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Bhalani DV, Lee HM, Lee SH, Kim Y, Jung SH, Kim JY, Lim B. Relationship between Density Changes and Electrical Properties of Chemically Self-Assembled Monolayer Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks by Controlling Anchoring Density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2025. [PMID: 40209145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are valued for their high carrier mobility, tunable band gaps, and strong mechanical properties, making them promising for electronic applications. However, the presence of metallic SWNTs in mixtures impairs device performance, requiring the isolation of semiconducting SWNTs (sc-SWNTs). Conjugated polymer wrapping is a leading technique for this selective separation owing to its simplicity and high selectivity; however, challenges persist in achieving optimal SWNT density, uniformity, and reproducibility. In this study, chemically self-assembled monolayer sc-SWNTs are fabricated using a click reaction on prepatterned alkyne-functional adhesion layers. We elucidated the effect of variations in the azide content on the sc-SWNT selectivity, SWNT number density, uniformity, and network distribution, as well as its subsequent effect on the field-effect transistor (FET) performance. In addition, we propose gradually reducing azide functionalization in wrapping polymer side chains to enhance the sc-SWNT selectivity while maintaining effective chemical self-assembly. The sc-SWNT purity, film density, and FET performance were significantly improved when the azide content was reduced to a certain level. This study offers a pathway to enhance sc-SWNT selectivity, purity, and device performance via azide functionalization optimization, advancing the commercialization of SWNT-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixit V Bhalani
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Lee
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Jung
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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Ourabi M, Massey RS, Prakash R, Lessard BH. Adapting single-walled carbon nanotube-based thin-film transistors to flexible substrates with electrolyte-gated configurations using a versatile tri-layer polymer dielectric. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2025; 7:1154-1162. [PMID: 39777233 PMCID: PMC11701725 DOI: 10.1039/d4na01007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Flexibility has been a key selling point in the development of carbon-based electronics and sensors with the promise of further development into wearable devices. Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) lend themselves well to applications requiring flexibility while achieving high-performance. Our previous work has demonstrated a tri-layer polymer dielectric composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(vinyl alcohol) with cellulose nanocrystals (PVAc), and toluene diisocyanate-terminated poly(caprolactone) (TPCL), yielding an environmentally benign and solution-processable n-type thin-film transistor (TFT). Despite the potential for fabrication on flexible substrates, these devices were only characterized on rigid substrates. We present herein the fabrication of these TFTs on Kapton® substrates and a progression of the devices' n- and p-type operation over 7 days, demonstrating continuous loss of the n-type performance and relative stability of the p-type performance after 3 days in ambient air. The tri-layer dielectric is then applied in an electrolyte-gated SWNT field-effect transistor (EG-SWNT-FET) architecture, shielding the SWNTs from the electrolyte and allowing for width-normalised g m values of 0.0563 ± 0.0263 μS μm-1 and I ON/OFF ratios of 103-104 using de-ionized (DI) water as the electrolyte. Finally, as a proof of concept, the device was used to detect α-synuclein, a neuronal protein whose aggregation is associated with Parkinson's disease, in DI water through the immobilization of target specific aptamer molecules on the polymer layer covering the gate electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Ourabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa 161 Louis Pasteur Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Roslyn S Massey
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Ravi Prakash
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa 161 Louis Pasteur Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa 800 King Edward Ave. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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3
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Choi W, Choi J, Han Y, Yoo H, Yoon HJ. Polymer Dielectric-Based Emerging Devices: Advancements in Memory, Field-Effect Transistor, and Nanogenerator Technologies. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:1115. [PMID: 39337775 PMCID: PMC11434493 DOI: 10.3390/mi15091115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Polymer dielectric materials have recently attracted attention for their versatile applications in emerging electronic devices such as memory, field-effect transistors (FETs), and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). This review highlights the advances in polymer dielectric materials and their integration into these devices, emphasizing their unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties that enable high performance and flexibility. By exploring their roles in self-sustaining technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Everything (IoE)), this review emphasizes the importance of polymer dielectric materials in enabling low-power, flexible, and sustainable electronic devices. The discussion covers design strategies to improve the dielectric constant, charge trapping, and overall device stability. Specific challenges, such as optimizing electrical properties, ensuring process scalability, and enhancing environmental stability, are also addressed. In addition, the review explores the synergistic integration of memory devices, FETs, and TENGs, focusing on their potential in flexible and wearable electronics, self-powered systems, and sustainable technologies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and prospects of polymer dielectric-based devices in advanced electronic applications by examining recent research breakthroughs and identifying future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangmyung Choi
