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Chaurasia PK, Bharati SL, Singh S. Garlic against Heart-related Ailments: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Future Perspective. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:521-530. [PMID: 37605421 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230821102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allium sativum L. (Garlic) is a well-recognized plant of great nutraceutical value with pharmacological evidences. It is full of dietary as well as pharmaceutical properties and has been used in traditional medications for a long time. It is known for good antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral effects, along with other therapeutic roles in cardiovascular diseases, anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, anti-thrombotic, blood pressure, bone and skin related problems etc. Objective: Considering the potential of garlic in the treatment of cardiovascular/heart-related diseases, the main objective of this study was to prepare a subject-centric mini-review focusing on its chemistry and pharmacology in heart-related issues. METHODS In order to prepare this mini-review article, an extensive online literature search was performed to find out the most recent studies related to this topic. These studies were briefly reviewed, assessed, and discussed to explore the possible capability of garlic for the cure of cardiovascular problems. RESULT Several experiments on mice models, rat models as well as on humans show the effective role of various forms of garlic in cardiovascular or heart-related ailments. After reviewing the available publications on garlic in heart-related issues, authors found that garlic and its sulfur (S)-based organic constituents may have advantageous applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Chaurasia
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Chemical, Biological and Environmental Laboratory, L.S. College, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 842001, India
| | - Shashi Lata Bharati
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Navyug Kanya Mahavidyalaya, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226004, India
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Holdbrooke SJ, Afolabi BM, David NA, Kareem KO, Salako A, Aina OO. Perception, knowledge, and consumption pattern of dietary supplement used during COVID-19 pandemic among black Africans: Perspective of Nigerians. Dialogues Health 2023; 2:100106. [PMID: 36744009 PMCID: PMC9889116 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The awareness of the health implication of Covid-19 pandemic marked an increase consumption of various dietary and herbal supplements (DHS) for the deterrence and/or prophylaxis against the novel emerging and infectious disease. However, there is little indication of the usefulness or otherwise of their use in alleviating symptoms of COVID-19. Objectives To investigate the pattern and determinants of DHS use among the Nigerian population for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Setting: Older adolescents and adults residing in Nigeria. Participants Participants (n = 645) residing in the Nigeria were recruited from different geo-political zones and various ethnic groups. Primary and secondary outcomes Prevalence and determinants for the use of different DHS for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in Nigeria, and sources of information for DHS use. Results Most participants (425, 65.9%) believed that dietary supplements are necessary during infectious disease outbreak, but a fewer proportion believed that supplements can be used in conjunction with other drugs to treat Covid-19. Vitamin C was the most known (70.0%) and Vitamin A. The least known (0.3%) dietary supplement Approximately half (50.2%) of the study subjects, more than a third (37.8%) and less than a quarter (22.7%) were aware that Folic acid, vitamin D and vitamin E are DS. Herbal dietary supplements mentioned as known by the study participants included Garlic (46.5%), Ginger (44.7%), Tumeric (36.3%), Moringa (40.0%) and Ginseng (26.3%). Citrus fruit as a DS was recognized by fewer (6.5%) study participants and only 1.6% referred to herbal tea as DHS. In all, 571 (88.5%) of the study participants took DHS during the Covid-19 pandemic with males 1.5 times more likely to take DHS than females (χ2 = 3.09, P-value = 0.08, OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.95, 2.47) during the pandemic. Participants reported lesser consumption of Selenium (27, 4.2%), Iron (20,3.1%), Zinc (61, 9.5%) and calcium (101, 15.7%) to prevent/treat Covid-19. Majority (271, 42.0%) of the study participants mentioned "health worker" as source of information on DHS while 13% mentioned "Social media". The sociodemographic determinants of DHS practices used to prevent/treat COVID-19 during the pandemic included older age group of 61-70 years, widows, secondary level of education and not employed. Conclusions The findings showed widespread use of DHS for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The use of DHS in this study was mainly guided by health workers with a marginal role of social media and Mass media. These findings call for a more robust consolidative tactic towards DHS to ensure its proper and safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bamgboye M. Afolabi
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmond Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Health, Environment and Development Foundation, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nkiru A. David
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmond Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kafilat O. Kareem
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmond Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abideen Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmond Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Zhao S, Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhao T. Recent research advances on oral colon-specific delivery system of nature bioactive components: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113403. [PMID: 37803751 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral colon-specific delivery system (OCDS) is a targeted approach that aims to directly deliver bioactive compounds directly to the colon following oral administration, thereby enhancing the colonic release of bioactive substances and minimizing adverse reactions. The effectiveness of bioactive substances in the colon hinges on the degree of release, which are affected by various factors including pH, mucosal barrier, delivery time and so on. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the key factors affecting oral colon-specific release of bioactive components firstly. Considering the oral safety, this review then mainly focuses on the types of carriers with edible OCDS and preparation strategies for OCDS. Finally, several preparation strategies for loading typical natural bioactive ingredients into oral safe OCDS are reviewed, along with future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Zhang M, Zou X, Du Y, Pan Z, He F, Sun Y, Li M. Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveal the Mechanism of Alliin in Improving Hyperlipidemia. Foods 2023; 12:3407. [PMID: 37761116 PMCID: PMC10528980 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to assess the anti-hyperlipidemia effects of alliin in vivo and its potential mechanisms through transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. A hyperlipidemia mode was established in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet, and the related physiological parameters of the animals were recorded. Serum TC and MDA in livers significantly decreased by 12.34% and 29.59%, respectively, and SOD and CAT in livers significantly increased by 40.64% and 39.05%, respectively, after high doses of alliin interventions. In total, 148 significantly different genes, particularly Cel, Sqle, Myc, and Ugt1a2, were revealed for their potential roles in HFD-induced alliin, mainly through steroid biosynthesis, triglyceride metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, according to transcriptomics analysis. Metabolomics results revealed 18 significantly different metabolites between the alliin group and HFD group, which were classified as carboxylic acids, such as N-undecanoylglycine, adipic acid, D-pantothenic acid, cyprodenate, and pivagabine. We found pantothenic acid played a vital role and was effective through pantothenic acid and CoA biosynthesis metabolism. The "steroid biosynthesis pathway" was identified as the most significant metabolic pathway by integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. This work offered a theoretical framework for the mechanism of alliin lipid lowering in the future. The development and utilization of alliin will be a viable strategy to improve the health status of people with hyperlipidemia, suggesting prospective market opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yixuan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuangguang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fangqing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meiying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Schwarztrauber M, Edwards N, Hiryak J, Chandrasekaran R, Wild J, Bommareddy A. Antitumor and chemopreventive role of major phytochemicals against breast cancer development. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37646820 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2251167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the world. Despite the decrease in mortality, there has been a steady increase in its incidence. There is much evidence that naturally occurring phytochemicals could prove to be safer alternatives aimed at prevention and development of breast cancer. In the present review, we discuss important phytochemicals, namely capsaicin, alpha-santalol and diallyl trisulphide that are shown to have chemopreventive and anti-tumour properties against breast cancer development. We examined current knowledge of their bioavailability, safety and modulation of molecular mechanisms including their ability to induce apoptotic cell death, promote cell cycle arrest, and inhibit cellular proliferation in different breast cancer cell lines and in vivo models. This review emphasises the importance of these naturally occurring phytochemicals and their potential of becoming therapeutic options in the arsenal against breast cancer development provided further scientific and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathaniel Edwards
- Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - James Hiryak
- Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Ritesh Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine, FL Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Jayson Wild
