1
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Erpenbeck A, Gull E, Cohen G. Shaping Electronic Flows with Strongly Correlated Physics. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10480-10489. [PMID: 37955307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium quantum transport is of central importance in nanotechnology. Its description requires the understanding of strong electronic correlations that couple atomic-scale phenomena to the nanoscale. So far, research in correlated transport has focused predominantly on few-channel transport, precluding the investigation of cross-scale effects. Recent theoretical advances enable the solution of models that capture the interplay between quantum correlations and confinement beyond a few channels. This problem is the focus of this study. We consider an atomic impurity embedded in a metallic nanosheet spanning two leads, showing that transport is significantly altered by tuning only the phase of a single local hopping parameter. Furthermore─depending on this phase─correlations reshape the electronic flow throughout the sheet, either funneling it through the impurity or scattering it away from a much larger region. This demonstrates the potential for quantum correlations to bridge length scales in the design of nanoelectronic devices and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Erpenbeck
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Emanuel Gull
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Raymond and Beverley Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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2
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Cai ZY, Ma ZW, Wu WK, Lin JD, Pei LQ, Wang JZ, Wu TR, Jin S, Wu DY, Tian ZQ. Stereoelectronic Switches of Single-Molecule Junctions through Conformation-Modulated Intramolecular Coupling Approaches. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9539-9547. [PMID: 37856238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Stereoelectronic effects in single-molecule junctions have been widely utilized to achieve a molecular switch, but high-efficiency and reproducible switching remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate that there are three stable intramolecular conformations in the 9,10-diphenyl-9,10-methanoanthracen-11-one (DPMAO) systems due to steric effect. Interestingly, different electronic coupling approaches including weak coupling (through-space), decoupling, and strong coupling (through-bond) between two terminal benzene rings are accomplished in the three stable conformations, respectively. Theoretical calculations show that the molecular conductance of three stable conformations differs by more than 1 order of magnitude. Furthermore, the populations of the three stable conformations are highly dependent on the solvent effect and the external electric field. Therefore, an excellent molecular switch can be achieved using the DPMAO molecule junctions and external stimuli. Our findings reveal that modulating intramolecular electronic coupling approaches may be a useful manner to enable molecular switches with high switching ratios. This opens up a new route for building high-efficiency molecular switches in single-molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Yun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-De Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jia-Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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3
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Li L, Prindle CR, Shi W, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. Radical Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18182-18204. [PMID: 37555594 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Radicals are unique molecular systems for applications in electronic devices due to their open-shell electronic structures. Radicals can function as good electrical conductors and switches in molecular circuits while also holding great promise in the field of molecular spintronics. However, it is both challenging to create stable, persistent radicals and to understand their properties in molecular junctions. The goal of this Perspective is to address this dual challenge by providing design principles for the synthesis of stable radicals relevant to molecular junctions, as well as offering current insight into the electronic properties of radicals in single-molecule devices. By exploring both the chemical and physical properties of established radical systems, we will facilitate increased exploration and development of radical-based molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Claudia R Prindle
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wanzhuo Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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4
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Tan Y, Li J, Li S, Yang H, Chi T, Shiring SB, Liu K, Savoie BM, Boudouris BW, Schroeder CM. Enhanced Electron Transport in Nonconjugated Radical Oligomers Occurs by Tunneling. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37384632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating temperature- and air-stable organic radical species into molecular designs is a potentially advantageous means of controlling the properties of electronic materials. However, we still lack a complete understanding of the structure-property relationships of organic radical species at the molecular level. In this work, the charge transport properties of (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) radical-containing nonconjugated molecules are studied using single-molecule charge transport experiments and molecular modeling. Importantly, the TEMPO pendant groups promote temperature-independent molecular charge transport in the tunneling region relative to the quenched and closed-shell phenyl pendant groups. Results from molecular modeling show that the TEMPO radicals interact with the gold metal electrodes near the interface to facilitate a high-conductance conformation. Overall, the large enhancement of charge transport by incorporation of open-shell species into a single nonconjugated molecular component opens exciting avenues for implementing molecular engineering in the development of next-generation electronic devices based on novel nonconjugated radical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jialing Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Songsong Li
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hao Yang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Teng Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Stephen B Shiring
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kangying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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5
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Chelli Y, Sandhu S, Daaoub AHS, Sangtarash S, Sadeghi H. Controlling Spin Interference in Single Radical Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3748-3753. [PMID: 37071608 PMCID: PMC10176569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) dominates the electronic properties of single molecules even at room temperature and can lead to a large change in their electrical conductance. To take advantage of this for nanoelectronic applications, a mechanism to electronically control QI in single molecules needs to be developed. In this paper, we demonstrate that controlling the quantum interference of each spin in a stable open-shell organic radical with a large π-system is possible by changing the spin state of the radical. We show that the counterintuitive constructive spin interference in a meta-connected radical changes to destructive interference by changing the spin state of the radical from a doublet to a singlet. This results in a significant change in the room temperature electrical conductance by several orders of magnitude, opening up new possibilities for spin interference based molecular switches for energy storage and conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia Chelli
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Sandhu
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Abdalghani H. S. Daaoub
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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6
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Yang X, Hou S, Su M, Zhan Q, Zhang H, Quintero SM, Liu X, Liu J, Hong W, Casado J, Wu Q, Lambert CJ, Zheng Y. Quasi-Free Electron States Responsible for Single-Molecule Conductance Enhancement in Stable Radical. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4004-4010. [PMID: 37083476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable organic radicals, which possess half-filled orbitals in the vicinity of the Fermi energy, are promising candidates for electronic devices. In this Letter, using a combination of scanning-tunneling-microscopy-based break junction (STM-BJ) experiments and quantum transport theory, a stable fluorene-based radical is investigated. We demonstrate that the transport properties of a series of fluorene derivatives can be tuned by controlling the degree of localization of certain orbitals. More specifically, radical 36-FR has a delocalized half-filled orbital resulting in Breit-Wigner resonances, leading to an unprecedented conductance enhancement of 2 orders of magnitude larger than the neutral nonradical counterpart (36-FOH). In other words, conversion from a closed-shell fluorene derivative to the free radical in 36-FR opens an electron transport path which massively enhances the conductance. This new understanding of the role of radicals in single-molecule junctions opens up a novel design strategy for single-molecule-based spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhou Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Meiling Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xia-men University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergio M Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xia-men University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xia-men University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
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7
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Recent Advances of Stable Phenoxyl Diradicals. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-3012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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8
