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Kuzeubayeva A, Ussenbayev A, Aydin A, Akanova Z, Rychshanova R, Abdullina E, Seitkamzina D, Sakharia L, Ruzmatov S. Contamination of Kazakhstan cheeses originating from Escherichia coli and its resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Vet World 2024; 17:361-370. [PMID: 38595660 PMCID: PMC11000467 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.361-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Escherichia coli, a commensal intestine bacterium of vertebrates, is widely distributed in the environment and indicates the microbiological quality of food products in relation to coliforms. In addition, virulent strains, particularly E. coli O157:H7, cause outbreaks of toxic infections caused by consuming dairy products. Because food safety studies regarding E. coli have not been conducted in Central Asia, this research aimed to study the characteristics of contamination, microbiological and genotypic properties, and resistance to antimicrobial agents of E. coli strains that contaminate various types of commercialized cheeses originating from Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods In retail outlets, 207 samples of three types of cheese produced by 22 industrial and eight small enterprises in the central, eastern, southern, and northern regions of Kazakhstan were selected in 2020-2023. E. coli contamination was examined using standard microbiological, mass spectrometric, and molecular genetic methods. The discodiffuse European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing method was used to test the resistance of the identified E. coli isolates (65/207; 31.4%) to 20 antibacterial drugs. The Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (VT1 and VT2) and E. coli O157:H7 (eae) genes were investigated in all E. coli isolates using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results An average of 31.4% samples of commercial Kazakhstani cheeses of various types were found to be contaminated with E. coli in almost all geographical regions of Kazakhstan, regardless of the productivity of the dairy enterprises. Soft cheeses produced by small farms (80% of samples) packaged at the retail site (100%) were the most contaminated with E. coli. The microbiological index (colony-forming unit/g) was unsatisfactory and unsuitable in 6.2% of such cheese samples. For the first time in Central Asia, the enteropathogenic strain E. coli O157:H7 was detected in 0.5% of cheese samples. E. coli isolates from cheese samples were resistant to 65% of antibacterial drugs and contained resistance genes to β-lactams, sulfonamides, and quinolones groups. At the same time, 25% of the E. coli isolates were multi-resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. Conclusion The high level of contamination caused by multi-antibiotic resistant E. coli strains, including pathogenic pathogens, poses a risk to public health and highlights the need for further research on the monitoring and control of coliform enteropathogens in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anar Kuzeubayeva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Technology, Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Altay Ussenbayev
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Technology, Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ali Aydin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, 34320, Turkey
| | - Zhannara Akanova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Technology, Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Raushan Rychshanova
- Scientific Innovation Center, Research Institute of Applied Biotechnology, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay, 110000, Kazakhstan
| | - Elmira Abdullina
- Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Shakarim University of Semey, Semey, 071412, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Seitkamzina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Technology, Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Laura Sakharia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Technology, Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Saidulla Ruzmatov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Technology, Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
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Persad AK, Rajashekara G, LeJeune JT. Shiga toxin (stx) encoding genes in sheep and goats reared in Trinidad and Tobago. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277564. [PMID: 36378686 PMCID: PMC9665368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is estimated to cause over two million cases of human disease annually. Trinidad and Tobago is one of the largest livestock producer and consumer of sheep and goat meat in the Caribbean, however, the potential role of these animals in the epidemiology of STEC infections has not been previously described. To fill this critical gap in knowledge, the prevalence of Shiga toxin genes (stx1 and stx2) shed in the faeces of healthy sheep (n = 204) and goats (n = 105) in Trinidad was investigated. Based on PCR screening, goats had a higher stx prevalence than sheep (46% vs 35%, P = 0.06). Most of the recovered STEC isolates were positive for stx1 only; and only three isolates were positive for the eae gene. None of the recovered isolates belonged to the O157 serogroup. In both species, the prevalence of stx was higher in young animals versus older animals. Sheep reared on deep litter flooring (43%) had a higher prevalence than sheep reared other flooring types, however this was not the same for goats. The presence of cows on the same premise was not an associated predictor for STEC carriage in sheep or goats. This study demonstrates that although sheep and goats in Trinidad are reservoirs for stx-positive E. coli isolates, no fecal samples tested positive for O157 STEC, harbored. Furthermore, it appears that non-O157 stx-positive isolates harbored by these animals do not pose a significant threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Persad
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United State of America
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Jeffrey T. LeJeune
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United State of America
- * E-mail:
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3
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Bernardo YAA, do Rosario DKA, Mutz YS, Castro VS, Conte‐Junior CA. Optimizing
Escherichia coli
O157
:
H7
inactivation in goat's milk by thermosonication. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yago A. A. Bernardo
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho Niterói Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Denes K. A. do Rosario
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Department of Food Engineering, Center for Agrarian Sciences and Engineering Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema Alegre Brazil
| | - Yhan S. Mutz
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Vinícius S. Castro
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Conte‐Junior
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho Niterói Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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4
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Bagel A, Delignette-Muller ML, Lopez C, Michel V, Sergentet D, Douellou T. Strain- and serotype-dependent affinity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli for bovine milk fat globules. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8688-8704. [PMID: 36175225 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are widely detected in raw milk products intended for human consumption. Although STEC are a worldwide public health problem, the pathogenicity of STEC in cheese remains unclear. In fact, bacterial association with compounds in raw milk cheeses could reduce their pathogenicity. A previous study showed the association of 2 STEC strains with raw milk cream in a natural creaming assay. Different concentrations of each strain were required to saturate the cream. In this study, we hypothesized that all STEC strains could be associated with milk fat globules (MFG) in raw milk and that the bacterial load required for saturation of the cream is serotype dependent. We evaluated the affinity of STEC strains belonging to the O157:H7, O26:H11, and O103:H2 serotypes for bovine raw milk cream and analyzed saturation of the cream layer by natural creaming assay. We used 12 STEC strains and 3 strains belonging to another pathotype to assess the effects of serotypes on this phenomenon. We performed sucrose density gradient centrifugation assays with 2 STEC model strains to confirm the results obtained by natural creaming. The localization of STEC within MFG-enriched creams was observed by confocal and electron microscopy. We recovered approximately 10 times more STEC from the cream layer after natural creaming than from raw bovine milk. The concentration of STEC required to saturate the cream layer (the saturation concentration) was estimated for each strain by nonlinear regression, highlighting a strain and serotype effect. Moreover, the concentration of STEC in the cream was milk fat level dependent. However, even in nonsaturating conditions, a high level of STEC was still present in the aqueous phase, after fat separation. Thus, natural creaming should not be used as the sole preventive measure to remove STEC from naturally contaminated raw milk. The results of our study suggest that cream saturation is a complex mechanism, most likely involving specific interactions between STEC and raw MFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bagel
- Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment Research Group, Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, National Center of Scientific Research, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - M-L Delignette-Muller
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, National Center of Scientific Research, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Lopez
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - V Michel
- Actalia, 74800 La Roche-sur-Foron, France
| | - D Sergentet
- Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment Research Group, Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, National Center of Scientific Research, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France; VetAgro Sup-Campus Vétérinaire, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes-French National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (NRL-STEC), Université de Lyon, 69280, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
| | - T Douellou
- Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment Research Group, Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, National Center of Scientific Research, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France
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Occurrence, Serotypes and Virulence Characteristics of Shiga-Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Goats on Communal Rangeland in South Africa. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050353. [PMID: 35622599 PMCID: PMC9147823 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli is a foodborne pathogen commonly associated with human disease characterized by mild or bloody diarrhea hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. This study investigated the occurrence of STEC in fecal samples of 289 goats in South Africa using microbiological culture and PCR. Furthermore, 628 goat STEC isolates were characterized by serotype (O:H) and major virulence factors by PCR. STEC was found in 80.2% (232/289) of goat fecal samples. Serotyping of 628 STEC isolates revealed 63 distinct serotypes including four of the major top seven STEC serogroups which were detected in 12.1% (35/289) of goats: O157:H7, 2.7% (8/289); O157:H8, 0.3%, (1/289); O157:H29, 0.3% (1/289); O103:H8, 7.6% (22/289); O103:H56, 0.3% (1/289); O26:H2, 0.3% (1/289); O111:H8, 0.3% (1/289) and 59 non-O157 STEC serotypes. Twenty-four of the sixty-three serotypes were previously associated with human disease. Virulence genes were distributed as follows: stx1, 60.6% (381/628); stx2, 72.7% (457/628); eaeA, 22.1% (139/628) and hlyA, 78.0% (490/628). Both stx1 and stx2 were found in 33.4% (210/628) of isolates. In conclusion, goats in South Africa are a reservoir and potential source of diverse STEC serotypes that are potentially virulent for humans. Further molecular characterization will be needed to fully assess the virulence potential of goat STEC isolates and their capacity to cause disease in humans.