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine, FL Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Ajay Bommareddy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine, FL Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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Wodi C, Ezaka E, Ukwah BN, Eze UA. Organ wide toxicological assessment of common edible herbs and their mixtures as used in home remedies. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2023; 38:e2023012-0. [PMID: 37933106 PMCID: PMC10628407 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of home remedies for medicinal purposes, most of which are edible plants has continued to be a practice in many homes. However, there has been an increasing report of chronic use with lethal effect. Among the commonly used herbal/ medicinal plants were ginger, garlic and lemon. These were seen to be prevalent across continents with brewing and crude extraction being the most means of consumption. This study investigated the organ wide toxicity of this extract following chronic consumption of crude extract. Twenty-five albino Wister rats, five in each group were used for this experiment. Each animal received 0.5ml/kg body weight of either ginger extract, garlic extract, lemon juice, or a mixture of equal volumes of all three extract (v/v) respectively twice daily for seven (7) days. Statistics were represented as ±SE; P≤0.05 was considered significant. Previous studies have shown that moderate consumption of these medicinal plants were beneficial and have shown no deleterious effect. This study observed no change in the weight of the experimental animals. The weight of the animals continued to increase except for the group that received lemon and the mixture, but these were not significant. It was observed that chronic consumption induced organ wide toxicity to include the liver, kidney, intestinal epithelium, stomach, and pancreas. These were shown to alter tissue architecture and the cell morphology. Packed cell volume was reduced in the lemon and the group that received a combination of all extracts (p=o.03). Blood differentials showed changes in levels. An elevated basophil level was observed in ginger and garlic (p<0.0001; p=0.0006). Monocyte levels increased progressively across each group when compared to the control with the most elevated level seen in the group that received the mixture (p<0.0001). Lymphocyte count was reduced across all the groups that received the extract except for animals that received ginger. This study suggests the application of caution among users of these medicinal plants and continues to draw attention to the need for harmonization and standardization of safe use doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigeru Wodi
- Department of medical laboratory science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ebere Ezaka
- Department of medical laboratory science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Boniface N. Ukwah
- Department of medical laboratory science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ukpai A. Eze
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Bhowmick BK, Sarkar S, Roychowdhury D, Patil SD, Lekhak MM, Ohri D, Rama Rao S, Yadav SR, Verma RC, Dhar MK, Raina SN, Jha S. Allium cytogenetics: a critical review on the Indian taxa. Comp Cytogenet 2023; 17:129-156. [PMID: 37304149 PMCID: PMC10252142 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.98903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Allium Linnaeus, 1753 (tribe Allieae) contains about 800 species worldwide of which almost 38 species are reported in India, including the globally important crops (onion, garlic, leek, shallot) and many wild species. A satisfactory chromosomal catalogue of Allium species is missing which has been considered in the review for the species occurring in India. The most prominent base number is x=8, with few records of x=7, 10, 11. The genome size has sufficient clues for divergence, ranging from 7.8 pg/1C to 30.0 pg/1C in diploid and 15.16 pg/1C to 41.78 pg/1C in polyploid species. Although the karyotypes are seemingly dominated by metacentrics, substantial variation in nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) is noteworthy. The chromosomal rearrangement between A.cepa Linnaeus, 1753 and its allied species has paved way to appreciate genomic evolution within Allium. The presence of a unique telomere sequence and its conservation in Allium sets this genus apart from all other Amaryllids and supports monophyletic origin. Any cytogenetic investigation regarding NOR variability, telomere sequence and genome size in the Indian species becomes the most promising field to decipher chromosome evolution against the background of species diversity and evolution, especially in the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Kumar Bhowmick
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, 1&3, Urquhart Square, Kolkata- 700006, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Scottish Church CollegeKolkataIndia
| | - Sayantika Sarkar
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata- 700019, West Bengal, IndiaUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
| | - Dipasree Roychowdhury
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata- 700019, West Bengal, IndiaUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
| | - Sayali D. Patil
- Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra- 416004, IndiaShivaji UniversityKolhapurIndia
| | - Manoj M. Lekhak
- Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra- 416004, IndiaShivaji UniversityKolhapurIndia
| | - Deepak Ohri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow- 226028, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAmity University Uttar PradeshLucknowIndia
| | - Satyawada Rama Rao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya- 793022, IndiaNorth-Eastern Hill UniversityShillongIndia
| | - S. R. Yadav
- Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra- 416004, IndiaShivaji UniversityKolhapurIndia
| | - R. C. Verma
- School of Studies in Botany, Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh 456010, IndiaVikram UniversityUjjainIndia
| | - Manoj K. Dhar
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir- 180006, IndiaUniversity of JammuJammuIndia
| | - S. N. Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 201313, IndiaAmity UniversityNoidaIndia
| | - Sumita Jha
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata- 700019, West Bengal, IndiaUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
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Froldi G. The Use of Medicinal Plants in Blood Vessel Diseases: The Influence of Gender. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040866. [PMID: 37109395 PMCID: PMC10147070 DOI: 10.3390/life13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data available in the literature on the use of herbal products to treat inflammation-related vascular diseases were considered in this study, while also assessing the influence of gender. To this end, the articles published in PubMed over the past 10 years that described the use of plant extracts in randomized clinical trials studying the effectiveness in vascular pathologies were analyzed. The difference in efficacy of plant-derived preparations in female and male subjects was always considered when reporting. The safety profiles of the selected plants were described, reporting unwanted effects in humans and also by searching the WHO database (VigiBase®). The medicinal plants considered were Allium sativum, Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Sechium edule, Terminalia chebula. Additionally, an innovative type of preparation consisting of plant-derived nanovesicles was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Long Z, Xiang W, He Q, Xiao W, Wei H, Li H, Guo H, Chen Y, Yuan M, Yuan X, Zeng L, Yang K, Deng Y, Huang Z. Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1024120. [PMID: 37033930 PMCID: PMC10073448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1024120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and efficacy of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS CNKI, Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of RA. The databases were searched from the time of their establishment to November 8nd, 2022. After 2 reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies, Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 49 records (47 RCTs) were finally included, involving 3852 participants and 15 types of dietary polyphenols (Cinnamon extract, Cranberry extract, Crocus sativus L. extract, Curcumin, Garlic extract, Ginger extract, Hesperidin, Olive oil, Pomegranate extract, Puerarin, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Sesamin, Tea polyphenols, Total glucosides of paeony). Pomegranate extract, Resveratrol, Garlic extract, Puerarin, Hesperidin, Ginger extract, Cinnamon extract, Sesamin only involve in 1 RCT. Cranberry extract, Crocus sativus L. extract, Olive oil, Quercetin, Tea polyphenols involve in 2 RCTs. Total glucosides of paeony and Curcumin involve in more than 3 RCTs. These RCTs showed that these dietary polyphenols could improve disease activity score for 28 joints (DAS28), inflammation levels or oxidative stress levels in RA. The addition of dietary polyphenols did not increase adverse events. CONCLUSION Dietary polyphenols may improve DAS28, reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and improve oxidative stress, etc. However, more RCTs are needed to verify or modify the efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022315645.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Long
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Long, ; Wang Xiang, ; Wei Xiao, ; Zhen Huang,
| | - Wang Xiang
- The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Long, ; Wang Xiang, ; Wei Xiao, ; Zhen Huang,
| | - Qi He
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Long, ; Wang Xiang, ; Wei Xiao, ; Zhen Huang,
| | - Huagen Wei
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | | | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Long, ; Wang Xiang, ; Wei Xiao, ; Zhen Huang,
