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Hao MS, Mazurkewich S, Li H, Kvammen A, Saha S, Koskela S, Inman AR, Nakajima M, Tanaka N, Nakai H, Brändén G, Bulone V, Larsbrink J, McKee LS. Structural and biochemical analysis of family 92 carbohydrate-binding modules uncovers multivalent binding to β-glucans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3429. [PMID: 38653764 PMCID: PMC11039641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are non-catalytic proteins found appended to carbohydrate-active enzymes. Soil and marine bacteria secrete such enzymes to scavenge nutrition, and they often use CBMs to improve reaction rates and retention of released sugars. Here we present a structural and functional analysis of the recently established CBM family 92. All proteins analysed bind preferentially to β-1,6-glucans. This contrasts with the diversity of predicted substrates among the enzymes attached to CBM92 domains. We present crystal structures for two proteins, and confirm by mutagenesis that tryptophan residues permit ligand binding at three distinct functional binding sites on each protein. Multivalent CBM families are uncommon, so the establishment and structural characterisation of CBM92 enriches the classification database and will facilitate functional prediction in future projects. We propose that CBM92 proteins may cross-link polysaccharides in nature, and might have use in novel strategies for enzyme immobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shu Hao
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Scott Mazurkewich
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - He Li
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alma Kvammen
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Srijani Saha
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Salla Koskela
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annie R Inman
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Nobukiyo Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Gisela Brändén
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park Campus, Sturt Road, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren S McKee
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hodge EA, Chatterjee A, Chen C, Naika GS, Laohajaratsang M, Mangala Prasad V, Lee KK. An HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody overcomes structural and dynamic variation through highly focused epitope targeting. NPJ VIRUSES 2023; 1:2. [PMID: 38665238 PMCID: PMC11041648 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-023-00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The existence of broadly cross-reactive antibodies that can neutralize diverse HIV-1 isolates (bnAbs) has been appreciated for more than a decade. Many high-resolution structures of bnAbs, typically with one or two well-characterized HIV-1 Env glycoprotein trimers, have been reported. However, an understanding of how such antibodies grapple with variability in their antigenic targets across diverse viral isolates has remained elusive. To achieve such an understanding requires first characterizing the extent of structural and antigenic variation embodied in Env, and then identifying how a bnAb overcomes that variation at a structural level. Here, using hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and quantitative measurements of antibody binding kinetics, we show that variation in structural ordering in the V1/V2 apex of Env across a globally representative panel of HIV-1 isolates has a marked effect on antibody association rates and affinities. We also report cryo-EM reconstructions of the apex-targeting PGT145 bnAb bound to two divergent Env that exhibit different degrees of structural dynamics throughout the trimer structures. Parallel HDX-MS experiments demonstrate that PGT145 bnAb has an exquisitely focused footprint at the trimer apex where binding did not yield allosteric changes throughout the rest of the structure. These results demonstrate that structural dynamics are a cryptic determinant of antigenicity, and mature antibodies that have achieved breadth and potency in some cases are able to achieve their broad cross-reactivity by "threading the needle" and binding in a highly focused fashion, thus evading and overcoming the variable properties found in Env from divergent isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A. Hodge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Ananya Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012 India
| | - Chengbo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Biological Physics, Structure and Design Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Gajendra S. Naika
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Mint Laohajaratsang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Vidya Mangala Prasad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012 India
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012 India
| | - Kelly K. Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Biological Physics, Structure and Design Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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3
