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Characterization of ginsenoside structural isomers from mixtures using in situ methylation with direct analysis in real-time ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:887-897. [PMID: 36571591 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of structural isomers of bioactive molecules is important for recognizing their functions, but it has been challenging due to their highly similar structures. As the main bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng, ginsenosides have different structural isomers attributed to the aglycone structure and glycosylation sites as well as stereochemistry of sugar groups attached. This work demonstrated a simple and robust in situ methylation reaction with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) using ambient ionization source of direct analysis in real time (DART) to characterize saponin structural isomers. The DART ion source provides favorable conditions to methylate hydroxyl groups of ginsenoside instantaneously with TMAH, and it can ionize the methylated products at the same time. Methylated ginsenoside stereoisomers even with subtle structure differences generated very different mass signals from full-scan MS and tandem MS. High-resolution mass spectrometry aided the assignment of molecular structures of the various precursor and fragment ions from different ginsenosides, which provided structural information for both the aglycone skeleton and the sugar moieties in ginsenosides. The presented method was successfully used for the identification of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng, and saponin isomers were characterized without the need for chromatographic separation and/or tedious offline sample pretreatment.
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2
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Qin M, Qian Y, Huang L, Zhong C, Li M, Yu J, Chen H. Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for analytical evaluation and synthetic preparation of pharmaceutical chemicals. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1110900. [PMID: 36713836 PMCID: PMC9880169 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS), due to the unique configuration of its ionization module, enables the effective ionization of trace molecules of interest in samples containing complex matrices with high sensitivity, high selectivity and high responding speed without requiring sample pretreatment, and allows high-energy molecular species to undergo specially designed reactions for advanced functionalization. The typical effects of operating conditions on the analytical performance of extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for various pharmaceutical compounds, pharmaceutical preparations and herbal materials were systematically reviewed. The application prospect of extraction electrospray ionization in molecular functionalization for advanced drug discovery is also briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Qin
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for BioSample Analysis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuqing Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingdong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for BioSample Analysis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Huanwen Chen,
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3
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Sun J, Yin Y, Li W, Jin O, Na N. CHEMICAL REACTION MONITORING BY AMBIENT MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:70-99. [PMID: 33259644 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactions conducted in different media (liquid phase, gas phase, or surface) drive developments of versatile techniques for the detection of intermediates and prediction of reasonable reaction pathways. Without sample pretreatment, ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has been applied to obtain structural information of reactive molecules that differ in polarity and molecular weight. Commercial ion sources (e.g., electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and direct analysis in real-time) have been reported to monitor substrates and products by offline reaction examination. While the interception or characterization of reactive intermediates with short lifetime are still limited by the offline modes. Notably, online ionization technologies, with high tolerance to salt, buffer, and pH, can achieve direct sampling and ionization of on-going reactions conducted in different media (e.g., liquid phase, gas phase, or surface). Therefore, short-lived intermediates could be captured at unprecedented timescales, and the reaction dynamics could be studied for mechanism examinations without sample pretreatments. In this review, via various AMS methods, chemical reaction monitoring and mechanism elucidation for different classifications of reactions have been reviewed. The developments and advances of common ionization methods for offline reaction monitoring will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ouyang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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4
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Shao S, Wang Y, Xie Z, Xu R, Wan X, Wang E, Wang Z, Liu S, Chen C, Yang H. 96-well plate format in conjunction with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to orbitrap mass spectrometry for high-throughput screening protein binders from ginseng. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114498. [PMID: 34952293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventional strategies for screening of protein binders cannot be used for complicated samples such as ligand libraries created by combinatorial chemistry or from natural product extracts. In the current study, we developed a novel method in a competitive binding configuration for screening protein binders from complicated samples by a combination of streptavidin-coated 96-well plate format in conjunction with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS). The concanavalin A (Con A) modified 96-well plate and lysozyme modified 96-well plate (as control) were incubated with oligosaccharide standards respectively, and the compounds with the decreased peak areas in experimental group compared to those in the control group were detected as binders by UHPLC-ESI-MS. The factors such as incubation time, incubation temperature, and buffer, which might affect the binding affinity and reproducibility were optimized. The potential of the approach is examined using the extracts of Radix ginseng cruda and American ginseng. The relative binding degrees (RBDs) of the detected disaccharides were relatively high in the extracts of Radix ginseng cruda, and those of the trisaccharides were similar in the extracts of the two kinds of ginseng. To our knowledge, it's the first time to reveal the differences and analogies in lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA)-binding capabilities of oligosaccharides between the extracts of radix ginseng cruda and American ginseng, indicating the efficiency of the method for analysis of complicated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Shao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhaoyang Xie