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The Use of Ozone as an Eco-Friendly Strategy against Microbial Biofilm in Dairy Manufacturing Plants: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010162. [PMID: 35056612 PMCID: PMC8781958 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing spoilage and pathogenic bacteria contaminations represents a major challenge for the food industry, especially for the dairy sector. Biofilms formed by these microorganisms in food processing environment continue to pose concerns to food manufacturers as they may impact both the safety and quality of processed foods. Bacteria inside biofilm can survive in harsh environmental conditions and represent a source of repeated food contamination in dairy manufacturing plants. Among the novel approaches proposed to control biofilm in food processing plants, the ozone treatment, in aqueous or gaseous form, may represent one of the most promising techniques due to its antimicrobial action and low environmental impact. The antimicrobial effectiveness of ozone has been well documented on a wide variety of microorganisms in planktonic forms, whereas little data on the efficacy of ozone treatment against microbial biofilms are available. In addition, ozone is recognized as an eco-friendly technology since it does not leave harmful residuals in food products or on contact surfaces. Thus, this review intends to present an overview of the current state of knowledge on the possible use of ozone as an antimicrobial agent against the most common spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, usually organized in biofilm, in dairy manufacturing plants.
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7
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Role of the Nitric Oxide Reductase NorVW in the Survival and Virulence of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli during Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090683. [PMID: 32825770 PMCID: PMC7558590 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are bacterial pathogens responsible for life-threatening diseases in humans, such as hemolytic and uremic syndrome. It has been previously demonstrated that the interplay between EHEC and nitric oxide (NO), a mediator of the host immune innate response, is critical for infection outcome, since NO affects both Shiga toxin (Stx) production and adhesion to enterocytes. In this study, we investigated the role of the NO reductase NorVW in the virulence and fitness of two EHEC strains in a murine model of infection. We determined that the deletion of norVW in the strain O91:H21 B2F1 has no impact on its virulence, whereas it reduces the ability of the strain O157:H7 620 to persist in the mouse gut and to produce Stx. We also revealed that the fitness defect of strain 620 ΔnorVW is strongly attenuated when mice are treated with an NO synthase inhibitor. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the NO reductase NorVW participates in EHEC resistance against NO produced by the host and promotes virulence through the modulation of Stx synthesis. The contribution of NorVW in the EHEC infectious process is, however, strain-dependent and suggests that the EHEC response to nitrosative stress is complex and multifactorial.
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8
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Nunes Silva B, Cadavez V, Teixeira JA, Gonzales-Barron U. Effects of Essential Oils on Escherichia coli Inactivation in Cheese as Described by Meta-Regression Modelling. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060716. [PMID: 32498276 PMCID: PMC7353537 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing intention to replace chemical food preservatives with plant-based antimicrobials that pose lower risks to human health has produced numerous studies describing the bactericidal properties of biopreservatives such as essential oils (EOs) in a variety of products, including cheese. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis of literature data that could summarize the inactivation of Escherichia coli in cheese achieved by added EOs; and compare its inhibitory effectiveness by application method, antimicrobial concentration, and specific antimicrobials. After a systematic review, 362 observations on log reduction data and study characteristics were extracted from 16 studies. The meta-regression model suggested that pathogenic E. coli is more resistant to EO action than the non-pathogenic type (p < 0.0001), although in both cases the higher the EO dose, the greater the mean log reduction achieved (p < 0.0001). It also showed that, among the factual application methods, EOs' incorporation in films render a steadier inactivation (p < 0.0001) than when directly applied to milk or smeared on cheese surface. Lemon balm, sage, shallot, and anise EOs showed the best inhibitory outcomes against the pathogen. The model also revealed the inadequacy of inoculating antimicrobials in cheese purposely grated for performing challenge studies, as this non-realistic application overestimates (p < 0.0001) the inhibitory effects of EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Nunes Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (B.N.S.); (V.C.)
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710–057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Vasco Cadavez
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (B.N.S.); (V.C.)
| | - José António Teixeira
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710–057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Ursula Gonzales-Barron
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (B.N.S.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-12-7330-3325
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Fusco V, Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Logrieco AF, Cho G, Kabisch J, Böhnlein C, Franz CMAP. Microbial quality and safety of milk and milk products in the 21st century. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2013-2049. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Gyu‐Sung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Kabisch
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | - Christina Böhnlein
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
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Outbreak of Salmonella Newport associated with internationally distributed raw goats' milk cheese, France, 2018. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e180. [PMID: 32364094 PMCID: PMC7482037 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Raw milk cheeses are commonly consumed in France and are also a common source of foodborne outbreaks (FBOs). Both an FBO surveillance system and a laboratory-based surveillance system aim to detect Salmonella outbreaks. In early August 2018, five familial FBOs due to Salmonella spp. were reported to a regional health authority. Investigation identified common exposure to a raw goats' milk cheese, from which Salmonella spp. were also isolated, leading to an international product recall. Three weeks later, on 22 August, a national increase in Salmonella Newport ST118 was detected through laboratory surveillance. Concomitantly isolates from the earlier familial clusters were confirmed as S. Newport ST118. Interviews with a selection of the laboratory-identified cases revealed exposure to the same cheese, including exposure to batches not included in the previous recall, leading to an expansion of the recall. The outbreak affected 153 cases, including six cases in Scotland. S. Newport was detected in the cheese and in the milk of one of the producer's goats. The difference in the two alerts generated by this outbreak highlight the timeliness of the FBO system and the precision of the laboratory-based surveillance system. It is also a reminder of the risks associated with raw milk cheeses.
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11
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Jones CM, Price RE, Breidt F. Escherichia coli O157:H7 Stationary-Phase Acid Resistance and Assessment of Survival in a Model Vegetable Fermentation System. J Food Prot 2020; 83:745-753. [PMID: 31869251 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC) acid resistance may aid the pathogen's ability to cross the human gastric barrier, which makes it an organism of concern in acidic foods. Our objective was to determine how STEC acid resistance may correlate with survival during vegetable fermentations. Seven E. coli O157:H7 strains were screened to assess acid resistance in simulated stomach acid at pH 2. The strains were separated into two groups that differed in acid resistance (P < 0.05), with three being acid sensitive and four acid resistant. The growth rates of these strains were measured in a Luria broth at pH values from 4.2 to 6.8. Two strains having similar growth kinetics, B201 (acid sensitive) and B241 (acid resistant), were selected for further analysis. B201 was found to be missing (compared with B241) two glutamic acid decarboxylase regulatory genes required for acid resistance, gadE and gadX. These strains were challenged in lactic acid (100 mM) solutions, including cucumber juice (CJ) media at pH 3.3. As expected, B201 was more acid sensitive than B241, and a filtered fermented CJ was more inhibitory than similarly acidified CJ. In competitive growth studies with Lactobacillus plantarum LA445 in CJ, B201 or B241 grew from approximately 104 to 108 CFU/mL within 24 h, but the STEC strains were below the limit of detection by 48 h. In all fermentations, L. plantarum reached 108 CFU/mL by 48 h. However, in three of four independent fermentation experiments, strain B201 survived longer than B241. This was possibly due to buffering in B241-LA445 fermentation brines that had increased lactic acid for a given pH compared with B201-LA445. These data indicate that stationary-phase acid resistance may not accurately predict STEC survival during vegetable fermentations. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara M Jones
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and
| | - Robert E Price
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, SEA, Food Science Research Unit, 322 Schaub Hall, Box 7624, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624, USA
| | - Fred Breidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, SEA, Food Science Research Unit, 322 Schaub Hall, Box 7624, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624, USA.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5298-2216 [F.B.])
