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Wang C, Li Y, Wang Z, Lei J, Sun SP. High-valent ferryl intermediates generation, reactivity and kinetic characterization with contaminants of emerging concern via a facile photo-Fenton competition kinetic methodology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 492:138216. [PMID: 40215935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2025] [Revised: 03/31/2025] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
High-valent ferryl (FeIV) intermediates are important reactive species in biological oxidation and Fe-catalyzed advanced oxidation processes (Fe-AOPs). Notwithstanding notable progress has been made on FeIV identification, the second-order reaction rate constants of FeIV with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were rarely reported in literature, severely hindering understanding its reactivity and kinetics toward various CECs. To this end, we discovered a novel system, i.e., photo-Fenton reaction of peracetic acid with Fe3+-nitrilotriacetate complex, which enabled stable generation of FeIV with steady-state concentrations at ∼10-8-10-7 M at neutral pH, as evidenced by electron spin resonance (ESR) trapping detection, quenching experiments and probe testing. Notably, a facile competition kinetic methodology was developed by using methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) as a probe, which enabled to characterize the reactivity and kinetics of FeIV with 12 target CECs (e.g., phenolic compounds, endocrine disruptor, herbicide, and pharmaceuticals). The measured second-order rate constants were in a range of 3.99 × 103-4.75 × 105 M-1 s-1, which were correlated to the ionization potential of the target CECs, owing to electrophilic attack by FeIV. This achievement can fill a critical gap in uncovering the reactivity and kinetics of FeIV toward CECs for promising environmental application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjia Wang
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Zhenkai Wang
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Sun
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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2
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Yin W, Chen J, Xu Y, Yu C, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Efficient disinfection of real toilet blackwater by ultraviolet/peracetic acid process: Selective intracellular biomolecular oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 492:138099. [PMID: 40179780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2025] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
Toilet blackwater (BW) disinfection is crucial for preventing microbial contamination but is hindered by its complex composition. This study explored the combined ultraviolet and peracetic acid (UV/PAA) process as a novel strategy for BW disinfection. The UV/PAA process effectively inactivated Fecal coliform (1.372 × 10-5 s-2) in real BW, despite presence of turbidity, suspended solids, and organic matter, which could hinder disinfection. The highly electrophilic PAA and acetoxy(peroxy) radicals were identified as crucial contributors to bacterial inactivation. Biochemical analysis and Density Functional Theory calculations revealed that the system primarily operates through selective intracellular biomolecular oxidation. Electrophilic species preferentially oxidized amino acids with highly local nucleophilicity index, particularly those containing sulfur or nitrogen moieties. This selective oxidation caused protein denaturation, inducing cells into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Meanwhile, the membrane integrity and metabolic activity was preserved, while oxidative stress and DNA disruption effectively limited bacterial regrowth, proving that this process selectively damages intracellular biomolecules, such as amino acids and DNA. Additionally, the process significantly reduced the abundance of gut microbiota and other pathogens in real BW, highlighting its broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy. The UV/PAA process represented a sustainable and eco-friendly advanced disinfection solution for BW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chengzhi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment for Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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3
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Guo C, Yu C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wan J, Wang L, Pan J. Boosting micropollutants removal over bimetallic Fe-Mo catalyst via peracetic acid activation: Mo doping enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 491:138013. [PMID: 40122006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
Herein, a range of bimetallic Fe-Mo catalysts (FexMoy@C) were successfully synthesized to explore the effect of Mo doping on the activity of Fe-based catalyst (Fe@C) for peracetic acid (PAA) activation. Mo doped during Fe@C preparation process introduced more low-valent metal species into Fe@C with the potential to promote PAA activation and Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling. Compared to single Fe catalyst, Fe4Mo1@C exhibited outstanding performance in PAA activation for ultrafast degradation of bisphenol A (BPA), with the degradation rate of 0.88 min-1, which exceeded most reported heterogeneous catalysts. Mechanism results indicated that the Mo doping promoted the generation of reactive species and accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion on the surface of Fe4Mo1@C to ensure the continuous PAA activation. Further analysis revealed that incorporated Mo not only promoted electron transfer and accelerated transform of Fe(III) to Fe(II), but also lowered the energy barrier for PAA activation. Moreover, the toxicity of BPA and its intermediates could be effectively reduced in Fe4Mo1@C/PAA system, guaranteeing the safety of treatment process. This study clarified the mechanism of Mo doping to enhance the Fe-based catalysts activity for organic micropollutant degradation, and the new insights obtained would further promote the application of bimetallic catalysts in PAA-based advanced oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuyou Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jun Wan
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jingwen Pan
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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4
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Yang S, Yu S, Dong Y, Liu J, Zhou P, Zhang H, Xiong Z, He CS, Lai B. Whether peracetic acid-based oxidation process is an alternative to the traditional Fenton process in organic pollutants degradation and actual wastewater treatment? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 490:137752. [PMID: 40020299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/03/2025]
Abstract
Industrialization has exerted significant adverse effects on water quality, leading to an increasing demand for environmentally friendly and high-efficiency technologies. The traditional Fenton process has been recognized as a viable method for treating challenging industrial wastewater. Recently, peracetic acid (PAA)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as a promising Fenton-like technology for efficient wastewater treatment. To evaluate the potential application of this technology in industrial wastewater treatment, the Fe(II)/PAA and Fe(II)/H2O2 processes were compared. The PAA/Fe(II) process demonstrates greater effectiveness at lower oxidant dosages for pollutant degradation. Specifically, within a pH range of 3.0-5.0, the Fe(II)/PAA process showed superior degradation efficiency compared to the Fe(II)/H2O2 process under optimal conditions for both processes (Fe(II): H2O2 = 100 µM: 200 µM and Fe(II): PAA = 100 µM: 100 µM). Furthermore, the PAA/Fe(II) process exhibits a higher tolerance to various water matrices. When treating actual wastewater, the PAA/Fe(II) process significantly improves the value of BOD5/COD of dinitrodiazophenol (DDNP) and pharmaceutical wastewaters from 0.157 and 0.292 to 0.518 and 0.651, respectively, surpassing the enhancement of biodegradability by the H2O2/Fe(II) system. The PAA/Fe(II) system also demonstrates superior performance in reducing biological toxicity. In conclusion, this study offers a comparative analysis of the emerging PAA/Fe(II) process versus the traditional H2O2/Fe(II) process, highlighting the potential strengths and limitations of using PAA as an alternative to H2O2 in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Siying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yudan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaokun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chuan-Shu He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Bo Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Prevention Control and Resource Reuse, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
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5
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Tang Y, Jiang B, Zhu T, Sun Z. Novel CoFe-supported UiO-66-derived ZrO 2 for rapid activation of peracetic acid for sulfamethoxazole degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025; 274:121329. [PMID: 40057109 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2025] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
The leaching of toxic metals is still problematic for heterogeneous metal catalysts in activating peracetic acid (PAA). Herein, CoFe/U-ZrO2 was synthesized by loading CoFe onto the metal-organic framework (UiO-66) derived ZrO2 (U-ZrO2) for PAA activation. The high porosity and specific surface area of UiO-66 enable efficient embedding and uniform dispersion of CoFe particles into pore channels. The supported material effectively activates PAA and significantly reduces Co leaching. CoFe/U-ZrO2-PAA system shows a removal efficiency of sulfamethoxazole reaching 98.9% within 10 min with Co leaching concentrations as low as 0.005 mg/L (equivalent to 1.4% of CoFe-PAA system). Quenching experiments, probe experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance tests identify CH3C(O)OO· as the dominant radical species. The CoFe/U-ZrO2-PAA system maintains high activity in actual water bodies and can resist the interference of HPO42-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3- and humic acid except for the inhibitory effect of HCO3-. The system also displays good stability and high degradability to different pollutants, maintaining consistently outstanding degradation efficiency in the flow-through experiment. Overall, the environmentally friendly, good efficiency, and high stability of the CoFe/U-ZrO2-PAA system makes it potential for broad applications in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Bingyu Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
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6
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Shi M, Zhang B, Yan X, Ma J, He X. N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Metal-Free Catalysts for PAA Activation to degrade emerging pollutants: Exploration of Reaction Mechanisms and Prediction of Active Sites. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025:121998. [PMID: 40449576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2025] [Revised: 05/20/2025] [Accepted: 05/27/2025] [Indexed: 06/03/2025]
Abstract
In this study, we utilized urea as a nitrogen precursor and synthesized a series of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes with varying catalytic activities for PAA by adjusting the mass ratio of urea to carbon nanotubes (ranging from 0.01:1 to 2:1) and the preparation temperature (between 400°C and 1000°C). The activation mechanism was thoroughly examined through extensive characterization and calculations. During the activation process with PAA, we observed that the removal of contaminants was linearly correlated with the extent of graphitization (R2=0.873) and the degree of nitrogen doping (R2=0.951). These findings were further corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Different types of nitrogen atoms can reduce the peroxide-breaking energy barrier in PAA to varying degrees, thereby facilitating the conversion of NCNT-PAA* complexes into adsorbed hydroxyl radicals. The system achieves an impressive 100% oxidative removal of 20 μM micropollutants (e.g., bisphenol A) within 60 minutes, thanks to the synergistic effects of electron transfer and radical adsorption. Furthermore, it maintains a remarkable micropollutant removal rate of nearly 80% after five consecutive uses. Additionally, carbon materials can be effectively integrated with membrane filtration, which not only facilitates the recycling of carbon materials in practical applications but also enhances the catalytic efficiency of nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) while ensuring the safety of the effluent. These results underscore the extensive application prospects and research potential of carbon-based materials, while also providing a novel approach for the advanced oxidation technology of PAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xu He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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7
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Li S, Zou J, Wu J, Sun B, Zhao M, Liu D, Cheng Q, Tan H, Ma J. New Insights into Natural Polyphenol-Enhanced Fe(III)/Peracetic Acid System under Acidic pH Conditions: The Overlooked Role of Coexisting Hydrogen Peroxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025. [PMID: 40397662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2025]
Abstract