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De Sousa JA, Pfattner R, Gutiérrez D, Jutglar K, Bromley ST, Veciana J, Rovira C, Mas-Torrent M, Fabre B, Crivillers N. Stable Organic Radical for Enhancing Metal-Monolayer-Semiconductor Junction Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4635-4642. [PMID: 36642951 PMCID: PMC9949700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of monolayers based on an organic radical and its diamagnetic counterpart has been pursued on hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces. The functional monolayers have been investigated as solid-state metal/monolayer/semiconductor (MmS) junctions showing a characteristic diode behavior which is tuned by the electronic characteristics of the organic molecule. The eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal is used as a top electrode to perform the transport measurements and the results clearly indicate that the SOMO-SUMO molecular orbitals impact the device performance. The junction incorporating the radical shows an almost two orders of magnitude higher rectification ratio (R(|J1V/J-1V|) = 104.04) in comparison with the nonradical one (R(|J1V/J-1V|) = 102.30). The high stability of the fabricated MmS allows the system to be interrogated under irradiation, evidencing that at the wavelength where the photon energy is close to the band gap of the radical there is a clear enhancement of the photoresponse. This is translated into an increase of the photosensitivity (Sph) value from 68.7 to 269.0 mA/W for the nonradical and radical based systems, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Alejandro De Sousa
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, Facultad
de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, 5101 Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Raphael Pfattner
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
| | - Diego Gutiérrez
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
| | - Kilian Jutglar
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física &
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan T. Bromley
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física &
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Univ
Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
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9
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Saha BK, Nath NK, Thakuria R. Polymorphs with Remarkably Distinct Physical and/or Chemical Properties. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200173. [PMID: 36166697 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism in crystals is known since 1822 and the credit goes to Mitscherlich who realized the existence of different crystal structures of the same compound while working with some arsenate and phosphate salts. Later on, this phenomenon was observed also in organic crystals. With the advent of different technologies, especially the easy availability of single crystal XRD instruments, polymorphism in crystals has become a common phenomenon. Almost 37 % of compounds (single component) are polymorphic to date. As the energies of the different polymorphic forms are very close to each other, small changes in crystallization conditions might lead to different polymorphic structures. As a result, sometimes it is difficult to control polymorphism. For this reason, it is considered to be a nuisance to crystal engineering. It has been realized that the property of a material depends not only on the molecular structure but also on its crystal structure. Therefore, it is not only of interest to academia but also has widespread applications in the materials science as well as pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we have discussed polymorphism which causes significant changes in materials properties in different fields of solid-state science, such as electrical, magnetic, SHG, thermal expansion, mechanical, luminescence, color, and pharmaceutical. Therefore, this review will interest researchers from supramolecular chemistry, materials science as well as medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy K Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Naba K Nath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, Meghalaya 793003, India
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, India
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10
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Aragonès AC, Aravena D, Ugalde JM, Medina E, Gutierrez R, Ruiz E, Mujica V, Díez‐Pérez I. Magnetoresistive Single‐Molecule Junctions: the Role of the
Spinterface
and the
CISS
Effect. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert C. Aragonès
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física Universitat de Barcelona Marti i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC) Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Aravena
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad de Santiago de Chile Casilla 40, Correo 33 Santiago 9170022 Chile
| | - Jesús M. Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) P.K. 1072 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Ernesto Medina
- Departamento de Física Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería Universidad San Francisco de Quito Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica Quito 170901 Ecuador
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden University of Technology 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC) Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Ismael Díez‐Pérez
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences King's College London Britannia House 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
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11
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Baum TY, Fernández S, Peña D, van der Zant HSJ. Magnetic Fingerprints in an All-Organic Radical Molecular Break Junction. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8086-8092. [PMID: 36206381 PMCID: PMC9614975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons radicals are organic molecules with a nonzero total magnetic moment. Here, we report on charge-transport experiments with bianthracene-based radicals using a mechanically controlled break junction technique at low temperatures (6 K). The conductance spectra demonstrate that the magnetism of the diradical is preserved in solid-state devices and that it manifests itself either in the form of a Kondo resonance or inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy signature caused by spin-flip processes. The magnetic fingerprints depend on the exact configuration of the molecule in the junction; this picture is supported by reference measurements on a radical molecule with the same backbone but with one free spin, in which only Kondo anomalies are observed. The results show that the open-shell structures based on the bianthracene core are interesting systems to study spin-spin interactions in solid-state devices, and this may open the way to control them either electrically or by mechanical strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Y. Baum
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Saleta Fernández
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela, Spain15782
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela, Spain15782
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJDelft, The Netherlands
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12
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Huez C, Guérin D, Lenfant S, Volatron F, Calame M, Perrin ML, Proust A, Vuillaume D. Redox-controlled conductance of polyoxometalate molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13790-13800. [PMID: 36102689 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the reversible in situ photoreduction of molecular junctions of a phosphomolybdate [PMo12O40]3- monolayer self-assembled on flat gold electrodes, connected by the tip of a conductive atomic force microscope. The conductance of the one electron reduced [PMo12O40]4- molecular junction is increased by ∼10, and this open-shell state is stable in the junction in air at room temperature. The analysis of a large current-voltage dataset by unsupervised machine learning and clustering algorithms reveals that the electron transport in the pristine phosphomolybdate junctions leads to symmetric current-voltage curves, controlled by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) at 0.6-0.7 eV above the Fermi energy with ∼25% of the junctions having a better electronic coupling to the electrodes than the main part of the dataset. This analysis also shows that a small fraction (∼18% of the dataset) of the molecules is already reduced. The UV light in situ photoreduced phosphomolybdate junctions systematically feature slightly asymmetric current-voltage behaviors, which is ascribed to the electron transport mediated by the single occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) nearly at resonance with the Fermi energy of the electrodes and by a closely located single unoccupied molecular orbital (SUMO) at ∼0.3 eV above the SOMO with a weak electronic coupling to the electrodes (∼50% of the dataset) or at ∼0.4 eV but with a better electrode coupling (∼50% of the dataset). These results shed light on the electronic properties of reversible switchable redox polyoxometalates, a key point for potential applications in nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Huez
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - David Guérin
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Stéphane Lenfant
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Florence Volatron
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Michel Calame
- EMPA, Transport at the Nanoscale Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Dept. of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- EMPA, Transport at the Nanoscale Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Proust
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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13
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Mitra G, Low JZ, Wei S, Francisco KR, Deffner M, Herrmann C, Campos LM, Scheer E. Interplay between Magnetoresistance and Kondo Resonance in Radical Single-Molecule Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5773-5779. [PMID: 35849010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report transport measurements on tunable single-molecule junctions of the organic perchlorotrityl radical molecule, contacted with gold electrodes at low temperature. The current-voltage characteristics of a subset of junctions shows zero-bias anomalies due to the Kondo effect and in addition elevated magnetoresistance (MR). Junctions without Kondo resonance reveal a much stronger MR. Furthermore, we show that the amplitude of the MR can be tuned by mechanically stretching the junction. On the basis of these findings, we attribute the high MR to an interference effect involving spin-dependent scattering at the metal-molecule interface and assign the Kondo effect to the unpaired spin located in the center of the molecule in asymmetric junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Mitra
