1
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Kolodziej L, Iwasińska-Kowalska O, Wróblewski G, Giżewski T, Jakubowska M, Lekawa-Raus A. Hydrogels and Carbon Nanotubes: Composite Electrode Materials for Long-Term Electrocardiography Monitoring. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:113. [PMID: 38786625 PMCID: PMC11122422 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents methods for developing high-performance interface electrode materials designed to enhance signal collection efficacy during long-term (over 24 h) electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring. The electrode materials are fabricated by integrating commercial ECG liquid hydrogels with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are widely utilized in dry-electrode technologies and extensively discussed in the current scientific literature. The composite materials are either prepared by dispersing CNTs within the commercial liquid hydrogel matrix or by encasing the hydrogels in macroscopic CNT films. Both approaches ensure the optimal wetting of the epidermis via the hydrogels, while the CNTs reduce material impedance and stabilize the drying process. The resulting electrode materials maintain their softness, allowing for micro-conformal skin attachment, and are biocompatible. Empirical testing confirms that the ECG electrodes employing these hybrid hydrogels adhere to relevant standards for durations exceeding 24 h. These innovative hybrid solutions merge the benefits of both wet and dry ECG electrode technologies, potentially facilitating the extended monitoring of ECG signals and thus advancing the diagnosis and treatment of various cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Kolodziej
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland (G.W.)
| | | | - Grzegorz Wróblewski
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland (G.W.)
| | - Tomasz Giżewski
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jakubowska
- Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lekawa-Raus
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Sun Y, Cui J, Feng S, Cui J, Guo Y, Liang C, Gao W, Lu Z, Liu F, Zhang B. Projection Stereolithography 3D Printing High-Conductive Hydrogel for Flexible Passive Wireless Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400103. [PMID: 38573809 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based electronics have inherent similarities to biological tissues and hold potential for wearable applications. However, low conductivity, poor stretchability, nonpersonalizability, and uncontrollable dehydration during use limit their further development. In this study, projection stereolithography 3D printing high-conductive hydrogel for flexible passive wireless sensing is reported. The prepared photocurable silver-based hydrogel is rapidly planarized into antenna shapes on substrates using surface projection stereolithography. After partial dehydration, silver flakes within the circuits form sufficient conductive pathways to achieve high conductivity (387 S cm-1). By sealing the circuits to prevent further dehydration, the resistance remains stable when tensile strain is less than 100% for at least 30 days. Besides, the sealing materials provide versatile functionalities, such as stretchability and shape memory property. Customized flexible radio frequency identification tags are fabricated by integrating with commercial chips to complete the accurate recognition of eye movement, realizing passive wireless sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongding Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jin Cui
- School of Information and Science Technology, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Street, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Shiwei Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weizi Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Fukang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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3
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Ghazaryan G, Khmelnitskaia A, Bezsudnov I, Kalinina A, Agina E, Ponomarenko S. A Concise Guide to Silicone-Based Spring-Roll Actuator Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3908. [PMID: 37835958 PMCID: PMC10574830 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A spring-roll actuator is a multilayer configuration of dielectric elastomer actuators that deforms in response to an electric field. To date, all spring-roll actuators are based on acrylate dielectric elastomers (DEs), and a few can reach deformations on a par with strains observed in natural muscles. Sensitivity to temperature and humidity, as well as the slow response times of acrylates, limit the commercialisation of these actuators. In this work, we developed a spring-roll actuator using commercial silicone DEs because they allow for a broader range of processing temperature and rapid response. Electrodes were deposited on a pre-strained DE film, coated with functional organosilicone polymer composite, and rolled around a metal spring. The coating enhanced the interfacial adhesion between DE and compliant electrodes, preserving the integrity and electro-mechanical properties of the fabricated spring-roll actuator. As to performance, the silicone-based spring-roll actuator could bear 200 times its own weight and displace it by 6% at the applied electric field of 90 V/μm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergey Ponomarenko
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (G.G.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (E.A.)
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4
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Ilatovskii DA, Krasnikov DV, Goldt AE, Mousavihashemi S, Sainio J, Khabushev EM, Alekseeva AA, Luchkin SY, Vinokurov ZS, Shmakov AN, Elakshar A, Kallio T, Nasibulin AG. Robust method for uniform coating of carbon nanotubes with V 2O 5 for next-generation transparent electrodes and Li-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25817-25827. [PMID: 37655361 PMCID: PMC10467569 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04342h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Composites comprising vanadium-pentoxide (V2O5) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising components for emerging applications in optoelectronics, solar cells, chemical and electrochemical sensors, etc. We propose a novel, simple, and facile approach for SWCNT covering with V2O5 by spin coating under ambient conditions. With the hydrolysis-polycondensation of the precursor (vanadyl triisopropoxide) directly on the surface of SWCNTs, the nm-thick layer of oxide is amorphous with a work function of 4.8 eV. The material recrystallizes after thermal treatment at 600 °C, achieving the work function of 5.8 eV. The key advantages of the method are that the obtained coating is uniform with a tunable thickness and does not require vacuuming or heating during processing. We demonstrate the groundbreaking results for two V2O5/SWCNT applications: transparent electrode and cathode for Li-ion batteries. As a transparent electrode, the composite shows stable sheet resistance of 160 Ω sq-1 at a 90% transmittance (550 nm) - the best performance reported for SWCNTs doped by metal oxides. As a cathode material, the obtained specific capacity (330 mA h g-1) is the highest among all the other V2O5/SWCNT cathodes reported so far. This approach opens new horizons for the creation of the next generation of metal oxide composites for various applications, including optoelectronics and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Krasnikov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia E Goldt
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | | | - Jani Sainio
- Aalto University Kemistintie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Eldar M Khabushev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Alena A Alekseeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Yu Luchkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Zakhar S Vinokurov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS Lavrentieva Avenue 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Shmakov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS Lavrentieva Avenue 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Aly Elakshar
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Aalto University Kemistintie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
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5