Natural polyphenols have been extensively utilized as reducing agents to enhance contaminant degradation in the Fe(III)/peracetic acid (PAA) system. However, the roles of coexisting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) remain insufficiently explored. This study, using protocatechuic acid (PCA) as a representative natural polyphenol, demonstrated that contaminant removal within the PCA/Fe(III)/PAA system under acidic pH conditions exhibited two kinetic stages: an initial rapid stage driven by PAA, followed by a slower stage driven by H2O2. The presence of H2O2 facilitated the complete degradation (100%) of contaminants even at low concentrations (<1.0 μM). Interestingly, these two stages contributed differently to various contaminants' degradation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Fe(IV) was the major reactive species (RSs) for contaminant degradation during the PAA stage, while •OH dominated during the H2O2 stage. In brief, H2O2 enriched the generation pathways and types of RSs. Notably, besides PCA itself, the reaction intermediates (i.e., phenoxy radicals) formed during the reaction between PCA and RSs also played a key role in reducing Fe(III), which explained why the PCA/Fe(III)/PAA system was able to maintain sufficient Fe(II) to further interact with H2O2. Overall, this study highlighted the synergistic role of coexisting H2O2 and provided valuable insights for optimizing various contaminants' degradation in actual waters using PAA-based Fenton-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Jianying Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Bo Sun
- China National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- China National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Robotics for Agriculture, Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Cheng
- School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, PR China
| | - Haoqiang Tan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
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8
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Li H, Wang B, Wang L, Liu Y, Jiang F. Two-dimensional Prussian blue analog-based catalytic membrane for effective decontamination of micropollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 283:123855. [PMID: 40412034 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2025] [Revised: 04/25/2025] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
Cost-effective, stable, and highly efficient catalytic technology is the key challenge for wastewater treatment based on advanced oxidation processes. Catalytic membranes, functioning as heterogeneous advanced oxidation microreactors, offer substantial advantages in the removal of organic pollutants. However, creating catalytic membranes with a high density of active sites for efficient and rapid degradation of pollutants in continuously flowing solutions poses challenges for practical applications. In this study, a two-dimensional Co/Fe-PBA catalytic membrane was developed and fixed onto a hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane modified with polydopamine (PDA) through vacuum filtration. This membrane was used to activate peracetic acid (PAA) for the degradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), an emerging environmental endocrine disruptor. The interaction between PAA and Co/Fe-PBA induces the continuous and rapid generation of free radicals and singlet oxygen (1O2). Furthermore, the hydrophilic catalytic membrane, containing nano-confined channels, facilitates the efficient transfer of aqueous solutions. The introduction of a PDA layer acts as an in-situ metal ion chelator, dynamically capturing leached metal ion during catalysis and thereby mitigating efficiency loss while reducing metal ion leaching. The Co/Fe-PBA/PDA catalytic membrane shows excellent efficiency in activating PAA to degrade EE2, with a catalytic efficiency close to 100 % in a single-pass filtration mode. In continuous flow mode, it maintains a 95 % degradation rate after 5 h of continuous filtration. The CH3C(O)OO• radical and non-radical 1O2 are the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the oxidation of EE2. The degradation products of EE2 were identified through LC-MS analysis, and computational predictions indicate that, compared to EE2, the overall ecotoxicity of the degradation products is lower. The catalytic membrane also exhibits high degradation efficiencies for various organic pollutants. The activation of PAA by the catalytic membrane for EE2 degradation demonstrates excellent catalytic performance and mass transfer efficiency, overcoming the challenge of recycling powdery catalysts and providing new insights for the removal of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Fengzhi Jiang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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9
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Gu L, Cao X, Yang H, He Y, Wang X, Wen H, Zhang H, Xu S, Yuan H, Hu K. Tailoring peroxyacetic acid(PAA) activation by sewage sludge derived atomic-Fe clusters/Fe-N 4 catalyst via thermally drivenspin manipulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 686:251-266. [PMID: 39899910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/05/2025]
Abstract
Fe nanoclusters/FeN4 units embedded in graphitized carbon derived from biomass are highly efficient catalysts. However, simple physical mixing of precursors during pyrolysis tends to cause Fe to agglomerate into large nanoparticles. In this study, we introduce a novel peroxyacetic acid (PAA) conditioning strategy to transform sewage sludge (SS) into an enhanced Fe single-atom catalyst. This strategy modulates the evolution of Fe active sites by promoting the formation of adjacent Fe atomic clusters through thermal treatment. During sludge conditioning, PAA/Fe2+ triggers the dissolution and breakdown of SS, exposing nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) atoms that bind with iron, thereby creating Fe immobilization sites. Characterization results show that conditioning promotes the formation of highly dispersed, few-atom Fe clusters/Fe-N4 sites (FeN4-FeNCP@SBC) at elevated temperatures, with Fe content exceeding 2.34 %. In contrast, untreated samples easily form Fe nanoparticles. The FeN4-FeNCP@SBC can be used as superior Fenton-like catalyst in PAA-triggered antibiotic degradation. Singlet oxygen (1O2) plays a dominant role in degradation, as demonstrated by scavenging and ESR analysis. O2 and HO are identified as important intermediates in the generation of 1O2 and are recognized as key species in FeN4-FeNCP@SBC-initiated PAA activation. The atomic-Fe cluster induced shift of the Fe center from low-spin (t2g6 eg0) to medium-spin (t2g5 eg1) facilitates partial occupation of the dz2 orbital, forming a σ* bond with OH. This promotes H being lost from OH to form O, and subsequent direct desorption of O can generate 1O2. The study provides a method to create SS catalysts with single atoms and Fe clusters for PAA and antibiotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 China.
| | - Xiao Cao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Yiyang He
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Haifeng Wen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 China.
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Eco-environmental Protection Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403 China.
| | - Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Haiping Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093 China
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10
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Yan S, Yin D, Song W. Solar-Induced Phototransformation of Peracetic Acid in Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter Solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025; 59:9321-9331. [PMID: 40313032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2025]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) has been extensively investigated as an alternative disinfectant for water and wastewater treatments. However, the photochemical transformation of PAA in sunlit surface waters has not been previously investigated. For the first time, the photosensitized transformation of PAA was here observed in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM)-enriched solutions under simulated solar irradiation. Triplet CDOM (3CDOM*) is here proposed to play a key role in the phototransformation processes. Using triplet model compounds, the reaction rate constant of 3CDOM* with PAA can be estimated to around 1.1 × 108 M-1 s-1. The reaction mechanism of triplet with PAA involves both energy- and electron-transfer. CH3COO• was generated from the reaction between PAA and excited triplets. Furthermore, HO• and organic reactive species (i.e., CH3COOO• and CH3COO•) are involved in the photochemical transformation of PAA in sunlit CDOM-enriched solutions. These reactive species (including HO•, CH3COOO•, and CH3COO•) also play a role in the removal of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs). Overall, the current study provided new insights into the photochemical transformation of PAA in CDOM-enriched solutions. The solar irradiation of wastewater with PAA enhancement could be a useful and economically beneficial advanced oxidation process for CEC abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Huang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhe Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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11
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Yan H, Liu X, Zong Y, Lei Z, He Q, Zhao Z, Zhou Z, Ye G, Hou C, Wu D. Dynamic electrode reconfiguration promotes in situ electrochemical peracetic acid synthesis for selective water decontamination. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 275:123205. [PMID: 39892192 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
In situ synthesis and activation of peracetic acid (PAA) for water decontamination is a promising way to overcome the transport and storage problems in PAA applications. Here, an in situ electrochemical PAA synthesis and activation system is constructed using RuO2-Ti "active" electrode and graphite plate as the anode and the cathode, respectively. PAA is efficiently generated at the RuO2-Ti anode with a maximum real-time concentration of ∼1020 μM and a negligible precursor loss of 2.91 % after 180 min, and can be activated at the cathode to destruct a refractory pollutant (i.e., benzoic acid (BA)) with the rate constant of 0.22-0.28 h-1, even under the interference of co-existing anions. Multiple pieces of evidence, including differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, sulfoxide probing test, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, indicate that the oxygen-atom-transferring oxidation of CH3COO- by a high-valent ruthenium-oxo intermediate (i.e., RuO3) in situ formed through the electrode reconfiguration between RuO2 and chem-sorbed HO• mainly accounts for PAA synthesis. Acetylperoxyl radical (CH3C(O)OO•) was evidenced as the dominant species for BA degradation. This study proposes an in situ strategy to electrochemically synthesize and activate PAA for selective water decontamination and enriches the understandings of the mechanism of "active" electrode in peroxide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhendong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qunbiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guojie Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chengsi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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12
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Chen W, Liu Z, Xie Y, Guo X, Xie H, Chen J, Zhang Z, Ding L. Synthesis of ZIF-67 composite lignin hydrogel and its catalytic degradation of naphthalene by PMS in wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 298:139700. [PMID: 39826725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 01/05/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
The incorporation of ZIF-67 into hydrogels for wastewater pollutant remediation has been widely studied, but the synthesis often requires organic solvents such as methanol or ethanol, which can result in the generation of toxic liquid waste. In this study, a novel hydrogel (ZIF-67@SL) was synthesized by integrating ZIF-67 into a dual-network system of sodium lignosulfonate (SL) and acrylamide (AM) using an in situ precipitation method in water. The material was characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TEM, BET, and TGA analyses. ZIF-67@SL was used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degrading naphthalene (NAP) in aqueous solutions. Results showed that ZIF-67@SL effectively activated PMS, achieving an 85.43 % removal rate of NAP within 60 min at 30 °C, with an initial NAP concentration of 10 mg·L-1, ZIF-67@SL dosage of 800 mg·L-1, PMS concentration of 1000 mg·L-1, and pH 7.0. The catalytic efficiency remained high after five recycling cycles. Quenching experiments and EPR spectra revealed that the degradation of NAP in the ZIF-67@SL/PMS system occurred through both free radical pathways (SO4•-, •OH, and O2•-) and a non-radical pathway (1O2). XPS analysis indicated that the activation of PMS and generation of radicals were influenced by Co2+, Co3+, Co0, nitrogen elements, and adsorbed oxygen in the ZIF-67@SL composite. Furthermore, the ZIF-67@SL/PMS system demonstrated strong resistance to low-concentration anions and humic acid (HA) interference and effectively removed multiple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mixed wastewater. Maximum removal rates for NAP, ACN, ACT, PHE, and FLU were 95.26 %, 99.9 %, 99.79 %, 99.04 %, and 75.69 %, respectively. This study provides an environmentally friendly strategy for wastewater treatment by synthesizing ZIF-67 hydrogel in water and utilizing it as an efficient catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China; China National Petroleum Corporation HSE Key Laboratory (Yangtze University Research Laboratory), Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuozhuang Liu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuansha Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China; China National Petroleum Corporation HSE Key Laboratory (Yangtze University Research Laboratory), Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianzhe Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijia Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China; China National Petroleum Corporation HSE Key Laboratory (Yangtze University Research Laboratory), Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China; China National Petroleum Corporation HSE Key Laboratory (Yangtze University Research Laboratory), Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China; China National Petroleum Corporation HSE Key Laboratory (Yangtze University Research Laboratory), Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ding