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Colin P, Ringe RP, Yasmeen A, Ozorowski G, Ketas TJ, Lee WH, Ward AB, Moore JP, Klasse PJ. Conformational antigenic heterogeneity as a cause of the persistent fraction in HIV-1 neutralization. Retrovirology 2023; 20:9. [PMID: 37244989 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-023-00624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against HIV-1 acquisition in animal models and show promise in treatment of infection. They act by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), thereby blocking its receptor interactions and fusogenic function. The potency of neutralization is largely determined by affinity. Less well explained is the persistent fraction, the plateau of remaining infectivity at the highest antibody concentrations. RESULTS We observed different persistent fractions for neutralization of pseudovirus derived from two Tier-2 isolates of HIV-1, BG505 (Clade A) and B41 (Clade B): it was pronounced for B41 but not BG505 neutralization by NAb PGT151, directed to the interface between the outer and transmembrane subunits of Env, and negligible for either virus by NAb PGT145 to an apical epitope. Autologous neutralization by poly- and monoclonal NAbs from rabbits immunized with soluble native-like B41 trimer also left substantial persistent fractions. These NAbs largely target a cluster of epitopes lining a hole in the dense glycan shield of Env around residue 289. We partially depleted B41-virion populations by incubating them with PGT145- or PGT151-conjugated beads. Each depletion reduced the sensitivity to the depleting NAb and enhanced it to the other. Autologous neutralization by the rabbit NAbs was decreased for PGT145-depleted and enhanced for PGT151-depleted B41 pseudovirus. Those changes in sensitivity encompassed both potency and the persistent fraction. We then compared soluble native-like BG505 and B41 Env trimers affinity-purified by each of three NAbs: 2G12, PGT145, or PGT151. Surface plasmon resonance showed differences among the fractions in antigenicity, including kinetics and stoichiometry, congruently with the differential neutralization. The large persistent fraction after PGT151 neutralization of B41 was attributable to low stoichiometry, which we explained structurally by clashes that the conformational plasticity of B41 Env causes. CONCLUSION Distinct antigenic forms even of clonal HIV-1 Env, detectable among soluble native-like trimer molecules, are distributed over virions and may profoundly mold neutralization of certain isolates by certain NAbs. Affinity purifications with some antibodies may yield immunogens that preferentially expose epitopes for broadly active NAbs, shielding less cross-reactive ones. NAbs reactive with multiple conformers will together reduce the persistent fraction after passive and active immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Colin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 62 , New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Infinity, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rajesh P Ringe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 62 , New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Virology Unit, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anila Yasmeen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 62 , New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Consortium for HIV Vaccine 14 Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas J Ketas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 62 , New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Consortium for HIV Vaccine 14 Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Consortium for HIV Vaccine 14 Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 62 , New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - P J Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 62 , New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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4
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Colin P, Ringe RP, Yasmeen A, Ozorowski G, Ketas TJ, Lee WH, Ward AB, Moore JP, Klasse P. Conformational antigenic heterogeneity as a cause of the persistent fraction in HIV-1 neutralization. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2613503. [PMID: 36865101 PMCID: PMC9980222 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2613503/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against HIV-1 acquisition in animal models and show promise in treatment of infection. They act by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), thereby blocking its receptor interactions and fusogenic function. The potency of neutralization is largely determined by affinity. Less well explained is the persistent fraction, the plateau of remaining infectivity at the highest antibody concentrations. Results We observed different persistent fractions for NAb neutralization of pseudovirus derived from two Tier-2 isolates of HIV-1, BG505 (Clade A) and B41 (Clade B): it was pronounced for B41 but not BG505 neutralization by NAb PGT151, directed to the interface between the outer and transmembrane subunits of Env, but negligible for either virus by NAb PGT145 to an apical epitope. Autologous neutralization by poly- and monoclonal NAbs from rabbits immunized with soluble native-like B41 trimer also left substantial persistent fractions. These NAbs largely target a cluster of epitopes in a hole in the dense glycan shield of Env around residue 289. We partially depleted B41-virion populations by incubating them with PGT145- or PGT151-conjugated beads. Each depletion reduced the sensitivity to the depleting NAb and enhanced it to the other. Autologous neutralization by the rabbit NAbs was reduced for PGT145-depleted and enhanced for PGT151-depleted B41 pseudovirus. Those changes in sensitivity encompassed both potency and the persistent fraction. We then compared soluble native-like BG505 and B41 Env trimers affinity-purified by one of three NAbs: 2G12, PGT145, or PGT151. Surface plasmon resonance showed differences among the fractions in antigenicity, including kinetics and stoichiometry, congruently with the differential neutralization. The large persistent fraction after PGT151 neutralization of B41 was attributable to low stoichiometry, which we explained structurally by the conformational plasticity of B41 Env. Conclusion Distinct antigenic forms even of clonal HIV-1 Env, detectable among soluble native-like trimer molecules, are distributed over virions and may profoundly mold neutralization of certain isolates by certain NAbs. Affinity purifications with some antibodies may yield immunogens that preferentially expose epitopes for broadly active NAbs, while shielding less cross-reactive ones. NAbs reactive with multiple conformers will together reduce the persistent fraction after passive and active immunization.