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Won D, Bang J, Choi SH, Pyun KR, Jeong S, Lee Y, Ko SH. Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9982-10078. [PMID: 37542724 PMCID: PMC10452793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in wearable electronics offer seamless integration with the human body for extracting various biophysical and biochemical information for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and augmented reality. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to imparting stretchability/flexibility and softness to electronic devices through materials science and structural modifications that enable stable and comfortable integration of these devices with the curvilinear and soft human body. However, the optical properties of these devices are still in the early stages of consideration. By incorporating transparency, visual information from interfacing biological systems can be preserved and utilized for comprehensive clinical diagnosis with image analysis techniques. Additionally, transparency provides optical imperceptibility, alleviating reluctance to wear the device on exposed skin. This review discusses the recent advancement of transparent wearable electronics in a comprehensive way that includes materials, processing, devices, and applications. Materials for transparent wearable electronics are discussed regarding their characteristics, synthesis, and engineering strategies for property enhancements. We also examine bridging techniques for stable integration with the soft human body. Building blocks for wearable electronic systems, including sensors, energy devices, actuators, and displays, are discussed with their mechanisms and performances. Lastly, we summarize the potential applications and conclude with the remaining challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Won
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyuk Bang
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Choi
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Pyun
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research/Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design
(SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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6
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Du P, Wang J, Hsu YI, Uyama H. Bio-Inspired Homogeneous Conductive Hydrogel with Flexibility and Adhesiveness for Information Transmission and Sign Language Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23711-23724. [PMID: 37145870 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The wearable electronic technique is increasingly becoming an effective approach to overcoming the communication obstacles between signers and non-signers. However, the efficacy of conducting hydrogels currently proposed as flexible sensor devices is hindered by their poor processability and matrix mismatch, which frequently results in adhesion failure at the combined interfaces and deterioration of mechanical and electrochemical performance. Herein, we propose a hydrogel composed of a rigid matrix in which the hydrophobic and aggregated polyaniline was homogeneously embedded, while quaternate-functionalized nucleobase moieties endowed the flexible network with adhesiveness. Accordingly, the resulting hydrogel with chitosan-graft-polyaniline (chi-g-PANI) copolymers exhibited a promising conductivity (4.8 S·m-1) because of the uniformly dispersed polyaniline components and a high strain strength (0.84 MPa) because of the chain entanglement of chitosan after soaking. In addition, the modified adenine molecules not only realized synchronization in improving the stretchability (up to 1303%) and exhibiting a skin-like elastic modulus (≈184 kPa), but also provided a durable interfacial contact with various materials. The hydrogel was further fabricated into a strain-monitoring sensor for information encryption and sign language transmission based on its sensing stability and strain sensitivity of up to 2.77. The developed wearable sign language interpreting system provides an innovative strategy to assist auditory or speech-impaired people in communicating with non-signers using visual-gestural patterns including body movements and facial expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu-I Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Song B, Fan X, Gu H. Chestnut-Tannin-Crosslinked, Antibacterial, Antifreezing, Conductive Organohydrogel as a Strain Sensor for Motion Monitoring, Flexible Keyboards, and Velocity Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2147-2162. [PMID: 36562537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensing devices (FSDs) fabricated using conductive hydrogels have attracted researchers' extensive enthusiasm in recent years due to their versatility. Considering the complexity of their application environments, the integration of various functional characteristics (e.g., excellent mechanical, antibacterial, and antifreezing properties) is an important guarantee for FSDs to stably perform their applications in different environments. Herein, we developed a multifunctional conductive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) organohydrogel PVA-CT-Ag-Al-Gly (PCAAG) by using a green, natural, and cheap biomass, chestnut tannin (CT), as a crosslinking agent, nano-silver particles (AgNPs) as an antimicrobial agent, aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) as a conducting medium, and the mixed water-glycerol as the solvent system. In this organohydrogel system, CT acted not only as the reducing and stabilizing agent for the preparation of antibacterial AgNPs but also as the crosslinking agent owing to its strong multiple hydrogen bonding interactions with PVA, realizing its multifunctional application. The PCAAG organohydrogel possessed outstanding physical and mechanical properties (350.54% of the maximum fracture strain and 1.55 MPa of the maximum tensile strength), considerable bacteriostatic effects against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and excellent freeze resistance (it could function normally at -20 °C). The motion-monitoring sensor based on the PCAAG organohydrogel exhibited excellent specificity recognition for both large-amplitude (e.g., elbow bending, wrist bending, finger bending, running and walking, etc.) and small-amplitude (frowning and swallowing) human movements. The flexible keyboard constructed by using the PCAAG organohydrogel could easily achieve the transformation between digital signals and electrical signals, and the signal output had both specificity and stability. The velocity-monitoring sensor fabricated by using the PCAAG organohydrogel could accurately measure the speed of the object movement (less than 3% of relative error). In short, the present PCAAG organohydrogel solves the problems of the single application environment and a few application scenarios of traditional conductive hydrogels and possesses remarkable application potential as a multifunctional FSD in many fields such as artificial intelligence, sport management, soft robots, and human-computer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
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8
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Boncel S, Jędrysiak RG, Czerw M, Kolanowska A, Blacha AW, Imielski M, Jóźwiak B, Dzida MH, Greer HF, Sobotnicki A. Paintable Carbon Nanotube Coating-Based Textronics for Sustained Holter-Type Electrocardiography. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:15762-15774. [PMID: 36338322 PMCID: PMC9623549 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c03904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing population suffering from or at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases can benefit from rapid, precise, and readily available diagnostics. Textronics is an interdisciplinary approach for designing and manufacturing high-performance flexible electronics integrated with textiles for various applications, with electrocardiography (ECG) being the most convenient and most frequently used diagnostic technique for textronic solutions. The key challenges that still exist for textronics include expedient manufacturing, adaptation to human subjects, sustained operational stability for Holter-type data acquisition, reproducibility, and compatibility with existing solutions. The present study demonstrates conveniently paintable ECG electroconductive coatings on T-shirts woven from polyester or 70% polyamide and 30% polyester. The up to 600-μm-thick coatings encompass working electrodes of low resistivity 60 Ω sq-1 sheathed in the insulated pathways-conjugable with a wireless, multichannel ECG recorder. Long (800 μm) multiwalled carbon nanotubes, with scalable reproducibility and purity (18 g per round of synthesis), constituted the electroactive components and were embedded into a commercially available screen-printing acrylic base. The resulting paint had a viscosity of 0.75 Pa·s at 56 s-1 and 25 °C and was conveniently applied using a paintbrush, making this technique accessible to manufacturers. The amplified and nondigitally processed ECG signals were recorded under dry-skin conditions using a certified ECG recorder. The system enabled the collection of ECG signals from two channels, allowing the acquisition of cardiac electrical activity on six ECG leads with quality at par with medical diagnostics. Importantly, the Holter-type ECG allowed ambulatory recording for >24 h under various activities (sitting, sleeping, walking, and running) in three male participants. The ECG signal was stable for >5 cycles of washing, a level of stability not reported yet previously. The developed ECG-textronic application possesses acceptable and reproducible characteristics, making this technology a suitable candidate for further testing in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Boncel
