1
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Du S, Zong S, Ning Z, Yang F. Highly Sensitive Biomimetic Crack Pressure Sensor with Selective Frequency Response. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38808653 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
High-sensitivity sensors in practical applications face the issue of environmental noise interference, requiring additional noise reduction circuits or filtering algorithms to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To address this issue, this study proposes a biomimetic crack pressure sensor with selective frequency response based on hydrogel dampers. The core of this research is to construct a biomimetic crack pressure sensor with selective frequency response using the high-pass filtering characteristics of gelatin-chitosan hydrogels. This design, inspired by the slit sensilla and stratum corneum structure of spider legs, delves into the material properties and principles of hydrogel dampers, exploring their application in biomimetic crack pressure sensors, including parameter selection, structural design, and performance optimization. By delving into the nuanced characteristics and working principles of hydrogel dampers, their integration in biomimetic crack pressure sensors is examined, focusing on aspects like parameter selection, structural engineering, and performance enhancement to selectively sieve out low-frequency noise and transmit target vibrational signals. Experimental results demonstrate that this innovative sensor, while suppressing low-frequency vibration signals, can selectively detect high-frequency signals with high sensitivity. At different vibration frequencies, the relative change in resistance exceeds 200%, and the sensor sensitivity is 7 × 104 kPa-1. Furthermore, this sensor was applied to human voice detection, and the corresponding results verified its frequency-selective performance evidently. This study not only proposes a new design for pressure sensors but also offers fresh insights into the application of biomimetic crack pressure sensors in intricate environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology─Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zongzheng Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology─Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Songlin Du
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology─Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sicheng Zong
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology─Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zijun Ning
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology─Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuling Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology─Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Wang F, Su D, Ma K, Qin B, Li B, Li J, Zhang C, Xin Y, Huang Z, Yang W, Wang S, He X. Reliable and Scalable Piezoresistive Sensors with an MXene/MoS 2 Hierarchical Nanostructure for Health Signals Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44001-44011. [PMID: 37671797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased popularity of wearable electronic devices has led to a greater need for advanced sensors. However, fabricating pressure sensors that are flexible, highly sensitive, robust, and compatible with large-scale fabrication technology is challenging. This work investigates a piezoresistive sensor constructed from an MXene/MoS2 hierarchical nanostructure, which is obtained through an easy and inexpensive fabrication process. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 0.42 kPa-1 (0-1.5 kPa), rapid response (∼36 ms), and remarkable mechanical durability (∼10,000 cycles at 13 kPa). The sensor has been demonstrated to be successful in detecting human motion, speech recognition, and physiological signals, particularly in analyzing human pulse. These data can be used to alert and identify irregularities in human health. Additionally, the sensing units are able to construct sensor arrays of various sizes and configurations, enabling pressure distribution imaging in a variety of application scenarios. This research proposes a cost-effective and scalable approach to fabricating piezoresistive sensors and sensor arrays, which can be utilized for monitoring human health and for use in human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Wang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Daojian Su
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Bolong Qin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Baijun Li
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Junxian Li
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Zundi Huang
- School of Rail Transportation, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Yang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Shuangpeng Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Xin He
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
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3
