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Mortazavi M, Garg S, Waite TD. Kinetic modelling assisted balancing of organic pollutant removal and bromate formation during peroxone treatment of bromide-containing waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133736. [PMID: 38377900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The peroxone process (O3/H2O2) is reported to be a more effective process than the ozonation process due to an increased rate of generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and inhibition of bromate (BrO3-) formation which is otherwise formed on ozonation of bromide containing waters. However, the trade-off between the H2O2 dosage required for minimization of BrO3- formation and effective pollutant removal has not been clearly delineated. In this study, employing experimental investigations as well as chemical modelling, we show that the concentration of H2O2 required to achieve maximum pollutant removal may not be the same as that required for minimization of BrO3- formation. At the H2O2 dosage required to minimize BrO3- formation (<10 µg/L), only pollutants with high to moderate reactivity towards O3 and •OH are effectively removed. For pollutants with low reactivity towards O3/•OH, high O3 (O3:DOC>>1 g/g) and high H2O2 dosages (O3:H2O2 ∼1 (g/g)) are required for minimizing BrO3- formation along with effective pollutant removal which may result in a very high residual of H2O2 in the effluent, causing secondary pollution. On balance, we conclude that the peroxone process is not effective for the removal of low reactivity micropollutants if minimization of BrO3- formation is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mortazavi
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shikha Garg
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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2
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Cao C, Ding ZH, Huang J, Yan CN. Comprehensive response of microbes to Ag and Ag 2S nanoparticles and silver spatial distribution in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167683. [PMID: 37820808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated functional bacteria, key enzymes, and nitrogen metabolism in vertical flow constructed wetlands (CWs) after exposing to silver, silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag NPs and Ag2S NPs), and silver iron (Ag+), and silver spatial distribution in CWs for 155 days. Ag NPs and Ag2S NPs affected species richness and diversity whereas Ag+ showed the higher the species diversity indices. Sequencing analysis exhibited that Ag NPs or Ag+ significantly inhibited nitrogen metabolic process by hindering the relative activity of functional enzymes, downregulating relative abundances of nrfA, norB and napA for Ag NPs, nxrA gene for Ag+, while Ag2S NPs inhibited relative abundance of nirA. The above results confirmed that NPs or Ag+ significantly reduced nitrogen removal and Ag NPs mainly inhibited NO3--N removal while Ag+ significantly suppressed NH4+-N removal. This study also found that CWs could effectively remove NPs or Ag+ (about 98 %), and nanoparticles showed higher translocation factors (TFs) values (0.81-1.15 or 0.36), indicating nanoparticles transported easily through substrate layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cao
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zi Heng Ding
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Chun Ni Yan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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3
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Yang Y, Zhang N, You Q, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Novel insights into the multistep chlorination of silver nanoparticles in aquatic environments. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120111. [PMID: 37263118 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing applications, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are inevitably released into the environments and are subjected to various transformations. Chloride ion (Cl-) is a common and abundant anion with a wide range of concentration in aquatic environments and exhibits a strong affinity for silver. The results indicate that AgNPs experienced multistep chlorination, which was dependent on the concentration of Cl- in a non-linear manner. The dissolution of AgNPs was accelerated at Cl/Ag ratio of 1 and the intensive etching effect of Cl- contributed to the significant morphology changes of AgNPs. The dissolved Ag+ quickly precipitated with Cl- to form an amorphous and passivating AgCl(s) layer on the surface of AgNPs, thus the dissolution rate of AgNPs decreased at higher Cl/Ag ratios (100 and 1000). As the Cl/Ag ratio further increased to 10,000, the overall transformation rate increased remarkably due to the complexation of Cl- with AgCl(s) to form soluble AgClx(x-1)- species, which was verified by the reaction of AgCl nanoparticles with Cl-. Besides, several environmental factors (electrolytes, surfactants and natural organic matter) affected AgNPs dissolution and the following chlorination. These results will expand the understanding of the environmental fate and potential risks of AgNPs in natural chloride-rich waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qi You
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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4
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Mortazavi M, Garg S, Waite TD. Kinetic Modeling-Assisted Optimization of the Peroxone (O 3/H 2O 2) Water Treatment Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mortazavi
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shikha Garg
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - T. David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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5
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Kong Y, Sun H, Zhang S, Zhao B, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Li H. Oxidation process of lead sulfide nanoparticle in the atmosphere or natural water and influence on toxicity toward Chlorella vulgaris. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126016. [PMID: 33992015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead sulfide nanoparticle (nano-PbS) released into environment can cause hazards to human or ecosystem. Nano-PbS potentially undergoes oxidation in the environment, but oxidation mechanism is not understood yet. Herein, oxidation kinetics and products of nano-PbS by ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (HO·) in the atmosphere or natural water were investigated. Results show that oxidation process of nano-PbS can be divided into three stages, producing sulfate, ions and oxides of lead in sequence. O3 or HO·leads to faster release of ionic lead from nano-PbS in the initial stage than H2O2, but causes significant decrease of ionic lead by transforming divalent lead to tetravalent lead oxides in the second or third stage. Toxicity determined taking Chlorella Vulgaris as an example follows an order of PbO2 < Pb3O4 < nano-PbS < PbO < PbSO4. Toxicity of lead particles is mainly determined by sizes influencing cellular uptake and solubility product constant (Ksp) related with dissolution of lead in cells. The results indicate that the toxicity of nano-PbS increases in an initial oxidation stage and decreases in further oxidation stages. This study provides new insights into environmental behavior of nano-PbS and mechanism understandings for assessing ecological risks of nano-PbS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China 31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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6