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5
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Teschers CS, Gilmour R. Fluorine-Directed Automated Mannoside Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213304. [PMID: 36331042 PMCID: PMC10108063 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Automated glycan assembly (AGA) on solid support has become invaluable in reconciling the biological importance of complex carbohydrates with the persistent challenges associated with reproducible synthesis. Whilst AGA platforms have transformed the construction of many natural sugars, validation in the construction of well-defined (site-selectively modified) glycomimetics is in its infancy. Motivated by the importance of fluorination in drug discovery, the biomedical prominence of 2-fluoro sugars and the remarkable selectivities observed in fluorine-directed glycosylation, fluorine-directed automated glycan assembly (FDAGA) is disclosed. This strategy leverages the fluorine atom for stereocontrolled glycosylation on solid support, thereby eliminating the reliance on O-based directing groups. The logical design of C2-fluorinated mannose building blocks, and their application in the fully (α-)stereocontrolled automated assembly of linear and branched fluorinated oligomannosides, is disclosed. This operationally simple strategy can be integrated into existing AGA and post-AGA protocols to augment the scope of programmed carbohydrate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S Teschers
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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6
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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7
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Neralkar M, Xu B, Horiya S, Krauss IJ. Large-Scale Synthesis of Man 9GlcNAc 2 High-Mannose Glycan and the Effect of the Glycan Core on Multivalent Recognition by HIV Antibody 2G12. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2232-2241. [PMID: 36278940 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Access to homogeneous high-mannose glycans in high-mg quantities is necessary for carbohydrate-based HIV vaccine development research. We have used directed evolution to design highly antigenic oligomannose clusters that are recognized in low-nM affinity by HIV antibodies. Herein we report an optimized large-scale synthesis of Man9GlcNAc2 including improved building block synthesis and a fully stereoselective 5 + 6 coupling, yielding 290 mg of glycan. We then use this glycan to study the effect of the GlcNAc2 core on the antigenicity of an evolved 2G12-binding glycopeptide, 10F2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Neralkar
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bokai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Satoru Horiya
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Isaac J Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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8
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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9
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Donahue TC, Zong G, O'Brien NA, Ou C, Gildersleeve JC, Wang LX. Synthesis and Immunological Study of N-Glycan-Bacteriophage Qβ Conjugates Reveal Dominant Antibody Responses to the Conserved Chitobiose Core. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1350-1362. [PMID: 35687881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-Glycosylation plays an important role in many biological recognition processes. However, very few N-glycan-specific antibodies are available for functional studies and potentially for therapeutic development. In this study, we sought to synthesize bacteriophage Qβ conjugates with representative N-glycans and investigate their immunogenicity for raising N-glycan-specific antibodies. An array of Qβ glycoconjugates bearing five different human N-glycans and two different chemical linkers were synthesized, and the immunization of the N-glycan-Qβ conjugates was performed in mice. We found that the N-glycan-Qβ conjugates raised significant IgG antibodies that recognize N-glycans, but, surprisingly, most of the glycan-dependent antibodies were directed to the shared chitobiose core and were nonspecific for respective N-glycan structures. The linker chemistry was found to affect antibody specificity with adipic acid-linked N-glycan-Qβ immunogens raising antibodies capable of recognizing both the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties of the chitobiose core. In contrast, antibodies raised by N-glycan-Qβ immunogens with a triazole linker preferentially recognized the innermost N-acetylglucosamine moiety at the reducing end. We also found that sialylation of the N-glycans significantly suppressed the immune response. Furthermore, the N-glycan-Qβ immunogens with an adipic acid linker elicited higher glycan-specific antibody titers than the N-glycan-triazole-Qβ immunogens. These findings delineate several challenges in eliciting mammalian N-glycan-specific antibodies through the conventional glycoconjugate vaccine design and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Donahue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Nicholas A O'Brien
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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10
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Sette A, Saphire EO. Inducing broad-based immunity against viruses with pandemic potential. Immunity 2022; 55:738-748. [PMID: 35545026 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The brutal toll of another viral pandemic can be blunted by investing now in research that uncovers mechanisms of broad-based immunity so we may have vaccines and therapeutics at the ready. We do not know exactly what pathogen may trigger the next wave or next pandemic. We do know, however, that the human immune system must respond and must be bolstered with effective vaccines and other therapeutics to preserve lives and livelihoods. These countermeasures must focus on features conserved among families of pathogens in order to be responsive against something yet to emerge. Here, we focus on immunological approaches to mitigate the impact of the next emerging virus pandemic by developing vaccines that elicit both broadly protective antibodies and T cells. Identifying human immune mechanisms of broad protection against virus families with pandemic potential will be our best defense for humanity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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11
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Liu CC, Huo CX, Zhai C, Zheng XJ, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Pentamannose-Based HIV-1 Vaccine Candidates. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:807-820. [PMID: 35470665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dense glycosylation and the trimeric conformation of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein limit the accessibility of some cellular glycan processing enzymes and end up with high-mannose-type N-linked glycans on the envelope spike, among which the Man5GlcNAc2 structure occupies a certain proportion. The Man5GlcNAc2 glycan composes the binding sites of some potent broadly neutralizing antibodies, and some lectins that can bind Man5GlcNAc2 show HIV-neutralizing activity. Therefore, Man5GlcNAc2 is a potential target for HIV-1 vaccine development. Herein, a highly convergent and effective strategy was developed for the synthesis of Man5 and its monofluoro-modified, trifluoro-modified, and S-linked analogues. We coupled these haptens to carrier protein CRM197 and evaluated the immunogenicity of the glycoconjugates in mice. The serological assays showed that the native Man5 conjugates failed to induce Man5-specific antibodies in vivo, while the modified analogue conjugates induced stronger antibody responses. However, these antibodies could not bind the native gp120 antigen. These results demonstrated that the immune tolerance mechanism suppressed the immune responses to Man5-related structures and the conformation of glycan epitopes on the synthesized glycoconjugates was distinct from that of native glycan epitopes on gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Canjia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Polyak D, Krauss IJ. An Optimized Synthesis of Fmoc-l-Homopropargylglycine-OH. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3841-3844. [PMID: 35133817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient multigram synthesis of alkynyl amino acid Fmoc-l-homopropargylglycine-OH is described. A double Boc protection is optimized for high material throughput, and the key Seyferth-Gilbert homologation is optimized to avoid racemization. Eighteen grams of the enantiopure (>98% ee) noncanonical amino acid was readily generated for use in solid phase synthesis to make peptides that can be functionalized by copper-assisted alkyne-azide cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polyak
