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Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Herrero-Lodares C, Sánchez-Prieto M, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Sánchez-Moreno C, de Ancos B. Sustainable extraction methods of carotenoids from mango (Mangifera indica L. 'Kent') pulp: Ultrasound assisted extraction and green solvents. Food Chem 2024; 450:139253. [PMID: 38653056 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Mango is a good source of carotenoids for use in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products because of their organoleptic and health-promoting properties. Safe and sustainable methods for their extraction is required. The present investigation was aimed to study concentration and carotenoid profile of 'Kent' mango pulp through a conventional extraction (CE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using traditional solvents (tetrahydrofuran-THF and diethyl ether: petroleum ether-DE:PE) and green solvents (GS) (2-metiltetrahydrofuran, 2 m-THF; cyclopentyl methyl ether, CPME). Mango showed (μg/g d.w.) β-carotene (29.4), zeaxanthin (1.28), β-cryptoxanthin (2.8), phytoene (18.68) and phytofluene (7.45) in a CE using DE:PE. Similar results were obtained applying DE:PE in UAE and GS in a CE, so CPME and 2-mTHF seem suitable solvents to replace DE:PE in CE. The yield of total carotenes, xanthophylls and carotenoids using GS combined with UAE was lower than with CE, but important enough to be used as a sustainable procedure for obtaining carotenoids from mango pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Complutense, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain..
| | - Clara Herrero-Lodares
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Complutense, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain.; Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). José Antonio Novais 6, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Sánchez-Prieto
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). José Antonio Novais 6, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). José Antonio Novais 6, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). José Antonio Novais 6, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña de Ancos
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). José Antonio Novais 6, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Heefner A, Simovic T, Mize K, Rodriguez-Miguelez P. The Role of Nutrition in the Development and Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:1136. [PMID: 38674827 PMCID: PMC11053888 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent lung condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The management of COPD classically involves pulmonary rehabilitation, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids. An aspect of COPD management that is currently lacking in the literature is nutritional management, despite the prevalence of inadequate nutritional status in patients with COPD. In addition, certain nutritional imbalances have been reported to increase the risk of COPD development. This review summarizes the current literature on the role diet and nutrients may play in the risk and management of COPD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Heefner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Tijana Simovic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Kasey Mize
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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3
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Lee SY, Jang SJ, Jeong HB, Lee JH, Kim GW, Venkatesh J, Back S, Kwon JK, Choi DM, Kim JI, Kim GJ, Kang BC. Leaky mutations in the zeaxanthin epoxidase in Capsicum annuum result in bright-red fruit containing a high amount of zeaxanthin. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:469-487. [PMID: 38180307 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Fruit color is one of the most important traits in peppers due to its esthetic value and nutritional benefits and is determined by carotenoid composition, resulting from diverse mutations of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. The EMS204 line, derived from an EMS mutant population, presents bright-red color, compared with the wild type Yuwolcho cultivar. HPLC analysis indicates that EMS204 fruit contains more zeaxanthin and less capsanthin and capsorubin than Yuwolcho. MutMap was used to reveal the color variation of EMS204 using an F3 population derived from a cross of EMS204 and Yuwolcho, and the locus was mapped to a 2.5-Mbp region on chromosome 2. Among the genes in the region, a missense mutation was found in ZEP (zeaxanthin epoxidase) that results in an amino acid sequence alteration (V291 → I). A color complementation experiment with Escherichia coli and ZEP in vitro assay using thylakoid membranes revealed decreased enzymatic activity of EMS204 ZEP. Analysis of endogenous plant hormones revealed a significant reduction in abscisic acid content in EMS204. Germination assays and salinity stress experiments corroborated the lower ABA levels in the seeds. Virus-induced gene silencing showed that ZEP silencing also results in bright-red fruit containing less capsanthin but more zeaxanthin than control. A germplasm survey of red color accessions revealed no similar carotenoid profiles to EMS204. However, a breeding line containing a ZEP mutation showed a very similar carotenoid profile to EMS204. Our results provide a novel breeding strategy to develop red pepper cultivars containing high zeaxanthin contents using ZEP mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Jeong Jang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Bong Jeong
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geon Woo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungki Back
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Min Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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4
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de Oliveira Filho JG, Bertolo MRV, Fernandes SS, Lemes AC, da Cruz Silva G, Junior SB, de Azeredo HMC, Mattoso LHC, Egea MB. Intelligent and active biodegradable biopolymeric films containing carotenoids. Food Chem 2024; 434:137454. [PMID: 37716153 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of natural bioactive compounds for the development of new bio-based materials for intelligent and active food packaging applications. Several beneficial effects have been associated with the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of carotenoid compounds. In addition, carotenoids are sensitive to pH changes and oxidation reactions, which make them useful bioindicators of food deterioration. This review summarizes the current research on the application of carotenoids as novel intelligent and active biodegradable food packaging materials. Carotenoids recovered from food processing by-products can be used in the development of active food packaging materials due to their antioxidant properties. They help maintain the stability of lipid-rich foods, such as vegetable oils. Additionally, when incorporated into films, carotenoids can monitor food oxidation, providing intelligent functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirella Romanelli Vicente Bertolo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, CP-780, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sibele Santos Fernandes
- Federal University of Rio Grande, School of Chemistry and Food, Av Italy km 8, Carreiros 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Ailton Cesar Lemes
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), School of Chemistry, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Stanislau Bogusz Junior
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, CP-780, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil.
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5
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Coyago-Cruz E, Guachamin A, Villacís M, Rivera J, Neto M, Méndez G, Heredia-Moya J, Vera E. Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in 51 Minor Tropical Fruits of Ecuador. Foods 2023; 12:4439. [PMID: 38137243 PMCID: PMC10742603 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Less common tropical fruits have been the subject of little research, leaving a vast field to be explored. In this context, a comprehensive study was carried out on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of 51 non-traditional fruits consumed in Ecuador. Vitamin C, organic acids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds were evaluated using microextraction and rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) techniques, while antioxidant activity was measured using microplate readings. The results showed high levels of vitamin C (768.2 mg/100 g DW) in Dovyalis hebecarpa, total organic acids (37.2 g/100 g DW) in Passiflora tripartita, carotenoids (487.0 mg/100 g DW) in Momordica charantia, phenolic compounds (535.4 mg/g DW) in Nephelium lappaceum, Pourouma cecropiifolia (161.4 µmol TE/g DW) and Morus alba (80.5 µmol AAE/g DW) in antioxidant activity. Effective extraction of carotenoids was also observed using a mixture of methanol: acetone: dichloromethane (1:1:2) with an extraction time of 2 min, while an 80% solution of 0.1% acidified methanol with hydrochloric acid with an extraction time of 3 min was highly effective for phenolics in fruit. These results provide a valuable basis for optimising future extraction processes of bioactive compounds from non-traditional fruits, with significant implications for their potential use in various nutritional and pharmaceutical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coyago-Cruz
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Aida Guachamin
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Michael Villacís
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Jason Rivera
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - María Neto
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Méndez
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Heredia-Moya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Vera
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Veintimilla, Quito 170524, Ecuador
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6
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Blanco G, Hornero-Méndez D. Interspecific differences in plasma carotenoid profiles in nestlings of three sympatric vulture species. Curr Zool 2023; 69:658-669. [PMID: 37876644 PMCID: PMC10591145 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are diet-based micronutrients important in health and coloration signaling. Related species with similar diets can differ in the kinds and levels of circulating carotenoids, which suggests specific physiological mechanisms to efficiently utilize these micronutrients, regardless of their availability. We explored whether diet and parental provisioning of unusual sources of carotenoids (fresh vegetal matter and vertebrate feces) can explain the occurrence and concentrations of carotenoids in the cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus, griffon vulture Gyps fulvus, and Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus nestlings, even when these pigments appear to not be deposited in their integumentary system. A greater diversity of wild prey in diet could be behind the profile of higher concentrations of carotenoids in the Egyptian vulture, the species with carotenoid-dependent coloration during adulthood, while differences in diet composition between cinereous and griffon vultures do not translate to different carotenoid profiles. The carotenoid profile appears to not be related to the ingestion of unusual matter rich in these compounds, although the infrequent occurrence of lycopene and unidentified γ-carotene-like compounds suggest that these vultures may be exploiting vegetal matter that left no identifiable unconsumed remains in the nest of Egyptian vultures. The consumption of green plant material by griffon vultures does not result in especially high levels of carotenoids when compared to the carotenoids found in cinereous vultures, which do not consume green plant material. Ungulate feces were not provisioned to Egyptian vulture nestlings, despite the fact they contain carotenoids that adults need for appropriate coloration. Overall, this study indicates that diet differences alone appear insufficient to explain contrasting interspecific carotenoid profiles, especially since all types of food consumed are considered to be poor in carotenoids, except vegetable matter. We suggest that nestling Egyptian vultures are comparatively efficient in uptaking carotenoids present in low concentrations in food when these compounds are not deposited in their integument, which suggests allocation to other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dámaso Hornero-Méndez
- Departament of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
