. A climate for wellness exists at both the psychological and organizational levels, consisting of individual and shared perceptions of policies, structures, and managerial behavior that support or promote employee wellbeing. This study explored the associations between psychological and organizational wellness climate and the effectiveness of a team health promotion training on employees' perceived physical and mental wellbeing and substance use. Employees from 45 small businesses completed self-report measures of wellness climate, wellbeing, positive unwinding behavior, work-family conflict, job stress, drug use, and alcohol use, assessed before, and one and six months after, attending either of two types of onsite health promotion training. Team Awareness training targeted improvements in the social climate at work. Healthy Choices training targeted individual health behavior. A control group did not receive training until after the study. Businesses were randomly assigned to conditions and data were analyzed using multi-level modeling. Models that included wellness climate as a mediator fit the data significantly better than models without climate as a mediator. Team Awareness participants showed greater improvements in wellness climate and wellbeing compared to the control group. Healthy Choices participants showed no changes in climate and no mediation effects of climate. Health promotion efforts may be enhanced by including wellness climate as a target in program design at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Shawn Reynolds
- Organizational Wellness & Learning Systems, 2221 Justin Rd. #119485, Flower Mound, TX 75028 USA
| | - Joel B. Bennett
- Organizational Wellness & Learning Systems, 2221 Justin Rd. #119485, Flower Mound, TX 75028 USA
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Hogg B, Moreno-Alcázar A, Tóth MD, Serbanescu I, Aust B, Leduc C, Paterson C, Tsantilla F, Abdulla K, Cerga-Pashoja A, Cresswell-Smith J, Fanaj N, Meksi A, Ni Dhalaigh D, Reich H, Ross V, Sanches S, Thomson K, Van Audenhove C, Pérez V, Arensman E, Purebl G, Amann BL. Supporting employees with mental illness and reducing mental illness-related stigma in the workplace: an expert survey. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:739-753. [PMID: 35867155 PMCID: PMC9305029 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An expert survey was designed to support the development of a workplace-based multi-country intervention tackling depression, anxiety, and mental illness-related stigma in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Academic experts and representatives of SME organisations, specific sector organisations, labour or advocacy groups, and occupational health organisations, were contacted across eight European countries and Australia. The survey comprised closed and open text questions to assess expert opinion about interventions for employees with mental health difficulties, interventions supporting their managers, and anti-stigma interventions. The survey was available in six languages. The online platform Qualtrics was used for data collection. Quantitative data was analysed through descriptive statistics and qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis. Sixty-five of 146 experts responded, representing a 42% response rate. Results showed only 26.2% of experts agreed that employees could speak openly about mental health issues, and 81.5% of experts indicated a large or medium unmet need for support for employees with mental health issues. Psychoeducational materials, face-to-face workshops and interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapy were ranked most likely to be taken up by employees. Experts rated as most useful for managers' guidelines on how to act if an employee has mental health issues (67.7%). The greatest number of experts indicated workshops of people with lived experience of mental illness (80.0%) and awareness campaigns (78.5%) were most required to tackle stigma. Responses were consistent between experts from different countries and areas of expertise. Experts in this multinational survey assessed that interventions supporting mental health in the workplace and tackling stigma are greatly needed. A multicomponent intervention with a wide range of materials and tools is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Hogg
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Programme, Dept. of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno-Alcázar
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónika Ditta Tóth
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis Egyetem Magatartástudományi Intézet, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilinca Serbanescu
- Faculty of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Aust
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caleb Leduc
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
| | - Charlotte Paterson
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professionals Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Fotini Tsantilla
- LUCAS, Center for Care Research and Consultancy, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Kahar Abdulla
- European Alliance Against Depression E.V, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arlinda Cerga-Pashoja
- Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
- Global Public Health, Public Health England, Greenwich, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Hanna Reich
- Depression Research Centre of the German Depression Foundation, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Victoria Ross
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sarita Sanches
- Phrenos Center of Expertise for Severe Mental Illness, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Katherine Thomson
