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Wu Y, Kurosaka H, Wang Q, Inubushi T, Nakatsugawa K, Kikuchi M, Ohara H, Tsujimoto T, Natsuyama S, Shida Y, Sandell LL, Trainor PA, Yamashiro T. Retinoic Acid Deficiency Underlies the Etiology of Midfacial Defects. J Dent Res 2022; 101:686-694. [PMID: 35001679 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211062049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic craniofacial development depends on the coordinated outgrowth and fusion of multiple facial primordia, which are populated with cranial neural crest cells and covered by the facial ectoderm. Any disturbance in these developmental events, their progenitor tissues, or signaling pathways can result in craniofacial deformities such as orofacial clefts, which are among the most common birth defects in humans. In the present study, we show that Rdh10 loss of function leads to a substantial reduction in retinoic acid (RA) signaling in the developing frontonasal process during early embryogenesis, which results in a variety of craniofacial anomalies, including midfacial cleft and ectopic chondrogenic nodules. Elevated apoptosis and perturbed cell proliferation in postmigratory cranial neural crest cells and a substantial reduction in Alx1 and Alx3 transcription in the developing frontonasal process were associated with midfacial cleft in Rdh10-deficient mice. More important, expanded Shh signaling in the ventral forebrain, as well as partial abrogation of midfacial defects in Rdh10 mutants via inhibition of Hh signaling, indicates that misregulation of Shh signaling underlies the pathogenesis of reduced RA signaling-associated midfacial defects. Taken together, these data illustrate the precise spatiotemporal function of Rdh10 and RA signaling during early embryogenesis and their importance in orchestrating molecular and cellular events essential for normal midfacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - T Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - K Nakatsugawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - M Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Ohara
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - T Tsujimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - S Natsuyama
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Y Shida
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - L L Sandell
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - P A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - T Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Kakuwa T, Ariga A, Takasaki J, Kato M, Igari T, Shida Y, Okafuji T, Nakamura S, Miyazaki Y, Katano H, Iikura M, Izumi S, Sugiyama H. Mucor pulmonary embolism in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 30:101035. [PMID: 32190545 PMCID: PMC7068122 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infectious disease that occurs most commonly in immunocompromised patients such as those with hematological malignancies. Its clinical symptoms and associated radiological findings vary and specific biomarkers and culture characteristics have not been defined. An 85-year-old man who had been treated for myelodysplastic syndrome and tuberculosis for several months presented with subacute fever and worsening left-side chest pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography images depicted massive tumor-like consolidation without enhancement, expanding from the left lower lobe. Emboli that did not respond to anticoagulants were detected in the left descending pulmonary artery. Despite intensive treatment he developed multiple organ failure and died 47 days after hospitalization. Gross pathology of a lung autopsy specimen revealed left lower pulmonary arterial emboli and pulmonary infarction, which was concluded to be the direct cause of death. The emboli were histopathologically identified as invasive mycelia in vessels. Mucor sp. was detected via real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistopathological analyses revealed that the mold in the blood vessels of lung tissue was partially positive for the mucor antigen. In the present case of Mucor sp. pulmonary emboli in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome, radiographic findings were hard to distinguish from those typical of a lung abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kakuwa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Ariga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Takasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kato
- Department of Pathology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Igari
- Department of Pathology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Shida
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Okafuji
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Nakamura
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Miyazaki
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Iikura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Izumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Sugiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Shimada H, Maeno K, Kinoshita K, Shida Y. Rapid Analysis of Ingredients in Cream Using Ultrasonic Mist-Direct Analysis in Real-Time Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2017; 28:2393-2400. [PMID: 28699062 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the simultaneous detection of ingredients in pharmaceutical applications such as creams and lotions was developed. An ultrasonic atomizer has been used to produce a mist containing ingredients. The analyte molecules in the mist can be ionized by using direct analysis in real time (DART) at lower temperature than traditionally used, and we thus solved the problem of normal DART-MS measurement using a high-temperature gas. Thereby, molecular-related ions of heat-unstable components and nonvolatile components became detectable. The deprotonated molecular ion of glycyrrhizic acid (m/z 821), which is unstable at high temperatures, was detected without pyrolysis by ultrasonic mist-DART-MS using unheated helium gas, although it was not detected by normal DART-MS using heated helium gas. The cationized molecular ions of derivatives of polyethylene glycol fatty acid monoesters, which are nonvolatile compounds, were also detected as m/z peaks observed from 800 to 2300. Although the protonated molecular ion of tocopherol acetate was not detected in ionization by ultrasonic mist, it was detected by ultrasonic mist-DART-MS even in the emulsion. It was not necessary to dissolve a sample completely to detect its ions. This method enabled us to obtain the composition of pharmaceutical applications simply and rapidly. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Shimada
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 2-2-1 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, 224-8558, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Maeno
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 2-2-1 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, 224-8558, Japan
| | | | - Yasuo Shida
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
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Yaoi H, Shida Y, Ogiwara K, Hosokawa K, Shima M, Nogami K. Role of red blood cells in the anemia-associated bleeding under high shear conditions. Haemophilia 2017; 23:750-758. [PMID: 28470853 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) contribute to hemostasis under blood-flow, and anemia might contribute to a hemorrhagic diathesis. The majority of current laboratory techniques to assess hemostasis do not consider the effects of RBCs. An assay to determine the role of RBCs in hemostasis could be beneficial for clinical management. OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of RBCs in hemostasis. METHODS Hemostasis was investigated using a novel microchip flow-chamber system (T-TAS® ) in an anemic patient with von Willebrand disease. Subsequently, the effects of RBCs in total thrombus analysis system (T-TAS) were examined using reconstituted whole blood at various hematocrit levels. RESULTS In vivo: When the patient was anemic and demonstrated persisted hemorrhagic symptoms despite the maintained adequate von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor activity levels, thrombus formation determined by T-TAS was delayed. However, transfusions of RBCs resolved bleeding symptom and, accordingly, the thrombus formation in T-TAS improved. In vitro: Thrombus formation determined by T-TAS at 1000 s-1 was dose-dependent on hematocrit (the time to reach 10 kPa (T10 ): 10.0 ± 0, 9.5 ± 1.4, 6.7 ± 2.4, 2.8 ± 1.6 min at hematocrits of 0%, 12.5%, 25% and 50%, respectively). Markedly defective thrombus formation (T10 >10 min) was confirmed at a hematocrit <25% at 2000 s-1 . CONCLUSION Red blood cells play an essential role in hemostasis under high shear, and RBC transfusions could be effective for refractory bleeding in patients with anemia. T-TAS measurements appear to reflect the hemostatic consequences of diminished red cell numbers under blood-flow, and could provide a valuable means for monitoring patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yaoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Y Shida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - K Ogiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - K Hosokawa
- Research Institute, Fujimori Kogyo Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Shima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - K Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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5
