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Wang Z, Ding C, Tong Z, Yang L, Xiang S, Liang Y. Characterization and expression analysis of a thaumatin-like protein PpTLP1 from ground cherry Physalis pubescens. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127731. [PMID: 38287567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Ground cherry, Physalis pubescens, is mainly cultivated as a fruit worldwide and popularly used as a food supplement and traditional Chinese medicine. Plants are challenged by external environmental stress and can initiate resistance to the stress through the regulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Among PR proteins, PR-5, a thaumatin-like protein (TLP), was identified in many plants and found to be able to enhance stress resistance. However, PR-5 in ground cherry is not characterized and its expression is yet to be understood. In this study, a PR-5 protein PpTLP1 in P. pubescens was firstly identified. Analysis of the amino acid sequences revealed that PpTLP1 was highly similar to PR-NP24 identified in tomato with a difference in only one amino acid. Expression analysis indicated that the PpTLP1 gene was highly expressed in leaf while the PpTLP1 protein was tissue-specifically accumulated in cherry exocarp. Furthermore, the down-regulation of PpTLP1 in ground cherry was induced by NaCl treatment while the up-regulation was promoted by the infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. This study will provide a new plant resource containing a TLP in Physalis genus and a novel insight for the improvement of postharvest management of ground cherry and other Solanaceae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chengsong Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhipeng Tong
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Liuliu Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shibo Xiang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yue Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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2
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Crescenzi MA, Serreli G, Deiana M, Tuberoso CIG, Montoro P, Piacente S. Metabolite Profiling, through LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS Analysis, of Antioxidant Extracts from Physalis alkekengi L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2101. [PMID: 38136220 PMCID: PMC10741110 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing use of Physalis alkekengi L. as a food supplement and starting material for tea preparation, a comprehensive analysis of green extracts was performed. Two different extraction methods were applied to yellow Physalis alkekengi L. fruit and calyx and compared: hydroalcoholic extraction and decoction. Characterization of the metabolome of the calyx and fruit of yellow Physalis alkekengi L. was performed by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS followed by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS to identify 58 phytocompounds using the two different extraction techniques. Subsequently, through preliminary spectrophotometric assays followed by cell studies, the antioxidant activity of the different Physalis alkekengi L. extracts were evaluated. It was found that Physalis alkekengi L. extracts are a good source of metabolites such as flavonoids, organic acids, phenylpropanoids, physalins and carotenoids, with various biological activities, in particular, antioxidant activity capable of reducing the production of free radicals in intestinal Caco-2 cells. For the first time, an integrated approach (metabolomics approach and antioxidant evaluation) was applied to the study of Physalis alkekengi green extracts and decoctions, the green extraction method mostly used in herbal preparations. An interesting finding was the high antioxidant activity shown by these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Crescenzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Unit of Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Monica Deiana
- Unit of Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Carlo I. G. Tuberoso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (S.P.)