- International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chantal Van Audenhove
- LUCAS, Center for Care Research and Consultancy, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Victor Pérez
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gyorgy Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis Egyetem Magatartástudományi Intézet, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Benedikt L Amann
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Mental Health Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, Munich, Germany
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Faller YN, Peynenburg V, Tessier E, Thiessen D, Hadjistavropoulos HD. Efficacy of an Online Workplace Mental Health Accommodations Psychoeducational Course: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5317. [PMID: 37047933 PMCID: PMC10094551 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Workplace accommodations can improve work functioning for employees with mental health concerns, yet few employees receive accommodations. The current study examined the benefits of providing education on workplace accommodations. In total, 89 participants with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety were randomized to an online psychoeducation course or wait-list control (WLC). The course provided education on symptoms, accommodations, tips for requesting accommodations and making disclosures, and coping strategies. Primary outcomes included the impact of the course on requesting and receiving accommodations, accommodation knowledge, self-stigma, and workplace relationships at 8 weeks post-randomization. Additional analyses examined the impact of the course on symptoms, absenteeism, presenteeism, and self-efficacy and whether supervisory leadership and organizational inclusivity impact disclosure and accommodation use. Participants in the course reported improvements in accommodation knowledge, self-efficacy, and presenteeism compared to the WLC. Both groups reported reduced self-stigma and increased disclosures over time. Specifically, partial disclosures were associated with supportive organizations and supervisors. No group differences were found on accommodation use, symptoms, workplace relationships, or comfort with disclosure. Few participants made accommodation requests, therefore a statistical analysis on requesting or receiving accommodations was not performed. Overall, providing psychoeducation has the potential to assist individuals with depression and anxiety who may require workplace accommodations, but further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Nichole Faller
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (V.P.); (E.T.); (H.D.H.)
| | - Vanessa Peynenburg
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (V.P.); (E.T.); (H.D.H.)
| | - Eric Tessier
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (V.P.); (E.T.); (H.D.H.)
| | - David Thiessen
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada;
| | - Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (V.P.); (E.T.); (H.D.H.)
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Bjørkedal ST, Fisker J, Hellström LC, Hoff A, Poulsen RM, Hjorthøj C, Bojesen AB, Rosenberg NG, Eplov LF. Predictors of return to work for people on sick leave with depression, anxiety and stress: secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:715-734. [PMID: 36934162 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowledge about predictors of return to work (RTW) in people on sick leave with common mental disorders (CMDs) may inform the development of effective vocational rehabilitation interventions for this target group. In this study, we investigated predictors of RTW at 6 and 12 months in people on sick leave with depression, anxiety disorders or stress-related disorders. METHODS We have performed a secondary analysis, utilizing data from two RCTs that evaluated the efficacy of an integrated health care and vocational rehabilitation intervention. Data were obtained from mental health assessments, questionnaires and registers. Using Cox regression analysis, the relationship between baseline variables and RTW was analysed at 6 and 12 months after randomization within the group of CMD as a whole and within the subgroups of depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders. RESULTS Symptom burden and employment status at baseline predicted RTW in the CMD group (n = 1245) and in the three diagnostic subgroups at both time points. RTW self-efficacy predicted RTW in the depression group but not in the anxiety or stress subgroups. CONCLUSION Many predictors of RTW were similar over time and, to some extent, across the CMD subgroups. Findings highlight the need not only to take health-related and psychological factors into account when developing vocational rehabilitation interventions but also to consider workplace strategies and options for support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv-Therese Bjørkedal
- Copenhagen Research Institute for Mental Health [CORE], Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15.4, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Fisker
- Copenhagen Research Institute for Mental Health [CORE], Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15.4, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lone Christina Hellström
- Copenhagen Research Institute for Mental Health [CORE], Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15.4, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Andreas Hoff
- Copenhagen Research Institute for Mental Health [CORE], Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15.4, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Rie Mandrup Poulsen