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China; China National Petroleum Corporation HSE Key Laboratory (Yangtze University Research Laboratory), Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China
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13
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Liu M, Wang Y, Yang Y, Qian X, Luo X. Organelle-Targeted Photo-triggered Delivery of Acetylperoxyl Radicals for Redox Homeostasis Modulation. Anal Chem 2025; 97:5653-5660. [PMID: 40052194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c06435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Dysfunction of subcellular organelles initiates complex pathophysiological cascades and underlies numerous diseases, underscoring the need for organelle-specific therapeutic interventions. Precise spatiotemporal control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within organelles offers a promising intervention approach. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of organelle-targeted, photoactivatable acetylperoxyl radical donors (ACR575s) based on an acetyl-caged rhodamine scaffold. Blue light irradiation triggered the release of highly oxidative acetylperoxyl radicals, concomitantly generating a rhodamine dye for real-time monitoring. In vitro studies demonstrated the organelle-specific delivery of acetylperoxyl radicals, which subsequently induced concentration-dependent oxidative stress within specific subcellular compartments. Notably, this resulted in membrane damage and the modulation of macrophage polarization, providing clear evidence of the therapeutic potential of acetylperoxyl radicals in regulating redox balance and inflammatory responses. The ACR575 series provides a novel toolset for acetylperoxyl radical biology and subcellular redox regulation, enabling precise spatiotemporal control of acetylperoxyl radical-mediated oxidative stress and showing potential for applications in precise cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
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14
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Tong Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu J, Sun C. Reactive species in peracetic acid-based AOPs: A critical review of their formation mechanisms, identification methods and oxidation performances. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 272:122917. [PMID: 39671863 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
The efficient removal of emerging micropollutants poses significant challenges in wastewater treatments. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are extensively studied in the field, and peracetic acid (PAA) has attracted great attention as an alternative oxidant in recent years. Various reactive species yield in PAA-based AOPs, which are regarded as the promising approaches for pollutants elimination. This review systematically investigates the formation pathways, identification methods and oxidation performances of the reactive species in PAA-based AOPs, putting focus on the organic radicals such as CH3C(O)O•, CH3C(O)OO•, CH3OO• and •CH3. Firstly, the formation pathways of reactive species induced by PAA activation are outlined. Then the specific probes and quenchers used for the identification of reactive species are summarized, and the commonly used methods are described and discussed. The reaction kinetics and mechanisms of reactive species and compounds are compared, indicating that the oxidation performances of organic radicals are mainly depended on the properties of radicals and the structure of compounds. Finally, the prospects on further research of PAA-based AOPs are proposed. This article provides a comprehensive overview of organic radicals for the first time, which can serve useful reference for ongoing studies in PAA-based AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Tong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Environment Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- School of Environment Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Ma C, Hu Q, Hou X. Bicarbonate ions promote rapid degradation of pollutants in Co(II)Fe(II)/peroxyacetic acid systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 485:136918. [PMID: 39708608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
Peroxyacetic acid (PAA), as an oxidizing agent, has gained significant attention in the field of advanced oxidation because of its low toxicity and high degradation capacity. In this study, cobalt-iron-based Prussian blue analogs (Co-PBAs) were utilized for the first time to activate PAA for tetracycline degradation. In the Co-PBAs/PAA system, organic radicals (RO•) and high-valent metal oxides are mainly produced. TC is efficiently removed in a wide pH range (5-9) and a variety of interferences (Cl-, SO42-, bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), humic acid, and the actual water bodies) in water bodies due to the specificity of RO•. Interestingly, the catalytic rate of the Co-PBAs/PAA system was significantly accelerated in the presence of HCO3- (kobs increasing from 0.171 min-1 to 0.534 min-1). This enhancement is attributed to the reaction between HCO3- and PAA, and carbonate radicals (•CO3-) and acetyl peroxyl radicals (CH3C(O)OO•) are generated and then react with the phenolic hydroxyl group of TC. In this study, the mechanism of PAA activation by Co-PBAs was revealed, and PAA-based advanced oxidation process enhanced by HCO3- was provided for the removal of pollutants from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Zonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Lele Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Chong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Qi Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China.
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Wang S, Wang J. Cobalt-Silicon Coordination-Induced Nonradical Activation of Peroxymonosulfate for Enhancing the Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Real Wastewater. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2500434. [PMID: 39955719 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2025] [Revised: 02/09/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Nonradical-driven degradation pathways have emerged as a promising solution for the removal of emerging organic pollutants in complex water matrices. How to construct nonradical systems remains a challenge. In this study, a novel silicon carbide (SiC)-supported cobalt single-atom catalyst (Co/SiC) is developed to induce nonradicals activation of peroxymonosulfate toward the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The normalized degradation rate of SMX reaches 16.425 L·min-1·g-1·mm-1, significantly outperforming most reported single-atom catalysts. Surface-bound reactive species dominate the SMX degradation process, followed by high-valent cobalt oxo. Experimental and characterization results demonstrate that the unique Co-Si coordination structure facilitated electron transfer, and lowered the energy barrier for the formation of surface-bound reactive species, thereby exhibiting superior resistance to inorganic ions. In a seven-day continuous column experiment, SMX, atrazine, and bisphenol A are completely removed from actual secondary effluent, confirming the stability and effectiveness of the catalyst in real wastewater systems. Moreover, the acute toxicity of treated secondary effluent almost disappears. These results highlight the potential of Co-Si coordination in driving electron transfer for the generation of nonradicals, offering a promising approach to addressing the challenges of the removal of emerging organic pollutants from the complex wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Chen X, Li Y, Wu L, Xue J, He X, Huang M, Yang L. Mechanistic insights into activation of peracetic acid by sludge biogas residue biochar for efficient sulfamethoxazole degradation in aqueous solution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2025; 418:131857. [PMID: 39615762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 11/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
The application of peracetic acid (PAA) in the advanced oxidation process has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for treating aqueous organic pollutants. In this study, it is the first time that biogas residue biochar (BRBC) derived from sludge anaerobic digestion plants was prepared and used as a PAA activator for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. The optimal SMX removal could achieve 92 % within 120 min under acidic conditions. The SMX degradation was slightly enhanced in the presence of Cl-, while it could be inhibited by HCO3-. Quenching experiment and EPR analysis demonstrated that both radical and non-radical processes contributed to SMX degradation. ECOSAR analysis showed a significant reduction in intermediate toxicity. Meanwhile, BRBC700 exhibited excellent reusability and stability even in real water matrices. The study presented an innovative approach for biogas residue application and provided a novel pretreatment for SMX-containing wastewater for further biological treatment method after simple acid-base regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yulong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Li Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Jianming Xue
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute (Scion), Forest System, POB 29237, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoman He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Min Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Bux N, Tumrani SH, Soomro RA, Ma Q, Zhou J, Wang T. Catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous systems: A comprehensive review of peroxyacetic acid-based advanced oxidation processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2025; 373:123989. [PMID: 39756279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
Abstract
Peroxyacetic acid (PAA)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as a promising treatment method to decontaminate organic pollutants. This review thoroughly evaluated the use of PAA-based AOPs, including their synthesis techniques, physicochemical features, and reaction pathways with pollutants. It also illustrated two primary channels: free radical pathways and non-radical pathways during the PAA activation processes and introduced various methods for activating PAA, including energy radiation, transition metal catalysis, and carbon catalysis. Additionally, this review comprehensively presented the advancements in research on PAA-based AOPs for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the influences of key parameters on system performance, such as pH, catalyst loading, PAA dosage, and interfering species, were summarized. By critically evaluating mechanisms, performance, and prospects, this review served as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners involved in the development and implementation of PAA-based AOPs for sustainable water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Bux
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Sadam Hussain Tumrani
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Razium Ali Soomro
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Qiuling Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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Liu Y, Xu L, Li X, Wang S. Removal of sulfamethoxazole by Fe(III)-activated peracetic acid combined with ascorbic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39737894 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2442779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/01/2025]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) was used as a reducing agent to improve the Fe(III)-activated peracetic acid (PAA) system for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in this work. The efficiency, influencing factors and mechanism of SMX elimination in the AA/Fe(III)/PAA process were studied. The results exhibited that AA facilitated the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) and subsequently improved the activation of PAA and H2O2. Various radicals, including organic radicals (e.g. CH3C(O)O• and CH3C(O)OO•) and hydroxyl radical (HO•), were rapidly formed from the activated PAA and H2O2, resulting in SMX removal. Increasing dosages of PAA and Fe(III) contributed to enhanced SMX degradation, while excessive PAA and Fe(III) did not further promote SMX degradation. Due to the radicals' quenching effect, excess AA hindered SMX elimination in the AA/Fe(III)/PAA process. The presence of HCO 3 - and Cl- inhibited SMX removal in this system, whereas NO 3 - , SO 4 2 - and natural organic matter had little impact on SMX degradation. The transformation pathways of SMX in the AA/Fe(III)/PAA system included hydroxylation, bond cleavage and amino oxidation. This research provides a strategy to enhance the Fe(III)-activated PAA system for the elimination of refractory organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Qiao C, Jia W, Tang J, Chen C, Wu Y, Liang Y, Du J, Wu Q, Feng X, Wang H, Guo WQ. Advances of carbon-based materials for activating peracetic acid in advanced oxidation processes: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120058. [PMID: 39326650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the peracetic acid (PAA)-based advanced oxidation process (AOPs) has garnered significant attention in the field of water treatment due to rapid response time and environmentally-friendliness. The activation of PAA systems by diverse carbon-based materials plays a crucial role in addressing emerging environmental contaminants, including various types, structures, and modified forms of carbon materials. However, the structural characteristics and structure-activity relationship of carbon-based materials in the activation of PAA are intricate, while the degradation pathways and dominant active species exhibit diversity. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the developmental process of the carbon-based materials/PAA system through resource integration and logical categorization, thereby indicating potential avenues for future research. The present paper comprehensively reviews the structural characteristics and action mechanism of carbon-based materials in PAA system, while also analyzing the development, properties, and activation mechanism of heteroatom-doped carbon-based materials in this system. In conclusion, this study has effectively organized the resources pertaining to prominent research direction of comprehensive remediation of environmental water pollution, thereby elucidating the underlying logic and thought process. Consequently, it establishes robust theoretical foundation for future investigations and applications involving carbon-based materials/PAA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wenrui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jingrui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yaohua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yongqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Juanshan Du