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwan Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongbin Han
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Joon Yoon
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Yang D, Moon Y, Han N, Lee M, Beak J, Lee SH, Kim DY. Solution-processable low-voltage carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with high- krelaxor ferroelectric polymer gate insulator. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:295202. [PMID: 38608317 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3e01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Achieving energy-efficient and high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs) is one of the most important goals for future electronic devices. This paper reports semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube FETs (s-SWNT-FETs) with an optimized high-krelaxor ferroelectric insulator P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) thickness for low-voltage operation. The s-SWNT-FETs with an optimized thickness (∼800 nm) of the high-kinsulator exhibited the highest average mobility of 14.4 cm2V-1s-1at the drain voltage (ID) of 1 V, with a high current on/off ratio (Ion/off>105). The optimized device performance resulted from the suppressed gate leakage current (IG) and a sufficiently large capacitance (>50 nF cm-2) of the insulating layer. Despite the extremely high capacitance (>100 nF cm-2) of the insulating layer, an insufficient thickness (<450 nm) induces a highIG, leading to reducedIDand mobility of s-SWNT-FETs. Conversely, an overly thick insulator (>1200 nm) cannot introduce sufficient capacitance, resulting in limited device performance. The large capacitance and sufficient breakdown voltage of the insulating layer with an appropriate thickness significantly improved p-type performance. However, a reduced n-type performance was observed owing to the increased electron trap density caused by fluorine proportional to the insulator thickness. Hence, precise control of the insulator thickness is crucial for achieving low-voltage operation with enhanced s-SWNT-FET performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongseong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Han
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Beak
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Parts of Powder, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Wieland S, El Yumin AA, Gotthardt JM, Zaumseil J. Impact of Dielectric Environment on Trion Emission from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:3112-3122. [PMID: 36824583 PMCID: PMC9940213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Trions are charged excitons that form upon optical or electrical excitation of low-dimensional semiconductors in the presence of charge carriers (holes or electrons). Trion emission from semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) occurs in the near-infrared and at lower energies compared to the respective exciton. It can be used as an indicator for the presence of excess charge carriers in SWCNT samples and devices. Both excitons and trions are highly sensitive to the surrounding dielectric medium of the nanotubes, having an impact on their application in optoelectronic devices. Here, the influence of different dielectric materials on exciton and trion emission from electrostatically doped networks of polymer-sorted (6,5) SWCNTs in top-gate field-effect transistors is investigated. The observed differences of trion and exciton emission energies and intensities for hole and electron accumulation cannot be explained with the polarizability or screening characteristics of the different dielectric materials, but they show a clear dependence on the charge trapping properties of the dielectrics. Charge localization (trapping of holes or electrons by the dielectric) reduces exciton quenching, emission blue-shift and trion formation. Based on the observed carrier type and dielectric material dependent variations, the ratio of trion to exciton emission and the exciton blue-shift are not suitable as quantitative metrics for doping levels of carbon nanotubes.
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Zorn N, Berger FJ, Zaumseil J. Charge Transport in and Electroluminescence from sp 3-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Networks. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10451-10463. [PMID: 34048654 PMCID: PMC8223481 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The controlled covalent functionalization of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with luminescent sp3 defects leads to additional narrow and tunable photoluminescence features in the near-infrared and even enables single-photon emission at room temperature, thus strongly expanding their application potential. However, the successful integration of sp3-functionalized SWCNTs in optoelectronic devices with efficient defect state electroluminescence not only requires control over their emission properties but also a detailed understanding of the impact of functionalization on their electrical performance, especially in dense networks. Here, we demonstrate ambipolar, light-emitting field-effect transistors based on networks of pristine and functionalized polymer-sorted (6,5) SWCNTs. We investigate the influence of sp3 defects on charge transport by employing electroluminescence and (charge-modulated) photoluminescence spectroscopy combined with temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements. We find that sp3-functionalized SWCNTs actively participate in charge transport within the network as mobile carriers efficiently sample the sp3 defects, which act as shallow trap states. While both hole and electron mobilities decrease with increasing degree of functionalization, the transistors remain fully operational, showing electroluminescence from the defect states that can be tuned by the defect density.