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Rafał G. Jędrysiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Czerw
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, Roosevelta 118, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Kolanowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology
Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna W. Blacha
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maciej Imielski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Bertrand Jóźwiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marzena H. Dzida
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Heather F. Greer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Aleksander Sobotnicki
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, Roosevelta 118, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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9
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Kim DY, Lee G, Lee GY, Kim J, Jeon K, Kim KS. Hybrid 1D/2D nanocarbon-based conducting polymer nanocomposites for high-performance wearable electrodes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4570-4578. [PMID: 36341283 PMCID: PMC9595188 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A low interfacial contact resistance is a challenge in polymer nanocomposites based on conductive nanomaterials for high-performance wearable electrode applications. Herein, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based flexible nanocomposite incorporating high-conductivity 1D single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and 2D reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) was developed for high-performance electrocardiogram (ECG) wearable electrodes. A PDMS-SWCNT (P-SW; type I) nanocomposite containing only SWCNTs (2 wt%), exhibited rough and non-uniform surface morphology owing to the strong bundling effect of as-grown SWCNTs and randomly entangled aggregate structures and because of inefficient vacuum degassing (i.e., R P-SW = 1871 Ω). In contrast, owing to the hybrid structure of the SWCNTs (1 wt%) and r-GO (1 wt%), the PDMS-SWCNTs/r-GO (P-SW/r-GO; type II) nanocomposite exhibited uniform surface characteristics and low contact resistance (i.e., R P-SW/r-GO = 63 Ω) through the formation of hybrid and long conducting pathways. The optimized nanocomposite (P-SW/r-GO/f; type III) possessed a fabric-assisted structure that enabled tunable and efficient vacuum degassing and curing conditions. Additionally, a long and wide conducting pathway was formed through more uniform and dense interconnected structures, and the contact resistance was drastically reduced (i.e., R P-SW/r-GO/f = 15 Ω). The performance of the electrodes fabricated using the optimized nanocomposites was the same or higher than that of commercial Ag/AgCl gel electrodes during real-time measurement for ECG Bluetooth monitoring. The developed high-performance hybrid conducting polymer electrodes are expected to contribute significantly to the expansion of the application scope of wearable electronic devices and wireless personal health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kim
- Convergence Research Division, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency (KCARBON) 110-11 Banryong-ro, Deokjin-gu Jeonju 54852 Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhee Lee
- Department of Physics, Graphene Research Institute and GRI-TPC International Research Centre, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Yong Lee
- Department of Physics, Graphene Research Institute and GRI-TPC International Research Centre, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungpil Kim
- Carbon & Light Materials Application Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) 222 Palbok-ro Deokjin-gu Jeonju 54853 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangu Jeon
- E-Cube Materials 67, Yusang-ro, Deokjin-gu Jeonju 54852 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Soo Kim
- Department of Physics, Graphene Research Institute and GRI-TPC International Research Centre, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
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10
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Ullah H, Wahab MA, Will G, Karim MR, Pan T, Gao M, Lai D, Lin Y, Miraz MH. Recent Advances in Stretchable and Wearable Capacitive Electrophysiological Sensors for Long-Term Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080630. [PMID: 36005025 PMCID: PMC9406032 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, wearable electrophysiological sensors with stretchability have received significant research attention because of their capability to continuously monitor electrophysiological signals from the human body with minimal body motion artifacts, long-term tracking, and comfort for real-time health monitoring. Among the four different sensors, i.e., piezoresistive, piezoelectric, iontronic, and capacitive, capacitive sensors are the most advantageous owing to their reusability, high durability, device sterilization ability, and minimum leakage currents between the electrode and the body to reduce the health risk arising from any short circuit. This review focuses on the development of wearable, flexible capacitive sensors for monitoring electrophysiological conditions, including the electrode materials and configuration, the sensing mechanisms, and the fabrication strategies. In addition, several design strategies of flexible/stretchable electrodes, body-to-electrode signal transduction, and measurements have been critically evaluated. We have also highlighted the gaps and opportunities needed for enhancing the suitability and practical applicability of wearable capacitive sensors. Finally, the potential applications, research challenges, and future research directions on stretchable and wearable capacitive sensors are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadaate Ullah
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Md A. Wahab
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George St Brisbane, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Will
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George St Brisbane, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mohammad R. Karim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taisong Pan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dakun Lai
- Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology Laboratory, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Medico-Engineering Corporation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Mahdi H. Miraz
- School of Computing and Data Science, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
- School of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, Wrexham Glyndŵr University, Wrexham LL112AW, UK
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11
