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Hu H, Hu L, Deng Z, Jiang Q. A prognostic nomogram for recurrence survival in post-surgical patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5486. [PMID: 38448552 PMCID: PMC10918178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Varicose veins of the lower extremities (VVLEs) are prevalent globally. This study aims to identify prognostic factors and develop a prediction model for recurrence survival (RS) in VVLEs patients after surgery. A retrospective analysis of VVLEs patients from the Third Hospital of Nanchang was conducted between April 2017 and March 2022. A LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) regression model pinpointed significant recurrence predictors, culminating in a prognostic nomogram. The model's performance was evaluated by C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The LASSO regression identified seven predictors for the nomogram predicting 1-, 2-, and 5-year RS. These predictors were age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, the Clinical Etiological Anatomical Pathophysiological (CEAP) grade, iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS), and postoperative compression stocking duration (PCSD). The nomogram's C-index was 0.716, with AUCs (Area Under the Curve scores) of 0.705, 0.725, and 0.758 for 1-, 2-, and 5-year RS, respectively. Calibration and decision curve analyses validated the model's predictive accuracy and clinical utility. Kaplan-Meier analysis distinguished between low and high-risk groups with significant prognostic differences (P < 0.05). This study has successfully developed and validated a nomogram for predicting RS in patients with VVLEs after surgery, enhancing personalized care and informing clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No. 2, Xiangshan South Road, Xihu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of pediatrics, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziqing Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No. 2, Xiangshan South Road, Xihu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qihua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No. 2, Xiangshan South Road, Xihu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China.
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2
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Strickland JM, de Campos JL, Jeff G, Mavangira V, Ruegg PL, Sordillo L. A randomized control trial to test the effect of pegbovigrastim treatment at dry off on plasma and milk oxylipid profiles during early mammary gland involution and post-parturient period. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00019-5. [PMID: 38246537 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The early period of mammary gland involution is a critical juncture in the lactation cycle that can have significant effects on milk production and mammary gland health. Pegbovigrastim (PEG) administered 1 wk prior and on the day of parturition can enhance immune function and reduce the incidence of mastitis in the early postpartum period. Oxylipids are potent metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and are important mediators of inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of PEG given 1 wk before and at the day of dry-off (D0) on concentrations of oxylipids in plasma and milk from 7 d before D0 to 14 after, as well as the effects during the first 14 d of the subsequent lactation. We hypothesized that both pro- and anti-inflammatory oxylipids would vary based on initiation of mammary gland involution and that pegbovigrastim would affect oxylipid concentration, particularly those related to leukocytes. A complete randomized blocked design was used to enroll cows into either a PEG treatment group (n = 10) or control group (n = 10; CON). Blood samples were collected -7, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 d relative to dry-off and 5, 10, and 14 d post-calving. Samples were analyzed for PUFA and oxylipids in milk and plasma by ultra-performance mass-spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry, respectively. Overall, 30 lipid mediators were measured both in milk and plasma. Repeated measures analyses revealed a significant interaction of treatment by time for milk 8-iso-keto-15-prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, plasma 8,12-iso-prostaglandin FαVI, 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 12-hydroxyheptadecatienoic acid. The majority of milk PUFA and oxylipids differed significantly during early mammary gland involution and into the early postpartum period. This study demonstrated changes in oxylipids in milk secretions and plasma during early involution and further investigation may illuminate multiple complex processes and reveal targets for optimization of mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie M Strickland
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
| | - Juliana Leite de Campos
- Michigan State University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Animal Science, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Gandy Jeff
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Pamela L Ruegg
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Lorraine Sordillo
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824
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Chaisri W, Suebsakwong P, Pandith H, Panya A, Taynawa K, Pikulkaew S, Suriyasathaporn W, Okonogi S, Khonkarn R. Effects of Encapsulation of Caesalpinia sappan L. with Cyclodextrins for Bovine Mastitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:230. [PMID: 37964017 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The main components of Caesalpinia sappan L. (CS) are brazilin and brazilein, which show high potential in pharmacologic applications. However, these have been drastically limited by the poor water solubility and stability. The present study investigates the formation of inclusion complexes F1, F2, and F3 between CS and β-cyclodextrin (βCD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), respectively. These complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the highest encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of CS extract were 44.24% and 9.67%, respectively. The solubility and stability of CS extract were significantly increased through complexation in phase solubility and stability studies. The complexes F1-F3 showed mainly significant antibacterial activities on gram-positive bacteria pathogens causing mastitis. Moreover, the expression levels of COX-2 and iNOS were significantly decreased in LPS-induced inflammatory cells at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL. In addition, treatment of complex F3 (CS/MβCD) in bovine endothelial cells remarkably increased the chemokine gene expression of CXCL3 and CXCL8, which were responsible for immune cell recruitment (9.92 to 11.17 and 8.23 to 9.51-fold relative to that of the LPS-treated group, respectively). This study provides a complete characterization of inclusion complexes between CS extract and βCD, HPβCD, and MβCD for the first time, highlighting the impact of complex formation on the pharmacologic activities of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasana Chaisri
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Parichat Suebsakwong
- Center of Excellent in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Hataichanok Pandith
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Kraisorn Taynawa
- Center of Excellent in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Witaya Suriyasathaporn
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cambodia Campus, Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Center of Excellent in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ruttiros Khonkarn
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellent in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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4
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Bao L, Sun H, Zhao Y, Feng L, Wu K, Shang S, Xu J, Shan R, Duan S, Qiu M, Zhang N, Hu X, Zhao C, Fu Y. Hexadecanamide alleviates Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses and restoring blood-milk barrier integrity. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011764. [PMID: 37948460 PMCID: PMC10664928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has been demonstrated to promote the development of mastitis, one of the most serious diseases in dairy farming worldwide, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Using untargeted metabolomics, we found hexadecanamide (HEX) was significantly reduced in rumen fluid and milk from cows with SARA-associated mastitis. Herein, we aimed to assess the protective role of HEX in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)- and SARA-induced mastitis and the underlying mechanism. We showed that HEX ameliorated S. aureus-induced mastitis in mice, which was related to the suppression of mammary inflammatory responses and repair of the blood-milk barrier. In vitro, HEX depressed S. aureus-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway and improved barrier integrity in mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs). In detail, HEX activated PPARα, which upregulated SIRT1 and subsequently inhibited NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. In addition, ruminal microbiota transplantation from SARA cows (S-RMT) caused mastitis and aggravated S. aureus-induced mastitis, while these changes were reversed by HEX. Our findings indicate that HEX effectively attenuates S. aureus- and SARA-induced mastitis by limiting inflammation and repairing barrier integrity, ultimately highlighting the important role of host or microbiota metabolism in the pathogenesis of mastitis and providing a potential strategy for mastitis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Bao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lianjun Feng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Keyi Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shan Shang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruping Shan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shiyu Duan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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5
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Wang M, Bissonnette N, Laterrière M, Dudemaine PL, Gagné D, Roy JP, Sirard MA, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Gene co-expression in response to Staphylococcus aureus infection reveals networks of genes with specific functions during bovine subclinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5517-5536. [PMID: 37291036 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent contagious bacterial pathogen of bovine mastitis. The subclinical mastitis it causes has long-term economic implications and it is difficult to control. To further understanding of the genetic basis of mammary gland defense against S. aureus infection, the transcriptomes of milk somatic cells from 15 cows with persistent natural S. aureus infection (S. aureus-positive, SAP) and 10 healthy control cows (HC) were studied by deep RNA-sequencing technology. Comparing the transcriptomes of SAP to HC group revealed 4,077 differentially expressed genes (DEG; 1,616 up- and 2,461 downregulated). Functional annotation indicated enrichment of DEG in 94 Gene Ontology (GO) and 47 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Terms related to the immune response and disease processes were mostly enriched for by upregulated DEG, whereas biological process terms related to cell adhesion, cell movement and localization, and tissue development were mostly enriched for by downregulated DEG. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis grouped DEG into 7 modules, the most important module (colored turquoise by software and here referred to as Turquoise module) was positively significantly correlated with S. aureus subclinical mastitis. The 1,546 genes in the Turquoise module were significantly enriched in 48 GO terms and 72 KEGG pathways, with 80% of them being disease- and immune-related terms [e.g., immune system process (GO:0002376), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (bta04060) and S. aureus infection (bta05150)]. Some DEG such as IFNG, IL18, IL1B, NFKB1, CXCL8, and IL12B were enriched in immune and disease pathways suggesting their possible involvement in the regulation of the host response to S. aureus infection. Four modules (Yellow, Brown, Blue, and Red) were negatively correlated (significantly) with S. aureus subclinical mastitis, and were enriched in functional annotations involved in the regulation of cell migration, cell communication, metabolic process, and blood circulatory system development, respectively. Application of sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis to genes of the Turquoise module identified 5 genes (NR2F6, PDLIM5, RAB11FIP5, ACOT4, and TMEM53) capable of explaining the majority of the differences in the expression patterns between SAP and HC cows. In conclusion, this study has furthered understanding of the genetic changes in the mammary gland and the molecular mechanisms underlying S. aureus mastitis, as well as revealed a list of candidate discriminant genes with potential regulatory roles in response to S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1MOC8, Canada; Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1MOC8, Canada
| | - Mario Laterrière
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1MOC8, Canada
| | - David Gagné
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1MOC8, Canada.