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Nogami K, Ogiwara K, Yada K, Shida Y, Takeyama M, Yaoi H, Minami H, Furukawa S, Hosokawa K, Shima M. Assessing the clinical severity of type 1 von Willebrand disease patients with a microchip flow-chamber system. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:667-74. [PMID: 27061057 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical phenotype of von Willebrand disease (VWD) is heterogeneous, and von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) does not always reflect clinical severity, especially in VWD type 1. We have reported the potential of a microchip flow-chamber system (Total-Thrombus Formation Analysis System [T-TAS®]) for assessing physiologic hemostasis in VWD. Aim To evaluate the relationship between T-TAS, bleeding score (BS) and laboratory test results in type 1 VWD patients. METHODS Microchips coated with collagen (platelet chip [PL-chip]) or collagen/thromboplastin (AR-chip) were used to assess platelet thrombus formation (PTF) at high shear rates or fibrin-rich PTF at low shear rates, respectively, in whole blood from 50 patients. The times needed for the flow pressure to increase by 10 kPa and 30 kPa (T10 and T30 ) from baseline were calculated from flow pressure curves. BS was determined by the use of a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS PL-T10 values correlated with BS (R(2) ~ 0.45) better than VWF:RCo (R(2) ~ 0.36), irrespective of the flow rate, whereas AR-T10 showed only a weak correlation with BS (R(2) ~ 0.18). Patients with PL-T10 > 10 min or AR-T10 > 30 min had lower VWF levels and higher BS than those with PL-T10 ≤ 10 min or AR-T10 ≤ 30 min, and the greatest differences were observed with PL-T10. Clinical severity appeared to correlate best with PL-T10 > 8 min. BS was significantly higher in patients with VWF:RCo of < 10 IU dL(-1) than in those with VWF:RCo of 10 IU dL(-1) to < 25 IU dL(-1) and 25-40 IU dL(-1). In patients with VWF:RCo of < 10 IU dL(-1) , BS was significantly higher in those with PL-T10 > 8 min than in those with PL-T10 ≤ 8 min. CONCLUSION T-TAS could be a useful technique for discriminating and predicting BS in VWD type 1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - K Ogiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - K Yada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Y Shida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - M Takeyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - H Yaoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - H Minami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - S Furukawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - K Hosokawa
- Research Institute, Fujimori Kogyo Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Shima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Takeyama M, Nogami K, Onaka M, Yada K, Shida Y, Shima M. The utility of VWF multimer analysis in response to the desmopressin administration for the diagnosis of severe type 1 von Willebrand disease. Haemophilia 2016; 22:e106-e108. [PMID: 26823111 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Takeyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - K Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - M Onaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - K Yada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Y Shida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - M Shima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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7
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Takeyama M, Nogami K, Shida Y, Yada K, Hirose T, Hayata Y, Tabayashi N, Taniguchi S, Akasaki Y, Kawaraguchi Y, Kawaguchi M, Shima M. Successful haemostatic management of replacement of the ascending aorta for type A acute aortic dissection in a patient with mild haemophilia B. Haemophilia 2016; 22:e109-e111. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Takeyama
- Department of Pediatrics; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - K. Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - Y. Shida
- Department of Pediatrics; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - K. Yada
- Department of Pediatrics; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - T. Hirose
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - Y. Hayata
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - N. Tabayashi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - S. Taniguchi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - Y. Akasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - Y. Kawaraguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - M. Kawaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
| | - M. Shima
- Department of Pediatrics; Nara Medical University; Kashihara, Nara Japan
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Tsuchiya M, Fukaya H, Shida Y. Cluster composition distributions of pure ethanol: influence of water and ion-molecule reactions revealed by liquid-ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2013; 2:A0015. [PMID: 24349916 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of clusters in condensed phase at atmospheric pressure are very important for understanding the properties and structures of liquids. Liquid-ionization (LPI) mass spectrometry is useful to study hydrogen-bonded clusters at the liquid surface and in a gas phase. An improved ion source connected to a tandem mass spectrometer provides detailed information about clusters. Mass spectra of pure ethanol (99.5%) observed by the first mass analyzer (Q1) showed neat ethanol cluster ions (C2H5OH) m H(+) with m up to 10 and hydrate ions (C2H5OH) m (H2O) n H(+) with m larger than 7 and n=1, such as those with m-n=8-1 and 9-1. When the flow rate of ethanol (liquid) was increased, large ethanol cluster ions with m larger than 25 were observed by the second mass analyzer (Q3). It is interesting to note that neat ethanol cluster ions are more abundant than corresponding (with the same m) hydrate ions (n=1), and major hydrate ions contain only one molecule of water. Results indicate that ion-molecule reactions occur between Q1 and Q3, because such mass spectra have never been observed by Q1. Various results indicate that neat ethanol clusters exist at the liquid surface and are ionized to give cluster ions.
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Shida Y, Takahashi N, Sakamoto T, Ino H, Endo A, Hirama T. The pharmacokinetics and safety profiles of belimumab after single subcutaneous and intravenous doses in healthy Japanese volunteers. J Clin Pharm Ther 2013; 39:97-101. [PMID: 24117862 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVES Belimumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that binds and antagonizes the biological activity of soluble B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) protein. BLyS appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, and the biological profile of belimumab suggests that it may have a therapeutic benefit in the treatment for the disease. In this healthy Japanese subjects study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single subcutaneous and intravenous injection of belimumab administered as a 200 mg/mL liquid formulation. METHODS This was an open-label, randomized, parallel-group, single-dose study in healthy Japanese subjects. Each subject received a single intravenous infusion or a subcutaneous injection of 200 mg belimumab. The pharmacokinetic parameters and safety parameters including local tolerance (injection site), biomarkers, immunogenicity and adverse events were evaluated up to 70 days post-dosing. RESULTS After a single intravenous or a subcutaneous administration of 200 mg belimumab, all 16 subjects completed the study. There were no serious adverse events or adverse events related to injection site reactions. All seven adverse events were considered mild or moderate in intensity and deemed unrelated to belimumab except for cellulitis following intravenous administration. The bioavailability of the single subcutaneous dose of 200 mg belimumab in the subjects was estimated to be 77·5%. Time to the maximum serum concentration after subcutaneous injection was 6·5 days (median). The geometric mean terminal half-life was comparable between the two administration routes (17·7 days intravenous and 15·9 days subcutaneous). Serum immunoglobulin G level decreased slightly after each treatment. No subjects were found to produce antibelimumab antibodies. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS A favourable absolute bioavailability in healthy Japanese subjects was seen following a subcutaneous injection of 200 mg belimumab. Considering the intersubject variability, exposures were consistent with those previously observed in healthy non-Japanese subjects. Safety and biomarker data were also consistent with previous non-Japanese clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shida
- Clinical Pharmacology, Medicines Development, Development & Medical Affairs Division, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Tokyo, Japan
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Mandal MK, Ozawa T, Saha S, Rahman MM, Iwasa M, Shida Y, Nonami H, Hiraoka K. Development of sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and its application to real time pesticide analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:7889-7895. [PMID: 23875640 DOI: 10.1021/jf4014718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
For the real time and direct analysis of chemical constituents from living beings and dry sample, sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SF-PESI-MS) has been newly developed. The components from dry or semidry biological tissues can be extracted using the solvent and picked up by the needle for electrospray. This technique was applied to real-time pesticide analysis of living plants. The results have been validated with that of a well-known system, liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA-MS). It is demonstrated that SF-PESI-MS can produce reasonable ionization efficiency, which is confirmed by LESA-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Kanti Mandal
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
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Rahman MO, Mandal MK, Shida Y, Ninomiya S, Chen LC, Nonami H, Hiraoka K. Development of sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization (SF-PESI). J Mass Spectrom 2013; 48:823-829. [PMID: 23832938 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) uses a sharp solid needle as electrospray emitter. This method was found to be applicable to the analysis of real-world samples with high concentrations of salts and detergents without sample pretreatment. Since PESI is only applicable to wet samples but not to dry samples, sheath-flow PESI (SF-PESI) has been developed. The metal needle was inserted into the fine plastic capillary with a protrusion of 0.1-0.2 mm from the capillary terminus. The solvent was supplied continuously through the capillary. At the lowest position of the probe, solvent flowing out from the capillary makes the sample wet and extracts the analytes from the surface. The extracted analytes were electrosprayed at the highest position of the needle. SF-PESI was successfully applied to samples such as narcotics, tablets, bill, fruits, potatoes, etc.