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Ilatovskii DA, Gilshtein EP, Glukhova OE, Nasibulin AG. Transparent Conducting Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes: Rational Design toward the Theoretical Limit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201673. [PMID: 35712777 PMCID: PMC9405519 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive thin-film materials possessing high transparency are essential components for many optoelectronic devices. The advancement in the transparent conductor applications requires a replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO), one of the key materials in electronics. ITO and other transparent conductive metal oxides have several drawbacks, including poor flexibility, high refractive index and haze, limited chemical stability, and depleted raw material supply. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a promising alternative for transparent conducting films (TCFs) because of their unique and excellent chemical and physical properties. Here, the latest achievements in the optoelectronic performance of TCFs based on SWCNTs are analyzed. Various approaches to evaluate the performance of transparent electrodes are briefly reviewed. A roadmap for further research and development of the transparent conductors using "rational design," which breaks the deadlock for obtaining the TCFs with a performance close to the theoretical limit, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A. Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel Str. 3Moscow143026Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniia P. Gilshtein
- Empa‐Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129Dübendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Saratov State UniversityAstrakhanskaya Str. 83Saratov410012Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityBolshaya Pirogovskaya Str. 2–4Moscow119991Russian Federation
| | - Albert G. Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel Str. 3Moscow143026Russian Federation
- Aalto UniversityEspooFI‐00076Finland
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12
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Mondal AK, Xu D, Wu S, Zou Q, Lin W, Huang F, Ni Y. Lignin-containing hydrogels with anti-freezing, excellent water retention and super-flexibility for sensor and supercapacitor applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:77-90. [PMID: 35691432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We developed a highly conductive and flexible, anti-freezing sulfonated lignin (SL)-containing polyacrylic acid (PAA) (SL-g-PAA-Ni) hydrogel, with a high concentration of NiCl2. Ni2+ contributes multi-functions to the preparation of the hydrogel and its final properties, such as fast polymerization reaction as a result of the presence of redox pairs of Ni3+/Ni2+ and hydroquinone/quinone, and anti-freezing properties of the hydrogel due to the salt effects of NiCl2 so that at -20 °C the hydrogel shows similar properties to those at the room temperature. Thanks to the effective coordinations of Ni2+ with catecholic groups and carboxylic groups, as well as the rich hydrogen bonding capacity, the resultant hydrogel possesses excellent mechanical properties. High ionic conductivity (6.85 S·m-1) of the hydrogel is obtained due to the supply of high concentration of Ni2+. Moreover, the ionic solvation effect of NiCl2 in the hydrogel imparts excellent water retention ability, with water retention of ~93 % after 21-day storage. The SL-g-PAA-Ni hydrogel can accurately detect various human motions at -20 °C. The supercapacitor assembled from SL-g-PAA-Al hydrogel at -20 °C manifests a high specific capacitance of 252 F·g-1, with maximum energy density of 26.97 Wh·kg-1, power density of 2667 W·kg-1, and capacitance retention of 96.7 % after 3000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Dezhong Xu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiuxia Zou
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Weijie Lin
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada.
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13
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Grebenko AK, Motovilov KA, Bubis AV, Nasibulin AG. Gentle Patterning Approaches toward Compatibility with Bio-Organic Materials and Their Environmental Aspects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200476. [PMID: 35315215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in material science, bioelectronic, and implantable medicine combined with recent requests for eco-friendly materials and technologies inevitably formulate new challenges for nano- and micropatterning techniques. Overall, the importance of creating micro- and nanostructures is motivated by a large manifold of fundamental and applied properties accessible only at the nanoscale. Lithography is a crucial family of fabrication methods to create prototypes and produce devices on an industrial scale. The pure trend in the miniaturization of critical electronic semiconducting components has been recently enhanced by implementing bio-organic systems in electronics. So far, significant efforts have been made to find novel lithographic approaches and develop old ones to reach compatibility with delicate bio-organic systems and minimize the impact on the environment. Herein, such delicate materials and sophisticated patterning techniques are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem K Grebenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Motovilov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - Anton V Bubis
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Academician Ossipyan str., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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14
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Chen S, Wu Z, Chu C, Ni Y, Neisiany RE, You Z. Biodegradable Elastomers and Gels for Elastic Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105146. [PMID: 35212474 PMCID: PMC9069371 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable electronics are considered as an important bio-friendly solution for electronic waste (e-waste) management, sustainable development, and emerging implantable devices. Elastic electronics with higher imitative mechanical characteristics of human tissues, have become crucial for human-related applications. The convergence of biodegradability and elasticity has emerged a new paradigm of next-generation electronics especially for wearable and implantable electronics. The corresponding biodegradable elastic materials are recognized as a key to drive this field toward the practical applications. The review first clarifies the relevant concepts including biodegradable and elastic electronics along with their general design principles. Subsequently, the crucial mechanisms of the degradation in polymeric materials are discussed in depth. The diverse types of biodegradable elastomers and gels for electronics are then summarized. Their molecular design, modification, processing, and device fabrication especially the structure-properties relationship as well as recent advanced are reviewed in detail. Finally, the current challenges and the future directions are proposed. The critical insights of biodegradability and elastic characteristics in the elastomers and gel allows them to be tailored and designed more effectively for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Zekai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Chengzhen Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringHakim Sabzevari UniversitySabzevar9617976487Iran
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
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15
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Tian Y, Zhu X, Gan T, He B, Wang X. Preparation of multifunctional biohydrogel sensors with one freeze–thaw process. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Xing Zhu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Ting Gan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Bin He
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
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16
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Mondal AK, Xu D, Wu S, Zou Q, Huang F, Ni Y. Design of Fe 3+-Rich, High-Conductivity Lignin Hydrogels for Supercapacitor and Sensor Applications. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:766-778. [PMID: 35049296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of natural polymer-based highly conductive hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties for applications in flexible electronics is still challenging. Herein, we report a facile method to prepare lignin-based Fe3+-rich, high-conductivity hydrogels via the following two-step process: (1) lignin hydrogels are prepared by cross-linking sulfonated lignin with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) and (2) Fe3+ ions are impregnated into the lignin hydrogel by simply soaking in FeCl3. Benefiting from Fe3+ ion complexation with catechol groups and other functional groups in lignin, the resultant hydrogels exhibit unique properties, such as high conductivity (as high as 6.69 S·m-1) and excellent mechanical and hydrophobic properties. As a strain sensor, the as-prepared lignin hydrogel shows high sensitivity when detecting various human motions. With the flow of moist air, the Fe3+-rich lignin hydrogel generates an output voltage of 162.8 mV. The assembled supercapacitor of the hydrogel electrolyte demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 301.8 F·g-1, with a maximum energy density of 26.73 Wh·kg-1, a power density of 2.38 kW·kg-1, and a capacitance retention of 94.1% after 10 000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles. These results support the conclusion that lignin-based Fe3+-rich, high-conductivity hydrogels have promising applications in different fields, including sensors and supercapacitors, rendering a new platform for the value-added utilization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Dezhong Xu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiuxia Zou