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6
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Shen P, Yu J, Yan C, Yang D, Tong C, Wang X. Analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells treated with lipoteichoic acid. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:463-474. [PMID: 35997417 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle and can be caused by physical stress, chemicals and microbial infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogens that induce mastitis in dairy cattle. In this study, bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were treated either with lipoteichoic acid (LTA, 30 µg/ml) or 1 × phosphate-buffer saline (PBS, control) and RNA-Seq was applied to explore the effect of LTA on the expression microRNAs (miRNAs) in BMECs. Compared to the control group, 43 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated and eight miRNAs were significantly down-regulated. Additionally, 724 genes were significantly up-regulated and 13 genes were significantly down-regulated in LTA group relative to the control group. Bta-miR-196a, bta-miR-2285aj-5p, bta-miR-143, bta-miR-2433, bta-miR-2284f and bta-miR-2368-3p were selected from 51 differentially expressed miRNAs and are discussed in this manuscript. Target gene prediction revealed that the target genes of these six miRNAs were all differentially expressed, including MT1E, SPDYA, FGL1, TLR2, PAPOLG, ZDHHC17 and SMC4. Subsequently, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the target genes with differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Therefore, the results of this study provided new evidences for the molecular mechanism of LTA-induced mastitis, which may provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxiu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingcheng Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenbo Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dexin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinzhuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Che HY, Zhou CH, Lyu CC, Meng Y, He YT, Wang HQ, Wu HY, Zhang JB, Yuan B. Allicin Alleviated LPS-Induced Mastitis via the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043805. [PMID: 36835218 PMCID: PMC9962488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy farming is the most important economic activity in animal husbandry. Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cattle and has a significant impact on milk quality and yield. The natural extract allicin, which is the main active ingredient of the sulfur-containing organic compounds in garlic, has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties; however, the specific mechanism underlying its effect on mastitis in dairy cows needs to be determined. Therefore, in this study, whether allicin can reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelium of dairy cows was investigated. A cellular model of mammary inflammation was established by pretreating bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) with 10 µg/mL LPS, and the cultures were then treated with varying concentrations of allicin (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 µM) added to the culture medium. MAC-T cells were examined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting to determine the effect of allicin. Subsequently, the level of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was measured to further explore the mechanism underlying the effect of allicin on bovine mammary epithelial cell inflammation. Treatment with 2.5 µM allicin considerably decreased the LPS-induced increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inhibited activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cow mammary epithelial cells. Further research revealed that allicin also inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa-B-α (IκB-α) and NF-κB p65. In mice, LPS-induced mastitis was also ameliorated by allicin. Therefore, we hypothesize that allicin alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelial cells of cows probably by affecting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Allicin will likely become an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Correspondence: (J.-B.Z.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.); +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- Correspondence: (J.-B.Z.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.); +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.)
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8
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Sulforaphane Suppresses H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via the Activation of AMPK/NFE2L2 Signaling Pathway in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021070. [PMID: 36674585 PMCID: PMC9867344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in high-yielding dairy goats adversely affects lactation length, milk quality, and the economics of dairy products. During the lactation period, goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) are often in a state of disordered metabolic homeostasis primarily caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sulforaphane (SFN), an electrophilic compound that is enriched in broccoli, is a promising antioxidant agent for future potential clinical applications. The objective of the present study was to investigate the function of SFN on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in primary GMECs and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Isolated GMECs in triplicate were pretreated with SFN (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM) for 24 h in the absence or presence of H2O2 (400 μM) for 24 h. The results showed that SFN effectively enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, elevated the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/glutathione oxidized (GSSG), and reduced H2O2-induced ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and cell apoptosis. Mechanically, SFN-induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2/NFE2L2) translocation to the nucleus through the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway coupled with inhibition of the caspase apoptotic pathway. In addition, GMECs were transfected with NFE2L2 small interfering RNA (NFE2L2 siRNA) for 48 h and/or treated with SFN (5 μM) for 24 h before being exposed to H2O2 (400 μM) for 24 h. We found that knockdown of NFE2L2 by siRNA abrogated the preventive effect of SFN on H2O2-induced ROS overproduction and apoptosis. Taken together, sulforaphane suppressed H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via the activation of the AMPK/NFE2L2 signaling pathway in primary GMECs.
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Are Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) the Main Mechanism by Which Copper Ion Treatment Degrades the DNA of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Suspended in Milk? Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112272. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causal agent of paratuberculosis. This pathogen is able to survive adverse environmental conditions, including the pasteurization process. Copper, a well-studied metal, is considered an important antibacterial tool, since it has been shown to inactivate even MAP in treated milk through unknown mechanisms. The aim of the present study is to show the effect of copper ions, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in response to oxidative stress, on the damage to MAP DNA when exposed to a copper ion challenge in cow’s milk. Methodology: Spiked milk with different MAP bacterial loads was supplemented with blocking agents. These were either the copper chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and batocuproin (BCS) or the ROS quenchers D-mannitol, gallic acid and quercetin. The DNA protection, MAP viability and ROS production generated after exposure to a copper challenge were then measured. Results: In a bacterial load of 104 cells mL−1, blocking effects by both the copper chelators and all the ROS quenchers offered significant protection to MAP DNA. In a concentration of 102 cells mL−1, only D-mannitol and a mix of quenchers significantly protected the viability of the bacteria, and only at a concentration of 106 cells mL−1 was there a lower production of ROS when supplementing milk with gallic acid, quercetin and the mix of quenchers. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it may be concluded that MAP DNA damage can be attributed to the combined effect of the direct copper ions and ROS generated. Nevertheless, taking into account the antioxidant environment that milk provides, the direct effect of copper could play a prominent role.
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10
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Bai X, Wang X, Lin T, Dong W, Gao Y, Ji P, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Q. Toll-like Receptor 2 Is Associated with the Immune Response, Apoptosis, and Angiogenesis in the Mammary Glands of Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810717. [PMID: 36142648 PMCID: PMC9504312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a crucial role in bacterial recognition and the host immune response during infection. However, its function and downstream biological processes (BPs) in the mammary glands (MGs) of Holstein cows with clinical mastitis (CM) are not fully understood. This study aimed to comprehensively identify the BPs and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with the bacterial response and TLR2 using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomic data. A possible mechanism for the action of TLR2 was proposed, and the results suggested that the expression levels of TLR2 and caspase 8 (CASP8) were positively correlated with the apoptosis of MGs. The expression patterns of TLR2 and TEK receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (Tie2) were negatively correlated with angiogenesis. These results indicated that TLR2 might promote apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) via upregulation of CASP8 expression, and inhibition of angiogenesis in VECs via downregulation of Tie2 expression in dairy cows with CM. In conclusion, TLR2 is associated with inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in the MGs of dairy cows with bacteria-induced mastitis. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and provide the knowledge needed for developing the prevention and treatment of dairy mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Bai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ting Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weitao Dong
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-763-2482
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11
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Li M, Lu G, Ma X, Wang R, Chen X, Yu Y, Jiang C. Anti-inflammation of isoliquiritigenin via the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK in LPS-stimulated MAC-T cells. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:320. [PMID: 35986317 PMCID: PMC9392288 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The application of plant extracts has received great interest for the treatment of bovine mastitis. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a rich dietary flavonoid that has significant antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. This study was conducted to explore the protective efficacy and related mechanism of ISL against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated oxidation and inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) by in vitro experiments. Results Real-time PCR and ELISA assays indicated that ISL treatment at 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/mL significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of the oxidative indicators cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (P < 0.01), and of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (P < 0.05), interleukin-1β (P < 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.01) in LPS-stimulated MAC-T cells. Moreover, Western blotting and immunofluorescence tests indicated that the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) p65 and the inhibitor of NF-κB were significantly decreased by ISL treatment, thus blocking the nuclear transfer of NF-κB p65. In addition, ISL attenuated the phosphorylation levels of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-jun NH2 terminal kinase. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that ISL downregulated the LPS-induced inflammatory response in MAC-T cells. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity of ISL involves the NF-κB and MAPK cascades. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03414-1.