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12
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Saha S, Mandal MK, Chen LC, Ninomiya S, Shida Y, Hiraoka K. Trace level detection of explosives in solution using leidenfrost phenomenon assisted thermal desorption ambient mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2013; 2:S0008. [PMID: 24349927 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper demonstrates the detection of explosives in solution using thermal desorption technique at a temperature higher than Leidenfrost temperature of the solvent in combination with low temperature plasma (LTP) ionization. Leidenfrost temperature of a solvent is the temperature above which the solvent droplet starts levitation instead of splashing when placed on a hot metallic surface. During this desorption process, slow and gentle solvent evaporation takes place, which leads to the pre-concentration of less-volatile explosive molecules in the droplet and the explosive molecules are released at the last moment of droplet evaporation. The limits of detection for explosives studied by using this thermal desorption LTP ionization method varied in a range of 1 to 10 parts per billion (ppb) using a droplet volume of 20 μL (absolute sample amount 90-630 fmol). As LTP ionization method was applied and ion-molecule reactions took place in ambient atmosphere, various ion-molecule adduct species like [M+NO2](-), [M+NO3](-), [M+HCO3](-), [M+HCO4](-) were generated together with [M-H](-) peak. Each peak was unambiguously identified using 'Exactive Orbitrap' mass spectrometer in negative ionization mode within 3 ppm deviation compared to its exact mass. This newly developed technique was successfully applied to detect four explosives contained in the pond water and soil sample with minor sample pre-treatment and the explosives were detected with ppb levels. The present method is simple, rapid and can detect trace levels of explosives with high specificity from solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee Chuin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yasuo Shida
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
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Shida Y, Hara K, Nohda S, Soutome T, Hirama T. The pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of zanamivir after single and repeat intravenous administration in healthy Japanese males. J Clin Pharm Ther 2013; 38:236-40. [PMID: 23489210 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Neuraminidase inhibitors are important options for the treatment of infection by the influenza virus. For the treatment of severe influenza, parenteral administration of a neuraminidase inhibitor may be desirable. This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of intravenous zanamivir, an influenza viral neuraminidase inhibitor, in Japanese subjects to further characterize these profiles particularly following relatively high-doses when compared with inhalation doses and to provide reassurance that there are no marked differences with profiles reported for other ethnically different populations. METHODS Single doses of 100, 300, 600 mg zanamivir were administered to healthy Japanese men in a randomized, double-blind, ascending dose, placebo-controlled, incomplete three-period cross-over study. In period 3, subjects were given 600 mg of zanamivir on day 1, followed by a 60 h washout period and then a 5-day course of 600 mg zanamivir twice daily. Each subjects received two of three active dosages of zanamivir from 100, 300 and 600 mg, and placebo. RESULTS Adverse events reported in the study were all mild in intensity and resolved without any treatment. The mean AUC0-∞ values after single intravenous administration of 100, 300 and 600 mg were 16768, 53462 and 100400 ng·h/mL, respectively, demonstrating dose proportionality. No accumulation or time variance was observed after 5 days of twice-daily administration of 600 mg zanamivir. Urinary concentrations of zanamivir after single doses ranging from 100 to 600 mg indicated that over 94% of the zanamivir administered was excreted in urine within 24 h. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Single and 5-day BID repeat dosing of 600 mg were safely administered in Japanese healthy subjects. The pharmacokinetic profile of zanamivir after intravenous administration was consistent with previously reported findings in non-Japanese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shida
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Medicines Development, Development & Medical Affairs Division, GlaxoSmithKline K.K, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mandal MK, Yoshimura K, Saha S, Ninomiya S, Rahman MO, Yu Z, Chen LC, Shida Y, Takeda S, Nonami H, Hiraoka K. Solid probe assisted nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry for biological tissue diagnostics. Analyst 2013; 137:4658-61. [PMID: 22937532 DOI: 10.1039/c2an36006c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To perform remote and direct sampling for mass spectrometry, solid probe assisted nanoelectrospray ionization (SPA-nanoESI) has been newly developed. After capturing the sample on the tip of the needle by sticking it to the biological tissue, the needle was inserted into the solvent-preloaded nanoESI capillary from the backside. NanoESI gave abundant ion signals for human kidney tissues and the liver of a living mouse. The method is easy to operate and versatile because any biological specimen could be sampled away from the mass spectrometer. Minimal invasiveness is another merit of this method.
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Mandal MK, Saha S, Yoshimura K, Shida Y, Takeda S, Nonami H, Hiraoka K. Biomolecular analysis and cancer diagnostics by negative mode probe electrospray ionization. Analyst 2013; 138:1682-8. [PMID: 23348832 DOI: 10.1039/c3an36554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have examined several combinations of solvents and probes with the aim of optimizing the ionization conditions for biomolecules e.g., proteins, peptides and lipids by negative mode probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PESI-MS). With the data presented in this study, negative-mode PESI-MS can be considered as a potential tool for biomolecular analysis and cancer diagnostics because of its simplicity in instrumental configuration. A sharper sampling probe was found to be better for obtaining high quality mass spectra because it can generate stable electrospray without the occurrence of gas breakdown. Although the best conditions may depend on each sample, aqueous organic solvent solutions, especially isopropanol-H(2)O (1/1) with a pH of ≥7, are shown to be preferable for negative-mode PESI-MS, which was successfully applied to colon cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Kanti Mandal
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511 Japan.
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Ichiyanagi T, Kashiwada Y, Shida Y, Sekiya M, Hatano Y, Takaishi Y, Ikeshiro Y. Structural elucidation and biological fate of two glucuronyl metabolites of pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in rats. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:569-578. [PMID: 23256460 DOI: 10.1021/jf3032793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A high proportion of pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Pg3G) is metabolized to glucuronides and excreted in mammal urine after ingestion of strawberry fruit, suggesting that these metabolites play important functional roles in vivo. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the structures and determine the biological fate of the two dominant metabolites of Pg3G in rats to enable an accurate discussion of the biological properties of anthocyanins. Authentic Pg3G was orally administered to rats. One pelargonidin monoglucuronide and three Pg3G-monoglucuronides (glucuronides of the glucoside) were identified together with intact Pg3G in both blood plasma and urine samples. The structures of the two dominant metabolites were elucidated as pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Pg3GlcA) and pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucuronyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside by means of (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and heteronuclear multiple-bond connective spectroscopy. The bioavailability of Pg3G in its intact form was 0.31% of the orally administered dose, and 0.65% was absorbed in the Pg3GlcA form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Japan.
