1
|
Bi X, Yao M, Huang Z, Wang Z, Shen H, Wong CP, Jiang C. Biomimetic Electronic Skin Based on a Stretchable Ionogel Mechanoreceptor Composed of Crumpled Conductive Rubber Electrodes for Synchronous Strain, Pressure, and Temperature Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38592053 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) is showing a huge potential in human-computer interaction, intelligent robots, human health, motion monitoring, etc. However, it is still challenging for e-skin to realize distinguishable detection of stretching strain, vertical pressure, and temperature through a simple noncoupling structure design. Here, a stretchable multimodal biomimetic e-skin was fabricated by integrating layer-by-layer self-assembled crumpled reduced graphene oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes film on natural rubber (RGO/MWCNTs@NR) as stretchable conductive electrodes and polyacrylamide/NaCl ionogel as a dielectric layer into an ionotropic capacitive mechanoreceptor. Unlike natural skin receptors, the sandwich-like stretchable ionogel mechanoreceptor possessed a distinct ionotropic capacitive behavior for strain and pressure detection. The results showed that the biomimetic e-skin displayed a negative capacitance change with superior stretchability (0-300%) and a high gauge factor of 0.27 in 180-300% strain, while exhibiting a normal positive piezo-capacitance behavior in vertical pressure range of 0-15 kPa with a maximal sensitivity of 1.759 kPa-1. Based on this feature, the biomimetic e-skin showed an excellent synchronous detection capability of planar strain and vertical pressure in practical wearable applications such as gesture recognition and grasping movement detection without a complicated mathematical or signal decoupling process. In addition, the biomimetic e-skin exhibited a quantifiable linear responsiveness to temperature from 20-90 °C with a temperature coefficient of 0.55%/°C. These intriguing properties gave the biomimetic e-skin the ability to perform a complete function similar to natural skin but beyond its performance for future wearable devices and artificial intelligence devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Bi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Manzhao Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhaoyan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zuhao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Can Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Self-powered biofuel cells (BFCs) have evolved for highly sensitive detection of biomarkers such as noncodon micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in the presence of interfering substrates. Self-charging supercapacitive BFCs for in vivo and in vitro cellular microenvironments represent the most prevalent sensing mechanism for diagnosis. Therefore, self-powered biosensing (SPB) with a capacitor and contact separation with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) offers electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode detection via improved electrical signal intensity. In this review, we discuss three major components: stretchable self-powered BFC design, miRNA sensing, and impedance spectroscopy. A specific focus is given to 1) assembling of sensors for biomarkers, 2) electrical output signal intensification, and 3) role of supercapacitors and nanogenerators in SPBs. We outline the key features of stretchable SPBs and the sequence of miRNA sensing by SPBs. We have emphasized the need of a supercapacitor and nanogenerator for SPBs in the context of advanced assembly of the sensing unit. Finally, we outline the role of impedance spectroscopy in the detection and estimation of biomarkers. We highlight key challenges in SPBs for biomarker sensing, which needs improved sensing accuracy, integration strategies of electrochemical biosensing for in vitro and in vivo microenvironments, and the impact of miRNA sensing on cancer diagnostics. This article attempts a specific focus on the accuracy and limitations of sensing unit for miRNA biomarkers and associated tool for boosting electrical signal intensity for a potential big step further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Yadav
- Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Patil
- Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saikat Dutta
- Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hou S, Chen H, Lv D, Li W, Liu X, Zhang Q, Yu X, Han Y. Highly Conductive Inkjet-Printed PEDOT:PSS Film under Cyclic Stretching. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37272808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inkjet-printed conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS films have provided a new developing direction for realizing the stretchable transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices. However, their conductivity and stretchability are limited as the presence of insulating PSS chains, rigid PEDOT conjugated backbone, and stronger inter-chain interactions in the pristine polymer, respectively. Here, we report a PEDOT:PSS film with preferable electrical and mechanical performances by inkjet-printing the formulated printable ink containing PEDOT:PSS, formamide (FA), d-sorbitol (SOR), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBSS), and ethylene glycol (EG). The inkjet-printed uniform PEDOT:PSS film exhibits a high conductivity of 1050 S/cm and sheet resistance of less than 145 Ω/sq on both rigid and flexible substrates. Moreover, the resistance can remain stable after 200 cycles of stretching at 55% strain. The film also presents good stability during repetitive stretching-releasing cycles. The significantly enhanced