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12
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Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of Graviera Agraphon cheese during refrigerated storage. J DAIRY RES 2019; 86:483-489. [PMID: 31722753 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029919000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine the effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the physicochemical and microbiological changes of Graviera Agraphon cheese during refrigerated storage. Blocks of Graviera Agraphon cheese weighing around 200 g were packaged under natural (control) or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions (50% N2 - 50% CO2) and stored at 4 °C or 10 °C for up to 85 d. Prior to packaging, groups of cheese blocks were inoculated with one each of the following foodborne pathogens at around 104 log cfu/g: Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Staphylococcus aureus, whilst further groups of cheese blocks were not inoculated. The protein, fat, moisture and salt contents as well as the pH of control and MAP cheese samples did not change significantly (P > 0.05) throughout 4 °C storage, while the pH values of control and MAP cheese samples were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced at 10 °C storage. At 10 °C storage, yeasts and molds, psychrotrophs and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the normal atmosphere than the MAP cheese samples after the 4th, 8th and 4th days, respectively. At 4 °C storage, the yeasts and molds or psychrotrophs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of control after the 6th and 15th days, respectively at 4 °C storage. All foodborne pathogens showed a higher decrease (P < 0.05) at 10 °C than 4 °C storage. S. aureus proved more sensitive in inactivation in the MAP conditions than atmospheric conditions. L. monocytogenes and S. aureus presented a higher decrease than that of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium. In conclusion, MAP proved efficient in retarding the growth of yeasts, molds, psychrotrophs and E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, S. Typhimurium and S. aureus in Graviera Agraphon cheese during refrigerated storage at 4 and 10 °C.
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Longitudinal Shedding Patterns and Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant E. coli in Pastured Goats using a Cohort Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8030136. [PMID: 31480769 PMCID: PMC6783881 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a scarcity of information on antibiotic resistance in goats. To understand shedding of resistant Escherichia coli in pastured goats, we collected fecal samples from a mixed age cohort over a one-year period. No antibiotic had been used on the study animals one year prior to and during the study period. Resistant isolates were detected in all age groups and prevalence in goat kids was significantly higher than adults; 43–48% vs. 8–25% respectively. The proportion of resistant isolates was higher when animals were congregated near handling facility than on pasture. Most isolates were resistant to tetracycline (51%) and streptomycin (30%), but also to antibiotics that had never been used on the farm; ampicillin (19%). TetB, bla-TEM, (aadA and strpA/strpB) genes were detected in 70%, 43%, (44% and 24%) of tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin resistant isolates respectively. Resistant isolates also harbored virulent genes and some belonged to D and B2 phylogenetic groups. Thus, pastured goats, despite minimal exposure to antibiotics, are reservoirs of resistant E. coli that may contaminate the environment and food chain and spread resistant genes to pathogenic bacteria and some that are potential animal and human pathogens. Environmental sources may play a role in acquisition of resistant bacteria in pastured goats.
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14
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Currie A, Galanis E, Chacon PA, Murray R, Wilcott L, Kirkby P, Honish L, Franklin K, Farber J, Parker R, Shyng S, Sharma D, Tschetter L, Hoang L, Chui L, Pacagnella A, Wong J, Pritchard J, Kerr A, Taylor M, Mah V, Flint J. Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Linked to Aged Raw Milk Gouda Cheese, Canada, 2013. J Food Prot 2018; 81:325-331. [PMID: 29369688 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Between 12 July and 29 September 2013, 29 individuals in five Canadian provinces became ill following infection with the same strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as defined by molecular typing results. Five case patients were hospitalized, and one died. Twenty-six case patients (90%) reported eating Gouda cheese originating from a dairy plant in British Columbia. All of the 22 case patients with sufficient product details available reported consuming Gouda cheese made with raw milk; this cheese had been produced between March and July 2013 and was aged for a minimum of 60 days. The outbreak strain was isolated from the implicated Gouda cheese, including one core sample obtained from an intact cheese wheel 83 days after production. The findings indicate that raw milk was the primary source of the E. coli O157:H7, which persisted through production and the minimum 60-day aging period. This outbreak is the third caused by E. coli O157:H7 traced to Gouda cheese made with raw milk in North America. These findings provide further evidence that a 60-day ripening period cannot ensure die-off of pathogens that might be present in raw milk Gouda cheese after production and have triggered an evaluation of processing conditions, physicochemical parameters, and options to mitigate the risk of E. coli O157:H7 infection associated with raw milk Gouda cheese produced in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Currie
- 1 Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 8J1
| | - Eleni Galanis
- 2 Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Services
| | - Pedro A Chacon
- 3 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Regan Murray
- 1 Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 8J1
| | | | - Paul Kirkby
- 3 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Lance Honish
- 5 Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 2Y2
| | - Kristyn Franklin
- 1 Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 8J1
| | - Jeff Farber
- 6 Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9.,7 University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Rob Parker
- 8 Interior Health Authority, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada V1Y 0C5
| | | | - Davendra Sharma
- 3 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Lorelee Tschetter
- 9 National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3R2
| | - Linda Hoang
- 10 British Columbia Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4R4
| | - Linda Chui
- 11 Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T2N 4W4.,12 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R7
| | - Ana Pacagnella
- 10 British Columbia Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4R4
| | - Julie Wong
- 10 British Columbia Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4R4
| | - Jane Pritchard
- 13 Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada V3G 2M3; and
| | - Ashley Kerr
- 1 Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 8J1
| | - Marsha Taylor
- 2 Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Services
| | - Victor Mah
- 14 Alberta Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 1S6
| | - James Flint
- 1 Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 8J1
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15
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Presence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157 on the hide, and presence of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157 and Campylobacter in feces from small-ruminant (goat and lamb) samples collected in the United States, Bahamas and Mexico. Meat Sci 2018; 135:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Kerangart S, Cournoyer B, Loukiadis E. C-source metabolic profilings of foodborne Shiga-toxin producing E. coli match serogroup differentiations and highlight functional adaptations. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 266:324-336. [PMID: 29217302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The tropism of pathogenic STEC for foodstuffs and cattle reservoir is related to functional specializations. An investigation of C-source utilization patterns among and between STEC serogroups was performed using omnilog phenotypic microarrays (OM). OM functional groupings were compared with STEC phylogroups, seropathotypes, EFSA's molecular risk assessment groups and serogroups. OM INT reduction activities of 37 STEC strains growing on 190 C-substrates were compared. Each strain had its own specific C-utilization profile but 23% of the substrates was used by all strains, 47% by none, and 30% was variably metabolized. Galactose, mannose, N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc), and N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) found in the mucus layer of the bovine small intestine were metabolized by all strains. The 56 most informative substrates divided the C-utilization patterns (CP) into three clusters with: (A) harboring all O157 and O145 strains; (B) all O26 strains, and (C) strains of the other serogroups. Significant correlations between INT reduction values of pair of strains per CP group supported these differentiations. CP of group A and B strains were respectively defective in the use of galactonic acid-γ-lactone and rhamnose. Most CP group C strains grew with l-lyxose. Adjusted Wallace coefficients analyses of the datasets indicated high probabilities for the prediction of the use of glycolic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, l-lyxose and d-galactonic acid-γ-lactone and 5-keto-d-gluconic acid by a serogroup. The use of a C-substrate could be predicted from the classification of a strain into a phylogroup or seropathotype. Significantly lower numbers of C-substrates were used by seropathotype A strains like O157 ones. Improvements of STEC identification keys were proposed using the most discriminant C-substrates found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Kerangart
- University of Lyon, Research group on "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, University Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Benoit Cournoyer
- University of Lyon, Research group on "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, University Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