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ruiyang Xu
- Jilin Shenshi Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130028, China
| | - Xilin Wan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Enpeng Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhongxi Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
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5
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Wang X, Jiang Q, Li H, Chen DDY. Rapid fingerprint analysis for herbal polysaccharides using direct analysis in real-time ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9139. [PMID: 34087017 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Herbal polysaccharides have various potential medicinal values. Development of reliable analytical method for the fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides is critical for their quality assessment, origin identification, and authenticity evaluation. METHODS Mechanochemical extraction (MCE) was used to extract polysaccharide components from different herbal species. Intact polysaccharides were then directly analyzed by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). Standard addition method with isotope-labeled internal standard was used to quantify polysaccharide amounts directly from liquid extract. Multivariate data analysis was further conducted for species classification. RESULTS The intact and large polysaccharides were decomposed into small fragment ions less than m/z 350 instantaneously using DART ion source. Different polysaccharides showed distinguished fingerprint DART-MS spectra using both individual and mixed herbal species. The liquid supernatant from MCE was validated to be used as direct sample for DART-MS analysis. Quantitation was successfully achieved for polysaccharide contents in Dendrobium officinale from different locations. CONCLUSIONS A rapid fingerprint protocol in combination of MCE and DART-MS for herbal polysaccharides was developed. The whole process could be accomplished within a few minutes, from raw materials to final spectra, without requirements of pre-digestion and additional sample purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - David D Y Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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6
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Kim H, Lee H, Kum D, Tae H, Cha S, Kim D, Kim S. Mechanism behind the paper spray chemical ionization phenomenon and the choice of solvent. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4602. [PMID: 32710504 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray chemical ionization (PSCI) combined with mass spectrometry has been proposed as a sensitive method for the analysis of nonpolar aromatic compounds; however, the mechanism behind PSCI is not well understood. In the present study, the evidence for the occurrence of corona discharge is provided and its mechanism is proposed. Photographs taken with a highly sensitive camera evidently demonstrate the occurrence of corona discharge at the end of the triangular shape tip when a nonpolar solvent such as hexane was used at an applied potential of 6-7 kV. Nevertheless, corona discharge was not observed in the presence of a polar solvent. The occurrence of the corona discharge was attributed to charge accumulation in the dielectric layer generated by the nonpolar solvent on the fibers of the paper tip. Specifically, corona discharge was generated at the tip end when the charge approached a critical threshold. In the presence of a polar solvent, however, the dielectric layer was not generated and, hence, corona discharge was not observed. Based on this information, three nonpolar solvents were selected and their sensitivity for analyzing the phenanthrene and maltene fractions of crude oil was evaluated. Chlorobenzene provided the highest signal abundance; therefore, it was suggested as the optimum solvent for PSCI. Notably, the fundamental understanding of corona discharge in PSCI acquired in this study provides a basis for further improvement of this technique by way of surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesub Kum
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsik Tae
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Ashton GP, Harding LP, Midgley G, Parkes GMB. Hot-stage microscopy - Direct Analysis in Real-time mass spectrometry (HDM) as a novel tool for monitoring thermally-driven reactions on a small scale. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1128:129-139. [PMID: 32825897 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a requirement for reliable real-time analytical tools for reaction monitoring to optimise chemical syntheses. We have developed a new technique which combines thermal analysis, digital microscopy and chemical identification using ambient ionisation mass spectrometry. We term this hot-stage microscopy-Direct Analysis in Real-Time mass spectrometry (HDM). The technique provides optical data as a function of temperature coupled with chemical characterisation of evolved species, including reactants, intermediates and products throughout the course of a reaction. In addition, only a few milligrams of sample are required with analyte detection down to the nanogram range. We demonstrate the benefits of HDM using a series of solvent-free reactions. Our results confirm the suitability of the technique as the reactions studied follow the same pathways as published previously. The accurate temperature control achieved with HDM could also be used to assess the optimum temperature at which thermally-driven reactions can proceed efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage P Ashton
- Thermal Methods Research Unit, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Lindsay P Harding
- Thermal Methods Research Unit, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK.