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Z Low
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Sujun Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Queensborough Community College of the City University of New York, Bayside, New York 11364, United States
| | - Karol R Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael Deffner
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Elke Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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14
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Li P, Zhou L, Zhao C, Ju H, Gao Q, Si W, Cheng L, Hao J, Li M, Chen Y, Jia C, Guo X. Single-molecule nano-optoelectronics: insights from physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:086401. [PMID: 35623319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule optoelectronic devices promise a potential solution for miniaturization and functionalization of silicon-based microelectronic circuits in the future. For decades of its fast development, this field has made significant progress in the synthesis of optoelectronic materials, the fabrication of single-molecule devices and the realization of optoelectronic functions. On the other hand, single-molecule optoelectronic devices offer a reliable platform to investigate the intrinsic physical phenomena and regulation rules of matters at the single-molecule level. To further realize and regulate the optoelectronic functions toward practical applications, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic physical mechanisms of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, we provide a timely review to survey the physical phenomena and laws involved in single-molecule optoelectronic materials and devices, including charge effects, spin effects, exciton effects, vibronic effects, structural and orbital effects. In particular, we will systematically summarize the basics of molecular optoelectronic materials, and the physical effects and manipulations of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. In addition, fundamentals of single-molecule electronics, which are basic of single-molecule optoelectronics, can also be found in this review. At last, we tend to focus the discussion on the opportunities and challenges arising in the field of single-molecule optoelectronics, and propose further potential breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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15
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Naghibi S, Sangtarash S, Kumar VJ, Wu J, Judd MM, Qiao X, Gorenskaia E, Higgins SJ, Cox N, Nichols RJ, Sadeghi H, Low PJ, Vezzoli A. Redox-Addressable Single-Molecule Junctions Incorporating a Persistent Organic Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116985. [PMID: 35289977 PMCID: PMC9322687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrating radical (open-shell) species into non-cryogenic nanodevices is key to unlocking the potential of molecular electronics. While many efforts have been devoted to this issue, in the absence of a chemical/electrochemical potential the open-shell character is generally lost in contact with the metallic electrodes. Herein, single-molecule devices incorporating a 6-oxo-verdazyl persistent radical have been fabricated using break-junction techniques. The open-shell character is retained at room temperature, and electrochemical gating permits in situ reduction to a closed-shell anionic state in a single-molecule transistor configuration. Furthermore, electronically driven rectification arises from bias-dependent alignment of the open-shell resonances. The integration of radical character, transistor-like switching, and rectification in a single molecular component paves the way to further studies of the electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of open-shell species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Naghibi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | | | - Varshini J. Kumar
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Jian‐Zhong Wu
- School of ChemistrySouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P.R. China
| | - Martyna M. Judd
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraATC 2601Australia
| | - Xiaohang Qiao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Elena Gorenskaia
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraATC 2601Australia
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable EnergyUniversity of LiverpoolPeach StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZFUK
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16
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Hsu C, Costi TA, Vogel D, Wegeberg C, Mayor M, van der Zant HSJ, Gehring P. Magnetic-Field Universality of the Kondo Effect Revealed by Thermocurrent Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:147701. [PMID: 35476482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.147701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Probing the universal low-temperature magnetic-field scaling of Kondo-correlated quantum dots via electrical conductance has proved to be experimentally challenging. Here, we show how to probe this in nonlinear thermocurrent spectroscopy applied to a molecular quantum dot in the Kondo regime. Our results demonstrate that the bias-dependent thermocurrent is a sensitive probe of universal Kondo physics, directly measures the splitting of the Kondo resonance in a magnetic field, and opens up possibilities for investigating nanosystems far from thermal and electrical equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Hsu
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A Costi
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - David Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Gehring
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
- IMCN/NAPS, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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17
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Naghibi S, Sangtarash S, Kumar VJ, Wu J, Judd MM, Qiao X, Gorenskaia E, Higgins SJ, Cox N, Nichols RJ, Sadeghi H, Low PJ, Vezzoli A. Redox‐Addressable Single‐Molecule Junctions Incorporating a Persistent Organic Radical**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Naghibi
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- School of Engineering University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Varshini J. Kumar
- School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Jian‐Zhong Wu
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Martyna M. Judd
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ATC 2601 Australia
| | - Xiaohang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Elena Gorenskaia
- School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ATC 2601 Australia
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School of Engineering University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy University of Liverpool Peach Street Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
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18
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Xie X, Li P, Xu Y, Zhou L, Yan Y, Xie L, Jia C, Guo X. Single-Molecule Junction: A Reliable Platform for Monitoring Molecular Physical and Chemical Processes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3476-3505. [PMID: 35179354 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and manipulating the physical and chemical behavior of single molecules is an important development direction of molecular electronics that aids in understanding the molecular world at the single-molecule level. The electrical detection platform based on single-molecule junctions can monitor physical and chemical processes at the single-molecule level with a high temporal resolution, stability, and signal-to-noise ratio. Recently, the combination of single-molecule junctions with different multimodal control systems has been widely used to explore significant physical and chemical phenomena because of its powerful monitoring and control capabilities. In this review, we focus on the applications of single-molecule junctions in monitoring molecular physical and chemical processes. The methods developed for characterizing single-molecule charge transfer and spin characteristics as well as revealing the corresponding intrinsic mechanisms are introduced. Dynamic detection and regulation of single-molecule conformational isomerization, intermolecular interactions, and chemical reactions are also discussed in detail. In addition to these dynamic investigations, this review discusses the open challenges of single-molecule detection in the fields of physics and chemistry and proposes some potential applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yong Yan
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, PR China
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19
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Research Progress on Triarylmethyl Radical-Based High-Efficiency OLED. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051632. [PMID: 35268732 PMCID: PMC8911689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perchlorotrityl radical (PTM), tris (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (TTM), (3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl) bis (2,4,6 trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (PyBTM), (N-carbazolyl) bis (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (CzBTM), and their derivatives are stable organic radicals that exhibit light emissions at room temperature. Since these triarylmethyl radicals have an unpaired electron, their electron spins at the lowest excited state and ground state are both doublets, and the transition from the lowest excited state to the ground state does not pose the problem of a spin-forbidden reaction. When used as OLED layers, these triarylmethyl radicals exhibit unique light-emitting properties, which can increase the theoretical upper limit of the OLED’s internal quantum efficiency (IQE) to 100%. In recent years, research on the luminescent properties of triarylmethyl radicals has attracted increasing attention. In this review, recent developments in these triarylmethyl radicals and their derivatives in OLED devices are introduced.