conductivity of the film lies on the conformational transition of the backbone by secondary doping and post-treatment with FA as well as removing the excess PSS components after phase separation between PEDOT and PSS. Meanwhile, SOR serves as a plasticizer to break the original hydrogen bonds between PSSH chains and provides larger free volume for polymer chain extension, which gives the PEDOT:PSS film the ability to tolerant cyclic tension. This is one of the optimal performances currently reported for inkjet-printed stretchable PEDOT:PSS films. The inkjet-printed PEDOT:PSS film with high conductivity, stretching properties, as well as good biocompatibility exhibits promising prospects as anodes on optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saiyin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Haiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Dong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xuelei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han S, Kim K, Lee SY, Moon S, Lee JY. Stretchable Electrodes Based on Over-Layered Liquid Metal Networks. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2210112. [PMID: 36623476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metals are attractive materials for stretchable electronics owing to their high electrical conductivity and near-zero Young's modulus. However, the high surface tension of liquid metals makes it difficult to form films. A novel stretchable film is proposed based on an over-layered liquid-metal network. An intentionally oxidized interfacial layer helps to construct uninterrupted indium and gallium nanoclusters and produces additional electrical pathways between the two metal networks under mechanical deformation. The films exhibit gigantic negative piezoresistivity (G-NPR), which decreased the resistance up to 85% during the first 50% stretching. This G-NPR property is due to the rupture of the metal oxides, which allows the formation of liquid eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) and the connection of the over-layered networks to build new electrical paths. The electrodes exhibiting G-NPR are complementarily combined with conventional electrodes to amplify their performance or achieve some unique operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungseok Han
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeon Lee
- Information and Electronics Research Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Moon
- Information and Electronics Research Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gong X, Chu Z, Li G, Tan Y, Dong Q, Hu T, Zhao Z, Jiang Z. Efficient Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube-Based Stretchable Electrodes for Flexible Electronic Devices. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200795. [PMID: 36482873 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electrodes are highly demanded in various wearable and flexible electronic devices, whereas the efficient fabrication approach is still a challenge. In this work, an efficient shrinking method to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT)-based stretchable electrodes is proposed. The electrode is a layer of anisotropic CNT wrinkling film coated on a latex balloon substrate (CNT@latex), whose resistivity remains stable after 25 000 stretching cycles of 0 to 50% tensile strain, and can survive up to 500% tensile train. The highly conductive electrode can be used as the current collector of a stretchable Zinc-ion battery, maintaining an output voltage of 1.3 V during the stretching process of 0 to 100%. The applications of the electrode in flexible triboelectric nanogenerators and Joule heating devices are also demonstrated, further indicating their good prospects in the field of stretchable electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Gong
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Zengyong Chu
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Guochen Li
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Yinlong Tan
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Qichao Dong
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Tianjiao Hu
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Zhenkai Zhao
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, Wu Y, Zhu B, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Sun D, Lin L, Wu D. Self-Patterning of Highly Stretchable and Electrically Conductive Liquid Metal Conductors by Direct-Write Super-Hydrophilic Laser-Induced Graphene and Electroless Copper Plating. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:4713-4723. [PMID: 36623166 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electrodes are desirable in flexible electronics for the transmission and acquisition of electrical signals, but their fabrication process remains challenging. Herein, we report an approach based on patterned liquid metals (LMs) as stretchable electrodes using a super-hydrophilic laser-induced graphene (SHL-LIG) process with electroless plating copper on a polyimide (PI) film. The LMs/SHL-LIG structures are then transferred from the PI film to an Ecoflex substrate as stretchable electrodes with an ultralow sheet resistance of 3.54 mΩ per square and excellent stretchability up to 480% in elongation. Furthermore, these electrodes show outstanding performances of only 8% electrical resistance changes under a tensile strain of 300%, and strong immunity to temperature and pressure changes. As demonstration examples, these electrodes are integrated with a stretchable strain sensing system and a smart magnetic soft robot toward practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen518057, China