- Department of Energy Engineering, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, 58330, South Korea
| | - Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiaochi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huazhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Liu Z, Tang J, Liu L, Zhu Y, Shao Q, Chen Y, Xie P. Rapid Peracetic acid activation by CoO under neutral condition: The contribution of multiple reactive species. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120059. [PMID: 39326651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel process of cobalt monoxide (CoO)-activated peracetic acid (PAA) for treating emerging micropollutant in water. PAA was activated under neutral conditions by combining a dominant heterogeneous phase on the catalyst surface and a homogeneous phase by dissolved Co2+. The system produced several reactive oxygen species, including hydroxyl radicals (HO∙HO•), singlet oxygen (1O2), organic radicals (RO•(CH3C(O)O•, CH3C(O)OO•) and high-valent cobalt (Co(IV)). Organic radicals and high-valent cobalt primarily drove the emerging micropollutants degradation, interacting via electron transfer. Further density functional theory calculations supported that the spontaneous adsorption of PAA onto the catalyst could break peroxy bonds that generate radicals. Furthermore, the CoO surface structure underwent minimal changes during the reaction, making it highly reusable. Thus, the novel CoO/PAA system could be an effective advanced oxidation process for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jinlan Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qing Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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22
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Wang J, Wang B, Li Y, Yang Y, Gao C, Wu X. Efficient activation of peracetic acid by defect-engineered MoO 2-x: Oxygen vacancies and surface Mo(Ⅴ)-mediated electron transfer processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:136442. [PMID: 39522151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The role of defect regulation of transition metal catalysts in peracetic acid (PAA) activation is equivocal. To reveal the corresponding mechanism, this work provides a high-efficiency and eco-friendly catalyst (MoO2-x) for PAA activation by introducing various degrees of oxygen vacancies on the MoO2 surface. Interestingly, 95.83 % of tetracycline (TC) is rapidly degraded by MoO2-x with rich oxygen vacancies within 20 min via PAA activation, which is superior over that of MoO2-x with poor oxygen vacancies and other typical oxidants (H2O2, SO32-, S2O82-, HSO5-, IO4-). In addition, the defect-regulated MoO2-x exhibits good de-biotoxicity towards TC. Moreover, MoO2-x shows satisfactory purification of various contaminants and actual pharma wastewater. Active species identification suggests that the electron transfer process triggered by the active complex (MoO2-x -PAA*) of PAA bonded on the MoO2-x surface plays the dominant role in TC degradation, while •OH plays a minor role. Mechanism analysis reveals that oxygen vacancies play an indispensable role in accelerating the adsorption and complexation of PAA as well as improving electrical conductivity. Active site analysis demonstrates that Mo(Ⅴ) on the MoO2-x surface acts as an electron shuttle and is the main PAA activation site. This work provides a new approach into the application of MoO2 in hospital wastewater purification via defect engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Boran Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yubiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiling Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Caiyan Gao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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23
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Liu Y, Zhou R, Tang Y, Li X, Xu L, Fu Y. Enhanced Mn(II)/peracetic acid by nitrilotriacetic acid to degrade organic contaminants: Role of Mn(V) and organic radicals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:29686. [PMID: 39613929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-81368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, it was found that the presence of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) could enhance the elimination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) significantly in Mn(II)/peracetic acid (PAA) process. NTA firstly complexed with Mn(II) to produce Mn(II)-NTA complex, which could activate PAA producing CH3C(O)O· and Mn(III)-NTA complex. Subsequently, Mn(V) was generated via two-electron transfer between Mn(III)-NTA complex and PAA. According to the results of UV-vis spectrum analysis, scavenging experiments and chemical probe method, organic radicals and Mn(V) were proved to participate in SMX abatement and Mn(V) was the predominant reactive oxidant. Four possible degradation pathways of SMX in Mn(II)/PAA/NTA process including hydroxylation, amino oxidation, bond cleavage and coupling reaction were proposed based on six identified degradation products. Mn(II)/PAA/NTA process worked only in acidic and neutral conditions and the increase in PAA, Mn(II) or NTA concentration could accelerate SMX removal. This study provides a strategy for improving PAA activation by Mn(II) and an insight into SMX degradation mechanism by Mn(II)/PAA/NTA process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
| | - Runyu Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
- Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yuqi Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Linghan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Yongsheng Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
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He L, Zou J, Wu J, Li S, Wu Z, Huang Y, Kou X, Cheng Q, Wang P, Ma J. Highly Efficient Degradation of Emerging Contaminants with Sodium Bicarbonate-Enhanced Mn(II)/Peracetic Acid Process: Formation and Contribution of Mn(V). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:20313-20326. [PMID: 39491523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Organic ligands have been extensively used to enhance the catalytic performance of manganese ion (Mn(II)) for peracetic acid (PAA). In this study, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), an economical and eco-friendly inorganic ligand, was introduced to enhance the degradation of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the Mn(II)/PAA process. NaHCO3 could significantly improve the oxidizing ability of the Mn(II)/PAA process over the initial pH range of 3.0-11.0. Mn(V) was identified as the primary reactive species for degrading naproxen in the NaHCO3/Mn(II)/PAA process. HCO3- could complex with Mn(II) to generate Mn(II)-HCO3-, which has a lower redox potential to enhance the catalytic activity of Mn(II). Mn(II)-HCO3- reacted with PAA to produce Mn(III)-HCO3- and CH3C(O)O•. Mn(V)-HCO3- was generated via two-electron transfer between Mn(III)-HCO3- and PAA. Although organic radicals were detected in the NaHCO3/Mn(II)/PAA process, naproxen was mainly degraded by Mn(V)-HCO3- via one-electron transfer along with the formation of MnO2. Notably, the coexisting hydrogen peroxide was vital in the reduction of MnO2 to Mn(II/III), thereby enhancing the continuous generation of Mn(V)-HCO3-. NaHCO3/Mn(II)/PAA process exhibited exceptional oxidation performance in actual water samples. This study proposed a strategy utilizing an eco-friendly inorganic ligand to address the inherent drawbacks of organic ligand-enhanced Mn(II)/PAA processes and highlighted its potential applications in the removal of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng He
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Kou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Cheng
- School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, P. R. China
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25
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Yang S, Sun S, Xie Z, Dong Y, Zhou P, Zhang J, Xiong Z, He CS, Mu Y, Lai B. Comprehensive Insight into the Common Organic Radicals in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Decontamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:19571-19583. [PMID: 39442087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Radical-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are among the most effective technologies employed to destroy organic pollutants. Compared to common inorganic radicals, such as •OH, O2•-, and SO4•-, organic radicals are widespread, and more selective, but are easily overlooked. Furthermore, a systematic understanding of the generation and contributions of organic radicals remains lacking. In this review, we systematically summarize the properties, possible generation pathways, detection methods, and contributions of organic radicals in AOPs. Notably, exploring organic radicals in AOPs is challenging due to (1) limited detection methods for generated organic radicals; (2) controversial organic radical-mediated reaction mechanisms; and (3) rapid transformation of organic radicals as reaction intermediates. In addition to their characteristics and reactivity, we examine potential scenarios of organic radical generation in AOPs, including during the peroxide activation process, in water matrices or with coexisting organic pollutants, and due to the addition of quenching agents. Subsequently, we summarize various methods for organic radical detection as reported previously, such as electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR), liquid/gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/LC-MS), and fluorescence probes. Finally, we review the contributions of organic radicals to decontamination processes and provide recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Si Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhihui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yudan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaokun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chuan-Shu He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Liu T, Li N, Xiao S, Chen J, Ji R, Shi Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Revisiting iodide species transformation in peracetic acid oxidation: unexpected role of radicals in micropollutants decontamination and iodate formation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 265:122270. [PMID: 39167976 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) is an alternative disinfectant for saline wastewaters, and hypohalous acids are typically regarded as the reactive species for oxidation and disinfection. However, new results herein strongly suggest that reactive radicals instead of HOI primarily contributed to decontamination during PAA treatment of iodine-containing wastewater. The presence of I- could greatly accelerate the micropollutants (e.g., sulfamethoxazole (SMX)) transformation by PAA. Chemical probes experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis demonstrate acetylperoxyl radical rather than reactive iodine species primarily responsible for SMX degradation. The kinetic model was developed to further distinguish and quantify the contribution of radicals and iodine species, as well as to elucidate the transformation pathways of iodine species. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the nucleophilic attack of I- on the peroxide bond of PAA could form unstable O-I bond, with the transition state energy barrier for radical generation lower than that for HOI formation. The transformation of iodine species was regulated by acetylperoxyl radical to generate nontoxic IO3-, greatly alleviating the iodinated DBPs formation in saline wastewaters. This work provides mechanistic insights in radical-regulated iodine species transformation during PAA oxidation, paving the way for the development of viable and eco-friendly technology for iodide containing water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shaoze Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai,200092, China.
| | - Ruicheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yufei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai,200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai,200092, China.