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Yang J, Chen Y, Liu S, Liu C, Ma T, Luo Z, Ge G. Single-Line Multi-Channel Flexible Stress Sensor Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1554. [PMID: 37630090 PMCID: PMC10456942 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible stress sensor arrays, comprising multiple flexible stress sensor units, enable accurate quantification and analysis of spatial stress distribution. Nevertheless, the current implementation of flexible stress sensor arrays faces the challenge of excessive signal wires, resulting in reduced deformability, stability, reliability, and increased costs. The primary obstacle lies in the electric amplitude modulation nature of the sensor unit's signal (e.g., resistance and capacitance), allowing only one signal per wire. To overcome this challenge, the single-line multi-channel signal (SLMC) measurement has been developed, enabling simultaneous detection of multiple sensor signals through one or two signal wires, which effectively reduces the number of signal wires, thereby enhancing stability, deformability, and reliability. This review offers a general knowledge of SLMC measurement beginning with flexible stress sensors and their piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric sensing mechanisms. A further discussion is given on different arraying methods and their corresponding advantages and disadvantages. Finally, this review categorizes existing SLMC measurement methods into RLC series resonant sensing, transmission line sensing, ionic conductor sensing, triboelectric sensing, piezoresistive sensing, and distributed fiber optic sensing based on their mechanisms, describes the mechanisms and characteristics of each method and summarizes the research status of SLMC measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Shuoyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Zhenmin Luo
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Gang Ge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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4
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Zhang C, Wu M, Li M, Che L, Tan Z, Guo D, Kang Z, Cao S, Zhang S, Sui Y, Sun J, Wang L, Liu J. A nanonewton-scale biomimetic mechanosensor. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:87. [PMID: 37440869 PMCID: PMC10333214 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic mechanosensors have profound implications for various areas, including health care, prosthetics, human‒machine interfaces, and robotics. As one of the most important parameters, the sensitivity of mechanosensors is intrinsically determined by the detection resolution to mechanical force. In this manuscript, we expand the force detection resolution of current biomimetic mechanosensors from the micronewton to nanonewton scale. We develop a nanocrack-based electronic whisker-type mechanosensor that has a detection resolution of 72.2 nN. We achieve the perception of subtle mechanical stimuli, such as tiny objects and airflow, and the recognition of surface morphology down to a 30 nm height, which is the finest resolution ever reported in biomimetic mechanosensors. More importantly, we explore the use of this mechanosensor in wearable devices for sensing gravity field orientation with respect to the body, which has not been previously achieved by these types of sensors. We develop a wearable smart system for sensing the body's posture and movements, which can be used for remote monitoring of falls in elderly people. In summary, the proposed device offers great advantages for not only improving sensing ability but also expanding functions and thus can be used in many fields not currently served by mechanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Mengxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Lixuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Zhiguang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Di Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Zhan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Shuye Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Yu Sui
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Jining Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Liding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Junshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning China
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5
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Hu J, Dun G, Geng X, Chen J, Wu X, Ren TL. Recent progress in flexible micro-pressure sensors for wearable health monitoring. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3131-3145. [PMID: 37325539 PMCID: PMC10262959 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible micro-pressure sensors have been used widely in wearable health monitoring applications due to their excellent flexibility, stretchability, non-invasiveness, comfort wearing and real-time detection. According to the working mechanism of the flexible micro-pressure sensor, it can be classified as piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive and triboelectric types. Herein, an overview of flexible micro-pressure sensors for wearable health monitoring is presented. The physiological signaling and body motions contain a lot of health status information. Thus, this review focuses on the applications of flexible micro-pressure sensors in these fields. Additionally, the contents of sensing mechanism, sensing materials and performance of flexible micro-pressure sensors are introduced in detail. Finally, we predict the future research directions of the flexible micro-pressure sensors, and discuss the challenges in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Hu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guanhua Dun
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiangshun Geng
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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6