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada
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17
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Pillai S, Upadhyay A, Sayson D, Nguyen BH, Tran SD. Advances in Medical Wearable Biosensors: Design, Fabrication and Materials Strategies in Healthcare Monitoring. Molecules 2021; 27:165. [PMID: 35011400 PMCID: PMC8746599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, wearable biosensors have radically changed our outlook on contemporary medical healthcare monitoring systems. These smart, multiplexed devices allow us to quantify dynamic biological signals in real time through highly sensitive, miniaturized sensing platforms, thereby decentralizing the concept of regular clinical check-ups and diagnosis towards more versatile, remote, and personalized healthcare monitoring. This paradigm shift in healthcare delivery can be attributed to the development of nanomaterials and improvements made to non-invasive biosignal detection systems alongside integrated approaches for multifaceted data acquisition and interpretation. The discovery of new biomarkers and the use of bioaffinity recognition elements like aptamers and peptide arrays combined with the use of newly developed, flexible, and conductive materials that interact with skin surfaces has led to the widespread application of biosensors in the biomedical field. This review focuses on the recent advances made in wearable technology for remote healthcare monitoring. It classifies their development and application in terms of electrochemical, mechanical, and optical modes of transduction and type of material used and discusses the shortcomings accompanying their large-scale fabrication and commercialization. A brief note on the most widely used materials and their improvements in wearable sensor development is outlined along with instructions for the future of medical wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Pillai
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Akshaya Upadhyay
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Darren Sayson
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Bich Hong Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
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18
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Wang X, Li X, Zhao L, Li M, Li Y, Yang W, Ren J. Polypyrrole-doped conductive self-healing multifunctional composite hydrogels with a dual crosslinked network. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8363-8372. [PMID: 34550157 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soft hydrogel materials can be applied for use in biosensors, wearable electronics, artificial skin, soft robots, and so on. Practical applications require the materials to have various properties such as high conductivity, toughness, self-healing, stretchability, and so on. However, achieving all these features in a single material remains challenging at present. Herein, the fabrication of novel composite carboxymethylcellulose/poly(acrylic acid)/polypyrrole/Al(III) (CMC/PAA/PPy/Al(III)) multifunctional hydrogels using a simple method is described. The mechanical and electrical self-healing properties are attained by multiple dynamic coordinations between Al3+ ions and carboxyl groups from CMC and PAA together with the hydrogen bonding between PPy and the -OH of CMC and/or the -COOH of PAA. The electrical conductivity is achieved by the conductive polymer PPy, free ions, and the synergistic effect between the PPy particles and the free ions. Moreover, desirable mechanical properties, such as stretchability (1344%), toughness, and mouldability are realized by establishing a balance between the chemical and physical crosslinking networks, and the nanostructure of PPy. Thus, the resultant hydrogels have potential applications in electronic skin, biomedical implants, and wearable electronic devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemiao Wang
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Northwest Normal University, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Li
- The High School Attached to Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Northwest Normal University, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Northwest Normal University, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Northwest Normal University, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Wu Yang
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Northwest Normal University, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Northwest Normal University, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
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19
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Wei H, Kong D, Li T, Xue Q, Wang S, Cui D, Huang Y, Wang L, Hu S, Wan T, Yang G. Solution-Processable Conductive Composite Hydrogels with Multiple Synergetic Networks toward Wearable Pressure/Strain Sensors. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2938-2951. [PMID: 34328311 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A biocompatible, flexible, yet robust conductive composite hydrogel (CCH) for wearable pressure/strain sensors has been achieved by an all-solution-based approach. The CCH is rationally constructed by in situ polymerization of aniline (An) monomers in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix, followed by the cross-linking of PVA with glutaraldehyde (GA) as the cross-linker. The unique multiple synergetic networks in the CCH including strong chemical covalent bonds and abundance of weak physical cross-links, i.e., hydrogen bondings and electrostatic interactions, impart excellent mechanical strength (a fracture tensile strength of 1200 kPa), superior compressibility (ε = 80%@400 kPa), outstanding stretchability (a fracture strain of 670%), high sensitivity (0.62 kPa-1 at a pressure range of 0-1.0 kPa for pressure sensing and a gauge factor of 3.4 at a strain range of 0-300% for strain sensing, respectively), and prominent fatigue resistance (1500 cycling). As the flexible wearable sensor, the CCH is able to monitor different types of human motion and diagnostically distinguish speaking. As a proof of concept, a sensing device has been designed for the real-time detection of 2D distribution of weight or pressure, suggesting its promising potentials for electronic skin, human-machine interaction, and soft robot applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huige Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Deshuo Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qizhou Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dapeng Cui
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sanming Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tong Wan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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20
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Sunwoo SH, Ha KH, Lee S, Lu N, Kim DH. Wearable and Implantable Soft Bioelectronics: Device Designs and Material Strategies. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:359-391. [PMID: 34097846 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101420-024336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-performance wearable and implantable devices capable of recording physiological signals and delivering appropriate therapeutics in real time are playing a pivotal role in revolutionizing personalized healthcare. However, the mechanical and biochemical mismatches between rigid, inorganic devices and soft, organic human tissues cause significant trouble, including skin irritation, tissue damage, compromised signal-to-noise ratios, and limited service time. As a result, profuse research efforts have been devoted to overcoming these issues by using flexible and stretchable device designs and soft materials. Here, we summarize recent representative research and technological advances for soft bioelectronics, including conformable and stretchable device designs, various types of soft electronic materials, and surface coating and treatment methods. We also highlight applications of these strategies to emerging soft wearable and implantable devices. We conclude with some current limitations and offer future prospects of this booming field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA;