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20
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Abstract
Single-molecule junctions - devices fabricated by electrically connecting a single molecule to two electrodes - can respond to a variety of stimuli, that include electrostatic/electrochemical gating, light, other chemical species, and mechanical forces. When the latter is used, the device becomes mechanoresistive which means that its electrical resistance/conductance changes upon application of a mechanical stress. The mechanoresistive phenomenon can arise at the metal-molecule interface or it can be embedded in the molecular backbone, and several strategies to attain high reproducibility, high sensitivity and reversible behaviour have been developed over the years. These devices offer a unique insight on the process of charge transfer/transport at the metal/molecule interface, and have potential for applications as nanoelectromechanical systems, integrating electrical and mechanical functionality at the nanoscale. In this review, the status of the field is presented, with a focus on those systems that proved to have reversible behaviour, along with a discussion on the techniques used to fabricate and characterise mechanoresistive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Peach Streat, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK
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21
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Tretyakov EV, Ovcharenko VI, Terent'ev AO, Krylov IB, Magdesieva TV, Mazhukin DG, Gritsan NP. Conjugated nitroxide radicals. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR. A review of oligo(arylene ethynylene) derivatives in molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10668-10711. [PMID: 34110337 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(arylene ethynylene) (OAE) derivatives are the "workhorse" molecules of molecular electronics. Their ease of synthesis and flexibility of functionalisation mean that a diverse array of OAE molecular wires have been designed, synthesised and studied theoretically and experimentally in molecular junctions using both single-molecule and ensemble methods. This review summarises the breadth of molecular designs that have been investigated with emphasis on structure-property relationships with respect to the electronic conductance of OAEs. The factors considered include molecular length, connectivity, conjugation, (anti)aromaticity, heteroatom effects and quantum interference (QI). Growing interest in the thermoelectric properties of OAE derivatives, which are expected to be at the forefront of research into organic thermoelectric devices, is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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23
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Alcón I, Shao J, Tremblay JC, Paulus B. Conformational control over π-conjugated electron pairing in 1D organic polymers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20498-20506. [PMID: 35479909 PMCID: PMC9033971 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades π-conjugated bi-radicals have attracted increasing attention, due to the existence of two close-in-energy resonant electronic configurations with very distinct characteristics: the open-shell bi-radical and the closed-shell quinoidal. The chemical design of the bi-radical structure has been shown to be very effective to shift the balance towards one, or the other, electronic distribution. Some reports have experimentally studied the analogous 1D oligomers and polymers, however, only the open-shell multi-radical configuration has been detected, and it is yet not very clear which structural and chemical parameters are relevant in such extended systems. In this work, via first principles quantum chemical simulations, we study a series of π-conjugated 1D polymers based on triarylmethyl radicals with different chemical functionalization. We find that dihedral angles of the aryl rings connecting the radical centres are the key conformational parameter determining the electronic balance. This provides a simple recipe to use chemical functionalization of aryl rings as a tool to shift the system towards either the electron paired or unpaired configurations. Additionally, we find such conformational control is also effective under the effect of thermal fluctuations, which highlights its potential technological applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
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24
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Lupo C, Jamet F, Tse WHT, Rungger I, Weber C. Maximally localized dynamical quantum embedding for solving many-body correlated systems. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 1:410-420. [PMID: 38217238 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-021-00090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Quantum computing opens new avenues for modeling correlated materials, which are notoriously challenging to solve due to the presence of large electronic correlations. Quantum embedding approaches, such as dynamical mean-field theory, provide corrections to first-principles calculations for strongly correlated materials, which are poorly described at lower levels of theory. Such embedding approaches are computationally demanding on classical computing architectures and hence remain restricted to small systems, limiting the scope of their applicability. Hitherto, implementations on quantum computers have been limited by hardware constraints. Here, we derive a compact representation, where the number of quantum states is reduced for a given system while retaining a high level of accuracy. We benchmark our method for archetypal quantum states of matter that emerge due to electronic correlations, such as Kondo and Mott physics, both at equilibrium and for quenched systems. We implement this approach on a quantum emulator, demonstrating a reduction of the required number of qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lupo
- Theory & Simulation of Condensed Matter, King's College London, London, UK.
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK.
| | - François Jamet
- Theory & Simulation of Condensed Matter, King's College London, London, UK.
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK.
| | | | | | - Cedric Weber
- Theory & Simulation of Condensed Matter, King's College London, London, UK.