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Kim KT, Lee KW, Moon S, Park JB, Park CY, Nam SJ, Kim J, Lee MJ, Heo JS, Park SK. Conformally Gated Surface Conducting Behaviors of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film-Transistors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3361. [PMID: 34204507 PMCID: PMC8234559 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) have gathered significant interest in various emerging electronics due to their outstanding electrical and mechanical properties. Although large-area and low-cost fabrication of s-SWCNT field effect transistors (FETs) can be easily achieved via solution processing, the electrical performance of the solution-based s-SWCNT FETs is often limited by the charge transport in the s-SWCNT networks and interface between the s-SWCNT and the dielectrics depending on both s-SWCNT solution synthesis and device architecture. Here, we investigate the surface and interfacial electro-chemical behaviors of s-SWCNTs. In addition, we propose a cost-effective and straightforward process capable of minimizing polymers bound to s-SWCNT surfaces acting as an interfering element for the charge carrier transport via a heat-assisted purification (HAP). With the HAP treated s-SWCNTs, we introduced conformal dielectric configuration for s-SWCNT FETs, which are explored by a carefully designed wide array of electrical and chemical characterizations with finite-element analysis (FEA) computer simulation. For more favorable gate-field-induced surface and interfacial behaviors of s-SWCNT, we implemented conformally gated highly capacitive s-SWCNT FETs with ion-gel dielectrics, demonstrating field-effect mobility of ~8.19 cm2/V⋅s and on/off current ratio of ~105 along with negligible hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Tae Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-T.K.); (K.W.L.); (S.M.); (J.B.P.); (C.-Y.P.); (S.-J.N.)
| | - Keon Woo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-T.K.); (K.W.L.); (S.M.); (J.B.P.); (C.-Y.P.); (S.-J.N.)
| | - Sanghee Moon
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-T.K.); (K.W.L.); (S.M.); (J.B.P.); (C.-Y.P.); (S.-J.N.)
| | - Joon Bee Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-T.K.); (K.W.L.); (S.M.); (J.B.P.); (C.-Y.P.); (S.-J.N.)
| | - Chan-Yong Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-T.K.); (K.W.L.); (S.M.); (J.B.P.); (C.-Y.P.); (S.-J.N.)
| | - Seung-Ji Nam
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-T.K.); (K.W.L.); (S.M.); (J.B.P.); (C.-Y.P.); (S.-J.N.)
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Myoung-Jae Lee
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Jae Sang Heo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-T.K.); (K.W.L.); (S.M.); (J.B.P.); (C.-Y.P.); (S.-J.N.)
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Huang W, Jiao H, Huang Q, Zhang J, Zhang M. Ultra-high drivability, high-mobility, low-voltage and high-integration intrinsically stretchable transistors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23546-23555. [PMID: 33074278 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05486k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Realizing intrinsically stretchable transistors with high current drivability, high mobility, small feature size, low power and the potential for mass production is essential for advancing stretchable electronics a critical step forward. However, it is challenging to realize these requirements simultaneously due to the limitations of the existing fabrication technologies when integrating intrinsically stretchable materials into transistors. Here, we propose a removal-transfer-photolithography method (RTPM), combined with adopting poly(urea-urethane) (PUU) as a dielectric, to realize integratable intrinsically stretchable carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (IIS-CNT-TFTs). The realized IIS-CNT-TFTs achieve excellent electrical and mechanical properties simultaneously, showing high field-effect-mobility up to 221 cm2 V-1 s-1 and high current density up to 810 μA mm-1 at a low driving voltage of -1 V, which are both the highest values for intrinsically stretchable transistors today to the best of our knowledge. At the same time, the transistors can survive 2000 cycles of repeated stretching by 50%, indicating their promising applicability to stretchable circuits, displays, and wearable electronics. The achieved intrinsically stretchable thin-film transistors show higher electrical performance, higher stretching durability, and smaller feature size simultaneously compared with the state-of-the-art works, providing a novel solution to integratable intrinsically stretchable electronics. Besides, the proposed RTPM involves adopting removable sacrificial layers to protect the PDMS substrate and PUU dielectric during the photolithography and patterning steps, and finally removing the sacrificial layers to improve the electrical and mechanical performance. This method is generally applicable to further enhance the performance of the existing transistors and devices with a similar structure in soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Huang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Brohmann M, Wieland S, Angstenberger S, Herrmann NJ, Lüttgens J, Fazzi D, Zaumseil J. Guiding Charge Transport in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Networks by Local Optical Switching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28392-28403. [PMID: 32476400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitchable, ambipolar field-effect transistors (FETs) are fabricated with dense networks of polymer-sorted, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in top-gate geometry with photochromic molecules mixed in the polymer matrix of the gate dielectric. Both hole and electron transport are strongly affected by the presence of spiropyran and its photoisomer merocyanine. A strong and persistent reduction of charge carrier mobilities and thus drain currents upon UV illumination (photoisomerization) and its recovery by annealing give these SWCNT transistors the basic properties of optical memory devices. Temperature-dependent mobility measurements and density functional theory calculations indicate scattering of charge carriers by the large dipoles of the merocyanine molecules and electron trapping by protonated merocyanine as the underlying mechanism. The direct dependence of carrier mobility on UV exposure is employed to pattern high- and low-resistance areas within the FET channel and thus to guide charge transport through the nanotube network along predefined paths with micrometer resolution. Near-infrared electroluminescence imaging enables the direct visualization of such patterned current pathways with good contrast. Elaborate mobility and thus current density patterns can be created by local optical switching, visualized and erased again by reverse isomerization through heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Brohmann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Wieland