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7
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Roy S, Deshmukh RK, Tripathi S, Gaikwad KK, Das SS, Sharma D. Recent Advances in the Carotenoids Added to Food Packaging Films: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:4011. [PMID: 37959130 PMCID: PMC10647467 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Food spoilage is one of the key concerns in the food industry. One approach is the improvement of the shelf life of the food by introducing active packaging, and another is intelligent packaging. Detecting packed food spoilage in real-time is key to stopping outbreaks caused by food-borne diseases. Using active materials in packaging can improve shelf life, while the nonharmful color indicator can be useful to trace the quality of the food through simple color detection. Recently, bio-derived active and intelligent packaging has gained a lot of interest from researchers and consumers. For this, the biopolymers and the bioactive natural ingredient are used as indicators to fabricate active packaging material and color-changing sensors that can improve the shelf life and detect the freshness of food in real-time, respectively. Among natural bioactive components, carotenoids are known for their good antimicrobial, antioxidant, and pH-responsive color-indicating properties. Carotenoids are rich in fruits and vegetables and fat-soluble pigments. Including carotenoids in the packaging system improves the film's physical and functional performance. The recent progress on carotenoid pigment-based packaging (active and intelligent) is discussed in this review. The sources and biological activity of the carotenoids are briefly discussed, and then the fabrication and application of carotenoid-activated packaging film are reviewed. The carotenoids-based packaging film can enhance packaged food's shelf life and indicate the freshness of meat and vegetables in real-time. Therefore, incorporating carotenoid-based pigment into the polymer matrix could be promising for developing novel packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Roy
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Ram Kumar Deshmukh
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; (R.K.D.); (S.T.); (K.K.G.)
| | - Shefali Tripathi
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; (R.K.D.); (S.T.); (K.K.G.)
| | - Kirtiraj K. Gaikwad
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; (R.K.D.); (S.T.); (K.K.G.)
| | - Sabya Sachi Das
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Devanshi Sharma
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India;
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8
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Zhang Y, Tang Y, Jin W, Liu Y, Li G, Zhong W, Huang J, Wang W. QTL Mapping of Zeaxanthin Content in Sweet Corn Using Recombinant Inbred Line Population across Different Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3506. [PMID: 37836246 PMCID: PMC10575089 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Zeaxanthin is a naturally occurring xanthophyll carotenoid obtained from diet sources. Particularly, sweet corn is a major source of dietary zeaxanthin. To investigate the genetic basis of zeaxanthin content regulation in sweet corn, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population comprising 191 families was constructed using two inbred lines (K44 and F22) with contrasting zeaxanthin content in the grain. The zeaxanthin content in the dry grains of this population grown at different locations was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Subsequently, 175 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to construct a linkage map with a total length of 4322.37 cM and with an average distance of 24.4 cM. A total of eight QTLs located on chromosomes 4, 5, 7, 9, and 10 were detected. The QTLs located in umc1632-umc1401 on chromosome 7 were detected in different environments and explained 11.28-20.25% of the phenotypic variation, implying it is the main QTL controlling zeaxanthin content in the dry grains of sweet corn. Collectively, the present study provides a genetic map and theoretical guidance for the cultivation of sweet corn varieties with a high zeaxanthin content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenyi Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (W.J.); (Y.L.); (G.L.); (W.Z.); (J.H.)
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9
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Bernabeu M, Gharibzahedi SMT, Ganaie AA, Macha MA, Dar BN, Castagnini JM, Garcia-Bonillo C, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Altintas Z, Barba FJ. The potential modulation of gut microbiota and oxidative stress by dietary carotenoid pigments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37691412 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2254383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the response to immune checkpoint therapy, therefore modulation of the microbiome with bioactive molecules like carotenoids might be a very effective strategy to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. This review highlights the bio-functional effect of carotenoids on Gut Microbiota modulation based on a bibliographic search of the different databases. The methodology given in the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) has been employed for developing this review using papers published over two decades considering keywords related to carotenoids and gut microbiota. Moreover, studies related to the health-promoting properties of carotenoids and their utilization in the modulation of gut microbiota have been presented. Results showed that there can be quantitative changes in intestinal bacteria as a function of the type of carotenoid. Due to the dependency on several factors, gut microbiota continues to be a broad and complex study subject. Carotenoids are promising in the modulation of Gut Microbiota, which favored the appearance of beneficial bacteria, resulting in the protection of villi and intestinal permeability. In conclusion, it can be stated that carotenoids may help to protect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium from pathogens and activate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bernabeu
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
- Vicerectorat de Recerca, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arsheed A Ganaie
- Watson Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Basharat N Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Juan M Castagnini
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | | | | | - Zeynep Altintas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
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10
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Olmedilla-Alonso B. Carotenoid Markers of Dietary Exposure and Nutritional Status. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102359. [PMID: 37242242 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthethic prokaryotes and fungi [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Crupi P, Faienza MF, Naeem MY, Corbo F, Clodoveo ML, Muraglia M. Overview of the Potential Beneficial Effects of Carotenoids on Consumer Health and Well-Being. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051069. [PMID: 37237935 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-known experimental research demonstrates that oxidative stress is the leading cause of the onset and progression of major human health disorders such as cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and cancer diseases. A high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species leads to damage of proteins, lipids, and DNA associated with susceptibility to chronic human degenerative disorders. Biological and pharmaceutical investigations have recently focused on exploring both oxidative stress and its defense mechanisms to manage health disorders. Therefore, in recent years there has been considerable interest in bioactive food plant compounds as naturally occurring antioxidant sources able to prevent, reverse, and/or reduce susceptibility to chronic disease. To contribute to this research aim, herein, we reviewed the beneficial effects of carotenoids on human health. Carotenoids are bioactive compounds widely existing in natural fruits and vegetables. Increasing research has confirmed that carotenoids have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory activities. This paper presents an overview of the latest research progress on the biochemistry and preventative and therapeutic benefits of carotenoids, particularly lycopene, in promoting human health. This review could be a starting point for improving the research and investigation of carotenoids as possible ingredients of functional health foods and nutraceuticals in the fields of healthy products, cosmetics, medicine, and the chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Crupi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Muhammad Yasir Naeem
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
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12
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Esquivel P, Rodriguez-Amaya DB. Comprehensive review on carotenoid composition: Transformations during processing and storage of foods. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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13
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Eroglu A, Al'Abri IS, Kopec RE, Crook N, Bohn T. Carotenoids and Their Health Benefits as Derived via Their Interactions with Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:238-255. [PMID: 36775788 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have been related to a number of health benefits. Their dietary intake and circulating levels have been associated with a reduced incidence of obesity, diabetes, certain types of cancer, and even lower total mortality. Their potential interaction with the gut microbiota (GM) has been generally overlooked but may be of relevance, as carotenoids largely bypass absorption in the small intestine and are passed on to the colon, where they appear to be in part degraded into unknown metabolites. These may include apo-carotenoids that may have biological effects because of higher aqueous solubility and higher electrophilicity that could better target transcription factors, i.e., NF-κB, PPARγ, and RAR/RXRs. If absorbed in the colon, they could have both local and systemic effects. Certain microbes that may be supplemented were also reported to produce carotenoids in the colon. Although some bactericidal aspects of carotenoids have been shown in vitro, a few studies have also demonstrated a prebiotic-like effect, resulting in bacterial shifts with health-associated properties. Also, stimulation of IgA could play a role in this respect. Carotenoids may further contribute to mucosal and gut barrier health, such as stabilizing tight junctions. This review highlights potential gut-related health-beneficial effects of carotenoids and emphasizes the current research gaps regarding carotenoid-GM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Ibrahim S Al'Abri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rachel E Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Crook
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, rue 1 A-B, Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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14
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Minor bioactive lipids. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516468 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive lipids-major and minor-comprise an array of compounds belonging to different chemical categories. Among the minor bioactive lipids carotenoids, sterols and tocochromanols attract continuously the interest of food scientists, nutritionists and medical doctors for their importance in food processing, preservation and for their health properties. Provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids are found in various food sources of plant and animal origin and are added to foods as colorants. Their interactions with other food ingredients are critical because of their role against reactive oxygen species. The role of cholesterol through the diet after decades of disputes is better justified whereas at the same time emphasis is given to the technological and health aspects of phytosterols, which became very efficiently part of the daily diet for many population groups. Last but not least the importance of vitamin E is in a continuous debate for over 100years whereas studies on tocotrienols are intensified as a result of a transient to palm oil product consumption globally. Chemistry, natural occurrence, absorption and metabolism, dietary intake and dietary recommendations, major health impacts and key technological issues are updated and discussed with the support of recent findings.