- Copenhagen Research Institute for Mental Health [CORE], Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15.4, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.,National Board of Social Services in Denmark, Edisonsvej 1, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Institute for Mental Health [CORE], Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15.4, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Anders Bo Bojesen
- Copenhagen Research Institute for Mental Health [CORE], Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15.4, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Nicole Gremaud Rosenberg
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Falgaard Eplov
- Copenhagen Research Institute for Mental Health [CORE], Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15.4, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
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Kim J, Shin C, Han KM, Lee MS, Jeong HG, Pae CU, Patkar AA, Masand PM, Han C. Investigating the effectiveness of a smart mental health intervention (inMind) for stress reduction during pharmacological treatment for mild to moderate major depressive disorders: Study protocol for a randomized control trial. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1034246. [PMID: 36998625 PMCID: PMC10043187 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1034246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although psychological interventions for stress relief, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), have been developed, they have not been widely used in treating depression. The use of mobile devices can increase the possibility of actual use by integrating interventions and reducing the difficulty and cost burden of treatment application. This study aims to determine whether "inMind," an integrated mobile application for stress reduction, developed for the general population, decreases stress for patients with mild to moderate major depressive disorder during the pharmacological treatment period. Methods This study is a single-blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled crossover trial. The App, developed in Republic of Korea, provides integrated interventions for stress reduction for the general population through three modules based on mindfulness-based stress reduction, cognitive behavior therapy, and relaxation sounds that are known to be effective in stress reduction ("meditation," "cognitive approach," and "relaxation sounds," respectively). Participants (n = 215) recruited via medical practitioner referral will be randomized to an App first group (fAPP) or a wait list crossover group (dAPP). The study will be conducted over 8 weeks; the fAPP group will use the App for the first 4 weeks and the dAPP group for the next 4 weeks. During all study periods, participants will receive their usual pharmacological treatment. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 is the primary outcome measure. The analysis will employ repeated measurements using a mixed-model approach. Discussion The App can potentially be an important addition to depression treatment because of its applicability and the comprehensive nature of the interventions that covers diverse stress-relieving models. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05312203, identifier 2021GR0585.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ghang Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwin A Patkar
- Department of Advance Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Stratton E, Player MJ, Glozier N. Online mental health training program for male-dominated organisations: a pre-post pilot study assessing feasibility, usability, and preliminary effectiveness. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:641-649. [PMID: 36800032 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The emergence of digital health interventions for mental ill-health in the workplace is expansive. Digital interventions delivered in male-dominated settings are less so. This pilot study aimed to assess the usability, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of an online intervention in a male-dominated organization. We focus on male-dominated as mental ill-health is frequently unrecognized and underdiagnosed among males. METHODS Unwind, a 7-week internet-based program with stress-management components, was tested in a pre-post pilot study. Unwind gets users to identify and understand their stress triggers and assists them to develop adaptive ways to manage these and their stress. Participants were Australian adults employed in a mining company. Follow-up assessment occurred 8 weeks after baseline. The primary outcome measure was change in stress symptoms, with secondary outcomes; change in depression, anxiety, insomnia, well-being, and alcohol use. User feedback and program data were analyzed to assess usability, engagement, and intervention adherence. RESULTS Eligible participants n = 87 showed significant reductions in stress (g = 0.46, p < 0.001), depression (g = 0.47, p < 0.001), anxiety (g = 0.50, p < 0.001), insomnia (g = 0.44, p < 0.001), and well-being (g = 0.32, p = 0.004) post-intervention. Significant improvements were observed in both well and unwell (mental ill-health) and male and female participants. There was no gender effect on outcomes. A dose-response was observed as the number of modules used was related positively to improvement in anxiety (F1,86 = 5.735, p = 0.019; R2 = 0.25). Overall users rated Unwind as useful and engaging. CONCLUSION This study presents evidence base that Unwind is a feasible and acceptable approach to reducing employees' mental health-related symptoms in typically difficult-to-reach male-dominated industries. Unwind is feasible for larger scale delivery within male-dominated industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Stratton