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Chang K, Wu Z, Meng J, Guo M, Yan XP, Qian HL, Ma P, Zhao J, Wang F, Huang Y, Liu T. Cicada-Wing-Inspired Highly Sensitive Tactile Sensors Based on Elastic Carbon Foam with Nanotextured Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15976-15985. [PMID: 36917498 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electronic devices with tactile and pressure-sensing capabilities are becoming increasingly popular in the automatic industry, human motion/health monitoring, and artificial intelligence applications. Inspired by the natural nanotopography of the cicada wing, we propose here a straightforward strategy to fabricate a highly sensitive tactile sensor through nanotexturing of erected polyaniline (PANI) nanoneedles on a conductive and elastic three-dimensional (3D) carbon skeleton. The robust and compressible carbon networks offer a resilient and conducting matrix to catering complex scenarios; the biomimetic PANI nanoneedles firmly and densely anchored on a 3D carbon skeleton provide intimate electrical contact under subtle deformation. As a result, a piezoresistive tactile sensor with ultrahigh sensitivity (33.52 kPa-1), fast response/recovery abilities (97/111 ms), and reproducible sensing performance (2500 cycles) is developed, which is capable of distinguishing motions in a wide pressure range from 4.66 Pa to 60 kPa, detecting spatial pressure distribution, and monitoring various gestures in a wireless manner. These excellent performances demonstrate the great potential of nature-inspired tactile sensors for practical human motion monitoring and artificial intelligence applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Minhao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hai-Long Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Piming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Jiangsu Huaxicun Co. Ltd., Jiangyin, 214420, China
| | | | - Yunpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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7
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Xie L, Zhang Z, Wu Q, Gao Z, Mi G, Wang R, Sun HB, Zhao Y, Du Y. Intelligent wearable devices based on nanomaterials and nanostructures for healthcare. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:405-433. [PMID: 36519286 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04551f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging classes of flexible electronic sensors as alternatives to conventional rigid sensors offer a powerful set of capabilities for detecting and quantifying physiological and physical signals from human skin in personal healthcare. Unfortunately, the practical applications and commercialization of flexible sensors are generally limited by certain unsatisfactory aspects of their performance, such as biocompatibility, low sensing range, power supply, or single sensory function. This review intends to provide up-to-date literature on wearable devices for smart healthcare. A systematic review is provided, from sensors based on nanomaterials and nanostructures, algorithms, to multifunctional integrated devices with stretchability, self-powered performance, and biocompatibility. Typical electromechanical sensors are investigated with a specific focus on the strategies for constructing high-performance sensors based on nanomaterials and nanostructures. Then, the review emphasizes the importance of tailoring the fabrication techniques in order to improve stretchability, biocompatibility, and self-powered performance. The construction of wearable devices with high integration, high performance, and multi-functionalization for multiparameter healthcare is discussed in depth. Integrating wearable devices with appropriate machine learning algorithms is summarized. After interpretation of the algorithms, intelligent predictions are produced to give instructions or predictions for smart implementations. It is desired that this review will offer guidance for future excellence in flexible wearable sensing technologies and provide insight into commercial wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Qiushuo Wu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Zhuxuan Gao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Gaotian Mi
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Renqiao Wang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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8
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Wu S, Li H, Futaba DN, Chen G, Chen C, Zhou K, Zhang Q, Li M, Ye Z, Xu M. Structural Design and Fabrication of Multifunctional Nanocarbon Materials for Extreme Environmental Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201046. [PMID: 35560664 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extreme environments represent numerous harsh environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, corrosion, and radiation. The tolerance of applications in extreme environments exemplifies significant challenges to both materials and their structures. Given the superior mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and chemical stability of nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, they are widely investigated as base materials for extreme environmental applications and have shown numerous breakthroughs in the fields of wide-temperature structural-material construction, low-temperature energy storage, underwater sensing, and electronics operated at high temperatures. Here, the critical aspects of structural design and fabrication of nanocarbon materials for extreme environments are reviewed, including a description of the underlying mechanism supporting the performance of nanocarbon materials against extreme environments, the principles of structural design of nanocarbon materials for the optimization of extreme environmental performances, and the fabrication processes developed for the realization of specific extreme environmental applications. Finally, perspectives on how CNTs and graphene can further contribute to the development of extreme environmental applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huajian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Guohai Chen