| | - Estelle Loukiadis
- University of Lyon, Research group on "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, University Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France; University of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, LMAP, National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (including VTEC), Marcy L'Etoile, France
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17
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Douëllou T, Delannoy S, Ganet S, Fach P, Loukiadis E, Montel MC, Sergentet-Thevenot D. Molecular characterization of O157:H7, O26:H11 and O103:H2 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from dairy products. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 253:59-65. [PMID: 28499121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are recognized worldwide as environment and foodborne pathogens which can be transmitted by ingestion of ready-to-eat food such as raw milk-derived products. STEC show a prevalence rate in dairy products of 0.9%, yet comparably few outbreaks have been related to dairy products consumption. In this study, we used rt-qPCR to identify the virulence potential of O157, O26 and O103 STEC strains isolated from raw-milk dairy products by analyzing virulence-related gene frequencies and associations with O-island (OI) 44, OI-48, OI-50, OI-57, OI-71 and OI-122. Results showed that 100% of STEC strains investigated harbored genes associated with EHEC-related virulence profile patterns (eae and stx, with either espK, espV, ureD and/or Z2098). We also found similarities in virulence-related gene content between O157:H7 and O103:H2 dairy and non-dairy STEC strains, especially isolates from human cases. The O26:H11-serotype STEC strains investigated harbor the arcA-allele 2 gene associated with specific genetic markers. These profiles are associated with high-virulence seropathotype-A STEC. However, the low frequency of stx2 gene associated with absence of other virulence genes in dairy isolates of O26:H11 remains a promising avenue of investigation to estimate their real pathogenicity. All O26:H11 attaching-effacing E. coli (AEEC) strains carried CRISPRO26:H11SP_O26_E but not genetic markers espK, espV, ureD and/or Z2098 associated with the emerging potentially high-virulence "new French clone". These strains are potentially as "EHEC-like" strains because they may acquire (or have lost) stx gene. In this study, O157:H7, O103:H2 and O26:H11 STEC strains isolated from dairy products were assigned as potential pathogens. However, research now needs to investigate the impact of dairy product environment and dairy processing on the expression of their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Douëllou
- Institute National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherches Fromagères, 15000 Aurillac, France; Université de Lyon, Research Group "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - S Delannoy
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Plateforme IdentyPath, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - S Ganet
- Université de Lyon, Research Group "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes-French National Reference laboratory for Escherichia coli including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (NRL-STEC), 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - P Fach
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Plateforme IdentyPath, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - E Loukiadis
- Université de Lyon, Research Group "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes-French National Reference laboratory for Escherichia coli including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (NRL-STEC), 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - M-C Montel
- Institute National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherches Fromagères, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - D Sergentet-Thevenot
- Université de Lyon, Research Group "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes-French National Reference laboratory for Escherichia coli including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (NRL-STEC), 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
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18
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Mondani L, Delannoy S, Mathey R, Piat F, Mercey T, Slimani S, Fach P, Livache T, Roupioz Y. Fast detection of both O157 and non-O157 shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli by real-time optical immunoassay. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:39-46. [PMID: 26432989 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Among bacterial pathogens involved in food-illnesses, seven serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and O157) of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), are frequently identified. During such outbreak, and due to the perishable property of most foodstuff, the time laps for the identification of contaminated products and pathogens is thus critical to better circumvent their spread. Traditional detection methods using PCR or culture plating are time consuming and may present some limitations. In this study, we present a multiplexed immunoassay for the optical detection of most commonly enterohemorrhagic E. coli serogroups: O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and O157:H7 in a single device. The use of Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging not only enabled the label-free analysis of the samples but gave results in a real-time manner. A dedicated protocol was set up for the detection of both low contaminating bacterial concentrations of food samples (5 CFU per 25 g) and postenrichment aliquots. By combining one single device for the detection of O157 and non-O157 STEC in a label-free manner, this rapid approach may have an important economic and societal impact. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This article presents a simple-to-operate immunoassay for the specific detection of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC). This approach consists in the on-chip assay detection of viable cells on a specifically designed antibody microarray. By skipping any enrichment step and avoiding the use of labelling agent, this approach based on the Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging of the microarrays turns out to be much faster and more cost effective by comparison with standardized methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mondani
- University of Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPRAM, Grenoble, France.,CEA, INAC-SPrAM, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, INAC-SPrAM, Grenoble, France
| | - S Delannoy
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Food Safety Laboratory, Platform IdentyPath, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - R Mathey
- University of Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPRAM, Grenoble, France.,CEA, INAC-SPrAM, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, INAC-SPrAM, Grenoble, France
| | - F Piat
- Prestodiag, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - P Fach
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Food Safety Laboratory, Platform IdentyPath, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - T Livache
- University of Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPRAM, Grenoble, France.,CEA, INAC-SPrAM, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, INAC-SPrAM, Grenoble, France
| | - Y Roupioz
- University of Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPRAM, Grenoble, France.,CEA, INAC-SPrAM, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, INAC-SPrAM, Grenoble, France
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19
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Guzman-Hernandez R, Contreras-Rodriguez A, Hernandez-Velez R, Perez-Martinez I, Lopez-Merino A, Zaidi MB, Estrada-Garcia T. Mexican unpasteurised fresh cheeses are contaminated with Salmonella spp., non-O157 Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli and potential uropathogenic E. coli strains: A public health risk. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 237:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Álvarez-Suárez ME, Otero A, García-López ML, Dahbi G, Blanco M, Mora A, Blanco J, Santos JA. Genetic characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolates from goat's milk and goat farm environment. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 236:148-54. [PMID: 27497630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize a collection of 44 Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from goat milk and goat farm environment. Of the 19 STEC isolates, five (26.3%) carried the stx1 gene, four (21.1%) the stx2 gene and 10 (52.6%) presented both stx genes. Six (31.6%) STEC strains were eae-positive and belonged to serotypes related to severe human disease (O157:H7 and O5:HNM). Another seven STEC strains were of serotype O146:H21 and three of serotype O166:H28, also linked to human disease. The STEC strains isolated from goat milk were of serotypes potentially pathogenic for humans. All the 25 EPEC isolates were considered atypical (aEPEC) and one aEPEC strain was of serotype O26:H11, a serotype frequently isolated in children with diarrhea. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out with seven housekeeping genes and 23 sequence types (ST) were detected, 14 of them newly described. Twelve STs grouped STEC isolates and 11 STs grouped EPEC isolates. Genetic typing by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) resulted in 38 patterns which grouped in 10 clusters. Well-defined groups were also observed for strains of pathogenic serotypes. In conclusion, strains of STEC and aEPEC belonging to serotypes related to severe human disease have been detected in goat milk and the goat farm environment. Ruminants are an important reservoir of STEC strains and the role of these animals as carriers of other pathogenic types of E. coli seems to be an emerging concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Otero
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, Spain.
| | | | - Ghizlane Dahbi
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain.
| | - Miguel Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain.
| | - Azucena Mora
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain.
| | - Jorge Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain.
| | - Jesús A Santos
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, Spain.