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, MS 015, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Isaac J Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, MS 015, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
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13
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Deimel LP, Xue X, Sattentau QJ. Glycans in HIV-1 vaccine design – engaging the shield. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:866-881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Gaye MM, Ward CM, Piasecki AJ, Stahl VL, Karagianni A, Costello CE, Ravid K. Characterization of Glycoproteoforms of Integrins α2 and β1 in Megakaryocytes in the Occurrence of JAK2V617F Mutation-Induced Primary Myelofibrosis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100213. [PMID: 35182768 PMCID: PMC8968581 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a neoplasm prone to leukemic transformation, for which limited treatment is available. Among individuals diagnosed with PMF, the most prevalent mutation is the JAK2V617F somatic point mutation that activates the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) enzyme. Our earlier reports on hyperactivity of β1 integrin and enhanced adhesion activity of the α2β1 complex in JAK2V617F megakaryocytes (MKs) led us to examine the new hypothesis that this mutation leads to posttranslational modification via changes in glycosylation. Samples were derived from immunoprecipitation of MKs obtained from Vav1-hJAK2V617F and WT mice. Immunoprecipitated fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed using LC-MS/MS techniques in a bottom-up glycoproteomics workflow. In the immunoprecipitate, glycopeptiforms corresponding to 11 out of the 12 potential N-glycosylation sites of integrin β1 and to all nine potential glycosylation sites of integrin α2 were observed. Glycopeptiforms were compared across WT and JAK2V617F phenotypes for both integrins. The overall trend observed is that JAK2V617F mutation in PMF MKs leads to changes in β1 glycosylation; in most cases, it results in an increase in the integrated area of glycopeptiforms. We also observed that in mutated MKs, changes in integrin α2 glycosylation were more substantial than those observed for integrin β1 glycosylation, a finding that suggests that altered integrin α2 glycosylation may also affect activation. Additionally, the identification of proteins associated to the cytoskeleton that were co-immunoprecipitated with integrins α2 and β1 demonstrated the potential of the methodology employed in this study to provide some insight, at the peptide level, into the consequences of integrin activation in MKs. The extensive and detailed glycosylation patterns we uncovered provide a basis for future functional studies of each site in control cells as compared to JAK2V617F-mutated cells. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maissa M. Gaye
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina M. Ward
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J. Piasecki
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vanessa L. Stahl
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aikaterini Karagianni
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,For correspondence: Catherine E. Costello; Katya Ravid
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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15
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Revealing functional significance of interleukin‐2 glycoproteoforms enabled by expressed serine ligation. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Zhang Y, Zheng S, Zhao W, Mao Y, Cao W, Zeng W, Liu Y, Hu L, Gong M, Cheng J, Chen Y, Yang H. Sequential Analysis of the N/O-Glycosylation of Heavily Glycosylated HIV-1 gp120 Using EThcD-sceHCD-MS/MS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:755568. [PMID: 34745128 PMCID: PMC8567067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the glycosylation of the viral envelope (Env) glycoprotein is critical for evaluating viral escape from the host’s immune response and developing vaccines and antiviral drugs. However, it is still challenging to precisely decode the site-specific glycosylation characteristics of the highly glycosylated Env proteins, although glycoproteomics have made significant advances in mass spectrometry techniques and data analysis tools. Here, we present a hybrid dissociation technique, EThcD-sceHCD, by combining electron transfer/higher-energy collisional dissociation (EThcD) and stepped collision energy/higher-energy collisional dissociation (sceHCD) into a sequential glycoproteomic workflow. Following this scheme, we characterized site-specific N/O-glycosylation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env protein gp120. The EThcD-sceHCD method increased the number of identified glycopeptides when compared with EThcD, while producing more comprehensive fragment ions than sceHCD for site-specific glycosylation analysis, especially for accurate O-glycosite assignment. Finally, eighteen N-glycosites and five O-glycosites with attached glycans were assigned unambiguously from heavily glycosylated gp120. These results indicate that our workflow can achieve improved performance for analysis of the N/O-glycosylation of a highly glycosylated protein containing numerous potential glycosites in one process. Knowledge of the glycosylation landscape of the Env glycoprotein will be useful for understanding of HIV-1 infection and development of vaccines and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institutes for Systems Genetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pathology in Clinical Application, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institutes for Systems Genetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghong Mao
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Cao
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institutes for Systems Genetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjuan Zeng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institutes for Systems Genetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqiu Liu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institutes for Systems Genetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institutes for Systems Genetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Gong