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Angstenberger
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas J Herrmann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Lüttgens
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität zu Köln, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lee SH, Ko SJ, Eom SH, Kim H, Kim DW, Lee C, Yoon SC. Composite Interlayer Consisting of Alcohol-Soluble Polyfluorene and Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14244-14253. [PMID: 32075367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of composite interlayers using alcohol-soluble polyfluorene (ASP)-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their application as electron-transport layers for efficient organic solar cells. The ASP enables the individual dispersion of SWNTs in solution. The ASP-wrapped SWNT solutions are stable for 54 days without any aggregation or precipitation, indicating their very high dispersion stability. Using the ASP-wrapped SWNTs as a cathode interlayer on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), a power conversion efficiency of 9.45% is obtained in PTB7-th:PC71BM-based organic solar cells, which is mainly attributed to the improvement in the short circuit current. Performance enhancements of 18 and 17% are achieved compared to those of pure ZnO NPs and ASP on ZnO NPs, respectively. In addition, the composite interlayer is applied to non-fullerene-based photovoltaics with PM6:Y6, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of up to 14.37%. The type of SWNT (e.g., in terms of diameter range and length) is not critical to the improvement in the charge-transport properties. A low density of SWNTs in the film (∼1 SWNTs/μm2 for ASP-wrapped SWNTs) has a significant influence on the charge transport in solar cells. The improvement in the performance of the solar cell is attributed to the increased internal quantum efficiency, balanced mobility between electrons and holes, and minimized charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoon Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Eom
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cheol Yoon
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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11
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Li H, Wang R, Han S, Zhou Y. Ferroelectric polymers for non‐volatile memory devices: a review. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University Shenzhen PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic MaterialsHenan University Kaifeng PR China
| | - Ruopeng Wang
- College of Electronics and Information EngineeringShenzhen University Shenzhen PR China
| | - Su‐Ting Han
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University Shenzhen PR China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University Shenzhen PR China
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Lapointe F, Sapkota A, Ding J, Lefebvre J. Polymer Encapsulants for Threshold Voltage Control in Carbon Nanotube Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36027-36034. [PMID: 31532620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although carbon nanotube transistors present outstanding performances based on key metrics, large-scale uniformity and repeatability required in printable electronics depend greatly on proper control of the electrostatic environment. Through a survey of polymer dielectric encapsulants compatible with printing processes, a simple correlation is found between the measured interfacial charge density and the onset of conduction in a transistor, providing a rational route to control the electrical characteristics of carbon nanotube transistors. Smooth and continuous balancing of the properties between unipolar p-type and n-type transport is achieved using a molar fraction series of poly(styrene-co-2-vinylpyridine) statistical copolymers combined with an electron-donating molecule. We further demonstrate the easy fabrication of a p-n diode which shows a modest rectification of 8:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lapointe
- National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road , Ottawa K1A 0R6 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Ashish Sapkota
- National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road , Ottawa K1A 0R6 , Ontario , Canada
- Department of Printed Electronics Engineering , Sunchon National University , Sunchon 540-742 , Korea
| | - Jianfu Ding
- National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road , Ottawa K1A 0R6 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jacques Lefebvre
- National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road , Ottawa K1A 0R6 , Ontario , Canada
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Brohmann M, Berger FJ, Matthiesen M, Schießl SP, Schneider S, Zaumseil J. Charge Transport in Mixed Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Networks with Tailored Mixing Ratios. ACS NANO 2019; 13:7323-7332. [PMID: 31184852 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Brohmann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maik Matthiesen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan P. Schießl
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Schneider
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Ushakou DV, Tomin VI. Spectroscopic methods for the study of energetic characteristics of the normal and photoproduct forms of 3-hydroxyflavones. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:40-47. [PMID: 29902770 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report spectroscopic properties of 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF) and 4'-N,N-dimethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone (DMA3HF) in acetonitrile and ethyl acetate at different temperatures in the range from 10 °C to about 67 °C. These compounds are characterized by excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) which leads to occurrence of two forms of these molecules. For this reason their fluorescence spectra have two bands which correspond to emission of normal and photoproduct (tautomer) forms. The correlation between ratio of integrated intensity of these two bands and inverse absolute temperature (the Arrhenius plot) have been applied to estimate energetic properties, such as difference between energy levels of excited states as well ground states for normal and tautomer forms for each molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitryi V Ushakou
- Institute of Physics, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200 Słupsk, ul. Arciszewskiego, 22b, Poland.
