1
|
Yang C, Wang H, Cao Z, Chen X, Zhou G, Zhao H, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Sun B. Memristor-Based Bionic Tactile Devices: Opening the Door for Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308918. [PMID: 38149504 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired tactile devices can effectively mimic and reproduce the functions of the human tactile system, presenting significant potential in the field of next-generation wearable electronics. In particular, memristor-based bionic tactile devices have attracted considerable attention due to their exceptional characteristics of high flexibility, low power consumption, and adaptability. These devices provide advanced wearability and high-precision tactile sensing capabilities, thus emerging as an important research area within bioinspired electronics. This paper delves into the integration of memristors with other sensing and controlling systems and offers a comprehensive analysis of the recent research advancements in memristor-based bionic tactile devices. These advancements incorporate artificial nociceptors and flexible electronic skin (e-skin) into the category of bio-inspired sensors equipped with capabilities for sensing, processing, and responding to stimuli, which are expected to catalyze revolutionary changes in human-computer interaction. Finally, this review discusses the challenges faced by memristor-based bionic tactile devices in terms of material selection, structural design, and sensor signal processing for the development of artificial intelligence. Additionally, it also outlines future research directions and application prospects of these devices, while proposing feasible solutions to address the identified challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Zelin Cao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Brain-inspired Computing & Intelligent Control of Chongqing Key Lab, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 DongChuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Bai Sun
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Guan Z, Wang H, Zhou X, Li J, Shen S, Yin Y, Li X. Pure ZrO 2 Ferroelectric Thin Film for Nonvolatile Memory and Neural Network Computing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22122-22130. [PMID: 38626418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The recent discovery of ferroelectricity in pure ZrO2 has drawn much attention, but the information storage and processing performances of ferroelectric ZrO2-based nonvolatile devices remain open for further exploration. Here, a ZrO2 (∼8 nm)-based ferroelectric capacitor using RuO2 oxide electrodes is fabricated, and the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase evolution under electric field cycling is studied. A ferroelectric remnant polarization (2Pr) of >30 μC/cm2, leakage current density of ∼2.79 × 10-8 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm, and estimated polarization retention of >10 years are achieved. When the ferroelectric capacitor is connected with a transistor, a memory window of ∼0.8 V and eight distinct states can be obtained in such a ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET). Through the conductance manipulation of the FeFET, a high object image recognition accuracy of ∼93.32% is achieved on the basis of the CIFAR-10 dataset in the convolutional neural network (CNN) simulation, which is close to the result of ∼94.20% obtained by floating-point-based CNN software. These results demonstrate the potential of ferroelectric ZrO2 devices for nonvolatile memory and artificial neural network computing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Guan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchun Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewei Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gosai J, Patel M, Liu L, Lokhandwala A, Thakkar P, Chee MY, Jain M, Lew WS, Chaudhari N, Solanki A. Control-Etched Ti 3C 2T x MXene Nanosheets for a Low-Voltage-Operating Flexible Memristor for Efficient Neuromorphic Computation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17821-17831. [PMID: 38536948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Hardware neural networks with mechanical flexibility are promising next-generation computing systems for smart wearable electronics. Overcoming the challenge of developing a fully synaptic plastic network, we demonstrate a low-operating-voltage PET/ITO/p-MXene/Ag flexible memristor device by controlling the etching of aluminum metal ions in Ti3C2Tx MXene. The presence of a small fraction of Al ions in partially etched MXene (p-Ti3C2Tx) significantly suppresses the operating voltage to 1 V compared to 7 V from fully Al etched MXene (f-Ti3C2Tx)-based devices. Former devices exhibit excellent non-volatile data storage properties, with a robust ∼103 ON/OFF ratio, high endurance of ∼104 cycles, multilevel resistance states, and long data retention measured up to ∼106 s. High mechanical stability up to ∼73° bending angle and environmental robustness are confirmed with consistent switching characteristics under increasing temperature and humid conditions. Furthermore, a p-Ti3C2Tx MXene memristor is employed to mimic the biological synapse by measuring the learning-forgetting pattern for ∼104 cycles as potentiation and depression. Spike time-dependent plasticity (STDP) based on Hebb's Learning rules is also successfully demonstrated. Moreover, a remarkable accuracy of ∼95% in recognizing modified patterns from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) data set with just 29 training epochs is achieved in simulation. Ultimately, our findings underscore the potential of MXene-based flexible memristor devices as versatile components for data storage and neuromorphic computing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeny Gosai
- Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterial Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
- Flextronics Lab, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Mansi Patel
- Flextronics Lab, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
- Department of Physics, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Lingli Liu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Aziz Lokhandwala
- Flextronics Lab, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
- Department of Physics, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Parth Thakkar
- Flextronics Lab, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
- Department of Physics, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Mun Yin Chee
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Muskan Jain
- Flextronics Lab, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
- Department of Physics, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Wen Siang Lew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Nitin Chaudhari
- Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterial Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Ankur Solanki
- Flextronics Lab, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
- Department of Physics, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arndt ND, Hershkovitz E, Shah L, Kjærnes K, Yang CY, Balakrishnan PP, Shariff MS, Tauro S, Gopman DB, Kirby BJ, Grutter AJ, Tybell T, Kim H, Need RF. Reduction-Induced Magnetic Behavior in LaFeO 3-δ Thin Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1188. [PMID: 38473659 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The effect of oxygen reduction on the magnetic properties of LaFeO3-δ (LFO) thin films was studied to better understand the viability of LFO as a candidate for magnetoionic memory. Differences in the amount of oxygen lost by LFO and its magnetic behavior were observed in nominally identical LFO films grown on substrates prepared using different common methods. In an LFO film grown on as-received SrTiO3 (STO) substrate, the original perovskite film structure was preserved following reduction, and remnant magnetization was only seen at low temperatures. In a LFO film grown on annealed STO, the LFO lost significantly more oxygen and the microstructure decomposed into La- and Fe-rich regions with remnant magnetization that persisted up to room temperature. These results demonstrate an ability to access multiple, distinct magnetic states via oxygen reduction in the same starting material and suggest LFO may be a suitable materials platform for nonvolatile multistate memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Arndt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eitan Hershkovitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Labdhi Shah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kristoffer Kjærnes
- Department of Electronic Systems, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chao-Yao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Purnima P Balakrishnan
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Mohammed S Shariff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Shaun Tauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel B Gopman
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Brian J Kirby
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Alexander J Grutter
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Thomas Tybell
- Department of Electronic Systems, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Honggyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ryan F Need