| | - Gary Midgley
- Thermal Methods Research Unit, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Gareth M B Parkes
- Thermal Methods Research Unit, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
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8
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Reactive carbon fiber ionization-mass spectrometry for characterization of unsaturated hydrocarbons from plant aroma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5489-5497. [PMID: 32583215 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon fiber ionization (CFI)-mass spectrometry (MS) is an ambient technique that can be used to detect samples in gas, liquid, and solid forms simply by using a piece of carbon fiber as the ionization emitter. Reactive MS can be performed to selectively detect target analytes by conducting fast reactions during ionization. Most ambient ionization MS techniques used to monitor chemical reactions are limited to liquid-phase reactions. Herein, we develop reactive CFI-MS to be a suitable tool for monitoring of reaction products derived from volatile unsaturated hydrocarbons in the gas phase. Hydroamination is a fast reaction that can form a carbon-nitrogen bond through the addition of an amine to unsaturated hydrocarbons. In this study, reactive CFI-MS was used to selectively characterize aroma molecules, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons derived from plants, through hydroamination. A piece of carbon fiber was placed close (~ 1 mm) to the inlet of the mass spectrometer and deposited with dried methylamine. The sample in either liquid or solid form was placed underneath the carbon fiber. The volatiles derived from the sample reacted with amine on the carbon fiber were simultaneously determined once the mass spectrometer was switched on. For proof of concept, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, which has double bonds and is highly volatile, was initially selected as the model sample to demonstrate the feasibility of using reactive CFI-MS to detect its hydroamination derivative. Banana, garlic, and ginger, which possess aroma molecules with unsaturated hydrocarbons, were selected as real-world samples. Graphical abstract.
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9
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Qiu ZD, Chen JL, Zeng W, Ma Y, Chen T, Tang JF, Lai CJS, Huang LQ. Real-time toxicity prediction of Aconitum stewing system using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:903-912. [PMID: 32528836 PMCID: PMC7276682 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to numerous obstacles such as complex matrices, real-time monitoring of complex reaction systems (e.g., medicinal herb stewing system) has always been a challenge though great values for safe and rational use of drugs. Herein, facilitated by the potential ability on the tolerance of complex matrices of extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, a device was established to realize continuous sampling and real-time quantitative analysis of herb stewing system for the first time. A complete analytical strategy, including data acquisition, data mining, and data evaluation was proposed and implemented with overcoming the usual difficulties in real-time mass spectrometry quantification. The complex Fuzi (the lateral root of Aconitum)–meat stewing systems were real-timely monitored in 150 min by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the nine key alkaloids accurately. The results showed that the strategy worked perfectly and the toxicity of the systems were evaluated and predicated accordingly. Stewing with trotters effectively accelerated the detoxification of Fuzi soup and reduced the overall toxicity to 68%, which was recommended to be used practically for treating rheumatic arthritis and enhancing immunity. The established strategy was versatile, simple, and accurate, which would have a wide application prospect in real-time analysis and evaluation of various complex reaction systems.
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10
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Oliveira FMD, Scheel GL, Augusti R, Tarley CRT, Nascentes CC. Supramolecular microextraction combined with paper spray ionization mass spectrometry for sensitive determination of tricyclic antidepressants in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1106:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Puype F, Ackerman LK, Samsonek J. Evaluation of Direct Analysis in Real Time - High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (DART-HRMS) for WEEE specific substance determination in polymeric samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:481-488. [PMID: 31170651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased need for quick screening tools enabling the detection of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), and in particular brominated flame retardants (BFRs), in polymeric materials. Unfortunately, common laboratory techniques might face matrix effects or encounter long sample preparation times. Therefore, an ambient desorption mass spectrometric technique such as Direct Analysis in Real Time - High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (DART-HRMS) might provide fast BFR identification in polymeric objects. Within this pilot-study, the potential of DART-HRMS for the detection of WEEE fractions has been tested on WEEE impacted consumer goods such as toys and food contact articles. The identification of polymeric material containing WEEE to date has relied on measuring multiple parameters such as; polymer purity, bromine and antimony content, as well as presence of rare earth elements (REEs). In this respect DART-HRMS demonstrated an excellent ability to identify BFRs in samples at WEEE relevant concentrations, and in certain cases, volatile antimony species could be detected. DART-HRMS can be used complementary to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and thermal desorption GC-MS. However, more efforts to characterize DART-HRMS sensitivity limits for antimony detection are needed to ensure DART-HRMS adds value as a stand-alone screening technique for WEEE in contaminated polymers and consumer goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franky Puype