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Wu JH, Yu HQ. Confronting the Mysteries of Oxidative Reactive Species in Advanced Oxidation Processes: An Elephant in the Room. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:18496-18507. [PMID: 39382033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are rapidly evolving but still lack well-established protocols for reliably identifying oxidative reactive species (ORSs). This Perspective presents both the radical and nonradical ORSs that have been identified or proposed, along with the extensive controversies surrounding oxidative mechanisms. Conventional identification tools, such as quenchers, probes, and spin trappers, might be inadequate for the analytical demands of systems in which multiple ORSs coexist, often yielding misleading results. Therefore, the challenges of identifying these complex, short-lived, and transient ORSs must be fully acknowledged. Refining analytical methods for ORSs is necessary, supported by rigorous experiments and innovative paradigms, particularly through kinetic analysis based on in situ spectroscopic techniques and multiple-probe strategies. To demystify these complex ORSs, future efforts should be made to develop advanced tools and strategies to enhance the mechanism understanding. In addition, integrating real-world conditions into experimental designs will establish a reliable framework in fundamental studies, providing more accurate insights and effectively guiding the design of AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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28
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Shi Y, Xiao S, Qian Y, Huang CH, Chen J, Li N, Liu T, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Revisiting the synergistic oxidation of peracetic acid and permanganate(Ⅶ) towards micropollutants: The enhanced electron transfer mechanism of reactive manganese species. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122105. [PMID: 39032336 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Synergistic actions of peroxides and high-valent metals have garnered increasing attentions in wastewater treatment. However, how peroxides interact with the reactive metal species to enhance the reactivity remains unclear. Herein, we report the synergistic oxidation of peracetic acid (PAA) and permanganate(Ⅶ) towards micropollutants, and revisit the underlying mechanism. The PAA-Mn(VII) system showed remarkable efficiency with a 28-fold enhancement on sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation compared to Mn(Ⅶ) alone. Extensive quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis revealed the generation of unexpected Mn(V) and Mn(VI) beyond Mn(III) in the PAA-Mn(VII) system. The utilization efficiency of Mn intermediates was quantified using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonate (ABTS), and the results indicated that PAA could enhance the electron transfer efficiency of reactive manganese (Mn) species, thus accelerating the micropollutant degradation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that Mn intermediates could coordinate to the O1 of PAA with a low energy gap, enhancing the oxidation capacity and stability of Mn intermediates. A kinetic model based on first principles was established to simulate the time-dependent concentration profiles of the PAA-Mn complexes and quantify the contributions of the PAA-Mn(III) complex (50.8 to 59.3 %) and the PAA-Mn(Ⅴ/Ⅵ) complex (40.7 to 49.2 %). The PAA-Mn(VII) system was resistant to the interference from complex matrix components (e.g., chloride and humic acid), leading to the high efficiency in real wastewater. This work provides new insights into the interaction of PAA with reactive manganese species for accelerated oxidation of micropollutants, facilitating its application in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shaoze Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yajie Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tongcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Wang J, Kim J, Li J, Krall C, Sharma VK, Ashley DC, Huang CH. Rapid and Highly Selective Fe(IV) Generation by Fe(II)-Peroxyacid Advanced Oxidation Processes: Mechanistic Investigation via Kinetics and Density Functional Theory. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39276080 PMCID: PMC11428173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
High-valent iron (Fe(IV/V/VI)) has been widely applied in water decontamination. However, common Fe(II)-activating oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and persulfate react slowly with Fe(II) and exhibit low selectivity for Fe(IV) production due to the cogeneration of radicals. Herein, we report peroxyacids (POAs; R-C(O)OOH) that can react with Fe(II) more than 3 orders of magnitude faster than H2O2, with high selectivity for Fe(IV) generation. Rapid degradation of bisphenol A (BPA, an endocrine disruptor) was achieved by the combination of Fe(II) with performic acid (PFA), peracetic acid (PAA), or perpropionic acid (PPA) within one second. Experiments with phenyl methyl sulfoxide (PMSO) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) revealed Fe(IV) as the major reactive species in all three Fe(II)-POA systems, with a minor contribution of radicals (i.e., •OH and R-C(O)O•). To understand the exceptionally high reactivity of POAs, a detailed computational comparison among the Fenton-like reactions with step-by-step thermodynamic evaluation was conducted. The high reactivity is attributed to the lower energy barriers for O-O bond cleavage, which is determined as the rate-limiting step for the Fenton-like reactions, and the thermodynamically favorable bidentate binding pathway of POA with iron. Overall, this study advances knowledge on POAs as novel Fenton-like reagents and sheds light on computational chemistry for these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyue Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Juhee Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Caroline Krall
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Virender K Sharma
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Daniel C Ashley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Spelman College, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, United States
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Wu J, Zou J, Lin J, Li S, He L, Wu Z, Li Q, Gong C, Ma J. Overlooked Role of Coexistent Hydrogen Peroxide in Activated Peracetic Acid by Cu(II) for Enhanced Oxidation of Organic Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:15741-15754. [PMID: 38359405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cu(II)-catalyzed peracetic acid (PAA) processes have shown significant potential to remove contaminants in water treatment. Nevertheless, the role of coexistent H2O2 in the transformation from Cu(II) to Cu(I) remained contentious. Herein, with the Cu(II)/PAA process as an example, the respective roles of PAA and H2O2 on the Cu(II)/Cu(I) cycling were comprehensively investigated over the pH range of 7.0-10.5. Contrary to previous studies, it was surprisingly found that the coexistent deprotonated H2O2 (HO2-), instead of PAA, was crucial for accelerating the transformation from Cu(II) to Cu(I) (kHO2-/Cu(II) = (0.17-1) × 106 M-1 s-1, kPAA/Cu(II) < 2.33 ± 0.3 M-1 s-1). Subsequently, the formed Cu(I) preferentially reacted with PAA (kPAA/Cu(I) = (5.84 ± 0.17) × 102 M-1 s-1), rather than H2O2 (kH2O2/Cu(I) = (5.00 ± 0.2) × 101 M-1 s-1), generating reactive species to oxidize organic contaminants. With naproxen as the target pollutant, the proposed synergistic role of H2O2 and PAA was found to be highly dependent on the solution pH with weakly alkaline conditions being more conducive to naproxen degradation. Overall, this study systematically investigated the overlooked but crucial role of coexistent H2O2 in the Cu(II)/PAA process, which might provide valuable insights for better understanding the underlying mechanism in Cu-catalyzed PAA processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jinbin Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng He
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Gong
- Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, P. R. China
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Lu W, Chen N, Feng C, Sirés I, An N, Mu H. Exploring the viability of peracetic acid-mediated antibiotic degradation in wastewater through activation with electrogenerated HClO. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122007. [PMID: 38996730 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) face challenging conditions in chloride media, owing to the co-generation of undesirable Cl-disinfection byproducts (Cl-DBPs). Herein, the synergistic activation between in-situ electrogenerated HClO and peracetic acid (PAA)-based reactive species in actual wastewater is discussed. A metal-free graphene-modified graphite felt (graphene/GF) cathode is used for the first time to achieve the electrochemically-mediated activation of PAA. The PAA/Cl- system allowed a near-complete sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation (kobs =0.49 min-1) in only 5 min in a model solution, inducing 32.7- and 8.2-fold rise in kobs as compared to single PAA and Cl- systems, respectively. Such enhancement is attributed to the occurrence of 1O2 (25.5 μmol L-1 after 5 min of electrolysis) from the thermodynamically favored reaction between HClO and PAA-based reactive species. The antibiotic degradation in a complex water matrix was further considered. The SMX removal is slightly susceptible to the coexisting natural organic matter, with both the acute cytotoxicity (ACT) and the yield of 12 DBPs decreasing by 29.4 % and 37.3 %, respectively. According to calculations, HClO accumulation and organic Cl-addition reactions are thermodynamically unfavored. This study provides a scenario-oriented paradigm for PAA-based electrochemical treatment technology, being particularly appealing for treating wastewater rich in Cl- ion, which may derive in toxic Cl-DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ning An
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Haotian Mu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Zou R, Yang W, Rezaei B, Tang K, Guo K, Zhang P, Keller SS, Andersen HR, Zhang Y. Activation of peracetic acid by electrodes using biogenic electrons: A novel energy- and catalyst-free process to eliminate pharmaceuticals. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122065. [PMID: 39002421 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) has received increasing attention as an alternative oxidant for wastewater treatment. However, existing processes for PAA activation to generate reactive species typically require external energy input (e.g., electrically and UV-mediated activation) or catalysts (e.g., Co2+), inevitably increasing treatment costs or introducing potential new contaminants that necessitate additional removal. In this work, we developed a catalyst-free, self-sustaining bioelectrochemical approach within a two-chamber bioelectrochemical system (BES), where a cathode electrode in-situ activates PAA using renewable biogenic electrons generated by anodic exoelectrogens (e.g., Geobacter) degrading biodegradable organic matter (e.g., acetic acid) in wastewater at the anode. This innovative BES-PAA technique achieved 98 % and 81 % removal of 2 µM sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in two hours at pH 2 (cation exchange membrane) and pH 6 (bipolar membrane) using 100 μM PAA without external voltage. Mechanistic studies, including radical quenching, molecular probe validation, electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealed that SMX degradation was driven by reactive species generated via biogenic electron-mediated OO cleavage of PAA, with CH3C(O)OO• contributing 68.1 %, •OH of 18.4 %, and CH3C(O)O• of 9.4 %, where initial formation of •OH and CH3C(O)O• rapidly reacts with PAA to produce CH3C(O)OO•. The presence of common water constituents such as anions (e.g., Cl-, NO3-, and H2PO4-) and humic acid (HA) significantly hinders SMX removal via the BES-PAA technique, whereas CO32- and HCO3- ions have a comparatively minor impact. Additionally, the study investigated the removal of various pharmaceuticals present in secondary treated municipal wastewater, attributing differences in removal efficiency to the selective action of CH3C(O)OO•. This research demonstrates a novel PAA activation method that is ecologically benign, inexpensive, and capable of overcoming catalyst deactivation and secondary pollution issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusen Zou
- Department of Environmental & Ressource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK 2800, Denmark
| | - Babak Rezaei
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Environmental & Ressource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kuangxin Guo
- Department of Environmental & Ressource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pingping Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Stephan Sylvest Keller
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Rasmus Andersen
- Department of Environmental & Ressource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental & Ressource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Hu CY, Hu LL, Dong ZY, Yang XY, Liu H, Chen JN, Gao LM. Enhanced degradation of emerging contaminants by Far-UVC photolysis of peracetic acid: Synergistic effect and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121943. [PMID: 38909423 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Krypton chloride (KrCl*) excimer lamps (222 nm) are used as a promising irradiation source to drive ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) in water treatment. In this study, the UV222/peracetic acid (PAA) process is implemented as a novel UV-AOPs for the degradation of emerging contaminants (ECs) in water. The results demonstrate that UV222/PAA process exhibits excellent degradation performance for carbamazepine (CBZ), with a removal rate of 90.8 % within 45 min. Notably, the degradation of CBZ in the UV222/PAA process (90.8 %) was significantly higher than that in the UV254/PAA process (15.1 %) at the same UV dose. The UV222/PAA process exhibits superior electrical energy per order (EE/O) performance while reducing resource consumption associated with the high-energy UV254/PAA process. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection confirm that HO• play a dominant role in the reaction. The contributions of direct photolysis, HO•, and other active species (RO• and 1O2) are estimated to be 5 %, 88 %, and 7 %, respectively. In addition, the effects of Cl-, HCO3-, and humic acid (HA) on the degradation of CBZ are evaluated. The presence of relatively low concentrations of Cl-, HCO3-, and HA can inhibit CBZ degradation. The UV222/PAA oxidation process could also effectively degrade several other ECs (i.e., iohexol, sulfamethoxazole, acetochlor, ibuprofen), indicating the potential application of this process in pollutant removal. These findings will propel the development of the UV222/PAA process and provide valuable insights for its application in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Li-Li Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Zheng-Yu Dong
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China.