| | - Vladimir I Tomin
- Institute of Physics, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200 Słupsk, ul. Arciszewskiego, 22b, Poland
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Xia J, Zhao J, Meng H, Huang Q, Dong G, Zhang H, Liu F, Mao D, Liang X, Peng L. Performance enhancement of carbon nanotube thin film transistor by yttrium oxide capping. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4202-4208. [PMID: 29450427 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08676h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube thin film transistors (CNT-TFTs) are regarded as promising technology for active matrix pixel driving circuits of future flat panel displays (FPD). For FPD application, unipolar thin film transistors (TFTs) with high mobility (μ), high on-state current (ION), low off-current (IOFF) at high source/drain bias and small hysteresis are required simultaneously. Though excellent values of those performance metrics have been realized individually in different reports, the overall performance of previously reported CNT-TFTs has not met the above requirements. In this paper, we found that yttrium oxide (Y2O3) capping is helpful in improving both ION and μ of CNT-TFTs. Combining Y2O3 capping and Al2O3 passivation, unipolar CNT-TFTs with high ION/IOFF (>107) and low IOFF (∼pA) at -10.1 V source/drain bias, and relatively small hysteresis in the range of -30 V to +30 V gate voltage were achieved, which are capable of active matrix display driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Xia
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China.
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Chortos A, Zhu C, Oh JY, Yan X, Pochorovski I, To JWF, Liu N, Kraft U, Murmann B, Bao Z. Investigating Limiting Factors in Stretchable All-Carbon Transistors for Reliable Stretchable Electronics. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7925-7937. [PMID: 28745872 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable form factors enable electronic devices to conform to irregular 3D structures, including soft and moving entities. Intrinsically stretchable devices have potential advantages of high surface coverage of active devices, improved durability, and reduced processing costs. This work describes intrinsically stretchable transistors composed of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) electrodes and semiconductors and a dielectric that consists of a nonpolar elastomer. The use of a nonpolar elastomer dielectric enabled hysteresis-free device characteristics. Compared to devices on SiO2 dielectrics, stretchable devices with nonpolar dielectrics showed lower mobility in ambient conditions because of the absence of doping from water. The effect of a SWNT band gap on device characteristics was investigated by using different SWNT sources as the semiconductor. Large-band-gap SWNTs exhibited trap-limited behavior caused by the low capacitance of the dielectric. In contrast, high-current devices based on SWNTs with smaller band gaps were more limited by contact resistance. Of the tested SWNT sources, SWNTs with a maximum diameter of 1.5 nm performed the best, with a mobility of 15.4 cm2/Vs and an on/off ratio >103 for stretchable transistors. Large-band-gap devices showed increased sensitivity to strain because of a pronounced dependence on the dielectric thickness, whereas contact-limited devices showed substantially less strain dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Chortos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chenxin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Igor Pochorovski
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - John W-F To
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ulrike Kraft
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Boris Murmann
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Gu ZG, Chen SC, Fu WQ, Zheng Q, Zhang J. Epitaxial Growth of MOF Thin Film for Modifying the Dielectric Layer in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7259-7264. [PMID: 28181792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films are important in the application of sensors and devices. However, the application of MOF thin films in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) is still a challenge to date. Here, we first use the MOF thin film prepared by a liquid-phase epitaxial (LPE) approach (also called SURMOFs) to modify the SiO2 dielectric layer in the OFETs. After the semiconductive polymer of PTB7-Th (poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-co-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate]) was coated on MOF/SiO2 and two electrodes on the semiconducting film were deposited sequentially, MOF-based OFETs were fabricated successfully. By controlling the LPE cycles of SURMOF HKUST-1 (also named Cu3(BTC)2, BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), the performance of the HKUST-1/SiO2-based OFETs showed high charge mobility and low threshold voltage. This first report on the application of MOF thin film in OFETs will offer an effective approach for designing a new kind of materials for the OFET application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Ci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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