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muthu C, Resmi AN, Ajayakumar A, Ravindran NEA, Dayal G, Jinesh KB, Szaciłowski K, Vijayakumar C. Self-Assembly of Delta-Formamidinium Lead Iodide Nanoparticles to Nanorods: Study of Memristor Properties and Resistive Switching Mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2304787. [PMID: 38243886 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for advanced memristor technologies, this study introduces the synthesis of delta-formamidinium lead iodide (δ-FAPbI3 ) nanoparticles (NPs) and their self-assembly into nanorods (NRs). The formation of these NRs is facilitated by iodide vacancies, promoting the fusion of individual NPs at higher concentrations. Notably, these NRs exhibit robust stability under ambient conditions, a distinctive advantage attributed to the presence of capping ligands and a crystal lattice structured around face-sharing octahedra. When employed as the active layer in resistive random-access memory devices, these NRs demonstrate exceptional bipolar switching properties. A remarkable on/off ratio (105 ) is achieved, surpassing the performances of previously reported low-dimensional perovskite derivatives and α-FAPbI3 NP-based devices. This enhanced performance is attributed to the low off-state current owing to the reduced number of halide vacancies, intrinsic low dimensionality, and the parallel alignment of NRs on the FTO substrate. This study not only provides significant insights into the development of superior materials for memristor applications but also opens new avenues for exploring low-dimensional perovskite derivatives in advanced electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Muthu
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - A N Resmi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 547, India
| | - Avija Ajayakumar
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - N E Aswathi Ravindran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
| | - G Dayal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 547, India
| | - K B Jinesh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 547, India
| | - Konrad Szaciłowski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30 059, Poland
| | - Chakkooth Vijayakumar
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jeon J, Cho K, Kim S. Read Operation Mechanism of Feedback Field-Effect Transistors with Quasi-Nonvolatile Memory States. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:210. [PMID: 38251173 PMCID: PMC10819914 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the read operation of feedback field-effect transistors (FBFETs) with quasi-nonvolatile memory states was analyzed using a device simulator. For FBFETs, write pulses of 40 ns formed potential barriers in their channels, and charge carriers were accumulated (depleted) in these channels, generating the memory state "State 1 (State 0)". Read pulses of 40 ns read these states with a retention time of 3 s, and the potential barrier formation and carrier accumulation were influenced by these read pulses. The potential barriers were analyzed, using junction voltage and current density to explore the memory states. Moreover, FBFETs exhibited nondestructive readout characteristics during the read operation, which depended on the read voltage and pulse width.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoungah Cho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sangsig Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fang H, Wang J, Nie F, Zhang N, Yu T, Zhao L, Shi C, Zhang P, He B, Lü W, Zheng L. Giant Electroresistance in Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions via High-Throughput Designs: Toward High-Performance Neuromorphic Computing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1015-1024. [PMID: 38156871 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation devices for data storage and neuromorphic computing owing to their advantages such as fast operation speed, low energy consumption, convenient 3D stack ability, etc. Here, dramatically different from the conventional engineering approaches, we have developed a tunnel barrier decoration strategy to improve the ON/OFF ratio, where the ultrathin SrTiO3 (STO) dielectric layers are periodically mounted onto the BaTiO3 (BTO) ferroelectric tunnel layer using the high-throughput technique. The inserted STO enhances the local tetragonality of the BTO, resulting in a strengthened ferroelectricity in the tunnel layer, which greatly improves the OFF state and reduces the ON state. Combined with the optimized oxygen migration, which can further manipulate the tunneling barrier, a record-high ON/OFF ratio of ∼108 has been achieved. Furthermore, utilizing these FTJ-based artificial synapses, an artificial neural network has been simulated via back-propagation algorithms, and a classification accuracy as high as 92% has been achieved. This study screens out the prominent FTJ by the high-throughput technique, advancing the tunnel layer decoration at the atomic level in the FTJ design and offering a fundamental understanding of the multimechanisms in the tunnel barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Fang Nie
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Tongliang Yu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Le Zhao
- School of Information and Automation Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chaoqun Shi
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Bin He
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Weiming Lü
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Limei Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mentré O, Leclercq B, Arevalo-Lopez AM, Pautrat A, Petit S, Minaud C, Daviero-Minaud S, Hovhannisyan RA, Stolyarov VS. Multivalued Memory via Freezing of Super-Hard Magnetic Domains in a Quasi 2D-Magnet. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300491. [PMID: 37490517 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The design of high-density non-volatile memories is a long-standing dream, limited by conventional storage "0" or "1" bits. An alternative paradigm exists in which regions within candidate materials can be magnetized to intermediate values between the saturation limits. In principle, this paves the way to multivalued bits, vastly increasing storage density. Single-molecule magnets, are good examples offering transitions between intramolecular quantum levels, but require ultra-low temperatures and limited relaxation time between magnetization states. It is showed here that the quasi 2D-Ising compound BaFe2 (PO4 )2 overcomes these limitations. The combination of giant magneto-crystalline anisotropy, strong ferromagnetic exchange, and strong intrinsic pinning creates remarkably narrow magnetic domain walls, collectively freezing under Tf ≈15 K. This results in a transition from a soft to a super-hard magnet (coercive force > 14 T). Any magnetization can then be printed and robustly protected from external fields with an energy barrier >9T at 2 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mentré
- UCCS - Axe Chimie du Solide - Groupe MISSP, UMR-CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Cedex, 59652, France
| | - Bastien Leclercq
- UCCS - Axe Chimie du Solide - Groupe MISSP, UMR-CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Cedex, 59652, France
| | - Angel M Arevalo-Lopez
- UCCS - Axe Chimie du Solide - Groupe MISSP, UMR-CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Cedex, 59652, France
| | - Alain Pautrat
- CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, Caen, 14050, France
| | - Sylvain Petit
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, F-91191, France
| | - Claire Minaud
- Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul - CNRS (FR2638), Université de Lille, Université d'Artois, Centrale Lille, CNRS, l'INRAE, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, 59650, France
| | - Sylvie Daviero-Minaud
- UCCS - Axe Chimie du Solide - Groupe MISSP, UMR-CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Cedex, 59652, France
| | - Razmik A Hovhannisyan
- Advanced Mesoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Vasily S Stolyarov
- Advanced Mesoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li S, Lin X, Li P, Zhao S, Si Z, Wei G, Koopmans B, Lavrijsen R, Zhao W. Ultralow Power and Shifting-Discretized Magnetic Racetrack Memory Device Driven by Chirality Switching and Spin Current. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39946-39955. [PMID: 37581258 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic racetrack memory has significantly evolved and developed since its first experimental verification and is considered one of the most promising candidates for future high-density on-chip solid-state memory. However, both the lack of a fast and precise magnetic domain wall (DW) shifting mechanism and the required extremely high DW motion (DWM) driving current make the racetrack difficult to commercialize. Here, we propose a method for coherent DWM that is free from the above issues, which is driven by chirality switching (CS) and an ultralow spin-orbit-torque (SOT) current. The CS, as the driving force of DWM, is achieved by the sign change of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, which is further induced by a ferroelectric switching voltage. The SOT is used to break the symmetry when the magnetic moment is rotated in the Bloch direction. We numerically investigate the underlying principle and the effect of key parameters on the DWM by micromagnetic simulations. Under the CS mechanism, a fast (∼102 m/s), ultralow energy (∼5 attoJoule), and precisely discretized DWM can be achieved. Considering that skyrmions with topological protection and smaller size are also promising for future racetracks, we similarly evaluate the feasibility of applying such a CS mechanism to a skyrmion. However, we find that the CS causes it to "breathe" instead of moving. Our results demonstrate that the CS strategy is suitable for future DW racetrack memory with ultralow power consumption and discretized DWM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Pingzhi Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Suteng Zhao
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhizhong Si
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guodong Wei
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bert Koopmans
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Lavrijsen