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institutes for Systems Genetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pathology in Clinical Application, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institutes for Systems Genetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Younan Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institutes for Systems Genetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institutes for Systems Genetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pathology in Clinical Application, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Shivatare SS, Rachel Cheng TJ, Cheng YY, Shivatare VS, Tsai TI, Chuang HY, Wu CY, Wong CH. Immunogenicity Evaluation of N-Glycans Recognized by HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2016-2025. [PMID: 34649433 PMCID: PMC8526942 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the improved treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is available, the development of an effective and safe prophylactic vaccine against HIV-1 is still an unrealized goal. Encouragingly, the discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) from HIV-1 positive patients that are capable of neutralizing a broad spectrum of HIV-1 isolates of various clades has accelerated the progress of vaccine development in the past few years. Some of these bNAbs recognize the N-glycans on the viral surface gp120 glycoprotein. We have been interested in using the glycan epitopes recognized by bNAbs for the development of vaccines to elicit bNAb-like antibodies with broadly neutralizing activities. Toward this goal, we have identified novel hybrid-type structures with subnanomolar avidity toward several bNAbs including PG16, PGT121, PGT128-3C, 2G12, VRC13, VRC-PG05, VRC26.25, VRC26.09, PGDM1400, 35O22, and 10-1074. Here, we report the immunogenicity evaluation of a novel hybrid glycan conjugated to carrier DTCRM197, a nontoxic mutant of the diphtheria toxin, for immunization in mice. Our results indicated that the IgG response was mainly against the chitobiose motif with nonspecific binding to a panel of N-glycans with reducing end GlcNAc-GlcNAc (chitobiose) printed on the glass slides. However, the IgM response was mainly toward the reducing end GlcNAc moiety. We further used the glycoconjugates of Man3GlcNAc2, Man5GlcNAc2, and Man9GlcNAc2 glycans for immunization, and a similar specificity pattern was observed. These findings suggest that the immunogenicity of chitobiose may interfere with the outcome of N-glycan-based vaccines, and modification may be necessary to increase the immunogenicity of the entire N-glycan epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S. Shivatare
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ting-Jen Rachel Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Vidya S. Shivatare
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Hong-Yang Chuang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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18
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Coff L, Abrahams JL, Collett S, Power C, Nowak BF, Kolarich D, Bott NJ, Ramsland PA. Profiling the glycome of Cardicola forsteri, a blood fluke parasitic to bluefin tuna. Int J Parasitol 2021; 52:1-12. [PMID: 34391752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infections by blood flukes (Cardicola spp.) are considered the most significant health issue for ranched bluefin tuna, a major aquaculture industry in Japan and Australia. The host-parasite interfaces of trematodes, namely their teguments, are particularly rich in carbohydrates, which function both in evasion and modulation of the host immune system, while some are primary antigenic targets. In this study, histochemistry and mass spectrometry techniques were used to profile the glycans of Cardicola forsteri. Fluorescent lectin staining of adult flukes indicates the presence of oligomannose (Concanavalin A-reactive) and fucosylated (Pisum sativum agglutinin-reactive) N-glycans. Additionally, reactivity of succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (s-WGA) was localised to several internal organs of the digestive and monoecious reproductive systems. Glycan structures were further investigated with tandem mass spectrometry, which revealed structures indicated by lectin reactivity. While O-glycans from these adult specimens were not detectable by mass spectrometry, several oligomannose, paucimannosidic, and complex-type N-glycans were identified, including some carrying hexuronic acid and many carrying core xylose. This is, to our knowledge, the first glycomic characterisation of a marine platyhelminth, with broader implications for research into other trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Coff
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Jodie L Abrahams
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Simon Collett
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Cecilia Power
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Barbara F Nowak
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Nathan J Bott
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Paul A Ramsland
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
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19
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Kim Y, Hyun JY, Shin I. Multivalent glycans for biological and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10567-10593. [PMID: 34346405 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01606c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of glycans by proteins plays a crucial role in a variety of physiological processes in cells and living organisms. In addition, interactions of glycans with proteins are involved in the development of diverse diseases, such as pathogen infection, inflammation and tumor metastasis. It is well-known that multivalent glycans bind to proteins much more strongly than do their monomeric counterparts. Owing to this property, numerous multivalent glycans have been utilized to elucidate glycan-mediated biological processes and to discover glycan-based biomedical agents. In this review, we discuss recent advances (2014-2020) made in the development and biological and biomedical applications of synthetic multivalent glycans, including neoglycopeptides, neoglycoproteins, glycodendrimers, glycopolymers, glyconanoparticles and glycoliposomes. We hope this review assists researchers in the design and development of novel multivalent glycans with predictable activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Su L, Feng Y, Wei K, Xu X, Liu R, Chen G. Carbohydrate-Based Macromolecular Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10950-11029. [PMID: 34338501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into two categories: Carbohydrates as matter and carbohydrates as information. As matter, carbohydrates are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix of animals and cell walls of various plants, bacteria, fungi, etc., serving as scaffolds. Some commonly found polysaccharides are featured as biocompatible materials with controllable rigidity and functionality, forming polymeric biomaterials which are widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. As information, carbohydrates are usually referred to the glycans from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, which bind to proteins or other carbohydrates, thereby meditating the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. These glycans could be simplified as synthetic glycopolymers, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, which could be afforded through polymerization, multistep synthesis, or a semisynthetic strategy. The information role of carbohydrates can be demonstrated not only as targeting reagents but also as immune antigens and adjuvants. The latter are also included in this review as they are always in a macromolecular formulation. In this review, we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials since 2010 while emphasizing the fundamental understanding to guide the rational design of biomaterials. Carbohydrate-based macromolecules on the basis of their resources and chemical structures will be discussed, including naturally occurring polysaccharides, naturally derived synthetic polysaccharides, glycopolymers/glycodendrimers, supramolecular glycopolymers, and synthetic glycolipids/glycoproteins. Multiscale structure-function relationships in several major application areas, including delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunology, will be detailed. We hope this review will provide valuable information for the development of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials and build a bridge between the carbohydrates as matter and the carbohydrates as information to promote new biomaterial design in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Yingle Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Department of Materials meet Life, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Xuyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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21
