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Vital VG, Silva MR, Santos VT, Lobo FG, Xander P, Zauli RC, Moraes CB, Freitas-Junior LH, Barbosa CG, Pellosi DS, Silva RAG, Paganotti A, Vasconcellos SP. Micro-Addition of Silver to Copper: One Small Step in Composition, a Change for a Giant Leap in Biocidal Activity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:917. [PMID: 38399167 PMCID: PMC10890504 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The use of copper as an antimicrobial agent has a long history and has gained renewed interest in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the authors investigated the antimicrobial properties of an alloy composed of copper with a small percentage of silver (Cu-0.03% wt.Ag). The alloy was tested against various pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the H1N1 virus, using contact exposure tests. Results showed that the alloy was capable of inactivating these pathogens in two hours or less, indicating its strong antimicrobial activity. Electrochemical measurements were also performed, revealing that the small addition of silver to copper promoted a higher resistance to corrosion and shifted the formation of copper ions to higher potentials. This shift led to a slow but continuous release of Cu2+ ions, which have high biocidal activity. These findings show that the addition of small amounts of silver to copper can enhance its biocidal properties and improve its effectiveness as an antimicrobial material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor G. Vital
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil (P.X.); (R.C.Z.)
| | - Márcio R. Silva
- Department of Research and Development, Termomecanica São Paulo S.A., São Bernardo do Campo 09612-000, Brazil
| | - Vinicius T. Santos
- Department of Research and Development, Termomecanica São Paulo S.A., São Bernardo do Campo 09612-000, Brazil
| | - Flávia G. Lobo
- Department of Research and Development, Termomecanica São Paulo S.A., São Bernardo do Campo 09612-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Xander
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil (P.X.); (R.C.Z.)
| | - Rogéria C. Zauli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil (P.X.); (R.C.Z.)
| | - Carolina B. Moraes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lucio H. Freitas-Junior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Cecíla G. Barbosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo S. Pellosi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. G. Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil (P.X.); (R.C.Z.)
| | - André Paganotti
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil (P.X.); (R.C.Z.)
| | - Suzan P. Vasconcellos
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil (P.X.); (R.C.Z.)
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Manikandan DB, Arumugam M, Sridhar A, Perumalsamy B, Ramasamy T. Sustainable fabrication of hybrid silver-copper nanocomposites (Ag-CuO NCs) using Ocimum americanum L. as an effective regime against antibacterial, anticancer, photocatalytic dye degradation and microalgae toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115867. [PMID: 37044164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a sustainable fabrication of hybrid silver-copper oxide nanocomposites (Ag-CuO NCs) was accomplished utilizing Ocimum americanum L. by one pot green chemistry method. The multifarious biological and environmental applications of the green fabricated Ag-CuO NCs were evaluated through their antibacterial, anticancer, dye degradation, and microalgae growth inhibition activities. The morphological features of the surface functionalized hybrid Ag-CuO NCs were confirmed by FE-SEM and HR-TEM techniques. The surface plasmon resonance λmax peak appeared at 441.56 nm. The average hydrodynamic size distribution of synthesized nanocomposite was 69.80 nm. Zeta potential analysis of Ag-CuO NCs confirmed its remarkable stability at -21.5 mV. XRD and XPS techniques validated the crystalline structure and electron binding affinity of NCs, respectively. The Ag-CuO NCs demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity against Vibrio cholerae (19.93 ± 0.29 mm) at 100 μg/mL. Anticancer efficacy of Ag-CuO NCs was investigated against the A549 lung cancer cell line, and Ag-CuO NCs exhibited outstanding antiproliferative activity with a low IC50 of 2.8 ± 0.05 μg/mL. Furthermore, staining and comet assays substantiated that the Ag-CuO NCs hindered the progression of the A549 cells and induced apoptosis as a result of cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Concerning the environmental applications, the Ag-CuO NCs displayed efficient photocatalytic activity against eosin yellow degradation up to 80.94% under sunlight irradiation. Microalgae can be used as an early bio-indicator/prediction of environmental contaminants and toxic substances. The treatment of the Ag-CuO NCs on the growth of marine microalgae Tetraselmis suecica demonstrated the dose and time-dependent growth reduction and variations in the chlorophyll content. Therefore, the efficient multifunctional properties of hybrid Ag-CuO NCs could be exploited as a regime against infective diseases and cancer. Further, the findings of our investigation witness the remarkable scope and potency of Ag-CuO NCs for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Babu Manikandan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Arumugam