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kechen Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qifan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zonglin Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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9
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Liu R, Chen K, Liu H, Liu Y, Cong R, Guo J, Tian Y. High Performance Conductive Hydrogel for Strain Sensing Applications and Digital Image Mapping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51341-51350. [PMID: 36327991 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogel strain sensor can successfully transform its deformation into resistance changes, offering novel options for the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). However, it remains challenging to prepare hydrogel sensors with superior performance (e.g., high conductivity). Here, we produced a conductive hydrogel (named PPC hydrogel) utilizing only three components, PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)), PAAS (polyacrylate sodium), and CaCl2, through freezing cross-linking and ion chelation. The PPC hydrogel is endowed with high electrical conductivity of approximately 5.2 S/m without the addition of highly conductive materials due to the unique ionic cluster mesh structure, thus enabling an outstanding performance of strain sensing. The PPC hydrogel also maintains electrical conductivity in frozen and underwater conditions and resists swelling in underwater environments, allowing it to be used under water for extended periods of time (more than 15 days). The PPC hydrogel-based strain sensor can be used as a flexible electrode for electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) examinations and sensitively monitor human activity as well as recognize handwriting. Moreover, we designed a python-based visualization program combined with a PPC hydrogel array to implement pressure-sensing digital image mapping for remote IoT monitoring. As a flexible sensor for biosafety, the PPC hydrogel has potential applications in the field of intelligent sensing, the IoT, and even Internet of Body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yiying Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Rong Cong
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan 528300, China
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10
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Hu G, Huang F, Tang C, Gu J, Yu Z, Zhao Y. High-Performance Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Printed with 3D Microstructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193417. [PMID: 36234544 PMCID: PMC9565629 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have been widely used in health detection, robot sensing, and shape recognition. The micro-engineered design of the intermediate dielectric layer (IDL) has proven to be an effective way to optimize the performance of flexible pressure sensors. Nevertheless, the performance development of flexible pressure sensors is limited due to cost and process difficulty, prepared by inverted mold lithography. In this work, microstructured arrays printed by aerosol printing act as the IDL of the sensor. It is a facile way to prepare flexible pressure sensors with high performance, simplified processes, and reduced cost. Simultaneously, the effects of microstructure size, PDMS/MWCNTs film, microstructure height, and distance between the microstructures on the sensitivity and response time of the sensor are studied. When the microstructure size, height, and distance are 250 µm, 50 µm, and 400 µm, respectively, the sensor shows a sensitivity of 0.172 kPa-1 with a response time of 98.2 ms and a relaxation time of 111.4 ms. Studies have proven that the microstructured dielectric layer printed by aerosol printing could replace the inverted mold technology. Additionally, applications of the designed sensor are tested, such as the finger pressing test, elbow bending test, and human squatting test, which show good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Hu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 341000, China
| | - Fengli Huang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 341000, China
| | - Chengli Tang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 341000, China
| | - Jinmei Gu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 341000, China
| | - Zhiheng Yu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 341000, China
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11
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Meng K, Xiao X, Wei W, Chen G, Nashalian A, Shen S, Xiao X, Chen J. Wearable Pressure Sensors for Pulse Wave Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109357. [PMID: 35044014 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. The rapid development of flexible sensing technologies and wearable pressure sensors have attracted keen research interest and have been widely used for long-term and real-time cardiovascular status monitoring. Owing to compelling characteristics, including light weight, wearing comfort, and high sensitivity to pulse pressures, physiological pulse waveforms can be precisely and continuously monitored by flexible pressure sensors for wearable health monitoring. Herein, an overview of wearable pressure sensors for human pulse wave monitoring is presented, with a focus on the transduction mechanism, microengineering structures, and related applications in pulse wave monitoring and cardiovascular condition assessment. The conceptualizations and methods for the acquisition of physiological and pathological information related to the cardiovascular system are outlined. The biomechanics of arterial pulse waves and the working mechanism of various wearable pressure sensors, including triboelectric, piezoelectric, magnetoelastic, piezoresistive, capacitive, and optical sensors, are also subject to systematic debate. Exemple applications of pulse wave measurement based on microengineering structured devices are then summarized. Finally, a discussion of the opportunities and challenges that wearable pressure sensors face, as well as their potential as a wearable intelligent system for personalized healthcare is given in conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Meng