- Institute for Testing and Certification, Inc., Trida Tomase Bati 299, Louky, 76302, Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Luke K Ackerman
- Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA, 5001 Campus Dr. College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Jiří Samsonek
- Institute for Testing and Certification, Inc., Trida Tomase Bati 299, Louky, 76302, Zlín, Czech Republic
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12
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Zhang N, Lu M, Duan X, Liu CC, Wang H. In situ calibration of Direct Analysis in Real Time-mass spectrometry for direct quantification: Urine excretion rate index creatinine as an example. Talanta 2019; 201:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Li Z, Wang Y, Cheng Y. Mass Spectrometry-Sensitive Probes Coupled with Direct Analysis in Real Time for Simultaneous Sensing of Chemical and Biological Properties of Botanical Drugs. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9001-9009. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Rare Medicinal Plants, Wuyi 321200, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiyu Cheng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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14
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Wang SK, Wei XY, Li S, Liu FJ, Wang YG, Li ZK, Shi C, Yang Z, Zong ZM. Rapid analysis of carboxylic acids and esters with a direct analysis in real time ion source. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1521-1528. [PMID: 29729046 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Coal oxidation produces carboxylic acids (CAs), including aliphatic acids, benzoic acids, and benzenepolycarboxylic acids, which are important fine chemicals which could be used to understand the structural features of coals. However, detecting CAs usually presents great challenges due to extremely troublesome pretreatments. Therefore, it is essential to develop an analytical method for the rapid detection of CAs from coal oxidation. METHODS A series of model compounds (MCs) of oxidation products and two practical samples were investigated by direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-TOFMS) under three different analytical conditions (ionizing gas temperature, organic solvent, and MC concentration). RESULTS Ionizing methyl benzoate, dimethyl phthalate, and dimethyl adipate produces typical ions of methyl esters, including [M - OCH3 ]+ , [M + H]+ , and [M + NH4 ]+ . In contrast, the characteristic ions generated from CAs are polymer ions, such as [2 M + NH4 ]+ , [3 M + NH4 ]+ , [4 M + NH4 ]+ , and [5 M + NH4 ]+ , indicating the strong intermolecular hydrogen-bond interaction among CAs. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that DART-TOFMS could rapidly analyze CAs or esters in coal oxidation products according to their typical ions to further gain deep insights into the coal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang-Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Gao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhan-Ku Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Analyte and matrix evaporability - key players of low-temperature plasma ionization for ambient mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5123-5130. [PMID: 29951773 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of ambient ionization at atmospheric pressure for mass spectrometry (AI-MS) attracted the interest of many researchers in the field and various ionization techniques have been described in recent years that allow a quick and easy-to-handle analysis of samples under ambient conditions without or with only minor sample preparation. Among those, plasma-based techniques including the low-temperature plasma probe require very little resources thereby providing great potential for implementation in mobile analytical devices. However, systematic studies on signal responsiveness with this technique, such as the influence of the analyte and matrix characteristics on relative signal intensity, are still rare. Therefore, we used a low-temperature plasma source based on dielectric barrier discharge with helium as process gas to assess influencing factors on signal intensity in mass spectrometry. Among 12 tested molecular descriptors, in particular a low vaporization enthalpy and a large molecular nonpolar surface area improve the relative signal intensity. In addition, we show that the impact of compound characteristics strongly outperforms the influence of simple sample matrices such as different organic solvents and water, with a weak trend that volatile solvents tend to decrease the signal responsiveness of the analytes. However, several specific solvent-analyte interactions occurred, which have to be considered in targeted applications of this method. Our results will help further in improving the implementation and standardization of low-temperature plasma ionization for ambient mass spectrometry and understanding the requirements and selectivity of this technique. Graphical abstract Influencing factors (analyte and matrix characteristics) on signal intensity in dielectric-barrier discharge plasma for ionization in mass spectrometry.