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Jiang Y, Yue R, Liu G, Liu J, Peng B, Yang M, Zhao L, Li Z. Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) in diabetes and its complications: Recent advances in mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-51. [PMID: 36503329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired islet secretion that places a heavy burden on the global health care system due to its high incidence rate, long disease course and many complications. Fortunately, garlic (Allium sativum L.), a well-known medicinal plant and functional food without the toxicity and side effects of conventional drugs, has shown positive effects in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. With interdisciplinary development and in-depth exploration, we offer a clear and comprehensive summary of the research from the past ten years, focusing on the mechanisms and development processes of garlic in the treatment of diabetes and its complications, aiming to provide a new perspective for the treatment of diabetes and promote the efficient development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- People's Hospital of NanJiang, Bazhong, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianxue Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Abe K, Yamamoto K, Myoda T, Fujii T, Niwa K. Protective effects of volatile components of aged garlic extract against ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in human skin fibroblasts. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14482. [PMID: 36219767 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been shown to protect the skin against UV-induced damage, but effects of its volatile components remain unknown. We investigated the effects of the volatile fraction of AGE on the responses of cultured skin fibroblasts subjected to UV-B irradiation. UV-B irradiation (20 mJ/cm2 ) reduced the cell viability to 55% of control. The nonvolatile and volatile fractions of AGE inhibited the UV-B-induced reduction of cell viability; the cell viabilities were 100% and 73%, respectively. The volatile fraction inhibited the UV-B-induced increase in apoptotic cell death by 28%. The volatile fraction also inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) induced by UV-B irradiation. GC-MS analysis revealed that a large number of volatile compounds were generated during aging of garlic. These results suggest that the volatile fraction of AGE has protective effects against the UV-B-induced death of skin fibroblasts, and that this effect may partly be due to an inhibition of apoptosis via the downregulation of MAPK signaling. The volatile compounds of AGE may have beneficial applications for skin health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, we investigated the effects of AGE against cell damage of UV-B-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. The aging process of garlic produced characteristic volatile compounds that have significant protective effects against UV-induced cell damage. Our results demonstrated that the aging process is a suitable method to develop added value in garlic extracts to improve skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Abe
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri City, Japan.,Healthcare Research and Development Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Akitakata, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri City, Japan
| | - Takao Myoda
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri City, Japan
| | - Takuto Fujii
- Healthcare Research and Development Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Akitakata, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Niwa
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri City, Japan
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12
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Sheng N, Wang YQ, Wang CF, Jia MQ, Niu HM, Lu QQ, Wang YN, Feng D, Zheng XX, Yuan HQ. AGR2-induced cholesterol synthesis drives lovastatin resistance that is overcome by combination therapy with allicin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2905-2916. [PMID: 35459869 PMCID: PMC9622889 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2), a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), is a multifunctional protein under physiological and pathological conditions. In this study we investigated the roles of AGR2 in regulating cholesterol biogenesis, lipid-lowering efficiency of lovastatin as well as in protection against hypercholesterolemia/statin-induced liver injury. We showed that AGR2 knockout significantly decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in mice with whole-body or hepatocyte-specific Agr2-null mutant, compared with the levels in their wild-type littermates fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD). In contrast, mice with AGR2 overexpression (Agr2/Tg) exhibited an increased cholesterol level. Mechanistic studies revealed that AGR2 affected cholesterol biogenesis via activation of AKT/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP2), to some extent, in a PDI motif-dependent manner. Moreover, elevated AGR2 led to a significant decrease in the lipid-lowering efficacy of lovastatin (10 mg· kg-1· d-1, ip, for 2 weeks) in mice with hypercholesterolemia (hyperCho), which was validated by results obtained from clinical samples in statin-treated patients. We showed that lovastatin had limited effect on AGR2 expression, but AGR2 was inducible in Agr2/Tg mice fed a HFD. Further investigations demonstrated that drug-induced liver toxicity and inflammatory reactions were alleviated in hypercholesterolemic Agr2/Tg mice, suggesting the dual functions of AGR2 in lipid management and hyperCho/statin-induced liver injury. Importantly, the AGR2-reduced lipid-lowering efficacy of lovastatin was attenuated, at least partially, by co-administration of a sulfhydryl-reactive compound allicin (20 mg· kg-1· d-1, ip, for 2 weeks). These results demonstrate a novel role of AGR2 in cholesterol metabolism, drug resistance and liver protection, suggesting AGR2 as a potential predictor for selection of lipid-lowering drugs in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences/Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250021, China
| | - Yun-Qiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences/Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250021, China
| | - Cun-Fu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences/Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250021, China
| | - Meng-Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences/Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250021, China
| | - Huan-Min Niu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences/Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250021, China
| | - Qi-Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences/Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250021, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences/Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250021, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences/Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250021, China
| | - Hui-Qing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences/Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250021, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250012, China.
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13
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Li M, Yun W, Wang G, Li A, Gao J, He Q. Roles and mechanisms of garlic and its extracts on atherosclerosis: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:954938. [PMID: 36263122 PMCID: PMC9574545 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.954938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have achieved initial results, but the number of CVDs patients will increase rapidly in the next 10 years. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a significant risk factor for CVDs. The impact of lifestyle and daily diet varies considerably between different countries and continents and has been shown to affect the development of various diseases such as diabetes and CVDs. Primary and secondary prevention using alternative supplements and methods to avoid or reduce the use of traditional pharmacological drugs have also become popular. One of the reasons for this is that pharmacological drugs with lipid-lowering, and blood pressure-lowering effects cause many side effects that may negatively impact the quality of life. Patients are now emphasizing reliance on lifestyle changes to reduce cardiovascular risks. Garlic is a medicinal and edible plant that has been used for a long time. In order to reveal garlic application in the prevention and treatment of AS, reviewing the latest domestic and international studies through searching databases. The result shows that the antiatherogenic role of garlic is eximious. And the mechanisms are mainly related to hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antithrombotic, inhibiting angiogenesis, protecting endothelial cells, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, inhibiting vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and regulating gut microbiota. The main signaling pathways involve AMPK/TLRs, Keap1/Nrf2, PI3K/AKT, PPARγ/LXRα, GEF-H1/RhoA/Rac, etc. The antiatherogenic actions and molecular mechanism of garlic were reviewed in this study to obtain a robust evidence basis for the clinical application and mechanistic study and provide a theoretical basis for further utilization of garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wingyan Yun
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyong He,
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14
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Wang S, Liu J, Dong J, Fan Z, Wang F, Wu P, Li X, Kou R, Chen F. Allyl methyl trisulfide protected against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919898. [PMID: 36003507 PMCID: PMC9394683 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allyl methyl trisulfide (AMTS) is one major lipid-soluble organosulfur compound of garlic. Previous studies have reported the potential therapeutic effect of garlic on acute lung injury (ALI) or its severe condition acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the specific substances that exert the regulatory effects are still unclear. In this study, we investigate the protective effects of AMTS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. In vivo experiments, ICR mice were pretreated with 25–100 mg/kg AMTS for 7 days and followed by intratracheal instillation of LPS (1.5 mg/kg). The results showed that AMTS significantly attenuated LPS-induced deterioration of lung pathology, demonstrated by ameliorative edema and protein leakage, and improved pulmonary histopathological morphology. Meanwhile, the expression of inflammatory mediators and the infiltration of inflammation-regulation cells induced by LPS were also inhibited. In vitro experiments also revealed that AMTS could alleviate inflammation response and inhibit the exaggeration of macrophage M1 polarization in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, we identified that AMTS treatment could attenuate the LPS-induced elevation of protein expression of p-IκBα, nuclear NF-κB-p65, COX2, iNOS, p-P38, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK. Collectively, these data suggest that AMTS could attenuate LPS-induced ALI and the molecular mechanisms should be related to the suppression of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jinqian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Zongqiang Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Fugui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ruirui Kou
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ruirui Kou, ; Fang Chen,
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ruirui Kou, ; Fang Chen,
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15
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Ozma MA, Abbasi A, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M, Hosseini H, Hosseinzadeh N, Sabahi S, Noori SMA, Sepordeh S, Khodadadi E, Lahouty M, Kafil HS. A Critical Review on the Nutritional and Medicinal Profiles of Garlic’s ( Allium sativum L.) Bioactive Compounds. Food Reviews International 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Asghari Ozma
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Sabahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sama Sepordeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Material Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas—Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Masoud Lahouty