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3
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Li R, Zeng Q, Zhang X, Jing J, Ge X, Zhao L, Yi B, Tu J, Fu T, Wen J, Shen J. Xanthophyll esterases in association with fibrillins control the stable storage of carotenoids in yellow flowers of rapeseed (Brassica juncea). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:285-301. [PMID: 37194444 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis, stabilization, and storage of carotenoids are vital processes in plants that collectively contribute to the vibrant colors observed in flowers and fruits. Despite its importance, the carotenoid storage pathway remains poorly understood and lacks thorough characterization. We identified two homologous genes, BjA02.PC1 and BjB04.PC2, belonging to the esterase/lipase/thioesterase (ELT) family of acyltransferases. We showed that BjPCs in association with fibrillin gene BjFBN1b control the stable storage of carotenoids in yellow flowers of Brassica juncea. Through genetic, high-resolution mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy analyses, we demonstrated that both BjA02.PC1 and BjB04.PC2 can promote the accumulation of esterified xanthophylls, facilitating the formation of carotenoid-enriched plastoglobules (PGs) and ultimately producing yellow pigments in flowers. The elimination of BjPCs led to the redirection of metabolic flux from xanthophyll ester biosynthesis to lipid biosynthesis, resulting in white flowers for B. juncea. Moreover, we genetically verified the function of two fibrillin genes, BjA01.FBN1b and BjB05.FBN1b, in mediating PG formation and demonstrated that xanthophyll esters must be deposited in PGs for stable storage. These findings identified a previously unknown carotenoid storage pathway that is regulated by BjPCs and BjFBN1b, while offering unique opportunities for improving the stability, deposition, and bioavailability of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinyu Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jing Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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4
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Visan S, Soritau O, Tatomir C, Baldasici O, Balacescu L, Balacescu O, Muntean P, Gherasim C, Pintea A. The Bioactive Properties of Carotenoids from Lipophilic Sea buckthorn Extract ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114486. [PMID: 37298962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.7% of total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (6.9%) worldwide. Bioactive dietary components such as Sea buckthorn berries are known for their high carotenoid content, which has been shown to possess anti-cancer properties. Considering the limited number of studies investigating the bioactive properties of carotenoids in breast cancer, the aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative, antioxidant, and proapoptotic properties of saponified lipophilic Sea buckthorn berries extract (LSBE) in two breast cancer cell lines with different phenotypes: T47D (ER+, PR+, HER2-) and BT-549 (ER-, PR-, HER2-). The antiproliferative effects of LSBE were evaluated by an Alamar Blue assay, the extracellular antioxidant capacity was evaluated through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, the intracellular antioxidant capacity was evaluated through a DCFDA assay, and the apoptosis rate was assessed by flow cytometry. LSBE inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with a mean IC50 of 16 µM. LSBE has proven to be a good antioxidant both at the intracellular level, due to its ability to significantly decrease the ROS levels in both cell lines (p = 0.0279 for T47D, and p = 0.0188 for BT-549), and at the extracellular level, where the ABTS and DPPH inhibition vried between 3.38-56.8%, respectively 5.68-68.65%, and 35.6 mg/L equivalent ascorbic acid/g LSBE were recorded. Based on the results from the antioxidant assays, LSBE was found to have good antioxidant activity due to its rich carotenoid content. The flow cytometry results revealed that LSBE treatment induced significant alterations in late-stage apoptotic cells represented by 80.29% of T47D cells (p = 0.0119), and 40.6% of BT-549 cells (p = 0.0137). Considering the antiproliferative, antioxidant, and proapoptotic properties of the carotenoids from LSBE on breast cancer cells, further studies should investigate whether these bioactive dietary compounds could be used as nutraceuticals in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Visan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina Tatomir
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Baldasici
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana Balacescu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Patricia Muntean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Gherasim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adela Pintea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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5
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Esquivel P, Rodriguez-Amaya DB. Comprehensive review on carotenoid composition: Transformations during processing and storage of foods. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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6
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Phytonutrient Composition of Two Phenotypes of Physalis alkekengi L. Fruit. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Physalis alkekengi L. is the only representative of the genus Physalis (Solanaceae) that is native to Bulgaria, found in wild habitats under different climatic and soil conditions. The plant is poisonous, but produces edible fruit, which are a source of functional nutrients—vitamins, phenolic antioxidants, minerals, etc. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the presence of certain nutrient and bioactive substances in two phenotypes of P. alkekengi fruit from Bulgaria, in order to better reveal the prospects of fruit use in nutrition. Different macro and micronutrients were determined in the fruit—protein, ash, lipids, fiber, natural pigments, sugars, amino acids, minerals—and the results showed differences between the phenotypes. Fruit energy values were low and identical in the samples, 43 kcal/100 g. The fruits were rich in extractable phenolics (TPC, 17.74–20.25 mg GAE/100 g FW; flavonoids, 15.84–18.03 mg QE/100 g FW) and demonstrated good antioxidant activity (DPPH, 171.55–221.26 mM TE/g; FRAP, 193.18–256.35 mM TE/g). P. alkekengi fruits were processed to obtain a dry extract with ethanol (yield 47.92–58.6%), and its individual composition was identified (GC-MS). The results in this study supported the presumed phytonutritive potential of P. alkekengi fruit, thus, opening doors for further research.