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Health Status Identification and Function Enhancement, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Wenxin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Ardo Nashalian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Sophia Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
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12
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Xu D, Duan L, Yan S, Wang Y, Cao K, Wang W, Xu H, Wang Y, Hu L, Gao L. Monolayer MoS2-Based Flexible and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor with Wide Sensing Range. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050660. [PMID: 35630127 PMCID: PMC9146476 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors play an important role in flexible robotics, human-machine interaction (HMI), and human physiological information. However, most of the reported flexible pressure sensors suffer from a highly nonlinear response and a significant decrease in sensitivity at high pressures. Herein, we propose a flexible novel iontronic pressure sensor based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Based on the unique structure and the excellent mechanical properties as well as the large intercalation capacitance of MoS2, the prepared sensor holds an ultra-high sensitivity (Smax = 89.75 kPa−1) and a wide sensing range (722.2 kPa). Further, the response time and relaxation time of the flexible sensor are only 3 ms, respectively, indicating that the device can respond to external pressure rapidly. In addition, it shows long-term cycling stability (over 5000 cycles with almost no degradation) at a high pressure of 138.9 kPa. Finally, it is demonstrated that the sensor can be used in physiological information monitoring and flexible robotics. It is anticipated that our prepared sensor provide a reliable approach to advance the theory and practicality of the flexible sensor electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Ling Duan
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Suyun Yan
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710171, China;
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (W.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi’an 710071, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (W.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Hongcheng Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Liangwei Hu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Libo Gao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (W.W.); (L.G.)
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13
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Chen KY, Xu YT, Zhao Y, Li JK, Wang XP, Qu LT. Recent progress in graphene-based wearable piezoresistive sensors: From 1D to 3D device geometries. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Zhao Y, Shen T, Zhang M, Yin R, Zheng Y, Liu H, Sun H, Liu C, Shen C. Advancing the pressure sensing performance of conductive CNT/PDMS composite film by constructing a hierarchical-structured surface. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Zhao XF, Wen XH, Zhong SL, Liu MY, Liu YH, Yu XB, Ma RG, Zhang DW, Wang JC, Lu HL. Hollow MXene Sphere-Based Flexible E-Skin for Multiplex Tactile Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45924-45934. [PMID: 34520164 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin-like electronics that can provide comprehensively tactile sensing is required for applications such as soft robotics, health monitoring, medical treatment, and human-machine interfaces. In particular, the capacity to monitor the contact parameters such as the magnitude, direction, and contact location of external forces is crucial for skin-like tactile sensing devices. Herein, a flexible electronic skin which can measure and discriminate the contact parameters in real time is designed. It is fabricated by integrating the three-dimensional (3D) hollow MXene spheres/Ag NW hybrid nanocomposite-based embedded stretchable electrodes and T-ZnOw/PDMS film-based capacitive pressure sensors. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first stretchable electrode to utilize the 3D hollow MXene spheres with the essential characteristic, which can effectively avoid the drawbacks of stress concentration and shedding of the conductive layer. The strain-resistance module and the pressure-capacitance module show the excellent sensing performance in stability and response time, respectively. Moreover, a 6 × 6 sensor array is used as a demonstration to prove that it can realize the multiplex detection of random external force stimuli without mutual interference, illustrating its potential applications in biomimetic soft wearable devices, object recognition, and robotic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shu-Lin Zhong
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meng-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue-Bin Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ru-Guang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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16