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Office 8, Lvl 5, Professor Marie Bashir Building, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, University of Sydney, Office 8, Lvl 5, Professor Marie Bashir Building, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Michael J Player
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Office 8, Lvl 5, Professor Marie Bashir Building, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nick Glozier
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Office 8, Lvl 5, Professor Marie Bashir Building, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, University of Sydney, Office 8, Lvl 5, Professor Marie Bashir Building, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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43
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Fragala MS, Tong CH, Hunter JL, Jelovic NA, Hayward JI, Carr S, Kim PM, Peters ME, Birse CE. Facilitating Mental Health Treatment Through Proactive Screening and Concierge Services in the Workplace. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:160-166. [PMID: 36190912 PMCID: PMC9897277 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine if a proactive employer-sponsored mental health program closed gaps in detection and treatment of mental health conditions. METHODS Of n = 56,442 eligible, n = 8170 (14.5%) participated in the optional screening. Participants with mental health risk were offered care concierge services including support, care planning, and connection to care. Difference in behavioral health care utilization, diagnoses, and prescriptions were evaluated postintervention through claims analysis. RESULTS Compared with controls (n = 2433), those receiving concierge services (n = 369) were more likely to fill mental health prescriptions (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 1.2; 1.0-1.5; P = 0.042), use professional mental health services (adjusted HR, 1.4; 1.1-1.8; P = 0.02), and use new mental health services (adjusted HR, 1.9; 1.2-2.8; P = 0.004) in the following 6 months. CONCLUSIONS This proactive mental health program with care concierge services identified risk, connected individuals to mental health care, and facilitated mental health treatment, among program participants.
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Mavragani A, Svedberg P, Lexén A, Tjörnstrand C, Strid C, Bejerholm U. Co-design Process of a Digital Return-to-Work Solution for People With Common Mental Disorders: Stakeholder Perception Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e39422. [PMID: 36652285 PMCID: PMC9892984 DOI: 10.2196/39422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Service users and other stakeholders have had few opportunities to influence the design of their mental health and return-to-work services. Likewise, digital solutions often fail to align with stakeholders' needs and preferences, negatively impacting their utility. mWorks is a co-design initiative to create a digital return-to-work solution for persons with common mental disorders that is acceptable and engaging for those receiving and delivering the intervention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe stakeholder perceptions and the involvement of a design process during the prototype development of mWorks. METHODS A co-design approach was used during the iterative development of mWorks. Overall, 86 stakeholders were recruited using a combination of purposeful and convenience sampling. Five stakeholder groups represented service users with experience of sick leave and common mental disorders (n=25), return-to-work professionals (n=19), employers (n=1), digital design and system developers (n=4), and members of the public (n=37). Multiple data sources were gathered using 7 iterations, from March 2018 to November 2020. The rich material was organized and analyzed using content analysis to generate themes and categories that represented this study's findings. RESULTS The themes revealed the importance of mWorks in empowering service users with a personal digital support solution that engages them back in work. The categories highlighted that mWorks needs to be a self-management tool that enables service users to self-manage as a supplement to traditional return-to-work services. It was also important that content features helped to reshape a positive self-narrative, with a focus on service users' strengths and resources to break the downward spiral of ill health during sick leave. Additional crucial features included helping service users mobilize their own strategies to cope with thoughts and feelings and formulate goals and a plan for their work return. Once testing of the alpha and beta prototypes began, user engagement became the main focus for greater usability. It is critical to facilitate the comprehension and purpose of mWorks, offer clear guidance, and enhance motivational and goal-setting strategies. CONCLUSIONS Stakeholders' experience-based knowledge asserted that mWorks needs to empower service users by providing them with a personal support tool. To enhance return-to-work prospects, users must be engaged in a meaningful manner while focusing on their strengths and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Svedberg
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Annika Lexén