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Cao C, Huang J, Yan CN, Zhang XX, Ma YX. Impacts of Ag and Ag 2S nanoparticles on the nitrogen removal within vertical flow constructed wetlands treating secondary effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:145171. [PMID: 33676207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of silver (Ag NPs) and sliver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S NPs) on nitrogen removal and nitrogen functional microbes in constructed wetlands were investigated. The obtained results demonstrated that inhibition extent on nitrogen removal relied on NPs types and high concentrations NPs showed higher negative effects. 0.5 mg/L Ag NPs had no influence on NH4+-N removal, amoA and nxrA gene copies, whereas Ag2S NPs and Ag+ decreased NH4+-N removal by reducing abundances of nitrifying genes. The concentrations of NO3--N and TN in all 0.5 mg/L obviously increased compared with control, resulting from decreasing functional genes and denitrifying bacteria. And 0.5 mg/L Ag NPs exhibited largest inhibitory effects, with the highest NO3--N effluent concentrations. 2 mg/L Ag NPs decreased NH4+-N removal, but adverse effects gradually vanished with extension of time, whereas both Ag2S NPs and Ag+ at 2 mg/L influenced NH4+-N transformation and decreased the abundance of amoA and nxrA genes and the AOB Nitrosomonas in CWs. Moreover, 2 mg/L of Ag NPs reduced NO3--N removal by decreasing abundance of nirS and key denitrifying bacteria. To sum up, the inhibition mechanisms concluded from current results were possibly in that Ag NPs exhibited nanotoxicity rather than ionic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cao
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Chun-Ni Yan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Ma
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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7
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Singh A, Hou WC, Lin TF. Combined impact of silver nanoparticles and chlorine on the cell integrity and toxin release of Microcystis aeruginosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129825. [PMID: 35534960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown to be toxic to freshwater cyanobacterial species, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a common oxidant for the treatment of cyanobacterial cells. AgNPs have a high possibility of co-existing with the cyanobacterial cells in the aqueous environments leading to its exposure to NaOCl during water treatment; however, their combined effects on the cyanobacterial cells are largely undocumented. This work compares the individual and combined effect of AgNP and NaOCl on the integrity and toxin (microcystins) release of Microcystis aeruginosa at varying levels. The results show that the AgNP (0.2-0.6 mg/L) alone has negligible effects on the cell lysis, while NaOCl alone shows concentration-dependent (0.2 < 0.4 < 0.6 mg/L) rupturing of cells. In contrast, the AgNP + NaOCl (0.2-0.6 mg/L) samples show increasing loss in cell integrity at higher AgNP (0.4 and 0.6 mg/L) levels than the NaOCl only samples. NaOCl exposure results in increasing dissolution of AgNPs with time, releasing silver ions (Ag+), affecting its size and morphology. The cell-associated total Ag declines over time with an increase in NaOCl levels, maybe due to increasing cell-lysis or NaOCl induced oxidative dissolution of AgNPs. The cell-associated total Ag and released Ag+ possibly weaken the cellular membrane, thus assisting NaOCl in faster cell-lysis. The combined exposure of AgNP and NaOCl also results in a higher release of toxin from the cells. This work collectively reveals that the AgNPs combined with NaOCl can enhance the cell lysis and release of toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Che Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsair-Fuh Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan, ROC.
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8
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Hao Z, Li F, Liu R, Zhou X, Mu Y, Sharma VK, Liu J, Jiang G. Reduction of Ionic Silver by Sulfur Dioxide as a Source of Silver Nanoparticles in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5569-5578. [PMID: 33683864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The natural formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via biotic and abiotic pathways in water and soil media contributes to the biogeochemical cycle of silver metal in the environment. However, the formation of AgNPs in the atmosphere has not been reported. Here, we describe a previously unreported source of AgNPs via the reduction of Ag(I) by SO2 in the atmosphere, especially in moist environments, using multipronged advanced analytical and surface techniques. The rapid reduction of Ag(I) in the atmospheric aqueous phase was mainly caused by the sulfite ions formed from the dissolution of SO2 in water, which contributed to the formation of AgNPs and was consistent with the Finke-Watzky model with a major contribution of the reduction-nucleation process. Sunlight irradiation excited SO2 to form triplet SO2, which reacted with water to form H2SO3 and greatly enhanced Ag(I) reduction and AgNP formation. Different pH values affected the speciation of Ag(I) and S(IV), which were jointly involved in the reduction of Ag(I). The formation of AgNPs was also observed in the atmospheric gas phase via direct reduction of Ag(I) by SO2(gas), which occurred even in 50 ppbv SO2(gas). The natural occurrence of AgNPs in the atmosphere may also be involved in silver corrosion, AgNP transformation and regeneration, detoxification of gaseous pollutants, and the sulfur cycle in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fasong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui 246011, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Road, 1266 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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9
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Huang D, Chen N, Zhu C, Fang G, Zhou D. The overlooked oxidative dissolution of silver sulfide nanoparticles by thermal activation of persulfate: Processes, mechanisms, and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:144504. [PMID: 33360171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The widely occurring silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs) are regarded as stable Ag species in subsurface environments, where are often disturbed by human activities, such as the application of advanced oxidation technologies (e.g. persulfate based in situ chemical oxidation (PS-ISCO)) in the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. However, stability of Ag2S-NPs was rarely investigated referring to these processes. Here, we systematically investigated the dissolution process of Ag2S-NPs in thermal activation of PS system. Results showed that dissolution of Ag2S-NPs fitted the pseudo-first-order kinetics and the kobs increased from 0.017 h-1 to 0.249 h-1 with increasing PS concentration from 2 mM to 10 mM (36 h, 40 °C). Quenching experiments and EPR results showed that sulfate radical (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) were the dominant oxidants in inducing the oxidative dissolution of Ag2S-NPs. XPS analysis showed that surface-bound S2- in Ag2S-NPs was oxidized and transformed into aqueous sulfur species. The released Ag+ may also act as effective catalysts to activate PS and therefore promote the oxidation process. These findings suggest that stability of Ag2S-NPs should be reevaluated to better understand its risk to the ecological system in the subsurface environment where ISCO was widely applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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10