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Sridhar
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Perumalsamy
- National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments (NCAAE), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments (NCAAE), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Hwang Y, Kim J, Yim C, Park HW. Deep-Sintered Copper Tracks for Thermal Oxidation Resistance Using Large Pulsed Electron Beam. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19134-19143. [PMID: 34337251 PMCID: PMC8320104 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermal oxidation resistance is an important property in printed electronics for sustaining electrical conductivity for long time and/or under harsh environments such as high temperature. This study reports the fabrication of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs)-based conductive tracks using large pulsed electron beam (LPEB) by irradiation on CuNPs to be sintered. With an acceleration voltage of 11 kV, the LPEB irradiation induced deep-sintering of CuNPs so that the sintered CuNPs exhibited bulk-like electrical conductivity. Consequently, the sintered Cu tracks maintained high electrical conductivity at 220 °C without using any thermal oxidation protection additive, such as silver, carbon nanotube, and graphene. In contrast, the films irradiated with an acceleration voltage of 8 kV and irradiated by intense pulsed light (IPL) showed fast oxidation characteristics and a corresponding reduction of electrical conductivities under high temperatures owing to a thin sintered layer. The performance of highly thermal oxidation-resistant Cu films sintered by LPEB irradiations was demonstrated through the device performance of a Joule heater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjae Hwang
- School
of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Eonyang-eup,
Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Department
of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University (KNU), 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook
National University (KNU), 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyong Yim
- Department
of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University (KNU), 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
- School
of Nano & Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Park
- School
of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Eonyang-eup,
Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Jeong R, Kumar H, Jones S, Sandwell A, Kim K, Park SS. Increased sanitization potency of hydrogen peroxide with synergistic O 3 and intense pulsed light for non-woven polypropylene. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23881-23891. [PMID: 35479023 PMCID: PMC9036529 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03675k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplies of respiratory masks have recently become a concern due to the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Sanitization and reuse of masks can alleviate high mask consumption and production stresses. In the present work, improved sanitization potency of vaporous hydrogen peroxide (VHP) treatment of resilient bacterial spores while retaining polymeric filter performance was explored. A batch fumigation chamber with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapor and ozone (O3) is featured, followed by intense pulsed light (IPL) flash treatments. A resilient bacterial indicator, Geobacillus stearothermophilus (G. stearothermophilus), was utilized to compare the efficacy of various H2O2 concentrations in combination with O3 and IPL. It was found that exposure to 30 minutes of 4.01 L min−1 0.03% H2O2 aqueous vapor and 3 g h−1 O3 followed by 10 IPL flashes per side completely inactivated G. stearothermophilus. The xenon sourced IPL irradiation was found to synergistically enhance radical production and strengthen the complementary biocidal interaction of H2O2 with O3. Due to the synergistic effects, H2O2 was able to sanitize at a diluted concentration of 0.03% H2O2. The physical properties, such as surface potential, tensile strength, hydrophobicity, and filtration efficiency of >300 nm saline water aerosol of fibrous polypropylene (PP) sheets, were maintained. In addition, no residue of sanitizers was detected, thus confirming the biosafety and applicability of this method to disposable masks. Performance was benchmarked and compared with commercially available processes. The synergistic regime was found to achieve sterilization of G. stearothermophilus at drastically reduced H2O2 concentrations and in ambient conditions relative to commercial methods. By introducing synergistic elements to the VHP processes, potent sanitization of polymeric filters is achieved at low H2O2 concentrations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Hitendra Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
- School of Engineering
| | - Steven Jones
- Zymetrix Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Technology Development Centre
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Allen Sandwell
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Simon S. Park
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