- Department of Health Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zhang Y, Liu N, Li Y, Long Y, Baumgartner J, Adamkiewicz G, Bhalla K, Rodriguez J, Gemmell E. Neighborhood infrastructure-related risk factors and non-communicable diseases: a systematic meta-review. Environ Health 2023; 22:2. [PMID: 36604680 PMCID: PMC9814186 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With rapid urbanization, the urban environment, especially the neighborhood environment, has received increasing global attention. However, a comprehensive overview of the association between neighborhood risk factors and human health remains unclear due to the large number of neighborhood risk factor-human health outcome pairs. METHOD On the basis of a whole year of panel discussions, we first obtained a list of 5 neighborhood domains, containing 33 uniformly defined neighborhood risk factors. We only focused on neighborhood infrastructure-related risk factors with the potential for spatial interventions through urban design tools. Subsequently, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic meta-review of 17 infrastructure-related risk factors of the 33 neighborhood risk factors (e.g., green and blue spaces, proximity to major roads, and proximity to landfills) was conducted using four databases, Web of Science, PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane Library, from January 2000 to May 2021, and corresponding evidence for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was synthesized. The review quality was assessed according to the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) standard. RESULTS Thirty-three moderate-and high-quality reviews were included in the analysis. Thirteen major NCD outcomes were found to be associated with neighborhood infrastructure-related risk factors. Green and blue spaces or walkability had protective effects on human health. In contrast, proximity to major roads, industry, and landfills posed serious threats to human health. Inconsistent results were obtained for four neighborhood risk factors: facilities for physical and leisure activities, accessibility to infrastructure providing unhealthy food, proximity to industry, and proximity to major roads. CONCLUSIONS This meta-review presents a comprehensive overview of the effects of neighborhood infrastructure-related risk factors on NCDs. Findings on the risk factors with strong evidence can help improve healthy city guidelines and promote urban sustainability. In addition, the unknown or uncertain association between many neighborhood risk factors and certain types of NCDs requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningrui Liu
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Long
- School of Architecture and Hang Lung Center for Real Estate, Key Laboratory of Eco Planning & Green Building, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, No. 1 Qinghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jill Baumgartner
- Institute for Health and Social Policy & Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gary Adamkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kavi Bhalla
- Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Emily Gemmell
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Yang Toh SH, Lee SC, Kosasih FR, Lim JW, Sündermann O. Preliminary effectiveness of an evidence-based mobile application to promote resilience among working adults in Singapore and Hong Kong: Intensive longitudinal study. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231178616. [PMID: 37274370 PMCID: PMC10236254 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231178616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based mobile health (mHealth) applications on smartphones are a cost-effective way for employees to take proactive steps to improve well-being and performance. However, little is known about what sustains engagement on these applications and whether they could dynamically improve occupational outcomes such as resilience and mood. Using real-world data, this intensive longitudinal study examines (a) which employees would continually engage with a cognitive behavioural therapy-informed mHealth application ('Intellect'); and (b) if daily engagement of 'Intellect' would relate to better occupational outcomes on the following day. A total of 515 working adults in Singapore and Hong Kong (Mage = 32.4, SDage = 8.17) completed daily in-app items on mood and resilience components (i.e. sleep hours, sleep quality, physical activity, and stress levels). Our results revealed that employees with lower baseline resilience (β = -0.048, odds ratio (OR) = 0.953, p < 0.01), specifically poorer sleep quality (β = -0.212, OR = 0.809, p = 0.001) and/or higher stress levels (β = -0.255, OR = 0.775, p = 0.05), were more likely to resume engagement on the application. Among the 150 active users (i.e. ≥3 consecutive days of engagement) (Mage = 32.2, SDage = 8.17), daily engagement predicted higher resilience (β = 0.122; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.039-0.206), specifically lower stress levels (β = 0.018; 95% CI 0.004-0.032), higher physical activity (β = 0.079; 95% CI 0.032-0.126), and mood levels (β = 0.020; 95% CI 0.012-0.029) on the following day even after controlling for same-day outcomes. Our preliminary findings suggest that engaging with a mHealth application was associated with higher dynamic resilience and emotional well-being in employees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sze Chi Lee
- Research Department, Intellect Pte Ltd,
Singapore
| | | | - Jia W. Lim
- Department of Psychology, National University of
Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oliver Sündermann
- Research Department, Intellect Pte Ltd,
Singapore
- Department of Psychology, National University of
Singapore, Singapore