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA; .,Center for Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Materials, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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21
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Han K, Bai Q, Wu W, Sun N, Cui N, Lu T. Gelatin-based adhesive hydrogel with self-healing, hemostasis, and electrical conductivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2142-2151. [PMID: 34048838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of natural protein derived material, gelatin has been widely used in the preparation of medical hydrogels due to its good biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity and the ability of promoting cell adhesion. Functionalization of gelatin-based hydrogels is a hot topic in research and its clinic application. Herein, a novel gelatin-based adhesive hydrogel was prepared via mussel-inspired chemistry. Gelatin was firstly functionalized by dopamine to form dopamine grafted gelatin (GelDA). After the mixture with 1,4-phenylenebisboronic acid and graphene oxide (GO), the GelDA/GO hydrogels were obtained by H2O2/HRP (horseradish peroxidase) catalytic system. Based on the self-healing and tissue adhesion of the hydrogels, the hemostatic property has been exhibited in the rat hepatic hemorrhage model. Additionally, the incorporation of GO endowed conductivity and enhanced the mechanical property of GelDA/GO hydrogels. The electromyography (EMG) signals of finger movement were successfully monitored by using hydrogel as the adhesive electrodes of EMG monitor. L929 cell experiments showed that the hydrogels had good cytocompatibility. The results indicated the potential application of GelDA/GO hydrogels in tissue adhesives, wound dressings, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Han
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No.127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Que Bai
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No.127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No.127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No.127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Cui
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No.127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No.127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Sun Z, Li Z, Qu K, Zhang Z, Niu Y, Xu W, Ren C. A review on recent advances in gel adhesion and their potential applications. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Zhao L, Li X, Li Y, Wang X, Yang W, Ren J. Polypyrrole-Doped Conductive Self-Healing Composite Hydrogels with High Toughness and Stretchability. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1273-1281. [PMID: 33596651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hydrogels with self-healing capability and conductivity have become ideal materials for the design of electrodes, soft robotics, electronic skin, and flexible wearable devices. However, it is still a critical challenge to achieve the synergistic characteristics of high conductivity, excellent self-healing efficiency without any stimulations, and decent mechanical properties. Herein, we developed a ferric-ion (Fe3+) crosslinked acrylic acid and chitosan polymer hydrogel using embedded polypyrrole particles with features of high conductivity (2.61S·m-1) and good mechanical performances (a tensile strength of 628%, a stress of 0.33 MPa, an elastic modulus of 0.146 MPa, and a toughness of 1.14 MJ·m-3). In addition, the self-healing efficiency achieved 93% in tensile strength after healing in the air for 9 h without any external stimuli. Therefore, with these outstanding mechanical, self-healing, and conductive abilities all in one, it is possible to fabricate a new kind of soft material with wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhao
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- The High School Attached to Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xuemiao Wang
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Wu Yang
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
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25
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Zhang Y, Ren E, Li A, Cui C, Guo R, Tang H, Xiao H, Zhou M, Qin W, Wang X, Liu L. A porous self-healing hydrogel with an island-bridge structure for strain and pressure sensors. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:719-730. [PMID: 33306084 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01926g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have attracted widespread attention in wearable electronic devices and human motion detection. However, designing self-healing hydrogels with high conductivity and excellent mechanical properties remains a challenge. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol/carbon nanotubes/graphene (PVA/CNTs/graphene) with an island-bridge hydrogel structure and self-healing properties was designed by merging PVA/CNTs hydrogel and PVA/graphene hydrogel, in which the PVA/graphene hydrogel acts as an "island" and PVA/CNTs hydrogel acts as a "bridge" to bridge the entire conductive network. Hydrogen-bonding between the borate ion and the -OH group of PVA allows the conductive hydrogel to heal without any external stimulation. The PVA/CNTs/graphene hydrogel can be used for both stretchable strain and pressure sensors. The obtained PVA/CNTs/graphene composite hydrogel exhibits excellent electrical conductivity, extreme high elastic strain (up to 900%) and strong mechanical pressure (up to 10 kPa). The strain sensor based on the PVA/CNTs/graphene hydrogel exhibits excellent tensile strain sensitivity (a gauge factor of 152.6 in the strain region of 316-600%) and wide detection working range (1-600%) with high durability and repeatability. The sensor also remains highly sensitive when being used as a pressure sensor (-0.127 kPa-1 at 0-5 kPa). Additionally, the PVA/CNTs/graphene hydrogel-based sensor can detect human motions after multiple cuts and self-healing with excellent stability and repeatability. The PVA/CNTs/graphene hydrogel provides a new idea in the development of wearable electronics, demonstrating the potential of the next generation of wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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An origami paper-based nanoformulated immunosensor detects picograms of VEGF-C per milliliter of blood. Commun Biol 2021; 4:121. [PMID: 33500522 PMCID: PMC7838172 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), a kind of tumor biomarker, is of significant clinical importance in evaluating the prognosis of patients with cancer. However, laboratory analyses are usually not suitable for point-of-care testing because they are expensive and time consuming. In response to these challenges, we fabricated an origami paper-based microfluidic electrochemical device. To improve the specificity of VEGF-C detection, nanocomposites, synthesized by new methylene blue (NMB), amino-functional single-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-SWCNTs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), were used to modify the surface of working electrodes. Results of electrochemical detection showed that the immunosensor had excellent linearity, ranging from 0.01 to 100 ng mL−1 (R2 = 0.988), and the limit of detection was 10 pg mL−1. To confirm the high specificity of the device under real-world conditions, we evaluated the device using clinical serum samples from our hospital. The results demonstrated that the device had an excellent performance and could provide a platform for real-time detection of cancers. Sun, Wang et al. report an origami paper-based immunosensor for the electrochemical detection of the VEGF-C biomarker in blood serum. The immunosensor is made by modifying the surface of working electrodes with new methylene blue, amino-functional single-walled carbon nanotubes, and gold nanoparticles and demonstrates excellent performance with a limit of detection in the range of picograms per milliliter.