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Tomotoshi D, Kawasaki H. Surface and Interface Designs in Copper-Based Conductive Inks for Printed/Flexible Electronics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1689. [PMID: 32867267 PMCID: PMC7559014 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag), gold (Au), and copper (Cu) have been utilized as metals for fabricating metal-based inks/pastes for printed/flexible electronics. Among them, Cu is the most promising candidate for metal-based inks/pastes. Cu has high intrinsic electrical/thermal conductivity, which is more cost-effective and abundant, as compared to Ag. Moreover, the migration tendency of Cu is less than that of Ag. Thus, recently, Cu-based inks/pastes have gained increasing attention as conductive inks/pastes for printed/flexible electronics. However, the disadvantages of Cu-based inks/pastes are their instability against oxidation under an ambient condition and tendency to form insulating layers of Cu oxide, such as cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and cupric oxide (CuO). The formation of the Cu oxidation causes a low conductivity in sintered Cu films and interferes with the sintering of Cu particles. In this review, we summarize the surface and interface designs for Cu-based conductive inks/pastes, in which the strategies for the oxidation resistance of Cu and low-temperature sintering are applied to produce highly conductive Cu patterns/electrodes on flexible substrates. First, we classify the Cu-based inks/pastes and briefly describe the surface oxidation behaviors of Cu. Next, we describe various surface control approaches for Cu-based inks/pastes to achieve both the oxidation resistance and low-temperature sintering to produce highly conductive Cu patterns/electrodes on flexible substrates. These surface control approaches include surface designs by polymers, small ligands, core-shell structures, and surface activation. Recently developed Cu-based mixed inks/pastes are also described, and the synergy effect in the mixed inks/pastes offers improved performances compared with the single use of each component. Finally, we offer our perspectives on Cu-based inks/pastes for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan;
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Wong D, Abuzalat O, Ko J, Lee J, Kim S, Park SS. Intense Pulsed Light-Treated Near-Field Electrospun Nanofiber on a Quartz Tuning Fork for Multimodal Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24308-24318. [PMID: 32356648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and portable gas sensors are required for environmental monitoring, locating leakages, and detecting trace chemical vapors or gases. Although many sensors have been developed, few can rapidly and selectively detect parts per million (ppm) concentration changes. In this work, we fabricate multimodal gas sensors by depositing a single nanocomposite fiber between the prongs of a quartz tuning fork (QTF). The resulting sensors are portable and integrate multimodal approaches by applying both chemo-mechanical sensing for sensitivity and electrochemical sensing for selectivity. Near-field electrospinning (NFES) produces a flexible and semiconductive nanocomposite fiber with ∼500 nm diameter that can be integrated into electronic systems as environmental gas sensors. Intense pulsed light (IPL) and sputter coating improve adhesion of the nanocomposite fiber onto a QTF. Furthermore, IPL offers improved sensing performance due to the higher specific surface area and reduction in polymer content. In this study, hydrogen gas (H2) is chosen as a target gas since it is a common energy source in fuel cell applications and byproduct in chemical reactions. An electrospinning solution containing polyaniline, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and platinum nanoparticles is used to test H2 gas sensing performance. The resulting multimodal sensors are selective to hydrogen versus other gases and vapors including methane, hexane, toluene, ammonia, ethanol, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. Furthermore, the sensors detect ppm levels of hydrogen gas even in the presence of high humidity that typically hinders gas sensor performance. The development of this sensor leads to a new method for compact and portable multimodal gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Wong
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Osama Abuzalat
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Juhee Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jungchul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seonghwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Simon S Park
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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7