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Moriyasu T, Minowa K, Sakamoto M, Kishimoto K, Kadoi H, Nakajima J, Mori K, Ogino S, Fukaya H, Shida Y. Differentiation between sulfoaildenafil and its analogs. J AOAC Int 2012; 94:1770-7. [PMID: 22320083 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.10-425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An analog of aildenafil, which is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5, was found in a dietary supplement marketed for enhancement of sexual function. The compound was isolated by silica gel column chromatography, and its structure was identified by means of 13C-NMR spectrometry, 1H-NMR spectrometry, high-resolution MS, and X-ray structure determination. The compound was identified to be sulfoaildenafil (other names: thioaildenafil, dimethyl sildenafil thione, and thiomethisosildenafil). Sulfoaildenafil is very similar to the compound thiohomosildenafil. As it is difficult to distinguish between them by LC-photodiode array detector analysis, ultra-performance LC (UPLC)/MS, ion trap LC/MS/MS (LC/IT-MS/MS), and GC/MS were performed. The mass spectra of thiohomosildenafil by UPLC/MS and LC/IT-MS/MS showed mass fragments of m/z 58, 72, and 355, and the mass spectrum by GC/MS showed mass fragments of m/z 56, 72, and 420. Some of these fragments had low intensities, but they were useful for distinguishing between the two compounds. The relationship between aildenafil (other names: dimethylsildenafil and methisosildenafil) and homosildenafil is similar to that between sulfoaildenafil and thiohomosildenafil. Therefore, these compounds were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Moriyasu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 24-1 Hyakunincho 3-chome Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan.
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Abstract
ABSTRACTAn investigation has been made on the effect of ternary additions of Mo and other elements on the room temperature tensile ductility and high temperature strength, including creep rupture strength in TiAl based alloys. Mo modified Ti-rich TiAl in an annealed condition exhibited higher tensile ductility at room temperature than other well-known Cr or Mn modified alloys, this resulting from the refinment of mean grain size in the duplex structure of lamellar (γ+α2) and single phase (γ) rather than the crystalline tetragonality of the γ phase. Moreover, creep strength in as cast Ti-rich TiAl is improved with the addition of Mo, and lowered with the addition of Mn. These results suggest that Mo modified Ti-rich TiAl can enhance, the potential of TiAl as a high temperature material more than other ternary modified TiAl.
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Nakamura T, Saito M, Shimada Y, Fukaya H, Shida Y, Tokuji Y. Induction of aminolevulinic acid synthase gene expression and enhancement of metabolite, protoporphyrin IX, excretion by organic germanium. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 653:75-81. [PMID: 21167148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Asakawa M, Gomez-Delan G, Tsuruda S, Shimomura M, Shida Y, Taniyama S, Barte-Quilantang M, Shindo J. Toxicity Assessment of the Xanthid Crab Demania cultripes from Cebu Island, Philippines. J Toxicol 2010; 2010:172367. [PMID: 21209702 PMCID: PMC3010647 DOI: 10.1155/2010/172367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cases of poisoning resulting in human fatalities and stemming from the ingestion of coral reef crabs have been reported from the Indo-Pacific region. We assessed the toxicity of the unidentified xanthid crab collected from the Camotes Sea off the eastern coast of Cebu Island, central Visayas region of Philippines from the food hygienic point of view. All seven specimens, which were identified with Demania cultripes, collected in 2006 were toxic to mice irrespective of the season of collection and induced paralytic symptoms typical of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP). The activity was expressed in mouse unit (MU) being defined as the amount of TTX to kill a 20 g ddY male mice in 30 min after i.p. injection. Toxicity scores for viscera and appendages of specimens were 18.2 ± 16.0 (mean ± S.D.) and 4.4 ± 2.6 MU/g, respectively. The highest individual toxicity scores observed for viscera and appendages were 52.1 and 7.7 MU/g, respectively. The frequency of toxic samples was 100%. Toxin profiles as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection analysis (HPLC-FLD) revealed that TTX was the main toxic principle accounting for about 90% of the total toxicity along with 4-epi TTX and 4,9-anhydroTTX. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed mass fragment ion peaks at m/z 376, 392 and 407, which were characteristic of the quinazoline skeleton (C9-base) specific to TTX. In addition, only a small amount of PSP containing gonyautoxins1-4 and hydroxysaxitoxin was detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting evidence of occurrence of TTX and PSP in the xanthid crab D. cultripes inhabiting waters surrounding Cebu Island. From food hygienic point of view, people in coastal areas should be warned of the potential hazard of this crab in order to prevent its intentional or accidental consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Asakawa
- Department of Bioresource Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | | | - Shintaro Tsuruda
- Department of Bioresource Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Michitaka Shimomura
- Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History & Human History, Kitakyushu 805-0071, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shida
- Tokyo College of Pharmacy, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shigeto Taniyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mercy Barte-Quilantang
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Iloilo 5023, Philippines
| | - Jo Shindo
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
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Ototake N, Morimoto Y, Mokuya A, Fukaya H, Shida Y, Kitagawa O. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Indoles with an NC Chiral Axis. Chemistry 2010; 16:6752-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Akira K, Mitome H, Imachi M, Shida Y, Miyaoka H, Hashimoto T. LC-NMR identification of a novel taurine-related metabolite observed in 1H NMR-based metabonomics of genetically hypertensive rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:1091-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shimizu M, Yamagishi A, Kinoshita K, Shida Y, Oshima T. Prebiotic origin of glycolytic metabolism: histidine and cysteine can produce acetyl CoA from glucose via reactions homologous to non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff pathway. J Biochem 2008; 144:383-8. [PMID: 18515857 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion of glucose to pyruvate via reactions homologous to the non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff (non-P ED) pathway could be achieved in the presence of two amino acid catalysts, cysteine and histidine: cystine oxidizes glucose to gluconic acid by the reaction homologous to glucose dehydrogenase and histidine changes gluconic acid to 2-keto-3-deoxy gluconic acid, then to pyruvate by the reaction homologous to gluconic acid dehydratase and 2-keto-3-deoxy gluconate aldolase, respectively. Pyruvate can be converted to acetyl CoA by the reaction with CoA, TPP and FAD in the presence of cysteine and histidine, which resembles pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction. It was found that gluconic acid dehydration alone is non-specific, in contrast to other reactions. The non-P ED pathway is used by some extreme thermophiles in bacteria and archaea, usually thought as the oldest among the contemporary organisms. This study suggests the possible contribution of amino acid to the origin of the glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Shimizu
- Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science, Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510 and Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science,1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo, 192-0392
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Ichiyanagi T, Shida Y, Rahman MM, Sekiya M, Hatano Y, Matsumoto H, Hirayama M, Konishi T, Ikeshiro Y. Effect on both aglycone and sugar moiety towards Phase II metabolism of anthocyanins. Food Chem 2008; 110:493-500. [PMID: 26049244 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sugar moiety on anthocyanin metabolism was studied using anthocyanidin 3-rutinosides (cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (Cy3R) and delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside (Dp3R)) and 3-O-glucosides (delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (Dp3G)). O-methylated Cy3R and Dp3R were detected in rat blood plasma after oral administration of Cy3R and Dp3R (100mg/kg body weight). On the basis of HPLC retention time and UV-visible spectra together with the data of our previous studies on the hydrophobic metabolites of anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosides, it was concluded that both 3'- and 4'-O-methyl Cy3R were metabolites of Cy3R. On the other hand, only 4'-O-methyl Dp3R was detected as hydrophobic metabolite of Dp3R. A group of hydrophilic metabolites was also detected in rat blood plasma after oral administration of anthocyanins (Dp3G, Cy3R and Dp3R) and their structures were determined to be extended glucuronides and their O-methyl analogues by tandem MS analysis. The amounts of extended glucuronides of Dp3G, Cy3R and Dp3R were less than those of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) reported in our previous study. On the other hand, anthocyanidin-glucuronides (both cyanidin-glucuronide and delphinidin-glucuronide) were not detected after oral administration of Cy3R, Dp3R and Dp3G. These results indicated that both the type of sugar moiety and stability of aglycone largely affected phase II metabolism of anthocyanins, and also indicated that the type of sugar moiety did not affect the O-methylation metabolism but affected glucuronyl conjugation in both liver and small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Shida