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27
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Wang C, Yokota T, Someya T. Natural Biopolymer-Based Biocompatible Conductors for Stretchable Bioelectronics. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2109-2146. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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28
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Kolanowska A, Herman AP, Jędrysiak RG, Boncel S. Carbon nanotube materials for electrocardiography. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3020-3042. [PMID: 35424207 PMCID: PMC8693996 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08679g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as 1D nanomaterials of excellent physicochemical characteristics bring hope to compete and eventually conquer traditional solutions in electrocardiography - one of the most powerful and non-invasive diagnostic tools in cardiac disorders. Our review tracks (from 2008) the development of CNTs as critical components in the systems where CNTs serve mainly as electroconductive fillers hence enable recording electrocardiographs (ECG). The characteristics of the CNT-based ECG systems - mainly to-skin electrodes and in a few cases wiring - covers their electrical and mechanical performance (adhesivity, flexibility, elasticity) and qualitative biocompatibility. By comprehensive analysis of the state-of-art in this field, we intend to indicate the most important challenges for the CNT (and other) materials to be applied in scale-up solution for electrocardiography in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolanowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
| | - Artur P Herman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Rafał G Jędrysiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
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29
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Mitin D, Berdnikov Y, Vorobyev A, Mozharov A, Raudik S, Koval O, Neplokh V, Moiseev E, Ilatovskii D, Nasibulin AG, Mukhin I. Optimization of Optoelectronic Properties of Patterned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55141-55147. [PMID: 33249829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel strategy to enhance optoelectrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films for transparent electrode applications by film patterning. First, we theoretically considered the effect of the conducting pattern geometry on the film quality factor and then experimentally examined the calculated structures. We extend these results to show that the best characteristics of patterned SWCNT films can be achieved using the combination of initial film properties: low transmittance and high conductivity. The proposed strategy allows the patterned layers of SWCNTs to outperform the widely used indium-tin-oxide electrodes on both flexible and rigid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Mitin
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Yury Berdnikov
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexandr Vorobyev
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Alexey Mozharov
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Sergei Raudik
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Olga Koval
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Vladimir Neplokh
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Eduard Moiseev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 16 Soyuza Pechatnikov, St. Petersburg 190008, Russia
| | - Daniil Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ivan Mukhin
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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30
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One-step preparation of a highly transparent, stretchable and conductive ionic nanocomposite hydrogel. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Wu L, Li L, Pan L, Wang H, Bin Y. MWCNTs
reinforced conductive, self‐healing polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl chitosan/oxidized sodium alginate hydrogel as the strain sensor. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Longwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Lujun Pan
- School of Physics Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Hai Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Yuezhen Bin
- School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
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32
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Zhou X, Li C, Zhu L, Zhou X. Engineering hydrogels by soaking: from mechanical strengthening to environmental adaptation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13731-13747. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The soaking strategy could not only strengthen hydrogels with superior mechanical properties but also provide the hydrogels with environmentally adapting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
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33
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Liang B, Zhang Z, Chen W, Lu D, Yang L, Yang R, Zhu H, Tang Z, Gui X. Direct Patterning of Carbon Nanotube via Stamp Contact Printing Process for Stretchable and Sensitive Sensing Devices. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:92. [PMID: 34138033 PMCID: PMC7770666 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable sensing devices have broad application prospects in bio-monitoring such as pulse measurement, motion detection and voice recognition. In recent years, many significant improvements had been made to enhance the sensor's performance including sensitivity, flexibility and repeatability. However, it is still extremely complicated and difficult to prepare a patterned sensor directly on a flexible substrate. Herein, inspired by typography, a low-cost, environmentally friendly stamping method for the mass production of transparent conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) film is proposed. In this dry transfer strategy, a porous CNT block was used as both the seal and the ink; and Ecoflex film was served as an object substrate. Well-designed CNT patterns can be easily fabricated on the polymer substrate by engraving the target pattern on the CNT seal before the stamping process. Moreover, the CNT film can be directly used to fabricate ultrathin (300 μm) strain sensor. This strain sensor possesses high sensitivity with a gauge factor (GF) up to 9960 at 85% strain, high stretchability (> 200%) and repeatability (> 5000 cycles). It has been used to measure pulse signals and detect joint motion, suggesting promising application prospects in flexible and wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Karimi AR, Nikravesh G, Bayat F, Khodadadi A, Tarighatjoo M. Tunable Thermo‐ and pH‐Responsive Hydrogels and MWCNTs/Hydrogel Containing 2‐Aminobenzamide Units in Their Crosslink Chains. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali R. Karimi
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceArak University Arak 38156-8-8349 Iran
| | - Golara Nikravesh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceArak University Arak 38156-8-8349 Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bayat
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceArak University Arak 38156-8-8349 Iran
| | - Azam Khodadadi
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceArak University Arak 38156-8-8349 Iran
| | - Mahsa Tarighatjoo
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceArak University Arak 38156-8-8349 Iran
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35
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Hu X, Dou Y, Li J, Liu Z. Buckled Structures: Fabrication and Applications in Wearable Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804805. [PMID: 30740901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics have attracted a tremendous amount of attention due to their many potential applications, such as personalized health monitoring, motion detection, and smart clothing, where electronic devices must conformably form contacts with curvilinear surfaces and undergo large deformations. Structural design and material selection have been the key factors for the development of wearable electronics in the recent decades. As one of the most widely used geometries, buckling structures endow high stretchability, high mechanical durability, and comfortable contact for human-machine interaction via wearable devices. In addition, buckling structures that are derived from natural biosurfaces have high potential for use in cost-effective and high-grade wearable electronics. This review provides fundamental insights into buckling fabrication and discusses recent advancements for practical applications of buckled electronics, such as interconnects, sensors, transistors, energy storage, and conversion devices. In addition to the incorporation of desired functions, the simple and consecutive manipulation and advanced structural design of the buckled structures are discussed, which are important for advancing the field of wearable electronics. The remaining challenges and future perspectives for buckled electronics are briefly discussed in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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36