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Bailey K, Scheutzow J, Cooke E, Taylor K, Silvestrin F, Naumenko A, Hadley R, Huxley A, Ponzo S. Employees' support strategies for mental wellbeing during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for employers in the UK workforce. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285275. [PMID: 37146016 PMCID: PMC10162522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, and beyond for many businesses, employees have had to adapt to new ways of working due to disruptions in traditional practices. It is therefore crucial to understand the new challenges that employees are facing when it comes to taking care of their mental wellbeing at work. To that end, we distributed a survey to full-time UK employees (N = 451) to explore how supported they felt throughout the pandemic, and to identify whether there are any additional types of support they would like to receive. We also compared employees' intentions to seek help before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic, and assessed their current attitudes toward mental health. Based on direct employee feedback, our results show remote workers felt more supported throughout the pandemic compared to hybrid workers. We also found that employees who had previously experienced an episode of anxiety or depression were significantly more likely to want extra support at work compared to those who had not. Furthermore, employees were significantly more likely to seek help for their mental health during the pandemic compared to before. Interestingly, the largest increase in intentions to seek help during the pandemic compared to before was with digital health solutions. Finally, we found that the strategies managers have adopted to better support their employees, an employee's mental health history, and their attitude to mental health all contributed to significantly increasing the likelihood that an employee would disclose a mental health concern to their line manager. We provide recommendations that encourage organisations to make changes to better support their employees, and we highlight the importance of mental health awareness training for both managers and employees. This work is of particular interest to organisations who are looking to tailor their current employee wellbeing offer to a post-pandemic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Bailey
- Thrive Therapeutic Software, Warwickshire, England
- University of East Anglia, School of Psychology, Norwich, England
| | | | - Emily Cooke
- Thrive Therapeutic Software, Warwickshire, England
| | - Katie Taylor
- University College London, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, London, England
| | - Francesco Silvestrin
- Thrive Therapeutic Software, Warwickshire, England
- University of East Anglia, School of Psychology, Norwich, England
| | | | - Rebecca Hadley
- University of Hertfordshire, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Hertfordshire, England
| | - Adam Huxley
- Thrive Therapeutic Software, Warwickshire, England
| | - Sonia Ponzo
- Thrive Therapeutic Software, Warwickshire, England
- University College London, Institute of Health Informatics, London, England
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Andersen MF, Svendsen PA, Nielsen K, Brinkmann S, Rugulies R, Madsen IEH. Influence at work is a key factor for mental health – but what do contemporary employees in knowledge and relational work mean by “influence at work”? Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2054513. [PMID: 35354419 PMCID: PMC8979504 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2054513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Common mental health problems are a substantial burden in many western countries. Studies have pointed out that work related factors can both increase and decrease the risk of developing mental health problems. Influence at work is a key factor relating the psychosocial work environment to employees mental health. However, little is known regarding how contemporary employees experience and understand influence at work. The purpose of this study is to explore this in depth. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 59 employees in knowledge and relational work and analysed the data using principles from Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings TWe identified three themes each consisting of two interrelated parts, where the second part describes the consequences of the identified type of influence for employees: 1) work tasks and performance, 2) relations and belonging, 3) identity and becoming. Conclusions The interviewed employees had a multifaceted understanding of influence at work and that influence at work mattered to them in different but important ways. Our hope is that managers, employees and consultants will be inspired by the three themes when designing work tasks, organizations and interventions in order to increase the level of influence and thereby help enhance the mental well-being of employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Friis Andersen
- Department of Psychosocial Work Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Aske Svendsen
- Department of Psychosocial Work Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Nielsen
- Department of Management School, Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Svend Brinkmann