- Department of Engineering MS laboratory, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Hachio-ji 192-0392, Japan
| | - M Mamunur Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Michiko Sekiya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hatano
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsumoto
- Bioscience Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha Limited, 5-3-1 Chiyoda, Sakado-shi, Saitama 350-0289, Japan
| | - Masao Hirayama
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Konishi
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeshiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
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Maran BAV, Iwamoto E, Okuda J, Matsuda S, Taniyama S, Shida Y, Asakawa M, Ohtsuka S, Nakai T, Boxshall GA. Isolation and characterization of bacteria from the copepod Pseudocaligus fugu ectoparasitic on the panther puffer Takifugu pardalis with the emphasis on TTX. Toxicon 2007; 50:779-90. [PMID: 17698158 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A total of 50 bacterial isolates was obtained from the copepod Pseudocaligus fugu, which is a common parasite, collected from the body surface of the panther puffer Takifugu pardalis. On the basis of colony characteristics, these bacterial isolates were grouped into six types, of which only two (Types-I and -II) showed a high affinity for adhesion to the carapace of the banana shrimp Penaeus merguiensis. These two types of adhesive bacteria were identified through 16S rRNA sequence analysis as Shewanella woodyi (Type-I) and Roseobacter sp. (Type-II). Representative isolates of these two adhesive bacteria were examined for tetrodotoxin (TTX) production by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorometric system, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). It was rather unexpectedly revealed that TTX and anhydroTTX were present in the supernatant of culture of the Type-II isolate Roseobacter sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Venmathi Maran
- Takehara Marine Science Station, Setouchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 5-8-1 Minato-machi, Takehara 725 0024, Japan.
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Ito K, Okabe S, Asakawa M, Bessho K, Taniyama S, Shida Y, Ohtsuka S. Detection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) from two copepods infecting the grass puffer Takifugu niphobles: TTX attracting the parasites? Toxicon 2006; 48:620-6. [PMID: 16934305 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In May 2002, two parasitic copepods, Pseudocaligus fugu and Taeniacanthus sp., were collected from the body surface and gill of the grass puffer Takifugu niphobles, respectively, in Takehara city, Hiroshima Prefecture, faced with Seto Inland Sea located in the western part of Japan. To them was added 5 ml of 0.1% acetic acid, then the suspension was subjected to ultrasonic disruption with an ultrasonicator for 10 min. The resulting mixture was heated in a boiling water bath for 10 min, and then centrifuged. The supernatant was concentrated under reduced pressure, and loaded on to a Sep-Pak plus C18 Environmental Cartridge (Waters). The unbound fraction was analyzed by HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for tetrodotoxin (TTX). It was rather unexpectedly revealed from these results that this fraction was comprised of TTX and its analogues. As far as we know, this is the first record to show the existence of TTX in the copepods. In addition, relationships between the more and less than the average number of the two parasites and the toxicity of its skin mucus of the host were examined by student's t-test. In P. fugu, the average number per host was 13.9, and those are 520.7 (n=9) and 269.0 MU/g (n=22), respectively. A highly significant difference between them was detected at p-value 0.0011. In contrast, as for Taeniacanthus sp., the average number was 2.7, and those were 338.0 (n=14) and 345.5 MU/g (n=17), respectively. No significant difference was detected in Taeniacanthus sp. The high host-specificity of P. fugu on the toxic puffer and the present bioassay of its skin mucus suggest a possibility that TTXs may attract the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Ito
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Whittle DP, Shida Y, Wood GC, Stott FH, Bastow BD. Enhanced diffusion of oxygen during internal oxidation of nickel-base alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01418618208236942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ichiyanagi T, Shida Y, Rahman MM, Hatano Y, Konishi T. Bioavailability and tissue distribution of anthocyanins in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract in rats. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:6578-87. [PMID: 16939312 DOI: 10.1021/jf0602370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To clarify how structural diversity of anthocyanins relates to their in vivo function, bioavailability was precisely studied in rats using bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract (Bilberon 25) as an anthocyanin source that contains 15 different anthocyanins. The bilberry extract was orally or intravenously administered to rats, and the plasma levels of each anthocyanin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. As the result, all anthocyanins except peonidin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinoside were detectable in the blood plasma. The plasma concentration of anthocyanins as a whole reached the maximum level of 1.2 microM at 15 min after oral administration of 400 mg/kg bilberry extract (153.2 mg/kg as anthocyanins) and then decreased with time. Uptake and decay profiles of each anthocyanin in the plasma were almost the same for all anthocyanins except a few with their maximum after 30 min. Among the anthocyanins carrying the same aglycone, the plasma level after 15 min of oral administration was as follows: galactoside > glucoside > arabinoside. Plasma clearance of anthocyanins after intravenous administration clearly showed that arabinoside disappeared more rapidly than glucoside and galactoside. On the other hand, when anthocyanins carrying the same sugar moiety were compared, the half disappearance time of plasma anthocyanins was in the following order: delphinidin > cyanidin > petunidin = peonidin > malvidin. The bioavailability of anthocyanins was in the range of 0.61-1.82% and was 0.93% as the anthocyanin mixture. The bioavailability of anthocyanins carrying the same aglycone was in the following order: Galactoside showed the highest followed by glucoside and arabinoside for cyanidin and delphinidin, but arabinoside and galactoside showed a higher bioavailability than glucoside for petunidin and malvidin. Anthocyanins recovered in urine and bile during the first 4 h after intravenous administration were only 30.8 and 13.4%, respectively. Anthocyanin profiles in tissues were quite different from those in blood plasma. The major anthocyanins distributed in liver and kidney were the O-methyl anthocyanins such as peonidin, malvidin, and other O-methyl anthocyanins derived from delphinidin, cyanidin, and petunidin-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
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Ogasawara W, Shida Y, Furukawa T, Shimada R, Nakagawa S, Kawamura M, Yagyu T, Kosuge A, Xu J, Nogawa M, Okada H, Morikawa Y. Cloning, functional expression and promoter analysis of xylanase III gene from Trichoderma reesei. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:995-1003. [PMID: 16520923 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the xyn3 gene from the filamentous mesophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) PC-3-7 was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of XYN III revealed considerable homology with xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 10. These results show that XYN III is distinguishable from XYN I and XYN II, two other T. reesei xylanases that belong to the glycosidase family 11. When xyn3 was expressed in Escherichia coli, significant activity was observed in the cell-free extract, and higher activity (13.2 U/ml medium) was recovered from the inclusion bodies in the cell debris. The sequence of the 5'-upstream region of the gene in the parent strain QM9414 is identical to that of PC-3-7, although the expression level of xyn3 in PC-3-7 has been reported to be at least 1,000 times greater than in QM9414. These results suggest that xyn3 expression in T. reesei QM9414 is silenced. The consensus sequences for ACEI, ACEII, CREI, and the Hap2/3/5 protein complex are all present in the upstream region of xyn3. Deletion analysis of the upstream region revealed that two regions containing consensus sequences for the known regulatory elements play important roles for xyn3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ogasawara
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