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang L, Tang C, Sanvito S, Du A. Highly degenerate 2D ferroelectricity in pore decorated covalent/metal organic frameworks. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 37093015 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity, a fundamental concept in low-dimensional physics, serves as the basis of non-volatile information storage and various electronic devices. Conventional 2D ferroelectric (FE) materials are usually two-fold degenerate, meaning that they can only store two logical states. In order to break such limitation, a new concept of highly degenerate ferroelectricity with multiple FE states (more than 2) coexisting in a single 2D material is proposed. This is obtained through the asymmetrical decoration of porous covalent/metal organic frameworks (COFs/MOFs). Using first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, Li-decorated 2D Cr(pyz)2 is systematically explored as a prototype of highly degenerate 2D FE materials. We show that 2D FE Li0.5Cr(pyz)2 and LiCr(pyz)2 are four-fold and eight-fold degenerate, respectively, with sizable spontaneous electric polarization that can be switched across low transition barriers. In particular, the coupling between neighbouring electric dipoles in LiCr(pyz)2 induces novel ferroelectricity-controlled ferroelastic transition and direction-controllable hole transport channels. Moreover, three-fold and six-fold degenerate ferroelectricity is also demonstrated in P-decorated g-C3N4 and Ru-decorated C2N, respectively. Our work presents a general route to obtain highly degenerate 2D ferroelectricity, which goes beyond the two-state paradigm of traditional 2D FE materials and substantially broadens the applications of 2D FE compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Stefano Sanvito
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang CY, Li H, Wu Y, Lin CH, Guan X, Hu L, Kim J, Zhu X, Zeng H, Wu T. Inorganic Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: A Versatile Nanomaterial Platform for Electronic Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:16. [PMID: 36580150 PMCID: PMC9800676 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have generated significant attention in recent years because of their extraordinary physical properties and photovoltaic performance. Among these, inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) stand out for their prominent merits, such as quantum confinement effects, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and defect-tolerant structures. Additionally, ligand engineering and an all-inorganic composition lead to a robust platform for ambient-stable QD devices. This review presents the state-of-the-art research progress on inorganic perovskite QDs, emphasizing their electronic applications. In detail, the physical properties of inorganic perovskite QDs will be introduced first, followed by a discussion of synthesis methods and growth control. Afterwards, the emerging applications of inorganic perovskite QDs in electronics, including transistors and memories, will be presented. Finally, this review will provide an outlook on potential strategies for advancing inorganic perovskite QD technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Hanchen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Ye Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ho Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hao R, Zhang K, Chen W, Qu J, Kang S, Zhang X, Zhu D, Zhao W. Significant Role of Interfacial Spin-Orbit Coupling in the Spin-to-Charge Conversion in Pt/NiFe Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:57321-57327. [PMID: 36525266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For the spin-to-charge conversion (SCC) in heavy metal/ferromagnet (HM/FM) heterostructure, the contribution of interfacial spin-orbit coupling (SOC) remains controversial. Here, we investigate the SCC process of the Pt/NiFe heterostructure by the spin pumping in YIG/Pt/NiFe/IrMn multilayers. Due to the exchange bias of NiFe/IrMn structure, the NiFe magnetization can be switched between magnetically unsaturated and saturated states by opposite resonance fields of YIG layer. The spin-pumping signal is found to decrease significantly when the NiFe magnetization is changed from the saturated state to the unsaturated state. Theoretical analysis indicates that the interfacial spin absorption is enhanced for the above-mentioned NiFe magnetic state change, which results in the increased and decreased spin flow in the Pt layer and across the Pt/NiFe interface, respectively. These results demonstrate that in our case the interfacial SOC effect at the Pt/NiFe interface is dominant over the bulk inverse spin Hall effect in the Pt layer. Our work reveals a significant role of interfacial SOC in the SCC in HM/FM heterostructure, which can promote the development of high-efficiency spintronic devices through interfacial engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runrun Hao
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Weibin Chen
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Junda Qu
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shishou Kang
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Truth Instruments Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park B, Hwang Y, Kwon O, Hwang S, Lee JA, Choi DH, Lee SK, Kim AR, Cho B, Kwon JD, Lee JI, Kim Y. Robust 2D MoS 2 Artificial Synapse Device Based on a Lithium Silicate Solid Electrolyte for High-Precision Analogue Neuromorphic Computing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53038-53047. [PMID: 36394301 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-precision artificial synaptic devices compatible with existing CMOS technology are essential for realizing robust neuromorphic hardware systems with reliable parallel analogue computation beyond the von Neumann serial digital computing architecture. However, critical issues related to reliability and variability, such as nonlinearity and asymmetric weight updates, have been great challenges in the implementation of artificial synaptic devices in practical neuromorphic hardware systems. Herein, a robust three-terminal two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 artificial synaptic device combined with a lithium silicate (LSO) solid-state electrolyte thin film is proposed. The rationally designed synaptic device exhibits excellent linearity and symmetry upon electrical potentiation and depression, benefiting from the reversible intercalation of Li ions into the MoS2 channel. In particular, extremely low cycle-to-cycle variations (3.01%) during long-term potentiation and depression processes over 500 pulses are achieved, causing statistical analogue discrete states. Thus, a high classification accuracy of 96.77% (close to the software baseline of 98%) is demonstrated in the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) simulations. These results provide a future perspective for robust synaptic device architecture of lithium solid-state electrolytes stacked with 2D van der Waals layered channels for high-precision analogue neuromorphic computing systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongjin Park
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Nanosurface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon51508, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63-beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Hwang
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Nanosurface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon51508, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ojun Kwon
- Department of Advanced Material Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon Hwang
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Nanosurface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon51508, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63-beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ah Lee
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Nanosurface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon51508, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63-beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Nanosurface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon51508, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63-beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Ki Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63-beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Ra Kim
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Nanosurface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon51508, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjin Cho
- Department of Advanced Material Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Dae Kwon
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Nanosurface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon51508, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Je In Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63-beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghun Kim