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Rodríguez-Mena A, Ochoa-Martínez LA, González-Herrera SM, Rutiaga-Quiñones OM, González-Laredo RF, Olmedilla-Alonso B. Natural pigments of plant origin: Classification, extraction and application in foods. Food Chem 2023; 398:133908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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16
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Martínez A, Cantero J, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Paulino M. A Computer Simulation Insight into the Formation of Apocarotenoids: Study of the Carotenoid Oxygenases BCO1 and BCO2 and Their Interaction with Putative Substrates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227813. [PMID: 36431912 PMCID: PMC9693266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments, and sources of vitamin A in humans. The first metabolic pathway for their synthesis is mediated by the enzymes β,β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase (BCO1) and β,β-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase (BCO2), which cleave carotenoids into smaller compounds, called apocarotenoids. The objective of this study is to gain insight into the interaction of BCO1 and BCO2 with carotenoids, adding structural diversity and importance in the agro-food and/or health sectors. Homology modeling of BCO1 and BCO2, and the molecular dynamics of complexes with all carotenoids were performed. Interaction energy and structures were analyzed. For both enzymes, the general structure is conserved with a seven beta-sheet structure, and the β-carotene is positioned at an optimal distance from the catalytic center. Fe2+ forms in an octahedral coordination sphere with four perfectly conserved histidine residues. BCO1 finds stability in a structure in which the β-carotene is positioned ready for enzymatic catalysis at the 15-15' bond, and BCO2 in positioning the bond to be cleaved (C9-C10) close to the active site. In BCO1 the carotenoids interact with only seven residues with aromatic rings, while the interaction of BCO2 is much more varied in terms of the type of interaction, with more residues of different chemical natures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Martínez
- Bioinformatics Area, DETEMA Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UdelaR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Cantero
- Bioinformatics Area, DETEMA Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UdelaR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Este, Minga Guazu 7420, Paraguay
| | - Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Color and Quality Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.J.M.-M.); (M.P.)
| | - Margot Paulino
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Este, Minga Guazu 7420, Paraguay
- Correspondence: (A.J.M.-M.); (M.P.)
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17
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Status and Dietary Intake of Phytoene and Phytofluene in Spanish Adults and the Effect of a Four-Week Dietary Intervention with Lutein-Rich Fruits or Vegetables. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142922. [PMID: 35889879 PMCID: PMC9319977 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoene (PT) and phytofluene (PTF) are colourless carotenoids presents in the human diet and in blood, faeces and tissues and are biologically active. However, there is very little data on these carotenoids. This study aims to assess PT and PTF concentrations in serum from healthy Spanish normolipemic subjects (n = 101, 45-65 years) and the effect of a fruit and vegetable dietary intervention (4 weeks, n = 29) on PT and PTF concentration in serum and faeces and dietary intake. Serum and faecal concentrations were analysed by HPLC and dietary intake by 3 × 24 h recalls. PT showed higher concentrations than PTF in serum, faeces and in the dietary intake. Considering both studies, PT and PTF concentrations in serum were 0.16 ± 0.07 and 0.05 ± 0.04 µmol/L, respectively, in faeces 17.7 ± 20.3 and 6.5 ± 7.9 µg/g, respectively, and in dietary intake the median was 2.4 and 0.6 mg/p/day, respectively. Carrots and tomatoes were the major dietary contributors of these carotenoids. The dietary intervention did not cause significant variations in the PT and PTF intake or serum concentrations, but a lower concentration in faeces was observed for the fruit group (PT: p = 0.024; PTF isomer-3: p = 0.034). These data highlight the need for further research on the activities of these carotenoids in humans.
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18
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Almagro L, Correa-Sabater JM, Sabater-Jara AB, Pedreño MÁ. Biotechnological production of β-carotene using plant in vitro cultures. PLANTA 2022; 256:41. [PMID: 35834131 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
β-carotene is biologically active compound widely distributed in plants. The use of plant in vitro cultures and genetic engineering is a promising strategy for its sustainable production. β-carotene is an orange carotenoid often found in leaves as well as in fruits, flowers, and roots. A member of the tetraterpene family, this 40-carbon isoprenoid has a conjugated double-bond structure, which is responsible for some of its most remarkable properties. In plants, β-carotene functions as an antenna pigment and antioxidant, providing protection against photooxidative damage caused by strong UV-B light. In humans, β-carotene acts as a precursor of vitamin A, prevents skin damage by solar radiation, and protects against several types of cancer such as oral, colon and prostate. Due to its wide spectrum of applications, the global market for β-carotene is expanding, and the demand can no longer be met by extraction from plant raw materials. Considerable research has been dedicated to finding more efficient production alternatives based on biotechnological systems. This review provides a detailed overview of the strategies used to increase the production of β-carotene in plant in vitro cultures, with particular focus on culture conditions, precursor feeding and elicitation, and the application of metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Almagro
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Correa-Sabater
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sabater-Jara
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pedreño
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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19
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Wu J, Fan J, Li Y, Cao K, Chen C, Wang X, Fang W, Zhu G, Wang L. Characterizing of carotenoid diversity in peach fruits affected by the maturation and varieties. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Bieniek A, Lachowicz-Wiśniewska S, Bojarska J. The Bioactive Profile, Nutritional Value, Health Benefits and Agronomic Requirements of Cherry Silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.): A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092719. [PMID: 35566071 PMCID: PMC9101257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cherry silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.) is a lesser-known plant species with high nutritional and therapeutic potential. Cherry silverberry contains numerous biologically active compounds. The cherry silverberry is a shrub growing up to 3 m. Its drupe-like fruit is ellipsoidal, up to 1 cm long, and set on stems. It is red in color, juicy, and sour, and its taste resembles that of red currants. According to the literature, cherry silverberry fruit contains carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids, as well as vitamin C, in addition to biominerals, polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols, which contribute to its high nutritional value. New biotypes of cherry silverberry cultivated in Poland can be used for the production of functional foods and direct consumption. In China, the cherry silverberry, known as goumi, has been used as a medicinal plant and a natural remedy for cough, diarrhea, itch, foul sores, and, even, cancer. This review article summarizes the scant research findings on the nutritional and therapeutic benefits of cherry silverberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bieniek
- Department of Agroecosystems and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 21 Street, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Sabina Lachowicz-Wiśniewska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, Nowy Świat 4 Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
- Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Słowackiego 17 Street, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: or
| | - Justyna Bojarska
- Chair of Food Plant Chemistry and Processing, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Cieszyński Sq. 1 Street, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
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21