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Ichiyanagi T, Kashiwada Y, Shida Y, Ikeshiro Y, Kaneyuki T, Konishi T. Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:9472-7. [PMID: 16302764 DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two major anthocyanins were isolated from the acidified methanolic extract of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. These anthocyanins were interconvertible under room light illumination condition. By means of tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, their structures were identified and elucidated as delphinidin 3-[4-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-l-rhamnosyl(1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside (compound 1) and delphinidin 3-[4-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-l-rhamnosyl-(1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside (compound 2), respectively. The results indicated that nasunin comprised cis and trans isomers of the p-coumaric acid moiety in its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
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Ichiyanagi T, Shida Y, Rahman MM, Hatano Y, Konishi T. Extended glucuronidation is another major path of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside metabolism in rats. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:7312-9. [PMID: 16131148 DOI: 10.1021/jf051002b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously determined that five rather hydrophobic metabolites appeared in blood plasma after oral administration of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, but a group of hydrophilic metabolites still remained unidentified. In the present study, 12 hydrophilic metabolites found were collected from urine and plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then analyzed by tandem MS spectrometry. From the MS spectra, four metabolites out of 12 were assigned as glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and six out of 12 were glucuronides of the primary metabolites of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside). Extended glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside showed their maximum plasma concentrations at 15 and 60 min (or 30 min) after oral administration, respectively. Their maximum plasma concentrations ranged from 15 to 70 nM. From the profile of urinary-excreted anthocyanins after intravenous administration, it was deduced that extended glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were mainly produced in the liver rather than by intestinal flora. The area under the plasma concentration curve was 0.25 micromol min/L for extended glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 0.14 micromol min/L for O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively, when evaluated as cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside equivalent, indicating that extended glucuronidation is a critical pathway in cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside metabolism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
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Kobayashi I, Fujiwara S, Shimogawara K, Sakuma C, Shida Y, Kaise T, Usuda H, Tsuzuki M. High Intracellular Phosphorus Contents Exhibit a Correlation with Arsenate Resistance in Chlamydomonas Mutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 46:489-96. [PMID: 15695451 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pi in the medium relieved the toxicity of arsenate against cellular growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. To investigate the relationship between intracellular P contents and arsenate resistance, we determined the intracellular P contents of arsenate-sensitive and arsenate-resistant mutants, which had been generated by random insertional mutagenesis. All 13 arsenate-resistant mutants showed higher P contents than the parent strain, while arsenate-sensitive mutants with high P contents were not found. In one of the arsenate-resistant mutants, AR3, the intracellular P content was about twice that in the wild type during growth in the absence of arsenate. Arsenate incorporation in AR3 was suppressed within 10 min after the addition of 1 mM arsenate, while Pi incorporation continued even after arsenate uptake ceased. Whereas the P content of the wild type decreased to half in the presence of 0.5 mM arsenate, almost the same degree (about 50%) of decrease was observed in AR3 cells grown in the presence of as much as 3 mM arsenate. AR3, in which PTB1, a homolog of a Pi transporter gene, had been disrupted, exhibited a higher activity of a high-affinity Pi transporter, suggesting that it may be due to a compensatory transport activity. These data suggest that the intracellular level of P is one of the important factors of arsenate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kobayashi
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
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Ichiyanagi T, Shida Y, Rahman MM, Hatano Y, Matsumoto H, Hirayama M, Konishi T. Metabolic pathway of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside in rats. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:145-150. [PMID: 15631521 DOI: 10.1021/jf0485943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
For better understanding of the physiological function of anthocyanins, the absorption and metabolism of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Cy3G), which is one of the major anthocyanins in colored food materials, were precisely investigated. Combining two modalities newly developed, that is, highly sensitive semi-micro-HPLC and vein cannulation, Cy3G and its four major metabolites (M1-M4) were detected in the blood plasma of rats after oral administration of Cy3G (100 mg/kg of body mass). The plasma concentration of Cy3G reached its maximum at 15 min after the ingestion. Metabolite 2 (M2) and metabolite 3 (M3) showed their maximum plasma levels at 15 and 30 min, respectively, whereas metabolite 1 (M1) and metabolite 4 (M4) showed their maximum levels at 60 and 120 min, respectively. The maximum plasma concentrations of the four metabolites were in the following order: M3 (21 nM) > M4 (20 nM) > M1 (8.5 nM) > M2 (5 nM). When Cy3G was directly injected into the neck vein, only M2 and M3 were detected in the plasma, indicating that both M1 and M4 were produced during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Tandem MS analysis of the metabolites showed that M2 and M3 were monomethylated Cy3G, while M1 and M4 were glucuronides of Cy and methylated Cy, respectively. M3 was assigned as peonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Pn3G) from the comparison of the retention time of authentic Pn3G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Niitsu 956-8603, Japan.
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Kinoshita K, Shida Y, Sakuma C, Ishizaki M, Kiso K, Shikino O, Ito H, Morita M, Ochi T, Kaise T. Determination of diphenylarsinic acid and phenylarsonic acid, the degradation products of organoarsenic chemical warfare agents, in well water by HPLC-ICP-MS. Appl Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ichiyanagi T, Rahman MM, Kashiwada Y, Ikeshiro Y, Shida Y, Hatano Y, Matsumoto H, Hirayama M, Tsuda T, Konishi T. Absorption and metabolism of delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 36:930-7. [PMID: 15019977 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2003] [Revised: 01/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/09/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The absorption and metabolism of delphinidin 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (Dp3G), which is the most potent antioxidant among the blueberry anthocyanins, were studied in rats. Dp3G rapidly appeared in the blood plasma within 15 min of oral administration (100 mg/kg body wt). The plasma level of absorbed Dp3G showed two peaks at 15 and 60 min after ingestion and then decreased time-dependently. However, the plasma level was maintained at approximately 30 nmol/l even after 4 h. Besides the Dp3G peak, a single major metabolite peak was detected by HPLC in the blood plasma obtained at 15 min. MS and NMR spectroscopy clarified that the chemical structure of the metabolite was 4'-O-methyl delphinidin 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (methylation of the 4'-OH on the delphinidin B-ring). The present finding of this unique metabolite in anthocyanin metabolism strongly suggests that methylation of the 4'-OH on the flavonoid B-ring is a common metabolic pathway for flavonoids that carry the pyrogallol structure on the B-ring, as the same type of metabolite has been reported for other flavonoids such as epigallocatechin, but not for flavonoids carrying the catechol structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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36
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Ichiyanagi T, Rahman MM, Kashiwada Y, Ikeshiro Y, Shida Y, Hatano Y, Matsumoto H, Hirayama M, Konishi T. Absorption and metabolism of delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside in rats. Biofactors 2004; 21:411-3. [PMID: 15630238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.552210181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, kind of flavonoids (FL) found in plants and vegetables, are known to have varieties of physiological functions. In the present study, we examined absorption and metabolism of delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (Dp3G) in rats. Dp3G appeared in the plasma at 15 min after oral administration as an intact glucosidic form. The plasma level also showed another peak at 60 min. One metabolite peak was detected in the plasma and the structure was assigned as 4'-O-methyl Dp3G (MDp3G) by NMR and MS. The metabolite was also identified in several tissues as a major metabolite especially in the liver. No 3'-O-methyl Dp3G was detected in any tissues, therefore, 4'-OH methylation is the main path of Dp3G metabolism in rats. This finding generalized the metabolic formation of FL having pyrogallol B ring because it has been reported that FL having catechol structure produced 3'-O-methyl-derivatives, but FL having pyrogallol structure produced 4'-O-methyl-derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Niitsu 956-8603, Japan.