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Anderluh M, Berti F, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Chiodo F, Colombo C, Compostella F, Durlik K, Ferhati X, Holmdahl R, Jovanovic D, Kaca W, Lay L, Marinovic-Cincovic M, Marradi M, Ozil M, Polito L, Reina JJ, Reis CA, Sackstein R, Silipo A, Švajger U, Vaněk O, Yamamoto F, Richichi B, van Vliet SJ. Recent advances on smart glycoconjugate vaccines in infections and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:4251-4303. [PMID: 33934527 PMCID: PMC9542079 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in biomedical research preventing death and morbidity in many infectious diseases through the induction of pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Currently, no effective vaccines are available for pathogens with a highly variable antigenic load, such as the human immunodeficiency virus or to induce cellular T-cell immunity in the fight against cancer. The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has reinforced the relevance of designing smart therapeutic vaccine modalities to ensure public health. Indeed, academic and private companies have ongoing joint efforts to develop novel vaccine prototypes for this virus. Many pathogens are covered by a dense glycan-coat, which form an attractive target for vaccine development. Moreover, many tumor types are characterized by altered glycosylation profiles that are known as "tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens". Unfortunately, glycans do not provoke a vigorous immune response and generally serve as T-cell-independent antigens, not eliciting protective immunoglobulin G responses nor inducing immunological memory. A close and continuous crosstalk between glycochemists and glycoimmunologists is essential for the successful development of efficient immune modulators. It is clear that this is a key point for the discovery of novel approaches, which could significantly improve our understanding of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in development of vaccines against glycan epitopes to gain selective immune responses and to provide an overview on the role of different immunogenic constructs in improving glycovaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Durlik
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Xhenti Ferhati
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wieslaw Kaca
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Marinovic-Cincovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Musa Ozil
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Laura Polito
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Milan, Italy
| | - Josè Juan Reina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.,Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Immunohematology & Glycobiology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Wang M, Chen W, Chen J, Yuan S, Hu J, Han B, Huang Y, Zhou W. Abnormal saccharides affecting cancer multi-drug resistance (MDR) and the reversal strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113487. [PMID: 33933752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, chemotherapy is the mainstay in the treatment of multiple cancers. However, highly adaptable and activated survival signaling pathways of cancer cells readily emerge after long exposure to chemotherapeutics drugs, resulting in multi-drug resistance (MDR) and treatment failure. Recently, growing evidences indicate that the molecular action mechanisms of cancer MDR are closely associated with abnormalities in saccharides. In this review, saccharides affecting cancer MDR development are elaborated and analyzed in terms of aberrant aerobic glycolysis and its related enzymes, abnormal glycan structures and their associated enzymes, and glycoproteins. The reversal strategies including depletion of ATP, circumventing the original MDR pathway, activation by or inhibition of sugar-related enzymes, combination therapy with traditional cytotoxic agents, and direct modification on the sugar moiety, are ultimately proposed. It follows that abnormal saccharides have a significant effect on cancer MDR development, providing a new perspective for overcoming MDR and improving the outcome of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Production Center, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95, Shaoshan Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 41007, China
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 483, Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510642, China
| | - Sisi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China; Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Yahui Huang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 483, Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510642, China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Neralkar M, Tian L, Redman RL, Krauss IJ. Synthesis of Mannosidase-Stable Man 3 and Man 4 Glycans Containing S-linked Manα1→2Man Termini. Org Lett 2021; 23:3053-3057. [PMID: 33793242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oligomannose glycans are of interest as HIV vaccine components, but they are subject to mannosidase degradation in vivo. Herein, we report the synthesis of oligosaccharides containing a thio linkage at the nonreducing end. A thio-linked dimannose donor participates in highly stereoselective glycosylations to afford trimannose and tetramannose fragments. Saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR) studies show that these glycans are recognized by HIV antibody 2G12, and we confirm that the reducing terminal S-linkage confers complete stability against x. manihotis mannosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Neralkar
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Leiming Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Richard L Redman
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Isaac J Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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24
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Bruxelle JF, Kirilenko T, Trattnig N, Yang Y, Cattin M, Kosma P, Pantophlet R. A glycoside analog of mammalian oligomannose formulated with a TLR4-stimulating adjuvant elicits HIV-1 cross-reactive antibodies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4637. [PMID: 33633304 PMCID: PMC7907241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of oligomannose-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) has spurred efforts to develop immunogens that can elicit similar antibodies. Here, we report on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of a CRM197-conjugate of a previously reported oligomannose mimetic. Oligomannose-specific bnAbs that are less dependent on interactions with the HIV envelope protein sequence showed strong binding to the glycoconjugates, with affinities approximating those reported for their cognate epitope. The glycoconjugate is also recognized by inferred germline precursors of oligomannose-specific bnAbs, albeit with the expected low avidity, supporting its potential as an immunogen. Immunization of human-antibody transgenic mice revealed that only a TLR4-stimulating adjuvant formulation resulted in antibodies able to bind a panel of recombinant HIV trimers. These antibodies bound at relatively modest levels, possibly explaining their inability to neutralize HIV infectivity. Nevertheless, these findings contribute further to understanding conditions for eliciting HIV-cross-reactive oligomannose-specific antibodies and inform on next steps for improving on the elicited response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bruxelle