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Nanosurface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon51508, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Facile synthesis of MXene−Polyvinyl alcohol hybrid material for robust flexible memristor. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Kim J, Park J, Kim S. Bipolar Switching Characteristics of Transparent WO X-Based RRAM for Synaptic Application and Neuromorphic Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7185. [PMID: 36295253 PMCID: PMC9605663 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we evaluate the resistive switching (RS) and synaptic characteristics of a fully transparent resistive random-access memory (T-RRAM) device based on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes. Here, we fabricated ITO/WOX/ITO capacitor structure and incorporated DC-sputtered WOX as the switching layer between the two ITO electrodes. The device shows approximately 77% (including the glass substrate) of optical transmittance in visible light and exhibits reliable bipolar switching behavior. The current-voltage (I-V) curve is divided into two types: partial and full curves affected by the magnitude of the positive voltage during the reset process. In the partial curve, we confirmed that the retention could be maintained for more than 104 s and the endurance for more than 300 cycles could be stably secured. The switching mechanism based on the formation/rupture of the filament is further explained through the extra oxygen vacancies provided by the ITO electrodes. Finally, we examined the responsive potentiation and depression to check the synaptic characteristics of the device. We believe that the transparent WOX-based RRAM could be a milestone for neuromorphic devices as well as future non-volatile transparent memory.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li S, Li M, Chen L, Xu X, Cui A, Zhou X, Jiang K, Shang L, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhu L, Hu Z, Chu J. Ultra-Stable, Endurable, and Flexible Sb 2Te xSe 3-x Phase Change Devices for Memory Application and Wearable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45600-45610. [PMID: 36178431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible memory and wearable electronics represent an emerging technology, thanks to their reliability, compatibility, and superior performance. Here, an Sb2TexSe3-x (STSe) phase change material was grown on flexible mica, which not only exhibited superior nature in thermal stability for phase change memory application but also revealed novel function performance in wearable electronics, thanks to its excellent mechanical reliability and endurance. The thermal stability of Sb2Te3 was improved obviously with the crystallization temperature elevated 60 K after Se doping, for the enhanced charge localization and stronger bonding energy, which was validated by the Vienna ab initio simulation package calculations. Based on the ultra-stability of STSe, the STSe-based phase change memory shows 65 000 reversible phase change ability. Moreover, the assembled flexible device can show real-time monitoring and recoverability response in sensing human activities in different parts of the body, which proves its effective reusability and potential as wearable electronics. Most importantly, the STSe device presents remarkable working reliability, reflected by excellent endurance over 100 s and long retention over 100 h. These results paved a novel way to utilize STSe phase change materials for flexible memory and wearable electronics with extreme thermal and mechanical stability and brilliant performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubing Li
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ming Li
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li Chen
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xionghu Xu
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Anyang Cui
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liyan Shang
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liangqing Zhu
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhigao Hu
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang L, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Wu Z, Chen X, Du S. Reservoir Computing-Based Design of ZnO Memristor-Type Digital Identification Circuits. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1700. [PMID: 36296053 PMCID: PMC9612329 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reservoir Computing (RC) is a network architecture inspired by biological neural systems that maps time-dimensional input features to a high-dimensional space for computation. The key to hardware implementation of the RC system is whether sufficient reservoir states can be generated. In this paper, a laboratory-prepared zinc oxide (ZnO) memristor is reported and modeled. The device is found to have nonlinear dynamic responses and characteristics of simulating neurosynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Based on this, a novel two-level RC structure based on the ZnO memristor is proposed. Novel synaptic encoding is used to maintain stress activity based on the characteristics of after-discharge and proneness to fatigue during synaptic transmission. This greatly alleviates the limitations of the self-attenuating characteristic reservoir of the duration and interval of the input signal. This makes the reservoir, in combination with a fully connected neural network, an ideal system for time series classification. The experimental results show that the recognition rate for the complete MNIST dataset is 95.08% when 35 neurons are present as hidden layers while achieving low training consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixun Wang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuejun Zhang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhecheng Guo
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xinhui Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321017, China
| | - Shimin Du
- College of Science & Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315300, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang X, Chen H, Cheng S, Guo F, Jie W, Hao J. Tunable Resistive Switching in 2D MXene Ti 3C 2 Nanosheets for Non-Volatile Memory and Neuromorphic Computing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44614-44621. [PMID: 36136123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An artificial synapse is essential for neuromorphic computing which has been expected to overcome the bottleneck of the traditional von-Neumann system. Memristors can work as an artificial synapse owing to their tunable non-volatile resistance states which offer the capabilities of information storage, processing, and computing. In this work, memristors based on two-dimensional (2D) MXene Ti3C2 nanosheets sandwiched by Pt electrodes are investigated in terms of resistive switching (RS) characteristics, synaptic functions, and neuromorphic computing. Digital and analog RS behaviors are found to coexist depending on the magnitude of operation voltage. Digital RS behaviors with two resistance states possessing a large switching ratio exceeding 103 can be achieved under a high operation voltage. Analog RS behaviors with a series of resistance states exhibiting a gradual change can be observed at a relatively low operation voltage. Furthermore, artificial synapses can be implemented based on the memristors with the basic synaptic functions, such as long-term plasticity of long-term potentiation and depression and short-term plasticity of the paired-pulse facilitation and depression. Moreover, the "learning-forgetting" experience is successfully emulated based on the artificial synapses. Also, more importantly, the artificial synapses can construct an artificial neural network to implement image recognition. The coexistence of digital and analog RS behaviors in the 2D Ti3C2 nanosheets suggests the potential applications in non-volatile memory and neuromorphic computing, which is expected to facilitate simplifying the manufacturing complexity for complex neutral systems where analog and digital switching is essential for information storage and processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Haohan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Siqi Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wenjing Jie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim M, Rehman MA, Lee D, Wang Y, Lim DH, Khan MF, Choi H, Shao QY, Suh J, Lee HS, Park HH. Filamentary and Interface-Type Memristors Based on Tantalum Oxide for Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Hardware. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44561-44571. [PMID: 36164762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To implement artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on memristor devices, it is essential to secure the linearity and symmetry in weight update characteristics of the memristor, and reliability in the cycle-to-cycle and device-to-device variations. This study experimentally demonstrated and compared the filamentary and interface-type resistive switching (RS) behaviors of tantalum oxide (Ta2O5 and TaO2)-based devices grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to propose a suitable RS type in terms of reliability and weight update characteristics. Although Ta2O5 is a strong candidate for memristor, the filament-type RS behavior of Ta2O5 does not fit well with ANNs demanding analog memory characteristics. Therefore, this study newly designed an interface-type TaO2 memristor and compared it to a filament type of Ta2O5 memristor to secure the weight update characteristics and reliability. The TaO2-based interface-type memristor exhibited gradual RS characteristics and area dependency in both high- and low-resistance states. In addition, compared to the filamentary memristor, the RS behaviors of the TaO2-based interface-type device exhibited higher suitability for the neuromorphic, symmetric, and linear long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). These findings suggest better types of memristors for implementing ionic memristor-based ANNs among the two types of RS mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Malik Abdul Rehman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Haryeong Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Qing Yi Shao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Joonki Suh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Hong-Sub Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guan X, Lei Z, Yu X, Lin CH, Huang JK, Huang CY, Hu L, Li F, Vinu A, Yi J, Wu T. Low-Dimensional Metal-Halide Perovskites as High-Performance Materials for Memory Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203311. [PMID: 35989093 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have drawn profuse attention during the past decade, owing to their excellent electrical and optical properties, facile synthesis, efficient energy conversion, and so on. Meanwhile, the development of information storage technologies and digital communications has fueled the demand for novel semiconductor materials. Low-dimensional perovskites have offered a new force to propel the developments of the memory field due to the excellent physical and electrical properties associated with the reduced dimensionality. In this review, the mechanisms, properties, as well as stability and performance of low-dimensional perovskite memories, involving both molecular-level perovskites and structure-level nanostructures, are comprehensively reviewed. The property-performance correlation is discussed in-depth, aiming to present effective strategies for designing memory devices based on this new class of high-performance materials. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Zhihao Lei