| | - Yigen Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen518057, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen518057, China
| | - Qixiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen518057, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen518057, China
| | - Zhenjin Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen518057, China
| | - Daoheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
| | - Liwei Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Praveen S, Kim T, Jung SP, Lee CW. 3D-Printed Silicone Substrates as Highly Deformable Electrodes for Stretchable Li-Ion Batteries. Small 2023; 19:e2205817. [PMID: 36408809 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable energy storage devices receive a considerable attention at present due to their growing demand for powering wearable electronics. A vital component in stretchable energy storage devices is its electrode which should endure a large and repeated number of mechanical deformations during its prolonged use. It is crucial to develop a technology to fabricate highly deformable electrode in an easy and an economic manner. Here, the fabrication of stretchable electrode substrates using 3D-printing technology is reported. The ink for fabricating it contains a mixture of sacrificial sugar particles and polydimethylsiloxane resin which solidifies upon thermal curing. The printed stretchable substrate attains a porous structure after leaching the sugar particles in water. The resulting printed porous stretchable substrates are then utilized as electrodes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) after loading them with electrode materials. The batteries with stretchable electrodes exhibit a decent electrochemical performance comparable to that of the conventional electrodes. The stretchable electrodes also exhibit a stable electrochemical performance under various mechanical deformations and even after several hundreds of stretch/release cycles. This work provides a feasible route for constructing LIBs with high stretchability and enhanced electrochemical performance thereby providing a platform for realizing stretchable batteries for next generation wearable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Praveen
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, South Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, South Korea
| | - Soon Phil Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, South Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, South Korea
- Center for the SMART Energy Platform, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma B, Zhang J, Chen G, Chen Y, Xu C, Lei L, Liu H. Shape-Programmable Liquid Metal Fibers. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 13:bios13010028. [PMID: 36671863 PMCID: PMC9856024 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Conductive and stretchable fibers are the cornerstone of intelligent textiles and imperceptible electronics. Among existing fiber conductors, gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) featuring high conductivity, fluidity, and self-healing are excellent candidates for highly stretchable fibers with sensing, actuation, power generation, and interconnection functionalities. However, current LM fibers fabricated by direct injection or surface coating have a limitation in shape programmability. This hinders their applications in functional fibers with tunable electromechanical response and miniaturization. Here, we reported a simple and efficient method to create shape-programmable LM fibers using the phase transition of gallium. Gallium metal wires in the solid state can be easily shaped into a 3D helical structure, and the structure can be preserved after coating the wire with polyurethane and liquifying the metal. The 3D helical LM fiber offered enhanced stretchability with a high breaking strain of 1273% and showed invariable conductance over 283% strain. Moreover, we can reduce the fiber diameter by stretching the fiber during the solidification of polyurethane. We also demonstrated applications of the programmed fibers in self-powered strain sensing, heart rate monitoring, airflow, and humidity sensing. This work provided simple and facile ways toward functional LM fibers, which may facilitate the broad applications of LM fibers in e-skins, wearable computation, soft robots, and smart fabrics.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Q, Ji X, Liu X, Liu Y, Liang J. Viscoelastic Metal-in-Water Emulsion Gel via Host-Guest Bridging for Printed and Strain-Activated Stretchable Electrodes. ACS Nano 2022; 16:12677-12685. [PMID: 35926219 PMCID: PMC9413406 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conductive electrodes that can be made by printing technology with high resolution is desired for preparing wearable electronics. Printable inks composed of liquid metals are ideal candidates for these applications, but their practical applications are limited by their low stability, poor printability, and low conductivity. Here, thixotropic metal-in-water (M/W) emulsion gels (MWEGs) were designed and developed by stabilizing and bridging liquid metal droplets (LMDs) via a host-guest polymer. In the MWEGs, the hydrophilic main chain of the host-guest polymers emulsified and stabilized LMDs via coordination bonds. The grafted cyclodextrin and adamantane groups formed dynamic inclusion complexes to bridge two neighboring LMDs, leading to the formation of a dynamically cross-linked network of LMDs in the aqueous phase. The MWEGs exhibited viscoelastic and shear-thinning behavior, making them ideal for direct three-dimensional (3D) and screen printing with a high resolution (∼65 μm) to assemble complex patterns consisting of ∼95 wt % liquid metal. When stretching the printed patterns, strong host-guest interactions guaranteed that the entire droplet network was cross-linked, while the brittle oxide shell of the droplets ruptured, releasing the liquid metal core and allowing it to fuse into continuous conductive pathways under an ultralow critical strain (<1.5%). This strain-activated conductivity exceeded 15800 S/cm under a large strain of 800% and exhibited long-term cyclic stability and robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced
Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced
Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced
Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced
Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- College
of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced
Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry and
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao XF, Wen XH, Zhong SL, Liu MY, Liu YH, Yu XB, Ma RG, Zhang DW, Wang JC, Lu HL. Hollow MXene Sphere-Based Flexible E-Skin for Multiplex Tactile Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:45924-45934. [PMID: 34520164 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin-like electronics that can provide comprehensively tactile sensing is required for applications such as soft robotics, health monitoring, medical treatment, and human-machine interfaces. In particular, the capacity to monitor the contact parameters such as the magnitude, direction, and contact location of external forces is crucial for skin-like tactile sensing devices. Herein, a flexible electronic skin which can measure and discriminate the contact parameters in real time is designed. It is fabricated by integrating the three-dimensional (3D) hollow MXene spheres/Ag NW hybrid nanocomposite-based embedded stretchable electrodes and T-ZnOw/PDMS film-based capacitive pressure sensors. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first stretchable electrode to utilize the 3D hollow MXene spheres with the essential characteristic, which can effectively avoid the drawbacks of stress concentration and shedding of the conductive layer. The strain-resistance module and the pressure-capacitance module show the excellent sensing performance in stability and response time, respectively. Moreover, a 6 × 6 sensor array is used as a demonstration to prove that it can realize the multiplex detection of random external force stimuli without mutual interference, illustrating its potential applications in biomimetic soft wearable devices, object recognition, and robotic manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shu-Lin Zhong
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meng-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue-Bin Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ru-Guang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takaya M, Matsuda R, Inamori G, Kamoto U, Isoda Y, Tachibana D, Nakamura F, Fuchiwaki O, Okubo Y, Ota H. Transformable Electrocardiograph Using Robust Liquid-Solid Heteroconnector. ACS Sens 2021; 6:212-219. [PMID: 33395271 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a highly transformable electrocardiograph that can considerably deform the position of stretchable electrodes based on the lead method for diagnosing heart disease was developed; these electrodes exhibited high resistance stability against considerable stretching and multiple stretching. To realize the large deformable functionality of the electrodes of a system, liquid metal electrodes and a heteroconnector composed of a liquid metal paste and carbon-based conductive rubber were employed. The developed device can achieve a 200% strain with only 6% resistance change and a high stability of resistances after the 100-time stretching test. In addition, the study demonstrated electrocardiograms in different lead methods of adult and child using the same device. The proposed combination of large deformable electrodes with high electric stability and a robust heteroconnector is an important technology, and it presents a considerable advancement in the application of stretchable electronic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maika Takaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Go Inamori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Umihiro Kamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Isoda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Daiki Tachibana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Fumika Nakamura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ohmi Fuchiwaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of System Integration, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okubo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety and Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of System Integration, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Electrochemical sensing based on conventional rigid electrodes has great restrictions for characterizing biomolecules in deformed cells or soft tissues. The recent emergence of stretchable sensors allows electrodes to conformally contact to curved surfaces and perfectly comply with the deformation of living cells and tissues. This provides a powerful strategy to monitor biomolecules from mechanically deformed cells, tissues, and organisms in real time, and opens up new opportunities to explore the mechanotransduction process. In this minireview, we first summarize the fabrication of stretchable electrodes with emphasis on the nanomaterial-enabled strategies. We then describe representative applications of stretchable sensors in the real-time monitoring of mechanically sensitive cells and tissues. Finally, we present the future possibilities and challenges of stretchable electrochemical sensing in cell, tissue, and in vivo detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahmood M, Kwon S, Berkmen GK, Kim YS, Scorr L, Jinnah HA, Yeo WH. Soft Nanomembrane Sensors and Flexible Hybrid Bioelectronics for Wireless Quantification of Blepharospasm. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3094-3100. [PMID: 32091988 PMCID: PMC7604814 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2975773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blepharospasm (BL) is characterized by involuntary closures of the eyelids due to spasms of the orbicularis oculi muscle. The gold standard for clinical evaluation of BL involves visual inspection for manual rating scales. This approach is highly subjective and error prone. Unfortunately, there are currently no simple quantitative systems for accurate and objective diagnostics of BL. Here, we introduce a soft, flexible hybrid bioelectronic system that offers highly conformal, gentle lamination on the skin, while enabling wireless, quantitative detection of electrophysiological signals. Computational and experimental studies of soft materials and flexible mechanics provide a set of key fundamental design factors for a low-profile bioelectronic system. The nanomembrane soft electrodes, mounted around the eyes, are capable of accurately measuring clinical symptoms, including the frequency of blinking, the duration of eye closures during spasms, as well as combinations of blinking and spasms. The use of a deep-learning, convolutional neural network, with the bioelectronics offers objective, real-time classification of key pathological features in BL. The wearable bioelectronics outperform the conventional manual clinical rating, as shown by a pilot study with 13 patients. In vivo demonstration of the bioelectronics with these patients indicates the device as an easy-to-use solution for objective quantification of BL.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fang Y, Li Y, Wang X, Zhou Z, Zhang K, Zhou J, Hu B. Cryo-Transferred Ultrathin and Stretchable Epidermal Electrodes. Small 2020; 16:e2000450. [PMID: 32529803 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple cryo-transfer method to fabricate ultrathin, stretchable, and conformal epidermal electrodes based on a combination of silver nanowires (AgNWs) network and elastomeric polymers is developed. This method can temporarily enable the soft elastomers with much higher elastic modulus and dimensional contraction through exploiting their glass-transition behaviors. During this process, a much higher Von Mises stress can be loaded on AgNWs than usual, and the generated strong grip force can facilitate the complete transfer of AgNWs. Afterward, the thawed AgNWs and elastomer composites quickly recover to their soft state at room temperature. The obtained ultrathin and soft electrode with a thickness of 8.4 µm and transmittance of 90.8% at a sheet resistance of 13.2 Ω sq-1 can tolerate a stretching strain of 70% and 50 000 repeated bending cycles, which meets rigorous requirements of epidermal applications. The as-prepared epidermal electrodes are effective and comfortable for electrophysiological signal monitoring, and while showing excellent performance exceeding the commercialized gel electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Fang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yue Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhengui Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yoon J, An Y, Hong SB, Myung JH, Sun JY, Yu WR. Fabrication of a Highly Stretchable, Wrinkle-Free Electrode with Switchable Transparency Using a Free-Standing Silver Nanofiber Network and Shape Memory Polymer Substrate. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000129. [PMID: 32346943 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Transparent and stretchable electrodes (TSEs) are a key technology for the next generation of stretchable electronics and optoelectronics. Metallic nanofibers are widely used because of their good optoelectrical properties, but they demonstrate low stretchability. To enhance stretchability, fabricating in-plane buckled nanofibers with the aid of a prestrained substrate has become crucial in this research field. Here, a composite comprising shape memory polymer-TSE (SMP-TSE) using crosslinked polycyclooctene as a substrate, which shows wrinkle-free deformation and switchable optical transparency, is fabricated. Because of its considerable elongation without residual strain and the shape memory behavior of polycyclooctene, in-plane buckled nanofibers are formed effectively. For fabrication of SMP-TSE, continuous and thin metallic nanofiber that can maintain its structural integrity is required; therefore, electrospinning and an ultraviolet reduction process to create a free-standing, conductive, nanofiber network are used. Because of its in-plane buckled nanofibers, the electrode maintained its resistance during 3000 cycles of a bending test and 900 cycles of a tensile test. Furthermore, SMP-TSE is able to electrically control its temperature, optical transparency, elastic modulus, and shape memory behavior. Finally, the use of SMP-TSE in a smart display that can control its optical and mechanical properties is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsan An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Bin Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Myung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Ryeol Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou Y, Maleski K, Anasori B, Thostenson JO, Pang Y, Feng Y, Zeng K, Parker CB, Zauscher S, Gogotsi Y, Glass JT, Cao C. Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Electrodes for Stretchable Supercapacitors. ACS Nano 2020; 14:3576-3586. [PMID: 32049485 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of stretchable electronics requires the invention of compatible high-performance power sources, such as stretchable supercapacitors and batteries. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene is being explored for flexible and printed energy storage devices by fabrication of a robust, stretchable high-performance supercapacitor with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to create a composite electrode. The Ti3C2Tx/RGO composite electrode combines the superior electrochemical and mechanical properties of Ti3C2Tx and the mechanical robustness of RGO resulting from strong nanosheet interactions, larger nanoflake size, and mechanical flexibility. It is found that the Ti3C2Tx/RGO composite electrodes with 50 wt % RGO incorporated prove to mitigate cracks generated under large strains. The composite electrodes exhibit a large capacitance of 49 mF/cm2 (∼490 F/cm3 and ∼140 F/g) and good electrochemical and mechanical stability when subjected to cyclic uniaxial (300%) or biaxial (200% × 200%) strains. The as-assembled symmetric supercapacitor demonstrates a specific capacitance of 18.6 mF/cm2 (∼90 F/cm3 and ∼29 F/g) and a stretchability of up to 300%. The developed approach offers an alternative strategy to fabricate stretchable MXene-based energy storage devices and can be extended to other members of the large MXene family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kathleen Maleski
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Babak Anasori
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James O Thostenson
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yaokun Pang
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Yaying Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kexin Zeng
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Charles B Parker
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jeffrey T Glass
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Changyong Cao
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gilshteyn EP, Romanov SA, Kopylova DS, Savostyanov GV, Anisimov AS, Glukhova OE, Nasibulin AG. Mechanically Tunable Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films as a Universal Material for Transparent and Stretchable Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:27327-27334. [PMID: 31266298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft, flexible, and stretchable electronic devices provide novel integration opportunities for wearable and implantable technologies. Despite the existing efforts to endow electronics with the capability of large deformation, the main technological challenge is still in the absence of suitable materials for the manufacturing of stretchable electronic circuits and devices with active (sensitive) and passive (stable) components. Here, we present a universal material, based on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films deposited on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, which can act as a material being both sensitive and insensitive to strain. The diverse performance of SWCNT/PDMS structures was achieved by two simple dry-transfer fabrication approaches: SWCNT film deposition onto the as-prepared PDMS and on the prestretched PDMS surface. The correlation between applied strain, microstructural evolution, and electro-optical properties is discussed on the basis of both experimental and computational results. The SWCNT/PDMS material with the mechanically tunable performance has a small relative resistance change from 0.05 to 0.07, while being stretched from 10 to 40% (stable electrode applications). A high sensitivity of 20.1 of the SWCNT/PDMS structures at a 100% strain was achieved (strain sensing applications). Our SWCNT/PDMS structures have superior transparency and conductivity compared to the ones reported previously, including the SWCNT/PDMS structures, obtained by wet processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia P Gilshteyn
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials , Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street, 3 , Moscow 121205 , Russia
| | - Stepan A Romanov
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials , Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street, 3 , Moscow 121205 , Russia
| | - Daria S Kopylova
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials , Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street, 3 , Moscow 121205 , Russia
| | - Georgy V Savostyanov
- Department of Physics , Saratov State University , 83 Astrakhanskaya Street , Saratov 410012 , Russia
| | | | - Olga E Glukhova
- Department of Physics , Saratov State University , 83 Astrakhanskaya Street , Saratov 410012 , Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials , Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street, 3 , Moscow 121205 , Russia