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Tess Kirilenko
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada ,grid.479077.aPresent Address: AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Nino Trattnig
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Present Address: Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yiqiu Yang
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Matteo Cattin
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada ,grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
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25
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Yang C, Wu KB, Deng Y, Yuan J, Niu J. Geared Toward Applications: A Perspective on Functional Sequence-Controlled Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:243-257. [PMID: 34336395 PMCID: PMC8320758 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-controlled polymers are an emerging class of synthetic polymers with a regulated sequence of monomers. In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in the synthesis of polymers with the sophisticated sequence control approaching the level manifested in biopolymers. In contrast, the exploration of novel functions that can be achieved by controlling synthetic polymer sequences represents an emerging focus in polymer science. This Viewpoint will survey recent advances in the functional applications of sequence-controlled polymers and provide a perspective on the challenges and outlook for pursuing future applications of this fascinating class of macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangjie Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Kevin B. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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26
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Bastida I, Fernández-Tejada A. Synthetic carbohydrate-based HIV-1 vaccines. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 35-36:45-56. [PMID: 33388127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An effective prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is essential in order to contain the HIV/AIDS global pandemic. The discovery of different broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in the last decades has enabled the characterization of several minimal epitopes on the HIV envelope (Env) spike, including glycan-dependent fragments. Herein, we provide a brief overview of the progress made on the development of synthetic carbohydrate-based epitope mimics for the elicitation of bnAbs directed to certain regions on Env gp120 protein: the outer domain high-mannose cluster and the variable loops V1V2 and V3. We focus on the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of minimal immunogens and discuss key aspects towards the development of a successful protective vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Bastida
- Chemical Immunology Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48169 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48169 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 13, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
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27
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Wollenberg DTW, Pengelley S, Mouritsen JC, Suckau D, Jørgensen CI, Jørgensen TJD. Avoiding H/D Scrambling with Minimal Ion Transmission Loss for HDX-MS/MS-ETD Analysis on a High-Resolution Q-TOF Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7453-7461. [PMID: 32427467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange monitored by mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) enables the study of protein dynamics by measuring the time-resolved deuterium incorporation into a protein incubated in D2O. Using electron-based fragmentation in the gas phase it is possible to measure deuterium uptake at single-residue resolution. However, a prerequisite for this approach is that the solution-phase labeling is conserved in the gas phase prior to precursor fragmentation. It is therefore essential to reduce or even avoid intramolecular hydrogen/deuterium migration, which causes randomization of the deuterium labels along the peptide (hydrogen scrambling). Here, we describe an optimization strategy for reducing scrambling to a negligible level while minimizing the impact on sensitivity on a high-resolution Q-TOF equipped with ETD and an electrospray ionization interface consisting of a glass transfer capillary followed by a dual ion funnel. In our strategy we narrowed down the optimization to two accelerating potentials, and we defined the optimization of these in a simple rule by accounting for their interdependency in relation to scrambling and transmission efficiency. Using this rule, we were able to reduce scrambling from 75% to below 5% on average using the highly scrambling-sensitive quadruply charged P1 peptide scrambling probe resulting in a minor 33% transmission loss. To demonstrate the applicability of this approach, we probe the dynamics of certain regions in cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Weltz Wollenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M 5230, Denmark.,Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, Bagsværd 2280, Denmark
| | - Stuart Pengelley
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | | | - Detlev Suckau
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | | | - Thomas J D Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M 5230, Denmark
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28
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Bruxelle JF, Kirilenko T, Qureshi Q, Lu N, Trattnig N, Kosma P, Pantophlet R. Serum alpha-mannosidase as an additional barrier to eliciting oligomannose-specific HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7582. [PMID: 32371950 PMCID: PMC7200719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomannose-type glycans on HIV-1 gp120 form a patch that is targeted by several broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and that therefore is of interest to vaccine design. However, attempts to elicit similar oligomannose-specific bnAbs by immunizing with oligomannosidic glycoconjugates have only been modestly successful so far. A common assumption is that eliciting oligomannose-specific bnAbs is hindered by B cell tolerance, resulting from the presented oligomannosides being sensed as self molecules. Here, we present data, along with existing scientific evidence, supporting an additional, or perhaps alternate, explanation: serum mannosidase trimming of the presented oligomannosides in vivo. Mannosidase trimming lessens the likelihood of eliciting antibodies with capacity to bind full-sized oligomannose, which typifies the binding mode of existing bnAbs to the oligomannose patch. The rapidity of the observed trimming suggests the need for immunization strategies and/or synthetic glycosides that readily avoid or resist mannosidase trimming upon immunization and can overcome possible tolerance restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bruxelle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Tess Kirilenko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Quratulain Qureshi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Naiomi Lu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Nino Trattnig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-1190, Austria
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-1190, Austria
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada.