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Gao Y, Liu D, Xie Y, Song Y, Zhu E, Shi Z, Yang Q, Xiong C. Flexible and sensitive piezoresistive electronic skin based on
TOCN
/
PPy
hydrogel films. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Gao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dongning Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yiheng Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Enwen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhuqun Shi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Quanling Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chuanxi Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
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17
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Sun P, Wu D, Liu C. High-sensitivity tactile sensor based on Ti 2C-PDMS sponge for wireless human-computer interaction. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:295506. [PMID: 33827054 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf59e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous attention has been paid to high-performance flexible tactile sensors owing to their potential applications in bionic skin, wearable electronics, the Internet of Things, etc.However, the majority of pressure sensors require an intricately designed nanostructure requiring a high-cost complex manufacturing process. Therefore, the high-throughput and low-cost technology to produce high-sensitivity, flexible, pressure-sensitive materials with a large responding range is urgently needed. Herein, a novel flexible piezoresistive tactile sensor is fabricated based on the Ti2C-PDMS sponge as the conductive elastomer. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 279 kPa-1in a wide pressure range (0-34.4 kPa). The response time is as fast as 0.45 s with excellent durability over 4,000 cycles. Moreover, a 16-pixel wireless sensor system is fabricated and a series of applications have been demonstrated, including real-time force perception and pressure morphology feedback, which promote the potential applications in the visualizing of pressure distribution, human-machine communication and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab. of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
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18
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Vu CC, Kim SJ, Kim J. Flexible wearable sensors - an update in view of touch-sensing. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:26-36. [PMID: 33854405 PMCID: PMC8018418 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1862629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, much of user interface is based on touch and the touch sensors have been common for displays, Internet of things (IoT) projects, or robotics. They can be found in lamps, touch screens of smartphones, or other wide arrays of applications as well. However, the conventional touch sensors, fabricated from rigid materials, are bulky, inflexible, hard, and hard-to-wear devices. The current IoT trend has made these touch sensors increasingly important when it added in the skin or clothing to affect different aspects of human life flexibly and comfortably. The paper provides an overview of the recent developments in this field. We discuss exciting advances in materials, fabrications, enhancements, and applications of flexible wearable sensors under view of touch-sensing. Therein, the review describes the theoretical principles of touch sensors, including resistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric types. Following that, the conventional and novel materials, as well as manufacturing technologies of flexible sensors are considered to. Especially, this review highlights the multidisciplinary approaches such as e-skins, e-textiles, e-healthcare, and e-control of flexible touch sensors. Finally, we summarize the challenges and opportunities that use is key to widespread development and adoption for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Cuong Vu
- Department of Organic Materials and Fibers Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Organic Materials and Fibers Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyong Kim
- Department of Organic Materials and Fibers Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Zhao XF, Wen XH, Sun P, Zeng C, Liu MY, Yang F, Bi H, Li D, Ma RG, Wang JC, Yu XB, Zhang DW, Lu HL. Spider Web-like Flexible Tactile Sensor for Pressure-Strain Simultaneous Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10428-10436. [PMID: 33591176 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiparameter integrated sensors are required for the next generation of flexible wearable electronics. However, mutual interference between detected signals is a technical bottleneck for a flexible tactile sensor to realize pressure-strain monitoring simultaneously and sensitively. Herein, a flexible dual-parameter pressure-strain sensor based on the three-dimensional (3D) tubular graphene sponge (TGS) and spider web-like stretchable electrodes is designed and fabricated. As the pressure-sensitive module, the unique 3D-TGS with an uninterrupted network of tubular graphene and high graphitic degree demonstrates great robust compressibility, supporting compression to ∼20% without shape collapse. The spider web-like stretchable electrodes as the strain-sensitive module are fabricated by a spray-embedded process based on the hierarchical multiscale hybrid nanocomposite of Ag nanowires (NWs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with an optimal mass ratio. By comparing the output signals of spider web-like flexible electrodes, the magnitude and direction of the applied force can be effectively monitored simultaneously. Moreover, the potential applications of the flexible dual-parameter pressure-strain device in human-machine interaction are also explored, showing great promise in artificial intelligence and wearable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meng-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ru-Guang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xue-Bin Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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20