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Moreno-Ortega A, Di Pede G, Pereira-Caro G, Calani L, Mena P, Del Rio D, Moreno-Rojas JM. In Vitro Colonic Fermentation of (Poly)phenols and Organosulfur Compounds of Fresh and Black Garlic. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:3666-3677. [PMID: 35293213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial properties associated with garlic consumption have been related to the presence of bioactive compounds including (poly)phenols and organosulfur compounds (OSCs). This study aims to assess the effect of in vitro colonic fermentation on fresh and black garlic by determining the transformation of these compounds through ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a linear ion trap (uHPLC-LIT-MS). Colonic fermentation had a similar influence on the phenolic content of fresh and black garlic, with total respective decreases of 43.8% and 41.7%. Meanwhile, fermentation resulted in a significant decrease (33%) in OSCs in black garlic. Compounds such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, S-allylcysteine (SAC), and methionine sulfoxide were the phenolic compounds and OSCs with the highest concentration in fresh and black garlic after the in vitro fermentation. These compounds, potentially present at the colonic level, might be responsible for the systemic health benefits associated with the consumption of black and fresh garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Moreno-Ortega
- Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Campus Rabanales, Ed, Darwin-anexo Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Di Pede
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Food Science and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luca Calani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Food Science and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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17
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Yudhistira B, Punthi F, Lin JA, Sulaimana AS, Chang CK, Hsieh CW. S-Allyl cysteine in garlic (Allium sativum): Formation, biofunction, and resistance to food processing for value-added product development. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2665-2687. [PMID: 35355410 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
S-allyl cysteine (SAC), which is the most abundant bioactive compound in black garlic (BG; Allium sativum), has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Sulfur compounds are the most distinctive bioactive elements in garlic. Previous studies have provided evidence that the concentration of SAC in fresh garlic is in the range of 19.0-1736.3 μg/g. Meanwhile, for processed garlic, such as frozen and thawed garlic, pickled garlic, fermented garlic extract, and BG, the SAC content increased to up to 8021.2 μg/g. BG is an SAC-containing product, with heat treatment being used in nearly all methods of BG production. Therefore, strategies to increase the SAC level in garlic are of great interest; however, further knowledge is required about the effect of processing factors and mechanistic changes. This review explains the formation of SAC in garlic, introduces its biological effects, and summarizes the recent advances in processing methods that can affect SAC levels in garlic, including heat treatment, enzymatic treatment, freezing, fermentation, ultrasonic treatment, and high hydrostatic pressure. Thus, the aim of this review was to summarize the outcomes of treatment aimed at maintaining or increasing SAC levels in BG. Therefore, publications from scientific databases in this field of study were examined. The effects of processing methods on SAC compounds were evaluated on the basis of the SAC content. This review provides information on the processing approaches that can assist food manufacturers in the development of value-added garlic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara Yudhistira
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Sebelas Maret Univeristy, Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Fuangfah Punthi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jer-An Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Chao-Kai Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Scanga R, Scalise M, Rovella F, Regina TMR, Galluccio M, Indiveri C. The Nutraceutical Alliin From Garlic Is a Novel Substrate of the Essential Amino Acid Transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:877576. [PMID: 35401172 PMCID: PMC8987110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.877576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5) is a crucial player for cell homeostasis because it is responsible for providing cells with essential amino acids and hormones. LAT1 forms a functional heterodimer with the cell surface antigen heavy chain CD98 (also known as 4F2hc and SLC3A2), a type II membrane glycoprotein, which is essential for LAT1 stability and localization to the plasma membrane. The relevance of LAT1 for human metabolism is also related to its altered expression in human diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. These features boosted research toward molecules that are able to interact with LAT1; in this respect, the recent resolution of the LAT1-CD98 3D structure by Cryo-EM has opened important perspectives in the study of the interaction with different molecules in order to identify new drugs to be used in therapy or new substrates of natural origin to be employed as adjuvants and food supplements. In this work, the interaction of LAT1 with alliin, a garlic derivative, has been investigated by using a combined approach of bioinformatics and in vitro transport assays. Alliin is a nutraceutical that has several beneficial effects on human health, such as antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The computational analysis suggested that alliin interacts with the substrate binding site of LAT1, to which alliin was docked. These data were then confirmed by the competitive type inhibition measured in proteoliposomes. Interestingly, in the same experimental model, alliin was also revealed to be a substrate of LAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Scanga
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Filomena Rovella
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Rosaria Regina
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cesare Indiveri,
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Yu Z, Ding Y, Zeng T, Zhao X, Zhang C. Hepatoprotective effect of diallyl trisulfide against lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine induced acute liver failure in mice via suppressing inflammation and apoptosis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:263-271. [PMID: 35510232 PMCID: PMC9052318 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF), characterized by the quick occurrence of disorder in liver, is a serious liver injury with extremely high mortality. Therefore, we investigated whether diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a natural product from garlic, protected against ALF in mice and studied underlying mechanisms. In the present study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 μg·kg-1)/D-galactosamine (D-gal) (500 mg·kg-1) was intraperitoneally injected to ICR mice to induce ALF. The mice were orally administered 20-, 40-, or 80-mg·kg-1 DATS) 1 h before LPS/D-gal exposure. Serum biochemical analyses and pathological study found that DATS pretreatment effectively prevented the ALF in LPS/D-gal-treated mice. Mechanistically, pretreatment of DATS inhibited the increase of the numbers of CD11b+ Kupffer cells and other macrophages in the liver, the release of tumor necrosis factor-α into the blood, and Caspase-1 activation induced by LPS/D-gal treatment in mice. Furthermore, DATS inhibited the activation of Caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and increase of TUNEL positive staining. Altogether, our findings suggest that DATS exhibits hepatoprotective effects against ALF elicited by LPS/D-gal challenge, which probably associated with anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Ding
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Cuili Zhang
- Corresponding author: Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Radwan H, Hasan H, Jaafar Z, Abbas N, Rashed Saif E, Al Kitbi M, Al Hilali M, Naja F. Diets and dietary supplements used during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates: A cross-sectional survey. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:421-432. [PMID: 35125904 PMCID: PMC8800157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Lamponi S. Bioactive Natural Compounds with Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Activity and Their Potential Role in the Treatment of Thrombotic Disorders. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101095. [PMID: 34685464 PMCID: PMC8540276 DOI: 10.3390/life11101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural anticoagulant drugs can be obtained from plants, rich in secondary bioactive metabolites which, in addition to being effective antioxidants, also possess anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties and, for this reason, can be excellent candidates for the treatment of thrombotic diseases. This review reports an overview of the hemostatic process and thrombotic disorders together with data on plants, more and less common from around the world, containing bioactive compounds characterized by antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity. The reported literature was obtained from Medline, PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Google Scholar considering only articles in the English language, published in peer-reviewed journals. The number of citations of the articles and the impact factor of the journals were other parameters used to select the scientific papers to be included in the review. The analysis of the literature data selected demonstrates that many plants’ bioactive compounds show antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity that make them potential candidates to be used as new natural compounds able to interfere with both primary and secondary hemostasis. Moreover, they could be used together with anticoagulants currently administered in clinical practice to increase their efficacy and to reduce complications in the treatment of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy and SienabioACTIVE, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Zadhoush R, Alavi-Naeini A, Feizi A, Naghshineh E, Ghazvini MR. The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on the lipid parameters and blood pressure levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6335-6342. [PMID: 34496450 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent female endocrine-related disorder in reproductive ages. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of garlic on the lipid parameters and blood pressure levels in women with PCOS. The present study was a randomized, double-blinded control trial, conducted on 80 PCOS patients. Participants were taught to intake either a total 800 mg/day garlic supplement or an identical placebo (starch) after lunch for 8 weeks. Physical activity, diet intake, anthropometric measures, and blood pressure were evaluated at baseline and end of the study. The blood sample was also taken to assess the change in outcomes of interest at the pre- and post-intervention. Garlic supplementation significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (change mean difference: -8.05, 95% CI: -15.47, -0.62) and LDL-C (change mean difference: -7.67, 95%CI: -14.64, -0.70) levels in comparison to the control group. In addition, a trend to a significant decrease was found in serum triglyceride levels and Systolic blood pressure; however, no significant difference was observed between two groups in HDL-C and diastolic blood pressure levels. The present study suggested that garlic supplementation might be effective on lipid markers improvement. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Zadhoush