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29
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Nguyen DN, Redman RL, Horiya S, Bailey JK, Xu B, Stanfield RL, Temme JS, LaBranche CC, Wang S, Rodal AA, Montefiori DC, Wilson IA, Krauss IJ. The Impact of Sustained Immunization Regimens on the Antibody Response to Oligomannose Glycans. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:789-798. [PMID: 32109354 PMCID: PMC7091532 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The high mannose
patch (HMP) of the HIV envelope protein (Env)
is the structure most frequently targeted by broadly neutralizing
antibodies; therefore, many researchers have attempted to use mimics
of this region as a vaccine immunogen. In our previous efforts, vaccinating
rabbits with evolved HMP mimic glycopeptides containing Man9 resulted in an overall antibody response targeting the glycan core
and linker rather than the full glycan or Manα1→2Man
tips of Man9 glycans. A possible reason could be processing
of our immunogen by host serum mannosidases. We sought to test whether
more prolonged dosing could increase the antibody response to intact
glycans, possibly by increasing the availability of intact Man9 to germinal centers. Here, we describe a study investigating
the impact of immunization regimen on antibody response by testing
immunogen delivery through bolus, an exponential series of mini doses,
or a continuously infusing mini-osmotic pump. Our results indicate
that, with our glycopeptide immunogens, standard bolus immunization
elicited the strongest HIV Env-binding antibody response, even though
higher overall titers to the glycopeptide were elicited by the exponential
and pump regimens. Antibody selectivity for intact glycan was, if
anything, slightly better in the bolus-immunized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung N. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Richard L. Redman
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Satoru Horiya
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Bokai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Robyn L. Stanfield
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - J. Sebastian Temme
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Avital A. Rodal
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Isaac J. Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
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30
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Wei J, Tang Y, Bai Y, Zaia J, Costello CE, Hong P, Lin C. Toward Automatic and Comprehensive Glycan Characterization by Online PGC-LC-EED MS/MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:782-791. [PMID: 31829560 PMCID: PMC7082718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods for glycan structural analysis, characterization of glycomes remains a significant analytical challenge, in part due to the widespread presence of isomeric structures and the need to define the many structural variables for each glycan. Interpretation of the complex tandem mass spectra of glycans is often laborious and requires substantial expertise. Broad adoption of MS methods for glycomics, within and outside the glycoscience community, has been hindered by the shortage of bioinformatics tools for rapid and accurate glycan sequencing. Here, we developed an online porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography (PGC-LC)-electronic excitation dissociation (EED) MS/MS method that takes advantage of the superior isomer resolving power of PGC and the structural details provided by EED MS/MS for characterization of glycan mixtures. We also made improvements to GlycoDeNovo, our de novo glycan sequencing algorithm, so that it can automatically and accurately identify glycan topologies from EED tandem mass spectra acquired online. The majority of linkages can also be determined de novo, although in some cases, biological insight may be needed to fully define the glycan structure. Application of this method to the analysis of N-glycans released from ribonuclease B not only revealed the presence of 18 high-mannose structures, including new isomers not previously reported, but also provided relative quantification for each isomeric structure. With fully automated data acquisition and topology analysis, the approach presented here holds great potential for automated and comprehensive glycan characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Yang Tang
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Pengyu Hong
- Department of Computer Science, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Cheng Lin
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
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31
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Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus subtype 1 (HIV-1) bind to its envelope glycoprotein (Env). Half of the molecular mass of Env is carbohydrate making it one of the most heavily glycosylated proteins known in nature. HIV-1 Env glycans are derived from the host and present a formidable challenge for host anti-glycan antibody induction. Anti-glycan antibody induction is challenging because anti-HIV-1 glycan antibodies should recognize Env antigen while not acquiring autoreactivity. Thus, the glycan network on HIV-1 Env is referred to as the glycan shield. Despite the challenges presented by immune recognition of host-derived glycans, neutralizing antibodies capable of binding the glycans on HIV-1 Env can be generated by the host immune system in the setting of HIV-1 infection. In particular, a cluster of high mannose glycans, including an N-linked glycan at position 332, form the high mannose patch and are targeted by a variety of broadly neutralizing antibodies. These high mannose patch-directed HIV-1 antibodies can be categorized into distinct categories based on their antibody paratope structure, neutralization activity, and glycan and peptide reactivity. Below we will compare and contrast each of these classes of HIV-1 glycan-dependent antibodies and describe vaccine design efforts to elicit each of these antibody types.
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