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Kerpel dos Santos M, Gleco E, Davidson JT, Jackson GP, Pereira Limberger R, Arroyo LE. DART-MS/MS screening for the determination of 1,3-dimethylamylamine and undeclared stimulants in seized dietary supplements from Brazil. Forensic Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ovcharov MV, Barsegyan SS, Kovaleva SA, Kulikova LN, Borisov RS. New Approaches to the Application of DART Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Planar Chromatography for the Analysis of Mixtures of Organic Compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481714009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shimada H, Maeno K, Kinoshita K, Shida Y. Rapid Analysis of Ingredients in Cream Using Ultrasonic Mist-Direct Analysis in Real-Time Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2393-2400. [PMID: 28699062 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the simultaneous detection of ingredients in pharmaceutical applications such as creams and lotions was developed. An ultrasonic atomizer has been used to produce a mist containing ingredients. The analyte molecules in the mist can be ionized by using direct analysis in real time (DART) at lower temperature than traditionally used, and we thus solved the problem of normal DART-MS measurement using a high-temperature gas. Thereby, molecular-related ions of heat-unstable components and nonvolatile components became detectable. The deprotonated molecular ion of glycyrrhizic acid (m/z 821), which is unstable at high temperatures, was detected without pyrolysis by ultrasonic mist-DART-MS using unheated helium gas, although it was not detected by normal DART-MS using heated helium gas. The cationized molecular ions of derivatives of polyethylene glycol fatty acid monoesters, which are nonvolatile compounds, were also detected as m/z peaks observed from 800 to 2300. Although the protonated molecular ion of tocopherol acetate was not detected in ionization by ultrasonic mist, it was detected by ultrasonic mist-DART-MS even in the emulsion. It was not necessary to dissolve a sample completely to detect its ions. This method enabled us to obtain the composition of pharmaceutical applications simply and rapidly. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Shimada
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 2-2-1 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, 224-8558, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Maeno
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 2-2-1 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, 224-8558, Japan
| | | | - Yasuo Shida
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
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Crawford EA, Gerbig S, Spengler B, Volmer DA. Rapid fingerprinting of lignin by ambient ionization high resolution mass spectrometry and simplified data mining. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 994:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Detection of saponins and oligosaccharides in herbs using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-6297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu C, Yang J, Wang J, Hu Y, Zhao W, Zhou Z, Qi F, Pan Y. Extractive Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (EAPPI) Mass Spectrometry: Rapid Analysis of Chemicals in Complex Matrices. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1597-1605. [PMID: 27460208 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extractive atmospheric pressure photoionization (EAPPI) mass spectrometry was designed for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemicals in complex matrices. In this method, an ultrasonic nebulization system was applied to sample extraction, nebulization, and vaporization. Mixed with a gaseous dopant, vaporized analytes were ionized through ambient photon-induced ion-molecule reactions, and were mass-analyzed by a high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). After careful optimization and testing with pure sample solution, EAPPI was successfully applied to the fast screening of capsules, soil, natural products, and viscous compounds. Analysis was completed within a few seconds without the need for preseparation. Moreover, the quantification capability of EAPPI for matrices was evaluated by analyzing six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. The correlation coefficients (R (2) ) for standard curves of all six PAHs were above 0.99, and the detection limits were in the range of 0.16-0.34 ng/mg. In addition, EAPPI could also be used to monitor organic chemical reactions in real time. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Research and Development Centre, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Research and Development Centre, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Wan Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Zhongyue Zhou
- Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China.
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Yang Y, Deng J. Analysis of pharmaceutical products and herbal medicines using ambient mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wang X, Zheng Y, Wang T, Yang H, Bai Z, Zhang Z. Catalyst Coated Paper Substrate Strategy: Development and Its Application for Copper-Catalysts Screening and Activity Studies. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xi'an Shiyou Unviersity; Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Yajun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xi'an Shiyou Unviersity; Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xi'an Shiyou Unviersity; Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zongquan Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xi'an Shiyou Unviersity; Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xi'an Shiyou Unviersity; Xi'an 710065 China
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Fan X, Wang CF, You CY, Wei XY, Chen L, Cao JP, Zhao YP, Zhao W, Wang YG, Lu JL. Characterization of a Chinese lignite and the corresponding derivatives using direct analysis in real time quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time ionization technique coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS) was applied to characterize raw coal and coal derivatives in the solid state.
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Ingram AJ, Boeser CL, Zare RN. Going beyond electrospray: mass spectrometric studies of chemical reactions in and on liquids. Chem Sci 2015; 7:39-55. [PMID: 28757996 PMCID: PMC5508663 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02740c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed and applied ionization techniques have brought mass spectrometry to bear on previously inaccessible chemistry. We offer our perspective on this field and its application for studying reaction mechanisms.