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Qu P, Lv C, Qi Y, Bai L, Zheng J. A Highly Stretchable, Self-Healing Elastomer with Rate Sensing Capability Based on a Dynamic Dual Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9043-9052. [PMID: 33566569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensing materials have attracted tremendous attention in recent years because of their potential applications in the fields of health monitoring, artificial intelligence, and so on. However, the preparation of rate sensing materials with self-healing performance is always a huge challenge. Herein, we first report the design and synthesis of a highly stretchable, recyclable, self-healing polysiloxane elastomer with rate sensing capability. The elastomer is composed of a dynamic dual network with boron/oxygen dative bonds and hydrogen bonds, which overcomes the structural instability of conventional solid-liquid materials. It exhibits certain adhesion, satisfactory mechanical robustness, and superior elongation at break (up to 1171%). After heating treatment at 80 °C for 2-4 h, the mechanical properties of damaged materials can be almost completely restored. Because of the "solid-liquid" property of the elastomer, it has irreplaceable functions which can sense different rates by resistance change after blending with multiwalled carbon nanotubes, principally in the range of 10 mm/min-150 mm/min. Especially, this rate sensing elastomer can be personalized by 3D printing at room temperature. This rate sensing strategy coupled with the introduction of dynamic dual-network structure is expected to help design advanced wearable devices for human rhythmic movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Qu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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21
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Xu H, Gao L, Zhao H, Huang H, Wang Y, Chen G, Qin Y, Zhao N, Xu D, Duan L, Li X, Li S, Luo Z, Wang W, Lu Y. Stretchable and anti-impact iontronic pressure sensor with an ultrabroad linear range for biophysical monitoring and deep learning-aided knee rehabilitation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:92. [PMID: 34804586 PMCID: PMC8599697 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring biophysical signals such as body or organ movements and other physical phenomena is necessary for patient rehabilitation. However, stretchable flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and a broad range that can meet these requirements are still lacking. Herein, we successfully monitored various vital biophysical features and implemented in-sensor dynamic deep learning for knee rehabilitation using an ultrabroad linear range and high-sensitivity stretchable iontronic pressure sensor (SIPS). We optimized the topological structure and material composition of the electrode to build a fully stretching on-skin sensor. The high sensitivity (12.43 kPa-1), ultrabroad linear sensing range (1 MPa), high pressure resolution (6.4 Pa), long-term durability (no decay after 12000 cycles), and excellent stretchability (up to 20%) allow the sensor to maintain operating stability, even in emergency cases with a high sudden impact force (near 1 MPa) applied to the sensor. As a practical demonstration, the SIPS can positively track biophysical signals such as pulse waves, muscle movements, and plantar pressure. Importantly, with the help of a neuro-inspired fully convolutional network algorithm, the SIPS can accurately predict knee joint postures for better rehabilitation after orthopedic surgery. Our SIPS has potential as a promising candidate for wearable electronics and artificial intelligent medical engineering owing to its unique high signal-to-noise ratio and ultrabroad linear range. An ultrabroad-linear range (1 MPa) iontronic pressure sensor with superior sensitivity (12.43 kPa-1) and stretchability (up to 20%) was proposed for biophysical monitoring and deep learning-based knee-rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057 China
| | - Libo Gao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057 China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Hanlin Huang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057 China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
| | - Yuxin Qin
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
| | - Ningjuan Zhao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
| | - Dandan Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
| | - Ling Duan
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
| | - Siyu Li
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
| | - Zhongbao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057 China
| | - Yang Lu
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong
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22