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25
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Poggini L, Lunghi A, Collauto A, Barbon A, Armelao L, Magnani A, Caneschi A, Totti F, Sorace L, Mannini M. Chemisorption of nitronyl-nitroxide radicals on gold surface: an assessment of morphology, exchange interaction and decoherence time. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7613-7621. [PMID: 33881100 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A combined Tof-SIMS, XPS and STM characterization has been performed to study the deposition of a sulphur-functionalized nitronyl nitroxide radical on Au(111) clearly demonstrating the chemisorption of intact molecules. Continuous -wave EPR characterization showed that the radical molecules maintain their paramagnetic character. Pulsed EPR measurements allowed to determine the decoherence time of the nanostructure at 80 K, which turned out to be comparable to the one measured in frozen solution and longer than previously reported for many radicals and other paramagnetic molecules at much lower temperatures. Furthermore, we conducted a state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics study, suggesting different possible scenarios for chemisorption geometries and predicting the energetically favoured geometry. Calculation of the magnetic properties indicates a partial non-innocent role of the gold surface in determining the magnetic interactions between radicals in packed structures. This suggests that the observed EPR spectrum is to be attributed to low-density domains of disordered radicals interacting via dipolar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Poggini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. and ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Lunghi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Alberto Collauto
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Research Unit, University of Padua, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Research Unit, University of Padua, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Research Unit, University of Padua, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, National Research Council of Italy, ICMATE-CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy and Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, DSCTM - CNR, Piazzale A. Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Magnani
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, and INSTM Research Unit, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Caneschi
- DIEF - Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, I-50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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26
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Bahlke MP, Schneeberger M, Herrmann C. Local decomposition of hybridization functions: Chemical insight into correlated molecular adsorbates. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144108. [PMID: 33858153 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization functions are an established tool for investigating the coupling between a correlated subsystem (often a single transition metal atom) and its uncorrelated environment (the substrate and any ligands present). The hybridization function can provide valuable insight into why and how strong correlation features such as the Kondo effect can be chemically controlled in certain molecular adsorbates. To deepen this insight, we introduce a local decomposition of the hybridization function, based on a truncated cluster approach, enabling us to study individual effects on this function coming from specific parts of the systems (e.g., the surface, ligands, or parts of larger ligands). It is shown that a truncated-cluster approach can reproduce the Co 3d and Mn 3d hybridization functions from periodic boundary conditions in Co(CO)4/Cu(001) and MnPc/Ag(001) qualitatively well. By locally decomposing the hybridization functions, it is demonstrated at which energies the transition metal atoms are mainly hybridized with the substrate or with the ligand. For the Kondo-active 3dx2-y2 orbital in Co(CO)4/Cu(001), the hybridization function at the Fermi energy is substrate-dominated, so we can assign its enhancement compared with ligand-free Co to an indirect effect of ligand-substrate interactions. In MnPc/Ag(001), the same is true for the Kondo-active orbital, but for two other orbitals, there are both direct and indirect effects of the ligand, together resulting in such strong screening that their potential Kondo activity is suppressed. A local decomposition of hybridization functions could also be useful in other areas, such as analyzing the electrode self-energies in molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Philipp Bahlke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schneeberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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27
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Manipulation of Molecular Spin State on Surfaces Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122393. [PMID: 33266045 PMCID: PMC7761235 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adsorbed magnetic molecules with tunable spin states have drawn wide attention for their immense potential in the emerging fields of molecular spintronics and quantum computing. One of the key issues toward their application is the efficient controlling of their spin state. This review briefly summarizes the recent progress in the field of molecular spin state manipulation on surfaces. We focus on the molecular spins originated from the unpaired electrons of which the Kondo effect and spin excitation can be detected by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM and STS). Studies of the molecular spin-carriers in three categories are overviewed, i.e., the ones solely composed of main group elements, the ones comprising 3d-metals, and the ones comprising 4f-metals. Several frequently used strategies for tuning molecular spin state are exemplified, including chemical reactions, reversible atomic/molecular chemisorption, and STM-tip manipulations. The summary of the successful case studies of molecular spin state manipulation may not only facilitate the fundamental understanding of molecular magnetism and spintronics but also inspire the design of the molecule-based spintronic devices and materials.
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28
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Min Y, Zhuang GC, Yao KL. Ab initio calculation of transport properties in 1,3-diphenylpropynylidene based molecular device. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1728408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Min
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - G. C. Zhuang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - K. L. Yao
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Song S, Guo N, Li X, Li G, Haketa Y, Telychko M, Su J, Lyu P, Qiu Z, Fang H, Peng X, Li J, Wu X, Li Y, Su C, Koh MJ, Wu J, Maeda H, Zhang C, Lu J. Real-Space Imaging of a Single-Molecule Monoradical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13550-13557. [PMID: 32633951 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organic radicals consisting of light elements exhibit a low spin-orbit coupling and weak hyperfine interactions with a long spin coherence length, which are crucial for future applications in molecular spintronics. However, the synthesis and characterization of these organic radicals have been a formidable challenge due to their chemical instability arising from unpaired electrons. Here, we report a direct imaging of the surface chemical transformation of an organic monoradical synthesized via the monodehydrogenation of a chemically designed precursor. Bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy unambiguously resolves various products formed through a complex structural dissociation and rearrangement of organic monoradicals. Density functional theory calculations reveal detailed reaction pathways from the monoradical to different cyclized products. Our study provides unprecedented insights into complex surface reaction mechanisms of organic radical reactions at the single molecule level, which may guide the design of stable organic radicals for future quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Xinzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhizhan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hanyan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xinnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xinbang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ying Li
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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30
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Ajayakumar MR, Moreno C, Alcón I, Illas F, Rovira C, Veciana J, Bromley ST, Mugarza A, Mas-Torrent M. Neutral Organic Radical Formation by Chemisorption on Metal Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3897-3904. [PMID: 32343903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic radical monolayers (r-MLs) bonded to metal surfaces are potential materials for the development of molecular (spin)electronics. Typically, stable radicals bearing surface anchoring groups are used to generate r-MLs. Following a recent theoretical proposal based on a model system, we report the first experimental realization of a metal surface-induced r-ML, where a rationally chosen closed-shell precursor 3,5-dichloro-4-[bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methylen]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one (1) transforms into a stable neutral open-shell species (1•) via chemisorption on the Ag(111) surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the >C═O group of 1 reacts with the surface, forming a C-O-Ag linkage that induces an electronic rearrangement that transforms 1 to 1•. We further show that surface reactivity is an important factor in this process whereby Au(111) is inert towards 1, whereas the Cu(111) surface leads to dehalogenation reactions. The radical nature of the Ag(111)-bound monolayer was further confirmed by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations, which provide evidence of the emergence of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of 1•.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Ajayakumar