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7
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Gao P, Zhang X, Wang Z, Liu C, Xu S, Bian J, Yue D, Li D, Zhang L, Liu X. Purification, characterisation and antioxidant properties of a novel polysaccharide from
Physalis pubescens L
. fruits. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
- Institute of Functional Molecules Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Changfeng Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Jun Bian
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Dandan Yue
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
- Institute of Functional Molecules Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Danqi Li
- Institute of Functional Molecules Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Institute of Functional Molecules Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Xuegui Liu
- Institute of Functional Molecules Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
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8
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Jaramillo-Vivanco T, Balslev H, Montúfar R, Cámara RM, Giampieri F, Battino M, Cámara M, Alvarez-Suarez JM. Three Amazonian palms as underestimated and little-known sources of nutrients, bioactive compounds and edible insects. Food Chem 2022; 372:131273. [PMID: 34649030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mauritia flexuosa, Bactris gasipaes, and Oenocarpus bataua are among the main palms in the Amazon used for food and medicinal purposes. The food most commonly derived from these are fruits, oil, and the larvae of the insect Rhynchophorus palmarum reared in their trunks. Palm fruits are used for oil extraction as they are rich in saturated fatty acids, fiber, pro-vitamin A, carotenoids, tocopherols, macro and microelements, and polyphenols. Furthermore, the larvae of R. palmarum are rich in lipids, vitamin E, and proteins. This review analyzes the chemical composition of the fruit and oil of these palm species, as well as the R. palmarum larvae that breed in them. Our aim is to present information that is not widely known in order to demonstrate the potential of these palms as sources of plant-based and animal food with high nutritional and functional values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Jaramillo-Vivanco
- Grupo de Bio-quimio Informática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Programa de Doctorado en Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Bioscience - Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rommel Montúfar
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rosa M Cámara
- Departamento Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Montaña Cámara
- Departamento Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Alvarez-Suarez
- Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Yang J, Sun Y, Cao F, Yang B, Kuang H. Natural Products from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino: A Review on Their Structural Analysis, Quality Control, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030695. [PMID: 35163960 PMCID: PMC8840080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The calyxes and fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (P. alkekengi), a medicinal and edible plant, are frequently used as heat-clearing and detoxifying agents in thousands of Chinese medicine prescriptions. For thousands of years in China, they have been widely used in clinical practice to treat throat disease, hepatitis, and bacillary dysentery. This systematic review summarizes their structural analysis, quality control, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, the possible development trends and perspectives for future research studies on this medicinal plant are discussed. Relevant information on the calyxes and fruits of P. alkekengi was collected from electronic databases, Chinese herbal classics, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Moreover, information was collected from ancient documents in China. The components isolated and identified in P. alkekengi include steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, nucleosides, terpenoids, megastigmane, aliphatic derivatives, organic acids, coumarins, and sucrose esters. Steroids, particularly physalins and flavonoids, are the major characteristic and bioactive ingredients in P. alkekengi. According to the literature, physalins are synthesized by the mevalonate and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathways, and flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid pathway. Since the chemical components and pharmacological effects of P. alkekengi are complex and varied, there are different standards for the evaluation of its quality and efficacy. In most cases, the analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection. A pharmacological study showed that the crude extracts and isolated compounds from P. alkekengi had extensive in vitro and in vivo biological activities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunosuppressive, antibacterial, anti-leishmanial, anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-malarial, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and vasodilatory). Moreover, the relevant anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor mechanisms were elucidated. The reported activities indicate the great pharmacological potential of P. alkekengi. Similarly, studies on the pharmacokinetics of specific compounds will also contribute to the progress of clinical research in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Feng Cao
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0451-82197188
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10