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Saini RK, Prasad P, Lokesh V, Shang X, Shin J, Keum YS, Lee JH. Carotenoids: Dietary Sources, Extraction, Encapsulation, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits-A Review of Recent Advancements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040795. [PMID: 35453480 PMCID: PMC9025559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural carotenoids (CARs), viz. β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, bixin, norbixin, capsanthin, lycopene, canthaxanthin, β-Apo-8-carotenal, zeaxanthin, and β-apo-8-carotenal-ester, are being studied as potential candidates in fields such as food, feed, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. CAR research is advancing in the following three major fields: (1) CAR production from natural sources and optimization of its downstream processing; (2) encapsulation for enhanced physical and chemical properties; and (3) preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies of CARs’ health benefits. This review critically discusses the recent developments in studies of the chemistry and antioxidant activity, marketing trends, dietary sources, extraction, bioaccessibility and bioavailability, encapsulation methods, dietary intake, and health benefits of CARs. Preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies on cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disease, mental health, eye, and skin health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Parchuri Prasad
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Veeresh Lokesh
- Biocontrol Laboratory, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote 587104, India;
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Olmedilla-Alonso B, Granado-Lorencio F, de Ancos B, Sánchez-Moreno C, Martín-Belloso O, Blanco I, Herrero-Barbudo C, Elez-Martínez P, Plaza L, Cano MP. Greater bioavailability of xanthophylls compared to carotenes from orange juice (high-pressure processed, pulsed electric field treated, low-temperature pasteurised, and freshly squeezed) in a crossover study in healthy individuals. Food Chem 2022; 371:130821. [PMID: 34628251 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of the intake of orange juice provided freshly squeezed (FS) or processed using low-temperature pasteurisation (LP), high-pressure processing (HPP), or pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the serum carotenoid concentrations of 12 healthy individuals, aged 20-32 years, enrolled in a crossover study. Participants were instructed to consume 500 ml of orange juice/day for 14 days. Carotenoid concentrations in the orange juice as well as serum samples retrieved on days 7 and 14 were analysed via HPLC. A significant increase in serum xanthophyll concentrations, but not serum carotenes, was observed, with the highest increase in α- and β-cryptoxanthin. The processing technologies applied appeared to affect serum carotenoid concentrations, with concentrations being similar in the HPP and FS orange juice types. As high variability in serum carotenoid concentrations was observed, the effect of different technologies on serum carotenoid concentration warrants further studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Begoña de Ancos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Department of Characterisation, Quality and Safety, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Sánchez-Moreno
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Department of Characterisation, Quality and Safety, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Martín-Belloso
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida - Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Blanco
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Unidad de Vitaminas, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Herrero-Barbudo
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Unidad de Vitaminas, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Elez-Martínez
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida - Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Lucía Plaza
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Department of Characterisation, Quality and Safety, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Department of Characterisation, Quality and Safety, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on commercial quality parameters, carotenoids, phenolics and sugars of the black cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ʽSunchocolaʼ. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Yu YH, Wang L, Zhang Q, Zhang XN, Zhao XH. Activities of the soluble and non-digestible longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) polysaccharides against HCT-116 cells as affected by a chemical selenylation. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1071-1083. [PMID: 35799859 PMCID: PMC9253915 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble and non-digestible longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) polysaccharides (LP) with Se content less than 0.01 g/kg were extracted and selenylated chemically with the HNO3–Na2SeO3 system, to prepare two selenylated products namely SeLP1 and SeLP2 with enhanced Se contents of 1.46 and 4.79 g/kg, respectively. LP, SeLP1, and SeLP2 were then measured and compared for their saccharide features and bioactivity in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells. Compared with LP, both SeLP1 and SeLP2 contained more neutral saccharides, but showed reduced uronic acid content and undetectable sulfate. Moreover, SeLP1 and especially SeLP2 in the cells showed higher activities than LP, reflected by their enhanced capacity to inhibit cell growth, alter cell morphology, and suppress cell colony formation. Compared with LP, SeLP1 and especially SeLP2 were also more capable of promoting intracellular reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ levels, causing mitochondrial membrane potential loss, or inducing cell apoptosis via up- and down-regulating the eight apoptosis-related genes and proteins. Overall, the performed chemical selenylation of LP resulted in obvious changes in these saccharide features and simultaneously enhanced the anti-cancer activity of the selenylated products against the cells clearly, while a higher selenylation extent of the selenylated products consistently caused higher activity towards the cells. The results of this study thus highlighted that this chemical selenylation is applicable when aiming to enhance the bioactivities of natural polysaccharides. Chemical selenylation of longan polysaccharides causes Se conjugation covalently. The selenylated polysaccharides have changes in saccharide features and sulfate. The selenylated polysaccharides have higher activities to HCT-116 cells. Higher polysaccharide selenylation consistently leads to activity increase in cells.
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25
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Analysis of geometrical isomers of dietary carotenoids. Methods Enzymol 2022; 670:369-398. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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AMORIM IS, ALMEIDA MCS, CHAVES RPF, CHISTÉ RC. Technological applications and color stability of carotenoids extracted from selected Amazonian fruits. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Olmedilla-Alonso B, Benítez-González AM, Estévez-Santiago R, Mapelli-Brahm P, Stinco CM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Assessment of Food Sources and the Intake of the Colourless Carotenoids Phytoene and Phytofluene in Spain. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124436. [PMID: 34959988 PMCID: PMC8706092 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoene (PT) and phytofluene (PTF), colorless carotenoids, have largely been ignored in food science studies, food technology, and nutrition. However, they are present in commonly consumed foods and may have health-promotion effects and possible uses as cosmetics. The goal of this study is to assess the most important food sources of PT and PTF and their dietary intakes in a representative sample of the adult Spanish population. A total of 62 food samples were analyzed (58 fruit and vegetables; seven items with different varieties/color) and carotenoid data of four foods (three fruits and one processed food) were compiled. PT concentration was higher than that of PTF in all the foods analyzed. The highest PT content was found in carrot, apricot, commercial tomato juice, and orange (7.3, 2.8, 2.0, and 1.1 mg/100 g, respectively). The highest PTF level was detected in carrots, commercial tomato sauce and canned tomato, apricot, and orange juice (1.7, 1.2, 1.0, 0.6, and 0.04 mg/100 g, respectively). The daily intakes of PT and PTF were 1.89 and 0.47 mg/person/day, respectively. The major contributors to the dietary intake of PT (98%) and PTF (73%) were: carrot, tomato, orange/orange juice, apricot, and watermelon. PT and PTF are mainly supplied by vegetables (81% and 69%, respectively). Considering the color of the edible part of the foods analyzed (fruit, vegetables, sauces, and beverages), the major contributor to the daily intake of PT and PTF (about 98%) were of red/orange color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.O.-A.); (A.J.M.-M.)
| | - Ana M. Benítez-González
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-G.); (P.M.-B.); (C.M.S.)
| | | | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-G.); (P.M.-B.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Carla M. Stinco
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-G.); (P.M.-B.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-G.); (P.M.-B.); (C.M.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.O.-A.); (A.J.M.-M.)