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37
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Ichiyanagi T, Kashiwada Y, Ikeshiro Y, Hatano Y, Shida Y, Horie M, Matsugo S, Konishi T. Complete Assignment of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Anthocyanins Separated by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:226-9. [PMID: 14758008 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) mobilities of fifteen anthocyanins in bilberry extract were completely characterized. Four minor anthocyanins in bilberry extract (malvidin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (Mv 3-ara), peonidin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (Pn 3-gal), peonidin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (Pn 3-ara), and petunidin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (Pt 3-ara)) that remained unidentified in our previous CZE study were isolated from the bilberry extract, and the chemical structures were assigned by NMR and MS. Their CZE mobilities were then precisely examined together with those of other major anthocyanins in the extract. When the CZE mobilities of the fifteen anthocyanins assigned here were plotted against their molecular weight/numbers of free phenolic group, it was found that separation of anthocyanins by CZE is primarily determined by the type of conjugated sugar present, and secondly by the aglycon structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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38
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Asakawa M, Toyoshima T, Ito K, Bessho K, Yamaguchi C, Tsunetsugu S, Shida Y, Kajihara H, Mawatari SF, Noguchi T, Miyazawa K. Paralytic toxicity in the ribbon worm Cephalothrix species (Nemertea) in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan and the isolation of tetrodotoxin as a main component of its toxins. Toxicon 2003; 41:747-53. [PMID: 12782074 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paralytic toxicity of ribbon worms ("himomushi" in Japanese), identified as undescribed species of the genus Cephalothrix, found on the surface of the shells of cultured oysters in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture was examined between April 1998 and December 2001. The toxicity study showed that all of specimens were found to contain toxins with strong paralytic action in mice; the highest toxicity (as tetrodotoxin, TTX) was 25,590 mouse units (MU) per gram for whole body throughout the monitoring period. The main toxic component of this himomushi toxin (HMT) was isolated from a pooled specimen (390 g; total toxicity 2,897,000MU) by a method that consisted of treatment with activated charcoal, chromatography on Bio-Gel P-2 and Bio-Rex 70 (H+ form), and finally crystallization from an acidified methanolic solution. The recrystallized toxin showed a specific toxicity of 3520MU/mg. This toxin showed (M+H)+ and (M+H-H(2)O)+ ion peaks at m/z 320 and 302, respectively, by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The absorption band at 3353, 3235, 1666, 1612 and 1076 cm(-1) were observed in infrared spectrum of this toxin. This spectrum was indistinguishable from that of TTX. The 1H-NMR spectrum for the recrystallized toxin was the same as that for TTX. The pair of doublets centered at 2.33 (J=10.0Hz) and 5.48 ppm (J=10.0Hz) which are characteristic of TTX, were shown to be coupled by double irradiation. Furthermore, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the alkali-hydrolyzate of this toxin indicated the presence of quinazoline skeleton (C9-base) specific to TTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Asakawa
- Department of Bioresource Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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Nemoto N, Shida Y, Shimada H, Oshima T, Yamagishi A. Characterization of the precursor of tetraether lipid biosynthesis in the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum. Extremophiles 2003; 7:235-43. [PMID: 12768455 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-003-0315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2002] [Accepted: 01/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polar lipid biosynthesis in the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum was analyzed using terbinafine, an inhibitor of tetraether lipid biosynthesis. Cells of T. acidophilum were labeled with [(14)C]mevalonic acid, and their lipids were extracted and analyzed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Lipids labeled with [(14)C]mevalonic acid, [(14)C]glycerol, and [(32)P]orthophosphoric acid were extracted and hydrolyzed under different conditions to determine the structure of polar lipids. The polar lipids were estimated to be archaetidylglycerol, glycerophosphatidylcaldarchaetidylglycerol, caldarchaetidylglycerol, and beta- l-gulopyranosylcaldarchaetidylglycerol, the main polar lipid of T. acidophilum. Pulse and chase experiments with terbinafine revealed that one tetraether lipid molecule is synthesized by head-to-head condensation of two molecules of archaetidylglycerol and that a sugar group of tetraether phosphoglycolipid is expected to attach to the tetraether lipid core after head-to-head condensation in T. acidophilum. A precursor accumulated in the presence of terbinafine with a fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry peak m/z 806 was compatible with archaetidylglycerol. The relative height of the peak m/z 806 decreased after removal of the inhibitor. The results suggest that most of the precursor, archaetidylglycerol, is in fully saturated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nemoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Shimada H, Nemoto N, Shida Y, Oshima T, Yamagishi A. Complete polar lipid composition of Thermoplasma acidophilum HO-62 determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. J Bacteriol 2002; 184:556-63. [PMID: 11751835 PMCID: PMC139571 DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.2.556-563.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2001] [Accepted: 10/24/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar ether lipids of Thermoplasma acidophilum HO-62 were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light-scattering detector. Structures of purified lipids were investigated by capillary gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Three types of ether lipids were found: phospholipids, glycolipids, and phosphoglycolipids. The two phospholipids had glycerophosphate as the phosphoester moiety. The seven glycolipids had different combinations of gulose, mannose, and glucose, which formed mono- or oligosaccharides. The eight phosphoglycolipids with two polar head groups contained glycerophosphate as the phosphoester moiety and gulose alone or gulose and mannose, which formed mono- or oligosaccharides, as the sugar moiety. Although gulose is an unusual sugar in nature, several glyco- and phosphoglycolipids contained gulose as one of the sugar moieties in Thermoplasma acidophilum. All the ether lipids had isopranoid chains of C(40) or C(20) with zero to three cyclopentane rings. The structures of these lipids including four new glycolipids and three new phosphoglycolipids were determined, and a glycosylation process for biosynthesis of these glycolipids was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Shimada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Shida Y, Nakagawa Y, Okuno M, Maeda S, Yonekawa Y. A comparison of vibration magnitudes on the tool with different subject according to the ISO 8662-7 standard. Ind Health 2001; 39:255-268. [PMID: 11500002 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.39.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, ISO has defined the guidelines for the evaluation of the measurement and exposure limits of hand-transmitted vibrations at the handle of hand-held portable power tools. In a measurement of vibrations at pneumatic impact wrenches that tighten and remove screws. ISO 8862-7 standard: 1997 and ISO 5349 standard: 1986 are set as international standards. In order to make an exact measurement of the quantities of vibrations exposed to the hand-arm system of a human body, ISO 8662-7 gives specifications to a measurement device and a loading device. As to a measurement device, for instance, the mass, installation method etc. of transducers and mechanical filters are defined. In addition, it specifies with each tolerance the working conditions of a pneumatic tool, the number of revolutions of socket in a loading device, the feed force, the number of subjects, and such an evaluation method as how to decide a declaration value of vibrations. These specifications give toolmakers a comparative measurement of vibration values of their tools before shipment. Meanwhile, although the measurement condition described in ISO8662-7: 1997 is that skilled operators conduct vibration measurement, no provisions as to operators are made in detail. Hence, this study focuses its concern on ambiguous work experience years in measuring vibrations of the tools in conformity with ISO 8662-7, and hereby the effect of years of work experience upon measurement values is considered and at the same time a knowledge of how to select operators is made clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shida
- KUKEN Co., Ltd., Nonoue, Habikino-city, Osaka, Japan
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42
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Abstract
Instead of tetrodotoxin, significant amounts of tetrodotoxin-related substances with no mouse lethality were detected in the nontoxic liver specimen of puffer fish, Takifugu xanthopterus. The tetrodotoxin-related substances, which were demonstrated to be tetrodotoxin derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, were similar to tetrodonic acid in HPLC but distinguishable from it in electrophoresis. Our results suggest that nontoxic puffer fish contains nontoxic tetrodotoxin derivatives as precursors or metabolites of tetrodotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nagashima
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Fisheries, Minato, Japan.