- Department of Communication and Psychology, University of Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Department of Psychosocial Work Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hoshino A, Shirato A, Kutsuna I, Uemura JI, Chishima M. Gender differences in psychosocial factors related to severe stress in a construction company in Japan. Work 2022; 74:1497-1506. [PMID: 36565083 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, women's participation in the workforce has been increasing. However, there are few studies about gender differences in stress factors in the workplace. OBJECTIVES We aimed to clarify gender differences in psychosocial factors in the workplace related to severe stress. METHODS In total, 930 male and 339 female employees working in a construction company in Japan participated in this study. We used individual responses to the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) conducted by their company for the most recent year between 2016 and 2019. Data were categorized by gender, and we extracted the factors contributing to severe stress using logistic regression. RESULTS We identified 142 men and 32 women who had severe stress. Logistic regression analysis showed that six factors ("Qualitative job overload", "Job control", "Interpersonal conflict", "Poor physical environment", "Supervisor's support", and "Job satisfaction and life satisfaction") were significantly associated with the presence of severe stress in men. In women, five factors ("Qualitative job overload", "Job control", "Interpersonal conflict", "Suitable work", and "Job satisfaction and life satisfaction") showed a significant association with severe stress. CONCLUSION Factors associated with severe stress were "Poor physical environment" and "Supervisor's support" in men, and "Suitable work" in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Hoshino
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Sciences, Prevention & Rehabilitation Sciences Course, Division of Integrated Care Sciences Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aki Shirato
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Sciences, Prevention & Rehabilitation Sciences Course, Division of Integrated Care Sciences Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kutsuna
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Sciences, Prevention & Rehabilitation Sciences Course, Division of Integrated Care Sciences Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Uemura
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Sciences, Prevention & Rehabilitation Sciences Course, Division of Integrated Care Sciences Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Chishima
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Sciences, Prevention & Rehabilitation Sciences Course, Division of Integrated Care Sciences Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Watanabe K, Tsutsumi A. The Passive Monitoring of Depression and Anxiety Among Workers Using Digital Biomarkers Based on Their Physical Activity and Working Conditions: 2-Week Longitudinal Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e40339. [DOI: 10.2196/40339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Digital data on physical activity are useful for self-monitoring and preventing depression and anxiety. Although previous studies have reported machine or deep learning models that use physical activity for passive monitoring of depression and anxiety, there are no models for workers. The working population has different physical activity patterns from other populations, which is based on commuting, holiday patterns, physical demands, occupations, and industries. These working conditions are useful in optimizing the model used in predicting depression and anxiety. Further, recurrent neural networks increase predictive accuracy by using previous inputs on physical activity, depression, and anxiety.
Objective
This study evaluated the performance of a deep learning model optimized for predicting depression and anxiety in workers. Psychological distress was considered a depression and anxiety indicator.
Methods
A 2-week longitudinal study was conducted with workers in urban areas in Japan. Absent workers were excluded. In a daily survey, psychological distress was measured using a self-reported questionnaire. As features, activity time by intensity was determined using the Google Fit application. Additionally, we measured age, gender, occupations, employment status, work shift types, working hours, and whether the response date was a working or nonworking day. A deep learning model, using long short-term memory, was developed and validated to predict psychological distress the next day, using features of the previous day. Further, a 5-fold cross-validation method was used to evaluate the performance of the aforementioned model. As the primary indicator of performance, classification accuracy for the severity of the psychological distress (light, subthreshold, and severe) was considered.
Results
A total of 1661 days of supervised data were obtained from 236 workers, who were aged between 20 and 69 years. The overall classification accuracy for psychological distress was 76.3% (SD 0.04%). The classification accuracy for severe-, subthreshold-, and light-level psychological distress was 51.1% (SD 0.05%), 60.6% (SD 0.05%), and 81.6% (SD 0.04%), respectively. The model predicted a light-level psychological distress the next day after the participants had been involved in 3 peaks of activity (in the morning, noon, and evening) on the previous day. Lower activity levels were predicted as subthreshold- and severe-level psychological distress. Different predictive results were observed on the basis of occupations and whether the previous day was a working or nonworking day.
Conclusions
The developed deep learning model showed a similar performance as in previous studies and, in particular, high accuracy for light-level psychological distress. Working conditions and long short-term memory were useful in maintaining the model performance for monitoring depression and anxiety, using digitally recorded physical activity in workers. The developed model can be implemented in mobile apps and may further be practically used by workers to self-monitor and maintain their mental health state.
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