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirmansour Alavi-Naeini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Naghshineh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Bhattacharya S, Paul SMN. Efficacy of phytochemicals as immunomodulators in managing COVID-19: a comprehensive view. Virusdisease 2021; 32:435-445. [PMID: 34189187 PMCID: PMC8224255 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, disease outbreaks have worked havoc upon humanity, sometimes reorienting the history and at times, signaling the end of entire civilizations and the modern pandemic that the world is dealing with, is COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2. A healthy immunity could be an ideal gear for resisting COVID-19 for neither medicines nor vaccines have been ascertained till date. In view of the present scenario, there is a demanding necessity to analyze innovative and valid techniques for forestalling and cure of COVID-19 by re-evaluating the structure of the natural compounds for drug designing. The Ayurveda has come forward by prescribing a lot of medicinal herbs for combating this dreaded disease. We have searched from sources in Pubmed and Google Scholar and found 1509 items. The search criteria were limited to the effect of phytochemicals in certain immunomodulatory aspects of viral infection. The original research papers related to the works on phytochemicals in the down regulation of NF-kB, activation of NK and CD8+ cells, inhibition of inflammatory cytokine release and ROS scavenging were included in our study. Here, we try to focus on the immunoregulatory cells which have a vital aspect in COVID-19 and highlight the potential effects of the restorative use of phytochemicals as drugs or dietary supplements. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-021-00706-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati, West Bengal 743165 India
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Vahid F, Rahmani D. Can an anti-inflammatory diet be effective in preventing or treating viral respiratory diseases? A systematic narrative review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:9-15. [PMID: 34024569 PMCID: PMC9587761 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory Viruses infections (RVI) such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus, and adenovirus affect the respiratory and the immune systems. The role of nutrition in the respiratory and immune systems has been studied in some studies, and its importance is undeniable. In addition, one of the key findings in this disease is high inflammation that affects almost all patients. This systematic narrative review aims to answer the question, "Can an anti-inflammatory diet be effective in preventing or treating viral respiratory diseases?" A systematic review search was used for the articles extraction. All studies published in English from 1999 to 2020 investigating dietary inflammatory conditions and RVI were included. Food items with anti-inflammatory properties were selected based on the definition of the dietary inflammatory index (DII). We used Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, ProQuest, EBSCO, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases for extracting articles. Keywords were restricted by DII. Based on DII, food items/nutrients are involved in inflammation, some of which have anti-inflammatory and some inflammatory properties. Some foods/nutrients, in addition to their anti-inflammatory properties, have antioxidant, antiviral, and immune-enhancing properties. Considering the immune system's involvement, increased inflammation, and involvement of the pulmonary system in RVI and the remarkable role of the anti-inflammatory foods for counteracting them, it is recommended to use a predominantly anti-inflammatory diet along with prevention/control and treatment protocols. An anti-inflammatory diet (based on DII) includes turmeric, ginger, garlic, onions, saffron, dietary vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and omega-3 are recommended to reduce infection symptoms and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Population Health Department, Public Health Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg,Corresponding author
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Heimesaat MM, Mousavi S, Weschka D, Bereswill S. Garlic Essential Oil as Promising Option for the Treatment of Acute Campylobacteriosis-Results from a Preclinical Placebo-Controlled Intervention Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061140. [PMID: 34070612 PMCID: PMC8227651 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since human infections with Campylobacter jejuni including antibiotic-resistant strains are rising worldwide, natural compounds might constitute promising antibiotics-independent treatment options for campylobacteriosis. Since the health-beneficial properties of garlic have been known for centuries, we here surveyed the antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of garlic essential oil (EO) in acute experimental campylobacteriosis. Therefore, secondary abiotic IL-10-/- mice were orally infected with C. jejuni strain 81-176 and garlic-EO treatment via the drinking water was initiated on day 2 post-infection. Mice from the garlic-EO group displayed less severe clinical signs of acute campylobacteriosis as compared to placebo counterparts that were associated with lower ileal C. jejuni burdens on day 6 post-infection. Furthermore, when compared to placebo application, garlic-EO treatment resulted in alleviated colonic epithelia cell apoptosis, in less pronounced C. jejuni induced immune cell responses in the large intestines, in dampened pro-inflammatory mediator secretion in intestinal and extra-intestinal compartments, and, finally, in less frequent translocation of viable pathogens from the intestines to distinct organs. Given its potent immune-modulatory and disease-alleviating effects as shown in our actual preclinical placebo-controlled intervention study, we conclude that garlic-EO may be considered as promising adjunct treatment option for acute campylobacteriosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M. Heimesaat
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (S.M.); Tel.: +49-30-450524318 (M.M.H); +49-30-450524315 (S.M.)
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (S.M.); Tel.: +49-30-450524318 (M.M.H); +49-30-450524315 (S.M.)
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Asgharpour M, Khavandegar A, Balaei P, Enayati N, Mardi P, Alirezaei A, Bakhtiyari M. Efficacy of Oral Administration of Allium sativum Powder "Garlic Extract" on Lipid Profile, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Indices among Hemodialysis Patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021; 2021:6667453. [PMID: 34055019 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a prominent role in the deteriorating cardiovascular risk of hemodialysis patients. Utilization of herbal remedies, especially garlic extract, in these patients has resulted in promising improvement in lipid profile, inflammation, and cardiovascular markers. Purpose In this survey, we aimed to determine the effects of oral administration of Allium sativum powder on lipid profile, inflammation, and cardiovascular markers among hemodialysis patients. Methods In this interventional double-blinded randomized crossover study, 70 patients were enrolled and assigned in two groups. Each group received 300 mg of garlic powder BID or placebo for eight weeks; after a six-week wash-out period, the agents were switched between two groups so that the group who received garlic powder in the first eight weeks received placebo for the second eight weeks, and vice versa. Venous blood samples were obtained in baseline, wash-out period, and at the end of study. Following obtaining laboratory data, BUN, creatinine, Na, K, Ca, Ph, homocysteine, and lipid profile were compared. Results No significant differences were shown at baselines of outcomes between the garlic and placebo group (p value>0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in absolute values of OXLDL (mean placebo = 979.63, mean garlic = 676.54; p value<0.001) and HCY (mean placebo = 36.54, mean garlic = 27.78; p value<0.001). In addition, significant treatment differences were seen in change values of Ca (placebo = 1.17, garlic = 0.21; p value = 0.006), TG (placebo = −6.71, garlic = -24.14; p value = 0.014), OXLDL (placebo = −281.30, garlic = -699.78; p value<0.001), and HCY (placebo = −0.24, garlic = −6.68; p value<0.001). Conclusion In this study, Allium sativum powder demonstrated efficacy in lipid profile improvement and renal protective effects among hemodialysis patients.
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Forma A, Chilimoniuk Z, Januszewski J, Sitarz R. The Potential Application of Allium Extracts in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Gastroenterology Insights 2021; 12:136-46. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent12020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine is currently widely practiced, since natural resources are reported to alleviate side effects during oncological treatment while modifying cancer cell responses at the same time. Allium vegetables and their constituents have recently been extensively investigated due to the numerous possible beneficial properties, establishing them as an additional treatment modality in different cancers. According to the epidemiological evidence, as well as many in vivo and in vitro studies, the abovementioned substances seem to be effective in the prevention and inhibition of the progression of carcinogenesis. Due to high concentrations of organosulfur compounds, which exhibit anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, as well as anti-inflammatory properties, Allium constituents are believed to constitute a promising prevention and supportive therapy for oncological patients. Besides, it was demonstrated that a combination of Allium extracts with chemotherapy provided satisfactory clinical outcomes while at the same time being cost-effective. The aim of this review was to present and discuss currently investigated Allium extracts and their effects on several gastrointestinal cancers including gastric, colon, liver, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer.