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Xuechao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chun-Ho Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jing-Kai Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- School of Physics, Nano Institute, ACMM, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang G, Li H, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Yuan J, Wang Y, Lu J. Nanomicelles Array for Ultrahigh-Density Data Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202637. [PMID: 35810450 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-density data storage devices based on organic and polymer materials are currently restricted by two key issues, size limitations and uniformity of memory cells. Herein, one triblock polymer is synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization, where the polymer contains an electron-donor-acceptor (A1 D) segment, an electron-acceptor (A2 ) segment, and a hydrophilic segment, that shows ternary memory behavior in a conventional sandwich-type device. The polymers that have monodisperse molecular weight dispersity self-assemble into nanomicelles with a uniform size of 80 nm. Each nanomicelle is composed of an A1 DA2 -type hydrophobic core stabilized with a hydrophilic shell. Nanobowls based on conductive oxide are prepared via the template method, wherein the nanomicelles are present as independent nanoscale memory units to produce an array of micelle matrices. Investigations of the resulting nanomemory device using conductive atomic force microscopy show that the micelles exhibit a predominant semiconductor memory behavior. Compared to traditional ternary devices with a memory unit size of ≈1 mm, this innovative fabrication method based on arrayed uniform nanomicelles downscales the size of storage cells to 80 nm. Furthermore, the described system leads to a greatly enhanced storage density (>108 times over the same area), which opens up new paths for further development of ultrahigh-density data storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qijian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim SY, Yu JM, Lee GS, Yun DH, Kim MS, Kim JK, Kim DJ, Lee GB, Kim MS, Han JK, Seo M, Choi YK. Synaptic Segmented Transistor with Improved Linearity by Schottky Junctions and Accelerated Speed by Double-Layered Nitride. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32261-32269. [PMID: 35797493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuromorphic devices have been extensively studied to overcome the limitations of a von Neumann system for artificial intelligence. A synaptic device is one of the most important components in the hardware integration for a neuromorphic system because a number of synaptic devices can be connected to a neuron with compactness as high as possible. Therefore, synaptic devices using silicon-based memory, which are advantageous for a high packing density and mass production due to matured fabrication technologies, have attracted considerable attention. In this study, a segmented transistor devoted to an artificial synapse is proposed for the first time to improve the linearity of the potentiation and depression (P/D). It is a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible device that harnesses both non-ohmic Schottky junctions of the source and drain for improved weight linearity and double-layered nitride for enhanced speed. It shows three distinct and unique segments in drain current-gate voltage transfer characteristics induced by Schottky junctions. In addition, the different stoichiometries of SixNy for a double-layered nitride is utilized as a charge trap layer for boosting the operation speed. This work can bring the industry potentially one step closer to realizing the mass production of hardware-based synaptic devices in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Yeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- SK Hynix Inc., Icheon 17336, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Man Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Sung Lee
- National Nanofab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Yun
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- SK Hynix Inc., Icheon 17336, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Jin Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Beom Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Su Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Kyu Han
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsoo Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Z, Guan Z, Sun H, Luo Z, Zhao H, Wang H, Yin Y, Li X. High-Speed Nanoscale Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction for Multilevel Memory and Neural Network Computing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24602-24609. [PMID: 35604049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) is one promising candidate for next-generation nonvolatile data storage and neural network computing systems. In this work, the high-performance 50 nm-diameter Au/Ti/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (∼3 nm, (111)-oriented)/Nb:SrTiO3 (Nb: 0.7 wt %) FTJs are achieved to demonstrate the scaling down capability of FTJ. As a nonvolatile memory, the FTJ shows eight distinct resistance states (3 bits) with a large ON/OFF ratio (>103), and these states can be switched at a fast speed of 10 ns. Intriguingly, the long-term potentiation/depression and spike timing-dependent plasticity, that is, fundamental functions of biological synapses, can be emulated in the nanoscale FTJ-based artificial synapse. A convolutional neural network (CNN) simulation is then carried out based on the experimental results, and a high recognition accuracy of ∼93.8% on fashion product images is obtained, which is very close to the result of ∼94.4% by a floating-point-based CNN software. In particular, the FTJ-based CNN simulation also exhibits robustness to input image noises. These results indicate the great potential of FTJ for high-density information storage and neural network computing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zeyu Guan
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haoyu Zhao
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuewei Yin
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu Y, Liang JS, Mathayan V, Nyberg T, Primetzhofer D, Shi X, Zhang Z. High Performance Full-Inorganic Flexible Memristor with Combined Resistance-Switching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21173-21180. [PMID: 35477302 PMCID: PMC9100493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Flexible memristors hold great promise for flexible electronics applications but are still lacking of good electrical performance together with mechanical flexibility. Herein, we demonstrate a full-inorganic nanoscale flexible memristor by using free-standing ductile α-Ag2S films as both a flexible substrate and a functional electrolyte. The device accesses dense multiple-level nonvolatile states with a record high 106 ON/OFF ratio. This exceptional memristor performance is induced by sequential processes of Schottky barrier modification at the contact interface and filament formation inside the electrolyte. In addition, it is crucial to ensure that the cathode junction, where Ag+ is reduced to Ag, dominates the total resistance and takes the most of setting bias before the filament formation. Our study provides a comprehensive insight into the resistance-switching mechanism in conductive-bridging memristors and offers a new strategy toward high performance flexible memristors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| | - Jia-sheng Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Vairavel Mathayan
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| | - Tomas Nyberg
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| | - Daniel Primetzhofer
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| | - Xun Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei S, Jiang J, Sun L, Li J, Tao TH, Zhou Z. A Hierarchically Encoded Data Storage Device with Controlled Transiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201035. [PMID: 35293037 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the era of information explosion, high-security and high-capacity data storage technology attracts more and more attention. Physically transient electronics, a form of electronics that can physically disappear with precisely controlled degradation behaviors, paves the way for secure data storage. Herein, the authors report a silk-based hierarchically encoded data storage device (HEDSD) with controlled transiency. The HEDSD can store electronic, photonic, and optical information simultaneously by synergistically integrating a resistive switching memory (ReRAM), a terahertz metamaterial device, and a diffractive optical element, respectively. These three data storage units have shared materials and structures but diverse encoding mechanisms, which increases the degree of complexity and capacity of stored information. Silk plays an important role as a building material in the HEDSD thanks to its excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties and controlled transiency as a naturally extracted protein. By controlling the degradation rate of storage units of the silk-based HEDSD, different degradation modes of the HEDSD, and multilevel information encryption/decryption have been realized. Compared with the conventional memory devices, as-reported silk-based HEDSD can store multilevel complex information and realize multilevel information encryption and decryption, which is highly desirable to fulfill the future demands of secure memory systems and implantable storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianjuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Long Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jianxing Li