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Spurgeon DJ, Lahive E, Schultz CL. Nanomaterial Transformations in the Environment: Effects of Changing Exposure Forms on Bioaccumulation and Toxicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000618. [PMID: 32402152 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the environment, nanomaterials (NMs) are subject to chemical transformations, such as redox reactions, dissolution, coating degradation, and organic matter, protein, and macromolecule binding, and physical transformations including homo or heteroagglomeration. The combination of these reactions can result in NMs with differing characteristics progressing through a functional fate pathway that leads to the formation of transformed NM functional fate groups with shared properties. To establish the nature of such effects of transformation on NMs, four main types of studies are conducted: 1) chemical aging for transformation of pristine NMs; 2) manipulation of test media to change NM surface properties; 3) aging of pristine NMs water, sediment, or soil; 4) NM aging in waste streams and natural environments. From these studies a paradigm of aging effects on NM uptake and toxicity can be developed. Transformation, especially speciation changes, largely results in reduced potency. Further reactions at the surface resulting in processes, such as ecocorona formation and heteroagglomeration may additionally reduce NM potency. When NMs of differing potency transform and enter environments, common transformation reaction occurring in receiving system may act to reduce the variation in hazard between different initial NMs leading to similar actual hazard under realistic exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Elma Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Carolin L Schultz
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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11
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Huang Y, Liu C, Cui P, Dang F, Li M, Xing B, Zhou D. Copper(I) Promotes Silver Sulfide Dissolution and Increases Silver Phytoavailability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5589-5597. [PMID: 32275397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal sulfides, including acanthite (Ag2S), are persistent in the environment. In colloidal form, however, they can serve as a "Trojan horse", facilitating the mobility of trace metal contaminants. The natural processes that lead to the in situ dissolution of colloidal metal sulfides in soil are largely unknown. In this study, the dissolution of colloidal Ag2S in topsoil and Ag phytoavailability to wheat were examined in Ag2S-Cu(II)-thiosulfate systems. Cu(II) and thiosulfate strongly increased silver release (up to 83% of total Ag) from Ag2S in the dark. Electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy identified Cu(I) as the driving force of Ag2S dissolution. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrated the ability of Cu(I) to substitute for surface Ag on Ag2S in an energetically favorable manner. However, excess Cu(II) could enhance the formation of precipitates containing Cu(I), Ag, and S. Our results indicate that at ambient temperature and in the dark, Cu(I) can promote the dissolution of Ag2S and act as a precipitating agent. These findings reveal previously unrecognized biogeochemical processes of colloidal Ag2S and their importance in determining the fate of metal sulfides in the environment and probably also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peixin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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12
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Li M, Greenfield BK, Nunes LM, Dang F, Liu HL, Zhou DM, Yin B. High retention of silver sulfide nanoparticles in natural soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 378:120735. [PMID: 31203124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silver, either in ionic or nanoparticulate form, is widely used in consumer products. However, silver sulfide (Ag2S) are more likely to be the form that Ag enters the environment. The retention of silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs) in natural soils is critical for bioavailability and toxicity but remains unclear. Here, we examined the retention of Ag2S-NPs in 11 natural soils with varying properties using batch assays. More than 99% of Ag2S-NPs were retained in soil solids, irrespective of soil properties. Such high retention of Ag2S-NPs, at least partially, explained the distinct differences in phytoavailability performed in soil vs. liquid media in the literature. Nanoparticles containing Ag and S were identified in representative soil solids by high resolution transmission electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Iron-rich acidic soil had a high dissolution of Ag2S-NPs ranging from 47.1% to 61.7% in porewater. In contrast to Ag2S-NPs, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Ag+ in these soils were less retained (as described by Freundlich model) and the retention was closely associated with soil properties. These findings highlight the unique behaviors of Ag2S-NPs in natural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ben K Greenfield
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Luis M Nunes
- University of Algarve, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability Center, Faro, Portugal
| | - Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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13
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Khaksar M, Vasileiadis S, Sekine R, Brunetti G, Scheckel KG, Vasilev K, Lombi E, Donner E. Chemical characterisation, antibacterial activity, and (nano)silver transformation of commercial personal care products exposed to household greywater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:3027-3028. [PMID: 32021691 PMCID: PMC6997944 DOI: 10.1039/c9en00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the original speciation of silver (Ag) in eight different commercially available personal care products and investigate the chemical transformation of Ag during exposure to two types of synthetic greywater. The antimicrobial activity of the products was examined to determine the relationship between Ag content and speciation with the antibacterial functionality of the products. The Ag content of each product was quantified and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis was used to investigate the initial speciation in the products and the changes occurring upon mixture with greywater. The results showed that the total Ag concentration in the products ranged from 17 to 30 mg kg-1, and was usually below the value reported on the label. Analyses revealed the complexity of Ag speciation in these products and highlighted the importance of characterisation studies to help elucidate the potential risks of nano-Ag in the environment. The antibacterial results confirmed that the antibacterial efficacy of the products depends on the concentration, form and speciation of Ag in the products, but is also significantly affected by product formulation. For instance, many of the products contained additional bactericidal ingredients, making it difficult to determine how much of the bactericidal effect was due directly to the Ag content/species. This paper offers some suggestions for standard methodologies to facilitate cross-comparison of potential risks across different studies and nano-enabled products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khaksar