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Jia-Nan Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Ling-Mei Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
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Li Z, Wang X, Peng F, Chen N, Fang G. Organic radicals driving polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polymerization with peracetic acid activation in soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134839. [PMID: 38878430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The use of peracetic acid (PAA) in advanced oxidation processes has gained significant attention recently, but the knowledge of activating PAA to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is limited due to the variety and selectivity of reactive substances in PAA oxidation system. This paper presented the first systemically study on the degradation of PAHs by PAA activation in soil. It was found that heat-activated peracetic acid (heat/PAA) was capable of degrading phenanthrene (PHE) efficiently with degradation efficiency > 90 % within 30 min. Experimental results demonstrated that a series of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including organic radicals (RO•), hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were generated, while acetylperoxyl (CH3C(O)OO•) and acetyloxyl (CH3C(O)O•) radicals were primarily responsible for PHE degradation in soil. Further analysis shows that polymerization products such as diphenic acid, 2'-formyl-2-biphenylcarboxylic acid and other macromolecules were dominant products of PHE degradation, suggesting polymerization driving PHE degradation instead of the conventional mineralization process. Toxicity analysis shows that most of the polymerization products had less toxicity than that of PHE. These results indicate that PAA activation was a highly effective remediation method for PAHs contaminated soil, which also provided a novel mechanism for pollutant degradation with the PAA activation process for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Fei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Guodong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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Niu X, Wei J, Jiang Z, Cui X, Li Y, Cui N, Li J, Wang L, Huo J, Ji W, Zhang X, Li J. New insights into the pH-dependent removal of sulfamethoxazole in peracetic acid activation systems: From mechanistic exploration to practical application potentials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134674. [PMID: 38823106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) as emerging oxidant in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has attracted widespread attention in purifying water pollution. In this research, the removal of target contaminant (sulfamethoxazole, SMX) was investigated through PAA activation by a facile catalyst (Co@C), and the active sites of catalyst were identified as sp3-C, Oads, and Co0 by correlation analysis. Especially, different pH adjustment strategies were designed, including System A (adjusting pH after adding PAA) and System B (adjusting pH before adding PAA), to investigate the impact of oxidant acidity and alkalinity on solution microenvironment as well as effect and mechanism of pollutant removal. The results showed that HO· and CH3C(O)OO· dominated in System A, while Co(IV)O2+ was also observed in System B. Both systems showed optimal SMX degradation (98 %). However, System A exhibited excellent water quality tolerance (efficiency > 78 %), superior sustained catalyst activation (efficiency > 80 % in 40 h), less ion leaching (41 μg L-1), and lower products toxicity. Moreover, the pH of solution after reaction in System B was intensely acidic, requiring costly pH adjustments for discharge. This study unveils the strategy of adjusting pH after adding PAA is preferable for water purification, enriching the emerging research of PAA-based AOPs for the remediation of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiruo Niu
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zijian Jiang
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xueru Cui
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Nan Cui
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Linhao Wang
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiangkai Huo
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jun Li
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Li S, Zou J, Wu J, Lin J, Tang C, Yang S, Chen L, Li Q, Wang P, Ma J. Protocatechuic acid enhanced the selective degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics in Fe(III)/peracetic acid process under actually neutral pH conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121891. [PMID: 38870888 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The practical application of the Fe-catalyzed peracetic acid (PAA) processes is seriously restricted due to the need for narrow pH working range and poor anti-interference capacity. This study demonstrates that protocatechuic acid (PCA), a natural and eco-environmental phenolic acid, significantly enhanced the removal of sulfonamide antibiotics in Fe(III)/PAA process under actually neutral pH conditions (6.0-8.0) by complexing Fe(III). With sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as the model contaminant, the pseudo-first-order rate constant of SMX elimination in PCA/Fe(III)/PAA process was 63.5 times higher than that in Fe(III)/PAA process at pH 7.0, surpassing most of the previously reported strategies-enhanced Fe-catalyzed PAA processes (i.e., picolinic acid and hydroxylamine etc.). Excluding the primary contribution of reactive species commonly found in Fe-catalyzed PAA processes (e.g., •OH, R-O•, Fe(IV)/Fe(V) and 1O2) to SMX removal, the Fe(III)-peroxy complex intermediate (CH3C(O)OO-Fe(III)-PCA) was proposed as the primary reactive species in PCA/Fe(III)/PAA process. DFT theoretical calculations indicate that CH3C(O)OO-Fe(III)-PCA exhibited stronger oxidation potential than CH3C(O)OO-Fe(III), thereby enhancing SMX removal. Four potential removal pathways of SMX were proposed and the toxicity of reaction solution decreased with the removal of SMX. Furthermore, PCA/Fe(III)/PAA process exhibited strong anti-interference capacity to common natural anions (HCO3-, Cl-and NO3-) and humic acid. More importantly, the PCA/Fe(III)/PAA process demonstrated high efficiency for SMX elimination in actual samples, even at a trace Fe(III) dosage (i.e., 5 μM). Overall, this study provided a highly-efficient and eco-environmental strategy to remove sulfonamide antibiotics in Fe(III)/PAA process under actually neutral pH conditions and to strengthen its anti-interference capacity, underscoring its potential application in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
| | - Jianying Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Jinbin Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chenyu Tang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
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Wang J, Schaefer T, Lisouskaya A, Firak DS, Xin X, Meng L, Herrmann H, Sharma VK, Huang CH. Unveiling the environmental significance of acetylperoxyl radical: Reactivity quantification and kinetic modeling. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae330. [PMID: 39189022 PMCID: PMC11346367 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Acetylperoxyl radical (CH3C(O)OO•) is among highly reactive organic radicals which are known to play crucial roles in atmospheric chemistry, aqueous chemistry and, most recently, peracetic acid (PAA)-based advanced oxidation processes. However, fundamental knowledge for its reactivity is scarce and severely hampers the understanding of relevant environmental processes. Herein, three independent experimental approaches were exploited for revelation and quantification of the reaction rates of acetylperoxyl radical. First, we developed and verified laser flash photolysis of biacetyl, ultraviolet (UV) photolysis of biacetyl, and pulse radiolysis of acetaldehyde, each as a clean source of CH3C(O)OO•. Then, using competition kinetics and selection of suitable probe and competitor compounds, the rate constants between CH3C(O)OO• and compounds of diverse structures were determined. The three experimental approaches complemented in reaction time scale and ease of operation, and provided cross-validation of the rate constants. Moreover, the formation of CH3C(O)OO• was verified by spin-trapped electron paramagnetic resonance, and potential influence of other reactive species in the systems was assessed. Overall, CH3C(O)OO• displays distinctively high reactivity and selectivity, reacting especially favorably with naphthyl and diene compounds (k ∼ 107-108 M-1 s-1) but sluggishly with N- and S-containing groups. Significantly, we demonstrated that incorporating acetylperoxyl radical-oxidation reactions significantly improved the accuracy in modeling the degradation of environmental micropollutants by UV/PAA treatment. This study is among the most comprehensive investigation for peroxyl radical reactivity to date, and establishes a robust methodology for investigating organic radical chemistry. The determined rate constants strengthen kinetic databases and improve modeling accuracy for natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyue Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 200 Bobby Dodd Way NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aliaksandra Lisouskaya
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, 102 Radiaiton Research Building, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Daniele S Firak
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiaoyue Xin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 200 Bobby Dodd Way NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lingjun Meng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 200 Bobby Dodd Way NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Road, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 200 Bobby Dodd Way NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Liu X, Li Z, Jin L, Wang H, Huang Y, Huang D, Liu X. Peracetic Acid Activation by Modified Hematite for Water Purification: Performance, Degradation Pathways, and Mechanism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:15301-15309. [PMID: 38982808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Natural mineral-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are now receiving increasing attention for the efficient degradation of pollutants. In this work, we used a common reducing agent (NaBH4) to treat natural Hematite to obtain modified Hematite (Hematite-(R)) and applied it to activate peracetic acid (PAA) for efficient degradation of cefazolin (CFZ). Compared with Hematite, the Hematite-(R)/PAA system increased the degradation rate of CFZ by 21.7% within 80 min under neutral conditions. Scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technology were introduced to identify the principal roles of 1O2, CH3C(O)OO•, and •OH for CFZ removal over the Hematite-(R)/PAA process. The outstanding capability of Hematite-(R) could be mainly due to the higher percentage of Fe(II) (52%) on the surface of catalysts. Furthermore, the possible degradation pathways of CFZ were explored. Moreover, the Hematite-(R)/PAA process showed a superior CFZ removal efficiency with a wide initial pH scope of 1.0-9.0. The degradation efficiency of CFZ showed a negligible effect in the presence of Cl-, SO42-, and NO3-, while significant inhibition was recorded after the addition of H2PO4- and CO32-. The inhibition of humic acid (HA) on CFZ degradation via the Hematite-(R)/PAA process showed an obvious concentration dependence. This work could provide strong support for the use of natural Hematite in water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Zhangli Li
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Haoqi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Yingping Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Di Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, China