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12
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Rafique A, Ikram M, Haider A, Ul-Hamid A, Naz S, Nabgan W, Haider J, Shahzadi I. Dye degradation, antibacterial activity and molecular docking analysis of cellulose/polyvinylpyrrolidone-doped cadmium sulphide quantum dots. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:264-277. [PMID: 35714871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In present study, control sized cadmium sulphide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) and cellulose nanocrystals grafted polyvinylpyrrolidone (CNC-g-PVP) doped CdS QDs were synthesized via co-precipitation. The suggested pathway is fruitful in throwing out organic pollutants like methylene blue (MB) from industrial water and bactericidal applications. A series of characterization techniques were used to determine the structural, optical and morphological qualities of prepared samples. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern verified hexagonal structure with no significant change occurring in the spectrum upon doping (2, 4, and 6 %). The UV-vis spectrophotometer describes blueshift in absorption pattern, resulting in an increase in band gap energy (Eg) upon doping. Catalytic activity (CA) against MB in basic and neutral medium demonstrated remarkable results compared with the acidic medium. Furthermore, bactericidal potential of doped sample (6 %) exhibited the significantly higher inhibition zones of 5.25 mm and 4.05 mm against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) or Gram-positive (G+ve) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Gram-negative (G-ve), respectively. In silico predictions for these doped QDs were performed against selected enzyme targets (i.e. DNA gyrase and FabI) to unveil the mystery governing these bactericidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Rafique
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, 66000, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sadia Naz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Junaid Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Dave A, Nekritz E, Charytonowicz D, Beaumont M, Smith M, Beaumont K, Silva J, Sebra R. Integration of Single-Cell Transcriptomics With a High Throughput Functional Screening Assay to Resolve Cell Type, Growth Kinetics, and Stemness Heterogeneity Within the Comma-1D Cell Line. Front Genet 2022; 13:894597. [PMID: 36630696 PMCID: PMC9237515 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.894597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are one of the most frequently implemented model systems in life sciences research as they provide reproducible high throughput testing. Differentiation of cell cultures varies by line and, in some cases, can result in functional modifications within a population. Although research is increasingly dependent on these in vitro model systems, the heterogeneity within cell lines has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we have leveraged high throughput single-cell assays to investigate the Comma-1D mouse cell line that is known to differentiate in culture. Using scRNASeq and custom single-cell phenotype assays, we resolve the clonal heterogeneity within the referenced cell line on the genomic and functional level. We performed a cohesive analysis of the transcriptome of 5,195 sequenced cells, of which 85.3% of the total reads successfully mapped to the mm10-3.0.0 reference genome. Across multiple gene expression analysis pipelines, both luminal and myoepithelial lineages were observed. Deep differential gene expression analysis revealed eight subclusters identified as luminal progenitor, luminal differentiated, myoepithelial differentiated, and fibroblast subpopulations-suggesting functional clustering within each lineage. Gene expression of published mammary stem cell (MaSC) markers Epcam, Cd49f, and Sca-1 was detected across the population, with 116 (2.23%) sequenced cells expressing all three markers. To gain insight into functional heterogeneity, cells with patterned MaSC marker expression were isolated and phenotypically investigated through a custom single-cell high throughput assay. The comparison of growth kinetics demonstrates functional heterogeneity within each cell cluster while also illustrating significant limitations in current cell isolation methods. We outlined the upstream use of our novel automated cell identification platform-to be used prior to single-cell culture-for reduced cell stress and improved rare cell identification and capture. Through compounding single-cell pipelines, we better reveal the heterogeneity within Comma-1D to identify subpopulations with specific functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Dave
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erin Nekritz
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Charytonowicz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Melissa Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Kristin Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jose Silva
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Center for Advanced Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Robert Sebra,
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14
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Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of selenium yeast (SY) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen bacterial diversity, and expression pathways in goats. A total of 18 Qianbei-pockmarked weather goats from Guizhou (body weight, 25.75 ± 1.75 kg; mean ± standard deviation) were assigned to three groups according to a completely randomized design. Control group (CON, n = 6) kids were fed a basal diet, while treatment 1 (LS, n = 6) and treatment 2 (HS, n = 6) kids were fed a basal diet with 2.4 and 4.8 mg/kg SY, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 74 days. The results indicated that the ruminal fluid of LS goats had significantly higher levels of propionic, caproic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids than that of the CON. The levels of butyric and valeric acids were higher in the HS group than in the CON. The acetate:propionate ratio was significantly higher in the CON than in the two treatments. In addition, the inclusion of 2.4 mg/kg SY can lead to a significant decrease in the relative abundances of Euryarchaeota, and Proteobacteria at the phylum level compared to the CON and the HS groups. At the genus level, the LS group had a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter and Sarcina, whereas it could lead to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Clostridium in the ruminal fluid relative of the other two groups. At the species level, the LS group had a significant decrease in the relative abundance of bacterium_P3, bacterium_P201, and Sarcina_sp._DSM_11001 compared to the other groups. Moreover, the CON group had a significant decrease in the relative abundance of bacterium_P201 compared to the other two treatments. Compared to the CON, the addition of 2.4 mg/kg SY significantly enriched carbohydrate metabolism pathways in the ruminal fluid for gene encoding. Additionally, goats receiving SY showed a significant upregulation of glycosyl transferase and carbohydrate binding module pathways. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with SY modulates fermentation parameters, and it affects microbial diversity and microbial metagenome in the rumen of Qianbei-pockmarked goats.
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15
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Putman AK, Sordillo LM, Contreras GA. The Link Between 15-F2t-Isoprostane Activity and Acute Bovine Endothelial Inflammation Remains Elusive. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:873544. [PMID: 35573419 PMCID: PMC9100427 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.873544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern dairy cattle suffer from increased incidence and severity of mastitis during major physiological transitions of the lactation cycle. Oxidative stress, a condition resulting from inadequate antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is a major underlying component of mastitis pathophysiology. Isoprostanes (IsoP) are molecules derived from cellular lipid membranes upon non-enzymatic interaction with reactive species during inflammation, and are regarded as highly sensitive and specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. Changes in IsoP concentrations have been noted during major physiological transitions and diseases such as coliform mastitis in dairy cattle. However, the biological role of IsoP during oxidative stress in dairy cows has not been well-elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the impacts of IsoP on oxidative stress outcomes in a bovine model of acute endothelial inflammation. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC; n = 4) were stimulated with 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without 15-F2t-IsoP to determine how IsoP influence oxidative stress outcomes. Our endothelial inflammation model showed relatively decreased reactive metabolites and increased barrier integrity in cells treated with both the agonist and IsoP compared to agonist treatment alone. However, IsoP do not appear to affect oxidative stress outcomes during acute inflammation. Understanding the effect of IsoP on BAEC is an early step in elucidating how IsoP impact dairy cows during times of oxidative stress in the context of acute clinical mastitis. Future studies should define the optimal dosing and treatment timing of IsoP to maximize their cytoprotective potential during acute inflammation.
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16
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Saenz-de-Juano MD, Silvestrelli G, Bauersachs S, Ulbrich SE. Determining extracellular vesicles properties and miRNA cargo variability in bovine milk from healthy cows and cows undergoing subclinical mastitis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:189. [PMID: 35255807 PMCID: PMC8903571 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subclinical mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland lacking clinical symptoms, is one of the most prevalent and costly diseases in dairy farming worldwide. Milk microRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as potential biomarkers of different mammary gland conditions, including subclinical mastitis. However, little is known about the robustness of EVs analysis regarding sampling time-point and natural infections. To estimate the reliability of EVs measurements in raw bovine milk, we first evaluated changes in EVs size and concentration using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) during three consecutive days of sampling. Then, we analysed daily differences in miRNA cargo using small RNA-seq. Finally, we compared milk EVs differences from naturally infected udder quarters with their healthy adjacent quarters and quarters from uninfected udders, respectively. Results We found that the milk EV miRNA cargo was very stable over the course of three days regardless of the health status of the quarter, and that infected quarters did not induce relevant changes in milk EVs of adjacent healthy quarters. Chronic subclinical mastitis induced changes in milk EV miRNA cargo, but neither in EVs size nor concentration. We observed that the changes in immunoregulatory miRNAs in quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis were cow-individual, however, the most upregulated miRNA was bta-miR-223-3p across all individuals. Conclusions Our results showed that the miRNA profile and particle size characteristics remained constant throughout consecutive days, suggesting that miRNAs packed in EVs are physiological state-specific. In addition, infected quarters were solely affected while adjacent healthy quarters remained unaffected. Finally, the cow-individual miRNA changes pointed towards infection-specific alterations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08377-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara D Saenz-de-Juano
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Silvestrelli
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Functional Genomics, University of Zurich, Eschikon 27, AgroVet-Strickhof, 8315, Lindau, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Shangraw EM, McFadden TB. Graduate Student Literature Review: Systemic mediators of inflammation during mastitis and the search for mechanisms underlying impaired lactation. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:2718-2727. [PMID: 34955254 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The negative effect of mastitis on lactation is well established, yet the mechanisms causing reduced milk production in the afflicted dairy cow are not. As one of the major inflammatory diseases in the dairy industry, mastitis has rightly received considerable research interest for decades. However, the focus on distinct, pathologic effects in mastitic glands has largely overlooked systemic effects on noninflamed mammary glands. This is particularly evident in the severe, acute response to the potent inflammatory mediator, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Whereas secretory cell death, impaired tight junctions, and migration of leukocytes are locally restricted to an inflamed, LPS-challenged gland, changes in milk yield and milk components may be detectable in all mammary glands. Further, these differences extend to the mammary transcriptome. Notably, few transcriptomic studies have been designed to test for effects of systemic mediators of inflammation on gene expression. Relevant changes in the noninflamed mammary gland, identified through biochemical analyses and transcriptional studies, warrant further research. Current evidence suggests proinflammatory cytokines play a role in regulating lactose synthesis, but additional candidates and mechanisms continue to be identified. Ultimately, understanding how systemic mediators of inflammation affect mammary function may lead to the development of interventions that enable more efficient milk production without sacrificing the benefits of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Shangraw
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
| | - T B McFadden
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
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18
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Mi S, Tang Y, Shi L, Liu X, Si J, Yao Y, Augustino SMA, Fang L, Yu Y. Protective Roles of Folic Acid in the Responses of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells to Different Virulent Staphylococcus aureus Strains. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111164. [PMID: 34827157 PMCID: PMC8615268 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is one of the most difficult diseases to treat in dairy cattle. Exploring the biological progression of S. aureus mastitis via the interaction between host, pathogen, and environment is the key to an effective and sustainable improvement of animal health. Here, two strains of S. aureus and a strain of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from cows with different inflammation phenotypes were used to challenge Mac-T cells and to investigate their effects on the global transcriptome of the cells, then to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of folic acid on S. aureus mastitis prevention. Differential gene expression or splicing analysis showed that different strains of S. aureus led to distinct transcriptional responses from the host immune system. Folic acid could protect host defense against the challenge of S. aureus and MRSA partially through activating cytoplasmic DNA sensing and tight junction pathway. ZBP1 at the upstream of cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway was verified and related to anti-pathogen through RNA interference. Further enrichment analysis using these transcriptome data with cattle large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data confirmed that ZBP1 gene is highly associated with bovine somatic cell score (SCS) trait. Our data shed light on the potential effect of FA through regulating key gene and then protect host cells' defense against S. aureus and MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Mi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.M.); (Y.T.); (L.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (S.M.A.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Yongjie Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.M.); (Y.T.); (L.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (S.M.A.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Liangyu Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.M.); (Y.T.); (L.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (S.M.A.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Xueqin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.M.); (Y.T.); (L.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (S.M.A.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Jingfang Si
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.M.); (Y.T.); (L.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (S.M.A.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Yuelin Yao
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| | - Serafino M. A. Augustino
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.M.); (Y.T.); (L.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (S.M.A.A.); (L.F.)