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Corvino A, Frecentese F, Magli E, Perissutti E, Santagada V, Scognamiglio A, Caliendo G, Fiorino F, Severino B. Trends in H 2S-Donors Chemistry and Their Effects in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:429. [PMID: 33799669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter recently emerged as an important regulatory mediator of numerous human cell functions in health and in disease. In fact, much evidence has suggested that hydrogen sulfide plays a significant role in many physio-pathological processes, such as inflammation, oxidation, neurophysiology, ion channels regulation, cardiovascular protection, endocrine regulation, and tumor progression. Considering the plethora of physiological effects of this gasotransmitter, the protective role of H2S donors in different disease models has been extensively studied. Based on the growing interest in H2S-releasing compounds and their importance as tools for biological and pharmacological studies, this review is an exploration of currently available H2S donors, classifying them by the H2S-releasing-triggered mechanism and highlighting those potentially useful as promising drugs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Zhang B, Zheng Z, Liu N, Liu P, Qiu Z, Qiao X. Effect of different combined mechanical and thermal treatments on the quality characteristics of garlic paste. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:1061-1071. [PMID: 33678889 PMCID: PMC7884543 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the sequence of different thermal and mechanical treatments on the physicochemical parameters and microstructure of garlic paste, in order to improve the quality of the product. The total organosulfur compounds (OSCs) decreased steadily in blended-heated garlic, whereas OSCs decreased sharply after 2 min at 75 °C or 5 min at 85 and 95 °C in heated-blended garlic. After blanching for 5 min, allicin could maintain over 4.0 mg/g only at 75 °C; and OSCs of heated-blended garlic paste were found to drop by 29.56%, 90.63% and 94.79% at 75, 85 and 95 °C, respectively. In blended-heated garlic, the color values of L* (lightness) and a* (redness) decreased (P < 0.05), while the b* (yellowness) and C* (chroma) increased (P < 0.05), obtaining green discoloration garlic paste. The total color differences of blended-heated samples were greater than 12.08, which were 2-6 folds higher compared with heated-blended garlic. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity decreased (P < 0.05) in all thermal treatments, thermal treatment of heated-blended garlic less than 5 min maintained over 30% of antiradical activity. The sequence of unit operations determined the pattern of garlic microstructure disruption, resulting in various enzymic and non-enzymic reactions. Our results indicated that use of heat treatment prior to blend processing is an effective and feasible method to inhibit garlic discoloration and retain high content of bioactive OSCs. It is recommended that garlic paste be prepared using heated-blended processing, with thermal processing limited to 75 °C for less than 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Liu
- Linyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhichang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
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Ansari IA, Ahmad A, Imran MA, Saeed M, Ahmad I. Organosulphur Compounds Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Cervical Cancer Cells via Downregulation of HPV E6 and E7 Oncogenes. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:393-405. [PMID: 32819236 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620999200818154456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quest for strong, safe and cost-effective natural antiproliferative agents that could reduce cancer has been the focus now a days. In this regard, the organosulfur compounds from garlic (Allium sativum L.), like Diallyl Sulfide (DAS) and Diallyl Disulfide (DADS), have been shown to exhibit potent antiproliferative and anticancer properties in many studies. However, the potential of these compounds against viral oncoproteins in cervical cancer has not been fully elucidated yet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the antiproliferative and apoptotic properties of DADS and DAS in HPV16+ human cervical cancer Caski cell line. METHODS Caski (cervical cancer cells) were cultured and followed by the treatment of various concentrations of organosulphur compounds (DADS and DAS), cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The apoptotic assay was performed by DAPI and Hoechst3342 staining. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was estimated by DCFDA staining protocol. The distributions of cell cycle and apoptosis (FITC-Annexin V assay) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, gene expression analysis was performed via quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS Our results showed that DAS and DADS exerted a significant antiproliferative effect on Caski cells by reducing the cell viability and inducing a dose-related increment in intracellular ROS production along with apoptosis in Caski cells. DAS and DADS also induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, which was supported by the downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4 and upregulation of CDK inhibitors p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 in Caski cells. Additionally, DAS and DADS lead to the downregulation of viral oncogene E6 and E7 and restoration of p53 function. CONCLUSION Thus, this study confirms the efficacy of both the organosulfur compounds DADS and DAS against cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Afza Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohammad A Imran
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Abe K, Myoda T, Nojima S. Identification and Characterization of Sulfur Heterocyclic Compounds That Contribute to the Acidic Odor of Aged Garlic Extract. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:1020-1026. [PMID: 33448852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aroma of aged garlic extract (AGE) has been recently characterized as a complexity of seasoning-like, metallic, fatty, and acidic notes; most of the important aroma compounds were identified in a previous study. Besides the 25 previously identified aromas of AGE, several of the odor compounds that contribute to the acidic notes were isolated and identified using various analytical techniques, including gas chromatography coupled with an olfactometry monitoring system (GC-O), accurate and high-performance preparative GC system, GC-MS analysis, and sensory evaluation. The identified aromas include: 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dithiolane, 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-dithiane, and 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiane. Interestingly, AGE contains all stereoscopic isomers of each of these components. An aroma recombinant composed of the newly identified acidic odors with other key odorants showed good agreement with the aroma of AGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Abe
- Laboratory of Aroma Chemistry, Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri City, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
- Healthcare Research and Development Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Kodacho, Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Takao Myoda
- Laboratory of Aroma Chemistry, Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri City, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Laboratory of Aroma Chemistry, Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri City, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
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Kaur R, Tiwari A, Manish M, Maurya IK, Bhatnagar R, Singh S. Common garlic (Allium sativum L.) has potent Anti-Bacillus anthracis activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 264:113230. [PMID: 32853741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastrointestinal anthrax, a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, remains an important but relatively neglected endemic disease of animals and humans in remote areas of the Indian subcontinent and some parts of Africa. Its initial symptoms include diarrhea and stomachache. In the current study, several common plants indicated for diarrhea, dysentery, stomachache or as stomachic as per traditional knowledge in the Indian subcontinent, i.e., Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (Bael), Allium cepa L. (Onion), Allium sativum L. (Garlic), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem), Berberis asiatica Roxb. ex DC. (Daruharidra), Coriandrum sativum L. (Coriander), Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric), Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Bermuda grass), Mangifera indica L. (Mango), Morus indica L. (Black mulberry), Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Ocimum sanctum L., Holy Basil), Ocimum gratissimum L. (Ram Tulsi), Psidium guajava L. (Guava), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger), were evaluated for their anti-Bacillus anthracis property. The usage of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Curcuma longa L. by Santals (India), and Allium sp. by biblical people to alleviate anthrax-like symptoms is well documented, but the usage of other plants is traditionally only indicated for different gastrointestinal disturbances/conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluate the above listed commonly available edible plants from the Indian subcontinent that are used in the traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal diseases including those also indicated for anthrax-like symptoms for the presence of potent anti-B. anthracis activity in a form amenable to use by the general population in the endemic areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extracts made from fourteen plants indicated above were screened for their anti-B. anthracis activity using agar-well diffusion assay (AWDA) and broth microdilution methods. The Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) that displayed most potent anti-B. anthracis activity was assessed for its thermostability, stability under pH extremes encountered in the gastrointestinal tract, and potential antagonistic interaction with bile salts as well as the FDA-approved antibiotics used for anthrax control. The bioactive fractions from the AGE were isolated by TLC coupled bioautography followed by their characterization using GC-MS. RESULTS Garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract was identified as the most promising candidate with bactericidal activity against B. anthracis. It consistently inhibited the growth of B. anthracis in AWDA and decreased the viable colony-forming unit counts in liquid-broth cultures by 6-logs within 6-12 h. The AGE displayed acceptable thermostability (>80% anti-B. anthracis activity retained on incubation at 50 °C for 12 h) and stability in gastric pH range (2-8). It did not antagonize the activity of FDA-approved antibiotics used for anthrax control. GC-MS analysis of the TLC separated bioactive fractions of AGE indicated the presence of previously unreported constituents such as phthalic acid derivatives, acid esters, phenyl group-containing compounds, steroids etc. CONCLUSION: The Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) displayed potent anti-B. anthracis activity. It was better than that displayed by Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) and Mangifera indica L., while Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric) did not show any activity under the assay conditions used. Further work should be undertaken to explore the possible application of AGE in preventing anthrax incidences in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Atul Tiwari
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Manish Manish
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Indresh K Maurya