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Abstract
Post-infectious hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is caused by specific pathogens in patients with no identifiable HUS-associated genetic mutation or autoantibody. The majority of episodes is due to infections by Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC). This chapter reviews the epidemiology and pathogenesis of STEC-HUS, including bacterial-derived factors and host responses. STEC disease is characterized by hematological (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia), renal (acute kidney injury) and extrarenal organ involvement. Clinicians should always strive for an etiological diagnosis through the microbiological or molecular identification of Stx-producing bacteria and Stx or, if negative, serological assays. Treatment of STEC-HUS is supportive; more investigations are needed to evaluate the efficacy of putative preventive and therapeutic measures, such as non-phage-inducing antibiotics, volume expansion and anti-complement agents. The outcome of STEC-HUS is generally favorable, but chronic kidney disease, permanent extrarenal, mainly cerebral complication and death (in less than 5 %) occur and long-term follow-up is recommended. The remainder of this chapter highlights rarer forms of (post-infectious) HUS due to S. dysenteriae, S. pneumoniae, influenza A and HIV and discusses potential interactions between these pathogens and the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis F. Geary
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Kerangart S, Douëllou T, Delannoy S, Fach P, Beutin L, Sergentet-Thévenot D, Cournoyer B, Loukiadis E. Variable tellurite resistance profiles of clinically-relevant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) influence their recovery from foodstuffs. Food Microbiol 2016; 59:32-42. [PMID: 27375242 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tellurite (Tel)-amended selective media and resistance (Tel-R) are widely used for detecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from foodstuffs. Tel-R of 81 O157 and non-O157 STEC strains isolated from animal, food and human was thus investigated. Variations of STEC tellurite minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values have been observed and suggest a multifactorial and variable tellurite resistome between strains. Some clinically-relevant STEC were found highly susceptible and could not be recovered using a tellurite-based detection scheme. The ter operon was highly prevalent among highly Tel-R STEC but was not always detected among intermediately-resistant strains. Many STEC serogroup strains were found to harbor sublines showing a gradient of MIC values. These Tel-R sublines showed statistically significant log negative correlations with increasing tellurite concentration. Whatever the tellurite concentration, the highest number of resistant sublines was observed for STEC belonging to the O26 serogroup. Variations in the number of these Tel-R sublines could explain the poor recovery of some STEC serogroups on tellurite-amended media especially from food products with low levels of contamination. Comparison of tellurite MIC values and distribution of virulence-related genes showed Tel-R and virulence to be related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Kerangart
- University of Lyon, Research Group on «Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment», UMR5557 Microbial Ecology, University Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Douëllou
- University of Lyon, Research Group on «Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment», UMR5557 Microbial Ecology, University Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherches Fromagères, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Plateforme IdentyPath, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Plateforme IdentyPath, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lothar Beutin
- National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (Including VTEC), Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), D-12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Delphine Sergentet-Thévenot
- University of Lyon, Research Group on «Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment», UMR5557 Microbial Ecology, University Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; University of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, LMAP Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (Including VTEC), Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Benoit Cournoyer
- University of Lyon, Research Group on «Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment», UMR5557 Microbial Ecology, University Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Estelle Loukiadis
- University of Lyon, Research Group on «Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment», UMR5557 Microbial Ecology, University Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; University of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, LMAP Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (Including VTEC), Marcy L'Etoile, France.
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Douëllou T, Delannoy S, Ganet S, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Fach P, Loukiadis E, Montel M, Thevenot-Sergentet D. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from dairy products - Genetic diversity and virulence gene profiles. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 232:52-62. [PMID: 27257743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are widely recognized as pathogens causing food borne disease. Here we evaluate the genetic diversity of 197 strains, mainly STEC, from serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8 and O145:28 and compared strains recovered in dairy products against strains from human, meat and environment cases. For this purpose, we characterized a set of reference-collection STEC isolates from dairy products by PFGE DNA fingerprinting and a subset of these by virulence-gene profiling. PFGE profiles of restricted STEC total DNA showed high genomic variability (0.9976 on Simpson's discriminatory index), enabling all dairy isolates to be differentiated. High-throughput real-time PCR screening of STEC virulence genes were applied on the O157:H7 and O26:H11 STEC isolates from dairy products and human cases. The virulence gene profiles of dairy and human STEC strains were similar. Nevertheless, frequency-wise, stx1 was more prevalent among dairy O26:H11 isolates than in human cases ones (87% vs. 44%) while stx2 was more prevalent among O26:H11 human isolates (23% vs. 81%). For O157:H7 isolates, stx1 (0% vs. 39%), nleF (40% vs 94%) and Z6065 (40% vs 100%) were more prevalent among human than dairy strains. Our data point to differences between human and dairy strains but these differences were not sufficient to associate PFGE and virulence gene profiles to a putative lower pathogenicity of dairy strains based on their lower incidence in disease. Further comparison of whole-genome expression and virulence gene profiles should be investigated in cheese and intestinal tract samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Douëllou
- INRA UR Fromagères 545, 20 Cote de Reyne, 15000 Aurillac, France; Université de Lyon, "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment" Research Group, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - S Delannoy
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Plateforme IdentyPath, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - S Ganet
- Université de Lyon, "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment" Research Group, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Laboratoire d'études des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes, French National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli including Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (NRL-STEC), 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - P Mariani-Kurkdjian
- Centre National de Référence Associé des Escherichia coli, AP-HP, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - P Fach
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Plateforme IdentyPath, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - E Loukiadis
- Université de Lyon, "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment" Research Group, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Laboratoire d'études des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes, French National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli including Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (NRL-STEC), 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Mc Montel
- INRA UR Fromagères 545, 20 Cote de Reyne, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - D Thevenot-Sergentet
- Université de Lyon, "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment" Research Group, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Laboratoire d'études des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes, French National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli including Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (NRL-STEC), 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
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Escherichia coli O26:H11 growth in co-culture with an antagonistic strain of Hafnia alvei according to pH and temperature. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Verraes C, Vlaemynck G, Van Weyenberg S, De Zutter L, Daube G, Sindic M, Uyttendaele M, Herman L. A review of the microbiological hazards of dairy products made from raw milk. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Callon C, Arliguie C, Montel MC. Control of Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli in cheese by dairy bacterial strains. Food Microbiol 2015; 53:63-70. [PMID: 26678131 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bio-preservation could be a valuable way to control Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in cheese. To this end, 41 strains were screened for their inhibitory potential on model cheese curd and on pasteurized and raw milk uncooked pressed cheeses. Strains of Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus garvieae, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Lactobacillus sp, Carnobacterium mobile, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Macrococcus caseolyticus and Hafnia alvei reduced STEC O26:H11 counts by 1.4-2.5 log cfu g(-1) and to a lesser extent STEC O157:H7 counts in pasteurized milk cheeses. Some strains can act in synergy to inhibit STEC in raw milk uncooked pressed cheeses. Inhibitory associations had no adverse effect on the sensory characteristics of these cheeses. The association of H. alvei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lc. lactis was the most inhibitory: after inoculation of this consortium into milk, STEC O26:H11 and O157:H7, inoculated at 2 log cfu ml(-1), were reduced by up to 3 log cfu g(-1) in ripened cheese. Inhibition in cheese cannot be predicted from H2O2 production in BHI medium, decreased pH or milk reduction. It is not clear what role the rapid decrease in pH during the first 6 h may play in the inhibition. Further studies will be needed to determine the nature of the inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Callon
- INRA, UR545 Fromagères, 20 Côte de Reyne, 15000 Aurillac, France.