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - César Moreno
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Alcón
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Quı́mica Fı́sica & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Quı́mica Fı́sica & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Stefan T Bromley
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Quı́mica Fı́sica & Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitor Mugarza
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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31
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Iv M, Peskin U. Ballistic transport and quantum unfurling in molecular junctions via minimal representations of quantum master equations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184112. [PMID: 32414262 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum furling and unfurling are inelastic transitions between localized and delocalized electronic states. We predict scenarios where these processes govern charge transport through donor-bridge-acceptor molecular junctions. Like in the case of ballistic transport, the resulting currents are nearly independent of the molecular bridge length. However, currents involving quantum furling and unfurling processes can be controlled by the coupling to vibrations in the intra-molecular and the extra-molecular environment, which can be experimentally tuned. Our study is based on rate equations for exchange of energy (bosons) and particles (fermions) between the molecular bridge and its environment. An efficient algorithm is introduced for a compact representation of the relevant rate equations, which utilizes the redundancies in the rate matrix and the sparsity of the creation and annihilation operators in the molecular Fock space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Iv
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Uri Peskin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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32
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Bartos P, Anand B, Pietrzak A, Kaszyński P. Functional Planar Blatter Radical through Pschorr-Type Cyclization. Org Lett 2019; 22:180-184. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bartos
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bindushree Anand
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
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33
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Ferri N, Algethami N, Vezzoli A, Sangtarash S, McLaughlin M, Sadeghi H, Lambert CJ, Nichols RJ, Higgins SJ. Hemilabile Ligands as Mechanosensitive Electrode Contacts for Molecular Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16583-16589. [PMID: 31364249 PMCID: PMC6899542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule junctions that are sensitive to compression or elongation are an emerging class of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Although the molecule-electrode interface can be engineered to impart such functionality, most studies to date rely on poorly defined interactions. We focused on this issue by synthesizing molecular wires designed to have chemically defined hemilabile contacts based on (methylthio)thiophene moieties. We measured their conductance as a function of junction size and observed conductance changes of up to two orders of magnitude as junctions were compressed and stretched. Localised interactions between weakly coordinating thienyl sulfurs and the electrodes are responsible for the observed effect and allow reversible monodentate⇄bidentate contact transitions as the junction is modulated in size. We observed an up to ≈100-fold sensitivity boost of the (methylthio)thiophene-terminated molecular wire compared with its non-hemilabile (methylthio)benzene counterpart and demonstrate a previously unexplored application of hemilabile ligands to molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Ferri
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | | | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Maeve McLaughlin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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34
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Xie L, Lin H, Zhang C, Li J, Merino-Díez N, Friedrich N, Bouju X, Li Y, Pascual JI, Xu W. Switching the Spin on a Ni Trimer within a Metal-Organic Motif by Controlling the On-Top Bromine Atom. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9936-9943. [PMID: 31381315 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the spin of metal atoms embedded in molecular systems is a key step toward the realization of molecular electronics and spintronics. Many efforts have been devoted to explore the influencing factors dictating the survival or quenching of a magnetic moment in a metal-organic molecule, and among others, the spin control by axial ligand attachments is the most promising. Herein, from the interplay of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy imaging/manipulation and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements together with density functional theory calculations, we successfully demonstrate that a Ni trimer within a metal-organic motif acquires a net spin promoted by the adsorption of an on-top Br atom. The spin localization in the trimetal centers bonded to Br was monitored via the Kondo effect. The removal of the Br ligand resulted in the switch from a Kondo ON to a Kondo OFF state. The magnetic state induced by the Br ligand is theoretically attributed to the enhanced Br 4pz and Ni 3dz2 states due to the charge redistribution. The manipulation strategy reported here provides the possibility to explore potential applications of spin-tunable structures in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcheng Li
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia , Spain
| | - Nestor Merino-Díez
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia , Spain
| | | | - Xavier Bouju
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse , 31000 Toulouse , France
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jose Ignacio Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
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35
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Ferri N, Algethami N, Vezzoli A, Sangtarash S, McLaughlin M, Sadeghi H, Lambert CJ, Nichols RJ, Higgins SJ. Hemilabile Ligands as Mechanosensitive Electrode Contacts for Molecular Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Ferri
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Norah Algethami
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Maeve McLaughlin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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36
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Patera LL, Sokolov S, Low JZ, Campos LM, Venkataraman L, Repp J. Resolving the Unpaired‐Electron Orbital Distribution in a Stable Organic Radical by Kondo Resonance Mapping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11063-11067. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laerte L. Patera
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsUniversity of Regensburg 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Sophia Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsUniversity of Regensburg 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Jonathan Z. Low
- Department of ChemistryColumbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department of ChemistryColumbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of ChemistryColumbia University New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied MathematicsColumbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Jascha Repp
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsUniversity of Regensburg 93053 Regensburg Germany
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37
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Patera LL, Sokolov S, Low JZ, Campos LM, Venkataraman L, Repp J. Abbildung des Orbitals des ungepaarten Elektrons in einem stabilen, organischen Radikal anhand seiner Kondo‐Resonanz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laerte L. Patera
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Regensburg 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Sophia Sokolov
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Regensburg 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Jonathan Z. Low
- Department of ChemistryColumbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department of ChemistryColumbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of ChemistryColumbia University New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied MathematicsColumbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Jascha Repp
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Regensburg 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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38
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Low JZ, Kladnik G, Patera LL, Sokolov S, Lovat G, Kumarasamy E, Repp J, Campos LM, Cvetko D, Morgante A, Venkataraman L. The Environment-Dependent Behavior of the Blatter Radical at the Metal-Molecule Interface. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2543-2548. [PMID: 30884240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stable organic radicals have potential applications for building organic spintronic devices. To fulfill this potential, the interface between organic radicals and metal electrodes must be well characterized. Here, through a combined effort that includes synthesis, scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, and single-molecule conductance measurements, we comprehensively probe the electronic interaction between gold metal electrodes and a benchtop stable radical-the Blatter radical. We find that despite its open-shell character and having a half-filled orbital close to the Fermi level, the radical is stable on a gold substrate under ultrahigh vacuum. We observe a Kondo resonance arising from the radical and spectroscopic signatures of its half-filled orbitals. By contrast, in solution-based single-molecule conductance measurements, the radical character is lost through oxidation with charge transfer occurring from the molecule to metal. Our experiments show that the stability of radical states can be very sensitive to the environment around the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Low
