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Luo L, Guo S, Shen D, Shentu J, Lu L, Qi S, Zhu M, Long Y. Characteristics and release potential of microplastics in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143163. [PMID: 39181456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Incineration is an effective method for reducing and safely treating municipal solid waste. However, microplastics (MPs) inevitably remain in the bottom ash, potentially introducing new pollution risks during subsequent treatment processes. This study conducted an analysis of the accumulation and release potential of MPs in bottom ash samples collected from 4 municipal solid waste incineration plants in Zhejiang, China. The results showed that the abundance of MPs ranged from 20 to 118 items g-1. Remarkably, MPs were found to accumulate predominantly in smaller bottom ash particles below 4.75 mm accounted for up to 70% of the total MPs. Most MPs in the bottom ash were under 100 μm in size, with a majority exceeding 50% being less than 50 μm, typically manifesting as shafts and fibers. In scenarios of secondary crushing, the abundance of MPs increased gradually with the degree of bottom ash crushing. When bottom ash was crushed to a particle size of less than 0.6 mm, the abundance of MPs reached up to 87-901 items g-1, which is 5-10 times higher than the original bottom ash. It is estimated that the annual release of MPs may reach up to 4.05 × 1016 particles. Re-incinerating thoroughly crushed bottom ash at 600 °C successfully decomposed the MPs. Mechanical stress can significantly increase the risk of MPs releasing in bottom ash. This risk can be eliminated by using secondary incineration to achieve complete MPs decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Shuli Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jiali Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Li Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Shengqi Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Li A, Lu T, Zhang Y, Deng S, Duan X, Qiu G. Mechanisms for synergistically enhancing cadmium remediation performance of biochar: Silicon activation and functional group effects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 404:130913. [PMID: 38821426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This work proposes an advanced biochar material (β-CD@SiBC) for controllable transformation of specific silicon (Si) forms through endogenous Si activation and functional group introduction for efficient cadmium (Cd) immobilization and removal. The maximum adsorption capacity of β-CD@SiBC for Cd(II) reached 137.6 mg g-1 with a remarkable removal efficiency of 99 % for 200 mg L-1Cd(II). Moreover, the developed β-CD@SiBC flow column exhibited excellent performance at the environmental Cd concentration, with the final concentration meeting the environmental standard for surface water quality (0.05 mg L-1). The remediation mechanism of β-CD@SiBC could be mainly attributed to mineral precipitation and ion exchange, which accounted for 42 % and 29 % of the remediation effect, respectively, while functional group introduction enhanced its binding stability with Cd. Overall, this work proposes the role and principle of transformation of Si forms within biochar, providing new strategies for better utilizing endogenous components in biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Tao Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yutong Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shengjun Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xianjie Duan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Guohong Qiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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Li F, Bai X, Ji Y, Kang M. Understanding microplastic aging driven by photosensitization of algal extracellular polymeric substances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133949. [PMID: 38452677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The aging of microplastics (MPs) is extremely influenced by photochemically-produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs), which are mediated by natural photosensitive substances. Algal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) can produce PPRIs when exposed to sunlight. Nonetheless, the specific role of EPS in the aging process of MPs remains unclear. This work systematically explored the aging process of polystyrene (PS) MPs in the EPS secreted by Chlorella vulgaris under simulated sunlight irradiation. The results revealed that the existence of EPS accelerated the degradation of PS MPs into particles with sizes less than 1 µm, while also facilitating the formation of hydroxy groups on the surface. The release rate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from PS MPs was elevated from 0.120 mg·L-1·day-1 to 0.577 mg·L-1·day-1. The primary factor contributing to the elevated levels of DOM was humic acid-like compounds generated through the breakdown of PS. EPS accelerated the aging process of PS MPs by primarily mediating the formation of triplet excited states (3EPS*), singlet oxygen (1O2), and superoxide radicals (O2∙-), resulting in indirect degradation. 