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Samer Singh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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De Greef D, Barton EM, Sandberg EN, Croley CR, Pumarol J, Wong TL, Das N, Bishayee A. Anticancer potential of garlic and its bioactive constituents: A systematic and comprehensive review. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:219-264. [PMID: 33301861 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables of the Allium genus, such as garlic (Allium sativum L.), onions, shallots, leaks, and chives, have been used for many years for food consumption and for medicinal purposes. Historical medical texts have indicated the therapeutic applications of garlic as an antitumor, laxative, diuretic, antibacterial and antifungal agent. Specifically, garlic's antitumor abilities have been traced back 3500 years as a chemotherapeutic agent used in Egypt. Other beneficial effects of garlic consumption include lowering blood pressure, blood cholesterol, sugar and lipids. The processing and aging of garlic result in the production of non-toxic organosulfur by-products. These sulfur-containing compounds, such as allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, alliin, S-allylcysteine, and S-allylmercaptocysteine, impact various stages of carcinogenesis. The anticancer mechanisms of action of these garlic-derived phytochemicals include altering mitochondrial permeability, inhibiting angiogenesis, enhancing antioxidative and proapoptotic properties, and regulating cell proliferation. All these effects of garlic's sulfur-compounds have been demonstrated in various human cancers. The intent of this literature research is to explore the potential of garlic-derived products and bioactive organosulfur compounds as cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. This investigation employs criteria for systematic review and critically analyzes published in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Concerns and limitations that have arisen in past studies regarding standards of measurement, bioavailability, and method of delivery are addressed. Overall, it is hoped that through this systematic and comprehensive review, future researchers can be acquainted with the updated data assembled on anticancer properties of garlic and its phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M Barton
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Elise N Sandberg
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | | | - Joshua Pumarol
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Tin Lok Wong
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799 155, Tripura, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Yang F, Zhang Y, Tariq A, Jiang X, Ahmed Z, Zhihao Z, Idrees M, Azizullah A, Adnan M, Bussmann RW. Food as medicine: A possible preventive measure against coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Phytother Res 2020; 34:3124-3136. [PMID: 32468635 PMCID: PMC7283886 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent and ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is a huge global challenge. The outbreak, which first occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and then rapidly spread to other provinces and to more than 200 countries abroad, has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Those with compromised immune systems and/or existing respiratory, metabolic or cardiac problems are more susceptible to the infection and are at higher risk of serious illness or even death. The present review was designed to report important functional food plants with immunomodulatory and anti‐viral properties. Data on medicinal food plants were retrieved and downloaded from English‐language journals using online search engines. The functional food plants herein documented might not only enhance the immune system and cure respiratory tract infections but can also greatly impact the overall health of the general public. As many people in the world are now confined to their homes, inclusion of these easily accessible plants in the daily diet may help to strengthen the immune system and guard against infection by SARS‐CoV‐2. This might reduce the risk of COVID‐19 and initiate a rapid recovery in cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- The Medical Center of General Practice, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Medical Center of General Practice and Nephrology Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Akash Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Cele, Xinjiang, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Jiang
- The Medical Center of General Practice, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Cele, Xinjiang, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Zhihao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Cele, Xinjiang, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botanical Studies and Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botanical Studies and Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Ansary J, Forbes-Hernández TY, Gil E, Cianciosi D, Zhang J, Elexpuru-Zabaleta M, Simal-Gandara J, Giampieri F, Battino M. Potential Health Benefit of Garlic Based on Human Intervention Studies: A Brief Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E619. [PMID: 32679751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic is a polyphenolic and organosulfur enriched nutraceutical spice consumed since ancient times. Garlic and its secondary metabolites have shown excellent health-promoting and disease-preventing effects on many human common diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, blood pressure, and diabetes, through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties, as demonstrated in several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the consumption of garlic, garlic preparation, garlic extract, and garlic extract-derived bioactive constituents on oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, skin, bone, and other common diseases. Among the 83 human interventional trials considered, the consumption of garlic has been reported to modulate multiple biomarkers of different diseases; in addition, its combination with drugs or other food matrices has been shown to be safe and to prolong their therapeutic effects. The rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability that have limited the therapeutic use of garlic in the last years are also discussed.
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Zhang Y, Wang G, Kong Y, Xu H, Xiao B, Liu Y, Zhou H. A comparative analysis of the essential oils from two species of garlic seedlings cultivated in China: chemical profile and anticoagulant potential. Food Funct 2020; 11:6020-6027. [PMID: 32697212 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Garlic seedlings (GS) and blanched garlic seedlings (BGS) are two kinds of common garlic-derived vegetables in China, but little information is available on their bioactive constituents. In this work, chemical profiles and anticoagulant activities of essential oils from GS (EOGS) and BGS (EOBGS) were disclosed and compared for the first time. Sixteen and fourteen volatile compounds were identified in EOGS and EOBGS by GC-MS analysis, and both of them were rich in sulfur-containing compounds, particularly diallyl sulfides accounting for 74.77% and 85.87%, respectively. EOGS and EOBGS exerted anticoagulant activities via intrinsic, extrinsic, and common coagulation pathways as well as by lowering the content of fibrinogen; EOGS exceeded EOBGS in the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways, while EOBGS outperformed EOGS on the activation of the common coagulation pathway, which was even superior to that of heparin at the same dose. Herein, the results of the present investigation will give a strong clue that EOGS and EOBGS are more likely to lead to a promising way to vegetable-based anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
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37
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Moosavian SP, Paknahad Z, Habibagahi Z. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, evaluating the garlic supplement effects on some serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, and quality of life in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13498. [PMID: 32159257 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a prevalent immune-inflammatory disease, which is associated with disabling pain. Oxidative stress might play a role in RA pathogenesis and outcomes. According to the antioxidant properties of garlic, the current study was performed to evaluate the garlic supplement effects on some serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Seventy women with RA participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design trial. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, receiving two tablets of either 500 mg garlic or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and quality of life were determined at baseline and end of week 8. A health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) was used to evaluate the quality of life related to health. RESULTS Of 70 patients enrolled in the trial, 62 subjects were included in the final analysis. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in serum levels of TAC in the garlic group as compared with the placebo group (26.58 ± 77.30 nmol of Trolox equivalent/ml vs 16.11 ± 0.92 nmol of Trolox equivalent/mL; P = .026). In addition, MDA levels were significantly decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group (-0.82 ± 1.99 nmol/mL vs 0.36 ± 2.57 nmol/mL; P = .032). Pain after activity and HAQ scores decreased in the garlic group compared with the placebo (-11.96 ± 13.43 mm vs -0.06 ± 13.41 mm; P < .001, 0.17 ± 20 vs 0.05 ± 0.15; P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that garlic supplementation for 8 weeks resulted in significant improvements in oxidative stress, HAQ in women with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zamzam Paknahad
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Habibagahi
- Department of Rheumatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Moosavian SP, Paknahad Z, Habibagahi Z, Maracy M. The effects of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, fatigue, and clinical symptoms in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2953-2962. [PMID: 32478922 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on the antiinflammatory properties of garlic, current study was conducted to evaluate the garlic supplement effects on serum levels of some inflammatory biomarkers, clinical symptoms, and fatigue in women with active rheumatoid arthritis. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study, 70 women with RA were randomly divided into two groups: The intervention group was supplemented with 1,000 mg of garlic, and the control group received placebo for 8 weeks. At baseline and at the end of the study, clinical symptoms, fatigue, serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined. After intervention, serum levels of CRP (p = .018) and TNF-a (p < .001) decreased significantly in the garlic group as compared with the placebo group. Also, pain intensity, tender joint count, disease activity score (DAS-28), and fatigue were significantly decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group (p < .001; for all). Swollen joint count was significantly decreased in the garlic group (p < .001), but not in the placebo group (p = .123). No significant changes were observed for ESR. Garlic supplementation by improving inflammatory mediators and clinical symptoms can be considered as a potential adjunct treatment in patients with RA. However, further studies with larger duration are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zamzam Paknahad
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Habibagahi
- Department of Rheumatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Maracy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Abe K, Hori Y, Myoda T. Characterization of key aroma compounds in aged garlic extract. Food Chem 2020; 312:126081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Moosavian SP, Arab A, Paknahad Z, Moradi S. The effects of garlic supplementation on oxidative stress markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 50:102385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Perez-Ortiz JM, Galan-Moya EM, de la Cruz-Morcillo MA, Rodriguez JF, Gracia I, Garcia MT, Redondo-Calvo FJ. Cost Effective Use of a Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract in Combination with Chemotherapy in Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2766. [PMID: 32316312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we sought to investigate the effects of a thiosulfinate-enriched garlic extract, co-administered with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or oxaliplatin chemotherapy, on the viability of colon cancer cells (Caco-2 and HT-29). We also addressed the economic feasibility of a new combined treatment of this thiosulfinate-enriched garlic extract, with oxaliplatin that could reduce the dosage and costs of a monotherapy. The thiosulfinate-enriched garlic extract not only enhanced the impact of 5-FU and oxaliplatin (500 µM) in decreasing Caco-2 and HT-29 viability, but also showed a higher effect than standard 5-FU and oxaliplatin chemotherapy as anti-cancer agents. These results provided evidences for the combination of lyophilized garlic extract and 5-FU or oxaliplatin as a novel chemotherapy regimen in colon cancer cells that may also reduce the clinical therapy costs.