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Gregor Kladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , University of Ljubljana , Jadranska 19 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio Nazionale TASC , Basovizza, SS-14, km 163.5 , I-34012 Trieste , Italy
| | - Laerte L Patera
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics , University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Sophia Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics , University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Giacomo Lovat
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Jascha Repp
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics , University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Dean Cvetko
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , University of Ljubljana , Jadranska 19 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio Nazionale TASC , Basovizza, SS-14, km 163.5 , I-34012 Trieste , Italy
- J. Stefan Institute , Jamova 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Alberto Morgante
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio Nazionale TASC , Basovizza, SS-14, km 163.5 , I-34012 Trieste , Italy
- Department of Physics , University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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39
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Bocquet M, Lorente N, Berndt R, Gruber M. Spin in a Closed‐Shell Organic Molecule on a Metal Substrate Generated by a Sigmatropic Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:821-824. [PMID: 30422385 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Laure Bocquet
- PASTEURDépartement de chimieÉcole normale supérieurePSL UniversitySorbonne UniversitéCNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Nicolas Lorente
- Centro de Fısica de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikChristian-Albrechts-Universität 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Manuel Gruber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikChristian-Albrechts-Universität 24098 Kiel Germany
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40
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Dutta B, Majidi D, García Corral A, Erdman PA, Florens S, Costi TA, Courtois H, Winkelmann CB. Direct Probe of the Seebeck Coefficient in a Kondo-Correlated Single-Quantum-Dot Transistor. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:506-511. [PMID: 30566839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first measurement of the Seebeck coefficient in a tunnel-contacted and gate-tunable individual single-quantum dot junction in the Kondo regime, fabricated using the electromigration technique. This fundamental thermoelectric parameter is obtained by directly monitoring the magnitude of the voltage induced in response to a temperature difference across the junction, while keeping a zero net tunneling current through the device. In contrast to bulk materials and single molecules probed in a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) configuration, investigating the thermopower in nanoscale electronic transistors benefits from the electric tunability to showcase prominent quantum effects. Here, striking sign changes of the Seebeck coefficient are induced by varying the temperature, depending on the spin configuration in the quantum dot. The comparison with numerical renormalization group (NRG) calculations demonstrates that the tunneling density of states is generically asymmetric around the Fermi level in the leads, both in the cotunneling and Kondo regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bivas Dutta
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, Institut Néel , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Danial Majidi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, Institut Néel , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Alvaro García Corral
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, Institut Néel , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Paolo A Erdman
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , 56127 Pisa , Italy
| | - Serge Florens
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, Institut Néel , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Theo A Costi
- Peter Grünberg Institut , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Hervé Courtois
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, Institut Néel , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Clemens B Winkelmann
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, Institut Néel , 38000 Grenoble , France
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41
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Bocquet M, Lorente N, Berndt R, Gruber M. Spin in a Closed‐Shell Organic Molecule on a Metal Substrate Generated by a Sigmatropic Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Laure Bocquet
- PASTEURDépartement de chimieÉcole normale supérieurePSL UniversitySorbonne UniversitéCNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Nicolas Lorente
- Centro de Fısica de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikChristian-Albrechts-Universität 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Manuel Gruber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikChristian-Albrechts-Universität 24098 Kiel Germany
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42
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Appelt WH, Droghetti A, Chioncel L, Radonjić MM, Muñoz E, Kirchner S, Vollhardt D, Rungger I. Predicting the conductance of strongly correlated molecules: the Kondo effect in perchlorotriphenylmethyl/Au junctions. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17738-17750. [PMID: 30211420 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03991g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stable organic radicals integrated into molecular junctions represent a practical realization of the single-orbital Anderson impurity model. Motivated by recent experiments for perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) molecules contacted to gold electrodes, we develop a method that combines density functional theory (DFT), quantum transport theory, numerical renormalization group (NRG) calculations and renormalized super-perturbation theory (rSPT) to compute both equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties of strongly correlated nanoscale systems at low temperatures effectively from first principles. We determine the possible atomic structures of the interfaces between the molecule and the electrodes, which allow us to estimate the Kondo temperature and the characteristic transport properties, which compare well with experiments. By using the non-equilibrium rSPT results we assess the range of validity of equilibrium DFT + NRG-based transmission calculations for the evaluation of the finite voltage conductance. The results demonstrate that our method can provide qualitative insights into the properties of molecular junctions when the molecule-metal contacts are amorphous or generally ill-defined, and that it can further give a fully quantitative description when the experimental contact structures are well characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Appelt
- Theoretical Physics II, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
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43
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Dubois V, Raja SN, Gehring P, Caneva S, van der Zant HSJ, Niklaus F, Stemme G. Massively parallel fabrication of crack-defined gold break junctions featuring sub-3 nm gaps for molecular devices. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3433. [PMID: 30143636 PMCID: PMC6109151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Break junctions provide tip-shaped contact electrodes that are fundamental components of nano and molecular electronics. However, the fabrication of break junctions remains notoriously time-consuming and difficult to parallelize. Here we demonstrate true parallel fabrication of gold break junctions featuring sub-3 nm gaps on the wafer-scale, by relying on a novel self-breaking mechanism based on controlled crack formation in notched bridge structures. We achieve fabrication densities as high as 7 million junctions per cm2, with fabrication yields of around 7% for obtaining crack-defined break junctions with sub-3 nm gaps of fixed gap width that exhibit electron tunneling. We also form molecular junctions using dithiol-terminated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE3) to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach for electrical probing of molecules down to liquid helium temperatures. Our technology opens a whole new range of experimental opportunities for nano and molecular electronics applications, by enabling very large-scale fabrication of solid-state break junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dubois
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems (MST), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shyamprasad N Raja
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems (MST), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pascal Gehring
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sabina Caneva
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems (MST), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Göran Stemme
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems (MST), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
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44
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Slanina T, Oberschmid T. Rhodamine 6G Radical: A Spectro (Fluoro) Electrochemical and Transient Spectroscopic Study. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Slanina
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt; 60323 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Teresa Oberschmid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
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45