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Sotirios Vasileiadis
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Ryo Sekine
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Gianluca Brunetti
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Kirk G Scheckel
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 5995 Centre Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Building J, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Erica Donner
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia
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14
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Yang W, Wu T. Investigation of Matrix Effects in Laboratory Studies of Catalytic Ozonation Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
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15
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Shi E, Xu Z, Zhang X, Yang X, Liu Q, Zhang H, Wimmer A, Li L. Re-evaluation of stability and toxicity of silver sulfide nanoparticle in environmental water: Oxidative dissolution by manganese oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1242-1251. [PMID: 30267921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stability of silver sulfide nanoparticle (Ag2S-NP) in the environment has recently drawn considerable attention since it is associated with environmental risk. Although the overestimated stability of Ag2S-NP in aqueous solution has already been recognized, studies on transformation of Ag2S-NP in environmental water are still very scarce. Here we reported that Ag2S-NP could undergo dissolution by manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2), an important naturally occurring oxidant in the environment, even in environmental water, although the dissolved silver would probably be adsorbed onto the particles (>0.45 μm) in environmental water, mitigating the measurable levels of dissolved silver. The extent and rate of Ag2S-NP dissolution rose with the increasing concentration of MnO2. In addition, environmental factors including natural organic matter, inorganic salts and organic acids could accelerate the Ag2S-NP dissolution by MnO2, wherein an increase in dissolution extent was also observed. We further documented that Ag2S-NP dissolution by MnO2 was highly dependent on O2 and it was an oxidative dissolution, with the production of SO42-. Finally, dissolution of Ag2S-NP by MnO2 affected zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo viability, showing significant reduction in embryo survival and hatching rates, compared to embryos exposed to Ag2S-NP, MnO2 or dissolved manganese alone. These findings would further shed light on the stability of Ag2S-NP in the natural environment - essential for comprehensive nano risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Andreas Wimmer
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Lingxiangyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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16
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Adam V, Caballero-Guzman A, Nowack B. Considering the forms of released engineered nanomaterials in probabilistic material flow analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:17-27. [PMID: 30170204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most existing models for assessing the releases of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into the environment are based on the assumption that ENMs remain in their pristine forms during their whole life cycle. It is known, however, that this is not always the case as ENMs are often embedded into solid matrices during manufacturing and can undergo physical or chemical transformations during their life cycle, e.g. upon release to wastewater. In this work, we present a method for systematically assessing the forms in which nano-Ag and nano-TiO2 flow through their life cycle (i.e. production, manufacturing, use and disposal) to their points of release to air, soil and surface water. Input data on the forms of released ENMs were probability distributions based on peer-reviewed literature. Release data were incorporated into a probabilistic material flow analysis model to quantify the proportions of ENMs in product-embedded, matrix-embedded, pristine, transformed and dissolved forms in all technical and environmental compartments into which they flow, at the European scale. Releases of nano-Ag to surface water and soil were modelled to occur primarily in transformed forms (Q25 and Q75 of 34-58% and 78-86%, respectively, with means of 53% and 82%), while releases to air were mostly in pristine and matrix-embedded forms (38-46% and 36-44%, respectively, with means of 42% and 40%). In contrast, nano-TiO2 releases to air, soil and water were estimated to be predominantly in pristine form (75-85%, 90-95%, 96-98%, respectively, with means of 80%, 91% and 97%). The distributions of ENM releases between forms developed here will improve the representativeness and appropriateness of input data for environmental fate modelling and risk assessment of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Adam
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Caballero-Guzman
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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17
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Liu Y, Yang T, Wang L, Huang Z, Li J, Cheng H, Jiang J, Pang S, Qi J, Ma J. Interpreting the effects of natural organic matter on antimicrobial activity of Ag 2S nanoparticles with soft particle theory. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 145:12-20. [PMID: 30118974 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) ubiquitously exists in natural waters and would adsorb onto the particle surface. Previous studies showed that NOM would alleviate the toxicity of nanomaterials, while the mechanism is seldom quantitatively interpreted. Herein, the effects of humic substances [Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA)] and biomacromolecules [alginate and bovine serum albumin (BSA)] on the aggregation and antimicrobial effects of silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs) were investigated. The aggregation kinetics of Ag2S-NPs in electrolyte solutions were in agreement with the results based on Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) results showed that the SRFA, SRHA, alginate and BSA molecules coated on the Ag2S-NPs surfaces. The NOM coating layer prevented salt-induced coagulation of Ag2S-NPs, and the effects of BSA and SRHA on Ag2S-NPs stabilizing were more obvious than that of SRFA and alginate. Flow cytometry analysis results suggested that BSA and SRHA were more effective on alleviating the Ag2S-NPs induced cell (Escherichia coli) membrane damage than SRFA and alginate. After interpreting the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) data of the NOM coated Ag2S-NPs by Ohshima's soft particle theory, it was found that the thickness of the NOM coating layers followed the orders of BSA > SRHA > alginate > SRFA. The E.coli cell membrane damage level was negatively correlated with the thickness and softness of the coating layer. NOM coating may physically alleviate the contact between NPs and E. coli cells and thus attenuate the extent of cell membrane damage caused by the NP-cell interaction. This work provides a new perspective for quantitatively interpreting the influence of NOM on the environmental behaviors and risks of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Zhuangsong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Haijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Suyan Pang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jingyao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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18
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Rong H, Garg S, Waite TD. Transformation of AgCl Particles under Conditions Typical of Natural Waters: Implications for Oxidant Generation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11621-11631. [PMID: 30227709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used in consumer products are ultimately released to the environment either as Ag(0), silver sulfide (Ag2S(s)), silver chloride (AgCl(s)), and/or dissolved Ag(I) complexes. Of these, AgCl(s) and Ag2S(s) exhibit semiconducting properties and hence may have significant implications to oxidant generation and subsequent redox transformations in natural waters. In this work, we investigate the transformation and photoreactivity of AgCl(s) under simulated natural water conditions with the photoreactivity probed by measuring the oxidation of formate (HCOO-), a simple compound with a well-defined oxidation pathway. Our results show that AgCl(s) undergoes rapid dissolution in the presence of chloride concentrations representative of seawater (ca. 0.5 M NaCl) forming dissolved Ag(I) complexes but is stable in fresh waters and slightly brackish waters (≤200 mM NaCl). We further show that under these lower salinity conditions in which AgCl(s) is stable, pH has a significant impact on the reactivity of semiconducting AgCl(s). The photoreactivity (measured as initial HCOO- oxidation rate) of AgCl(s) is relatively constant at pH 4.0 for periods of 24 h or more; however, it decreases rapidly under alkaline conditions. The rapid transformation (or "aging") of AgCl(s) under alkaline conditions suggests that AgCl(s), potentially transported through wastewater effluent to fresh or brackish water environments, may not have a significant impact in such environments. In comparison, in situ formed AgCl(s), potentially formed as a result of the oxidation of high concentrations (≥60 μg Ag·L-1) of Ag(0) and/or Ag2S(s), may have significant implications to oxidant generation in natural waters. Our results further show that rapid cycling of Ag between the 0 and +I redox states in sunlit surface waters as a result of the presence of AgNP oxidants (such as H2O2 and organic radicals) will further enhance the rate and extent of oxidant generation by AgCl(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Rong
- UNSW Water Research Center, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Shikha Garg
- UNSW Water Research Center, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Center, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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19
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Georgantzopoulou A, Almeida Carvalho P, Vogelsang C, Tilahun M, Ndungu K, Booth AM, Thomas KV, Macken A. Ecotoxicological Effects of Transformed Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Effluent from a Lab-Scale Wastewater Treatment System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9431-9441. [PMID: 30048126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a lab-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), simulating biological treatment, received 10 μg/L Ag and 100 μg/L TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) for 5 weeks. NP partitioning was evaluated by size fractionation (>0.7 μm, 0.1-0.7 μm, 3 kDa-0.1 μm, < 3 kDa) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), single particle ICP-MS and transmission electron microscopy. The ecotoxicological effects of the transformed NPs in the effluent were assessed using a battery of marine and freshwater bioassays (algae and crustaceans) and an in vitro gill cell line model (RTgill-W1). TiO2 aggregates were detected in the effluent, whereas Ag NPs (0.1-0.22 μg/L) were associated with S, Cu, Zn. Fractionation showed that >80% of Ag and Ti were associated with the effluent solids. Increased toxicity was observed during weeks 2-3 and the effects were species-dependent; with marine epibenthic copepods and algae being the most sensitive. Increased reactive oxygen species formation was observed in vitro followed by an increase in epithelial permeability. The effluent affected the gill epithelium integrity in vitro and impacted defense pathways (upregulation of multixenobiotic resistance genes). To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine a lab-scale activated sludge WWTP with extensive characterization techniques and ecotoxicological assays to study the effects of transformed NPs in the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Vogelsang
- NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21 , 0349 , Oslo , Norway
| | - Mengstab Tilahun
- NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21 , 0349 , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kuria Ndungu
- NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21 , 0349 , Oslo , Norway
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Ocean, Brattørkaia 17C , 7010 , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21 , 0349 , Oslo , Norway
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , University of Queensland , 20 Cornwall Street , Woolloongabba , Queensland 4102 Australia
| | - Ailbhe Macken
- NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21 , 0349 , Oslo , Norway
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20