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Schex R, Lieb VM, Schäfer C, Schweiggert R, Steingass CB. Carotenoid profiles of red- and yellow-colored arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112741. [PMID: 33845183 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The botanical delimitation of Taxus species and cultivars may be facilitated by characterizing the pigment profiles of their red- and yellow-fleshed arils. Therefore, we determined genuine carotenoid profiles of differently colored arils of seven defined cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder. In-depth HPLC-DAD-ESI/APCI-MSn analyses revealed the presence of 43 carotenoids. Exceptional retro-carotenoids dominated the profiles of all samples assessed. Rhodoxanthin (E/Z)-isomers were predominant in the red-colored arils, resulting in a rather unusual abundance of carotenoid isomers as expressed by ratios of up to 1.3:2.0:0.9 between (all-E)-, (6Z)-, and (6Z,6'Z)-rhodoxanthin, respectively. By contrast, the uncommon yellow arils of Taxus baccata L. 'Lutea' mainly contained eschscholtzxanthin (E/Z)-isomers and esters. Total carotenoid concentrations ranged from 17.00 to 58.78 μg/g fresh weight across all samples assessed. Highest total rhodoxanthin concentrations of 51.33 ± 0.46 μg/g fresh weight were obtained from the red arils of Taxus × media Rehder 'Hicksii'. Overall, Taxus arils represent a promising source of carotenoids and, in particular, of retro-carotenoids with exceptional molecular structures and extraordinary absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schex
- DSM Nutritional Products, Research and Development Center Forms, P.O. Box 2676, 4002, Basel, Switzerland; Geisenheim University, Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366, Germany
| | - Veronika M Lieb
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Schäfer
- DSM Nutritional Products, Research and Development Center Forms, P.O. Box 2676, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Geisenheim University, Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366, Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Geisenheim University, Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366, Germany.
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11
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Zhang J, Jia G, Wanbin Z, Minghao J, Wei Y, Hao J, Liu X, Gan Z, Sun A. Nanoencapsulation of zeaxanthin extracted from Lycium barbarum L. by complex coacervation with gelatin and CMC. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Mandić AI, Bantis F, Böhm V, Borge GIA, Brnčić M, Bysted A, Cano MP, Dias MG, Elgersma A, Fikselová M, García-Alonso J, Giuffrida D, Gonçalves VSS, Hornero-Méndez D, Kljak K, Lavelli V, Manganaris GA, Mapelli-Brahm P, Marounek M, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Periago-Castón MJ, Pintea A, Sheehan JJ, Tumbas Šaponjac V, Valšíková-Frey M, Meulebroek LV, O'Brien N. A comprehensive review on carotenoids in foods and feeds: status quo, applications, patents, and research needs. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:1999-2049. [PMID: 33399015 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoids widely distributed in foods that have been always part of the diet of humans. Unlike the other so-called food bioactives, some carotenoids can be converted into retinoids exhibiting vitamin A activity, which is essential for humans. Furthermore, they are much more versatile as they are relevant in foods not only as sources of vitamin A, but also as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Lately, they are also attracting interest in the context of nutricosmetics, as they have been shown to provide cosmetic benefits when ingested in appropriate amounts. In this work, resulting from the collaborative work of participants of the COST Action European network to advance carotenoid research and applications in agro-food and health (EUROCAROTEN, www.eurocaroten.eu, https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA15136/#tabs|Name:overview) research on carotenoids in foods and feeds is thoroughly reviewed covering aspects such as analysis, carotenoid food sources, carotenoid databases, effect of processing and storage conditions, new trends in carotenoid extraction, daily intakes, use as human, and feed additives are addressed. Furthermore, classical and recent patents regarding the obtaining and formulation of carotenoids for several purposes are pinpointed and briefly discussed. Lastly, emerging research lines as well as research needs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anamarija I Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Filippos Bantis
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Grethe Iren A Borge
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mladen Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anette Bysted
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Graça Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Martina Fikselová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristina Kljak
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Lavelli
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George A Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Adela Pintea
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nora O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Wang G, Xu L, Liu W, Xu W, Mu Y, Wang Z, Huang X, Li L. New anti-inflammatory withanolides from Physalis pubescens fruit. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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A Brief Overview of Dietary Zeaxanthin Occurrence and Bioaccessibility. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184067. [PMID: 32899907 PMCID: PMC7570536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As it exhibits no provitamin A activity, the dietary intake of zeaxanthin is not considered essential. However, its contribution to ocular health has long been acknowledged. Numerous publications emphasize the importance of zeaxanthin alongside lutein in ocular diseases such as cataracts and age-related macular degeneration which constitute an important health concern, especially among the elderly. Considering that the average dietary ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin favors the first, more bioaccessible food sources of zeaxanthin that can hinder the development and progression of the above-mentioned disorders are of great interest. In this paper, a brief overview of the more recent state of knowledge as regards dietary sources together with their respective zeaxanthin bioaccessibility assessed through a standardized in vitro digestion method was provided.