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Diez-Cabanes V, Seber G, Franco C, Bejarano F, Crivillers N, Mas-Torrent M, Veciana J, Rovira C, Cornil J. Design of Perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) Radical-Based Compounds for Optoelectronic Applications: The Role of Orbital Delocalization. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2572-2578. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Diez-Cabanes
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Gonca Seber
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Carlos Franco
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
- Current affiliation: ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Francesc Bejarano
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Nuria Crivillers
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
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46
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Chen J, Isshiki H, Baretzky C, Balashov T, Wulfhekel W. Abrupt Switching of Crystal Fields during Formation of Molecular Contacts. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3280-3286. [PMID: 29565560 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic molecules have the potential to be used as building blocks for bits in quantum computers. The spin states of the magnetic ion in the molecule can be represented by the effective spin Hamiltonian describing the zero field splitting (ZFS) of the magnetic states. We determined the ZFS of mechanically flexible metal-chelate molecules (Co, Ni, and Cu as metal ions) adsorbed on Cu2N/Cu(100) by inelastic tunneling spectroscopy at temperatures down to 30 mK. When moving the tip toward the molecule, the tunneling current abruptly jumps to higher values, indicating the sudden deformation of the molecule bridging the tunneling junction. Hand in hand with the formation of the contact, an abrupt change of the ZFS occurs. This work also implies that ZFS expected in mechanical break junctions can drastically deviate from that of adsorbed molecules probed by other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Chen
- Physikalisches Institut , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Hironari Isshiki
- Physikalisches Institut , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Clemens Baretzky
- Physikalisches Institut , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Timofey Balashov
- Physikalisches Institut , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Physikalisches Institut , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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47
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Alcón I, Bromley ST. Triarylmethyl-based 2D covalent networks: virtual screening of chemical functionalisation for optimising strain-induced property control. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5028-5035. [PMID: 29388643 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent networks based on triarylmethyl (TAM) radical monomers have been proposed as versatile materials whose unpaired electrons may be externally localised/delocalised through the application of external uniaxial strain. This phenomenon arises through the strain-induced variance of the dihedral twist angles of the aryl rings within the network, and allows the control of important physico-chemical properties (e.g. magnetic interactions, electronic band gap). In order to experimentally realise such materials, one must find a compromise between the kinetic stability of the TAM monomers (through sterically protecting the radical centre with the appropriate aryl ring functionalisation) and the structural flexibility of the resulting material (provided by low intra-ring steric hindrance). In this work, through an efficient search procedure based on force field-based screening, employing ∼1750 calculations, followed by selected accurate electronic structure calculations, we provide support for the experimental viability of TAM-based 2D networks with highly controllable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Alcón
- Department de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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48
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Isshiki Y, Matsuzawa Y, Fujii S, Kiguchi M. Investigation on Single-Molecule Junctions Based on Current⁻Voltage Characteristics. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9020067. [PMID: 30393343 PMCID: PMC6187306 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the current through an electronic device and the voltage across its terminals is a current–voltage characteristic (I–V) that determine basic device performance. Currently, I–V measurement on a single-molecule scale can be performed using break junction technique, where a single molecule junction can be prepared by trapping a single molecule into a nanogap between metal electrodes. The single-molecule I–Vs provide not only the device performance, but also reflect information on energy dispersion of the electronic state and the electron-molecular vibration coupling in the junction. This mini review focuses on recent representative studies on I–Vs of the single molecule junctions that cover investigation on the single-molecule diode property, the molecular vibration, and the electronic structure as a form of transmission probability, and electronic density of states, including the spin state of the single-molecule junctions. In addition, thermoelectronic measurements based on I–Vs and identification of the charged carriers (i.e., electrons or holes) are presented. The analysis in the single-molecule I–Vs provides fundamental and essential information for a better understanding of the single-molecule science, and puts the single molecule junction to more practical use in molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Isshiki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Yuya Matsuzawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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49
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Bejarano F, Olavarria-Contreras IJ, Droghetti A, Rungger I, Rudnev A, Gutiérrez D, Mas-Torrent M, Veciana J, van der Zant HSJ, Rovira C, Burzurı E, Crivillers N. Robust Organic Radical Molecular Junctions Using Acetylene Terminated Groups for C-Au Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1691-1696. [PMID: 29307191 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organic paramagnetic and electroactive molecules are attracting interest as core components of molecular electronic and spintronic devices. Currently, further progress is hindered by the modest stability and reproducibility of the molecule/electrode contact. We report the synthesis of a persistent organic radical bearing one and two terminal alkyne groups to form Au-C σ bonds. The formation and stability of self-assembled monolayers and the electron transport through single-molecule junctions at room temperature have been studied. The combined analysis of both systems demonstrates that this linker forms a robust covalent bond with gold and a better-defined contact when compared to traditional sulfur-based linkers. Density functional theory and quantum transport calculations support the experimental observation highlighting a reduced variability of conductance values for the C-Au based junction. Our findings advance the quest for robustness and reproducibility of devices based on electroactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Bejarano
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Droghetti
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) , Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ivan Rungger
- National Physical Laboratory , Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Rudnev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Russian Academy of Sciences A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Diego Gutiérrez
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enrique Burzurı
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands.,IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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50
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Sangeeth CSS, Jiang L, Nijhuis CA. Bottom-electrode induced defects in self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based tunnel junctions affect only the SAM resistance, not the contact resistance or SAM capacitance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19939-19949. [PMID: 35541643 PMCID: PMC9080736 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In large area molecular junctions, defects are always present and can be caused by impurities and/or defects in the electrode materials and/or SAMs, but how they affect the electrical characteristics of junctions has rarely been studied. Usually, junctions are characterized by two-terminal current–voltage measurements where only the total current across the junction is measured, but with these methods one cannot distinguish how the individual components of the junctions are altered by the defects. Here we show that the roughness of the bottom-electrode is a crucial factor in determining the electrical properties of self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based junctions. We used potentiodynamic impedance spectroscopy to reveal which components of the junctions are altered by defective bottom electrodes because this method allows for direct determination of all components that impede charge transport in the equivalent circuit of the junctions. We intentionally introduced defects via the roughness of the bottom electrode and found that these defects lower the SAM resistance but they do not alter the capacitance of the SAM or the contact resistance of the junction. In other words, defective junctions can be seen as “leaky capacitors” resulting in an underestimation of the SAM resistance of two orders of magnitude. These results help to improve the interpretation of data generated by SAM-based junctions and explain in part the observed large spread of reported tunneling rates for the same molecules measured across different platforms. In large area molecular junctions, defects are always present and can be caused by impurities and/or defects in the electrode materials and/or SAMs, but how they affect the electrical characteristics of junctions has rarely been studied.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre
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