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Alivio TEG, Fleer NA, Singh J, Nadadur G, Feng M, Banerjee S, Sharma VK. Stabilization of Ag-Au Bimetallic Nanocrystals in Aquatic Environments Mediated by Dissolved Organic Matter: A Mechanistic Perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7269-7278. [PMID: 29864275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gold and silver nanoparticles can be stabilized endogenously within aquatic environments from dissolved ionic species as a result of mineralization induced by dissolved organic matter. However, the ability of fulvic and humic acids to stabilize bimetallic nanoparticles is entirely unexplored. Elucidating the formation of such particles is imperative given their potential ecological toxicity. Herein, we demonstrate the nucleation, growth, and stabilization of bimetallic Ag-Au nanocrystals from the interactions of Ag+ and Au3+ with Suwannee River fulvic and humic acids. The mechanisms underpinning the stabilization of Ag-Au alloy NPs at different pH (6.0-9.0) values are studied by UV-vis spectrophotometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Complexation of free Ag+ and Au3+ ions with the Lewis basic groups (carbonyls, carboxyls, and thiols) of FA and HA, followed by electron-transfer from redox-active moieties present in dissolved organic matter initiates the nucleation of the NPs. Alloy formation and interdiffusion of Au and Ag atoms are further facilitated by a galvanic replacement reaction between AuCl4- and Ag. Charge-transfer from Au to Ag stabilizes the formed bimetallic NPs. A more pronounced agglomeration of the Ag-Au NPs is observed when HA is used compared to FA as the reducing agent. The bimetallic NPs are stable for greater than four months, which suggests the possible persistence and dispersion of these materials in aquatic environments. The mechanistic ideas have broad generalizability to reductive mineralization processes mediated by dissolved organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore E G Alivio
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77842-3012 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3003 , United States
| | - Nathan A Fleer
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77842-3012 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3003 , United States
| | - Jashanpreet Singh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-8371 , United States
| | - Govind Nadadur
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-8371 , United States
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-8371 , United States
| | - Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77842-3012 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3003 , United States
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-8371 , United States
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21
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Thalmann B, von Gunten U, Kaegi R. Ozonation of municipal wastewater effluent containing metal sulfides and metal complexes: Kinetics and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 134:170-180. [PMID: 29426034 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation can be applied to mitigate the discharge of organic micropollutants from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to the aquatic environment. The toxicity of metals also present in WWTP effluents strongly depends on their speciation. Therefore, knowledge on the change of the metal speciation during ozonation of a WWTP effluent is essential to assess possible negative impacts. The kinetics and the stoichiometries of the reactions of ozone with three metal sulfides (ZnS, CuS and CdS) and metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)/nitriloriacetic acid (NTA) complexes of Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Mg(II) and Pb(II) were investigated. With a stoichiometric factor of 2.6-3.9 moles of ozone per mole of sulfide and apparent second-order rate constants at pH 8 > 104 M-1 s-1, a complete oxidation of the sulfides and a concomitant release of the respective metals is expected during ozonation of a WWTP effluent for enhanced micropollutant abatement. The apparent second-order rate constants at pH 8 for the reactions of metal-EDTA complexes with ozone ranged from 42 M-1s-1 to 2.0 × 104 M-1s-1 and increased in the order Cd(II) < Cu(II) < Mg(II) < Ni(II) < Zn(II). Approximately 40% of Cd(II)-EDTA spiked to a WWTP effluent was oxidized at typical specific ozone doses of 0.5-0.7 gO3/gDOC. For the other metal-EDTA complexes a significantly higher fraction was oxidized. The bioavailable fraction determined by the diffusive-gradient thin films (DGT) method in the WWTP effluent increased during ozonation, due to the oxidative release of the metal ions. Algal toxicity (chlamynomodas reinhardtii) tests with CuS/CdS spiked WWTP effluent revealed a high tolerance toward Cu and Cd in the respective media. A toxic response was only observed at Cu concentrations above 10 μM, which is above typical WWTP effluent concentrations. Biological post-treatment after ozonation generally reduced the bioavailability of the metals, which resulted in a lower toxicity. Therefore, the biological post-treatment serves as an additional barrier to protect the downstream ecology of receiving waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilius Thalmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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22
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Qin J, Sui M, Yuan B, Wang J, Yuan Z, Xu G. The decay of silver nanoparticles in preoxidation process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1618-1627. [PMID: 29103649 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the fate of metal-based nanoparticles in water oxidation treatment processes, the decay of Ag-NPs in the presence of three kinds of water treatment preoxidants, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4), was investigated in this work. Dissolution of Ag-NPs into silver ions (Ag+) was found to occur under exposure to NaClO, H2O2 and KMnO4. The morphology of Ag-NPs changed after reacting with NaClO, H2O2 and KMnO4. Factors affecting the decay of Ag-NPs, i.e., the dosage of oxidants, pH, the presence of humic acid, typical ions in water, and the size of the nanoparticles, were investigated. A higher dosage of oxidants, the presence of calcium ions, and lower size of Ag-NPs promoted the decay of Ag-NPs. The presence of humic acid and sulfide ions inhibited the decay of Ag-NPs. The decay of Ag-NPs under exposure to oxidants was significantly affected by the pH. The mechanism of the Ag-NPs in the presence of oxidants under different environmental conditions is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Minghao Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Bojie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Zhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Guangyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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23
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Stegemeier JP, Avellan A, Lowry GV. Effect of Initial Speciation of Copper- and Silver-Based Nanoparticles on Their Long-Term Fate and Phytoavailability in Freshwater Wetland Mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12114-12122. [PMID: 29017014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ag0- and CuO-engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) or their sulfidized forms are introduced into freshwater wetlands through wastewater effluent and agricultural runoff. Knowledge about the rates of transformations of these ENMs in realistic environments and the impact of the form of the incoming ENM (i.e., sulfidized or pristine) on bioavailability and fate is limited. Here, five freshwater wetland mesocosms were exposed to 3 g of total metal as CuO, CuS, Ag0, or Ag2S ENMs or soluble CuNO3 added weekly for 1 month. Total metal and metal speciation was measured in sediment and plant samples collected 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after addition. The form of the added ENM did not affect the metal distribution, and ENMs distributed similarly to added ionic Cu or Ag. For the dosing condition used, ∼50% of the added Ag or Cu metal mass was found in Egeria densa plant tissue, with the remainder primarily in the surficial sediment. Ag0 and CuO ENMs transformed quickly in sediment, with no evidence of CuO and only ∼4% of silver present as Ag0 ENM 1 week after the last ENM addition. In contrast to sediment, Ag0 and CuO ENMs were persistent in E. densa tissues for up to 9 and 6 months, respectively. The persistence of ENMs in E. densa suggests that chronic exposures, or food web transfers, for both the transformed and the initially added ENMs are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Stegemeier