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28
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Cangussu LB, Fronza P, Franca AS, Oliveira LS. Chemical Characterization and Bioaccessibility Assessment of Bioactive Compounds from Umbu ( Spondias tuberosa A.) Fruit Peel and Pulp Flours. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112597. [PMID: 34828884 PMCID: PMC8617674 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbu, a common fruit from the northeastern region of Brazil, contains many bioactive compounds not yet exploited. Thus, this study evaluated the potential of pulps and peels of mature and semi-mature umbu as a source of bioactive compounds. Trigonelline contents ranged from 1.75 to 6.14 mg/100 g, values higher than those of many vegetables described in the literature, such as corn and barley. The contents of extractable and non-extractable phenolic compounds were also higher than those of other vegetables. Bioaccessibility of total extractable phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins was determined (15.67–37.73%, 31.87–39.10% and 18.81–114.27%, respectively). The constituent polysaccharides of the pulp and peel were tentatively chemically characterized as arabinoxylans, arabinogalactans, rhamnoarabinogalactans, xyloglucans, and pectin of the rhamnogalacturonan type. The technological potential of peel flours was evaluated. The maturation advancement showed no significant changes in the technological properties of the flours, except for color and water solubility index. Results indicated excellent prospects for future research on umbu pulps and peels as potential sources of natural bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís B. Cangussu
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (P.F.); (L.S.O.)
| | - Pãmella Fronza
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (P.F.); (L.S.O.)
| | - Adriana S. Franca
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (P.F.); (L.S.O.)
- DEMEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-34093512
| | - Leandro S. Oliveira
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (P.F.); (L.S.O.)
- DEMEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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29
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Mapelli-Brahm P. The undercover colorless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene: Importance in agro-food and health in the Green Deal era and possibilities for innovation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Fernandes AS, Nascimento TC, Pinheiro PN, Vendruscolo RG, Wagner R, de Rosso VV, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ. Bioaccessibility of microalgae-based carotenoids and their association with the lipid matrix. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110596. [PMID: 34507741 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The composition of microalgae can contribute to nutritious and functional diets. Among the functional compounds, carotenoids are in focus since positive effects on human health have been established, which are in turn related to their bioaccessibility. In addition to essential nutrients, our hypothesis was that microalgae biomasses could be used as sources of bioaccessible carotenoids. Thus, this study determined for the first time the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from biomass of Scenedesmus bijuga and Chlorella sorokiniana and their possible relationship with the lipid composition of the matrix. The samples were submitted to in vitro digestion protocol, and carotenoids were determined by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. Individual bioaccessibility of carotenoids was ≥ 3.25%. In general, compounds in their cis conformation were more bioaccessible than trans; and total carotenes more than total xanthophylls. Twelve compounds were bioaccessible from the biomass of S. bijuga, and eight in C. sorokiniana. In S. bijuga, the bioaccessibility of total carotenoids was 7.30%, and the major bioaccessible carotenoids were 9-cis-β-carotene (43.78%), 9-cis-zeaxanthin (42.30%) followed by 9-cis-lutein (26.73%); while in C. sorokiniana, the total bioaccessibility was 8.03%, and 9-cis-β-carotene (26.18%), all-trans-β-carotene (13.56%), followed by 13-cis-lutein (10.71%) were the major compounds. Overall, the total content of lipids does not influence the bioaccessibility of total carotenoids. Still, the lipid composition, including structural characteristics such as degree of saturation and chain length of the fatty acid, impacts the promotion of individual bioaccessibility of carotenes and xanthophylls of microalgae. Finally, the results of this study can assist the development of microalgae-based functional food ingredients and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrêssa S Fernandes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiele C Nascimento
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pricila N Pinheiro
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel G Vendruscolo
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Veridiana V de Rosso
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Santos 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Q Zepka
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil.
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31
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Moltedo A, Álvarez-Sánchez C, Grande F, Charrondiere UR. The complexity of producing and interpreting dietary vitamin A statistics. J Food Compost Anal 2021; 100:103926. [PMID: 34219918 PMCID: PMC8140404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
38 of 90 food composition tables reviewed report total vitamin A values poorly. Only 9 tables provide total vitamin A values expressed in both RE and RAE. 25 tables provide enough information to calculate total vitamin A in RE and RAE. Consensus on the conversion of pro-vitamin A carotenoids to retinol is needed. Vitamin A adequacy ratios vary with the unit of intake and source of requirements.
Producing, reporting, and interpreting vitamin A statistics present multiple challenges largely attributable to the systems of equivalence used to convert pro-vitamin A carotenoids into retinol equivalents, and to the criteria used by institutions to set recommendations. This study describes the information on total vitamin A, retinol and provitamin A carotenoids available in 90 food composition tables/databases (FCTs/FCDBs). It also evaluates the effect of the definition of vitamin A intake (Retinol Equivalents [RE] or Retinol Activity Equivalents [RAE]) and the source of requirements on the potential contribution of dietary intake to the population’s requirements. We found that 43 percent of the FCTs/FCDBs reviewed, many of them from high-income countries, do not provide total vitamin A or sufficient information for computing it, or present inconsistencies between the metadata and the published values; 9 percent publish total vitamin A in RE and RAE; and 28 percent provide information on retinol and provitamin A carotenoids that enables calculating total vitamin A in both definitions. Vitamin A adequacy ratios are lowest when the consumption unit is RAE and the source of requirements is the US Health and Medicine Division. When the consumption definition is RE, adequacy ratios are higher using FAO/WHO than EFSA requirements. It is imperative to reach consensus on the system of conversion of provitamin A carotenoids into retinol equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moltedo
- Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Álvarez-Sánchez
- Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernanda Grande
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - U Ruth Charrondiere
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
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32
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Assessment of dietary intake of bioactive food compounds according to income level in the Brazilian population. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1232-1239. [PMID: 34100352 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is an inverse association between bioactive compounds intake and disease risk. The knowledge of its consumption according to socio-economic strata is important, which allows identification of potential intervention targets. Thus, we aimed to investigate bioactive compounds intake according to income level in Brazilian population. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey, a cross-sectional survey which included data on individual food intake of 34,003 subjects aged 10 years and over collected using two 24-h dietary records. Polyphenol and carotenoid content of foods was identified using published databases. Total polyphenol and carotenoid intake were determined according to per capita income, as well as main food sources. Total polyphenols and flavonoids intake increased with income level, and subjects with lower income showed higher phenolic acids intake than individuals in highest income (p = 0.0001). Total carotenoids and classes intake (with exception to β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin) were higher among subjects in highest income quartile, compared to the lowest quartile (p = 0.0001). Coffee was major source to total polyphenols and phenolic acids intake, and orange juice was main flavonoid provider in individuals from all income levels. In the upper income quartile, total carotenoid was supplied mainly by tomato and kale, and fruits had important contribution to carotenoid intake in the lowest income quartile. There is important influence of income level on diet quality regarding intake of foods with bioactive compounds, and individuals with lower income may experience lower quality diets due to less availability of foods with bioactive compounds.
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33
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Dias MG, Borge GIA, Kljak K, Mandić AI, Mapelli-Brahm P, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Pintea AM, Ravasco F, Tumbas Šaponjac V, Sereikaitė J, Vargas-Murga L, Vulić JJ, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. European Database of Carotenoid Levels in Foods. Factors Affecting Carotenoid Content. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050912. [PMID: 33919309 PMCID: PMC8143354 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies indicate that diets including carotenoid-rich foods have positive effects on human health. Some of these compounds are precursors of the essential nutrient vitamin A. The present work is aimed at implementing a database of carotenoid contents of foods available in the European market. Factors affecting carotenoid content were also discussed. Analytical data available in peer-reviewed scientific literature from 1990 to 2018 and obtained by HPLC/UHPLC were considered. The database includes foods classified according to the FoodEx2 system and will benefit compilers, nutritionists and other professionals in areas related to food and human health. The results show the importance of food characterization to ensure its intercomparability, as large variations in carotenoid levels are observed between species and among varieties/cultivars/landraces. This highlights the significance of integrating nutritional criteria into agricultural choices and of promoting biodiversity. The uncertainty quantification associated with the measurements of the carotenoid content was very rarely evaluated in the literature consulted. According to the EuroFIR data quality evaluation system for food composition tables, the total data quality index mean was 24 in 35, reflecting efforts by researchers in the analytical methods, and less resources in the sampling plan documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Graça Dias
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Grethe Iren A. Borge
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, NO 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Kristina Kljak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anamarija I. Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | | | - Adela M. Pintea
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Francisco Ravasco
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.T.Š.); (J.J.V.)