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fan Y, Han X, Zhao X, Dong Y, Chen Y, Bai L, Yan S, Tian Y. Programmable Spin-Orbit Torque Multistate Memory and Spin Logic Cell. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6878-6885. [PMID: 35349269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controllable spin-orbit torque based nonvolatile memory is highly desired for constructing energy efficient reconfigurable logic-in-memory computing suitable for emerging data-intensive applications. Here, we report our exploration of the IrMn/Co/Ru/CoPt/CoO heterojunction as a potential candidate for applications in both multistate memory and programmable spin logic. The studied heterojunction can be programmed into four different magnetic configurations at will by tuning both the in-plane exchange bias at the interface of IrMn and Co layers and the out-of-plane exchange bias at the interface of CoPt and CoO layers. Moreover, on the basis of the controllable exchange bias effect, 10 states of nonvolatile memory and multiple logic-in-memory functions have been demonstrated. Our findings indicate that IrMn/Co/Ru/CoPt/CoO multilayered structures can be used as a building block for next-generation logic-in-memory and multifunctional multidimensional spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Fan
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiang Han
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanxue Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lihui Bai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shishen Yan
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yufeng Tian
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bie J, Zhou J, Fa W. Quasi‐1D Antiferroelectricity in Centrosymmetric CsTaS
3
Crystal. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jian Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Wei Fa
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shen J, Xue F, Wang G, Li Y, Dong H, Zhang Q. Effective Transport Tunnels Achieved by 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine-Induced Intermolecular C-H...N Interaction and Anion Radicals for Stable ReRAM Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8218-8225. [PMID: 35107274 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The D-A structured small-molecule-based resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) device has been well-researched in the last decade, and the switching mechanism was mainly induced by the intramolecular/intermolecular charge transfer processes from the donors to the acceptors. However, in the previous work, some small molecules with pristine electron acceptors in the backbone could still show the typical memory behaviors, of which the switching mechanism is still ambiguous. In this work, two 1,2,4,5-tetrazine based n-type small-molecular isomers, 2-DPTZ and 4-DPTZ, with the same electron acceptor, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and pyridine, are chosen to investigate the isomeric effects on molecular packing, switching mechanism, and memory performance. Because of the abundant nitrogen atoms with a localized lone pair of electrons in the sp2 orbital, 2-DPTZ and 4-DPTZ compounds could self-assemble into a long-range ordered molecular packing through intermolecular C-H...N interactions, affording effective transporting tunnels for charge-carrier transport. As expected, the sandwich-structured ITO/2-DPTZ or 4-DPTZ/Al memory devices both showed binary memory characteristics, with 2-DPTZ based memory devices showing the write once read many times (WORM) memory behavior and 4-DPTZ based memory devices having the negative differential resistance (NDR) memory performance. These distinct ReRAM properties arose from the different morphologies of 2-DPTZ and 4-DPTZ films that were induced by the different packing styles between the adjacent molecules, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) height images. Most importantly, the switching mechanism was thought to be attributed to the injected electrons that reduced the neutral molecules of 2-DPTZ and 4-DPTZ to their corresponding anion radicals. Thus, this present work helps us better understand the conducting mechanism of small molecules with pristine electron acceptors in the backbone and provides a supplementary guideline for designing multilevel small molecules to match the structure-stacking-property relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Shen
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Guan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Huilong Dong
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Qijian Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang C, Li Y, Li Z, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Zhao R, Zou J, Wang Y, Wang K, Ma C, Zhang Q. Nanofiber Architecture Engineering Implemented by Electrophoretic-Induced Self-Assembly Deposition Technology for Flash-Type Memristors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3111-3120. [PMID: 34985856 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been recognized as a promising large-scale film preparation technology for industrial application. Inspired by the conventional EPD method and the crystal diffusion growth strategy, we propose a modified electrophoretic-induced self-assembly deposition (EPAD) technique to control the morphologies of organic functional materials. Here, an ionic-type dye with a conjugated skeleton and strong noncovalent interactions, celestine blue (CB), is chosen as a module molecule for EPAD investigation. As expected, CB molecules can assemble into different nanostructures, dominated by applied voltage, concentration effect, and duration. Compared to a nanopillar layered packing structure formed by the traditional spin-coating method, the EPAD approach can produce a nanofiber structure under a fixed condition of 10 V/10 min. Intriguingly, a memristor device based on a pillar-like nanostructure exhibits WORM-type behavior, while a device based on nanofibers presents Flash memory performance. The assemble process and the memory mechanism are uncovered by molecular dynamics simulations and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work endows the typical EPD technique with a fresh application scenario, where an in-depth study on the growth mechanism of nanofibers and the positive effect of unique morphologies on memristor performance are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yucheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Jinlei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Run Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Jingyun Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Kuaibing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunlan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gaponenko I, Cherifi-Hertel S, Acevedo-Salas U, Bassiri-Gharb N, Paruch P. Correlative imaging of ferroelectric domain walls. Sci Rep 2022; 12:165. [PMID: 34997108 PMCID: PMC8741908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The wealth of properties in functional materials at the nanoscale has attracted tremendous interest over the last decades, spurring the development of ever more precise and ingenious characterization techniques. In ferroelectrics, for instance, scanning probe microscopy based techniques have been used in conjunction with advanced optical methods to probe the structure and properties of nanoscale domain walls, revealing complex behaviours such as chirality, electronic conduction or localised modulation of mechanical response. However, due to the different nature of the characterization methods, only limited and indirect correlation has been achieved between them, even when the same spatial areas were probed. Here, we propose a fast and unbiased analysis method for heterogeneous spatial data sets, enabling quantitative correlative multi-technique studies of functional materials. The method, based on a combination of data stacking, distortion correction, and machine learning, enables a precise mesoscale analysis. When applied to a data set containing scanning probe microscopy piezoresponse and second harmonic generation polarimetry measurements, our workflow reveals behaviours that could not be seen by usual manual analysis, and the origin of which is only explainable by using the quantitative correlation between the two data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iaroslav Gaponenko
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Salia Cherifi-Hertel
- CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Ulises Acevedo-Salas
- CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nazanin Bassiri-Gharb
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Patrycja Paruch
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
de Araujo CIL, Teixeira HA, Toro OO, Liao C, Benetti LC, Borme J, Schafer D, Brandt I, Ferreira R, Alpuim P, Freitas PP, Pasa AA. Room temperature two terminal tunnel magnetoresistance in a lateral graphene transistor. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20028-20033. [PMID: 34842882 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05495c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the behavior of both pure spin and spin-polarized currents measured with four-probe non-local and two probe local configurations up to room temperature and under an external gate voltage in a lateral graphene transistor, produced using a standard large-scale microfabrication process. The high spin diffusion length of pristine graphene in the channel, measured both directly and by the Hanle effect, and the tuning of the relationship between the electrode resistance areas present in the device architecture allowed us to observe local tunnel magnetoresistance at room temperature, a new finding for this type of device. The results also indicate that while pure spin currents are less sensitive to temperature variations, spin-polarized current switching by an external voltage is more efficient, due to a combination of the Rashba effect and a change in carrier mobility by a Fermi level shift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C I L de Araujo
- Departamento de Fìsica, Laboratório de Spintrônica e Nanomagnetismo, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - H A Teixeira