- College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, Juba P.O. Box 82, South Sudan
| | - Lingzhao Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.M.); (Y.T.); (L.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (S.M.A.A.); (L.F.)
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| | - Ying Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.M.); (Y.T.); (L.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (S.M.A.A.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Strickland JM, Wisnieski L, Mavangira V, Sordillo LM. Serum Vitamin D Is Associated with Antioxidant Potential in Peri-Parturient Cows. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1420. [PMID: 34573052 PMCID: PMC8471689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows experience increased oxidative stress during periods of transition such as at the cessation of lactation and around the periparturient period, thus increasing disease risk. Despite routine supplementation of transition cow diets with certain vitamins in an attempt to mitigate oxidative stress, there is no currently available data directly linking vitamin supplementation with antioxidant potential (AOP) in transition cows. The objective of this study was to determine the association between serum vitamins and biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy cows. Blood samples were collected from 240 cows at dry off (DO), close up (CU), and 2-10 days post-calving (DIM2-10). Blood samples were analyzed for vitamins (A, D, E), β-carotene, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and AOP. Spearman correlations and mixed linear regression models were used to assess associations between vitamins and measures of oxidant status. Vitamin D concentrations were positively associated with AOP at the CU and DIM2-10. Based on the positive association with AOP, additional in-vitro studies were conducted that showed vitamin D mitigated barrier integrity loss in endothelial cells during oxidative stress. These results indicate for the first time that vitamin D may have a role in promoting antioxidant potential in transition dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie M. Strickland
- Large Animal Clinal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (J.M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Lauren Wisnieski
- Center for Animal and Human Health in Appalachia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA;
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Large Animal Clinal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (J.M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorraine M. Sordillo
- Large Animal Clinal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (J.M.S.); (V.M.)
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Kan X, Liu J, Chen Y, Guo W, Xu D, Cheng J, Cao Y, Yang Z, Fu S. Protective effect of myricetin on LPS-induced mastitis in mice through ERK1/2 and p38 protein author. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1727-1735. [PMID: 34057544 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory reaction of mammary gland tissue in dairy cattle leads to the occurrence of mastitis disease and causes huge economic loss. Myricetin (Myr), a flavonoid natural product, is extracted from the root, stem, and leaves of Myrica rubra. It has a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. The purpose of this experiment is to further explore the effect of Myr on mastitis and further explore its potential mechanism in LPS-induced mice mastitis model and LPS-induced mice mammary epithelial cells (mMECs). The results showed that Myr could significantly inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the mammary gland of mice. Furthermore, the results of mechanism studies show that Myr can significantly inhibit P38 and ERK1/2 protein phosphorylation levels in mice mammary tissue, and this result has been further verified at the cellular level. These results confirm that Myr can significantly inhibit mammary inflammation, and its potential mechanism is to play a protective role by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of P38 and ERK1/2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchi Kan
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Yingsheng Chen
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Dianwen Xu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Zhanqing Yang
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China.
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21
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Cai M, Fan W, Li X, Sun H, Dai L, Lei D, Dai Y, Liao Y. The Regulation of Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:683886. [PMID: 34136558 PMCID: PMC8200483 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.683886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis, an inflammatory disease, causes severe economic loss in the dairy industry, which is mainly infected by bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the major pathogenic microorganism, derived from lipoteichoic acid (LTA) has been identified to activate inflammatory responses, but the cellular or intercellular regulatory mechanism is unclear. This study mainly focused on the effects of LTA in bovine mammary epithelial cells (Mac-T) and elaborated the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). The results showed that LTA enhanced the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. Furthermore, LTA could activate Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/MyD88-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, and TLR2 plays a pivotal role in LTA-induced inflammatory responses. The results of qRT-PCR showed that miRNA levels increased and reached the highest at 3 h and then gradually decreased over time in Mac-T cells. In exosomes, the levels of 11 and three miRNAs were upregulated and downregulated at 24 h, respectively. In addition, miR-23a showed the highest increase in Mac-T cells treated with LTA and targeted PI3K to regulate inflammatory responses. Furthermore, Mac-T cell-derived exosomes were identified to play a cell–cell communication by promoting M1 polarization of bovine macrophages. In summary, our study demonstrated that LTA could activate inflammatory responses via TLR2/MyD88/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and miR-23a inhibited it by targeting PI3K. Furthermore, we found that Mac-T cell-derived exosomes might be associated with inflammatory responses by promoting M1 polarization of bovine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Cai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
| | - Wenqiao Fan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
| | - Hanchang Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
| | - Liuliu Dai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
| | - Defang Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
| | - Ying Dai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
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22
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Flunixin Meglumine Reduces Milk Isoprostane Concentrations in Holstein Dairy Cattle Suffering from Acute Coliform Mastitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060834. [PMID: 34073753 PMCID: PMC8225098 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional inflammation contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of coliform mastitis and the classical pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the target of medical intervention using the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) flunixin meglumine (FM). Inhibition of COX-2 by FM can decrease concentrations of pro-inflammatory fatty acid-based mediators called eicosanoids, providing antipyretic and analgesic effects in dairy cows suffering from coliform mastitis. However, approximately 50% of naturally occurring coliform mastitis with systemic involvement results in death of the animal, even with NSAID treatment. Inadequate antioxidant potential (AOP) to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during excessive inflammation allows for oxidative stress (OS), contributing to tissue damage during coliform mastitis. Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation by ROS, called isoprostanes (IsoP), were used in humans and cattle to quantify the extent of OS. Blood IsoP were shown to be elevated and correlate with oxidant status during acute coliform mastitis. However, the effect of FM treatment on oxidant status and markers of OS has not been established. Blood IsoP concentrations were used to quantify systemic OS, whereas milk was used to assess local OS in the mammary gland. Results indicate that FM treatment had no effect on blood markers of inflammation but reduced the oxidant status index (OSi) by increasing blood AOP from pre- to post-FM treatment. Milk AOP significantly increased from pre- to post-FM treatment, whereas ROS decreased, resulting in a decreased OSi from pre- to post-FM treatment. The only blood IsoP concentration that was significantly different was 5-iso-iPF2α-VI, with a decreased concentration from pre- to post-FM treatment. Conversely, milk 5-iso-iPF2α-VI, 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI, and total IsoP concentrations were decreased following FM treatment. These results indicated that administration of FM did improve systemic and local oxidant status and reduced local markers of OS. However, differential effects were observed between those animals that survived the infection and those that died, indicating that pre-existing inflammation and oxidant status greatly affect efficacy of FM and may be the key to reducing severity and mortality associated with acute coliform infections. Supplementation to improve AOP and anti-inflammatory mediator production may significantly improve efficacy of FM treatment.