There has been a burst in the number and variety of available ionization techniques to use mass spectrometry to monitor chemical reactions in and on liquids. Chemists have gained the capability to access chemistry at unprecedented timescales, and monitor reactions and detect intermediates under almost any set of conditions. Herein, recently developed ionization techniques that facilitate mechanistic studies of chemical processes are reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of our perspective on the judicious application of these and similar techniques in order to study reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ingram
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | | | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
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Zhang L, Yong W, Liu J, Wang S, Chen Q, Guo T, Zhang J, Tan T, Su H, Dong Y. Determination of Dicyandiamide in Powdered Milk Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1414-1422. [PMID: 25930094 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization source coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS/MS) system has the capability to desorb analytes directly from samples without sample cleanup or chromatographic separation. In this work, a method based on DART/Q-TOF MS/MS has been developed for rapid identification of dicyandiamide (DCD) present in powdered milk. Simple sample extraction procedure employing acetonitrile-water (80:20, v/v) mixture was followed by direct, high-throughput determination of sample extracts spread on a steel mesh of the transmission module by mass spectrometry under ambient conditions. The method has been evaluated for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of DCD in powdered milk. Variables including experimental apparatus, DART gas heater temperature, sample presentation speed, and vacuum pressure were investigated. The quantitative method was validated with respect to linearity, sensitivity, repeatability, precision, and accuracy by using external standards. After optimization of these parameters, a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 μg kg(-1) was obtained for DCD with a linear working range from 100 to 10000 μg kg(-1) and a satisfactory correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.9997. Good recovery (80.08%-106.47%) and repeatability (RSD = 3.0%-5.4%) were achieved for DCD. The DART/Q-TOF MS/MS-based method provides a rapid, efficient, and powerful scheme to analyze DCD in powdered milk with limited sample preparation, thus reducing time and complexity of quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Ding X, Duan Y. Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry techniques: The current status and future prospective. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:449-73. [PMID: 24338668 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry is emerging as a frontier technology for direct analysis of sample that employs low-energy plasma as the ionization reagent. The versatile sources of ambient mass spectrometry (MS) can be classified according to the plasma formation approaches; namely, corona discharge, glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, and microwave-induced discharge. These techniques allow pretreatment-free detection of samples, ranging from biological materials (e.g., flies, bacteria, plants, tissues, peptides, metabolites, and lipids) to pharmaceuticals, food-stuffs, polymers, chemical warfare reagents, and daily-use chemicals. In most cases, plasma-based ambient MS performs well as a qualitative tool and as an analyzer for semi-quantitation. Herein, we provide an overview of the key concepts, mechanisms, and applications of plasma-based ambient MS techniques, and discuss the challenges and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zou WS, Lin S, Li JY, Wei HQ, Zhang XQ, Shen DX, Qiao JQ, Lian HZ, Xie DQ, Ge X. Mechanism and application of halogen bond induced fluorescence enhancement and iodine molecule cleavage in solution. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding between iodine and ciprofloxacin (I⋯N XB) induces I–I cleavage with fluorescence enhancement.
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Kiguchi O, Oka K, Tamada M, Kobayashi T, Onodera J. Thin-layer chromatography/direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry and isotope dilution to analyze organophosphorus insecticides in fatty foods. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1370:246-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Deng J, Yang Y, Fang L, Lin L, Zhou H, Luan T. Coupling Solid-Phase Microextraction with Ambient Mass Spectrometry Using Surface Coated Wooden-Tip Probe for Rapid Analysis of Ultra Trace Perfluorinated Compounds in Complex Samples. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11159-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5034177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Deng
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong
Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology, China National Analytical Center Guangzhou, 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li Lin
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haiyun Zhou
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Salter TLR, Bunch J, Gilmore IS. Importance of Sample Form and Surface Temperature for Analysis by Ambient Plasma Mass Spectrometry (PADI). Anal Chem 2014; 86:9264-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502363v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S. Gilmore
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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Kim HJ, Park SR, Jang YP. Extraction-free in situ derivatisation of timosaponin AIII using direct analysis in real time TOF/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:373-377. [PMID: 24307599 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Direct analysis in real time (DART) TOF/MS has been used for mass information of various non-polar phytochemicals in raw material with no sample preparation. However, low ionisation efficiency for polar compounds including glycosides limits its extensive use in the field of phytochemical analysis. OBJECTIVE In order to develop a direct analysis method for polar glycosides using in situ derivatisation, which improves ionisation efficiency of hydrophilic glycosides. METHOD Anemarrhena Rhizoma was used as a model plant targeting on Timosaponin AIII utilising a Dip-It module. Permethylation was applied to the powdered raw material with tetramethylammonium hydroxide in front of a DART ion source. Also, DART TOF/MS combined with permethylation was applied to timosaponin AIII standard solution to obtain the limit of detection (LOD). RESULTS In situ methylation of timosaponin AIII and Anemarrhena Rhizoma raw material were successfully used to ionise the glycoside. The LOD was found to be in the range of 2.4-4.8 ng for permethylated timosaponin AIII and this level is four times higher than the range of the underivatisation analysis. Direct analysis of permethylated timosaponin from Anemarrhena Rhizoma was also successfully performed. CONCLUSION A simple and quick derivatisation method with tetramethylammonium hydroxide was developed for the direct identification of a hydrophilic saponin from the plant tissue. Better ionisation efficiency conferred by in situ permethylation enabled ionisation of whole molecules of timosaponin AIII from the plant tissue. This simple analytical method will provide a solution to reduce tedious sample preparation steps, not only for non-polar but also hydrophilic natural products directly from the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