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15
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Long JT, Fan HX, Zhou ZQ, Sun WY, Li QW, Wang Y, Ma M, Gao H, Zhi H. The major zeaxanthin dipalmitate derivatives from wolfberry. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:746-753. [PMID: 31163996 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1621855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (3) and two zeaxanthin dipalmitate derivatives, including one new compound (1), were obtained from wolfberry [the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. (Solanaceae)]. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Compound 2 is isolated from the genus Lycium for the first time, and its 1D/2D NMR data are firstly reported. All the compounds belong to carotenoids which are a kind of major bioactive constituents in wolfberry and are also responsible for wolfberry's red color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tang Long
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Xia Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zheng-Qun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wan-Yang Sun
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing-Wen Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Widomska J, SanGiovanni JP, Subczynski WK. Why is Zeaxanthin the Most Concentrated Xanthophyll in the Central Fovea? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051333. [PMID: 32392888 PMCID: PMC7284714 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-based xanthophylls (zeaxanthin and lutein) are conditionally essential polar carotenoids preferentially accreted in high concentrations (1 mM) to the central retina, where they have the capacity to impart unique physiologically significant biophysical biochemical properties implicated in cell function, rescue, and survival. Macular xanthophylls interact with membrane-bound proteins and lipids to absorb/attenuate light energy, modulate oxidative stress and redox balance, and influence signal transduction cascades implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. There is exclusive transport, sequestration, and appreciable bioamplification of macular xanthophylls from the circulating carotenoid pool to the retina and within the retina to regions required for high-resolution sensory processing. The distribution of diet-based macular xanthophylls and the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin varies considerably by retinal eccentricity. Zeaxanthin concentrations are 2.5-fold higher than lutein in the cone-dense central fovea. This is an ~20-fold increase in the molar ratio relative to eccentric retinal regions with biochemically detectable macular xanthophylls. In this review, we discuss how the differences in the specific properties of lutein and zeaxanthin could help explain the preferential accumulation of zeaxanthin in the most vulnerable region of the macula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: 48-81448-6333 (J.W.)
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: 48-81448-6333 (J.W.)