| | - Jolanta Sereikaitė
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | | | - Jelena J. Vulić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.T.Š.); (J.J.V.)
| | - Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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34
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Lee YH, Yoon SY, Baek J, Kim SJ, Yu JS, Kang H, Kang KS, Chung SJ, Kim KH. Metabolite Profile of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids of Bitter Melon (Fruit of Momordica charantia) and Their Inhibitory Activity against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Relevant to Insulin Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1816-1830. [PMID: 33406828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative analysis of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids of bitter melon (fruit of Momordica charantia L.) using ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed 27 promising cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, and LC/MS-guided chemical analysis of M. charantia fruit extract led to the isolation and structural characterization of 22 cucurbitane-type triterpenoids (1-22), including 8 new cucurbitane-type triterpenoidal saponins, yeojoosides A-H (1-8). The structures of the new compounds (1-8) were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Their absolute configurations were assigned by quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism calculations, chemical reactions, and DP4+ analysis using gauge-including atomic orbital NMR chemical shift calculations. All isolated compounds (1-22) were examined for inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatases relevant to insulin resistance. Nine compounds (7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 19, 20, and 21) showed selective inhibitory effects of over 70% against PTPN2. The present results suggested that these compounds would be potential antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hoon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju 62396, Korea
| | - Jiyun Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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35
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Böhm V, Borge GIA, Cano MP, Fikselová M, Gruskiene R, Lavelli V, Loizzo MR, Mandić AI, Brahm PM, Mišan AČ, Pintea AM, Sereikaitė J, Vargas-Murga L, Vlaisavljević SS, Vulić JJ, O'Brien NM. Carotenoids: Considerations for Their Use in Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, Nutricosmetics, Supplements, Botanicals, and Novel Foods in the Context of Sustainability, Circular Economy, and Climate Change. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:433-460. [PMID: 33467905 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062220-013218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are versatile isoprenoids that are important in food quality and health promotion. There is a need to establish recommended dietary intakes/nutritional reference values for carotenoids. Research on carotenoids in agro-food and health is being propelled by the two multidisciplinary international networks, the Ibero-American Network for the Study of Carotenoids as Functional Foods Ingredients (IBERCAROT; http://www.cyted.org) and the European Network to Advance Carotenoid Research and Applications in Agro-Food and Health (EUROCAROTEN; http://www.eurocaroten.eu). In this review, considerations for their safe and sustainable use in products mostly intended for health promotion are provided. Specifically, information about sources, intakes, and factors affecting bioavailability is summarized. Furthermore, their health-promoting actions and importance in public health in relation to the contribution of reducing the risk of diverse ailments are synthesized. Definitions and regulatory and safety information for carotenoid-containing products are provided. Lastly, recent trends in research in the context of sustainable healthy diets are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Bioactive Plant Products Research Group, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - M Pilar Cano
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Fikselová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ruta Gruskiene
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vera Lavelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Anamarija I Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Paula Mapelli Brahm
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Č Mišan
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Adela M Pintea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jolanta Sereikaitė
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Sanja S Vlaisavljević
- Departmant of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena J Vulić
- Department of Applied and Engineering Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nora M O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Cork, Ireland
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36
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Mandić AI, Bantis F, Böhm V, Borge GIA, Brnčić M, Bysted A, Cano MP, Dias MG, Elgersma A, Fikselová M, García-Alonso J, Giuffrida D, Gonçalves VSS, Hornero-Méndez D, Kljak K, Lavelli V, Manganaris GA, Mapelli-Brahm P, Marounek M, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Periago-Castón MJ, Pintea A, Sheehan JJ, Tumbas Šaponjac V, Valšíková-Frey M, Meulebroek LV, O'Brien N. A comprehensive review on carotenoids in foods and feeds: status quo, applications, patents, and research needs. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:1999-2049. [PMID: 33399015 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoids widely distributed in foods that have been always part of the diet of humans. Unlike the other so-called food bioactives, some carotenoids can be converted into retinoids exhibiting vitamin A activity, which is essential for humans. Furthermore, they are much more versatile as they are relevant in foods not only as sources of vitamin A, but also as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Lately, they are also attracting interest in the context of nutricosmetics, as they have been shown to provide cosmetic benefits when ingested in appropriate amounts. In this work, resulting from the collaborative work of participants of the COST Action European network to advance carotenoid research and applications in agro-food and health (EUROCAROTEN, www.eurocaroten.eu, https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA15136/#tabs|Name:overview) research on carotenoids in foods and feeds is thoroughly reviewed covering aspects such as analysis, carotenoid food sources, carotenoid databases, effect of processing and storage conditions, new trends in carotenoid extraction, daily intakes, use as human, and feed additives are addressed. Furthermore, classical and recent patents regarding the obtaining and formulation of carotenoids for several purposes are pinpointed and briefly discussed. Lastly, emerging research lines as well as research needs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anamarija I Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Filippos Bantis
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Grethe Iren A Borge
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mladen Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anette Bysted
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Graça Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Martina Fikselová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristina Kljak
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Lavelli
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George A Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Adela Pintea
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nora O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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37
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Petry FC, Mercadante AZ. Addition of either gastric lipase or cholesterol esterase to improve both β-cryptoxanthin ester hydrolysis and micellarization during in vitro digestion of fruit pulps. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109691. [PMID: 33233265 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using the INFOGEST in vitro digestion protocol adapted to carotenoids, the impact of additional rabbit gastric lipase (RGL) on the hydrolysis extent of β-cryptoxanthin esters was evaluated for the first time, and compared with the addition of porcine cholesterol esterase (CEL). Both the modifications increased the hydrolysis of (all-E)-β-cryptoxanthin esters from mandarin and peach pulps, although the outcomes were different. Addition of RGL consistently increased the average hydrolysis extent from 55.2% to 59.5% in mandarin pulp and from 22.7% to 48.8% in peach pulp (p < 0.05). The addition of CEL produced lower hydrolysis extents, i.e., 58.5% in mandarin (not statistically significant) and 28.4% in peach (p < 0.05), compared to those obtained with RGL. The hydrolysis extent positively correlated with the carotenoid ester concentration in both matrices. Bioaccessibility values were higher in mandarin pulp (range 32-34%) compared to those in peach pulp (range 16-21%), and were associated with the hydrolysis extent of the carotenoid esters during digestion. Addition of RGL and CEL produced no significant (p < 0.05) effect on the overall carotenoid bioaccessibility values of mandarin, while positively affected those in peach. Altogether these results corroborate that the hydrolysis extent of xanthophyll esters limits bioaccessibility. Additionally, hydrophobicity of the carotenoid inversely correlates with micellarization, as free (all-E)-xanthophylls micellarized in a higher extent compared to (all-E)-β-carotene and xanthophyll esters. The new information of our results is that the addition of rabbit gastric lipase substantially contributes to the hydrolysis of β-cryptoxanthin esters from fruit pulps, and consequently, to increase carotenoid bioaccessibility, being even more effective than CEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane C Petry
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Z Mercadante
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Schulz M, Seraglio SKT, Brugnerotto P, Gonzaga LV, Costa ACO, Fett R. Composition and potential health effects of dark-colored underutilized Brazilian fruits – A review. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Karniel U, Koch A, Zamir D, Hirschberg J. Development of zeaxanthin-rich tomato fruit through genetic manipulations of carotenoid biosynthesis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2292-2303. [PMID: 32320515 PMCID: PMC7589248 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The oxygenated carotenoid zeaxanthin provides numerous benefits to human health due to its antioxidant properties. Especially it is linked to protecting, together with the xanthophyll lutein, the retina in the human eye by filtering harmful blue light thus delaying the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most prevalent cause of blindness in developed countries. Despite its high nutritional value, zeaxanthin is less available than other substantial carotenoids in our diet. To solve this shortage, we chose to develop a new food source that would contain a high concentration of natural zeaxanthin. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was selected as the target plant since it is the second largest vegetable crop grown worldwide and its fruit characteristically synthesizes and accumulates a high concentration of carotenoids. We employed two genetic approaches in order to enhance zeaxanthin biosynthesis in tomato fruit: a transgenic metabolic engineering and classical genetic breeding. A nontransgenic tomato line, named 'Xantomato', was generated whose fruit accumulated zeaxanthin at a concentration of 39 μg/g fresh weight (or 577 μg/g dry weight), which comprised ca. 50% of total fruit carotenoids compared to zero in the wild type. This is the highest concentration of zeaxanthin reached in a primary crop. Xantomato can potentially increase zeaxanthin availability in the human diet and serve as raw material for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Karniel
- Department of GeneticsAlexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Amit Koch
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and GeneticsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Dani Zamir
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and GeneticsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of GeneticsAlexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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Characterization of Andean Blueberry in Bioactive Compounds, Evaluation of Biological Properties, and In Vitro Bioaccessibility. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101483. [PMID: 33080796 PMCID: PMC7602944 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate Andean blueberries (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) from Ecuador as a potential functional ingredient for the food and pharmaceutical industries. The analysis of bioactive compounds by HPLC–DAD–MSn determined a high content of (poly)phenols, mainly anthocyanins, and the presence of the carotenoid lutein. Regarding its biological properties, Andean blueberry did not show toxicity by the zebrafish embryogenesis test, showing also a lack of the antinutrients lectins. Moreover, the results of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity evaluation suggested its possibility to be used as natural antioxidant. This fruit also exhibited antimicrobial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in low doses. Finally, in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion showed a partial bioaccessibility of (poly) phenols (~50% at the final step), showing high antioxidant capacity in the different GI phases. These results revealed Andean blueberry as an interesting candidate for being used as a functional ingredient and the development of further in vivo and clinical assays.