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Ciliberti MG, Albenzio M, Claps S, Santillo A, Marino R, Caroprese M. NETosis of Peripheral Neutrophils Isolated From Dairy Cows Fed Olive Pomace. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:626314. [PMID: 33996961 PMCID: PMC8118642 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.626314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent primary mobile phagocytes recruited to the site of infection, and their functions are essential to enhance animals' health performance. Neutrophils have an essential role in innate immunity and are able to kill the pathogens via the synthesis of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The objective of the present work was the study of the in vitro NETosis of peripheral neutrophils isolated from dairy cows supplemented with olive pomace. Dairy cows (n = 16) balanced for parity (3.67 ± 1.5 for CON, 3.67 ± 1.9 for OP), milk yield (24.3 ± 4.5 kg d−1for CON and 24.9 ± 1.7 kg d−1 for OP), the number of days in milk (109 ± 83.5 for CON and 196 ± 51 for OP), and body weight (647 ± 44.3 kg for CON and 675 ± 70.7 kg for OP) were divided into two experimental groups fed with a control diet (CON) and supplemented with 6% of olive pomace (OP). Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated and stimulated in vitro with phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA) as a marker for activation and reactivity of the neutrophils. After isolation, both the viability and CD11b expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. Both NETosis by neutrophil elastase-DNA complex system and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated by ELISA. The specific antibodies against MPO and citrullination of Histone-H1 were used for investigating NETosis by immunofluorescence microscopy. The neutrophil elastase-DNA complexes produced during NETosis and MPO activity of neutrophil extracts were affected by OP supplementation. Furthermore, results from immunofluorescence analysis of NETosis depicted a similar result found by ELISA showing a higher expression of MPO and citrullination of Histone-H1 in OP than the CON neutrophils. In addition, all data showed that the OP diet resulted in a better response of neutrophils to PMA stimulation than the CON diet, which did not support the neutrophils' responses to PMA stimulation. Our results demonstrated that OP supplementation can enhance the neutrophil function in dairy cows leading to udder defense and inflammation response especially when an immunosuppression state can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Ciliberti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Claps
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Bella Muro, Italy
| | - Antonella Santillo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosaria Marino
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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24
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Kuhn MJ, Sordillo LM. Vitamin E analogs limit in vitro oxidant damage to bovine mammary endothelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7154-7167. [PMID: 33773776 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diseases that occur during the transition period are exacerbated when cows are unable to cope with an increased pro-oxidant load that results in oxidative stress. Dairy cattle are routinely supplemented with the vitamin E analog α-tocopherol to mitigate the severity of oxidative stress. Nonetheless, oxidative stress remains a disease predisposing condition for many dairy cattle. A better method of optimizing the antioxidant functions of vitamin E is needed. α-Tocopherol is only 1 of 8 analogs of vitamin E, all of which have varying antioxidant properties in other mammals, albeit a shorter physiological half-life compared with α-tocopherol. A primary bovine mammary endothelial cell oxidant challenge model was used to determine functions of certain vitamin E analogs. The aim of this study was to determine if other analogs, namely γ-tocopherol or γ-tocotrienol, have antioxidative functions in bovine cells and if these functions may protect cellular viability and endothelial function from oxidant damage. Physiological (10 μM) and supraphysiological (50 μM) concentrations of γ-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol had a greater capacity to reduce accumulated reactive oxygen species derived from a nitric oxide donating pro-oxidant antagonist, when compared with α-tocopherol, after 30 min to 6 h of treatment. Further, γ-tocotrienol (10 μM) decreased cell cytotoxicity to a greater amount than other analogs at like concentrations, whereas γ-tocopherol (10 μM) reduced lipid peroxidation and apoptosis more effectively than other analogs. Last, α-tocopherol (5 and 10 μM) and γ-tocopherol (5 and 10 μM) significantly slowed pro-oxidant induced loss of endothelial cell barrier integrity over a 48-h period using an electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing system. Concerningly, γ-tocotrienol drastically reduced the endothelial barrier integrity at only 5 μM despite no apparent effect on cellular viability at like concentrations. γ-Tocotrienol, however, was also the only analog to show significant cytotoxicity and reductions in viability at supraphysiological doses (25 and 50 μM). Our results suggest that γ-tocopherol has antioxidant activities that reduces cellular damage and loss of function due to oxidant challenge as effectively as α-tocopherol. These data set the foundation for further investigation into the antioxidant properties of vitamin E analogs in other bovine cells types or whole animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kuhn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - L M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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25
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Lázaro SF, Tonhati H, Oliveira HR, Silva AA, Nascimento AV, Santos DJA, Stefani G, Brito LF. Genomic studies of milk-related traits in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) based on single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction and random regression models. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5768-5793. [PMID: 33685677 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Genomic selection has been widely implemented in many livestock breeding programs, but it remains incipient in buffalo. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) estimate variance components incorporating genomic information in Murrah buffalo; (2) evaluate the performance of genomic prediction for milk-related traits using single- and multitrait random regression models (RRM) and the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach; and (3) estimate longitudinal SNP effects and candidate genes potentially associated with time-dependent variation in milk, fat, and protein yields, as well as somatic cell score (SCS) in multiple parities. The data used to estimate the genetic parameters consisted of a total of 323,140 test-day records. The average daily heritability estimates were moderate (0.35 ± 0.02 for milk yield, 0.22 ± 0.03 for fat yield, 0.42 ± 0.03 for protein yield, and 0.16 ± 0.03 for SCS). The highest heritability estimates, considering all traits studied, were observed between 20 and 280 d in milk (DIM). The genetic correlation estimates at different DIM among the evaluated traits ranged from -0.10 (156 to 185 DIM for SCS) to 0.61 (36 to 65 DIM for fat yield). In general, direct selection for any of the traits evaluated is expected to result in indirect genetic gains for milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield but also increase SCS at certain lactation stages, which is undesirable. The predicted RRM coefficients were used to derive the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for each time point (from 5 to 305 DIM). In general, the tuning parameters evaluated when constructing the hybrid genomic relationship matrices had a small effect on the GEBV accuracy and a greater effect on the bias estimates. The SNP solutions were back-solved from the GEBV predicted from the Legendre random regression coefficients, which were then used to estimate the longitudinal SNP effects (from 5 to 305 DIM). The daily SNP effect for 3 different lactation stages were performed considering 3 different lactation stages for each trait and parity: from 5 to 70, from 71 to 150, and from 151 to 305 DIM. Important genomic regions related to the analyzed traits and parities that explain more than 0.50% of the total additive genetic variance were selected for further analyses of candidate genes. In general, similar potential candidate genes were found between traits, but our results suggest evidence of differential sets of candidate genes underlying the phenotypic expression of the traits across parities. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic architecture of milk production traits in dairy buffalo and reinforce the relevance of incorporating genomic information to genetically evaluate longitudinal traits in dairy buffalo. Furthermore, the candidate genes identified can be used as target genes in future functional genomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirlene F Lázaro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto Tonhati
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Hinayah R Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandra A Silva
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - André V Nascimento
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel J A Santos
- Department of Animal and Avian Science, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - Gabriela Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
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26
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Wang Y, Wang HL, Xing GD, Qian Y, Zhong JF, Chen KL. S-allyl cysteine ameliorates heat stress-induced oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in BMECs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 416:115469. [PMID: 33640343 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress-induced oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) threatens the normal growth and development of bovine mammary tissue, resulting in lower milk production of dairy cows. The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effects of S-allyl cysteine (SAC), an organosulfur component extracted from aged garlic, on heat stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in BMECs and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that heat stress treatment considerably decreased cell viability, whereas SAC treatment dose-dependently restored cell viability of BMECs under heat-stress conditions. In addition, SAC protected BMECs from heat stress-induced oxidative damage by inhibiting the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. It also inhibited heat stress-induced apoptosis by reducing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and blocking proteolytic the cleavage of caspase-3 in BMECs. Interestingly, we found that the protective effect of SAC on heat stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis was dependent on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. SAC promoted the Nrf2 nuclear translocation in heat stress-induced BMECs. The results were also validated by Nrf2 and Keap1 knockdown experiments further demonstrating that Nrf-2 was indeed involved in the protective effect of SAC on heat stress-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. In summary, our results showed that SAC could protect BMECs from heat stress-induced injury by mediating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, suggesting that SAC could be considered as a therapeutic drug for attenuating heat stress-induced mammary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guang-Dong Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Youyuan Research Institute of Dairy Industry Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Kun-Lin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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27