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) and ‡Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Astrid Avellan
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) and ‡Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) and ‡Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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24
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Itzel F, Gehrmann L, Bielak H, Ebersbach P, Boergers A, Herbst H, Maus C, Simon A, Dopp E, Hammers-Wirtz M, Schmidt TC, Tuerk J. Investigation of full-scale ozonation at a municipal wastewater treatment plant using a toxicity-based evaluation concept. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1242-1258. [PMID: 28880814 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1369663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are known to be point sources of micropollutants for surface waters. The aim of this study was to examine a reconstructed full-scale ozonation equipped with a pump-injector system for ozone (O3) dosage and a fluidized moving-bed reactor as biological posttreatment at a municipal WWTP utilizing an effect-directed approach. This approach consists of chemical analysis in combination with toxicological tests for the assessment of treatment efficiency of the plant. Chemical analysis showed elimination rates > 80% for pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. Analysis of endocrine disruptors was limited due to substance concentrations below the limit of detection (LOD). Estrogenic activity was detected by the Arxula Adeninivorans yeast estrogen screen (A-YES) at low concentrations (pg to ng EEQ/l range). Estrogenic activity was reduced by more than 90% after ozonation. In contrast, androgenic activity (measured in the Adeninivorans yeast androgen screen, A-YAS) was still found after O3 treatment and after biological posttreatment, which is consistent with the data obtained by chemical analysis. Furthermore, no marked genotoxic or cytotoxic effects were observed after ozonation using the alkaline comet and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromid (MTT) assays, respectively. Results suggest that the applied specific O3 dose of 0.4 mgO3/mgDOC is a safe operation setup in terms of toxicologically relevant transformation products. In addition, no adverse effects on primary producers, as evidenced by algae growth inhibition tests, were detected. The monitored biofilm growth in the biological posttreatment exhibited a steady state after one month. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and biomass, one might conclude that O3 did not apparently enter biological posttreatment to a great extent and that hydraulic retention time in the O3 reactor was sufficient. Our data demonstrate the effectiveness of a full-scale O3 treatment in combination with a fluidized moving-bed reactor as biological posttreatment for the reduction of a majority of micropollutants without the release of relevant toxic transformation products as assessed by a chemical and toxicity-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Itzel
- a Department of Environmental Hygiene & Micropollutants , Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology) , Duisburg , Germany
- b Instrumental Analytical Chemistry (IAC), Faculty of Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Linda Gehrmann
- a Department of Environmental Hygiene & Micropollutants , Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology) , Duisburg , Germany
| | - Helena Bielak
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- d Department of Toxicology , IWW Zentrum Wasser , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Paul Ebersbach
- a Department of Environmental Hygiene & Micropollutants , Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology) , Duisburg , Germany
- e Department for CARS-Microscopy , Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V ., Dortmund , Germany
| | - Andrea Boergers
- a Department of Environmental Hygiene & Micropollutants , Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology) , Duisburg , Germany
| | - Heinrich Herbst
- f Department of Process Engineering Water , Sweco GmbH , Cologne , Germany
| | - Christian Maus
- f Department of Process Engineering Water , Sweco GmbH , Cologne , Germany
| | - Anne Simon
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- d Department of Toxicology , IWW Zentrum Wasser , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Elke Dopp
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- d Department of Toxicology , IWW Zentrum Wasser , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- g Department of Ecotoxicology , GAIAC, Forschungsinstitut für Ökosystemanalyse und -bewertung e.V ., Aachen , Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- b Instrumental Analytical Chemistry (IAC), Faculty of Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- d Department of Toxicology , IWW Zentrum Wasser , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- a Department of Environmental Hygiene & Micropollutants , Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology) , Duisburg , Germany
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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25
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Li L, Xu Z, Wimmer A, Tian Q, Wang X. New Insights into the Stability of Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles in Surface Water: Dissolution through Hypochlorite Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7920-7927. [PMID: 28608678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2SNPs) are considered to be stable in the environment due to the extreme low solubility of Ag2S (Ksp: 6.3 × 10-50). Little is known about the stability of Ag2SNPs in surface water disinfected with aqueous chlorine, one of the globally most used disinfectants. Our results suggested that both uncoated and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated Ag2SNPs (100 μg/L) underwent dissolution in surface water disinfected with aqueous chlorine at a dose of 4 mg/L, showing the highest dissolved silver ion concentrations of 22.3 and 10.5 μg/L within 45 min, respectively. The natural organic matter (NOM) and dissolved oxygen (DO) posed effects on the Ag2SNPs dissolution by chlorine; NOM accelerated Ag2SNPs dissolution while DO reduced the rate and extent of Ag2SNPs dissolution. We further demonstrated that Ag2SNPs dissolution was primarily attributed to active oxidative substances including hydroxyl radical and H2O2 originating from the hypochlorite oxidation. Additionally, water containing Ag2SNPs disinfected with hypochlorite showed stronger interference on the zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo hatching than Ag2SNPs and hypochlorite on their own. This work documented that Ag2SNPs could undergo dissolution in surface water through hypochlorite oxidation, posing potential risks to aquatic organisms, and therefore showed new insights into the stability of Ag2SNPs in natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiangyu Li