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Shit A, Heo SB, In I, Park SY. Mineralized Soft and Elastic Polymer Dot Hydrogel for a Flexible Self-Powered Electronic Skin Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34105-34114. [PMID: 32613826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose an integrated, self-powered, flexible electronic skin device containing an alginate-derived polymer dot (A-PD)-incorporated mineralized hydrogel-based energy storage unit and a chitosan-derived n-type carbon dot (N-CD)-based solar cell for an energy-harvesting unit. This study demonstrates a unique architecture of mineralized hydrogel comprising A-PD-incorporated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/CaCO3/laponite containing soft and sensitive layers, deposited with a polyaniline electrode to serve as an energy storage unit. The self-assembly was achieved through the ionic cross-linking between A-PD and PAA driven by the mineralization process, resulting in excellent dimensional stability and improved mechanical properties of the hydrogel. The sp2 carbon-rich A-PD enhances the electrochemical performance and the overall photon-to-electrical conversion and storage efficiency for self-powered devices by the formation of the bridge of electrons between the ionized polymer and metal ion. The capacitive sensor developed in this study exhibits high sensitivity in detecting small pressure changes, such as the falling of small water droplets. The self-powered sensing device can detect and monitor various human motions continuously by harvesting light energy from outdoor sunlight. Furthermore, the energy-autonomous device exhibits unique responses for handwriting characters stably and repeatedly. The proposed system may be applicable to human-machine interfaces, biomonitoring systems, secure communication, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Shit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Beom Heo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Insik In
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
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Bai L, Lei Y, Huang H, Xiang Y. Neuron-Inspired Self-Healing Composites via Dynamic Construction of Polypyrrole-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes for Smart Physiochemical Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33139-33151. [PMID: 32584533 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking human skin's functions to develop intelligent materials have inspired extensive exploration in the design and synthesis of a novel device. However, how to simulate neuron function and integrate highly sensitive, positive perceptions and self-healing into one single material remains a challenge. Here, we prepared a recycled polyurethane (PU) with high tensile strength values (11.37 ± 0.03 MPa), high maximum elongation (1130 ± 11.59%), and high self-healing property (100% for 6 h at 25 °C) and a smart PU composite of polypyrrole-decorated carbon nanotubes with higher sensitivity. The smart composite can not only actively identify physical change such as strain, moisture, and temperature but also proactively detect various chemical environment changes such as acid, alkali, oxidant, and reductant (T: 25-90 °C, ΔR/R0 values were 0.1-1.6; strain: 10-150%, ΔR/R0 values were 2.5-27; 0.01-0.1 mol L-1 oxidant solutions, ΔR/R0 values were 0.66-0.75; 0.01-0.1 mol L-1 reductant solutions, ΔR/R0 values were 0.51-0.65; 0.1-0.5 mol L-1 acid solutions, ΔR/R0 values were 0.54-0.58; and 0.1-0.5 mol L-1 alkali solutions, ΔR/R0 values were 0.42-0.46). More importantly, the signal values of the smart composite can quickly return to the initial values after eliminating physical and chemical stimuli. The abovementioned features of the smart composite, the high physicochemical response, and significant restorability make it potentially possible to apply it in intelligent chemical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - YongLin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Yao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
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Chen D, Liu Z, Li Y, Sun D, Liu X, Pang J, Liu H, Zhou W. Unsymmetrical Alveolate PMMA/MWCNT Film as a Piezoresistive E-Skin with Four-Dimensional Resolution and Application for Detecting Motion Direction and Airflow Rate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30896-30904. [PMID: 32515937 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and piezoresistive electronic skins (E-skins) with high spatial resolution are highly desired in artificial intelligence and human-machine interactions. In this study, a simple method is developed to pattern a piezoresistive layer using lithography, which can realize real-time tactile sensing and spatial resolution. The piezoresistive layer with a honeycomb hole array based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was fabricated using a reverse mold with a ZnO nanorod array. The device exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 88 kPa-1 in the low-pressure regime (<10 kPa) and a fast response time of 110 ms owing to the conductive honeycomb structure. The E-skin-based PMMA/MWCNT honeycomb array film can be applied to monitor bending and vibration by changing the contact area of the hole walls. A 4 × 4 piezoresistive matrix was fabricated by lithography for a 16-pixel tactile-sensing E-skin, which realizes a four-dimensional resolution including the space and time resolutions of pressure points. In addition, by using the unsymmetrical structure of an alveolate PMMA/MWCNT film, the detection of direction and velocity for the movement and gas flow were realized. The obtained piezoresistive and unsymmetrical tactile sensor realized a four-dimensional resolution, including a three-dimensional space and a fourth dimension of timeline, which enables future applications of human-machine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Dehui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Pang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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