| | - Céline Arliguie
- INRA, UR545 Fromagères, 20 Côte de Reyne, 15000 Aurillac, France
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Dalzini E, Cosciani-Cunico E, Sfameni C, Monastero P, Daminelli P, Losio MN, Varisco G. Microbiological and Physico-Chemical Changes During Manufacture of an Italian Goat Cheese Made from Raw Milk. Ital J Food Saf 2014; 3:4586. [PMID: 27800372 PMCID: PMC5076699 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2014.4586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the microbiological and physico-chemical changes throughout three cheesemaking replicates of Italian Formaggelle di capra cheese made from raw goat milk. Therefore, during the process, three samples of milk, curd and cheese at 3, 7, 11, 14, 21 and 30 days of ripening old cheese were taken from three cheesemaking replicates. The average of total mesophilic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae count in raw milk was 5.27±0.57 and 3.8±1.02 Log cfu/mL, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria was the predominant bacterial group during the process, and they developed in different ways in each of the media used (M17 and MRS agar). Variability of microbial concentrations was observed between three cheesemaking replicates. A correlation between the presence of higher levels of Enterobacteriaceae in milk and the presence of other contaminants bacteria such as Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase-positive and coagulase-positive staphylococci was observed. In cheesemaking replicate n. 2, E. coli level was 5.07±0.03 Log cfu/mL and increased by about 1 log until the last week of ripening, when the level decreased to 5.69±0.2 Log cfu/mL. The milk used for the cheesemaking replicate n. 2 was found to be contaminated also by coagulase-positive staphylococci (3.18±0.06 Log cfu/mL), but the behaviour of this group appeared to be very variable. In this study a first step of process control and microbial groups study was performed and the cheesemaking process was registered in the website www.ars-alimentaria.it, the Italian site supported by the Italian Board of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dalzini
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Rischi Emergenti in Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini" , Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Cosciani-Cunico
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Rischi Emergenti in Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini" , Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sfameni
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Rischi Emergenti in Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini" , Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Monastero
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Rischi Emergenti in Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini" , Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Daminelli
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Rischi Emergenti in Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini" , Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Nadia Losio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini" , Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Varisco
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Rischi Emergenti in Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini" , Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains have been detected in a wide diversity of mammals, birds, fish, and several insects. Carriage by most animals is asymptomatic, thus allowing for dissemination of the bacterium in the environment without detection. Replication of the organism may occur in the gastrointestinal tract of some animals, notably ruminants. Carriage may also be passive or transient, without significant amplification of bacterial numbers while in the animal host. Animals may be classified as reservoir species, spillover hosts, or dead-end hosts. This classification is based on the animal's ability to (i) transmit STEC to other animal species and (ii) maintain STEC infection in the absence of continuous exposure. Animal reservoirs are able to maintain STEC infections in the absence of continuous STEC exposure and transmit infection to other species. Spillover hosts, although capable of transmitting STEC to other animals, are unable to maintain infection in the absence of repeated exposure. The large diversity of reservoir and spillover host species and the survival of the organism in environmental niches result in complex pathways of transmission that are difficult to interrupt.
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Otero V, Becerril R, Santos JA, Rodríguez-Calleja JM, Nerín C, García-López ML. Evaluation of two antimicrobial packaging films against Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains in vitro and during storage of a Spanish ripened sheep cheese (Zamorano). Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fusco V, Quero GM. Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Nucleic-Acid-Based Methods Used in the Microbial Safety Assessment of Milk and Dairy Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:493-537. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- Nal. Research Council of Italy; Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA); Bari Italy
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- Nal. Research Council of Italy; Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA); Bari Italy
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Mondani L, Roupioz Y, Delannoy S, Fach P, Livache T. Simultaneous enrichment and optical detection of low levels of stressed Escherichia coli
O157:H7 in food matrices. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:537-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Mondani
- SPrAM; UMR 5819 CEA/CNRS/UJF-Grenoble 1; Institute for Nanosciences & Cryogeny; Grenoble France
| | - Y. Roupioz
- SPrAM; UMR 5819 CEA/CNRS/UJF-Grenoble 1; Institute for Nanosciences & Cryogeny; Grenoble France
| | - S. Delannoy
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Food Safety Laboratory; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - P. Fach
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Food Safety Laboratory; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - T. Livache
- SPrAM; UMR 5819 CEA/CNRS/UJF-Grenoble 1; Institute for Nanosciences & Cryogeny; Grenoble France
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Soto Beltran M, Gerba CP, Porto Fett A, Luchansky JB, Chaidez C. Prevalence and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from small Mexican retail markets of queso fresco. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 25:140-148. [PMID: 24809389 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2014.915016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Queso fresco (QF) is a handmade cheese consumed and produced in Latin America. In Mexico, QF production is associated with a microbiological risk. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in QF from retail markets of the north-western State of Sinaloa, Mexico, and to assess the effect of physicochemical parameters on Listeria presence. A total of 75 QF samples were obtained. L. monocytogenes, E. coli, and coliforms were detected in 9.3, 94, and 100%, respectively. Salmonella was not detected. STEC isolates showed virulence genes. Microbial loads were above the maximum values recommended by the Official Mexican Standards. Physicochemical parameters such as water activity (aw), moisture content, pH, and salinity played a role in Listeria prevalence in QF. Rigorous control in QF made in Culiacan, Mexico is needed to reduce the risk of foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Soto Beltran
- a Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science , University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , USA
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Keithlin J, Sargeant J, Thomas MK, Fazil A. Chronic sequelae of E. coli O157: systematic review and meta-analysis of the proportion of E. coli O157 cases that develop chronic sequelae. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:79-95. [PMID: 24404780 PMCID: PMC3925333 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This was a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the proportion of Escherichia coli O157 cases that develop chronic sequelae. DATA SOURCES We conducted a systematic review of articles published prior to July 2011 in Pubmed, Agricola, CabDirect, or Food Safety and Technology Abstracts. STUDY SELECTION Studies were selected that reported the number of E. coli O157 cases that developed reactive arthritis (ReA), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or Guillain Barré syndrome. METHODS Three levels of screening and data extraction of articles were conducted using predefined data fields. Meta-analysis was performed on unique outcome measures using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² value. Meta-regression was used to explore the influence of nine study-level variables on heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 82 studies were identified reporting 141 different outcome measures; 81 reported on HUS and one reported on ReA. Depending on the number of cases of E. coli O157, the estimate for the proportion of E. coli O157 cases that develop HUS ranged from 17.2% in extra-small studies (<50 cases) to 4.2% in extra-large studies (>1000 cases). Heterogeneity was significantly associated with group size (p<0.0001); however, the majority of the heterogeneity was unexplained. CONCLUSIONS High unexplained heterogeneity indicated that the study-level factors examined had a minimal influence on the variation of estimates reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Keithlin
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Sargeant
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Kate Thomas
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental, and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aamir Fazil
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Jacob ME, Foster DM, Rogers AT, Balcomb CC, Shi X, Nagaraja TG. Evidence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the feces of meat goats at a U.S. slaughter plant. J Food Prot 2013; 76:1626-9. [PMID: 23992509 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important human pathogens, and attention to non-O157 serogroups has increased in recent years. Although cattle are normally considered the primary reservoir for STEC, recent illnesses associated with goat contact have indicated that these animals are important potential reservoirs for the organisms. The prevalence of STEC, particularly non-O157 serogroups, in U.S. goats has not been well described. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of six major non-O157 STEC serogroups in the feces of meat goats. Rectal contents from 296 goats were collected postevisceration at a slaughter plant in the southeastern United States over 9 days during a 12-week period from August through October 2012. Samples were enriched in E. coli broth, and DNA was extracted and used as template in an 11-gene multiplex PCR that detected six non-O157 serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O121, O111, and O145) and virulence genes. Samples were considered positive when at least one non-O157 STEC serotype was present with either stx₁ or stx₂. All six non-O157 serogroups were detected by PCR in our samples, and 14.5% of samples were positive for at least one serogroup. Prevalence of O26 was highest, with 6.4% of goat fecal samples positive. The prevalence of O45 was 3.4%, O103 was 4.4%, O111 was 4.1%, O121 was 1.4%, and O145 was 3.0%. Twenty-two (7.4%) of 296 fecal samples had more than one non-O157 serogroup detected in the feces. Two samples had evidence of three non-O157 STEC serogroups. Goats appear to be an important reservoir for non-O157 STEC, and further work to understand the characteristics, epidemiology, and ecology of STEC in these animals is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA.