- Departamento de Fìsica, Laboratório de Spintrônica e Nanomagnetismo, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - O O Toro
- Departamento de Fìsica, Laboratório de Spintrônica e Nanomagnetismo, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - C Liao
- INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - L C Benetti
- INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
- Laboratório de Filmes Finos e Superfícies (LFFS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - J Borme
- INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - D Schafer
- Laboratório de Filmes Finos e Superfícies (LFFS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - I Brandt
- Laboratório de Filmes Finos e Superfícies (LFFS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - R Ferreira
- INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - P Alpuim
- INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo P Freitas
- INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - A A Pasa
- Laboratório de Filmes Finos e Superfícies (LFFS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oh J, Yoon SM. Resistive Memory Devices Based on Reticular Materials for Electrical Information Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56777-56792. [PMID: 34842430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, reticular materials, such as metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, have been proposed as an active insulating layer in resistive switching memory systems through their chemically tunable porous structure. A resistive random access memory (RRAM) cell, a digital memristor, is one of the most outstanding emergent memory devices that achieves high-density electrical information storage with variable electrical resistance states between two terminals. The overall design of the RRAM devices comprises an insulating layer sandwiched between two metal electrodes (metal/insulator/metal). RRAM devices with fast switching speeds and enhanced storage density have the potential to be manufactured with excellent scalability owing to their relatively simple device architecture. In this review, recent progress on the development of reticular material-based RRAM devices and the study of their operational mechanisms are reviewed, and new challenges and future perspectives related to reticular material-based RRAM are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Wonkwang Materials Institute of Science and Technology, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Min Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Wonkwang Materials Institute of Science and Technology, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Antad V, Shaikh PA, Biswas A, Rajput SS, Deo S, Shelke MV, Patil S, Ogale S. Resistive Switching in HfO 2-x/La 0.67Sr 0.33MnO 3 Heterostructures: An Intriguing Case of Low H-Field Susceptibility of an E-Field Controlled Active Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54133-54142. [PMID: 34726370 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance nonvolatile resistive random access memories (ReRAMs) and their small stimuli control are of immense interest for high-speed computation and big-data processing in the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) arena. Here, we examine the resistive switching (RS) behavior in growth-controlled HfO2/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) heterostructures and their tunability in a low magnetic field. It is demonstrated that oxygen-deficient HfO2 films show bipolar switching with a high on/off ratio, stable retention, as well as good endurance owing to the orthorhombic-rich phase constitution and charge (de)trapping-enabled Schottky-type conduction. Most importantly, we have demonstrated that RS can be tuned by a very low externally applied magnetic field (∼0-30 mT). Remarkably, application of a magnetic field of 30 mT causes RS to be fully quenched and frozen in the high resistive state (HRS) even after the removal of the magnetic field. However, the quenched state could be resurrected by applying a higher bias voltage than the one for initial switching. This is argued to be a consequence of the electronically and ionically "active" nature of the HfO2-x/LSMO interface on both sides and its susceptibility to the electric and low magnetic field effects. This result could pave the way for new designs of interface-engineered high-performance oxitronic ReRAM devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Antad
- Department of Physics and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune 411008, India
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, MES's Nowrosjee Wadia College of Arts and Science, Pune 411001, India
| | - Parvez A Shaikh
- Department of Physics, AKI's Poona College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pune 411001, India
| | - Abhijit Biswas
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Shatruhan Singh Rajput
- Department of Physics and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shrinivas Deo
- Centre for Materials Characterization, CSIR-NCL, Pune 411008, India
| | - Manjusha V Shelke
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, Polymer and Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-NCL, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shivprasad Patil
- Department of Physics and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | - Satishchandra Ogale
- Department of Physics and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune 411008, India
- Research Institute for Sustainable Energy (RISE), TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology (TCG-CREST), Kolkata 700091, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bian H, Goh YY, Liu Y, Ling H, Xie L, Liu X. Stimuli-Responsive Memristive Materials for Artificial Synapses and Neuromorphic Computing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006469. [PMID: 33837601 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuromorphic computing holds promise for building next-generation intelligent systems in a more energy-efficient way than the conventional von Neumann computing architecture. Memristive hardware, which mimics biological neurons and synapses, offers high-speed operation and low power consumption, enabling energy- and area-efficient, brain-inspired computing. Here, recent advances in memristive materials and strategies that emulate synaptic functions for neuromorphic computing are highlighted. The working principles and characteristics of biological neurons and synapses, which can be mimicked by memristive devices, are presented. Besides device structures and operation with different external stimuli such as electric, magnetic, and optical fields, how memristive materials with a rich variety of underlying physical mechanisms can allow fast, reliable, and low-power neuromorphic applications is also discussed. Finally, device requirements are examined and a perspective on challenges in developing memristive materials for device engineering and computing science is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Bian
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Yiing Goh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haifeng Ling
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu M, Du W, Su H, Liu B, Meng H, Tang X. A voltage-pulse-modulated giant magnetoresistance switch with four flexible sensing ranges. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:505504. [PMID: 34479216 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article introduces an innovative technique for achieving a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) switch with an adjustable sensing field range. A spin-valve (SV) patterned into a strip shape is grown on a specific (110)-cut Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3(PMN-PT) substrate. In the process of depositing films, a magnetic easy axis of the free layer in the SV is produced along the [001] direction (thex-axis) of the PMN-PT. This PMN-PT can produce a nonvolatile strain by using a positive voltage pulse. Accordingly, the magnetic moment of the free layer can be modulated to they-axis by the strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling effect produced in the SV/PMN-PT heterostructure. Furthermore, a negative voltage pulse can release the strain and revert the magnetic moment to the initial [001] direction. The effective field along the [1-10] direction produced by the nonvolatile strain can modulate the easy axis of the free layer, changing it from thex-axis to they-axis. Therefore, large and small switching fields are achieved in a bipolar GMR switch. Furthermore, by applying positive and negative voltage pulses at appropriate moments, two asymmetrical switching field ranges are obtained. Thus, a GMR switch with four adjustable switching field ranges can be obtained. The proposed modulating model is flexible and can meet the requirements of specific and different application systems. The proposed design reveals a great potential for the application to the internet of things and the development of low-power and high-efficient magnetoresistive sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spintronics Materials, Devices and Systems of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311305, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Spintronics Materials, Devices and Systems of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311305, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cheng M, Zhang Z, Yuan X, Liu Y, Lu Z, Xiong R, Shi J. The large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy induced at the Co 2FeAl/MgAl 2O 4interface and tuned with the strain, voltage and charge doping by first principles study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:495702. [PMID: 34438388 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The heterostructures with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have advantages for the application of the nonvolatile memories with long data retention time and small size. The interface structure and magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of