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Mehmood A, Usman M, Patil P, Zhao L, Wang C. A review on management of cardiovascular diseases by olive polyphenols. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4639-4655. [PMID: 32994927 PMCID: PMC7500788 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases have increasingly grown the cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide. Among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the major contributor to deaths. CVDs are common in the urban community population due to the substandard living conditions, which have a significant impact on the healthcare system, and over 23 million human beings are anticipated to suffer from the CVDs before 2030. At the moment, CVD physicians are immediately advancing both primary and secondary prevention modalities in high-risk populations. The cornerstone of CVD prevention is a healthy lifestyle that is more cost-effective than the treatments after disease onset. In fact, in the present scenario, comprehensive research conducted on food plant components is potentially efficacious in reducing some highly prevalent CVD risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Polyphenols of olive oil (OO), virgin olive oil (VOO), and extra virgin olive oil contribute an essential role for the management of CVDs. Olive oil induces cardioprotective effects due to the presence of a plethora of polyphenolic compounds, for example, oleuropein (OL), tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol. The present study examines the bioavailability and absorption of major olive bioactive compounds, for instance, oleacein, oleocanthal, OL, and tyrosol. This review also elucidates the snobbish connection of olive polyphenols (OP) and the potential mechanism involved in combating various CVD results taken up from the in vitro and in vivo studies, such as animal and human model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives School of Food and Chemical Technology Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives School of Food and Chemical Technology Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Prasanna Patil
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives School of Food and Chemical Technology Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives School of Food and Chemical Technology Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives School of Food and Chemical Technology Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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Olmedilla-Alonso B, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Beltrán-de-Miguel B, Estévez-Santiago R. Dietary β-Cryptoxanthin and α-Carotene Have Greater Apparent Bioavailability Than β-Carotene in Subjects from Countries with Different Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2639. [PMID: 32872544 PMCID: PMC7551262 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β-carotene, α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin are greater contributors to vitamin A intake than retinol in the human diet for most people around the world. Their contribution depends on several factors, including bioavailability and capacity of conversion into retinol. There is an increasing body of research showing that the use of retinol activity equivalents or retinol equivalents could lead to the underestimation of the contribution of β-cryptoxanthin and of α-carotene. The aim is to assess their apparent bioavailability by comparing concentrations in blood to their dietary intakes and identifying the major food contributors to their dietary intake. Dietary intake (3-day 24-h records) and serum concentrations (by HPLC) were calculated in normolipemic subjects with adequate retinol status (≥1.1 µmol/L) from our studies (n = 633) and apparent bioavailability calculated from 22 other studies (n = 29,700). Apparent bioavailability was calculated as the ratio of concentration in the blood to carotenoid intake. Apparent bioavailabilities for α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were compared to those for β-carotene. Eating comparable amounts of α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene foods resulted in 55% greater α-carotene (95% CI 35, 90) and 686% higher β-cryptoxanthin (95% CI 556, 1016) concentrations than β-carotene in blood. This suggests differences in the apparent bioavailability of α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin and even larger differences with β-cryptoxanthin, greater than that of β-carotene. Four fruits (tomato, orange, tangerine, red pepper) and two vegetables (carrot, spinach) are the main contributors to their dietary intake (>50%) in Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Beltrán-de-Miguel
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rocío Estévez-Santiago
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Faculty of Experimental Science, Francisco de Vitoria University, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Sánchez-Prieto M, Olmedilla-Alonso B. Assessment of carotenoid concentrations in red peppers ( Capsicum annuum) under domestic refrigeration for three weeks as determined by HPLC-DAD. FOOD CHEMISTRY-X 2020; 6:100092. [PMID: 32514498 PMCID: PMC7267221 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2020.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nine carotenoids, including phytoene and phytofluene, quantified in red pepper. Carotenoid concentrations did not vary significatively after 21 days under refrigeration. The most abundant carotenoids in Lamuyo-peppers were capsanthin, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin.
Red peppers (Capsicum annuum) are rich in carotenoids and are widely grown and consumed all over the world. Today’s consumption patterns are characterized by periodical purchases of food and longer food storage periods, including raw fruits and vegetables, which could have a negative effect on healthy components. This study aims to investigate the individual carotenoid content in Lamuyo-variety red peppers in cool storage (7 °C) for three weeks. Carotenoid concentrations expressed in µg/100g of the edible portion were; lutein (1203), zeaxanthin (853), α-carotene (272), β-carotene (2167), β-cryptoxanthin (525), violaxanthin (770), capsanthin (9667), phytoene (348) and phytofluene (143). Carotenoid concentrations did not significantly vary after 21 days under household refrigeration conditions and thus the nutritional supply of provitamin A carotenoids and of carotenoids with eye health benefits such as lutein and zeaxanthin, as well as others with potential health benefits in humans such as capsanthin, violaxathin, phytoene and phytofluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Complutense, Madrid (28040). VALORNUT Research Group (920030-UCM), Spain
| | - Milagros Sánchez-Prieto
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Beltrán-de-Miguel B, Samaniego-Aguilar KX, Sánchez-Prieto M, Estévez-Santiago R, Olmedilla-Alonso B. Extraction and Analysis by HPLC-DAD of Carotenoids in Human Faeces from Spanish Adults. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E484. [PMID: 32503206 PMCID: PMC7346146 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are bioactive compounds with widely accepted health benefits. Their quantification in human faeces can be a useful non-invasive approach to assess their bioavailability. Identification and quantification of major dietary carotenoids in human faeces was the aim of the present study. Faeces and dietary intake were obtained from 101 healthy adults (45-65 years). Carotenoid concentrations were determined by HPLC in faeces and by 3-day food records in dietary intake. Carotenoids quantified in faeces (µg/g dry weight, median) were: β-carotene (39.5), lycopene (20), lutein (17.5), phytoene (11.4), zeaxanthin (6.3), β-cryptoxanthin (4.5), phytofluene (2.9). α-carotene (5.3) and violaxanthin were found 75.5% and 7.1% of the faeces. The carotenoids found in the highest concentrations corresponded to the ones consumed in the greatest amounts (µg/d): lycopene (13,146), phytoene (2697), β-carotene (1812), lutein+zeaxanthin (1148). Carotenoid concentration in faeces and in dietary intake showed correlation for the total non-provitamin A carotenoids (r = 0.302; p = 0.003), phytoene (r = 0.339; p = 0.001), phytofluene (r = 0.279; p = 0.005), lycopene (0.223; p = 0.027), lutein+zeaxanthin (r = 0.291; p = 0.04) and β-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.323; p = 0.001). A high proportion of dietary carotenoids, especially those with provitamin A activity and some of their isomers, reach the large intestine, suggesting a low bioavailability of their intact forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-R.); (B.B.-d.-M.)
| | - Beatriz Beltrán-de-Miguel
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-R.); (B.B.-d.-M.)
| | - Kerly X. Samaniego-Aguilar
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.X.S.-A.); (M.S.-P.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Milagros Sánchez-Prieto
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.X.S.-A.); (M.S.-P.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Rocío Estévez-Santiago
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.X.S.-A.); (M.S.-P.); (R.E.-S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.X.S.-A.); (M.S.-P.); (R.E.-S.)