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Hsieh DJ, Ng SC, Zeng RY, Padma VV, Huang CY, Kuo WW. Diallyl Trisulfide (DATS) Suppresses AGE-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis by Targeting ROS-Mediated PKCδ Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2608. [PMID: 32283691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic high-glucose exposure results in the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which contributes to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. PKCδ activation leading to ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction involved in AGE-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was reported in our previous study. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a natural cytoprotective compound under various stress conditions. In this study, the cardioprotective effect of DATS against rat streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mellitus (DM) and AGE-induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell/neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM) damage was assessed. We observed that DATS treatment led to a dose-dependent increase in cell viability and decreased levels of ROS, inhibition of PKCδ activation, and recuded apoptosis-related proteins. Most importantly, DATS reduced PKCδ mitochondrial translocation induced by AGE. However, apoptosis was not inhibited by DATS in cells transfected with PKCδ-wild type (WT). Inhibition of PKCδ by PKCδ-kinase-deficient (KD) or rottlerin not only inhibited cardiac PKCδ activation but also attenuated cardiac cell apoptosis. Interestingly, overexpression of PKCδ-WT plasmids reversed the inhibitory effects of DATS on PKCδ activation and apoptosis in cardiac cells exposed to AGE, indicating that DATS may inhibit AGE-induced apoptosis by downregulating PKCδ activation. Similar results were observed in AGE-induced NRVM cells and STZ-treated DM rats following DATS administration. Taken together, our results suggested that DATS reduced AGE-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by eliminating ROS and downstream PKCδ signaling, suggesting that DATS has potential in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) treatment.
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El-Saber Batiha G, Magdy Beshbishy A, G. Wasef L, Elewa YHA, A. Al-Sagan A, Abd El-Hack ME, Taha AE, M. Abd-Elhakim Y, Prasad Devkota H. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.): A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E872. [PMID: 32213941 PMCID: PMC7146530 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used from ancient times for human healthcare as in the form of traditional medicines, spices, and other food components. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an aromatic herbaceous plant that is consumed worldwide as food and traditional remedy for various diseases. It has been reported to possess several biological properties including anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, renoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antihypertensive activities in traditional medicines. A. sativum is rich in several sulfur-containing phytoconstituents such as alliin, allicin, ajoenes, vinyldithiins, and flavonoids such as quercetin. Extracts and isolated compounds of A. sativum have been evaluated for various biological activities including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities among others. This review examines the phytochemical composition, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological activities of A. sativum extracts as well as its main active constituent, allicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Lamiaa G. Wasef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
| | - Yaser H. A. Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Sagan
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Ayman E. Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22578, Egypt;
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan;
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Panjeshahin A, Mollahosseini M, Panbehkar‐Jouybari M, Kaviani M, Mirzavandi F, Hosseinzadeh M. Effects of garlic supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1947-1955. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Panjeshahin
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Mehdi Mollahosseini
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Monireh Panbehkar‐Jouybari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- Faculty of Pure & Applied Science, School of Nutrition and DieteticsAcadia University Wolfville Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Farhang Mirzavandi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
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Zaorska E, Tomasova L, Koszelewski D, Ostaszewski R, Ufnal M. Hydrogen Sulfide in Pharmacotherapy, Beyond the Hydrogen Sulfide-Donors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020323. [PMID: 32085474 PMCID: PMC7072623 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the important biological mediators involved in physiological and pathological processes in mammals. Recently developed H2S donors show promising effects against several pathological processes in preclinical and early clinical studies. For example, H2S donors have been found to be effective in the prevention of gastrointestinal ulcers during anti-inflammatory treatment. Notably, there are well-established medicines used for the treatment of a variety of diseases, whose chemical structure contains sulfur moieties and may release H2S. Hence, the therapeutic effect of these drugs may be partly the result of the release of H2S occurring during drug metabolism and/or the effect of these drugs on the production of endogenous hydrogen sulfide. In this work, we review data regarding sulfur drugs commonly used in clinical practice that can support the hypothesis about H2S-dependent pharmacotherapeutic effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Zaorska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Lenka Tomasova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-116-6195
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46
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Jo YM, Seo H, Kim GY, Cheon SW, Kim SA, Park TS, Hurh BS, Han NS. Lactobacillus pentosus SMB718 as a probiotic starter producing allyl mercaptan in garlic and onion-enriched fermentation. Food Funct 2020; 11:10913-10924. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus pentosus SMB718 has the properties of being a beneficial probiotic for human health and is a desirable starter for better flavor in fermented allium species plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Jo
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry
- Division of Animal
- Horticultural
- and Food Sciences
- Chungbuk National University
| | - Hee Seo
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry
- Division of Animal
- Horticultural
- and Food Sciences
- Chungbuk National University
| | - Ga Yun Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry
- Division of Animal
- Horticultural
- and Food Sciences
- Chungbuk National University
| | - Seong Won Cheon
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry
- Division of Animal
- Horticultural
- and Food Sciences
- Chungbuk National University
| | - Seul-Ah Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry
- Division of Animal
- Horticultural
- and Food Sciences
- Chungbuk National University
| | - Tae Soon Park
- Sempio Fermentation Research Center
- Sempio Foods Company
- Cheongju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Serk Hurh
- Sempio Fermentation Research Center
- Sempio Foods Company
- Cheongju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry
- Division of Animal
- Horticultural
- and Food Sciences
- Chungbuk National University
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Li M, Wang S, Li X, Wang Q, Liu Z, Yu T, Kou R, Xie K. Inhibitory effects of diallyl sulfide on the activation of Kupffer cell in lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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48
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Amin G, Shaker Ardakani Z, Jafariazar Z, Vosoogh S, Shariat M, Haghollahi F, Afshar S. The Effect of Garlic Capsule on the Prevention of Preeclampsia in High-risk Turkmen Pregnant Women. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019; 15. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.60484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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49
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Yue LJ, Zhu XY, Li RS, Chang HJ, Gong B, Tian CC, Liu C, Xue YX, Zhou Q, Xu TS, Wang DJ. S‑allyl‑cysteine sulfoxide (alliin) alleviates myocardial infarction by modulating cardiomyocyte necroptosis and autophagy. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1943-1951. [PMID: 31573046 PMCID: PMC6777694 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
S-allyl-cysteine sulfoxide (alliin) is the main organosulfur component of garlic and its preparations. The present study aimed to examine the protective effect of alliin on cardiac function and the underlying mechanism in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). Notably, alliin treatment preserved heart function, attenuated the area of infarction in the myocardium of mice and reduced lesions in the myocardium, including cardiomyocyte fibrosis and death. Further mechanistic experiments revealed that alliin inhibited necroptosis but promoted autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability assays showed that alliin dose-dependently reduced the necroptotic index and inhibited the expression of necroptosis-related receptor-interacting protein 1, receptor-interacting protein 3 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2, whereas the levels of Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, which are associated with autophagy, exhibited an opposite trend upon treatment with alliin. In addition, the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was increased by alliin. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that alliin has the potential to protect cardiomyocytes from necroptosis following MI and that this protective effect occurs via the enhancement of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yu Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Sha Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jing Chang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Chong-Chong Tian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Xing Xue
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Shu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Jin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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50
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Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Valadez-Vega MDC, Álvarez-González I, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán E. Garlic ( Allium sativum L.): A Brief Review of Its Antigenotoxic Effects. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080343. [PMID: 31412555 PMCID: PMC6722787 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Medicine/Complementary and Alternative Medicine is a practice that incorporates medicine based on plants, animals, and minerals for diagnosing, treating, and preventing certain diseases, including chronic degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Different factors generate its continued acceptance, highlighting its diversity, easy access, low cost, and the presence of relatively few adverse effects and, importantly, a high possibility of discovering antigenotoxic agents. In this regard, it is known that the use of different antigenotoxic agents is an efficient alternative to preventing human cancer and that, in general, these can act by means of a combination of various mechanisms of action and against one or various mutagens and/or carcinogens. Therefore, it is relevant to confirm its usefulness, efficacy, and its spectrum of action through different assays. With this in mind, the present manuscript has as its objective the compilation of different investigations carried out with garlic that have demonstrated its genoprotective capacity, and that have been evaluated by means of five of the most outstanding tests (Ames test, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus, and comet assay). Thus, we intend to provide information and bibliographic support to investigators in order for them to broaden their studies on the antigenotoxic spectrum of action of this perennial plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas", Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico
| | - Jeannett A Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico
| | - María Del Carmen Valadez-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas", Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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