Co2FeAl/MgAl2O4heterostructures were studied by first principles calculations. The stable interface atomic arrangement is the Co or FeAl layer located above the equatorial oxygen coordinate in the distorted oxygen octahedrons. The Co-O interface can induce large effective PMA up to 4.54 mJ m-2, but this structure is a metastable structure. Meanwhile, the effective MAE decreases linearly as the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer increase. The effective MAE for the FeAl-O interface is only 1.3 mJ m-2, while the maximum thickness of Co2FeAl layer that maintains the PMA effect is about 1.717 nm. These values are very close to the experimental results. Throughd-orbital-resolved MAE, we confirm that the interface PMA is mainly originated from the hybridization betweendxy,dyzanddz2orbitals of interface 3datoms. In addition, the compressive strain, negative electric field and hole doping can significantly enhance the effective PMA of FeAl-O interface. At the same time, Co-O interface will become the most stable structure by tuning the Mg/Al ratio in the spinel layers. The large effective PMA makes the Co2FeAl/MgAl2O4junction a perfect candidate for the next-generation of non-volatile spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xi F, Han Y, Liu M, Bae JH, Tiedemann A, Grützmacher D, Zhao QT. Artificial Synapses Based on Ferroelectric Schottky Barrier Field-Effect Transistors for Neuromorphic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32005-32012. [PMID: 34171195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artificial synapses based on ferroelectric Schottky barrier field-effect transistors (FE-SBFETs) are experimentally demonstrated. The FE-SBFETs employ single-crystalline NiSi2 contacts with an atomically flat interface to Si and Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric layers on silicon-on-insulator substrates. The ferroelectric polarization switching dynamics gradually modulate the NiSi2/Si Schottky barriers and the potential of the channel, thus programming the device conductance with input voltage pulses. The short-term synaptic plasticity is characterized in terms of excitatory/inhibitory post-synaptic current (EPSC) and paired-pulse facilitation/depression. The EPSC amplitude shows a linear response to the amplitude of the pre-synaptic spike. Very low energy/spike consumption as small as ∼2 fJ is achieved, demonstrating high energy efficiency. Long-term potentiation/depression results show very high endurance and very small cycle-to-cycle variations (∼1%) after 105 pulse measurements. Furthermore, spike-timing-dependent plasticity is also emulated using the gate voltage pulse as the pre-synaptic spike and the drain voltage pulse as the post-synaptic spikes. These findings indicate that FE-SBFET synapses have high potential for future neuromorphic computing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengben Xi
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI 9) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technologies, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yi Han
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI 9) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technologies, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mingshan Liu
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI 9) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technologies, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jin Hee Bae
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI 9) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technologies, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Tiedemann
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI 9) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technologies, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Detlev Grützmacher
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI 9) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technologies, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Qing-Tai Zhao
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI 9) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technologies, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Poddar S, Zhang Y, Gu L, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Yan S, Kam M, Zhang S, Song Z, Hu W, Liao L, Fan Z. Down-Scalable and Ultra-fast Memristors with Ultra-high Density Three-Dimensional Arrays of Perovskite Quantum Wires. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5036-5044. [PMID: 34124910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With strikingly high speed, data retention ability and storage density, resistive RAMs have emerged as a forerunning nonvolatile memory. Here we developed a Re-RAM with ultra-high density array of monocrystalline perovskite quantum wires (QWs) as the switching matrix with a metallic silver conducting pathway. The devices demonstrated high ON/OFF ratio of ∼107 and ultra-fast switching speed of ∼100 ps which is among the fastest in literature. The devices also possess long retention time of over 2 years and record high endurance of ∼6 × 106 cycles for all perovskite Re-RAMs reported. As a concept proof, we have also successfully demonstrated a flexible Re-RAM crossbar array device with a metal-semiconductor-insulator-metal design for sneaky path mitigation, which can store information with long retention. Aggressive downscaling to ∼14 nm lateral dimension produced an ultra-small cell effectively having 76.5 nm2 area for single bit storage. Furthermore, the devices also exhibited unique optical programmability among the low resistance states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnadeep Poddar
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leilei Gu
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daquan Zhang
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qianpeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro-system and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Matthew Kam
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro-system and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhitang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro-system and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen L, Zhou J, Zhang X, Ding K, Ding J, Sun Z, Wang X. Low-Temperature Tunneling Electroresistance in Ferromagnetic Metal/Ferroelectric/Semiconductor Tunnel Junctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23282-23288. [PMID: 33944549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) as artificial synaptic devices are promising candidates for the building block of nonvolatile data storage devices. However, a small ON/OFF ratio of FTJs limits their application in low-temperature operations. In this work, the influence of quantum interference effects on tunneling electroresistance in the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 (ferromagnetic metal/ferroelectric/semiconductor) FTJ at low temperatures is investigated. The Current-voltage curves are observed in the tunnel junction from 300 to 10 K with a six-unit-cell thick BaTiO3 film by the ferroelectric polarization effect. First, the ON/OFF current ratio increases from 300 to 30 K due to the increase of polarization in the ferroelectric barrier, and then, it gradually decreases when the temperature drops below 30 K. An anomalous ON/OFF current ratio of ∼105 is obtained at 30 K. The low-temperature tunneling properties in the FTJ are associated with a low-temperature resistivity minimum in the ferromagnetic metal layer by the electron-electron interaction, which increases the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3 interface resistance, leading to a higher resistance state and lower IOFF for the OFF state. As a result, the ON/OFF current ratio is abruptly enhanced at 30 K. Our results emphasize the crucial role of transport properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 in FTJs and pave the way for the design and application of FTJs at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Kuankuan Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiang Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Zhengming Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nath SK, Nandi SK, Ratcliff T, Elliman RG. Engineering the Threshold Switching Response of Nb 2O 5-Based Memristors by Ti Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2845-2852. [PMID: 33406833 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two terminal metal-oxide-metal devices based on niobium oxide thin films exhibit a wide range of non-linear electrical characteristics that have applications in hardware-based neuromorphic computing. In this study, we compare the threshold-switching and current-controlled negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics of cross-point devices fabricated from undoped Nb2O5 and Ti-doped Nb2O5 and show that doping offers an effective means of engineering the device response for particular applications. In particular, doping is shown to improve the device reliability and to provide a means of tuning the threshold and hold voltages, the hysteresis window, and the magnitude of the negative differential resistance. Based on temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics and lumped-element modelling, these effects are attributed to doping-induced reductions in the device resistance and its rate of change with temperature (i.e., the effective thermal activation energy for conduction). Significantly, these studies also show that a critical activation energy is required for devices to exhibit NDR, with doping providing an effective means of engineering the current-voltage characteristics. These results afford an improved understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for threshold switching and provide new insights for designing devices for specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimul Kanti Nath
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Nandi
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas Ratcliff
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Robert Glen Elliman
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|