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Lachowicz S, Kapusta I, Świeca M, Stinco CM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Bieniek A. In Vitro Biological Activities of Fruits and Leaves of Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. and Their Isoprenoids and Polyphenolics Profile. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050436. [PMID: 32429578 PMCID: PMC7278795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was in-depth identification of carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds in leaves and fruits of Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. An additional aim was to assay their antioxidant and in vitro biological activities (the ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase activity) of two cultivars: ‘Sweet Scarlet’ and ‘Jahidka’. Study results showed the presence of 70 bioactive compounds, including 20 isoprenoids and 50 polyphenols. The profile of identified bioactive compounds had not been examined in this respect until now. The total carotenoid, chlorophyll, and polyphenol levels and antioxidant activity of the foliar samples were virtually identical in both cultivars and clearly higher relative to those in the fruits. On the other hand, the ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase activity of the fruits was clearly higher as compared to the leaves. The highest amount of phenolic acids, flavonols, and polymeric procyanidins was in the ‘Sweet Scarlet’ for fruit and leaves, while the highest amount of chlorophylls and carotenoids was in the ‘Jahidka’. The inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase activities appeared to be better correlated with the carotenoid content, which warrants further studies of the possible anti-diabetic and anti-obesity actions of the major carotenoids found in the fruits (lycopene, phytoene, and lutein). In addition, strong correlation between antioxidant activity and phenols of E. multiflora Thunb. components can be effective in removing reactive oxygen species. The results of our study show that both the fruits and leaves of E. multiflora Thunb. can be important for health promotion through the diet and for innovating in the industry of functional food and (nutri)cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lachowicz
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, Rzeszow University, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Carla M. Stinco
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.M.S.); (A.J.M.-M.)
| | - Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.M.S.); (A.J.M.-M.)
| | - Anna Bieniek
- Department of Horticulture, University of Warmia and Mazury, Prawocheńskiego 21, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Mapelli-Brahm P, Barba FJ, Remize F, Garcia C, Fessard A, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Sant'Ana AS, Lorenzo JM, Montesano D, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. The impact of fermentation processes on the production, retention and bioavailability of carotenoids: An overview. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Cataldo VF, Arenas N, Salgado V, Camilo C, Ibáñez F, Agosin E. Heterologous production of the epoxycarotenoid violaxanthin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2020; 59:53-63. [PMID: 32001334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbial production of carotenoids has mainly focused towards a few products, such as β-carotene, lycopene and astaxanthin. However, other less explored carotenoids, like violaxanthin, have also shown unique properties and promissory applications. Violaxanthin is a plant-derived epoxidated carotenoid with strong antioxidant activity and a key precursor of valuable compounds, such as fucoxanthin and β-damascenone. In this study, we report for the first time the heterologous production of epoxycarotenoids in yeast. We engineered the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae following multi-level strategies for the efficient accumulation of violaxanthin. Starting from a β-carotenogenic yeast strain, we first evaluated the performance of several β-carotene hydroxylases (CrtZ), and zeaxanthin epoxidases (ZEP) from different species, together with their respective N-terminal truncated variants. The combined expression of CrtZ from Pantoea ananatis and truncated ZEP of Haematococcus lacustris showed the best performance and led to a yield of 1.6 mg/gDCW of violaxanthin. Further improvement of the epoxidase activity was achieved by promoting the transfer of reducing equivalents to ZEP by expressing several redox partner systems. The co-expression of the plant truncated ferredoxin-3, and truncated root ferredoxin oxidoreductase-1 resulted in a 2.2-fold increase in violaxanthin yield (3.2 mg/gDCW). Finally, increasing gene copy number of carotenogenic genes enabled reaching a final production of 7.3 mg/gDCW in shake flask cultures and batch bioreactors, which is the highest yield of microbially produced violaxanthin reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente F Cataldo
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Arenas
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Salgado
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Conrado Camilo
- Centro de Aromas y Sabores, DICTUC S.A., Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Ibáñez
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Agosin
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Aromas y Sabores, DICTUC S.A., Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
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Ahad H, Jin H, Liu Y, Wang J, Sun G, Liang X, Akber Aisa H. Chemical profiling of spermidines in goji berry by strong cation exchange solid-phase extraction (SCX-SPE) combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1137:121923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Elvira-Torales LI, García-Alonso J, Periago-Castón MJ. Nutritional Importance of Carotenoids and Their Effect on Liver Health: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070229. [PMID: 31330977 PMCID: PMC6681007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of carotenoids has beneficial effects on health, reducing the risk of certain forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and macular degeneration, among others. The mechanism of action of carotenoids has not been clearly identified; however, it has been associated with the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids, which acts against reactive oxygen species and inactivating free radicals, although it has also been shown that carotenoids modulate gene expression. Dietary carotenoids are absorbed and accumulated in the liver and other organs, where they exert their beneficial effects. In recent years, it has been described that the intake of carotenoids can significantly reduce the risk of suffering from liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This disease is characterized by an imbalance in lipid metabolism producing the accumulation of fat in the hepatocyte, leading to lipoperoxidation, followed by oxidative stress and inflammation. In the first phases, the main treatment of NAFLD is to change the lifestyle, including dietary habits. In this sense, carotenoids have been shown to have a hepatoprotective effect due to their ability to reduce oxidative stress and regulate the lipid metabolism of hepatocytes by modulating certain genes. The objective of this review was to provide a description of the effects of dietary carotenoids from fruits and vegetables on liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inés Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Food Engineering, Tierra Blanca Superior Technological Institute, Tierra Blanca 95180, Mexico.
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Periago-Castón
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Stinco CM, Szczepańska J, Marszałek K, Pinto CA, Inácio RS, Mapelli-Brahm P, Barba FJ, Lorenzo JM, Saraiva JA, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Effect of high-pressure processing on carotenoids profile, colour, microbial and enzymatic stability of cloudy carrot juice. Food Chem 2019; 299:125112. [PMID: 31299521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to assess the impact of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the carotenoid profile, colour as well as the microbial and enzymatic stability of cloudy carrot juice. The predominant carotenoids in the fresh juices were by far the provitamin A carotenoids β-carotene and α-carotene. Others were ζ-carotene, phytofluene, phytoene and lutein. HPP at 300 MPa in three cycles caused the highest carotenoids degradation (41%) whereas the lowest degradation (26%) was achieved at 600 MPa. The highest inactivation of POD (31%) and PPO (57%) was achieved with 600 MPa and 300 MPa applied in three cycles, respectively what indicates that POD is more responsible for carotenoids degradation. The colour differences (ΔE*ab) between fresh juice and HPP-treated juices ranged from 3.02 to 4.15 CIELAB units. As far as the impact on microorganism was concerned, there was a clear trend between the applied pressure and the microbial reduction achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Stinco
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, Facultad de Farmacia, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Justyna Szczepańska
- Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Carlos A Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita S Inácio
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, Facultad de Farmacia, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, Facultad de Farmacia, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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