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Kuhn MJ, Mavangira V, Sordillo LM. Invited review: Cytochrome P450 enzyme involvement in health and inflammatory-based diseases of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1276-1290. [PMID: 33358163 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cattle are at the greatest risk of developing diseases around the time of calving because of compromised immune responses and the occurrence of oxidative stress. Both the development of compromised immunity and oxidative stress are influenced directly or indirectly by the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and fat-soluble vitamins. The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family of enzymes is central to the metabolism of both classes of these compounds, but to date, the importance of CYP450 in the health of dairy cattle is underappreciated. As certain CYP450 isoforms metabolize both PUFA and fat-soluble vitamins, potential interactions may occur between PUFA and fat-soluble vitamins that are largely unexplored. For example, one CYP450 that generates anti-inflammatory oxylipids from arachidonic acid additionally contributes to the activation of vitamin D. Other potential substrate interactions between PUFA and vitamins A and E may exist as well. The intersection of PUFA and fat-soluble vitamin metabolism by CYP450 suggest that this enzyme system could provide an understanding of how immune function and oxidant status interconnect, resulting in increased postpartum disease occurrence. This review will detail the known contributions of bovine CYP450 to the regulation of oxylipids with a focus on enzymes that may also be involved in the metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E that contribute to antioxidant defenses. Although the activity of specific CYP450 is generally conserved among mammals, important differences exist in cattle, such as the isoforms primarily responsible for activation of vitamin D that makes their specific study in cattle of great importance. Additionally, a CYP450-driven inflammatory positive feedback loop is proposed, which may contribute to the dysfunctional inflammatory responses commonly found during the transition period. Establishing the individual enzyme isoform contributions to oxylipid biosynthesis and the regulation of vitamins A, D, and E may reveal how the CYP450 family of enzymes can affect inflammatory responses during times of increased susceptibility to disease. Determining the potential effect of each CYP450 on disease susceptibility or pathogenesis may allow for the targeted manipulation of the CYP450 pathways to influence specific immune responses and antioxidant defenses during times of increased risk for health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kuhn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - V Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - L M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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28
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Kan X, Liu J, Chen Y, Guo W, Xu D, Cheng J, Cao Y, Yang Z, Fu S. Myricetin protects against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2684-2695. [PMID: 32885418 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-producing dairy cows are prone to oxidative stress due to their high secretion and strong metabolism, and excessive oxidative stress may cause the apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Myricetin (Myr) has been shown to have a wide range of pharmaceutical activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Myr on hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in bMECs and to clarify the underlying mechanism. bMECs were pretreated with or without Myr and then stimulated with H2 O2 . The results showed that Myr significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase levels and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a model of oxidative stress induced by H2 O2 in bMECs. Mechanistic studies found that Myr inhibited H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress in bMECs through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (AMPK/NRF2) signaling pathway. Additional research found that Myr could also inhibit H2 O2 -induced apoptosis in bMECs through NRF2. These data suggest that Myr effectively alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis in H2 O2 -induced bMECs through the activation of the AMPK/NRF2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchi Kan
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Yingsheng Chen
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Dianwen Xu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanqing Yang
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
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29
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Ciampi F, Sordillo LM, Gandy JC, Caroprese M, Sevi A, Albenzio M, Santillo A. Evaluation of natural plant extracts as antioxidants in a bovine in vitro model of oxidative stress. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8938-8947. [PMID: 32713694 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to many inflammatory-based diseases of dairy cattle especially during periods of increased metabolic activity such as around calving. Endothelial cells play a key role in maintaining normal inflammatory responses, but they are especially susceptible to macromolecule damage during times of oxidative stress. Therefore, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were used to study the effect of natural tannin-based extracts on oxidative stress that may improve health and well-being of cattle. Tannins are secondary metabolites in plants with potent antioxidant activity that have been used as natural feed additives for food-producing animals. However, there is little information on how tannin-rich plant extracts may affect oxidative stress in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum; PMG), tara (Caesalpinia spinosa; TA), chestnut (Castanea sativa; CH), and gambier (Uncaria gambir; GM) natural extracts using an in vitro BAEC model of oxidative stress. Natural extracts were tested at a concentration of 80 μg/mL. Viability, apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and isoprostanes were determined on cultured BAEC treated with different plant natural extracts. No changes in cell viability was detected following PMG and GM treatments. In contrast, there was a 30% reduction of BAEC viability following treatment with CH or TA extracts. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production was significantly less abundant in cells treated with natural extracts than with the lipopolysaccharide control. Moreover, antioxidant activity varied according to the tested extract, showing a reduction of 63, 45, 51, and 27% in PMG, GM, CH, and TA, respectively. The formation of isoprostanes as a consequence of lipid peroxidation after induction of oxidative stress also were significantly decreased in PMG-treated cells when compared with the untreated cells. Theses findings suggest that PMG extract has the potential to mitigate oxidative stress without detrimental effects on cell viability. Further in vitro and in vivo research is warranted to explore the antioxidant potential of PMG extract as a dietary supplement to control oxidative stress in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ciampi
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - L M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - J C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M Caroprese
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - A Sevi
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - M Albenzio
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - A Santillo
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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Panya A, Pundith H, Thongyim S, Kaewkod T, Chitov T, Bovonsombut S, Tragoolpua Y. Antibiotic-Antiapoptotic Dual Function of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Leaf Extracts against Bovine Mastitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070429. [PMID: 32708141 PMCID: PMC7400556 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis caused by bacterial infection has negative impacts on milk quality and animal health, and ultimately causes economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. Gram-negative bacteria and their component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can trigger the inflammatory response of endothelial cells (ECs) and subsequently promote EC dysfunction or injury, which is a critical pathogenesis of mastitis-causing sepsis shock. To control the bacterial infection and to minimise the LPS negative effects on ECs, we thus aimed to identify the potential herb extracts that comprised antibacterial activity and protective ability to inhibit LPS-induced cell death. Extracts from seven types of herbs derived from antibacterial screening were investigated for their protective effects on LPS-stimulated bovine endothelial cell line. Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau (C. nutans) extract appeared to be the most effective antiapoptotic extract against LPS stimulation. Treatment of C. nutans extract in LPS-stimulated cells significantly lowered apoptotic cell death through modulating pro-survival Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic Bax expression. The investigation of bioactive compounds using solvent fractionation, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS analysis revealed glyceryl 1,3-disterate (C39H76O5), kaempferol 3-O-feruloyl-sophoroside 7-O-glucoside (C43H48O24), and hydroxypthioceranic acid (C46H92O3) as the candidate components. Our findings indicated that C. nutans extract has great potential to be further developed as an alternative therapeutic agent for mastitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (H.P.); (S.T.); (T.K.); (T.C.); (S.B.)
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (Y.T.); Tel.: +66-53-943346 (A.P.); +66-53-941946-48 (Y.T.)
| | - Hataichanok Pundith
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (H.P.); (S.T.); (T.K.); (T.C.); (S.B.)
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Thongyim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (H.P.); (S.T.); (T.K.); (T.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Thida Kaewkod
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (H.P.); (S.T.); (T.K.); (T.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Thararat Chitov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (H.P.); (S.T.); (T.K.); (T.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Sakunnee Bovonsombut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (H.P.); (S.T.); (T.K.); (T.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (H.P.); (S.T.); (T.K.); (T.C.); (S.B.)
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (Y.T.); Tel.: +66-53-943346 (A.P.); +66-53-941946-48 (Y.T.)
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Zhao Y, Tang J, Yang D, Tang C, Chen J. Staphylococcal enterotoxin M induced inflammation and impairment of bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8350-8359. [PMID: 32622596 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major etiological pathogens of bovine mastitis. Its invasion into mammary epithelial cells has been proven to be a key event in the pathogenesis of mastitis. However, the specific pathogenic factors have not been clearly identified. Staphylococcus aureus often triggers infections by releasing virulence factor. Recent several studies reported that staphylococcal enterotoxin M was one of the most frequently found enterotoxin genes associated with bovine mastitis. Thus, the effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin M on inflammation and damage of the bovine mammary epithelial bovine mammary gland epithelial cell line (MAC-T) cells with 48 h treatment was explored in the present study. First, staphylococcal enterotoxin M protein was purified by a Ni-NTA spin column (GE Life Science, Westborough, MA). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) secretion were measured with the corresponding ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK). Second, cell viability was assessed with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (Bioswamp, Wuhan, China) and the apoptotic percentage of cells was determined by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI; Beyotime, Nanjing, China) staining. Third, ATP concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were assayed with commercial kits, then mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was estimated using fluorescent probe JC-1 (Beyotime). Finally, the production intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 I/II (LC3 I/II), p62 (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), and phosphorylation of IκBα, caspase 3, and mammalian target of rapamycin were detected by Western blot. The results showed that staphylococcal enterotoxin M induced inflammation of epithelial cells (upregulating tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 production) and activated NF-κB (promoting phosphorylation of IκBα). Furthermore, staphylococcal enterotoxin M impaired MAC-T cells via cell necrosis (enhancing LDH release), apoptosis (annexin V-FITC/PI stain, exacerbating oxidative stress, decreasing ΔΨm and intracellular ATP concentration, and activating caspase 3), but independent of autophagy (nonsignificantly increasing LC3-II, decreasing p62 expression, and activating mammalian target of rapamycin). Thereby, staphylococcal enterotoxin M induced the inflammatory property of bovine mammary epithelial cells by boosting cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion molecule production. Furthermore, it caused epithelial cell dysfunction via depressing cell viability and initiating cell necrosis and apoptosis. Because epithelial cells played important roles in orchestrating the inflammatory response and protecting bovine mammary tissue from mastitis, our results indicated that staphylococcal enterotoxin M may be associated with mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Junni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China, 610041.