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43
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Shimada H, Shida Y, Nemoto N, Oshima T, Yamagishi A. Quinone profiles of Thermoplasma acidophilum HO-62. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:1462-5. [PMID: 11157962 PMCID: PMC95023 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.4.1462-1465.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2000] [Accepted: 11/16/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinones of Thermoplasma acidophilum HO-62 were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Menaquinone, methionaquinone, and 2-trans and 2-cis forms of thermoplasmaquinone were identified. The relative amount of thermoplasmaquinone increased under anaerobic conditions, and those of menaquinone and methionaquinone increased under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Asakawa M, Toyoshima T, Shida Y, Noguchi T, Miyazawa K. Paralytic toxins in a ribbon worm Cephalothrix species (Nemertean) adherent to cultured oysters in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Toxicon 2000; 38:763-73. [PMID: 10695964 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(99)00172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In 1998, during the surveillance of the toxicity of various marine fouling organisms in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, specimens of the ribbon worm, "himomushi" Cephalothrix sp. (Nemertean) adherent to the shells of cultured oysters hanging onto floating culture rafts were found to contain toxins which showed strong paralytic action in mice throughout the survey period, February to May. The maximum toxicity (as tetrodotoxin, TTX) was 14,734 MU/g whole body. Attempts were made to identify the paralytic toxins in this worm. The "himomushi" toxin (HMT) was extracted from the worm with 80% methanol acidified with acetic acid and the extract defatted with dichloromethane. The aqueous layer was chromatographed on activated charcoal and the unbound and bound toxic fractions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was rather unexpectedly revealed from these results that HMT was comprised of TTX, 4-epiTTX, anhydroTTX and three unidentified toxins. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of toxic organisms, containing a high concentration of TTX, adherent to cultured bivalves such as oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asakawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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Ushiyama M, Yoshino A, Yamamura T, Shida Y, Arisaka F. A 12-Porphyrin System: Syntheses of Peptide Porphyrins with Multiple Histidines and the Aggregation Behavior in the Presence of Hemin. BCSJ 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.72.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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46
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Abstract
A new component of paralytic shellfish poison was isolated from a Bangladeshi freshwater puffer Tetraodon cutcutia. Its structure was deduced to be carbamoyl-N-methylsaxitoxin based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, [1H] NMR, and conversion experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zaman
- Laboratory of Aquatic Resource Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Shimoarata, Japan
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47
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Sasaki T, Morisaki N, Iwasaki S, Kagechika H, Fukasawa H, Shudo K, Shida Y, Hashimoto Y. Photoaffinity labeling of the ligand-interacting helix of the retinoic acid receptor alpha. Biol Pharm Bull 1997; 20:913-6. [PMID: 9300141 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.20.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two photoaffinity-labeling probes for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha, 4-[(3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)phenyl)carboxamido]ben zoic acid (3DIAM) and its para-isomer (4DIAM), were designed and synthesized. Both compounds possess high affinity for recombinant RAR alpha (MBP-RAR alpha/E) and bind covalently to its cognate ligand-binding site. The labeled site of MBP-RAR alpha/E with 3DIAM was determined, by the endoproteinase combination method, to be located in helix 11 of the ligand-binding domain of RAR alpha, which is the position at which the ligand is considered to bind, on the basis of the reported crystal structure of the retinoic acid/RAR gamma complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sasaki
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Akama T, Ishida H, Shida Y, Kimura U, Gomi K, Saito H, Fuse E, Kobayashi S, Yoda N, Kasai M. Design and synthesis of potent antitumor 5,4'-diaminoflavone derivatives based on metabolic considerations. J Med Chem 1997; 40:1894-900. [PMID: 9191967 DOI: 10.1021/jm9700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that 5,4'-diaminoflavone (1) exhibits potent and specific growth-inhibitory activity against the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. However, when compound 1 was incubated with S-9 mix, its metabolites were observed. Moreover, addition of S-9 mix to the medium caused the drastic decrease in activity of compound 1. Since the 6-, 8-, and 3'-positions were considered to be metabolized oxidatively in vivo from MO calculations, a series of 5,4'-diaminoflavone derivatives substituted at such putative metabolic positions with various functional groups were synthesized aiming at the metabolically stable derivatives. Among them, 5,4'-diamino-6,8,3'-trifluoroflavone (14d) exhibited strong growth-inhibitory activity against MCF-7 cells even in the presence of S-9 mix. Moreover, orally administered compound 14d completely suppressed the growth of MCF-7 inoculated into nude mice, and the effect was more potent than that of compound 1. In addition to ER-positive breast cancer cells, compound 14d exhibited growth-inhibitory activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines including a part of ER-negative breast, endometrial, ovarian, and liver cancers. From these results, fluorine introduction to the putative metabolic positions of compound 1 was elucidated to be effective in the enhancement of the in vivo antitumor activity, probably due to the block of the metabolic deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akama
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Company, Ltd., Shizuoka-ken, Japan
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49
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Abstract
Isodomoic acids G and H, two new isomers of the neurotoxin domoic acid, along with isodomoic acids A, B, E and F, were isolated from a red alga, Chondria armata, collected at the southern tip of Kyushu Island. The structures of two of these were deduced to be (E, E) and (Z, E) isomers of 2-carboxy-4-(5-carboxy-l-methyl-2-hexenylidene)-3-pyrro- lidineacetic acid, based on electrospray ionization mass and [1H]nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses including [1H-1H]correlation spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser effect correlation spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zaman
- Laboratory of Marine Botany and Environmental Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Japan
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50
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Abstract
In the course of our search for new antitumor agents in breast cancer, novel amino-substituted flavone derivatives were synthesized and examined for antitumor activities. Among them, 5,4'-diaminoflavone and some of its congeners showed remarkable antiproliferative activity against the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The activity was observed irrespective of the presence or absence of estrogen. The 5-aminoflavone derivatives (5-AFs) are not classical anti-estrogens because they did not compete with [3H]estradiol to bind the estrogen receptor. Moreover, 5-AFs showed antitumor activity highly selective to the ER-positive breast cancer cell line, and they showed no effects against the ER-negative human cancer cell lines HeLa S3, WiDr, and MDA-MB-453. Although the mechanism of their selective antitumor activity to ER-positive breast cancer cells is unclear, 5-AFs are expected to be a new type of antitumor agents in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akama
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Company, Ltd., Shizuoka-ken, Japan
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