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Barret AS, Charron M, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Gouali M, Loukiadis E, Poignet-Leroux B, Godron A, Gault G, Faure M, Mailles A. Shopper cards data and storage practices for the investigation of an outbreak of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli O157 infections. Med Mal Infect 2013; 43:368-73. [PMID: 23910937 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An outbreak of shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli infections occurred in southwest France in June 2012. The outbreak was investigated to identify the source of infection, and guide control measures. METHODS Confirmed outbreak cases were patients who developed bloody diarrhoea or haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) between 28 May and 6 July 2012, with E. coli O157 isolates showing indistinguishable patterns on pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A standardized questionnaire was administered to patients to document food consumption and other risk exposures. Their purchase was checked through their supermarket shopper card data. RESULTS Six patients (four with HUS and two with bloody diarrhea) were confirmed outbreak cases. Fresh ground beef burgers from one supermarket were the only common food exposure, identified by interviews and shopper card data. The PFGE profile of shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 isolated from the suspected beef burgers was identical to those from the human cases. The suspected beef burgers were no longer on sale at the time of investigation but three patients confirmed as outbreak cases had deep-frozen some at home. CONCLUSION Shopper card data was particularly useful to obtain precise and reliable information on the traceability of consumed food. Despite the expired use-by date, a recall was issued for the beef burgers. This contributed to preventing other cases among consumers who had deep-frozen the beef burgers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-S Barret
- Institut de veille sanitaire, département des maladies infectieuses, 12, rue du Val-d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice cedex, France.
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Peng S, Hummerjohann J, Stephan R, Hammer P. Short communication: heat resistance of Escherichia coli strains in raw milk at different subpasteurization conditions. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3543-6. [PMID: 23548287 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A commonly applied treatment of raw milk to reduce bacterial loads is the short-time application of heat at subpasteurization levels under continuous flow, generally referred to as thermization, because this method retains some of the beneficial properties of raw milk. In a previous study, Escherichia coli strains exhibiting increased thermotolerance were found, demanding investigations into their ability to survive thermization. Nine E. coli strains, including 4 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains, were investigated for their reduction during a thermization treatment in raw milk using a pilot-plant pasteurizer to reflect typically applied commercial conditions. Six of the 9 E. coli strains, including the 4 STEC strains, were similarly inactivated at 60, 62.5, and 65°C, whereas increased thermotolerance was observed for 3 E. coli strains. All strains were reduced to <2 log10 at 60 and 62.5°C within 25s. At 65°C, 6 of 9 E. coli strains were reduced by at least 5 log10 after 25s, whereas at 67.5°C, such a reduction was observed for 8 strains. A much higher thermotolerance was found for E. coli strain FAM21805. For some E. coli strains, time-temperature combinations above 65°C were required to obtain a substantial reduction during a thermization treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peng
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Farrokh C, Jordan K, Auvray F, Glass K, Oppegaard H, Raynaud S, Thevenot D, Condron R, De Reu K, Govaris A, Heggum K, Heyndrickx M, Hummerjohann J, Lindsay D, Miszczycha S, Moussiegt S, Verstraete K, Cerf O. Review of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and their significance in dairy production. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 162:190-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Peng S, Hoffmann W, Bockelmann W, Hummerjohann J, Stephan R, Hammer P. Fate of Shiga toxin-producing and generic Escherichia coli during production and ripening of semihard raw milk cheese. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:815-23. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Miszczycha SD, Perrin F, Ganet S, Jamet E, Tenenhaus-Aziza F, Montel MC, Thevenot-Sergentet D. Behavior of different Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotypes in various experimentally contaminated raw-milk cheeses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:150-8. [PMID: 23087038 PMCID: PMC3536096 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02192-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important cause of food-borne illness. The public health implication of the presence of STEC in dairy products remains unclear. Knowledge of STEC behavior in cheeses would help to evaluate the human health risk. The aim of our study was to observe the growth and survival of experimentally inoculated STEC strains in raw-milk cheeses manufactured and ripened according to five technological schemes: blue-type cheese, uncooked pressed cheese with long ripening and with short ripening steps, cooked cheese, and lactic cheese. Cheeses were contaminated with different STEC serotypes (O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, and O145:H28) at the milk preparation stage. STEC growth and survival were monitored on selective media during the entire manufacturing process. STEC grew (2 to 3 log(10) CFU · g(-1)) in blue-type cheese and the two uncooked pressed cheeses during the first 24 h of cheese making. Then, STEC levels progressively decreased in cheeses that were ripened for more than 6 months. In cooked cheese and in lactic cheese with a long acidic coagulation step (pH < 4.5), STEC did not grow. Their levels decreased after the cooking step in the cooked cheese and after the coagulation step in the lactic cheese, but STEC was still detectable at the end of ripening and storage. A serotype effect was found: in all cheeses studied, serotype O157:H7 grew less strongly and was less persistent than the others serotypes. This study improves knowledge of the behavior of different STEC serotypes in various raw-milk cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane D. Miszczycha
- Université de Lyon, CALITYSS-EMSA-VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Centre National de l'Interprofession et de l'Economie Laitière (CNIEL), Paris, France
| | | | - Sarah Ganet
- Université de Lyon, CALITYSS-EMSA-VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- LMAP-NRL STEC-VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Fanny Tenenhaus-Aziza
- Centre National de l'Interprofession et de l'Economie Laitière (CNIEL), Paris, France
| | | | - Delphine Thevenot-Sergentet
- Université de Lyon, CALITYSS-EMSA-VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- LMAP-NRL STEC-VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Shiga toxin 2 and their application for toxin detection in milk. J Immunol Methods 2012; 389:18-28. [PMID: 23279946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human infection by Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is one of the most prevalent foodborne diseases. Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) is the major contributor to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and other systemic complications caused by STEC. Although outbreaks of HUS due to the consumption of dairy products occur frequently, very few reports are available on assays for the detection of Stx2 in milk. In this study, we describe the development of five high-affinity monoclonal antibodies (dissociation constants below nM range) against Stx2 using a recombinant toxoid as an immunogen. These antibodies, designated Stx2-1, Stx2-2, Stx2-3, Stx2-4, and Stx2-5 are IgG1 or IgG2a heavy-chain subclass with kappa light-chains, did not cross-react with Stx1 and showed different preferences to variants of Stx2. Western blot analyses demonstrate that mAbs Stx2-2 and Stx2-5 bind both the A- and B-subunits, whereas the other 3 mAbs bind the A-subunit of Stx2a only. All antibodies bound stronger to the native than to the denatured Stx2a except the mAb Stx2-3, which bound equally well to both forms of the toxin. Of the five mAbs, Stx2-5 was capable of neutralizing Stx2a mediated cytotoxicity in Vero cells. Highly sensitive ELISA and immuno-PCR assays, capable of detecting 1 and 0.01 pg/mL of Stx2a in milk, were developed using mAb pair Stx2-1 and Stx2-2. Such assays are useful for routine diagnosis of Stx2 contamination in milk production process, thus reducing the risk of STEC outbreaks.
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Crab meat: a novel vehicle for E. coli O157 identified in an outbreak in South West England, August 2011. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 141:2043-50. [PMID: 23218436 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In August 2011, we investigated an outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 in Plymouth, England, utilizing a case-control study and food traceback. Nine cases, eight laboratory-confirmed with E. coli O157 phage type 21/28 verocytotoxin 2 and one epidemiologically linked, had onsets from 30 July 2011 to 15 August 2011. We compared cases (n=8) with controls (n=28) of similar age and sex (median age 61 vs. 55 years, females 75% vs. 61%). Cases were 58 times more likely to have eaten crab (88% vs. 11%; odds ratio 58, 95% confidence interval 4-2700). Eight cases consumed crab sourced from the same supplier who was not registered with the local authority. This outbreak pointed to crab as a possible vehicle of E. coli O157 infection. We ensured the withdrawal of crab meat sourced from unregistered suppliers from food venues by 25 August 2011. We also emphasized the importance of only using registered suppliers to the food venues. Since then no further associated cases have been reported.