| | - Danru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Cheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China, 610041
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Silva AA, Silva DA, Silva FF, Costa CN, Silva HT, Lopes PS, Veroneze R, Thompson G, Carvalheira J. GWAS and gene networks for milk-related traits from test-day multiple lactations in Portuguese Holstein cattle. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:465-476. [PMID: 32607783 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the identification of QTL regions, candidate genes, and network related genes based on the first 3 lactations (LAC3) of milk, fat, and protein yields, and somatic cell score (SCS) in Portuguese Holstein cattle. Additionally, the results were compared with those from only first lactation (LAC1) data. The analyses were performed using the weighted single-step GWAS under an autoregressive test-day (TD) multiple lactations model. A total of 11,434,294 and 4,725,673 TD records from LAC3 and LAC1, respectively, including 38,323 autosomal SNPs and 1338 genotyped animals were used in GWAS analyses. A total of 51 (milk), 5 (fat), 24 (protein), and 4 (SCS) genes were associated to previously annotated relevant QTL regions for LAC3. The CACNA2D1 at BTA4 explained the highest proportion of genetic variance respectively for milk, fat, and protein yields. For SCS, the TRNAG-CCC at BTA14, MAPK10, and PTPN3 genes, both at BTA6 were considered important candidate genes. The accessed network refined the importance of the reported genes. CACNA2D1 regulates calcium density and activation/inactivation kinetics of calcium transport in the mammary gland; whereas TRNAG-CCC, MAPK10, and PTPN3 are directly involved with inflammatory processes widely derived from mastitis. In conclusion, potential candidate genes (TRNAG-CCC, MAPK10, and PTPN3) associated with somatic cell were highlighted, which further validation studies are needed to clarify its mechanism action in response to mastitis. Moreover, most of the candidate genes identified were present in both (LAC3 and LAC1) for milk, fat and protein yields, except for SCS, in which no candidate genes were shared between LAC3 and LAC1. The larger phenotypic information provided by LAC3 dataset was more effective to identify relevant genes, providing a better understanding of the genetic architecture of these traits over all lactations simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Alves Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Delvan Alves Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabyano Fonseca Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Teixeira Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sávio Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Veroneze
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gertrude Thompson
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO-InBio), University of Porto, Vairão, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julio Carvalheira
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO-InBio), University of Porto, Vairão, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Maity S, Das D, Ambatipudi K. Quantitative alterations in bovine milk proteome from healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis during S. aureus infection. J Proteomics 2020; 223:103815. [PMID: 32423885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, is a major impediment to milk production and lacks markers to indicate disease progression in cows and buffaloes. Thus, the focus of this study was to identify proteins marking the transition from subclinical to clinical mastitis. Whey proteins were isolated from 6 group's i.e. healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis of Holstein Friesian cow and Murrah buffalo. Mass spectrometry and statistical analysis (ANOVA and t-tests) were performed on 12 biological samples each from cow and buffalo (4 per healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis) resulting in a total of 24 proteome datasets. Collectively, 1479 proteins were identified of which significant proteins were shortlisted by a combination of fold change (≤ 0.5 or ≥ 2) and q < 0.05. Of these proteins, 128 and 163 indicated disease progression in cow and buffalo, respectively. Change in expression of haptoglobin and fibronectin from Holstein Friesian while spermadhesin and osteopontin from Murrah correlated with disease progression. Similarly, angiogenin and cofilin-1 were upregulated while ubiquitin family members were downregulated during disease transition. Subsequently, selected proteins (e.g. osteopontin and fibrinogen-α) were validated by Western blots. The results of this study provide deeper insights into whey proteome dynamics and signature patterns indicative of disease progression. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Bovine mastitis is the most lethal infectious disease causing a huge economic loss in the dairy industry. In an attempt, to understand the dynamics of whey proteome in response to S. aureus infection, whey protein collected from healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitic HF and Mu were investigated. A total of 1479 proteins were identified, of which 128 and 163 had signature pattern in each stage indicative of the progression of the disease. The results of the present study provide a foundation to better understand the complexity of mastitis that will ultimately help facilitate early therapeutic and husbandry-based intervention to improve animal health and milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Debiprasanna Das
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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Mavangira V, Brown J, Gandy JC, Sordillo LM. 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid alters endothelial cell barrier integrity independent of oxidative stress and cell death. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 149:106425. [PMID: 32032703 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unregulated inflammation during bovine mastitis is characterized by severe mammary tissue damage with systemic involvement. Vascular dysfunction underlies tissue pathology because of concurrent oxidative stress mediated by several inflammatory mediators. We recently demonstrated increased production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome P450-derived (CYP) oxylipid that correlated with oxidative stress during severe bovine coliform mastitis. The hypothesis for this study was that 20-HETE-induced oxidative stress disrupts barrier function of endothelial cells. Primary endothelial cells from the bovine aorta were utilized to investigate the effects of 20-HETE on barrier integrity in an in-vitro model of oxidative stress. The effects of various antioxidants on modulating the 20-HETE barrier integrity effects also were investigated. Our results showed that 20-HETE decreased endothelial barrier integrity, which was associated with increased reactive metabolite production and decreased total glutathione. The antioxidant, vitamin E, partially delayed the loss of endothelial resistance upon exposure to 20-HETE but did not prevent complete loss of barrier integrity. The decrease in barrier resistance due to 20-HETE was neither associated with oxidative stress as assessed by oxidative protein or lipid damage nor endothelial cell apoptosis; however, selenium supplementation conferred resistance to loss of barrier integrity suggesting a role for shifts in redox status. Specific mechanisms by which 20-HETE alters vascular barrier integrity require further investigation to identify targets for therapy during inflammatory conditions with enhanced CYP450 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States
| | - Jennifer Brown
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States
| | - Jeffery C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States.
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Effects of 3 Different Commercial Vaccines Formulations against BVDV and BHV-1 on the Inflammatory Response of Holstein Heifers. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6030069. [PMID: 31455017 PMCID: PMC6789449 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After vaccination, vaccine components must activate the immune response, but the ideal vaccine should not result in undesirable effects in cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory and humoral responses and adverse reactions induced by three adjuvanted commercial vaccines against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). Holstein heifers (n = 35) were divided into four groups by adjuvant compounds: Vaccine A (Alum; n = 9), Vaccine B (Oil-in-water; n = 10), Vaccine C (Amphigen/Quil A cholesterol and dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium (DDA) bromide (QAD; n = 10), and Control (n = 6). Heifers were assessed at 0 h, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h post-vaccination; serology was evaluated at first dose (D0), booster (D21) and D42. Heifers vaccinated with Vaccine B (p = 0.0001) and C (p = 0.0001) had a more intense local reaction, while there was a higher rectal temperature detected in heifers vaccinated with Vaccine C (p = 0.020). There was greater systemic reaction observed for heifers vaccinated with Vaccines B and C at 48 h (p = 0.002) after a second dose. Clinical pathology parameters [white blood count (WBC) (p = 0.001), neutrophils (p = 0.0001) and haptoglobin concentrations (p = 0.0001)] were higher in animals vaccinated with Vaccine C. Neutralizing Abs against BVDV type 1 strains, NADL and Singer, were detected in animals vaccinated with Vaccines A or C at D42, while BVDV-2 antibodies were detected only in animals vaccinated with Vaccine C. A BHV-1 antibody was detected in all three vaccine groups (Vaccines A, B or C) at day 42 (21 days post booster vaccination). The findings of this research were based on three different commercial laboratory formulations and also according to the conditions which the study was conducted. In this context, vaccine containing mineral oil or Amphigen/QAD presented greater local reactivity and induced a significant systemic inflammatory response. Vaccinated heifers with Alum and Amphigen/QAD commercial vaccines enhanced humoral immune response against BVDV and BHV-1.
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Miret NV, Pontillo CA, Zárate LV, Kleiman de Pisarev D, Cocca C, Randi AS. Impact of endocrine disruptor hexachlorobenzene on the mammary gland and breast cancer: The story thus far. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:330-341. [PMID: 30951959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence is increasing globally and exposure to endocrine disruptors has gained importance as a potential risk factor. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was once used as a fungicide and, despite being banned, considerable amounts are still released into the environment. HCB acts as an endocrine disruptor in thyroid, uterus and mammary gland and was classified as possibly carcinogenic to human. This review provides a thorough analysis of results obtained in the last 15 years of research and evaluates data from assays in mammary gland and breast cancer in diverse animal models. We discuss the effects of environmentally relevant HCB concentrations on the normal mammary gland and different stages of carcinogenesis, and attempt to elucidate its mechanisms of action at molecular level. HCB weakly binds to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), activating both membrane (c-Src) and nuclear pathways. Through c-Src stimulation, AhR signaling interacts with other membrane receptors including estrogen receptor-α, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor beta 1 receptors. In this way, several pathways involved in mammary morphogenesis and breast cancer development are modified, inducing tumor progression. HCB thus stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, preneoplastic lesions and alterations in mammary gland development as well as neoplastic cell migration and invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis in breast cancer. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that the presence and bioaccumulation of HCB in high-fat tissues and during highly sensitive time windows such as pregnancy, childhood and adolescence make exposure a risk factor for breast tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia V Miret
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, 5to piso, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carolina A Pontillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, 5to piso, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lorena V Zárate
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, 5to piso, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diana Kleiman de Pisarev
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, 5to piso, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Cocca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Junín 954, subsuelo, CP1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea S Randi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, 5to piso, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chi X, Ma X, Xu W, Shi F, Hu S. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1: Proteomic analysis of milk from goats with mastitis induced with lipopolysaccharide. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:382-391. [PMID: 30952102 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigation showed that intravenous injection of ginsenoside Rg1 had a therapeutic effect on Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in lactating goats and it protected animals from lipopolysaccharide challenge via toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. The present study was to use proteomic approach to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rg1. Nine dairy goats were randomly divided into three groups with 3 animals in each: groups 1 and 2 received intra-mammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide and then intravenously injected with saline or Rg1 solution; animals in group 3 were first intramammarily and then intravenously administered saline solution, and served as a control group. Milk whey at 6 h post lipopolysaccharide challenge was prepared for tandem mass tags based quantitative proteomic analysis. The results showed that 791 proteins were totally identified from the whey. Of them, 98 proteins between groups 1 (lipopolysaccharide + Saline) and 3 (Saline + Saline), and 34 proteins between groups 2 (lipopolysaccharide + Rg1) and 1 were significantly different. Group 1 than group 3 had significantly more inflammatory factors such as interleukin 6, acute phase proteins, blood coagulation factors, complement proteins, and oxidative stress markers while these factors were reduced in group 2 treated with Rg1. In addition, proteins in group 2 associated with peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ activation and recovery of milk fat and production were upregulated compared to group 1. Therefore, Rg1 may exert its anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in goats via modulating expression of proteins relating to peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ and toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemin Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Chi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou 310058, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fushan Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou 310058, PR China
| | - Songhua Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou 310058, PR China.