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Deng J, Dong H, Zhang S, Zhao Q, Cheng L, Zhang H, Xiao S, Huang D. Insights into the pH-dependent mechanism of peracetic acid activation by biochar-supported zero-valent iron/cobalt bimetallic nanoparticles: The shift of reactive sites and the dual role of hydrogen peroxide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135207. [PMID: 39013319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The peracetic acid (PAA)-based water purification process is often controlled by the solution pH. Herein, we explored the usage of biochar (BC) supported zero-valent iron/cobalt nanoparticles (Fe/Co@BC) for triggering PAA oxidation of sulfamethazine (SMT), and discovered the PAA activation mechanisms at different pHs. Fe/Co@BC exhibited extraordinary PAA activation efficiency over the pH range of 3.0-8.2, effectively broadening the working pH of the zero-valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI)-PAA process. Specifically, the SMT removal efficiency increased by 8.3 times in Fe/Co@BC-PAA system compared to the NZVI-PAA system at pH 8.2. Besides, the leaching and recycling experiments indicated the improved stability and reusability of the materials. For the mechanism study, the main reactive species was •OH under acidic conditions and R-O•/Fe(IV) under neutral/alkaline conditions. More interestingly, the reactive sites on Fe/Co@BC shifted from Fe species to Co species as pH increased, and the role of H2O2 in this reaction system also shifted from a radical precursor to a radical scavenger with increasing pH. This study highlights the distinct mechanism of PAA activation by bimetallic composites under different pH conditions and provides a new efficient approach for PAA activation to degrade organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Siqi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Quanling Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Longjie Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoxuan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shuangjie Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Daofen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Ren Y, Liu C, Ji C, Lai B, Zhang W, Li J. Selective oxidation decontamination in cobalt molybdate activated Fenton-like oxidation via synergic effect of cobalt and molybdenum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134639. [PMID: 38772113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) activated peracetic acid (PAA) was developed for water purification. CoMoO4/PAA system could remove 95% SMX with pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant of 0.15410 min-1, which was much higher than CoFe2O4/PAA, FeMoO4/PAA, and CoMoO4/persulfate systems. CoMoO4/PAA system follows a non-radical species pathway dominated by the high-valent cobalt (Co(IV)), and CH3C(O)OO• shows a minor contribution to decontamination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicates that the generation of Co(IV) is thermodynamically more favorable than CH3C(O)OO• generation. The abundant Co(IV) generation was attributed to the special structure of CoMoO4 and effect of molybdenum on redox cycle of Co(II)/Co(III). DFT calculation showed that the atoms of SMX with higher ƒ0 and ƒ- values are the main attack sites, which are in accordance with the results of degradation byproducts. CoMoO4/PAA system can effectively reduce biological toxicity after the reaction. Benefiting from the selective of Co(IV) and CH3C(O)OO•, the established CoMoO4/PAA system exhibits excellent anti-interference capacity and satisfactory decontamination performance under actual water conditions. Furthermore, the system was capable of good potential practical application for efficient removal of various organics and favorable reuse. Overall, this study provides a new strategy by CoMoO4 activated PAA for decontamination with high efficiency, high selectivity and favorable anti-interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenghan Ji
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Lai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Dong J, Dong H, Xiao J, Li L, Huang D, Zhao M. Enhanced Degradation of Micropollutants in a Peracetic Acid/Mn(II) System with EDDS: An Investigation of the Role of Mn Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12179-12188. [PMID: 38913078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the utilization of a metal-based catalyst to activate peracetic acid (PAA) for the degradation of micropollutants (MPs) in water. Mn(II) is a commonly employed catalyst for homogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), but its catalytic performance with PAA is poor. This study showed that the environmentally friendly chelator ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) could greatly facilitate the activation of Mn(II) in PAA for complete atrazine (ATZ) degradation. In this process, the EDDS enhanced the catalytic activity of manganese (Mn) and prevented disproportionation of transient Mn species, thus facilitating the decay of PAA and mineralization of ATZ. By employing electron spin resonance detection, quenching and probe tests, and 18O isotope-tracing experiments, the significance of high-valent Mn-oxo species (Mn(V)) in the Mn(II)-EDDS/PAA system was revealed. In particular, the involvement of the Mn(III) species was essential for the formation of Mn(V). Mn(III) species, along with singlet oxygen (1O2) and acetyl(per)oxyl radicals (CH3C(O)O•/CH3C(O)OO•), also contributed partially to ATZ degradation. Mass spectrometry and density functional theory methods were used to study the transformation pathway and mechanism of ATZ. The toxicity assessment of the oxidative products indicated that the toxicity of ATZ decreased after the degradation reaction. Moreover, the system exhibited excellent interference resistance toward various anions and humid acid (HA), and it could selectively degrade multiple MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Junyang Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Daofen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Mengxi Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Sathiyan K, Wang J, Williams LM, Huang CH, Sharma VK. Revisiting the Electron Transfer Mechanisms in Ru(III)-Mediated Advanced Oxidation Processes with Peroxyacids and Ferrate(VI). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11822-11832. [PMID: 38899941 PMCID: PMC11223481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The potential of Ru(III)-mediated advanced oxidation processes has attracted attention due to the recyclable catalysis, high efficiency at circumneutral pHs, and robust resistance against background anions (e.g., phosphate). However, the reactive species in Ru(III)-peracetic acid (PAA) and Ru(III)-ferrate(VI) (FeO42-) systems have not been rigorously examined and were tentatively attributed to organic radicals (CH3C(O)O•/CH3C(O)OO•) and Fe(IV)/Ru(V), representing single electron transfer (SET) and double electron transfer (DET) mechanisms, respectively. Herein, the reaction mechanisms of both systems were investigated by chemical probes, stoichiometry, and electrochemical analysis, revealing different reaction pathways. The negligible contribution of hydroxyl (HO•) and organic (CH3C(O)O•/CH3C(O)OO•) radicals in the Ru(III)-PAA system clearly indicated a DET reaction via oxygen atom transfer (OAT) that produces Ru(V) as the only reactive species. Further, the Ru(III)-performic acid (PFA) system exhibited a similar OAT oxidation mechanism and efficiency. In contrast, the 1:2 stoichiometry and negligible Fe(IV) formation suggested the SET reaction between Ru(III) and ferrate(VI), generating Ru(IV), Ru(V), and Fe(V) as reactive species for micropollutant abatement. Despite the slower oxidation rate constant (kinetically modeled), Ru(V) could contribute comparably as Fe(V) to oxidation due to its higher steady-state concentration. These reaction mechanisms are distinctly different from the previous studies and provide new mechanistic insights into Ru chemistry and Ru(III)-based AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Sathiyan
- Program
for Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-8371, United States
| | - Junyue Wang
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lois M. Williams
- Program
for Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-8371, United States
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Virender K. Sharma
- Program
for Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-8371, United States
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Xue Y, Sun W, Shi W, Huang CH, Santoro D. Prehydrated Electrons Activated by Continuous Electron Transfer Stemmed from Peracetic Acid Homolysis Mediated by Diamond Surface Defects for Enhanced PFOA Destruction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11152-11161. [PMID: 38867504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Research on the use of peracetic acid (PAA) activated by nonmetal solid catalysts for the removal of dissolved refractory organic compounds has gained attention recently due to its improved efficiency and suitability for advanced water treatment (AWT). Among these catalysts, nanocarbon (NC) stands out as an exceptional example. In the NC-based peroxide AWT studies, the focus on the mechanism involving multimedia coordination on the NC surface (reactive species (RS) path, electron reduction non-RS pathway, and singlet oxygen non-RS path) has been confined to the one-step electron reaction, leaving the mechanisms of multichannel or continuous electron transfer paths unexplored. Moreover, there are very few studies that have identified the nonfree radical pathway initiated by electron transfer within PAA AWT. In this study, the complete decomposition (kobs = 0.1995) and significant defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, deF% = 72%) through PAA/NC has been confirmed. Through the use of multiple electrochemical monitors and the exploration of current diffusion effects, the process of electron reception and conduction stimulated by PAA activation was examined, leading to the discovery of the dynamic process from the PAA molecule → NC solid surface → target object. The vital role of prehydrated electrons (epre-) before the entry of resolvable electrons into the aqueous phase was also detailed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance of identifying the nonradical mechanism of continuous electron transfer in PAA-based AWT, which deviates from the previously identified mechanisms of singlet oxygen, single-electron, or double-electron single-path transfer. The pathway, along with the strong reducibility of epre- initiated by this pathway, has been proven to be essential in reducing the need for catalysts and chemicals in AWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanei Xue
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Wenxin Shi
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Domenico Santoro
- USP Technologies, 3020 Gore Road, London, Ontario N5 V4T7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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An L, Kong X, Jiang M, Li W, Lv Q, Hou X, Liu C, Su P, Ma J, Yang T. Photo-assisted natural chalcopyrite activated peracetic acid for efficient micropollutant degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121699. [PMID: 38713937 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The effective activation of natural chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) on peracetic acid (PAA) to remove organic micropollutants was studied under visible light irradiation. Results showed than an effective sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation (95.0 %) was achieved under visible light irradiation for 30 min at pH 7.0. Quenching experiments, electron spin resonance analysis, and LC/MS spectrum demonstrated that HO• and CH3C(O)OO• were the main reactive species for SMX degradation, accounting for 43.3 % and 56.7 % of the contributions, respectively. Combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the photoelectrons generated on CuFeS2 activated by visible light enhanced the Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cu2+/Cu+ cycles on the surface, thereby activating PAA to generate HO•/CH3C(O)OO•. The removal rate of SMX decreased with the increase in wavelengths, due to the formation of low energy photons at longer wavelengths. Besides, the optimal pH for degradation of SMX by CuFeS2/PAA/Vis-LED process was neutral, which was attributed to the increasing easily activated anionic form of PAA during the increase in pH and the depletion of Fe species at alkaline conditions. Cl-, HCO3-, and HA slightly inhibited SMX degradation because of reactive species being quenched and/or shielding effect. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency of different pollutants by CuFeS2/PAA/Vis-LED was also measured, and the removal efficiency was different owing to the selectivity of CH3C(O)OO•. Finally, the process exhibited good applicability in real waters. Overall, this study provides new insight into visible light-catalyzed activation of PAA and suggests on further exploration of the intrinsic activation mechanism of PAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqian An
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiujuan Kong
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Maoju Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qixiao Lv
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Hou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chenlong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Su
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China.