- School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Andreas Wimmer
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich , Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Qinghua Tian
- School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
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26
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Magesky A, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Beaulieu L, Pelletier É. Silver nanoparticles and dissolved silver activate contrasting immune responses and stress-induced heat shock protein expression in sea urchin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1872-1886. [PMID: 27943424 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using immune cells of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in early development as a model, the cellular protective mechanisms against ionic and poly(allylamine)-coated silver nanoparticle (AgNPs; 14 ± 6 nm) treatments at 100 μg L-1 were investigated. Oxidative stress, heat shock protein expression, and pigment production by spherulocytes were determined as well as AgNP translocation pathways and their multiple effects on circulating coelomocytes. Sea urchins showed an increasing resilience to Ag over time because ionic Ag is accumulated in a steady way, although nanoAg levels dropped between 48 h and 96 h. A clotting reaction emerged on tissues injured by dissolved Ag (present as chloro-complexes in seawater) between 12 h and 48 h. Silver contamination and nutritional state influenced the production of reactive oxygen species. After passing through coelomic sinuses and gut, AgNPs were found in coelomocytes. Inside blood vessels, apoptosis-like processes appeared in coelomocytes highly contaminated by poly(allylamine)-coated AgNPs. Increasing levels of Ag accumulated by urchins once exposed to AgNPs pointed to a Trojan-horse mechanism operating over 12-d exposure. However, under short-term treatments, physical interactions of poly(allylamine)-coated AgNPs with cell structures might be, at some point, predominant and responsible for the highest levels of stress-related proteins detected. The present study is the first report detailing nano-translocation in a marine organism and multiple mechanisms by which sea urchin cells can deal with toxic AgNPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1872-1886. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Magesky
- Institut de sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Département des sciences des aliments, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Émilien Pelletier
- Institut de sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
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27
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Yin Y, Xu W, Tan Z, Li Y, Wang W, Guo X, Yu S, Liu J, Jiang G. Photo- and thermo-chemical transformation of AgCl and Ag 2S in environmental matrices and its implication. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:955-962. [PMID: 27836474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AgCl and Ag2S prevalently exist in the environment as minerals and/or the chlorination and sulfidation products of ionic silver and elemental silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this work, we investigated the chemical transformation of AgCl and Ag2S under simulated sunlight (in water) and incineration (in sludge and simulated municipal solid waste, SMSW). In the presence of natural organic matter, AgCl in river water was observed to be transformed into AgNPs under simulated sunlight, while photo-reduction of Ag2S could not take place under the same experimental conditions. During the course of incineration, pure Ag2S was transformed into elemental silver while AgCl remained stable; however, both Ag2S in sludge and AgCl in SMSW can be transformed to elemental silver under incineration, evident by the results of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy measurements. Incineration temperature played an important role in the transformation of Ag2S and AgCl into elemental silver. These results suggest that chemical transformations of Ag2S and AgCl into elemental silver could be a possible source of naturally occurring or unintentionally produced AgNPs, affecting the fate, transport, bioavailability and toxicity of silver. Therefore, it is necessary to include the contributions of this transformation process when assessing the risk of ionic silver/AgNPs and the utilization and management of incineration residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Sujuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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28
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Li L, Zhou Q, Geng F, Wang Y, Jiang G. Formation of Nanosilver from Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles in Natural Waters by Photoinduced Fe(II, III) Redox Cycling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:13342-13350. [PMID: 27993063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanosilver (nAg) has been repeatedly demonstrated to end up as silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2SNPs), but little is known about the potential transformations of Ag2SNPs in natural environments that are very important for comprehensive assessments of nAg risks to human and environmental health. Here we show that Ag2SNPs can release tiny amounts of silver ion via cation exchange reactions between Ag(I) and Fe(III) in the dark, while in the light dramatic dissolution of Ag2SNP occurs, which is mainly attributed to the Ag2SNP oxidation by the hydroxyl radical formed during the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in water under sunlit conditions. However, silver ions are subsequently reduced to nAg in the light due to the strong reducing power of Fe(II). Thus, the formation of nAg from Ag2SNPs in the presence of Fe(III) under light conditions proceeds through a two-step reaction mechanism, the photoinduced and Fe(III)-dependent dissolution of Ag2SNPs, followed by the reduction of silver ions to nAg by Fe(II). The formation of nAg from Ag2SNPs is also validated in environmental waters under light conditions. It is thus concluded that photoinduced Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycling can drive the formation of nAg from Ag2SNPs in natural waters. These findings suggest that the previous consensus about the stability of Ag2SNPs in aquatic environments should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fanglan Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
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29
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Telgmann L, Nguyen MTK, Shen L, Yargeau V, Hintelmann H, Metcalfe CD. Single particle ICP-MS as a tool for determining the stability of silver nanoparticles in aquatic matrixes under various environmental conditions, including treatment by ozonation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5169-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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