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Caggiano N, Lorenzo Smirnoff A, Bottini J, De Simone E. Protease activity and protein profile in milk from healthy dairy cows and cows with different types of mastitis. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Wang YM, Ma YQ, Bi SC, Ma XD, Guan R, Wang SH, Lu MQ, Shi FS, Hu SH. Therapeutic effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on mastitis experimentally induced by lipopolysaccharide in lactating goats. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2443-2452. [PMID: 30612791 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a cause of subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cattle and goats, and sometimes causes severe clinical disease that may result in death of the animal. Previous investigation showed that ginsenoside Rg1 extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) has an anti-inflammatory effect on the sepsis induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide via competitive binding to toll-like receptor 4. We hypothesized that intravenous injection of Rg1 had therapeutic effect on mastitis experimentally induced by intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide in lactating goats. In this study, 9 lactating goats were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups: (1) lipopolysaccharide intramammary infusion + saline intravenous injection, (2) lipopolysaccharide intramammary infusion + Rg1 intravenous injection, and (3) saline intramammary administration + saline intravenous injection. Because no adverse clinical signs were observed after intramammary infusion of saline and intravenous injection of Rg1 in a preliminary experiment, and available qualified goats were limited in this study, this treatment was not included in this study. One udder half of each goat received intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide (50 μg/kg of body weight; groups 1 and 2) or saline solution (group 3), and the other half was infused with 2 mL of saline solution at h 0. Afterward, intravenous injections of saline solution (groups 1 and 3) or Rg1 (2.5 mg/kg of body weight; group 2) were administered at h 2 and 4 post-lipopolysaccharide challenge. Blood and milk samples were collected 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 48, and 72 h post-lipopolysaccharide challenge, and clinical signs were monitored hourly after lipopolysaccharide challenge within the first 10 h and at the same time points as blood samples. The results showed that Rg1 treatment downregulated rectal temperature, udder skin temperature, udder girth, milk somatic cell count, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and upregulated milk production, lactose, and recovered blood components, such as white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, total proteins, albumin, and globulin. Considering the positive therapeutic effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in goats presented in this study as well as the anti-inflammatory activity found previously, the botanical Rg1 deserves further study as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of E. coli mastitis in dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Y Q Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - S C Bi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - X D Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - R Guan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - S H Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - M Q Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - F S Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - S H Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Sordillo LM. Mammary Gland Immunobiology and Resistance to Mastitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 34:507-523. [PMID: 30316507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of dairy cattle to prevent infectious pathogens from causing mastitis is related to the efficiency of the mammary immune system. The primary roles of the bovine immune system are to prevent bacterial invasion of the mammary gland, eliminate existing infections, and restore mammary tissues to normal function. Mammary gland immunity uses a multifaceted network of physical, cellular, and soluble factors to protect the cow from the diverse array of mastitis-causing pathogens. Strategies to optimize mammary gland defenses can be an effective way to prevent the establishment of new intramammary infections and limit the use of antimicrobials to treat mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M Sordillo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, G300 Veterinary Medical Center, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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41
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Kovačić M, Samardžija M, Đuričić D, Vince S, Flegar-Meštrić Z, Perkov S, Gračner D, Turk R. Paraoxonase-1 activity and lipid profile in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1555090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Samardžija
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Silvijo Vince
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Damjan Gračner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Romana Turk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Jiang J, Jian Q, Jing M, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Shan L, Yu P, Wang Y, Xu L. The novel N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MN-08 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:109-118. [PMID: 30447529 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically severe respiratory disorder, and effective therapy is urgently needed. MN-08, a novel synthetic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, was investigated for its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. In vitro, the protective effect of MN-08 on inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and tight junctions (TJs) structure was explored in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and A549 cells. MN-08 markedly decreased (p < 0.001) the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas it moderately upregulated (p < 0.05) heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, MN-08 significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) cell apoptosis and improved (p < 0.001) protein expression of TJs in LPS-induced A549 cells. In vivo, the therapeutic effect of MN-08 was evaluated in the LPS-induced ALI model through intratracheal instillation in BALB/c mice. MN-08 administration dramatically attenuated (p < 0.001) pulmonary pathological changes and reduced (p < 0.001) the levels of glutamate, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and number of cells in BALF, whereas it increased (p < 0.05) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities in ALI mice. Furthermore, MN-08 markedly blocked the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells and lung tissues. These results indicate that MN-08 exhibits lung protection in an LPS-induced ALI model via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Jiang
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Jian
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mei Jing
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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43
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Cell free mitochondrial DNA in serum and milk associated with bovine mastitis: a pilot study. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:275-282. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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44
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Xu T, Dong Z, Wang X, Qi S, Li X, Cheng R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Gao M. IL‐1β induces increased tight junction permeability in bovine mammary epithelial cells via the IL‐1β‐ERK1/2‐MLCK axis upon blood‐milk barrier damage. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9028-9041. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Zhijian Dong
- CT/MR Department Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital Yangling China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Shaopei Qi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xueru Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Ming‐Qing Gao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University Yangling China
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45
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Sordillo LM. Symposium review: Oxylipids and the regulation of bovine mammary inflammatory responses. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5629-5641. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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46
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Czarzasta J, Meller K, Andronowska A, Jana B. Lipopolysaccharide and cytokines modulate leukotriene (LT)B4and LTC4production by porcine endometrial endothelial cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:101-109. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Czarzasta
- Division of Reproductive Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| | - K Meller
- Division of Reproductive Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| | - A Andronowska
- Division of Reproductive Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| | - B Jana
- Division of Reproductive Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
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47
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Mavangira V, Sordillo LM. Role of lipid mediators in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in dairy cattle. Res Vet Sci 2017; 116:4-14. [PMID: 28807478 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periparturient dairy cows experience an increased incidence and severity of several inflammatory-based diseases such as mastitis and metritis. Factors associated with the physiological adaptation to the onset of lactation can impact the efficiency of the inflammatory response at a time when it is most needed to eliminate infectious pathogens that cause these economically important diseases. Oxidative stress, for example, occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of oxygen radicals during periods of high metabolic demand and the reduced capabilities of the host's antioxidant defenses. The progressive development of oxidative stress in early lactation cows is thought to be a significant underlying factor leading to dysfunctional inflammatory responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also produced by leukocytes during inflammation resulting in positive feedback loops that can further escalate oxidative stress during the periparturient period. During oxidative stress, ROS can modify polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) associated with cellular membranes, resulting in the biosynthesis of oxidized products called oxylipids. Depending on the PUFA substrate and oxidation pathway, oxylipids have the capacity of either enhancing or resolving inflammation. In mediating their effects, oxylipids can directly or indirectly target sites of ROS production and thus control the degree of oxidative stress. This review discusses the evidence supporting the roles of oxylipids in the regulation of oxidative stress and the subsequent development of uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Further, the utility of some of the oxylipids as oxidative stress markers that can be exploited in developing and monitoring therapies for inflammatory-based diseases in dairy cattle is discussed. Understanding of the link between some oxylipids and the development or resolution of oxidative stress could provide novel therapeutic targets to limit immunopathology, reduce antibiotic usage, and optimize the resolution of inflammatory-based diseases in periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, United States
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, United States.
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48
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Park HJ, Lee WY, Jeong HY, Song H. Regeneration of Bovine Mammary Gland in Immunodeficient Mice by Transplantation of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Mixed with Matrigel. Int J Stem Cells 2016; 9:186-191. [PMID: 27788570 PMCID: PMC5155714 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives With the global demand for dairy protein for consumption growing annually, there has been increasing activity in the research field of dairy protein synthesis and production. From a manipulation perspective, it is more difficult to use live cattle for laboratory studies on the production of milk as well as of dairy protein such as casein, as compared with using laboratory animals like rodents. Therefore, we aimed to develop a mouse model of bovine mammary alveolar ducts for laboratory-scale studies. We studied the formation of the bovine mammary gland ductal structure by transplanting the MAC-T bovine alveolar cell line into mice. Methods and Results MAC-T cells (1×107) were suspended in Matrigel and injected into the dorsal tissue of 8-week-old male BALB/C nude mice. Histological analysis of tissue dissected from the MAC-T cell-transplanted mice after 6 weeks showed the typical morphology of the tubuloalveolar female gland, as well as glands made up of branching ducts that were surrounded by smooth muscle with small alveoli budding off the ducts. In addition, the epithelial markers CK14 and CK18 were expressed within the duct-like structure. Prolactin was detected in the duct interior in these CK14+ and CK18+ cells but not in the non-transplanted MAC-T cells. Conclusions These results showed that duct-like tissue had been successfully formed after 6 weeks of transplantation of the CK14+ and CK18+ MAC-T cells into mice dorsal tissue. This mouse model will be a useful tool for further research on the bovine mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Young Lee
- Department of Food Bioscience, Research Institute for Biomedical & Health Science, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Jeong
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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49
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Sordillo LM. Nutritional strategies to optimize dairy cattle immunity. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4967-4982. [PMID: 26830740 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cattle are susceptible to increased incidence and severity of both metabolic and infectious diseases during the periparturient period. A major contributing factor to increased health disorders is alterations in bovine immune mechanisms. Indeed, uncontrolled inflammation is a major contributing factor and a common link among several economically important infectious and metabolic diseases including mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, displaced abomasum, and ketosis. The nutritional status of dairy cows and the metabolism of specific nutrients are critical regulators of immune cell function. There is now a greater appreciation that certain mediators of the immune system can have a reciprocal effect on the metabolism of nutrients. Thus, any disturbances in nutritional or immunological homeostasis can provide deleterious feedback loops that can further enhance health disorders, increase production losses, and decrease the availability of safe and nutritious dairy foods for a growing global population. This review will discuss the complex interactions between nutrient metabolism and immune functions in periparturient dairy cattle. Details of how either deficiencies or overexposure to macro- and micronutrients can contribute to immune dysfunction and the subsequent development of health disorders will be presented. Specifically, the ways in which altered nutrient metabolism and oxidative stress can interact to compromise the immune system in transition cows will be discussed. A better understanding of the linkages between nutrition and immunity may facilitate the design of nutritional regimens that will reduce disease susceptibility in early lactation cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sordillo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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