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Hwang HJ, Malhotra R. Shape-Tuned Junction Resistivity and Self-Damping Dynamics in Intense Pulsed Light Sintering of Silver Nanostructure Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3536-3546. [PMID: 30585721 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concurrently reducing processing temperature, electrical resistance, and material cost with scalable fabrication capabilities is critical for conductive elements of flexible and planar electronics. Intense pulsed light sintering (IPL) of mixed dissimilar-shape conductive nanostructures may achieve this goal. However, this potential is hindered by knowledge gaps on how dissimilarity in nanostructure shape affects interparticle neck growth kinetics in general and the self-damping coupling between neck growth and optical absorption in IPL. We study these phenomena for IPL of mixed Ag nanowires (NWs, 40 nm diameter, 100-200 μm length) and nanospheres (NSs, 40 nm diameter), both experimentally and by linking molecular dynamics simulations with optical modeling. An optimal 50:50 mixing ratio lowers resistivity (5.59 μΩ·cm) and peak temperatures (250-150 °C) relative to pure NS films and reduces material costs relative to pure NW films with similar resistivity, in 2.5 s of IPL. The drop in peak temperatures in consecutive optical pulses reduces with greater NW content. Sintering-induced dislocation generation drives higher neck growth at NW-NS and NW-NW interfaces and anisotropic neck growth at NW-NS interfaces. This indicates that when NWs are introduced into NS films, along with lesser number of interfacial contact points, an inherent reduction in sintering-induced junction resistivity plays a major role in reducing film resistivity. The self-damping coupling and optical absorption, which drive temperature evolution in IPL, are tunable by nanostructure shape. The introduction of NWs into a NS ensemble reduces the dependence of optical absorption on neck growth. We discuss how these insights elucidate a set of physical phenomena that can guide the choice of dissimilar shaped nanostructures to concurrently reduce resistivity and temperatures in IPL and other sintering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Hwang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Rutgers University , 98 Brett Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Rajiv Malhotra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Rutgers University , 98 Brett Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
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Li W, Li CF, Lang F, Jiu J, Ueshima M, Wang H, Liu ZQ, Suganuma K. Self-catalyzed copper-silver complex inks for low-cost fabrication of highly oxidation-resistant and conductive copper-silver hybrid tracks at a low temperature below 100 °C. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:5254-5263. [PMID: 29498383 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cu-Ag complex inks are developed for printing conductive tracks of low cost, high stability, and high conductivity on heat-sensitive substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The inks show an obvious self-catalyzed characteristic due to the in situ formation of fresh metal nanoparticles which promote rapid decomposition and sintering of the inks at a low temperature below 100 °C. The temperature is 40-60 °C lower than those of general Cu complex inks and 100-120 °C lower than those of general Cu/Ag particle inks. Highly conductive Cu-Ag tracks of 2.80 × 10-5 Ω cm and 6.40 × 10-5 Ω cm have been easily realized at 100 °C and 80 °C, respectively. In addition, the printed Cu-based tracks not only show high oxidation resistance at high temperatures of up to 140 °C (the maximum tolerable temperature of current PET substrate) but also show excellent stability at high humidity of 85% because of the very uniform Cu-Ag hybrid structure. The printable tracks exhibit great potential application in various wearable devices fabricated on textiles, papers, and other heat-sensitive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Li
- Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Yim C, Kockerbeck ZA, Jo SB, Park SS. Hybrid Copper-Silver-Graphene Nanoplatelet Conductive Inks on PDMS for Oxidation Resistance Under Intensive Pulsed Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37160-37165. [PMID: 28980469 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple, low-cost, and reliable process of production for conductive tracks and their transfer to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate has been proposed. Flexible electrodes were fabricated using conductive nanoparticulates under intensive pulsed light, which were then transferred on to a PDMS substrate via a pouring, curing, and peeling process. The combination of copper-silver nitrate-graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) provided multiple benefits to the conductive tracks, such as oxidation resistance and increased durability on PDMS. The addition of silver nitrate reduced the speed of oxidation during the curing process of PDMS in the presence of heat and air. The addition of GnPs then increased the stability of conductive tracks on PDMS, whereas the films without GnPs were not conductive on PDMS due to mechanical cracks. The copper-silver-GnP electrodes on PDMS were successfully demonstrated as flexible electrodes and reveal the enhancement of oxidation resistance during thermal oxidation for Joule heater application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Yim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zachary A Kockerbeck
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sae Byeok Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Simon S Park