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Yao M, Zhang S, Xie M, Zhao L, Zhao RS. Efficient activation of peracetic acid by cobalt modified nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for drugs degradation: Performance and mechanism insight. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142277. [PMID: 38719118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) has garnered significant attention as a novel disinfectant owing to its remarkable oxidative capacity and minimal potential to generate byproducts. In this study, we prepared a novel catalyst, denoted as cobalt modified nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Co@N-CNTs), and evaluated it for PAA activation. Modification with cobalt nanoparticles (∼4.8 nm) changed the morphology and structure of the carbon nanotubes, and greatly improved their ability to activate PAA. Co@N-CNTs/PAA catalytic system shows outstanding catalytic degradation ability of antiviral drugs. Under neutral conditions, with a dosage of 0.05 g/L Co@N-CNT-9.8 and 0.25 mM PAA, the removal efficiency of acyclovir (ACV) reached 98.3% within a mere 10 min. The primary reactive species responsible for effective pollutant degradation were identified as acetylperoxyl radicals (CH3C(O)OO•) and acetyloxyl radicals (CH3C(O)O•). In addition, density functional theory (DFT) proved that Co nanoparticles, as the main catalytic sites, were more likely to adsorb PAA and transfer more electrons than N-doped graphene. This study explored the feasibility of PAA degradation of antiviral drugs in sewage, and provided new insights for the application of heterogeneous catalytic PAA in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingya Yao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Meng Xie
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Lingxi Zhao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ru-Song Zhao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China.
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46
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Xu W, Huang D, Wang G, Zhou W, Li R, Huang H, Du L, Xiao R, Chen S. Doped Cu 0 and sulfidation induced transition from R-O• to •OH in peracetic acid activation by sulfidated nano zero-valent iron-copper. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121621. [PMID: 38642536 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) has emerged as a new effective oxidant for various contaminants degradation through advanced oxidation process (AOP). In this study, sulfidated nano zero-valent iron-copper (S-nZVIC) with low Cu doping and sulfidation was synthesized for PAA activation, resulting in more efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX, 20 μM) and other contaminants using a low dose of catalyst (0.05 g/L) and oxidant (100 μM). The characterization results suggested that S-nZVIC presented a more uniform size and distribution with fewer metal oxides, as the agglomeration and oxidation were inhibited. More significantly, doped Cu0 and sulfidation significantly enhanced the generation and contribution of •OH but decreased that of R-O• in S-nZVIC/PAA/SMX system compared with that of nZVIC and S-nZVI, accounting for the relatively high degradation efficiency of 97.7% in S-nZVIC/PAA/SMX system compared with 85.7% and 78.9% in nZVIC/PAA/SMX and S-nZVI/PAA/SMX system, respectively. The mechanisms underlying these changes were that (i) doped Cu° could promote the regeneration of Fe(Ⅱ) for strengthened PAA activation through mediating Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ) cycle by Cu(Ⅰ)/Cu(Ⅱ) cycle; (ii) S species might consume part of R-O•, resulting in a decreased contribution of R-O• in SMX degradation; (iii) sulfidation increased the electrical conductivity, thus facilitating the electron transfer from S-nZVIC to PAA. Consequently, the dominant reactive oxygen species transited from R-O• to •OH to degrade SMX more efficiently. The degradation pathways, intermediate products and toxicity were further analyzed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and T.E.S.T software analysis, which proved the environmental friendliness of this process. In addition, S-nZVIC exhibited high stability, recyclability and degradation efficiency over a wide pH range (3.0∼9.0). This work provides a new insight into the rational design and modification of nano zero-valent metals for efficient wastewater treatment through adjusting the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) into the more active free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangfu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Ruijing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Hai Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Li Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Ruihao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Sha Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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47
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Ning R, Dong Y, Yang SR, Yang S, Zhou P, Xiong Z, Pan ZC, He CS, Lai B. Fe-N co-doped biochar derived from biomass waste triggers peracetic acid activation for efficient water decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134139. [PMID: 38555674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the porous carbon material (FeN-BC) with ultra-high catalytic activity was obtained from waste biomass through Fe-N co-doping. The prominent degradation rate (> 96.8%) of naproxen (NAP) was achieved over a wide pH range (pH 3.0-9.0) in FeN-BC/PAA system. Unlike previously reported iron-based peracetic acid (PAA) systems with •OH or RO• as the dominated reactive species, the degradation of contaminants was attributed to singlet oxygen (1O2) produced by organic radicals (RO•) decomposition, which was proved to be thermodynamically feasible and favorable by theoretical calculations. Combining the theoretical calculations, characteristic and experimental analysis, the synergistic effects of Fe and N were proposed and summarized as follows: i) promoted the formation of extensive defects and Fe0 species that facilitated electron transfer between FeN-BC and PAA and continuous Fe(II) generation; ii) modified the specific surface area (SSA) and the isoelectric point of FeN-BC in favor of PAA adsorption on the catalyst surface. This study provides a strategy for waste biomass reuse to construct a heterogeneous catalyst/PAA system for efficient water purification and reveals the synergistic effects of typical metal-heteroatom for PAA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yudan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shu-Run Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaokun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Pan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Water Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology Research Center in Sichuan Province, Haitian Water Group, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuan-Shu He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Bo Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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48
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Yin W, Liu T, Chen J, Zhang L, Ji R, Xu Y, Xu J, Li N, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Using UV/peracetic acid as pretreatment for subsequent bio-treatment of antibiotic-containing wastewater treatment: Mitigating microbial inhibition and antibiotic resistance genes proliferation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134166. [PMID: 38554511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
UV/peracetic acid (PAA) treatment presents a promising approach for antibiotic removal, but its effects on microbial community and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during the subsequent bio-treatment remain unclear. Thus, we evaluated the effects of the UV/PAA on tetracycline (TTC) degradation, followed by introduction of the treated wastewater into the bio-treatment system to monitor changes in ARG expression and biodegradability. Results demonstrated effective TTC elimination by the UV/PAA system, with carbon-centered radicals playing a significant role. Crucially, the UV/PAA system not only eliminated antibacterial activity but also inhibited potential ARG host growth, thereby minimizing the emergence and dissemination of ARGs during subsequent bio-treatment. Additionally, the UV/PAA system efficiently removed multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria and ARGs from the bio-treatment effluent, preventing ARGs from being released into the environment. Hence, we propose a multi-barrier strategy for treating antibiotic-containing wastewater, integrating UV/PAA pre-treatment and post-disinfection with bio-treatment. The inhibition of ARGs transmission by the integrated system was verified through actual soil testing, confirming its effectiveness in preventing ARGs dissemination in the surrounding natural ecosystem. Overall, the UV/PAA treatment system offers a promising solution for tackling ARGs challenges by controlling ARGs proliferation at the source and minimizing their release at the end of the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tongcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Longlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruicheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment for Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment for Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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49
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Li S, Dai C, Li J, Duan Y, Fu R, Zhang Y, Hu J, Zhou L, Wan L, Zhang Q, Zhang Z. Unlocking the power of activated carbon-mediated peracetic acid activation for efficient antibiotics abatement in groundwater: Coupling the processes of electron transfer, radical production, and adsorption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133911. [PMID: 38430597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The activation of peracetic acid (PAA) by activated carbon (AC) is a promising approach for reducing micropollutants in groundwater. However, to harness the PAA/AC system's potential and achieve sustainable and low-impact groundwater remediation, it is crucial to quantify the individual contributions of active species. In this study, we developed a combined degradation kinetic and adsorption mass transfer model to elucidate the roles of free radicals, electron transfer processes (ETP), and adsorption on the degradation of antibiotics by PAA in groundwater. Our findings reveal that ETP predominantly facilitated the activation of PAA by modified activated carbon (AC600), contributing to ∼61% of the overall degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The carbonyl group (CO) on the surface of AC600 was identified as a probable site for the ETP. Free radicals contributed to ∼39% of the degradation, while adsorption was negligible. Thermodynamic and activation energy analyses indicate that the degradation of SMX within the PAA/AC600 system requires a relatively low energy input (27.66 kJ/mol), which is within the lower range of various heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions, thus making it easily achievable. These novel insights enhance our understanding of the AC600-mediated PAA activation mechanism and lay the groundwork for developing efficient and sustainable technologies for mitigating groundwater pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The antibiotics in groundwater raises alarming environmental concerns. As groundwater serves as a primary source of drinking water for nearly half the global population, the development of eco-friendly technologies for antibiotic-contaminated groundwater remediation becomes imperative. The innovative PAA/AC600 system demonstrates significant efficacy in degrading micropollutants, particularly sulfonamide antibiotics. By integrating degradation kinetics and adsorption mass transfer models, this study sheds light on the intricate mechanisms involved, emphasizing the potential of carbon materials as sustainable tools in the ongoing battle for clean and safe groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chaomeng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jixiang Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Yanping Duan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Rongbing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Luochao Wan
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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50
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Liu F, Zou Y, Liang H, Hu J, Li Y, Lin L, Li X, Li B. Trace Co(II) triggers peracetic acid activation in phosphate buffer: New insights into the oxidative species responsible for ciprofloxacin removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133638. [PMID: 38354441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) emerges as a promising disinfectant and oxidant applied worldwide, and its application has been broadened for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in wastewater treatment. Current studies on transition metal-activated AOPs utilized relatively high concentrations of catalysts, leading to potential secondary pollution concerns. This study boosts the understanding of reaction mechanism in PAA activation system under a low-level concentration. Herein, trace levels of Co(II) (1 μM) and practical dosages of PAA (50-250 μM) were employed, achieving noticeable ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation efficiencies (75.8-99.0%) within 20 min. Two orders of magnitude of the CIP's antibacterial activity significantly decreased after Co(II)/PAA AOP treatment, which suggested the effective ecological risk control capability of the reaction system. The degradation performed well in various water matrices and the primary reactive species is proposed to be CoHPO4-OO(O)CCH3 complexes with scavenging tests and electron paramagnetic resonance tests. The degradation pathway of fluoroquinolones including piperazine ring-opening (dealkylation and oxidation), defluorination, and decarboxylation, were systematically elucidated. This study boosts a comprehensive and novel understanding of PAA-based AOP for CIP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yubin Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hebin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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