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Delbès-Paus C, Miszczycha S, Ganet S, Helinck S, Veisseire P, Pochet S, Thévenot D, Montel MC. Behavior of Escherichia coli O26:H11 in the presence of Hafnia alvei in a model cheese ecosystem. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 160:212-8. [PMID: 23290227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the capacity of three Hafnia strains to inhibit the growth of an E. coli strain O26:H11 in an uncooked pressed model cheese, in the presence or absence of a microbial consortium added to mimic a cheese microbial community. Inoculated at 2 log CFU/ml into pasteurized milk without Hafnia, the E. coli O26:H11 strain reached 5 log CFU/g during cheese-making and survived at levels of 4 to 5 log CFU/g beyond 40 days. Inoculated into milk at 6 log CFU/ml, all three tested Hafnia strains (H. alvei B16 and HA, H. paralvei 920) reached values close to 8 log CFU/g and reduced E. coli O26:H11 counts in cheese on day 1 by 0.8 to 1.4 log CFU/g compared to cheeses inoculated with E. coli O26:H11 and the microbial consortium only. The Hafnia strains slightly reduced counts of Enterococcus faecalis (~-0.5 log from day 1) and promoted Lactobacillus plantarum growth (+0.2 to 0.5 log from day 8) in cheese. They produced small amounts of putrescine (~1.3 mmol/kg) and cadaverine (~0.9 mmol/kg) in cheese after 28 days, and did not affect levels of volatile aroma compounds. Further work on H. alvei strain B16 showed that E. coli O26:H11, inoculated at 2 log CFU/ml, was inhibited by H. alvei B16 inoculated at 6 log CFU/ml and not at 4.5 log CFU/ml. The inhibition was associated neither with lower pH values in cheese after 6 or 24h, nor with higher concentrations of lactic acid. Enhanced concentrations of acetic acid on day 1 in cheese inoculated with H. alvei B16 (4 to 11 mmol/kg) could not fully explain the reduction in E. coli O26:H11 growth. A synergistic interaction between H. alvei B16 and the microbial consortium, resulting in an additional 0.7-log reduction in E. coli O26:H11 counts, was observed from day 8 in model cheeses made from pasteurized milk. However, E. coli O26:H11 survived better during ripening in model cheeses made from raw milk than in those made from pasteurized milk, but this was not associated with an increase in pH values. In vitro approaches are required to investigate the mechanisms and causative agents of this interaction. H. alvei B16 appears to be a promising strain for reducing E. coli O26:H11 growth in cheese, as part of a multi-hurdle approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delbès-Paus
- INRA, UR545 Recherches Fromagères, 20 Côte de Reyne, Aurillac, France.
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McCollum JT, Williams NJ, Beam SW, Cosgrove S, Ettestad PJ, Ghosh TS, Kimura AC, Nguyen L, Stroika SG, Vogt RL, Watkins AK, Weiss JR, Williams IT, Cronquist AB. Multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with in-store sampling of an aged raw-milk Gouda cheese, 2010. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1759-65. [PMID: 23043823 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, 41 patients ill with Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates determined to be indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were identified among residents of five Southwestern U.S. states. A majority of patients reported consuming complimentary samples of aged raw-milk Gouda cheese at national warehouse chain store locations; sampling Gouda cheese was significantly associated with illness (odds ratio, 9.0; 95 % confidence interval, 1.7 to 47). Several Gouda samples yielded the O157:H7 outbreak strain, confirming the food vehicle and source of infections. Implicated retail food-sampling operations were inconsistently regulated among affected states, and sanitation deficiencies were common among sampling venues. Inspection of the cheese manufacturer indicated deficient sanitation practices and insufficient cheese curing times. Policymakers should continue to reexamine the adequacy and enforcement of existing rules intended to ensure the safety of raw-milk cheeses and retail food sampling. Additional research is necessary to clarify the food safety hazards posed to patrons who consume free food samples while shopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T McCollum
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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STELLA AE, MALUTA RP, RIGOBELO EC, MARIN JM, DEÁVILA FA. Virulence Genes in Isolates of Escherichia coli from Samples of Milk and Feces from Dairy Cattle. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1698-700. [DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine if Escherichia coli isolates carrying the virulence genes eae and eltB and exhibiting the Ehly phenotype are present in feces and milk samples from healthy dairy cattle on farms. Isolates from calves showed a statistically higher prevalence of eae and eltB compared with isolates from older animals. The other factors tested (stx1, stx2, and Ehly) were not statistically different between the two groups. Two isolates originating from calf feces were identified as serotype O157:H7; one of these isolates carried stx1 and eae, the other stx2 and eae. E. coli isolated from milk contained stx1, stx2, and eltB. The results show that feces or milk from healthy dairy cattle may contain E. coli pathotypes that express virulence genes, indicating that these materials have zoonotic potential. The results also reinforce the idea that host age can influence the dynamics of virulence genes in E. coli from cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. STELLA
- 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellane, s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. P. MALUTA
- 2Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IB-UNICAMP), CEP 13083-875, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. C. RIGOBELO
- 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellane, s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. M. MARIN
- 3Departamento de Morfologia, Estomatologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FORP-USP), 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F. A. DEÁVILA
- 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellane, s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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47
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Osmotic and Desiccation Tolerance in Escherichia coli O157:H7 Requires rpoS (σ38). Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:660-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Miszczycha SD, Ganet S, Duniere L, Rozand C, Loukiadis E, Thevenot-Sergentet D. Novel real-time PCR method to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw milk cheese and raw ground meat. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1373-81. [PMID: 22856560 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Raw milk, raw milk cheeses, and raw ground meat have been implicated in Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks. Developing methods to detect these bacteria in raw milk and meat products is a major challenge for food safety. The aim of our study was to develop a real-time PCR assay to detect E. coli O157:H7 in raw milk cheeses and raw ground meat. Well-known primers targeting a mutation at position +93 of the uidA gene in E. coli O157:H7 were chosen, and a specific TaqMan-minor groove binder probe was designed. This probe targets another mutation, at position +191 of the uidA gene in E. coli O157:H7. The first step in the study was to evaluate the specificity of this probe with 156 different O157:H7/NM strains and 48 non-O157:H7/NM strains of E. coli. The sensitivity of the method was evaluated by pre- and postinoculation of cheeses and meat enrichments with different E. coli O157:H7 strains. All the E. coli O157:H7 isolates tested were positive, and none of the other bacteria were detected. Our results indicate that this method is sensitive enough to detect 10(2) E. coli O157:H7 isolates per ml of cheese or meat enrichment broth (24 h at 41.5° C) and is more sensitive than the International Organization for Standardization reference method. We can conclude that this new real-time PCR protocol is a useful tool for rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7 in raw milk and raw ground meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane D Miszczycha
- Unité de Recherche CALITYSS/Equipe EMSA, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, 1 avenue Claude Bourgelat, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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49
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Jinneman KC, Waite-Cusic JG, Yoshitomi KJ. Evaluation of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) method for the detection and identification of STEC O104 strains from sprouts. Food Microbiol 2012; 30:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Neil KP, Biggerstaff G, MacDonald JK, Trees E, Medus C, Musser KA, Stroika SG, Zink D, Sotir MJ. A Novel Vehicle for Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Humans: Multistate Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 Infections Associated With Consumption of Ready-to-Bake Commercial Prepackaged Cookie Dough--United States, 2009. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 54:511-8. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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