| | - Witold K. Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
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17
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Wen X, Heller A, Wang K, Han Q, Ni Y, Carle R, Schweiggert R. Carotenogenesis and chromoplast development during ripening of yellow, orange and red colored Physalis fruit. PLANTA 2020; 251:95. [PMID: 32274590 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formation of specific ultrastructural chromoplastidal elements during ripening of fruits of three different colored Physalis spp. is closely related to their distinct carotenoid profiles. The accumulation of color-determining carotenoids within the chromoplasts of ripening yellow, orange, and red fruit of Physalis pubescens L., Physalis peruviana L., and Physalis alkekengi L., respectively, was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) as well as light and transmission electron microscopy. Both yellow and orange fruit gradually accumulated mainly β-carotene and lutein esters at variable levels, explaining their different colors at full ripeness. Upon commencing β-carotene biosynthesis, large crystals appeared in their chromoplasts, while large filaments protruding from plastoglobules were characteristic elements of chromoplasts of orange fruit. In contrast to yellow and orange fruit, fully ripe red fruit contained almost no β-carotene, but esters of both β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin at very high levels. Tubule bundles and unusual disc-like crystallites were predominant carotenoid-bearing elements in red fruit. Our study supports the earlier hypothesis that the predominant carotenoid type might shape the ultrastructural carotenoid deposition form, which is considered important for color, stability and bioavailability of the contained carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Annerose Heller
- Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kunli Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qianyun Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuanying Ni
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80257, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Chair of Analysis and Technology of Plant-Based Foods, Institute of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
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18
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Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic withanolides from the calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var franchetii. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103614. [PMID: 32007725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation into the calyx of Physalis alkekengi L. var franchetii (Mast) Makino resulted in the isolation of ten cytotoxic withanolides, including five new withanolides, 1-5. Compounds 2-4 were obtained as epimeric withaphysalins. The new structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The withanolides were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the A549 and K562 cell lines. Compounds 1 and 8 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against both cell lines with IC50 values of 1.9-4.3 μM and induced typical apoptosis as evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. Further studies indicated that 1 and 8 displayed antitumour effects by suppressing the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling pathway.
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19
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Lux PE, Carle R, Zacarías L, Rodrigo MJ, Schweiggert RM, Steingass CB. Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13164-13175. [PMID: 31665598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The carotenogenesis in the endocarp and flavedo of Navel oranges over four consecutive maturity stages was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-multistage mass spectrometry. After optimization of the extraction method, 77 carotenoids, including 26 monoesters and 33 diesters of violaxanthin, β-citraurin, and antheraxanthin, were characterized. Whereas chloroplast-specific pigments, such as (all-E)-lutein and (all-E)-β-carotene, predominated in the flavedo of green-ripe fruit, a highly complex pattern of xanthophyll esters was found in the mature oranges. Total carotenoid contents of flavedo were approximately 9-fold higher [12 605 μg/100 g of fresh weight (FW)] than those in the endocarp (1354 μg/100 g of FW) at the fully mature stage. The mature endocarp abundantly contained violaxanthin mono- and diesters, in addition to diverse antheraxanthin esters, which were exclusively detected in this fruit fraction. Likewise, β-citraurin esters were found to be unique flavedo constituents of mature fruit. Therefore, they may support the detection of fraudulent use of peel fractions during orange juice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Lux
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Chair Food Biofunctionality , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 28 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Post Office Box 80257, Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Catedrático Agustin Escardino 7 , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - María-Jesús Rodrigo
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Catedrático Agustin Escardino 7 , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis & Technology of Plant-Based Foods , Geisenheim University , Von-Lade-Straße 1 , 65366 Geisenheim , Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis & Technology of Plant-Based Foods , Geisenheim University , Von-Lade-Straße 1 , 65366 Geisenheim , Germany
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20
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Kan X, Yan Y, Ran L, Lu L, Mi J, Zhang Z, Li X, Zeng X, Cao Y. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography purification of zeaxanthin dipalmitate from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. Food Chem 2019; 310:125854. [PMID: 31784067 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZDP) is a major non-saponified carotenoid in fully ripe fruits of Lycium barbarum L. In the present study, response surface methodology was used to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of carotenoids from the fruits of L. barbarum, and the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: ultrasonic power of 360 W, ultrasonic time of 40 min and the ratio of extraction solvent to sample of 30 mL/g. An actual value of ZDP content of 5.40 mg/g and short extraction time indicated the efficiency of UAE. Furthermore, a promising high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was established for the purification of ZDP from the fruits of L. barbarum. With a developed two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/dichloromethane/acetonitrile (10/3/7, v/v/v), ZDP with a purity of higher than 95% was successfully isolated from the crude extract. This is the first report on the purification of ZDP by using HSCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Kan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Linwu Ran
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Lu Lu
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Mi
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhijuan Zhang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China.