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Tsapenko AP, Romanov SA, Satco DA, Krasnikov DV, Rajanna PM, Danilson M, Volobujeva O, Anisimov AS, Goldt AE, Nasibulin AG. Aerosol-Assisted Fine-Tuning of Optoelectrical Properties of SWCNT Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3961-3965. [PMID: 31265305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel, scalable, and simple method for aerosol doping of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films. This method is based on aerosolization of a dopant solution (HAuCl4 in ethanol) and time-controlled deposition of uniform aerosol particles on the nanotube film surface. The approach developed allows fine-tuning of the SWCNT work function in the range of 4.45 (for pristine nanotubes) to 5.46 eV, controllably varying the sheet resistance of the films from 79 to 3.2 Ω/□ for the SWCNT films with 50% transmittance (at 550 nm). This opens a new avenue for traditional and flexible optoelectronics, both to replace existing indium-tin oxide electrodes and to develop novel applications of the highly conductive transparent films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey P Tsapenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Str. 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
- Aalto University , 00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Stepan A Romanov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Str. 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Daria A Satco
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Str. 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Krasnikov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Str. 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Pramod M Rajanna
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Str. 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
- Aalto University , 00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Mati Danilson
- Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5 , 12616 Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Olga Volobujeva
- Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5 , 12616 Tallinn , Estonia
| | | | - Anastasia E Goldt
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Str. 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Str. 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
- Aalto University , 00076 Espoo , Finland
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37
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Rackauskas S, Rackauskas T, Alaferdov A, Vaz A, Savu R, Moshkalev SA. Multilayer graphene nanobelts on SWCNT films for high current interconnect applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:245203. [PMID: 30780135 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work we propose multilayer graphene (MLG) nanobelts for high current interconnections with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and compare these with metal contacts. MLG contacts were directly printed on the SWCNT, without any additional metal parts, demonstrating the possibility to use these materials as interconnections in microelectronics. Different work function metals Al, Ti and Pd were probed for the lowest contact resistance with the SWCNT. Ti contacts demonstrated the best results among the metals owing to its work function being closest to the SWCNT and therefore giving the lowest Schottky barrier. Even though Ti contacts show the lowest contact resistance, the current density for MLG contacts was higher, giving the best results for high current interconnection applications. Moreover, MLG contacts show a stable and repeatable resistance decrease under high current conditions. Heat treatment of the MLG and metal contacts was completed in vacuum, in order to further reduce the contact resistance and optimal heat treatment conditions were found at 600 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simas Rackauskas
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50, LT-51368, Kaunas, Lithuania. Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, LT-51423, Kaunas, Lithuania
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38
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Tong R, Chen G, Pan D, Qi H, Li R, Tian J, Lu F, He M. Highly Stretchable and Compressible Cellulose Ionic Hydrogels for Flexible Strain Sensors. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2096-2104. [PMID: 30995834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable and compressible hydrogels based on natural polymers have received immense considerations for electronics. The feasibility of using pure natural polymer-based hydrogels could be improved if their mechanical behaviors satisfy the requirements of practical applications. Herein, we report highly stretchable (tensile strain ∼126%) and compressible (compression strain ∼80%) cellulose ionic hydrogels (CIHs) among pure natural polymer-based hydrogels including cellulose, chitin, and chitosan via chemical cross-linking based on free radical polymerization of allyl cellulose in NaOH/urea aqueous solution. In addition, the hydrogels have good transparency (transmittance of ∼89% at 550 nm) and ionic conductivity (∼0.16 mS cm-1) and can be worked at -20 °C without freezing and visual loss of transparency. Moreover, the CIHs can serve as reliable and stable strain sensors and have been successfully used to monitor human activities. Significantly, the various properties of hydrogel can be controlled through rationally adjusting the chemically cross-linked density. Our methodology will prove useful in developing the satisfied mechanical and transparent CIHs for a myriad of applications in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Guangxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Danhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Haisong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Ren'ai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Junfei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Fachuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Minghui He
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Ray TR, Choi J, Bandodkar AJ, Krishnan S, Gutruf P, Tian L, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5461-5533. [PMID: 30689360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bio-integrated wearable systems can measure a broad range of biophysical, biochemical, and environmental signals to provide critical insights into overall health status and to quantify human performance. Recent advances in material science, chemical analysis techniques, device designs, and assembly methods form the foundations for a uniquely differentiated type of wearable technology, characterized by noninvasive, intimate integration with the soft, curved, time-dynamic surfaces of the body. This review summarizes the latest advances in this emerging field of "bio-integrated" technologies in a comprehensive manner that connects fundamental developments in chemistry, material science, and engineering with sensing technologies that have the potential for widespread deployment and societal benefit in human health care. An introduction to the chemistries and materials for the active components of these systems contextualizes essential design considerations for sensors and associated platforms that appear in following sections. The subsequent content highlights the most advanced biosensors, classified according to their ability to capture biophysical, biochemical, and environmental information. Additional sections feature schemes for electrically powering these sensors and strategies for achieving fully integrated, wireless systems. The review concludes with an overview of key remaining challenges and a summary of opportunities where advances in materials chemistry will be critically important for continued progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Ray
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jungil Choi
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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Yang Y, Guan L, Li X, Gao Z, Ren X, Gao G. Conductive Organohydrogels with Ultrastretchability, Antifreezing, Self-Healing, and Adhesive Properties for Motion Detection and Signal Transmission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3428-3437. [PMID: 30592212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels had demonstrated significant prospect in the field of wearable devices. However, hydrogels suffer from a huge limitation of freezing when the temperature falls below zero. Here, a novel conductive organohydrogel was developed by introducing polyelectrolytes and glycerol into hydrogels. The gel exhibited excellent elongation, self-healing, and self-adhesive performance for various materials. Moreover, the gel could withstand a low temperature of -20 °C for 24 h without freezing and still maintain good conductivity and self-healing properties. As a result, the sample could be applied for motion detection and signal transmission. For example, it can respond to finger movements and transmit network signals like network cables. Therefore, it was envisioned that the effective design strategy for conductive organohydrogels with antifreezing, toughness, self-healing, and self-adhesive properties would provide wide applications of flexible wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Lin Guan
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Zijian Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuyan Ren
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
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Hersey M, Berger SN, Holmes J, West A, Hashemi P. Recent Developments in Carbon Sensors for At-Source Electroanalysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:27-43. [PMID: 30481001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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