3EPS* was found to have the most substantial impact. This study makes a significant contribution to advance understanding of the environmental fate of MPs in aquatic environments impacted by algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Yetong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Mengen Kang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Li X, Liu L, Zhang X, Yang X, Niu S, Zheng Z, Dong B, Hur J, Dai X. Aging and mitigation of microplastics during sewage sludge treatments: An overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171338. [PMID: 38428608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) receive large quantities of microplastics (MPs) from raw wastewater, but many MPs are trapped in the sludge. Land application of sludge is a significant source of MP pollution. Existing reviews have summarized the analysis methods of MPs in sludge and the effect of MPs on sludge treatments. However, MP aging and mitigation during sludge treatment processes are not fully reviewed. Treatment processes used to remove water, pathogenic microorganisms, and other pollutants in sewage sludge also cause surface changes and degradation in the sludge MPs, affecting the potential risk of MPs. This study integrates MP abundance and distribution in sludge and their aging and mitigation characteristics during sludge treatment processes. The abundance, composition, and distribution of sludge MPs vary significantly with WWTPs. Furthermore, MPs exhibit variable degrees of aging, including rough surfaces, enhanced adsorption potentials for pollutants, and increased leaching behavior. Various sludge treatment processes further intensify these aging characteristics. Some sludge treatments, such as hydrothermal treatment, have efficiently removed MPs from sewage sludge. It is crucial to understand the potential risk of MP aging in sludge and the degradation properties of the MP-derived products from MP degradation in-depth and develop novel MP mitigation strategies in sludge, such as combining hydrothermal treatment and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Lulu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - XingFeng Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Shiyu Niu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, He R, Zhao J, Wang J, Yu T, Zhang X, Bildyukevich AV. Effects of excess sludge composting process, environmentally persistent free radicals, and microplastics on antibiotics degradation efficiency of aging biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130070. [PMID: 37984667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Simulation of microbial aging biochar in compost is an important index for evaluating the biochar degradation efficiency of antibiotics. In this study, biochar was prepared by adding microplastics (MPs) to sludge, and the degradation effect of biochar/(peroxymonosulfate, PMS) on antibiotics was evaluated during the compost aging process of biochar. After the compost aging of biochars, the antibiotic degradation efficiency of HPBC500, HPBC500 + polystyrene (PS), HPBC900/PMS, and HPBC900 + PS/PMS decreased by 6.47, 15.2, 10.16, and 10.33 %, respectively. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and defect structure were the main contributors to the activation of PMS. EPFRs produced through PS pyrolysis of biochar exhibited strong reactivity but poor stability during the degradation of antibiotics. Biochar enhanced the growth of microorganisms in compost but reduced its specific surface area. The antibiotic degradation efficiency of the biochar was positively correlated with the concentration of EPFRs. This study elucidated the durability of different biochar toward antibiotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Yutai Sun
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Rui He
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Jiqin Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Tonghuan Yu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Xiaozhuan Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Alexandr V Bildyukevich
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganov str. 13, 220072 Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
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Xu Z, Zhai X, Bai X. Amplifiers of environmental risk of microplastics in sewage sludge: Thermal drying treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167029. [PMID: 37704158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge was already identified as an important source of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Therefore, investigating the effects of sludge treatment processes on sludge-based MPs is essential for understanding the environmental risks and controlling their release. This study investigated the occurrence characteristics and elucidated the fragmentation mechanism of sludge-based MPs before and after the thermal drying treatment of sludge. The results showed that this treatment increased the abundance of sludge-based MPs by about 10-fold, with enhanced fragmentation and fracture parameters, and increased the abundance of <100 μm MPs to >60 %. Remarkably, both polypropylene-microplastics (PP-MPs) and polyethylene terephthalate-microplastics (PET-MPs) did not show significant chemical aging. The structural analysis showed that the molecular chain disorientation and secondary crystallization of PP-MPs and PET-MPs occurred. These transformations caused the contraction of the polymer molecular chains and the generation of micro-mechanical stresses, leading to the formation of warpage structures and stress cracking on the MPs' surface. These phenomena also contributed to the further fragmentation of the MPs and the development of finer MPs particles. The findings of the present investigations emphasize that the thermal drying of sewage sludge amplifies the environmental risk of sludge-based MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Zhao H, Lu Z, Ren X, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Synergistic effects of biochar derived from different sources on greenhouse gas emissions and microplastics mitigation during sewage sludge composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129556. [PMID: 37517712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar derived from different sources (wheat straw, sawdust and pig manure) on greenhouse gas and microplastics (MPs) mitigation during sewage sludge composting. Compared to the control, all biochar significantly reduced the N2O by 28.91-41.23%, while having no apparent effect on CH4. Sawdust biochar and pig manure biochar significantly reduced the NH3 by 12.53-23.53%. Adding biochar decreased the global warming potential during composting, especially pig manure biochar (177.48 g/kg CO2-eq.). The concentration of MPs significantly increased in the control (43736.86 particles/kg) compared to the initial mixtures, while the addition of biochar promoted the oxidation and degradation of MPs (15896.06-23225.11 particles/kg), with sawdust biochar and manure biochar were more effective. Additionally, biochar significantly reduced the abundance of small-sized (10-100 μm) MPs compared to the control. Moreover, biochar might regulate specific microbes (e.g., Thermobifida, Bacillus and Ureibacillus) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and MPs degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zonghui Lu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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Qiu Y, Zhang T, Zhang P. Fate and environmental behaviors of microplastics through the lens of free radical. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131401. [PMID: 37086675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), as plastics with a size of less than 5 mm, are ubiquitously present in the environment and become an increasing environmental concern. The fate and environmental behavior of MPs are significantly influenced by the presence of free radicals. Free radicals can cause surface breakage, chemical release, change in crystallinity and hydrophilicity, and aggregation of MPs. On the other hand, the generation of free radicals with a high concentration and oxidation potential can effectively degrade MPs. There is a limited review article to bridge the fate and environmental behaviors of MP with free radicals and their reactions. This paper reviews the sources, types, detection methods, generation mechanisms, and influencing factors of free radicals affecting the environmental processes of MPs, the environmental effects of MPs controlled by free radicals, and the degradation strategies of MPs based on free radical-associated technologies. Moreover, this review elaborates on the limitations of the current research and provides ideas for future research on the interactions between MPs and free radicals to better explain their environmental impacts and control their risks. This article aims to keep the reader abreast of the latest development in the fate and environmental behaviors of MP with free radicals and their reactions and to bridge free radical chemistry with MP control methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
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Qiu B, Liu M, Qu X, Zhang B, Xie H, Wang D, Lee LYS, Yin H. Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Waste Benzene-Containing Plastics: Synergetic Thermal Reduction and Benzene Decomposition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7599-7611. [PMID: 37140343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and benzene-containing polymers (BCPs) are two major pollutants that cause serious environmental burdens. Herein, spent LIBs and BCPs are copyrolyzed in a sealed reactor to generate Li2CO3, metals, and/or metal oxides without emitting toxic benzene-based gases. The use of a closed reactor allows the sufficient reduction reaction between the BCP-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) gases and lithium transition metal oxides, achieving the Li recovery efficiencies of 98.3, 99.9, and 97.5% for LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2, respectively. More importantly, the thermal decomposition of PAHs (e.g., phenol and benzene) is further catalyzed by the in situ generated Co, Ni, and MnO2 particles, which forms metal/carbon composites and thus prevent the emissions of toxic gases. Overall, the copyrolysis in a closed system paves a green way to synergistically recycle spent LIBs and handle waste BCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral of Ministry of Education, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Qu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Beilei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral of Ministry of Education, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral of Ministry of Education, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Dihua Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lawrence Yoon Suk Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huayi Yin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral of Ministry of Education, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
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10
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Wang H, Duan R, Ding L, Tian L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Xu R. Magnetic hydrochar derived from waste lignin for thallium removal from wastewater: Performance and mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128736. [PMID: 36791975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Waste lignin, such as black liquor (BL) from paper and pulping industries, is an agro-industrial biowaste while its reuse raised global concerns. In this work, a hydrothermal carbonization procedure was employed to convert BL into magnetic lignin-based hydrochar (MLHC) for thallium elimination from wastewater. The results exhibited water purification potential due to a wider working pH window (2-9) with the magnetization intensity of 11.12 emu/g. The maximum adsorption capacity for Tl(III) was 278.9 mg/g, while the contribution of various mechanisms was elucidated with the order: surface precipitation (31.3 %), complexation (20.6 %), physical adsorption (18.2 %), chemical reduction (15.0 %), and ion exchange (14.9 %). This study revealed that hydrothermal treatment could be a potential and promising method to convert waste lignin into magnetic bio-adsorbent to recycle pulping black liquor and apply it for thallium pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Wang
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ran Duan
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Lin Ding
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Pollutant Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Lin Tian
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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