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21
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Japanese and Bohemian Knotweeds as Sustainable Sources of Carotenoids. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100384. [PMID: 31569417 PMCID: PMC6843863 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica Houtt.) and Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia x bohemica) are invasive alien plant species, causing great global ecological and economic damage. Mechanical excavation of plant material represents an effective containment method, but it is not economically and environmentally sustainable as it produces an excessive amount of waste. Thus, practical uses of these plants are actively being sought. In this study, we explored the carotenoid profiles and carotenoid content of mature (green) and senescing leaves of both knotweeds. Both plants showed similar pigment profiles. By means of high performance thin-layer chromatography with densitometry and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and mass spectrometric detector, 11 carotenoids (and their derivatives) and 4 chlorophylls were identified in green leaves, whereas 16 distinct carotenoids (free carotenoids and xanthophyll esters) were found in senescing leaves. Total carotenoid content in green leaves of Japanese knotweed and Bohemian knotweed (378 and 260 mg of lutein equivalent (LE)/100 g dry weight (DW), respectively) was comparable to that of spinach (384 mg LE/100 g DW), a well-known rich source of carotenoids. A much lower total carotenoid content was found for senescing leaves of Japanese and Bohemian knotweed (67 and 70 mg LE/100 g DW, respectively). Thus, green leaves of both studied knotweeds represent a rich and sustainable natural source of bioactive carotenoids. Exploitation of these invaders for the production of high value-added products should consequently promote their mechanical control.
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22
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Manzoni Maroneze M, Jacob-Lopes E, Queiroz Zepka L, Roca M, Pérez-Gálvez A. Esterified carotenoids as new food components in cyanobacteria. Food Chem 2019; 287:295-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Wen X, Erşan S, Li M, Wang K, Steingass CB, Schweiggert RM, Ni Y, Carle R. Physicochemical characteristics and phytochemical profiles of yellow and red Physalis (Physalis alkekengi L. and P. pubescens L.) fruits cultivated in China. Food Res Int 2019; 120:389-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Teixeira N, Melo JC, Batista LF, Paula-Souza J, Fronza P, Brandão MG. Edible fruits from Brazilian biodiversity: A review on their sensorial characteristics versus bioactivity as tool to select research. Food Res Int 2019; 119:325-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Cortés-Herrera C, Artavia G, Leiva A, Granados-Chinchilla F. Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Common Nutritional Components, in Feed and Food. Foods 2018; 8:E1. [PMID: 30577557 PMCID: PMC6352167 DOI: 10.3390/foods8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and feed laboratories share several similarities when facing the implementation of liquid-chromatographic analysis. Using the experience acquired over the years, through application chemistry in food and feed research, selected analytes of relevance for both areas were discussed. This review focused on the common obstacles and peculiarities that each analyte offers (during the sample treatment or the chromatographic separation) throughout the implementation of said methods. A brief description of the techniques which we considered to be more pertinent, commonly used to assay such analytes is provided, including approaches using commonly available detectors (especially in starter labs) as well as mass detection. This manuscript consists of three sections: feed analysis (as the start of the food chain); food destined for human consumption determinations (the end of the food chain); and finally, assays shared by either matrices or laboratories. Analytes discussed consist of both those considered undesirable substances, contaminants, additives, and those related to nutritional quality. Our review is comprised of the examination of polyphenols, capsaicinoids, theobromine and caffeine, cholesterol, mycotoxins, antibiotics, amino acids, triphenylmethane dyes, nitrates/nitrites, ethanol soluble carbohydrates/sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, hydro and liposoluble vitamins. All analytes are currently assayed in our laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cortés-Herrera
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Graciela Artavia
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Astrid Leiva
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Fabio Granados-Chinchilla
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
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26