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Li W, Hu D, Li L, Li CF, Jiu J, Chen C, Ishina T, Sugahara T, Suganuma K. Printable and Flexible Copper-Silver Alloy Electrodes with High Conductivity and Ultrahigh Oxidation Resistance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24711-24721. [PMID: 28675295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Printable and flexible Cu-Ag alloy electrodes with high conductivity and ultrahigh oxidation resistance have been successfully fabricated by using a newly developed Cu-Ag hybrid ink and a simple fabrication process consisting of low-temperature precuring followed by rapid photonic sintering (LTRS). A special Ag nanoparticle shell on a Cu core structure is first created in situ by low-temperature precuring. An instantaneous photonic sintering can induce rapid mutual dissolution between the Cu core and the Ag nanoparticle shell so that core-shell structures consisting of a Cu-rich phase in the core and a Ag-rich phase in the shell (Cu-Ag alloy) can be obtained on flexible substrates. The resulting Cu-Ag alloy electrode has high conductivity (3.4 μΩ·cm) and ultrahigh oxidation resistance even up to 180 °C in an air atmosphere; this approach shows huge potential and is a tempting prospect for the fabrication of highly reliable and cost-effective printed electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Li
- Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Dawei Hu
- Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Lingying Li
- Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Cai-Fu Li
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Jinting Jiu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Chuantong Chen
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishina
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tohru Sugahara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Abstract
Owing to their capability of bypassing conventional high-priced and inflexible silicon based electronics to manufacture a variety of devices on flexible substrates by using large-scale and high-volume printing techniques, printed electronics (PE) have attracted increasing attention in the field of manufacturing industry for electronic devices. This simple and cost-effective approach could enhance current methods of constructing a patterned surface for nanomaterials and offer opportunities for developing fully-printed functional devices, especially offering the possibility of ubiquitous low-cost and flexible devices. This review presents a summary of work to date on the inorganic nanomaterials involved in PE applications, focused on the utilization of inorganic nanomaterials-based inks in the successful preparation of printed conductive patterns, electrodes, sensors, thin film transistors (TFTs) and other micro-/nanoscale devices. The printing techniques, sintering methods and printability of functional inks with their associated challenges are discussed, and we look forward so you can glimpse the future of PE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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Kim SJ, Jang M, Yang HY, Cho J, Lim HS, Yang H, Lim JA. Instantaneous Pulsed-Light Cross-Linking of a Polymer Gate Dielectric for Flexible Organic Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11721-11731. [PMID: 28345856 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the instantaneous pulsed-light cross-linking of polymer gate dielectrics on a flexible substrate by using intensely pulsed white light (IPWL) irradiation. Irradiation with IPWL for only 1.8 s of a poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) thin film with the cross-linking agent poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) (PMF) deposited on a plastic substrate was found to yield fully cross-linked PVP films. It was confirmed that the IPWL-cross-linked PVP films have smooth pinhole-free surfaces and exhibit a low leakage current density, organic solvent resistance, and good compatibility with organic semiconductor, and that they can be used as replacements for typical PVP dielectrics that are cross-linked with time and energy intensive thermal heating processes. The synchronization of the IPWL irradiation with substrate transfer was found to enable the preparation of cross-linked PVP films on large area substrates with a highly uniform capacitance. Flexible OTFT based on IPWL-cross-linked PVP dielectrics were found to exhibit good electrical performance that is comparable to that of devices with thermally cross-linked PVP dielectric, as well as excellent deformation stability even at a bending radius of 3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , 02841 Seoul, Korea
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 02792 Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Division of Nano-systems Engineering, Inha University , 22212 Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Yang
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 02792 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , 02841 Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Sun Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University , 04310 Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoichang Yang
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Division of Nano-systems Engineering, Inha University , 22212 Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lim
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 02792 Seoul, Korea
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