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Yan X, Sokol E, Li X, Li G, Xu S, Cooks RG. On-Line Reaction Monitoring and Mechanistic Studies by Mass Spectrometry: Negishi Cross-Coupling, Hydrogenolysis, and Reductive Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5931-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yan X, Sokol E, Li X, Li G, Xu S, Cooks RG. On-Line Reaction Monitoring and Mechanistic Studies by Mass Spectrometry: Negishi Cross-Coupling, Hydrogenolysis, and Reductive Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang L, Zeng S, Chen T, Qu H. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry, a process analytical technology tool for real-time process monitoring in botanical drug manufacturing. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 91:202-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sekimoto K, Sakakura M, Kawamukai T, Hike H, Shiota T, Usui F, Bando Y, Takayama M. Ionization characteristics of amino acids in direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. Analyst 2014; 139:2589-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Analytes used in DART mass spectrometry can be oxidized by hydrogen radicals HO˙ via oxygen attachment and hydrogen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sekimoto
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience
- Yokohama City University
- Yokohama, 236-0027 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mitsuo Takayama
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience
- Yokohama City University
- Yokohama, 236-0027 Japan
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Yang Y, Deng J, Yao ZP. Pharmaceutical analysis by solid-substrate electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with wooden tips. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:37-47. [PMID: 24104724 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) using wooden tips as solid substrates allows direct ionization of various samples and their simple and efficient analyses by mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, wooden-tip ESI-MS was used for pharmaceutical analysis. A wide variety of active components present in pharmaceuticals with forms of tablets, capsules, granules, dry suspensions, suspensions, drops, and oral liquids, etc., were all successfully ionized directly for mass spectrometric analysis. Trace degradation products were also sensitively detected using wooden-tip ESI-MS. This strategy was extended to construct chemical fingerprints of herbal products containing complex and unknown components, and the fingerprints provided valuable information for their quality assessment and origin tracing. Our experimental data demonstrated that wooden-tip ESI-MS is a useful tool for rapid pharmaceutical analysis, with high sensitivity and wide applicability, showing promising perspectives for quality assessment and control, authentication, and origin tracing of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology, China National Analytical Center Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510070, China,
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Zhao J, Deng J, Chen Y, Li S. Advanced phytochemical analysis of herbal tea in China. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:2-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Direct analysis in real time—a critical review on DART-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:63-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Graphene matrix for signal enhancement in ambient plasma assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 114:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Deng J, Yang Y. Chemical fingerprint analysis for quality assessment and control of Bansha herbal tea using paper spray mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 785:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Martínez-Villalba A, Vaclavik L, Moyano E, Galceran MT, Hajslova J. Direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry for high-throughput analysis of antiparasitic veterinary drugs in feed and food. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:467-475. [PMID: 23280979 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Direct analysis in real time (DART) is a novel ionization technique that has been demonstrated in numerous applications as a useful tool for fast and convenient mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of complex samples. In this study, the feasibility of DART ionization coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer utilizing an orbitrap mass analyzer (orbitrap MS) for high-throughput analysis of antiparasitic veterinary drugs was explored. METHODS To obtain the best DART-orbitrap MS performance, stepwise optimization of instrumental parameter settings, such as ionization gas temperature and mass resolving power, was performed. The optimized method was applied to feed and bovine milk samples previously extracted following a QuEChERS-like strategy. RESULTS Most antiparasitic drugs could be analyzed following the described method. Positive DART ionization provided the protonated molecules [M+H](+); in negative DART ion mode, deprotonated molecules [M-H](-) were observed. As an exception, polyether ionophores could be observed as the sodiated adducts [M+Na](+). Samples of milk and feed were extracted using a modified QuEChERS method for the determination of benzimidazoles and coccidiostats respectively and quantification was carried out by matrix-matched calibration curves. CONCLUSIONS The combination of an analysis time of less than 1 min per sample and the possibility to acquire accurate masses under high mass resolving power (HR) makes the DART-HRMS technique an effective tool for rapid qualitative screening of antiparasitic veterinary drugs. Additionally, the results obtained in this study demonstrated the feasibility of this approach to quantify target analytes at levels down to 1 µg kg(-1) for benzimidazolic compounds in milk and 0.25 mg kg(-1) for coccidiostats in chicken feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Martínez-Villalba
- Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Yang H, Wan D, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Argon Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry in Conjunction with Makeup Solvents: A Method for Analysis of Labile Compounds. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1305-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3026543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yang