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Karasawa MMG, Mohan C. Fruits as Prospective Reserves of bioactive Compounds: A Review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:335-346. [PMID: 30069678 PMCID: PMC6109443 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive natural products have always played a significant role as novel therapeutical agents irrespective of their source of origin. They have a profound effect on human health by both direct and indirect means and also possess immense medicinal properties. Fruit species are largely appreciated and highly consumed throughout the world. Epidemiologic information supports the association between high intake of fruits and low risk of chronic diseases. There are several biological reasons why the consumption of fruits might reduce or prevent chronic diseases. Fruits are rich sources of nutrients and energy, have vitamins, minerals, fiber and numerous other classes of biologically active compounds. Moreover, parts of the fruit crops like fruit peels, leaves and barks also possess medicinal properties and have been included in this review. The most important activities discussed in this review include antidiabetic, anticancer, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, stimulation of the immune system, cell detoxification, cholesterol synthesis, anticonvulsant and their ability to lower blood pressure. Several phytochemicals involved in this context are described with special emphasis on their structural properties and their relativity with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chakravarthi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Carotenoid esters analysis and occurrence: What do we know so far? Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 648:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Carotenoids and xanthophyll esters of yellow and red nance fruits (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth) from Costa Rica. Food Res Int 2018; 111:708-714. [PMID: 30007736 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid profiles, by means of HPLC-PDA-MSn, and CIE-L*C*h° colour values of yellow and red nance fruits from Costa Rica were elucidated. Among 16 carotenoids detected, (all-E)-lutein was the most abundant accounting for >80% of the total carotenoids, followed by (all-E)-zeaxanthin (9-11%) and (all-E)-β-carotene (2-9%). Minor constituents were (Z)-isomers of lutein and β-carotene, as well as diverse lutein diesters. Among the esters, lutein dimyristate was the most abundant as substantiated by the comparison with a marigold flower extract. Total carotenoids in the peel (616.2 μg/100 g of FW in yellow nance and 174.2 μg/100 g of FW in red nance) were higher than in the pulp (39.4 μg/100 g of FW in yellow nance and 31.4 μg/100 g of FW in red nance). Since carotenoid profiles of yellow and red varieties were qualitatively similar, although the colour values showed significant differences (77.2 and 88.6 h° in peel and pulp of yellow nance, versus 32.7 and 67.3 h° in peel and pulp of red nance, respectively), pigments other than carotenoids may impart the colour of red nance. High lutein content renders nance fruit as a nutritionally relevant source of this micronutrient.
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Wen X, Hempel J, Schweiggert RM, Wang Y, Ni Y, Carle R. Screening of critical factors influencing the efficient hydrolysis of zeaxanthin dipalmitate in an adapted in vitro- digestion model. Food Chem 2018; 257:36-43. [PMID: 29622222 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As hydrolysis of carotenoid esters is believed to be highly efficient in vivo, their insufficient hydrolysis in in vitro-digestion models, particularly, regarding zeaxanthin diesters, is a current issue. Therefore, in this study, several factors related to the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated in an adapted version of the standardized INFOGEST in vitro-digestion model, using zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZDP) as a substrate. The results showed that pancreatic lipase was able to hydrolyze ZDP, whereas carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) substantially contributed to ZDP cleavage. Replacement of commonly used porcine with bovine bile extracts and the substitution of coffee creamer for soybean oil at identical fat contents both significantly improved hydrolysis efficiency and bioaccessibility of total zeaxanthin to better mimic in vivo conditions. Thus, bile and lipids selection for in vitro digestion of carotenoid esters was crucial. The combined use of coffee creamer, pancreatin, CEL, and bovine bile led to the highest hydrolysis efficiency of 29.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China; Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, 100083 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Judith Hempel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, 100083 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Yuanying Ni
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, 100083 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80257, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Restuati M, Diningrat DS. Antimicrobial Profile of Premna pubescens. Blume and Centella asiatica Extracts Against Bacteria and Fungi Pathogens. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.271.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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