- Aalto Universit y, Aalto FI-00076 , Espoo , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim J, Lee SW, Kim MH, Park OO. Zigzag-Shaped Silver Nanoplates: Synthesis via Ostwald Ripening and Their Application in Highly Sensitive Strain Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:39134-39143. [PMID: 30346121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zigzag-shaped Ag nanoplates display unique anisotropic planar structures with unusual jagged edges and relatively large lateral dimensions. These characteristics make such nanoplates promising candidates for metal inks in printed electronics, which can be used for realizing stretchable electrodes. In the current work, we used a one-pot coordination-based synthetic strategy to synthesize zigzag-shaped Ag nanoplates. In the synthetic procedure, cyanuric acid was used both as a ligand of the Ag+ ion, hence producing complex structures and controlling the kinetics of the reduction of the cation, and as a capping agent that promoted the lateral growth of the Ag nanoplates. Hence, cyanuric acid played a crucial role in the formation of zigzag-shaped nanoplates. In contrast to previous studies that reported oriented attachment to be the predominant mechanism responsible for the growth of zigzag-shaped nanoplates, Ostwald ripening was the dominant growth mechanism in the current work. Our findings on the particle morphology and crystalline structure of the Ag nanoplates motivated us to use them as conductive materials for stretchable strain sensors. Strain sensors based on nanocomposites of our zigzag-shaped Ag nanoplate and polydimethylsiloxane in the form of a sandwich structure were successfully produced by following a simple, low-cost, and solution-processable method. The strain sensors exhibited extremely high sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 2000), high stretchability with a linear response (≈27%), and high reliability, all of which allowed the sensor to monitor diverse human motions, including joint movement and phonation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, Busan 48547 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK 21+ Graduate Program) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ho Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, Busan 48547 , Republic of Korea
| | - O Ok Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK 21+ Graduate Program) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qi D, Liu Z, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Leow WR, Pal M, Pan S, Yang H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yu J, Li B, Yu Z, Wang W, Chen X. Highly Stretchable, Compliant, Polymeric Microelectrode Arrays for In Vivo Electrophysiological Interfacing. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1702800. [PMID: 28869690 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are emerging as a new generation of biointegrated microelectrodes to transduce original electrochemical signals in living tissues to external electrical circuits, and vice versa. So far, the challenge of stretchable polymeric MEAs lies in the competition between high stretchability and good electrode-substrate adhesion. The larger the stretchability, the easier the delamination of electrodes from the substrate due to the mismatch in their Young's modulus. In this work, polypyrrole (PPy) electrode materials are designed, with PPy nanowires integrated on the high conductive PPy electrode arrays. By utilizing this electrode material, for the first time, stretchable polymeric MEAs are fabricated with both high stretchability (≈100%) and good electrode-substrate adhesion (1.9 MPa). In addition, low Young's modulus (450 kPa), excellent recycling stability (10 000 cycles of stretch), and high conductivity of the MEAs are also achieved. As a proof of concept, the as-prepared polymeric MEAs are successfully used for conformally recording the electrocorticograph signals from rats in normal and epileptic states, respectively. Further, these polymeric MEAs are also successful in stimulating the ischiadic nerve of the rat. This strategy provides a new perspective to the highly stretchable and mechanically stable polymeric MEAs, which are vital for compliant neural electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mayank Pal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shaowu Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiancan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Yu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu Z, Wang X, Qi D, Xu C, Yu J, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Liedberg B, Chen X. High-Adhesion Stretchable Electrodes Based on Nanopile Interlocking. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1603382. [PMID: 27809367 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High-adhesion stretchable electrodes are fabricated by utilizing a novel nanopile interlocking strategy. Nanopiles significantly enhance adhesion and redistribute the strain in the film, achieving high stretchability. The nanopile electrodes enable simultaneous monitoring of electromyography signals and mechanical deformations. This study opens up a new perspective of achieving stretchability and high adhesion for stretchable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Cai Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiancan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yaqing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou C, Bette S, Schnakenberg U. Flexible and Stretchable Gold Microstructures on Extra Soft Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Substrates. Adv Mater 2015; 27:6664-9. [PMID: 26414621 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable gold microstructures are reliably transferred onto an extra-soft elastomeric substrate. Several major challenges, including failure-free transfer and reliable bonding with the substrate, are addressed. The simple and reproducible fabrication allows extensive study and optimization of the stretchability of meanders in terms of thickness, geometry, and substrate. The results provide new insights for designing stretchable electronics and novel routes for stretchrelated, mechanobiological cell-interface applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bette
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schnakenberg
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|