- Changchun
Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Debin Wan
- Changchun
Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- Changchun
Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Changchun
Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Changchun
Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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45
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Chang C, Xu G, Bai Y, Zhang C, Li X, Li M, Liu Y, Liu H. Online Coupling of Capillary Electrophoresis with Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303450v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Chang
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gege Xu
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengsen Zhang
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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46
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Albert A, Engelhard C. Characteristics of low-temperature plasma ionization for ambient mass spectrometry compared to electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10657-64. [PMID: 23134531 DOI: 10.1021/ac302287x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) is an attractive method for direct analysis with applications in homeland security, forensics, and human health. For example, low-temperature plasma probe (LTP) ionization was successfully used to detect, e.g., explosives, drugs, and pesticides directly on the target. Despite the fact that the field is gaining significant attention, few attempts have been made to classify ambient ionization techniques based on their ionization characteristics and performance compared to conventional ionization sources used in mass spectrometry. In the present study, relative ionization efficiencies (RIEs) for a large group of compound families were determined with LTP-Orbitrap-MS and compared to those obtained with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). RIEs were normalized against one reference compound used across all methods to ensure comparability of the results. Typically, LTP analyte ionization through protonation/deprotonation (e.g., 4-acetamidophenol) was observed; in some cases (e.g., acenaphthene) radicals were formed. Amines, amides, and aldehydes were ionized successfully with LTP. A benefit of LTP over conventional methods is the possibility to successfully ionize PAHs and imides. Here, the studied model compounds could be detected by neither APCI nor ESI. LTP is a relatively soft ionization method because little fragmentation of model compounds was observed. It is considered to be an attractive method for the ionization of low molecular weight compounds over a relatively wide polarity range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Albert
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Correnstrasse 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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47
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Rapid quality assessment of Radix Aconiti Preparata using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 752:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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48
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Chang C, Zhou Z, Yang Y, Han Y, Bai Y, Zhao M, Liu H. Normal phase LC coupled with direct analysis in real time MS for the chiral analysis of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and jasmonic acid. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3387-93. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Zhigui Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Youyou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Yehua Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
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Abstract
Sample preparation has historically been, and continues to be, the most challenging part of the bioanalytical workflow. Several techniques have been developed over the years to deal with the problems of recovery and matrix effects in an effort to increase the reliability and robustness of the bioanalytical method. In recent years certain techniques have come into prominence and gained acceptance in routine sample preparation, and some have shown promise in their use in a discovery environment where speed is critical and method development time is often limited. The aim of this review is to examine several of these techniques and provide examples of their use from the literature, as well as comment on their utility in current workflows.
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50
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Lee SM, Kim HJ, Jang YP. Chemometric classification of morphologically similar Umbelliferae medicinal herbs by DART-TOF-MS fingerprint. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:508-512. [PMID: 22271502 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It needs many years of special training to gain expertise on the organoleptic classification of botanical raw materials and, even for those experts, discrimination among Umbelliferae medicinal herbs remains an intricate challenge due to their morphological similarity. OBJECTIVE To develop a new chemometric classification method using a direct analysis in real time-time of flight-mass spectrometry (DART-TOF-MS) fingerprinting for Umbelliferae medicinal herbs and to provide a platform for its application to the discrimination of other herbal medicines. METHODOLOGY Angelica tenuissima, Angelica gigas, Angelica dahurica and Cnidium officinale were chosen for this study and ten samples of each species were purchased from various Korean markets. DART-TOF-MS was employed on powdered raw materials to obtain a chemical fingerprint of each sample and the orthogonal partial-least squares method in discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS All samples of collected species were successfully discriminated from each other according to their characteristic DART-TOF-MS fingerprint. Decursin (or decursinol angelate) and byakangelicol were identified as marker molecules for Angelica gigas and A. dahurica, respectively. Using the OPLS method for discriminant analysis, Angelica tenuissima and Cnidium officinale were clearly separated into two groups. Angelica tenuissima was characterised by the presence of ligustilide and unidentified molecular ions of m/z 239 and 283, while senkyunolide A together with signals with m/z 387 and 389 were the marker compounds for Cnidium officinale. CONCLUSION Elaborating with chemoinformatics, DART-TOF-MS fingerprinting with chemoinformatic tools results in a powerful method for the classification of morphologically similar Umbelliferae medicinal herbs and quality control of medicinal herbal products, including the extracts of these crude drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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